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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: S - 312 , S - 312 - d , but not S - 312 - l , L - type calcium channel antagonists , showed anticonvulsant effects on the audiogenic tonic convulsions in DBA / 2 mice ; and their ED50 values were 18 . 4 ( 12 . 8 - 27 . 1 ) mg / kg , p . o . and 15 . 0 ( 10 . 2 - 23 . 7 ) mg / kg , p . o . , respectively , while that of flunarizine was 34 . 0 ( 26 . 0 - 44 . 8 ) mg / kg , p . o .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">S - 312</span> , <span class="chemical">S - 312 - d</span> , but not <span class="chemical">S - 312 - l</span> , L - type <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel antagonists , showed anticonvulsant effects on the audiogenic tonic convulsions in DBA / 2 mice ; and their ED50 values were 18 . 4 ( 12 . 8 - 27 . 1 ) mg / kg , p . o . and 15 . 0 ( 10 . 2 - 23 . 7 ) mg / kg , p . o . , respectively , while that of <span class="chemical">flunarizine</span> was 34 . 0 ( 26 . 0 - 44 . 8 ) mg / kg , p . o . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although moderate anticonvulsant effects of S - 312 - d in higher doses were observed against the clonic convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole ( 85 mg / kg , s . c . ) or bemegride ( 40 mg / kg , s . c . ) , no effects were observed in convulsions induced by N - methyl - D - aspartate , picrotoxin , or electroshock in Slc : ddY mice .
### Output Text: | Although moderate anticonvulsant effects of <span class="chemical">S - 312 - d</span> in higher doses were observed against the clonic convulsions induced by <span class="chemical">pentylenetetrazole</span> ( 85 mg / kg , s . c . ) or <span class="chemical">bemegride</span> ( 40 mg / kg , s . c . ) , no effects were observed in convulsions induced by <span class="chemical">N - methyl - D - aspartate</span> , <span class="chemical">picrotoxin</span> , or electroshock in Slc : ddY mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: S - 312 - d may be useful in the therapy of certain types of human epilepsy .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">S - 312 - d</span> may be useful in the therapy of certain types of human epilepsy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Transmural myocardial infarction with sumatriptan .
### Output Text: | Transmural myocardial infarction with <span class="chemical">sumatriptan</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: For sumatriptan , tightness in the chest caused by an unknown mechanism has been reported in 3 - 5 % of users .
### Output Text: | For <span class="chemical">sumatriptan</span> , tightness in the chest caused by an unknown mechanism has been reported in 3 - 5 % of users . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We describe a 47 - year - old woman with an acute myocardial infarction after administration of sumatriptan 6 mg subcutaneously for cluster headache .
### Output Text: | We describe a 47 - year - old woman with an acute myocardial infarction after administration of <span class="chemical">sumatriptan</span> 6 mg subcutaneously for cluster headache . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The patient had no history of underlying ischaemic heart disease or Prinzmetal ' s angina .
### Output Text: | The patient had no history of underlying ischaemic heart disease or Prinzmetal ' s angina . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: She recovered without complications .
### Output Text: | She recovered without complications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Flumazenil induces seizures and death in mixed cocaine - diazepam intoxications .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Flumazenil</span> induces seizures and death in mixed <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> intoxications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: STUDY HYPOTHESIS : Administration of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil may unmask seizures in mixed cocaine - benzodiazepine intoxication .
### Output Text: | STUDY HYPOTHESIS : Administration of the <span class="chemical">benzodiazepine</span> antagonist <span class="chemical">flumazenil</span> may unmask seizures in mixed <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - <span class="chemical">benzodiazepine</span> intoxication . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: DESIGN : Male Sprague - Dawley rats received 100 mg / kg cocaine IP alone , 5 mg / kg diazepam alone , or a combination of diazepam and cocaine .
### Output Text: | DESIGN : Male Sprague - Dawley rats received 100 mg / kg <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> IP alone , 5 mg / kg <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> alone , or a combination of <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> and <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Three minutes later , groups were challenged with vehicle or flumazenil 5 or 10 mg / kg IP .
### Output Text: | Three minutes later , groups were challenged with vehicle or <span class="chemical">flumazenil</span> 5 or 10 mg / kg IP . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Animal behavior , seizures ( time to and incidence ) , death ( time to and incidence ) , and cortical EEG tracings were recorded .
### Output Text: | Animal behavior , seizures ( time to and incidence ) , death ( time to and incidence ) , and cortical EEG tracings were recorded . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: INTERVENTIONS : Administration of flumazenil to animals after they had received a combination dose of cocaine and diazepam .
### Output Text: | INTERVENTIONS : Administration of <span class="chemical">flumazenil</span> to animals after they had received a combination dose of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> and <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : In group 1 , animals received cocaine followed by vehicle .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : In group 1 , animals received <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> followed by vehicle . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This resulted in 100 % developing seizures and death .
### Output Text: | This resulted in 100 % developing seizures and death . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Group 2 received diazepam alone followed by vehicle .
### Output Text: | Group 2 received <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> alone followed by vehicle . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Animals became somnolent and none died .
### Output Text: | Animals became somnolent and none died . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Group 3 received diazepam followed by 5 mg / kg flumazenil .
### Output Text: | Group 3 received <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> followed by 5 mg / kg <span class="chemical">flumazenil</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Animals became somnolent after diazepam and then active after flumazenil administration .
### Output Text: | Animals became somnolent after <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> and then active after <span class="chemical">flumazenil</span> administration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In group 4 , a combination of cocaine and diazepam was administered simultaneously .
### Output Text: | In group 4 , a combination of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> and <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> was administered simultaneously . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This resulted in no overt or EEG - detectable seizures and a 50 % incidence of death .
### Output Text: | This resulted in no overt or EEG - detectable seizures and a 50 % incidence of death . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Group 5 received a similar combination of cocaine and diazepam , followed later by 5 mg / kg flumazenil .
### Output Text: | Group 5 received a similar combination of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> and <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> , followed later by 5 mg / kg <span class="chemical">flumazenil</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This resulted in an increased incidence of seizures , 90 % ( P < . 01 ) , and death , 100 % ( P < or = . 01 ) , compared with group 4 .
### Output Text: | This resulted in an increased incidence of seizures , 90 % ( P < . 01 ) , and death , 100 % ( P < or = . 01 ) , compared with group 4 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Group 6 received cocaine and diazepam followed by 10 mg / kg flumazenil .
### Output Text: | Group 6 received <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> and <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> followed by 10 mg / kg <span class="chemical">flumazenil</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This also resulted in an increased incidence of seizures , 90 % ( P < or = . 01 ) , and death , 90 % ( P < or = . 05 ) , compared with group 4 .
### Output Text: | This also resulted in an increased incidence of seizures , 90 % ( P < or = . 01 ) , and death , 90 % ( P < or = . 05 ) , compared with group 4 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Flumazenil can unmask seizures and increase the incidence of death in a model of combined cocaine - diazepam intoxications .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : <span class="chemical">Flumazenil</span> can unmask seizures and increase the incidence of death in a model of combined <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> intoxications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Mechanisms for protective effects of free radical scavengers on gentamicin - mediated nephropathy in rats .
### Output Text: | Mechanisms for protective effects of free radical scavengers on <span class="chemical">gentamicin</span> - mediated nephropathy in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Studies were performed to examine the mechanisms for the protective effects of free radical scavengers on gentamicin ( GM ) - mediated nephropathy .
### Output Text: | Studies were performed to examine the mechanisms for the protective effects of free radical scavengers on <span class="chemical">gentamicin</span> ( <span class="chemical">GM</span> ) - mediated nephropathy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Administration of GM at 40 mg / kg sc for 13 days to rats induced a significant reduction in renal blood flow ( RBF ) and inulin clearance ( CIn ) as well as marked tubular damage .
### Output Text: | Administration of <span class="chemical">GM</span> at 40 mg / kg sc for 13 days to rats induced a significant reduction in renal blood flow ( RBF ) and inulin clearance ( CIn ) as well as marked tubular damage . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A significant reduction in urinary guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' - cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) excretion and a significant increase in renal cortical renin and endothelin - 1 contents were also observed in GM - mediated nephropathy .
### Output Text: | A significant reduction in urinary <span class="chemical">guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' - cyclic monophosphate</span> ( <span class="chemical">cGMP</span> ) excretion and a significant increase in renal cortical renin and endothelin - 1 contents were also observed in <span class="chemical">GM</span> - mediated nephropathy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) or dimethylthiourea ( DMTU ) significantly lessened the GM - induced decrement in CIn .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Superoxide</span> dismutase ( SOD ) or <span class="chemical">dimethylthiourea</span> ( <span class="chemical">DMTU</span> ) significantly lessened the <span class="chemical">GM</span> - induced decrement in CIn . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The SOD - induced increase in glomerular filtration rate was associated with a marked improvement in RBF , an increase in urinary cGMP excretion , and a decrease in renal renin and endothelin - 1 content .
### Output Text: | The SOD - induced increase in glomerular filtration rate was associated with a marked improvement in RBF , an increase in urinary <span class="chemical">cGMP</span> excretion , and a decrease in renal renin and endothelin - 1 content . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: SOD did not attenuate the tubular damage .
### Output Text: | SOD did not attenuate the tubular damage . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In contrast , DMTU significantly reduced the tubular damage and lipid peroxidation , but it did not affect renal hemodynamics and vasoactive substances .
### Output Text: | In contrast , <span class="chemical">DMTU</span> significantly reduced the tubular damage and lipid peroxidation , but it did not affect renal hemodynamics and vasoactive substances . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Neither SOD nor DMTU affected the renal cortical GM content in GM - treated rats .
### Output Text: | Neither SOD nor <span class="chemical">DMTU</span> affected the renal cortical <span class="chemical">GM</span> content in <span class="chemical">GM</span> - treated rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These results suggest that 1 ) both SOD and DMTU have protective effects on GM - mediated nephropathy , 2 ) the mechanisms for the protective effects differ for SOD and DMTU , and 3 ) superoxide anions play a critical role in GM - induced renal vasoconstriction .
### Output Text: | These results suggest that 1 ) both SOD and <span class="chemical">DMTU</span> have protective effects on <span class="chemical">GM</span> - mediated nephropathy , 2 ) the mechanisms for the protective effects differ for SOD and <span class="chemical">DMTU</span> , and 3 ) <span class="chemical">superoxide</span> anions play a critical role in <span class="chemical">GM</span> - induced renal vasoconstriction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cephalothin - induced immune hemolytic anemia .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Cephalothin</span> - induced immune hemolytic anemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A patient with renal disease developed Coombs - positive hemolytic anemia while receiving cephalothin therapy .
### Output Text: | A patient with renal disease developed Coombs - positive hemolytic anemia while receiving <span class="chemical">cephalothin</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: An anti - cephalothin IgG antibody was detected in the patient ' s serum and in the eluates from her erythrocytes .
### Output Text: | An anti - <span class="chemical">cephalothin</span> IgG antibody was detected in the patient ' s serum and in the eluates from her erythrocytes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In addition , nonimmunologic binding of normal and patient ' s serum proteins to her own and cephalothin - coated normal red cells was demonstrated .
### Output Text: | In addition , nonimmunologic binding of normal and patient ' s serum proteins to her own and <span class="chemical">cephalothin</span> - coated normal red cells was demonstrated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation revealed that the patient was sensitized to cephalothin and also to ampicillin .
### Output Text: | Skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation revealed that the patient was sensitized to <span class="chemical">cephalothin</span> and also to <span class="chemical">ampicillin</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Careful investigation of drug - induced hemolytic anemias reveals the complexity of the immune mechanisms involved .
### Output Text: | Careful investigation of drug - induced hemolytic anemias reveals the complexity of the immune mechanisms involved . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Assessment of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis during hypertrophy in adult mice .
### Output Text: | Assessment of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis during hypertrophy in adult mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The ability of cardiomyocytes to synthesize DNA in response to experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy was assessed in adult mice .
### Output Text: | The ability of cardiomyocytes to synthesize DNA in response to experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy was assessed in adult mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Isoproterenol delivered by osmotic minipump implantation in adult C3Heb / FeJ mice resulted in a 46 % increase in heart weight and a 19 . 3 % increase in cardiomyocyte area .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Isoproterenol</span> delivered by osmotic minipump implantation in adult C3Heb / FeJ mice resulted in a 46 % increase in heart weight and a 19 . 3 % increase in cardiomyocyte area . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: No DNA synthesis , as assessed by autoradiographic analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes , was observed in control or hypertrophic hearts .
### Output Text: | No DNA synthesis , as assessed by autoradiographic analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes , was observed in control or hypertrophic hearts . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A survey of 15 independent inbred strains of mice revealed that ventricular cardiomyocyte nuclear number ranged from 3 to 13 % mononucleate , suggesting that cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation is influenced directly or indirectly by genetic background .
### Output Text: | A survey of 15 independent inbred strains of mice revealed that ventricular cardiomyocyte nuclear number ranged from 3 to 13 % mononucleate , suggesting that cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation is influenced directly or indirectly by genetic background . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: To determine whether the capacity for reactive DNA synthesis was also subject to genetic regulation , cardiac hypertrophy was induced in the strains of mice comprising the extremes of the nuclear number survey .
### Output Text: | To determine whether the capacity for reactive DNA synthesis was also subject to genetic regulation , cardiac hypertrophy was induced in the strains of mice comprising the extremes of the nuclear number survey . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These data indicate that adult mouse atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes do not synthesize DNA in response to isoproterenol - induced cardiac hypertrophy .
### Output Text: | These data indicate that adult mouse atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes do not synthesize DNA in response to <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> - induced cardiac hypertrophy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Central cardiovascular effects of AVP and ANP in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats .
### Output Text: | Central cardiovascular effects of <span class="chemical">AVP</span> and ANP in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The purpose of the present study was to compare influence of central arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) and of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) on control of arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate ( HR ) in normotensive ( WKY ) and spontaneously hypertensive ( SHR ) rats .
### Output Text: | The purpose of the present study was to compare influence of central <span class="chemical">arginine vasopressin</span> ( <span class="chemical">AVP</span> ) and of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) on control of arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate ( HR ) in normotensive ( WKY ) and spontaneously hypertensive ( SHR ) rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Three series of experiments were performed on 30 WKY and 30 SHR , chronically instrumented with guide tubes in the lateral ventricle ( LV ) and arterial and venous catheters .
### Output Text: | Three series of experiments were performed on 30 WKY and 30 SHR , chronically instrumented with guide tubes in the lateral ventricle ( LV ) and arterial and venous catheters . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: MAP and HR were monitored before and after i . v . injections of either vehicle or 1 , 10 and 50 ng of AVP and 25 , 125 and 500 ng of ANP .
### Output Text: | MAP and HR were monitored before and after i . v . injections of either vehicle or 1 , 10 and 50 ng of <span class="chemical">AVP</span> and 25 , 125 and 500 ng of ANP . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Sensitivity of cardiac component of baroreflex ( CCB ) , expressed as a slope of the regression line was determined from relationships between systolic arterial pressure ( SAP ) and HR period ( HRp ) during phenylephrine ( Phe ) - induced hypertension and sodium nitroprusside ( SN ) - induced hypotension .
### Output Text: | Sensitivity of cardiac component of baroreflex ( CCB ) , expressed as a slope of the regression line was determined from relationships between systolic arterial pressure ( SAP ) and HR period ( HRp ) during <span class="chemical">phenylephrine</span> ( <span class="chemical">Phe</span> ) - induced hypertension and <span class="chemical">sodium nitroprusside</span> ( <span class="chemical">SN</span> ) - induced hypotension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CCB was measured before and after administration of either vehicle , AVP , ANP , or both peptides together .
### Output Text: | CCB was measured before and after administration of either vehicle , <span class="chemical">AVP</span> , ANP , or both peptides together . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Increases of MAP occurred after LV administration of 1 , 10 and 50 ng of AVP in WKY and of 10 and 50 ng in SHR .
### Output Text: | Increases of MAP occurred after LV administration of 1 , 10 and 50 ng of <span class="chemical">AVP</span> in WKY and of 10 and 50 ng in SHR . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: ANP did not cause significant changes in MAP in both strains as compared to vehicle , but it abolished AVP - induced MAP increase in WKY and SHR .
### Output Text: | ANP did not cause significant changes in MAP in both strains as compared to vehicle , but it abolished <span class="chemical">AVP</span> - induced MAP increase in WKY and SHR . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CCB was reduced in WKY and SHR after LV administration of AVP during SN - induced hypotension .
### Output Text: | CCB was reduced in WKY and SHR after LV administration of <span class="chemical">AVP</span> during <span class="chemical">SN</span> - induced hypotension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In SHR but not in WKY administration of ANP , AVP and ANP + AVP decreased CCB during Phe - induced MAP elevation .
### Output Text: | In SHR but not in WKY administration of ANP , <span class="chemical">AVP</span> and ANP + <span class="chemical">AVP</span> decreased CCB during <span class="chemical">Phe</span> - induced MAP elevation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results indicate that centrally applied AVP and ANP exert differential effects on blood pressure and baroreflex control of heart rate in WKY and SHR and suggest interaction of these two peptides in blood pressure regulation at the level of central nervous system .
### Output Text: | The results indicate that centrally applied <span class="chemical">AVP</span> and ANP exert differential effects on blood pressure and baroreflex control of heart rate in WKY and SHR and suggest interaction of these two peptides in blood pressure regulation at the level of central nervous system . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cutaneous exposure to warfarin - like anticoagulant causing an intracerebral hemorrhage : a case report .
### Output Text: | Cutaneous exposure to <span class="chemical">warfarin</span> - like anticoagulant causing an intracerebral hemorrhage : a case report . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A case of intercerebral hematoma due to warfarin - induced coagulopathy is presented .
### Output Text: | A case of intercerebral hematoma due to <span class="chemical">warfarin</span> - induced coagulopathy is presented . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The 39 - year - old woman had spread a warfarin - type rat poison around her house weekly using her bare hands , with no washing post application .
### Output Text: | The 39 - year - old woman had spread a <span class="chemical">warfarin</span> - type rat poison around her house weekly using her bare hands , with no washing post application . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Percutaneous absorption of warfarin causing coagulopathy , reported three times in the past , is a significant risk if protective measures , such as gloves , are not used .
### Output Text: | Percutaneous absorption of <span class="chemical">warfarin</span> causing coagulopathy , reported three times in the past , is a significant risk if protective measures , such as gloves , are not used . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: An adverse drug interaction with piroxicam , which she took occasionally , may have exacerbated the coagulopathy .
### Output Text: | An adverse drug interaction with <span class="chemical">piroxicam</span> , which she took occasionally , may have exacerbated the coagulopathy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pediatric heart transplantation without chronic maintenance steroids .
### Output Text: | Pediatric heart transplantation without chronic maintenance <span class="chemical">steroids</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: From 1986 to February 1993 , 40 children aged 2 months to 18 years ( average age 10 . 4 + / - 5 . 8 years ) underwent heart transplantation .
### Output Text: | From 1986 to February 1993 , 40 children aged 2 months to 18 years ( average age 10 . 4 + / - 5 . 8 years ) underwent heart transplantation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Indications for transplantation were idiopathic cardiomyopathy ( 52 % ) , congenital heart disease ( 35 % ) with and without prior repair ( 71 % and 29 % , respectively ) , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( 5 % ) , valvular heart disease ( 3 % ) , and doxorubicin cardiomyopathy ( 5 % ) .
### Output Text: | Indications for transplantation were idiopathic cardiomyopathy ( 52 % ) , congenital heart disease ( 35 % ) with and without prior repair ( 71 % and 29 % , respectively ) , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( 5 % ) , valvular heart disease ( 3 % ) , and <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> cardiomyopathy ( 5 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patients were managed with cyclosporine and azathioprine .
### Output Text: | Patients were managed with <span class="chemical">cyclosporine</span> and <span class="chemical">azathioprine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: No prophylaxis with antilymphocyte globulin was used .
### Output Text: | No prophylaxis with antilymphocyte globulin was used . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Steroids were given to 39 % of patients for refractory rejection , but weaning was always attempted and generally successful ( 64 % ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Steroids</span> were given to 39 % of patients for refractory rejection , but weaning was always attempted and generally successful ( 64 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Five patients ( 14 % ) received maintenance steroids .
### Output Text: | Five patients ( 14 % ) received maintenance <span class="chemical">steroids</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Four patients died in the perioperative period and one died 4 months later .
### Output Text: | Four patients died in the perioperative period and one died 4 months later . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There have been no deaths related to rejection or infection .
### Output Text: | There have been no deaths related to rejection or infection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Average follow - up was 36 + / - 19 months ( range 1 to 65 months ) .
### Output Text: | Average follow - up was 36 + / - 19 months ( range 1 to 65 months ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cumulative survival is 88 % at 5 years .
### Output Text: | Cumulative survival is 88 % at 5 years . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In patients less than 7 years of age , rejection was monitored noninvasively .
### Output Text: | In patients less than 7 years of age , rejection was monitored noninvasively . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the first postoperative month , 89 % of patients were treated for rejection .
### Output Text: | In the first postoperative month , 89 % of patients were treated for rejection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Freedom from serious infections was 83 % at 1 month and 65 % at 1 year .
### Output Text: | Freedom from serious infections was 83 % at 1 month and 65 % at 1 year . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cytomegalovirus infections were treated successfully with ganciclovir in 11 patients .
### Output Text: | Cytomegalovirus infections were treated successfully with <span class="chemical">ganciclovir</span> in 11 patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: No impairment of growth was observed in children who underwent transplantation compared with a control population .
### Output Text: | No impairment of growth was observed in children who underwent transplantation compared with a control population . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Twenty - one patients ( 60 % ) have undergone annual catheterizations and no sign of graft atherosclerosis has been observed .
### Output Text: | Twenty - one patients ( 60 % ) have undergone annual catheterizations and no sign of graft atherosclerosis has been observed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Seizures occurred in five patients ( 14 % ) and hypertension was treated in 10 patients ( 28 % ) .
### Output Text: | Seizures occurred in five patients ( 14 % ) and hypertension was treated in 10 patients ( 28 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: No patient was disabled and no lymphoproliferative disorder was observed . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
### Output Text: | No patient was disabled and no lymphoproliferative disorder was observed . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Delirium during fluoxetine treatment .
### Output Text: | Delirium during <span class="chemical">fluoxetine</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A case report .
### Output Text: | A case report . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The correlation between high serum tricyclic antidepressant concentrations and central nervous system side effects has been well established .
### Output Text: | The correlation between high serum tricyclic antidepressant concentrations and central nervous system side effects has been well established . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Only a few reports exist , however , on the relationship between the serum concentrations of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) and their toxic effects .
### Output Text: | Only a few reports exist , however , on the relationship between the serum concentrations of selective <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) and their toxic effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In some cases , a high serum concentration of citalopram ( > 600 nmol / L ) in elderly patients has been associated with increased somnolence and movement difficulties .
### Output Text: | In some cases , a high serum concentration of <span class="chemical">citalopram</span> ( > 600 nmol / L ) in elderly patients has been associated with increased somnolence and movement difficulties . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Widespread cognitive disorders , such as delirium , have not been previously linked with high blood levels of SSRIs .
### Output Text: | Widespread cognitive disorders , such as delirium , have not been previously linked with high blood levels of SSRIs . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In this report , we describe a patient with acute hyperkinetic delirium connected with a high serum total fluoxetine ( fluoxetine plus desmethylfluoxetine ) concentration .
### Output Text: | In this report , we describe a patient with acute hyperkinetic delirium connected with a high serum total <span class="chemical">fluoxetine</span> ( <span class="chemical">fluoxetine</span> plus <span class="chemical">desmethylfluoxetine</span> ) concentration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pulmonary edema and shock after high - dose aracytine - C for lymphoma ; possible role of TNF - alpha and PAF .
### Output Text: | Pulmonary edema and shock after high - dose <span class="chemical">aracytine - C</span> for lymphoma ; possible role of TNF - alpha and PAF . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Four out of 23 consecutive patients treated with high - dose Ara - C for lymphomas in our institution developed a strikingly similar syndrome during the perfusion .
### Output Text: | Four out of 23 consecutive patients treated with high - dose <span class="chemical">Ara - C</span> for lymphomas in our institution developed a strikingly similar syndrome during the perfusion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: It was characterized by the onset of fever , diarrhea , shock , pulmonary edema , acute renal failure , metabolic acidosis , weight gain and leukocytosis .
### Output Text: | It was characterized by the onset of fever , diarrhea , shock , pulmonary edema , acute renal failure , metabolic acidosis , weight gain and leukocytosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Thorough bacteriological screening failed to provide evidence of infection .
### Output Text: | Thorough bacteriological screening failed to provide evidence of infection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Sequential biological assays of IL - 1 , IL - 2 , TNF and PAF were performed during Ara - C infusion to ten patients , including the four who developed the syndrome .
### Output Text: | Sequential biological assays of IL - 1 , IL - 2 , TNF and PAF were performed during <span class="chemical">Ara - C</span> infusion to ten patients , including the four who developed the syndrome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: TNF and PAF activity was found in the serum of respectively two and four of the cases , but not in the six controls .
### Output Text: | TNF and PAF activity was found in the serum of respectively two and four of the cases , but not in the six controls . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: As TNF and PAF are thought to be involved in the development of septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome , we hypothesize that high - dose Ara - C may be associated with cytokine release .
### Output Text: | As TNF and PAF are thought to be involved in the development of septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome , we hypothesize that high - dose <span class="chemical">Ara - C</span> may be associated with cytokine release . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Protective effect of clentiazem against epinephrine - induced cardiac injury in rats .
### Output Text: | Protective effect of <span class="chemical">clentiazem</span> against <span class="chemical">epinephrine</span> - induced cardiac injury in rats . |
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