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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Urinary protein excretion was unaltered by rhIGF - I treatment in rats with chronic PAN nephropathy .
### Output Text: | Urinary protein excretion was unaltered by rhIGF - I treatment in rats with chronic <span class="chemical">PAN</span> nephropathy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After 12 wk , the inulin clearance was higher in rhIGF - I - treated rats , 0 . 48 + / - 0 . 08 versus 0 . 24 + / - 0 . 06 mL / min / 100 g of body weight in untreated PAN nephropathy animals , p < 0 . 05 .
### Output Text: | After 12 wk , the inulin clearance was higher in rhIGF - I - treated rats , 0 . 48 + / - 0 . 08 versus 0 . 24 + / - 0 . 06 mL / min / 100 g of body weight in untreated <span class="chemical">PAN</span> nephropathy animals , p < 0 . 05 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The improvement in GFR was not associated with enhanced glomerular hypertrophy or increased segmental glomerulosclerosis , tubulointerstitial injury , or renal cortical malondialdehyde content .
### Output Text: | The improvement in GFR was not associated with enhanced glomerular hypertrophy or increased segmental glomerulosclerosis , tubulointerstitial injury , or renal cortical <span class="chemical">malondialdehyde</span> content . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In rats with PAN nephropathy , administration of rhIGF - I increased IGF - I and GH receptor gene expression , without altering the steady state level of IGF - I receptor mRNA .
### Output Text: | In rats with <span class="chemical">PAN</span> nephropathy , administration of rhIGF - I increased IGF - I and GH receptor gene expression , without altering the steady state level of IGF - I receptor mRNA . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In normal rats with intact kidneys , rhIGF - I administration ( n = 4 ) did not alter weight gain , blood pressure , proteinuria , GFR , glomerular planar area , renal cortical malondialdehyde content , or glomerular or tubulointerstitial damage , compared with untreated animals ( n = 4 ) .
### Output Text: | In normal rats with intact kidneys , rhIGF - I administration ( n = 4 ) did not alter weight gain , blood pressure , proteinuria , GFR , glomerular planar area , renal cortical <span class="chemical">malondialdehyde</span> content , or glomerular or tubulointerstitial damage , compared with untreated animals ( n = 4 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: rhIGF - I treatment reduced the steady state renal IGF - I mRNA level but did not modify gene expression of the IGF - I or GH receptors .
### Output Text: | rhIGF - I treatment reduced the steady state renal IGF - I mRNA level but did not modify gene expression of the IGF - I or GH receptors . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We conclude that : 1 ) administration of rhIGF - I improves growth and GFR in rats with chronic PAN nephropathy and 2 ) unlike rhGH , long - term use of rhIGF - I does not worsen renal functional and structural injury in this disease model .
### Output Text: | We conclude that : 1 ) administration of rhIGF - I improves growth and GFR in rats with chronic <span class="chemical">PAN</span> nephropathy and 2 ) unlike rhGH , long - term use of rhIGF - I does not worsen renal functional and structural injury in this disease model . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nefiracetam ( DM - 9384 ) reverses apomorphine - induced amnesia of a passive avoidance response : delayed emergence of the memory retention effects .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Nefiracetam</span> ( <span class="chemical">DM - 9384</span> ) reverses <span class="chemical">apomorphine</span> - induced amnesia of a passive avoidance response : delayed emergence of the memory retention effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nefiracetam is a novel pyrrolidone derivative which attenuates scopolamine - induced learning and post - training consolidation deficits .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Nefiracetam</span> is a novel <span class="chemical">pyrrolidone</span> derivative which attenuates <span class="chemical">scopolamine</span> - induced learning and post - training consolidation deficits . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Given that apomorphine inhibits passive avoidance retention when given during training or in a defined 10 - 12h post - training period , we evaluated the ability of nefiracetam to attenuate amnesia induced by dopaminergic agonism .
### Output Text: | Given that <span class="chemical">apomorphine</span> inhibits passive avoidance retention when given during training or in a defined 10 - 12h post - training period , we evaluated the ability of <span class="chemical">nefiracetam</span> to attenuate amnesia induced by dopaminergic agonism . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A step - down passive avoidance paradigm was employed and nefiracetam ( 3 mg / kg ) and apomorphine ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) were given alone or in combination during training and at the 10 - 12h post - training period of consolidation .
### Output Text: | A step - down passive avoidance paradigm was employed and <span class="chemical">nefiracetam</span> ( 3 mg / kg ) and <span class="chemical">apomorphine</span> ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) were given alone or in combination during training and at the 10 - 12h post - training period of consolidation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Co - administration of nefiracetam and apomorphine during training or 10h thereafter produced no significant anti - amnesic effect .
### Output Text: | Co - administration of <span class="chemical">nefiracetam</span> and <span class="chemical">apomorphine</span> during training or 10h thereafter produced no significant anti - amnesic effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , administration of nefiracetam during training completely reversed the amnesia induced by apomorphine at the 10h post - training time and the converse was also true .
### Output Text: | However , administration of <span class="chemical">nefiracetam</span> during training completely reversed the amnesia induced by <span class="chemical">apomorphine</span> at the 10h post - training time and the converse was also true . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These effects were not mediated by a dopaminergic mechanism as nefiracetam , at millimolar concentrations , failed to displace either [ 3H ] SCH 23390 or [ 3H ] spiperone binding from D1 or D2 dopamine receptor subtypes , respectively .
### Output Text: | These effects were not mediated by a dopaminergic mechanism as <span class="chemical">nefiracetam</span> , at millimolar concentrations , failed to displace either [ 3H ] <span class="chemical">SCH 23390</span> or [ 3H ] <span class="chemical">spiperone</span> binding from D1 or D2 <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> receptor subtypes , respectively . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: It is suggested that nefiracetam augments molecular processes in the early stages of events which ultimately lead to consolidation of memory .
### Output Text: | It is suggested that <span class="chemical">nefiracetam</span> augments molecular processes in the early stages of events which ultimately lead to consolidation of memory . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Phenytoin encephalopathy as probable idiosyncratic reaction : case report .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Phenytoin</span> encephalopathy as probable idiosyncratic reaction : case report . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A case of phenytoin ( DPH ) encephalopathy with increasing seizures and EEG and mental changes is described .
### Output Text: | A case of <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> ( <span class="chemical">DPH</span> ) encephalopathy with increasing seizures and EEG and mental changes is described . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Despite adequate oral dosage of DPH ( 5 mg / kg / daily ) the plasma level was very low ( 2 . 8 microgramg / ml ) .
### Output Text: | Despite adequate oral dosage of <span class="chemical">DPH</span> ( 5 mg / kg / daily ) the plasma level was very low ( 2 . 8 microgramg / ml ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The encephalopathy was probably an idiosyncratic and not toxic or allergic reaction .
### Output Text: | The encephalopathy was probably an idiosyncratic and not toxic or allergic reaction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In fact the concentration of free DPH was normal , the patient presented a retarded morbilliform rash during DPH treatment , the protidogram was normal , and an intradermic DPH injection had no local effect .
### Output Text: | In fact the concentration of free <span class="chemical">DPH</span> was normal , the patient presented a retarded morbilliform rash during <span class="chemical">DPH</span> treatment , the protidogram was normal , and an intradermic <span class="chemical">DPH</span> injection had no local effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The authors conclude that in a patient starting DPH treatment an unexpected increase in seizures , with EEG and mental changes occurring simultaneously , should alert the physician to the possible need for eliminating DPH from the therapeutic regimen , even if plasma concentrations are low .
### Output Text: | The authors conclude that in a patient starting <span class="chemical">DPH</span> treatment an unexpected increase in seizures , with EEG and mental changes occurring simultaneously , should alert the physician to the possible need for eliminating <span class="chemical">DPH</span> from the therapeutic regimen , even if plasma concentrations are low . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Prevention and treatment of endometrial disease in climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy .
### Output Text: | Prevention and treatment of endometrial disease in climacteric women receiving <span class="chemical">oestrogen</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The treatment regimens are described in 74 patients with endometrial disease among 850 climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy .
### Output Text: | The treatment regimens are described in 74 patients with endometrial disease among 850 climacteric women receiving <span class="chemical">oestrogen</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cystic hyperplasia was associated with unopposed oestrogen therapy without progestagen .
### Output Text: | Cystic hyperplasia was associated with unopposed <span class="chemical">oestrogen</span> therapy without <span class="chemical">progestagen</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Two courses of 21 days of 5 mg norethisterone daily caused reversion to normal in all 57 cases of cystic hyperplasia and 6 of the 8 cases of atypical hyperplasia .
### Output Text: | Two courses of 21 days of 5 mg <span class="chemical">norethisterone</span> daily caused reversion to normal in all 57 cases of cystic hyperplasia and 6 of the 8 cases of atypical hyperplasia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 4 cases of endometrial carcinoma referred from elsewhere demonstrated the problems of inappropriate and unsupervised unopposed oestrogen therapy and the difficulty in distinguishing severe hyperplasia from malignancy .
### Output Text: | 4 cases of endometrial carcinoma referred from elsewhere demonstrated the problems of inappropriate and unsupervised unopposed <span class="chemical">oestrogen</span> therapy and the difficulty in distinguishing severe hyperplasia from malignancy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cyclical low - dose oestrogen therapy with 7 - - 13 days of progestagen does not seem to increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma .
### Output Text: | Cyclical low - dose <span class="chemical">oestrogen</span> therapy with 7 - - 13 days of <span class="chemical">progestagen</span> does not seem to increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Effects of exercise on the severity of isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction .
### Output Text: | Effects of exercise on the severity of <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> - induced myocardial infarction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The effect of exercise on the severity of isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction was studied in male rats .
### Output Text: | The effect of exercise on the severity of <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> - induced myocardial infarction was studied in male rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Ninety - three rats were randomly divided into three groups .
### Output Text: | Ninety - three rats were randomly divided into three groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The exercise - isoproterenol ( E - 1 ) and exercise control ( EC ) groups exercised daily for thirty days on a treadmill at 1 mph , 2 % grade while animals of the sedentary - isoproterenol ( S - I ) group remained sedentary .
### Output Text: | The exercise - <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> ( E - 1 ) and exercise control ( EC ) groups exercised daily for thirty days on a treadmill at 1 mph , 2 % grade while animals of the sedentary - <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> ( S - I ) group remained sedentary . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Eight animals were assigned to the sedentary control ( SC ) group which remained sedentary throughout the experimental period .
### Output Text: | Eight animals were assigned to the sedentary control ( SC ) group which remained sedentary throughout the experimental period . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Forty - eight hours after the final exercise period , S - I and E - I animals received a single subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol ( 250 mg / kg body weight ) .
### Output Text: | Forty - eight hours after the final exercise period , S - I and E - I animals received a single subcutaneous injection of <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> ( 250 mg / kg body weight ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Animals of the S - I group exhibited significantly ( Pp less than 0 . 05 ) greater mortality from the effects of isoproterenol than animals of the E - I group .
### Output Text: | Animals of the S - I group exhibited significantly ( Pp less than 0 . 05 ) greater mortality from the effects of <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> than animals of the E - I group . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Serum CPK activity for E - I animals was significantly ( p less than 0 . 05 ) greater than for animals in the S - I and EC groups twenty hours following isoproterenol injection .
### Output Text: | Serum CPK activity for E - I animals was significantly ( p less than 0 . 05 ) greater than for animals in the S - I and EC groups twenty hours following <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> injection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: No statistically significant differences were observed between the two isoproterenol treated groups for severity of the induced lesions , changes in heart weight , or heart weight to body weight ratios .
### Output Text: | No statistically significant differences were observed between the two <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> treated groups for severity of the induced lesions , changes in heart weight , or heart weight to body weight ratios . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results indicated that exercise reduced the mortality associated with the effects of large dosages of isoproterenol but had little on the severity of the infarction .
### Output Text: | The results indicated that exercise reduced the mortality associated with the effects of large dosages of <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> but had little on the severity of the infarction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Human corticotropin - releasing hormone and thyrotropin - releasing hormone modulate the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans .
### Output Text: | Human <span class="chemical">corticotropin</span> - releasing hormone and <span class="chemical">thyrotropin</span> - releasing hormone modulate the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Human corticotropin - releasing hormone ( hCRH ) and thyrotropin - releasing hormone ( TRH ) are known to stimulate ventilation after i . v . administration in humans .
### Output Text: | Human <span class="chemical">corticotropin</span> - releasing hormone ( hCRH ) and <span class="chemical">thyrotropin</span> - releasing hormone ( TRH ) are known to stimulate ventilation after i . v . administration in humans . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In a placebo - controlled , single - blind study we aimed to clarify if both peptides act by altering central chemosensitivity .
### Output Text: | In a placebo - controlled , single - blind study we aimed to clarify if both peptides act by altering central chemosensitivity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Two subsequent CO2 - rebreathing tests were performed in healthy young volunteers .
### Output Text: | Two subsequent <span class="chemical">CO2</span> - rebreathing tests were performed in healthy young volunteers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: During the first test 0 . 9 % NaCl was given i . v . ; during the second test 200 micrograms of hCRH ( n = 12 ) or 400 micrograms of TRH ( n = 6 ) was administered i . v . Nine subjects received 0 . 9 % NaCl i . v . during both rebreathing manoeuvres .
### Output Text: | During the first test 0 . 9 % <span class="chemical">NaCl</span> was given i . v . ; during the second test 200 micrograms of hCRH ( n = 12 ) or 400 micrograms of TRH ( n = 6 ) was administered i . v . Nine subjects received 0 . 9 % <span class="chemical">NaCl</span> i . v . during both rebreathing manoeuvres . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The CO2 - response curves for the two tests were compared within the same subject .
### Output Text: | The <span class="chemical">CO2</span> - response curves for the two tests were compared within the same subject . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the hCRH group a marked parallel shift of the CO2 - response curve to the left was observed after hCRH ( P < 0 . 01 ) .
### Output Text: | In the hCRH group a marked parallel shift of the <span class="chemical">CO2</span> - response curve to the left was observed after hCRH ( P < 0 . 01 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The same effect occurred following TRH but was less striking ( P = 0 . 05 ) .
### Output Text: | The same effect occurred following TRH but was less striking ( P = 0 . 05 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: hCRH and TRH caused a reduction in the CO2 threshold .
### Output Text: | hCRH and TRH caused a reduction in the <span class="chemical">CO2</span> threshold . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The CO2 - response curves in the control group were nearly identical .
### Output Text: | The <span class="chemical">CO2</span> - response curves in the control group were nearly identical . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results indicate an additive effect of both releasing hormones on the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans , presumably independent of central chemosensitivity .
### Output Text: | The results indicate an additive effect of both releasing hormones on the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans , presumably independent of central chemosensitivity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Lamivudine is effective in suppressing hepatitis B virus DNA in Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen carriers : a placebo - controlled trial .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Lamivudine</span> is effective in suppressing hepatitis B virus DNA in Chinese <span class="chemical">hepatitis B surface antigen</span> carriers : a placebo - controlled trial . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Lamivudine is a novel 2 ' , 3 ' - dideoxy cytosine analogue that has potent inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Lamivudine</span> is a novel <span class="chemical">2 ' , 3 ' - dideoxy cytosine</span> analogue that has potent inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We performed a single - blind , placebo - controlled study to assess its effectiveness and safety in Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) carriers .
### Output Text: | We performed a single - blind , placebo - controlled study to assess its effectiveness and safety in Chinese <span class="chemical">hepatitis B surface antigen</span> ( <span class="chemical">HBsAg</span> ) carriers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Forty - two Chinese HBsAg carriers were randomized to receive placebo ( 6 patients ) or lamivudine orally in dosages of 25 mg , 100 mg , or 300 mg daily ( 12 patients for each dosage ) .
### Output Text: | Forty - two Chinese <span class="chemical">HBsAg</span> carriers were randomized to receive placebo ( 6 patients ) or <span class="chemical">lamivudine</span> orally in dosages of 25 mg , 100 mg , or 300 mg daily ( 12 patients for each dosage ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The drug was given for 4 weeks .
### Output Text: | The drug was given for 4 weeks . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The patients were closely monitored clinically , biochemically , and serologically up to 4 weeks after drug treatment .
### Output Text: | The patients were closely monitored clinically , biochemically , and serologically up to 4 weeks after drug treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: All 36 patients receiving lamivudine had a decrease in hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA values of > 90 % ( P < . 001 compared with placebo ) .
### Output Text: | All 36 patients receiving <span class="chemical">lamivudine</span> had a decrease in hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA values of > 90 % ( P < . 001 compared with placebo ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Although 25 mg of lamivudine was slightly less effective than 100 mg ( P = . 011 ) and 300 mg ( P = . 005 ) , it still induced 94 % suppression of HBV DNA after the fourth week of therapy .
### Output Text: | Although 25 mg of <span class="chemical">lamivudine</span> was slightly less effective than 100 mg ( P = . 011 ) and 300 mg ( P = . 005 ) , it still induced 94 % suppression of HBV DNA after the fourth week of therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: HBV DNA values returned to pretreatment levels within 4 weeks of cessation of therapy .
### Output Text: | HBV DNA values returned to pretreatment levels within 4 weeks of cessation of therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There was no change in the hepatitis B e antigen status or in aminotransferase levels .
### Output Text: | There was no change in the hepatitis B e antigen status or in aminotransferase levels . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: No serious adverse events were observed .
### Output Text: | No serious adverse events were observed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In conclusion , a 4 - week course of lamivudine was safe and effective in suppression of HBV DNA in Chinese HBsAg carriers .
### Output Text: | In conclusion , a 4 - week course of <span class="chemical">lamivudine</span> was safe and effective in suppression of HBV DNA in Chinese <span class="chemical">HBsAg</span> carriers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The suppression was > 90 % but reversible .
### Output Text: | The suppression was > 90 % but reversible . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Studies with long - term lamivudine administration should be performed to determine if prolonged suppression of HBV DNA can be achieved .
### Output Text: | Studies with long - term <span class="chemical">lamivudine</span> administration should be performed to determine if prolonged suppression of HBV DNA can be achieved . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Population - based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various oral contraceptives .
### Output Text: | Population - based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various <span class="chemical">oral contraceptives</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Four studies published since December , 1995 , reported that the incidence of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) was higher in women who used oral contraceptives ( OCs ) containing the third - generation progestagens gestodene or desogestrel than in users of OCs containing second - generation progestagens .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Four studies published since December , 1995 , reported that the incidence of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) was higher in women who used <span class="chemical">oral contraceptives</span> ( <span class="chemical">OCs</span> ) containing the third - generation <span class="chemical">progestagens</span> <span class="chemical">gestodene</span> or <span class="chemical">desogestrel</span> than in users of <span class="chemical">OCs</span> containing second - generation <span class="chemical">progestagens</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , confounding and bias in the design of these studies may have affected the findings .
### Output Text: | However , confounding and bias in the design of these studies may have affected the findings . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The aim of our study was to re - examine the association between risk of VTE and OC use with a different study design and analysis to avoid some of the bias and confounding of the earlier studies .
### Output Text: | The aim of our study was to re - examine the association between risk of VTE and <span class="chemical">OC</span> use with a different study design and analysis to avoid some of the bias and confounding of the earlier studies . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : We used computer records of patients from 143 general practices in the UK .
### Output Text: | METHODS : We used computer records of patients from 143 general practices in the UK . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The study was based on the medical records of about 540 , 000 women born between 1941 and 1981 .
### Output Text: | The study was based on the medical records of about 540 , 000 women born between 1941 and 1981 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: All women who had a recorded diagnosis of deep - vein thrombosis , venous thrombosis not otherwise specified , or pulmonary embolus during the study period , and who had been treated with an anticoagulant were identified as potential cases of VTE .
### Output Text: | All women who had a recorded diagnosis of deep - vein thrombosis , venous thrombosis not otherwise specified , or pulmonary embolus during the study period , and who had been treated with an anticoagulant were identified as potential cases of VTE . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We did a cohort analysis to estimate and compare incidence of VTE in users of the main OC preparations , and a nested case - control study to calculate the odds ratios of VTE associated with use of different types of OC , after adjustment for potential confounding factors .
### Output Text: | We did a cohort analysis to estimate and compare incidence of VTE in users of the main <span class="chemical">OC</span> preparations , and a nested case - control study to calculate the odds ratios of VTE associated with use of different types of <span class="chemical">OC</span> , after adjustment for potential confounding factors . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the case - control study , we matched cases to controls by exact year of birth , practice , and current use of OCs .
### Output Text: | In the case - control study , we matched cases to controls by exact year of birth , practice , and current use of <span class="chemical">OCs</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We used a multiple logistic regression model that included body - mass index , number of cycles , change in type of OC prescribed within 3 months of the event , previous pregnancy , and concurrent disease .
### Output Text: | We used a multiple logistic regression model that included body - mass index , number of cycles , change in type of <span class="chemical">OC</span> prescribed within 3 months of the event , previous pregnancy , and concurrent disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: FINDINGS : 85 women met the inclusion criteria for VTE , two of whom were users of progestagen - only OCs .
### Output Text: | FINDINGS : 85 women met the inclusion criteria for VTE , two of whom were users of <span class="chemical">progestagen</span> - only <span class="chemical">OCs</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Of the 83 cases of VTE associated with use of combined OCs , 43 were recorded as deep - vein thrombosis , 35 as pulmonary thrombosis , and five as venous thrombosis not otherwise specified .
### Output Text: | Of the 83 cases of VTE associated with use of combined <span class="chemical">OCs</span> , 43 were recorded as deep - vein thrombosis , 35 as pulmonary thrombosis , and five as venous thrombosis not otherwise specified . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The crude rate of VTE per 10 , 000 woman - years was 4 . 10 in current users of any OC , 3 . 10 in users of second - generation OCs , and 4 . 96 in users of third - generation preparations .
### Output Text: | The crude rate of VTE per 10 , 000 woman - years was 4 . 10 in current users of any <span class="chemical">OC</span> , 3 . 10 in users of second - generation <span class="chemical">OCs</span> , and 4 . 96 in users of third - generation preparations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After adjustment for age , the rate ratio of VTE in users of third - generation relative to second - generation OCs was 1 . 68 ( 95 % CI 1 . 04 - 2 . 75 ) .
### Output Text: | After adjustment for age , the rate ratio of VTE in users of third - generation relative to second - generation <span class="chemical">OCs</span> was 1 . 68 ( 95 % CI 1 . 04 - 2 . 75 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Logistic regression showed no significant difference in the risk of VTE between users of third - generation and second - generation OCs .
### Output Text: | Logistic regression showed no significant difference in the risk of VTE between users of third - generation and second - generation <span class="chemical">OCs</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Among users of third - generation progestagens , the risk of VTE was higher in users of desogestrel with 20 g ethinyloestradiol than in users of gestodene or desogestrel with 30 g ethinyloestradiol .
### Output Text: | Among users of third - generation <span class="chemical">progestagens</span> , the risk of VTE was higher in users of <span class="chemical">desogestrel</span> with 20 g <span class="chemical">ethinyloestradiol</span> than in users of <span class="chemical">gestodene</span> or <span class="chemical">desogestrel</span> with 30 g <span class="chemical">ethinyloestradiol</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: With all second - generation OCs as the reference , the odds ratios for VTE were 3 . 49 ( 1 . 21 - 10 . 12 ) for desogestrel plus 20 g ethinyloestradiol and 1 . 18 ( 0 . 66 - 2 . 17 ) for the other third - generation progestagens .
### Output Text: | With all second - generation <span class="chemical">OCs</span> as the reference , the odds ratios for VTE were 3 . 49 ( 1 . 21 - 10 . 12 ) for <span class="chemical">desogestrel</span> plus 20 g <span class="chemical">ethinyloestradiol</span> and 1 . 18 ( 0 . 66 - 2 . 17 ) for the other third - generation <span class="chemical">progestagens</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: INTERPRETATION : The previously reported increase in odds ratio associated with third - generation OCs when compared with second - generation products is likely to have been the result of residual confounding by age .
### Output Text: | INTERPRETATION : The previously reported increase in odds ratio associated with third - generation <span class="chemical">OCs</span> when compared with second - generation products is likely to have been the result of residual confounding by age . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The increased odds ratio associated with products containing 20 micrograms ethinyloestradiol and desogestrel compared with the 30 micrograms product is biologically implausible , and is likely to be the result of preferential prescribing and , thus , confounding .
### Output Text: | The increased odds ratio associated with products containing 20 micrograms <span class="chemical">ethinyloestradiol</span> and <span class="chemical">desogestrel</span> compared with the 30 micrograms product is biologically implausible , and is likely to be the result of preferential prescribing and , thus , confounding . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: MK - 801 augments pilocarpine - induced electrographic seizure but protects against brain damage in rats .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> augments <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - induced electrographic seizure but protects against brain damage in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 1 .
### Output Text: | 1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The authors examined the anticonvulsant effects of MK - 801 on the pilocarpine - induced seizure model .
### Output Text: | The authors examined the anticonvulsant effects of <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> on the <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - induced seizure model . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine ( 400 mg / kg ) induced tonic and clonic seizure .
### Output Text: | Intraperitoneal injection of <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> ( 400 mg / kg ) induced tonic and clonic seizure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Scopolamine ( 10 mg / kg ) and pentobarbital ( 5 mg / kg ) prevented development of pilocarpine - induced behavioral seizure but MK - 801 ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) did not .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Scopolamine</span> ( 10 mg / kg ) and <span class="chemical">pentobarbital</span> ( 5 mg / kg ) prevented development of <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - induced behavioral seizure but <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) did not . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 2 .
### Output Text: | 2 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: An electrical seizure measured with hippocampal EEG appeared in the pilocarpine - treated group .
### Output Text: | An electrical seizure measured with hippocampal EEG appeared in the <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - treated group . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Scopolamine and pentobarbital blocked the pilocarpine - induced electrographic seizure , MK - 801 treatment augmented the electrographic seizure induced by pilocarpine .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Scopolamine</span> and <span class="chemical">pentobarbital</span> blocked the <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - induced electrographic seizure , <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> treatment augmented the electrographic seizure induced by <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 3 .
### Output Text: | 3 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Brain damage was assessed by examining the hippocampus microscopically .
### Output Text: | Brain damage was assessed by examining the hippocampus microscopically . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pilocarpine produced neuronal death in the hippocampus , which showed pyknotic changes .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Pilocarpine</span> produced neuronal death in the hippocampus , which showed pyknotic changes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pentobarbital , scopolamine and MK - 801 protected the brain damage by pilocarpine , though in the MK - 801 - treated group , the pyramidal cells of hippocampus appeared darker than normal .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Pentobarbital</span> , <span class="chemical">scopolamine</span> and <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> protected the brain damage by <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> , though in the <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> - treated group , the pyramidal cells of hippocampus appeared darker than normal . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In all treatments , granule cells of the dentate gyrus were not affected .
### Output Text: | In all treatments , granule cells of the dentate gyrus were not affected . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 4 .
### Output Text: | 4 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These results indicate that status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine is initiated by cholinergic overstimulation and propagated by glutamatergic transmission , the elevation of which may cause brain damage through an excitatory NMDA receptor - mediated mechanism .
### Output Text: | These results indicate that status epilepticus induced by <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> is initiated by cholinergic overstimulation and propagated by glutamatergic transmission , the elevation of which may cause brain damage through an excitatory <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> receptor - mediated mechanism . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Paclitaxel , 5 - fluorouracil , and folinic acid in metastatic breast cancer : BRE - 26 , a phase II trial .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Paclitaxel</span> , <span class="chemical">5 - fluorouracil</span> , and <span class="chemical">folinic acid</span> in metastatic breast cancer : BRE - 26 , a phase II trial . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 5 - Fluorouracil plus folinic acid and paclitaxel ( Taxol ; Bristol - Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , NJ ) are effective salvage therapies for metastatic breast cancer patients .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">5 - Fluorouracil</span> plus <span class="chemical">folinic acid</span> and <span class="chemical">paclitaxel</span> ( <span class="chemical">Taxol</span> ; Bristol - Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , NJ ) are effective salvage therapies for metastatic breast cancer patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Paclitaxel and 5 - fluorouracil have additive cytotoxicity in MCF - 7 cell lines .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Paclitaxel</span> and <span class="chemical">5 - fluorouracil</span> have additive cytotoxicity in MCF - 7 cell lines . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We performed a phase II trial of paclitaxel 175 mg / m2 over 3 hours on day I followed by folinic acid 300 mg over 1 hour before 5 - fluorouracil 350 mg / m2 on days 1 to 3 every 28 days ( TFL ) in women with metastatic breast cancer .
### Output Text: | We performed a phase II trial of <span class="chemical">paclitaxel</span> 175 mg / m2 over 3 hours on day I followed by <span class="chemical">folinic acid</span> 300 mg over 1 hour before <span class="chemical">5 - fluorouracil</span> 350 mg / m2 on days 1 to 3 every 28 days ( TFL ) in women with metastatic breast cancer . |
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