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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Respiratory pattern in a rat model of epilepsy .
### Output Text: | Respiratory pattern in a rat model of epilepsy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: PURPOSE : Apnea is known to occur during seizures , but systematic studies of ictal respiratory changes in adults are few .
### Output Text: | PURPOSE : Apnea is known to occur during seizures , but systematic studies of ictal respiratory changes in adults are few . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Data regarding respiratory pattern defects during interictal periods also are scarce .
### Output Text: | Data regarding respiratory pattern defects during interictal periods also are scarce . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Here we sought to generate information with regard to the interictal period in animals with pilocarpine - induced epilepsy .
### Output Text: | Here we sought to generate information with regard to the interictal period in animals with <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - induced epilepsy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : Twelve rats ( six chronically epileptic animals and six controls ) were anesthetized , given tracheotomies , and subjected to hyperventilation or hypoventilation conditions .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Twelve rats ( six chronically epileptic animals and six controls ) were anesthetized , given tracheotomies , and subjected to hyperventilation or hypoventilation conditions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Breathing movements caused changes in thoracic volume and forced air to flow tidally through a pneumotachograph .
### Output Text: | Breathing movements caused changes in thoracic volume and forced air to flow tidally through a pneumotachograph . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This flow was measured by using a differential pressure transducer , passed through a polygraph , and from this to a computer with custom software that derived ventilation ( VE ) , tidal volume ( VT ) , inspiratory time ( TI ) , expiratory time ( TE ) , breathing frequency ( f ) , and mean inspiratory flow ( VT / TI ) on a breath - by - breath basis .
### Output Text: | This flow was measured by using a differential pressure transducer , passed through a polygraph , and from this to a computer with custom software that derived ventilation ( VE ) , tidal volume ( VT ) , inspiratory time ( TI ) , expiratory time ( TE ) , breathing frequency ( f ) , and mean inspiratory flow ( VT / TI ) on a breath - by - breath basis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : The hyperventilation maneuver caused a decrease in spontaneous ventilation in pilocarpine - treated and control rats .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : The hyperventilation maneuver caused a decrease in spontaneous ventilation in <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - treated and control rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although VE had a similar decrease in both groups , in the epileptic group , the decrease in VE was due to a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) increase in TE peak in relation to that of the control animals .
### Output Text: | Although VE had a similar decrease in both groups , in the epileptic group , the decrease in VE was due to a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) increase in TE peak in relation to that of the control animals . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The hypoventilation maneuver led to an increase in the arterial Paco2 , followed by an increase in VE .
### Output Text: | The hypoventilation maneuver led to an increase in the arterial Paco2 , followed by an increase in VE . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the epileptic group , the increase in VE was mediated by a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) decrease in TE peak compared with the control group .
### Output Text: | In the epileptic group , the increase in VE was mediated by a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) decrease in TE peak compared with the control group . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Systemic application of KCN , to evaluate the effects of peripheral chemoreception activation on ventilation , led to a similar increase in VE for both groups .
### Output Text: | Systemic application of KCN , to evaluate the effects of peripheral chemoreception activation on ventilation , led to a similar increase in VE for both groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : The data indicate that pilocarpine - treated animals have an altered ability to react to ( or compensate for ) blood gas changes with changes in ventilation and suggest that it is centrally determined .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : The data indicate that <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - treated animals have an altered ability to react to ( or compensate for ) blood gas changes with changes in ventilation and suggest that it is centrally determined . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We speculate on the possible relation of the current findings on treating different epilepsy - associated conditions .
### Output Text: | We speculate on the possible relation of the current findings on treating different epilepsy - associated conditions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Fatal myeloencephalopathy due to intrathecal vincristine administration .
### Output Text: | Fatal myeloencephalopathy due to intrathecal <span class="chemical">vincristine</span> administration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Vincristine was accidentally given intrathecally to a child with leukaemia , producing sensory and motor dysfunction followed by encephalopathy and death .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Vincristine</span> was accidentally given intrathecally to a child with leukaemia , producing sensory and motor dysfunction followed by encephalopathy and death . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Separate times for administering vincristine and intrathecal therapy is recommended .
### Output Text: | Separate times for administering <span class="chemical">vincristine</span> and intrathecal therapy is recommended . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Progesterone potentiation of bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity in pentobarbital - anesthetized rats and beating rat heart cell cultures .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Progesterone</span> potentiation of <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> arrhythmogenicity in <span class="chemical">pentobarbital</span> - anesthetized rats and beating rat heart cell cultures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The effects of progesterone treatment on bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity in beating rat heart myocyte cultures and on anesthetized rats were determined .
### Output Text: | The effects of <span class="chemical">progesterone</span> treatment on <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> arrhythmogenicity in beating rat heart myocyte cultures and on anesthetized rats were determined . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: After determining the bupivacaine AD50 ( the concentration of bupivacaine that caused 50 % of all beating rat heart myocyte cultures to become arrhythmic ) , we determined the effect of 1 - hour progesterone HCl exposure on myocyte contractile rhythm .
### Output Text: | After determining the <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> AD50 ( the concentration of <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> that caused 50 % of all beating rat heart myocyte cultures to become arrhythmic ) , we determined the effect of 1 - hour <span class="chemical">progesterone</span> <span class="chemical">HCl</span> exposure on myocyte contractile rhythm . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Each concentration of progesterone ( 6 . 25 , 12 . 5 , 25 , and 50 micrograms / ml ) caused a significant and concentration - dependent reduction in the AD50 for bupivacaine .
### Output Text: | Each concentration of <span class="chemical">progesterone</span> ( 6 . 25 , 12 . 5 , 25 , and 50 micrograms / ml ) caused a significant and concentration - dependent reduction in the AD50 for <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Estradiol treatment also increased the arrhythmogenicity of bupivacaine in myocyte cultures , but was only one fourth as potent as progesterone .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Estradiol</span> treatment also increased the arrhythmogenicity of <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> in myocyte cultures , but was only one fourth as potent as <span class="chemical">progesterone</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Neither progesterone nor estradiol effects on bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity were potentiated by epinephrine .
### Output Text: | Neither <span class="chemical">progesterone</span> nor <span class="chemical">estradiol</span> effects on <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> arrhythmogenicity were potentiated by <span class="chemical">epinephrine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Chronic progesterone pretreatment ( 5 mg / kg / day for 21 days ) caused a significant increase in bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity in intact pentobarbital - anesthetized rats .
### Output Text: | Chronic <span class="chemical">progesterone</span> pretreatment ( 5 mg / kg / day for 21 days ) caused a significant increase in <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> arrhythmogenicity in intact <span class="chemical">pentobarbital</span> - anesthetized rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There was a significant decrease in the time to onset of arrhythmia as compared with control nonprogesterone - treated rats ( 6 . 2 + / - 1 . 3 vs . 30 . 8 + / - 2 . 5 min , mean + / - SE ) .
### Output Text: | There was a significant decrease in the time to onset of arrhythmia as compared with control nonprogesterone - treated rats ( 6 . 2 + / - 1 . 3 vs . 30 . 8 + / - 2 . 5 min , mean + / - SE ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results of this study indicate that progesterone can potentiate bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity both in vivo and in vitro .
### Output Text: | The results of this study indicate that <span class="chemical">progesterone</span> can potentiate <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> arrhythmogenicity both in vivo and in vitro . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Potentiation of bupivacaine arrhythmia in myocyte cultures suggests that this effect is at least partly mediated at the myocyte level .
### Output Text: | Potentiation of <span class="chemical">bupivacaine</span> arrhythmia in myocyte cultures suggests that this effect is at least partly mediated at the myocyte level . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Increased serum soluble Fas in patients with acute liver failure due to paracetamol overdose .
### Output Text: | Increased serum soluble Fas in patients with acute liver failure due to <span class="chemical">paracetamol</span> overdose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND / AIMS : Experimental studies have suggested that apoptosis via the Fas / Fas Ligand signaling system may play an important role in the development of acute liver failure .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND / AIMS : Experimental studies have suggested that apoptosis via the Fas / Fas Ligand signaling system may play an important role in the development of acute liver failure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The aim of the study was to investigate the soluble form of Fas in patients with acute liver failure .
### Output Text: | The aim of the study was to investigate the soluble form of Fas in patients with acute liver failure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODOLOGY : Serum levels of sFas ( soluble Fas ) were measured by ELISA in 24 patients with acute liver failure and 10 normal control subjects .
### Output Text: | METHODOLOGY : Serum levels of sFas ( soluble Fas ) were measured by ELISA in 24 patients with acute liver failure and 10 normal control subjects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor - alpha and interferon - gamma were also determined by ELISA .
### Output Text: | Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor - alpha and interferon - gamma were also determined by ELISA . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Serum sFas was significantly increased in patients with acute liver failure ( median , 26 . 8 U / mL ; range , 6 . 9 - 52 . 7 U / mL ) compared to the normal controls ( median , 8 . 6 U / mL ; range , 6 . 5 - 12 . 0 U / mL , P < 0 . 0001 ) .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Serum sFas was significantly increased in patients with acute liver failure ( median , 26 . 8 U / mL ; range , 6 . 9 - 52 . 7 U / mL ) compared to the normal controls ( median , 8 . 6 U / mL ; range , 6 . 5 - 12 . 0 U / mL , P < 0 . 0001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Levels were significantly greater in patients with acute liver failure due to paracetamol overdose ( median , 28 . 7 U / mL ; range , 12 . 8 - 52 . 7 U / mL , n = 17 ) than those due to non - A to E hepatitis ( median , 12 . 5 U / mL ; range , 6 . 9 - 46 . 0 U / mL , n = 7 , P < 0 . 01 ) .
### Output Text: | Levels were significantly greater in patients with acute liver failure due to <span class="chemical">paracetamol</span> overdose ( median , 28 . 7 U / mL ; range , 12 . 8 - 52 . 7 U / mL , n = 17 ) than those due to non - A to E hepatitis ( median , 12 . 5 U / mL ; range , 6 . 9 - 46 . 0 U / mL , n = 7 , P < 0 . 01 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There was no relationship of sFas to eventual outcome in the patients .
### Output Text: | There was no relationship of sFas to eventual outcome in the patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A significant correlation was observed between serum sFas levels and aspartate aminotransferase ( r = 0 . 613 , P < 0 . 01 ) .
### Output Text: | A significant correlation was observed between serum sFas levels and <span class="chemical">aspartate</span> aminotransferase ( r = 0 . 613 , P < 0 . 01 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : The increased concentration of sFas in serum of patients with acute liver failure may reflect activation of Fas - mediated apoptosis in the liver and this together with increased tumor necrosis factor - alpha may be an important factor in liver cell loss .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : The increased concentration of sFas in serum of patients with acute liver failure may reflect activation of Fas - mediated apoptosis in the liver and this together with increased tumor necrosis factor - alpha may be an important factor in liver cell loss . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson ' s disease .
### Output Text: | Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson ' s disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) is known to ameliorate the signs and symptoms of advanced Parkinson ' s disease .
### Output Text: | High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) is known to ameliorate the signs and symptoms of advanced Parkinson ' s disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: AIM : We studied the effect of high frequency STN stimulation in 23 patients .
### Output Text: | AIM : We studied the effect of high frequency STN stimulation in 23 patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHOD : Twenty - three patients suffering from severe Parkinson ' s disease ( Stages III - V on Hoehn and Yahr scale ) and , particularly bradykinesia , rigidity , and levodopa - induced dyskinesias underwent bilateral implantation of electrodes in the STN .
### Output Text: | METHOD : Twenty - three patients suffering from severe Parkinson ' s disease ( Stages III - V on Hoehn and Yahr scale ) and , particularly bradykinesia , rigidity , and <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> - induced dyskinesias underwent bilateral implantation of electrodes in the STN . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Preoperative and postoperative assessments of these patients at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months follow - up , in " on " and " off " drug conditions , was carried out using Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale , Hoehn and Yahr staging , England activities of daily living score and video recordings .
### Output Text: | Preoperative and postoperative assessments of these patients at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months follow - up , in " on " and " off " drug conditions , was carried out using Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale , Hoehn and Yahr staging , England activities of daily living score and video recordings . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : After one year of electrical stimulation of the STN , the patients ' scores for activities of daily living and motor examination scores ( Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale parts II and III ) off medication improved by 62 % and 61 % respectively ( p < 0 . 0005 ) .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : After one year of electrical stimulation of the STN , the patients ' scores for activities of daily living and motor examination scores ( Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale parts II and III ) off medication improved by 62 % and 61 % respectively ( p < 0 . 0005 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The subscores for the akinesia , rigidity , tremor and gait also improved .
### Output Text: | The subscores for the akinesia , rigidity , tremor and gait also improved . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: ( p < 0 . 0005 ) .
### Output Text: | ( p < 0 . 0005 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The average levodopa dose decreased from 813 mg to 359 mg .
### Output Text: | The average <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> dose decreased from 813 mg to 359 mg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The cognitive functions remained unchanged .
### Output Text: | The cognitive functions remained unchanged . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Two patients developed device - related complications and two patients experienced abnormal weight gain .
### Output Text: | Two patients developed device - related complications and two patients experienced abnormal weight gain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson ' s disease .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson ' s disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: It reduces the severity of " off " phase symptoms , improves the axial symptoms and reduces levodopa requirements .
### Output Text: | It reduces the severity of " off " phase symptoms , improves the axial symptoms and reduces <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> requirements . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The reduction in the levodopa dose is useful in controlling drug - induced dyskinesias .
### Output Text: | The reduction in the <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> dose is useful in controlling drug - induced dyskinesias . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Acute renal failure occurring during intravenous desferrioxamine therapy : recovery after haemodialysis .
### Output Text: | Acute renal failure occurring during intravenous <span class="chemical">desferrioxamine</span> therapy : recovery after haemodialysis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A patient with transfusion - dependent thalassemia was undergoing home intravenous desferrioxamine ( DFX ) treatment by means of a totally implanted system because of his poor compliance with the nightly subcutaneous therapy .
### Output Text: | A patient with transfusion - dependent thalassemia was undergoing home intravenous <span class="chemical">desferrioxamine</span> ( <span class="chemical">DFX</span> ) treatment by means of a totally implanted system because of his poor compliance with the nightly subcutaneous therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Due to an accidental malfunctioning of the infusion pump , the patient was inadvertently administered a toxic dosage of the drug which caused renal insufficiency .
### Output Text: | Due to an accidental malfunctioning of the infusion pump , the patient was inadvertently administered a toxic dosage of the drug which caused renal insufficiency . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Given the progressive deterioration of the symptoms and of the laboratory values , despite adequate medical treatment , a decision was made to introduce haemodialytical therapy in order to remove the drug and therapy reduce the nephrotoxicity .
### Output Text: | Given the progressive deterioration of the symptoms and of the laboratory values , despite adequate medical treatment , a decision was made to introduce haemodialytical therapy in order to remove the drug and therapy reduce the nephrotoxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: From the results obtained , haemodialysis can therefore be suggested as a useful therapy in rare cases of progressive acute renal failure caused by desferrioxamine .
### Output Text: | From the results obtained , haemodialysis can therefore be suggested as a useful therapy in rare cases of progressive acute renal failure caused by <span class="chemical">desferrioxamine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Ocular motility changes after subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy for retinoblastoma .
### Output Text: | Ocular motility changes after subtenon <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> chemotherapy for retinoblastoma . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Focal subtenon carboplatin injections have recently been used as a presumably toxicity - free adjunct to systemic chemotherapy for intraocular retinoblastoma .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Focal subtenon <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> injections have recently been used as a presumably toxicity - free adjunct to systemic chemotherapy for intraocular retinoblastoma . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To report our clinical experience with abnormal ocular motility in patients treated with subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : To report our clinical experience with abnormal ocular motility in patients treated with subtenon <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> chemotherapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : We noted abnormal ocular motility in 10 consecutive patients with retinoblastoma who had received subtenon carboplatin .
### Output Text: | METHODS : We noted abnormal ocular motility in 10 consecutive patients with retinoblastoma who had received subtenon <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: During ocular manipulation under general anesthesia , we assessed their eyes by forced duction testing , comparing ocular motility after tumor control with ocular motility at diagnosis .
### Output Text: | During ocular manipulation under general anesthesia , we assessed their eyes by forced duction testing , comparing ocular motility after tumor control with ocular motility at diagnosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Eyes subsequently enucleated because of treatment failure ( n = 4 ) were examined histologically .
### Output Text: | Eyes subsequently enucleated because of treatment failure ( n = 4 ) were examined histologically . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Limitation of ocular motility was detected in all 12 eyes of 10 patients treated for intraocular retinoblastoma with 1 to 6 injections of subtenon carboplatin as part of multimodality therapy .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Limitation of ocular motility was detected in all 12 eyes of 10 patients treated for intraocular retinoblastoma with 1 to 6 injections of subtenon <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> as part of multimodality therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Histopathological examination revealed many lipophages in the periorbital fat surrounding the optic nerve in 1 eye , indicative of phagocytosis of previously existing fat cells and suggesting prior fat necrosis .
### Output Text: | Histopathological examination revealed many lipophages in the periorbital fat surrounding the optic nerve in 1 eye , indicative of phagocytosis of previously existing fat cells and suggesting prior fat necrosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The enucleations were technically difficult and hazardous for globe rupture because of extensive orbital soft tissue adhesions .
### Output Text: | The enucleations were technically difficult and hazardous for globe rupture because of extensive orbital soft tissue adhesions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : Subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy is associated with significant fibrosis of orbital soft tissues , leading to mechanical restriction of eye movements and making subsequent enucleation difficult .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : Subtenon <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> chemotherapy is associated with significant fibrosis of orbital soft tissues , leading to mechanical restriction of eye movements and making subsequent enucleation difficult . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Subtenon carboplatin is not free of toxicity , and its use is best restricted to specific indications .
### Output Text: | Subtenon <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> is not free of toxicity , and its use is best restricted to specific indications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ethambutol and optic neuropathy .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Ethambutol</span> and optic neuropathy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: PURPOSE : To demonstrate the association between ethambutol and optic neuropathy .
### Output Text: | PURPOSE : To demonstrate the association between <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> and optic neuropathy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHOD : Thirteen patients who developed optic neuropathy after being treated with ethambutol for tuberculosis of the lung or lymph node at Siriraj Hospital between 1997 and 2001 were retrospectively reviewed .
### Output Text: | METHOD : Thirteen patients who developed optic neuropathy after being treated with <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> for tuberculosis of the lung or lymph node at Siriraj Hospital between 1997 and 2001 were retrospectively reviewed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The clinical characteristics and initial and final visual acuity were analyzed to determine visual outcome .
### Output Text: | The clinical characteristics and initial and final visual acuity were analyzed to determine visual outcome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : All patients had optic neuropathy between 1 to 6 months ( mean = 2 . 9 months ) after starting ethambutol therapy at a dosage ranging from 13 to 20 mg / kg / day ( mean = 17 mg / kg / day ) .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : All patients had optic neuropathy between 1 to 6 months ( mean = 2 . 9 months ) after starting <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> therapy at a dosage ranging from 13 to 20 mg / kg / day ( mean = 17 mg / kg / day ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Seven ( 54 % ) of the 13 patients experienced visual recovery after stopping the drug .
### Output Text: | Seven ( 54 % ) of the 13 patients experienced visual recovery after stopping the drug . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Of 6 patients with irreversible visual impairment , 4 patients had diabetes mellitus , glaucoma and a history of heavy smoking .
### Output Text: | Of 6 patients with irreversible visual impairment , 4 patients had diabetes mellitus , glaucoma and a history of heavy smoking . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Early recognition of optic neuropathy should be considered in patients with ethambutol therapy .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : Early recognition of optic neuropathy should be considered in patients with <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A low dose and prompt discontinuation of the drug is recommended particularly in individuals with diabetes mellitus , glaucoma or who are heavy smokers .
### Output Text: | A low dose and prompt discontinuation of the drug is recommended particularly in individuals with diabetes mellitus , glaucoma or who are heavy smokers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Treatment of compensatory gustatory hyperhidrosis with topical glycopyrrolate .
### Output Text: | Treatment of compensatory gustatory hyperhidrosis with topical <span class="chemical">glycopyrrolate</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Gustatory hyperhidrosis is facial sweating usually associated with the eating of hot spicy food or even smelling this food .
### Output Text: | Gustatory hyperhidrosis is facial sweating usually associated with the eating of hot spicy food or even smelling this food . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Current options of treatment include oral anticholinergic drugs , the topical application of anticholinergics or aluminum chloride , and the injection of botulinum toxin .
### Output Text: | Current options of treatment include oral anticholinergic drugs , the topical application of anticholinergics or <span class="chemical">aluminum chloride</span> , and the injection of botulinum toxin . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thirteen patients have been treated to date with 1 . 5 % or 2 % topical glycopyrrolate .
### Output Text: | Thirteen patients have been treated to date with 1 . 5 % or 2 % topical <span class="chemical">glycopyrrolate</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: All patients had gustatory hyperhidrosis , which interfered with their social activities , after transthroacic endoscopic sympathectomy , and which was associated with compensatory focal hyperhidrosis .
### Output Text: | All patients had gustatory hyperhidrosis , which interfered with their social activities , after transthroacic endoscopic sympathectomy , and which was associated with compensatory focal hyperhidrosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: After applying topical glycopyrrolate , the subjective effect was excellent ( no sweating after eating hot spicy food ) in 10 patients ( 77 % ) , and fair ( clearly reduced sweating ) in 3 patients ( 23 % ) .
### Output Text: | After applying topical <span class="chemical">glycopyrrolate</span> , the subjective effect was excellent ( no sweating after eating hot spicy food ) in 10 patients ( 77 % ) , and fair ( clearly reduced sweating ) in 3 patients ( 23 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: All had reported incidents of being very embarrassed whilst eating hot spicy foods .
### Output Text: | All had reported incidents of being very embarrassed whilst eating hot spicy foods . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Adverse effects included a mildly dry mouth and a sore throat in 2 patients ( 2 % glycopyrrolate ) , a light headache in 1 patient ( 1 . 5 % glycopyrrolate ) .
### Output Text: | Adverse effects included a mildly dry mouth and a sore throat in 2 patients ( 2 % <span class="chemical">glycopyrrolate</span> ) , a light headache in 1 patient ( 1 . 5 % <span class="chemical">glycopyrrolate</span> ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The topical application of a glycopyrrolate pad appeared to be safe , efficacious , well tolerated , and a convenient method of treatment for moderate to severe symptoms of gustatory hyperhidrosis in post transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy patients , with few side effects .
### Output Text: | The topical application of a <span class="chemical">glycopyrrolate</span> pad appeared to be safe , efficacious , well tolerated , and a convenient method of treatment for moderate to severe symptoms of gustatory hyperhidrosis in post transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy patients , with few side effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Neuroleptic - associated hyperprolactinemia .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Neuroleptic</span> - associated hyperprolactinemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Can it be treated with bromocriptine ?
### Output Text: | Can it be treated with <span class="chemical">bromocriptine</span> ? |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Six stable psychiatric outpatients with hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea / oligomenorrhea associated with their neuroleptic medications were treated with bromocriptine .
### Output Text: | Six stable psychiatric outpatients with hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea / oligomenorrhea associated with their <span class="chemical">neuroleptic medications</span> were treated with <span class="chemical">bromocriptine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Daily dosages of 5 - 10 mg corrected the hyperprolactinemia and restored menstruation in four of the six patients .
### Output Text: | Daily dosages of 5 - 10 mg corrected the hyperprolactinemia and restored menstruation in four of the six patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: One woman , however , developed worsened psychiatric symptoms while taking bromocriptine , and it was discontinued .
### Output Text: | One woman , however , developed worsened psychiatric symptoms while taking <span class="chemical">bromocriptine</span> , and it was discontinued . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thus , three of six patients had their menstrual irregularity successfully corrected with bromocriptine .
### Output Text: | Thus , three of six patients had their menstrual irregularity successfully corrected with <span class="chemical">bromocriptine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This suggests that bromocriptine should be further evaluated as potential therapy for neuroleptic - associated hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea / galactorrhea .
### Output Text: | This suggests that <span class="chemical">bromocriptine</span> should be further evaluated as potential therapy for <span class="chemical">neuroleptic</span> - associated hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea / galactorrhea . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ethacrynic acid - induced convulsions and brain neurotransmitters in mice .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Ethacrynic acid</span> - induced convulsions and brain neurotransmitters in mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intracerebroventricular injection of ethacrynic acid ( 50 % convulsive dose ; 50 micrograms / mouse ) accelerated the synthesis / turnover of 5 - hydroxytryptamine ( 5 - HT ) but suppressed the synthesis of gamma - aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine in mouse brain .
### Output Text: | Intracerebroventricular injection of <span class="chemical">ethacrynic acid</span> ( 50 % convulsive dose ; 50 micrograms / mouse ) accelerated the synthesis / turnover of <span class="chemical">5 - hydroxytryptamine</span> ( <span class="chemical">5 - HT</span> ) but suppressed the synthesis of <span class="chemical">gamma - aminobutyric acid</span> and <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> in mouse brain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These effects were completely antagonized by pretreatment with a glutamate / N - methyl - D - aspartate antagonist , aminophosphonovaleric acid .
### Output Text: | These effects were completely antagonized by pretreatment with a <span class="chemical">glutamate</span> / <span class="chemical">N - methyl - D - aspartate</span> antagonist , <span class="chemical">aminophosphonovaleric acid</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In ethacrynic acid - induced convulsions , these neurotransmitter systems may be differentially modulated , probably through activation of glutaminergic neurons in the brain .
### Output Text: | In <span class="chemical">ethacrynic acid</span> - induced convulsions , these neurotransmitter systems may be differentially modulated , probably through activation of glutaminergic neurons in the brain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pharmacology of gamma - aminobutyric acidA receptor complex after the in vivo administration of the anxioselective and anticonvulsant beta - carboline derivative abecarnil .
### Output Text: | Pharmacology of <span class="chemical">gamma - aminobutyric acidA</span> receptor complex after the in vivo administration of the anxioselective and anticonvulsant <span class="chemical">beta - carboline</span> derivative <span class="chemical">abecarnil</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In rodents , the effect of the beta - carboline derivative isopropyl - 6 - benzyloxy - 4 - methoxymethyl - beta - carboline - 3 - carboxylate ( abecarrnil ) , a new ligand for benzodiazepine receptors possessing anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties , was evaluated on the function of central gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) A receptor complex , both in vitro and in vivo .
### Output Text: | In rodents , the effect of the <span class="chemical">beta - carboline</span> derivative <span class="chemical">isopropyl - 6 - benzyloxy - 4 - methoxymethyl - beta - carboline - 3 - carboxylate</span> ( <span class="chemical">abecarrnil</span> ) , a new ligand for <span class="chemical">benzodiazepine</span> receptors possessing anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties , was evaluated on the function of central <span class="chemical">gamma - aminobutyric acid</span> ( <span class="chemical">GABA</span> ) A receptor complex , both in vitro and in vivo . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Added in vitro to rat cortical membrane preparation , abecarnil increased [ 3H ] GABA binding , enhanced muscimol - stimulated 36Cl - uptake and reduced the binding of t - [ 35S ] butylbicyclophosphorothionate ( [ 35S ] TBPS ) .
### Output Text: | Added in vitro to rat cortical membrane preparation , <span class="chemical">abecarnil</span> increased [ 3H ] <span class="chemical">GABA</span> binding , enhanced <span class="chemical">muscimol</span> - stimulated 36Cl - uptake and reduced the binding of <span class="chemical">t - [ 35S ] butylbicyclophosphorothionate</span> ( <span class="chemical">[ 35S ] TBPS</span> ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These effects were similar to those induced by diazepam , whereas the partial agonist Ro 16 - 6028 ( tert - butyl - ( S ) - 8 - bromo - 11 , 12 , 13 , 13a - tetrahydro - 9 - oxo - 9H - imidazo [ 1 , 5 - a ] - pyrrolo - [ 2 , 1 - c ] [ 1 , 4 ] benzodiazepine - 1 - carboxylate ) showed very weak efficacy in these biochemical tests .
### Output Text: | These effects were similar to those induced by <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> , whereas the partial agonist <span class="chemical">Ro 16 - 6028</span> ( <span class="chemical">tert - butyl - ( S ) - 8 - bromo - 11 , 12 , 13 , 13a - tetrahydro - 9 - oxo - 9H - imidazo [ 1 , 5 - a ] - pyrrolo - [ 2 , 1 - c ] [ 1 , 4 ] benzodiazepine - 1 - carboxylate</span> ) showed very weak efficacy in these biochemical tests . |
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