mihirhirave/entity_extraction_ade_v2_with_validation

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Azathioprine can cause severe myelosuppression.	[ { "ade": "myelosuppression", "drug": "Azathioprine" } ]
DESIGN: We reviewed the medical records of four patients, who were seen by us between July 2000 and February 2004 for sudden onset of a central neurological syndrome within days of intrathecal MTX.	[ { "ade": "central neurological syndrome", "drug": "MTX" } ]
The spectrum of nitrofurantoin lung injury continues to widen.	[ { "ade": "lung injury", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" } ]
Cerebral edema associated with Gliadel wafers: two case studies.	[ { "ade": "Cerebral edema", "drug": "Gliadel" } ]
The possibility of severe rhabdomyolysis should be considered in a patient with water intoxication due to massive ingestion of caffeine-containing beverages.	[ { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "caffeine" }, { "ade": "water intoxication", "drug": "caffeine" } ]
We present a 20-year-old woman with Basedow-Graves' disease who developed PTU-induced fulminant hepatitis, which progressed to acute hepatic failure with grade III hepatic encephalopathy.	[ { "ade": "fulminant hepatitis", "drug": "PTU" } ]
Restless legs syndrome may thus be an adverse effect of IFN alpha treatment.	[ { "ade": "Restless legs syndrome", "drug": "IFN alpha" } ]
Oxygen potentiation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity is discussed.	[ { "ade": "pulmonary toxicity", "drug": "Oxygen" }, { "ade": "pulmonary toxicity", "drug": "bleomycin" } ]
One week after the initial-dose of adalimumab (160 mg), which was initiated due to an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease, the patient developed a fulminant cardiomyopathy.	[ { "ade": "fulminant cardiomyopathy", "drug": "adalimumab" } ]
After five and six weeks of continuous oral administration of methylprednisolone, the boys developed steroid diabetes.	[ { "ade": "steroid diabetes", "drug": "methylprednisolone" } ]
The exact mechanism of IVIG-associated acute renal failure remains unclear.	[ { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "IVIG" } ]
We present a case of severe unilateral posterior scleritis associated with zoledronic acid administration that was recognized and treated in a timely manner.	[ { "ade": "severe unilateral posterior scleritis", "drug": "zoledronic acid" } ]
Acute coronary events following cisplatin-based chemotherapy.	[ { "ade": "Acute coronary events", "drug": "cisplatin" } ]
A case of skeletal fluorosis induced by prolonged treatment with niflumic acid, a fast-acting non-steroid antiinflammatory agent, is reported in a 35-year-old woman suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and treated, in addition, with corticosteroids.	[ { "ade": "skeletal fluorosis", "drug": "niflumic acid" } ]
The psychotic behavior resolved completely soon after the discontinuation of levetiracetam.	[ { "ade": "psychotic behavior", "drug": "levetiracetam" } ]
We present a fatal case of subacute methanol toxicity with associated diffuse brain involvement, including bilateral putaminal necrosis and cerebral edema with ventricular compression.	[ { "ade": "cerebral edema", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "ventricular compression", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "diffuse brain involvement", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "bilateral putaminal necrosis", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "fatal", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "methanol toxicity", "drug": "methanol" } ]
Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) may precipitate or exacerbate the occurrence of MPGN.	[ { "ade": "MPGN", "drug": "Interferon-alpha" }, { "ade": "MPGN", "drug": "IFN-alpha" } ]
We report four cases of sensorimotor axonal neuropathy in children aged 10-15 years, treated with thalidomide for myxopapillary ependymoma, Crohn's disease and recurrent giant aphthous ulceration.	[ { "ade": "sensorimotor axonal neuropathy", "drug": "thalidomide" } ]
Unexpected severe reversible cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and tubulointerstitial renal disease.	[ { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "cyclosporine A" } ]
Divalproex sodium-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion.	[ { "ade": "eosinophilic pleural effusion", "drug": "Divalproex sodium" } ]
Although visual hallucinations have not been reported as an adverse effect of this agent, we describe three patients who experienced complex visual hallucinations and altered mental status after zonisamide treatment was begun or its dosage increased.	[ { "ade": "altered mental status", "drug": "zonisamide" }, { "ade": "visual hallucinations", "drug": "zonisamide" } ]
The patient developed occipital infarcts and was found to have extremely elevated levels of PPA in his blood and dialysis fluid.	[ { "ade": "occipital infarcts", "drug": "PPA" }, { "ade": "extremely elevated levels of PPA", "drug": "PPA" } ]
It is concluded that the aforementioned pathological manifestations were due to chemotherapy and included a pulmonary adverse reaction, a feature never previously associated with oxaliplatinum and 5-fluorouracil regimens.	[ { "ade": "pulmonary adverse reaction", "drug": "oxaliplatinum" }, { "ade": "pulmonary adverse reaction", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]
Acute asymptomatic hepatitis in a healthy normal volunteer exposed to 2 oral doses of amodiaquine and artesunate.	[ { "ade": "asymptomatic hepatitis", "drug": "amodiaquine" }, { "ade": "asymptomatic hepatitis", "drug": "artesunate" } ]
Hepatic reactions to cyclofenil.	[ { "ade": "Hepatic reactions", "drug": "cyclofenil" } ]
Two patients are described in whom subtle cognitive impairments are associated with therapeutic doses of amoxapine.	[ { "ade": "cognitive impairments", "drug": "amoxapine" } ]
Isoniazid and ethambutol as a cause of optic neuropathy.	[ { "ade": "optic neuropathy", "drug": "Isoniazid" }, { "ade": "optic neuropathy", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]
We describe a case of clozapine-induced seizures in a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.	[ { "ade": "seizures", "drug": "clozapine" } ]
The association of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) with lithium use is rare.	[ { "ade": "central diabetes insipidus", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "CDI", "drug": "lithium" } ]
After 39 hours on argatroban, the infusion was stopped when minor bleeding was observed with a concurrent activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 100 seconds.	[ { "ade": "bleeding", "drug": "argatroban" } ]
We report the case of a lung cancer patient with bronquiloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) presenting with BOOP after chemotherapy with docetaxel and gemcitabine producing severe respiratory insufficiency, and simulating a progression of the tumor.	[ { "ade": "severe respiratory insufficiency", "drug": "docetaxel" }, { "ade": "severe respiratory insufficiency", "drug": "gemcitabine" }, { "ade": "progression of the tumor", "drug": "gemcitabine" }, { "ade": "BOOP", "drug": "docetaxel" }, { "ade": "BOOP", "drug": "gemcitabine" }, { "ade": "progression of the tumor", "drug": "docetaxel" } ]
Acute renal failure following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a HIV-infected patient.	[ { "ade": "Acute renal failure", "drug": "immunoglobulin" } ]
It was hypothesized that valproic acid may interfere with glucuronidation of lamotrigine, leading to increased serum lamotrigine levels, or perhaps alter the drug's metabolism, resulting in accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite.	[ { "ade": "accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite", "drug": "lamotrigine" }, { "ade": "increased serum lamotrigine levels", "drug": "lamotrigine" }, { "ade": "increased serum lamotrigine levels", "drug": "valproic acid" }, { "ade": "accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite", "drug": "valproic acid" } ]
Erosion of psoriatic plaques after chronic methotrexate administration.	[ { "ade": "Erosion of psoriatic plaques", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
It is well-recognized that flucloxacillin may occasionally result in fatal hepatic injury.	[ { "ade": "fatal hepatic injury", "drug": "flucloxacillin" } ]
Neonatal mydriasis: intravenous lidocaine adverse reaction.	[ { "ade": "mydriasis", "drug": "lidocaine" } ]
Eruptive epidermoid cysts resulting from treatment with imiquimod.	[ { "ade": "Eruptive epidermoid cysts", "drug": "imiquimod" } ]
The use of beclomethasone diproprionate inhaler complicated by the development of an eosinophilic pneumonia reaction.	[ { "ade": "eosinophilic pneumonia reaction", "drug": "beclomethasone diproprionate" } ]
L-asparaginase-induced severe necrotizing pancreatitis successfully treated with percutaneous drainage.	[ { "ade": "severe necrotizing pancreatitis", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]
While on a maximal dose of phenylephrine she developed prominent positive U waves, which disappeared with the cessation of the drug.	[ { "ade": "positive U waves", "drug": "phenylephrine" } ]
After seven months' continuous treatment for suspected tuberculosis with rifampicin and ethambutol a nine-year-old boy developed polyarthritis, rash and hepatitis in association with anti-native DNA antibodies and positive antinuclear factor.	[ { "ade": "rash", "drug": "ethambutol" }, { "ade": "polyarthritis", "drug": "ethambutol" }, { "ade": "hepatitis", "drug": "ethambutol" }, { "ade": "anti-native DNA antibodies", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]
Observations in our patient suggest that the leukoencephalopathy that developed in previously reported patients who received 5-fluorouracil and levamisole may have been caused at least partly by levamisole.	[ { "ade": "leukoencephalopathy", "drug": "levamisole" }, { "ade": "leukoencephalopathy", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]
Rapid identification of speech loss linked to FK506 may be important because reduction or cessation of the drug may be associated with reverse of speech loss.	[ { "ade": "speech loss", "drug": "FK506" } ]
A short review on imatinib-related hepatotoxicity is also presented.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "imatinib" } ]
Tiagabine overdose causes an unusual array of neurological symptoms, many similar to reported adverse effects during therapeutic use.	[ { "ade": "unusual array of neurological symptoms", "drug": "Tiagabine" } ]
We report a case of a 23-year-old man who developed a vancomycin-induced anaphylactic reaction in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.	[ { "ade": "anaphylactic reaction", "drug": "vancomycin" } ]
Widespread cutaneous vasculitis associated with diltiazem.	[ { "ade": "cutaneous vasculitis", "drug": "diltiazem" } ]
Hyperkalemia as a late side effect of prolonged adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy for infantile spasms.	[ { "ade": "Hyperkalemia", "drug": "adrenocorticotropic hormone" } ]
The authors report five cases of tremor related to itraconazole therapy, which occurred within 1-12 months of initiating treatment and resolved gradually following itraconazole withdrawal.	[ { "ade": "tremor", "drug": "itraconazole" } ]
Therefore, amantadine was permanently discontinued and the cornea cleared again.	[ { "ade": "cornea", "drug": "amantadine" } ]
However, prolongation of 5-FU half-life and an increase in INR have been reported with the concurrent use of 5-FU and warfarin.	[ { "ade": "increase in INR", "drug": "warfarin" }, { "ade": "increase in INR", "drug": "5-FU" } ]
Quinine and its isomer quinidine are well-known causes of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, due to excessive insulin secretion.	[ { "ade": "iatrogenic hypoglycaemia", "drug": "quinidine" }, { "ade": "iatrogenic hypoglycaemia", "drug": "Quinine" } ]
Paralytic ileus in patients undergoing bortezomib treatment has been reported, although a definite attribution to bortezomib administration has not been established.	[ { "ade": "Paralytic ileus", "drug": "bortezomib" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: This report indicates clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream as the most probable cause of CDIC due to the temporal relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and clindamycin administration, lack of concomitant medications, and documentation of C. difficile toxin.	[ { "ade": "CDIC", "drug": "clindamycin phosphate" }, { "ade": "C. difficile toxin", "drug": "clindamycin phosphate" }, { "ade": "C. difficile toxin", "drug": "clindamycin" }, { "ade": "diarrhea", "drug": "clindamycin phosphate" }, { "ade": "diarrhea", "drug": "clindamycin" }, { "ade": "CDIC", "drug": "clindamycin" } ]
The chemotherapeutics, including vincristine, actinomycin D, and epirubicin in case 1 and vincristine and actinomycin D in case 2, were given before the hepatotoxicity developed.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "actinomycin D" }, { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "vincristine" }, { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "epirubicin" } ]
The cause is presumed to be secondary to hypercoagulability due to asparaginase-induced antithrombin III deficiency.	[ { "ade": "antithrombin III deficiency", "drug": "asparaginase" } ]
Two heroin addicts, aged 34 and 19 years, developed ballistic movements after intravenous heroin overdose.	[ { "ade": "ballistic movements", "drug": "heroin" } ]
Acute drug induced hepatitis due to erlotinib.	[ { "ade": "hepatitis", "drug": "erlotinib" } ]
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in an adolescent receiving olanzapine-lithium combination therapy.	[ { "ade": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]
The disease predisposes to severe vincristine neurotoxicity.	[ { "ade": "vincristine neurotoxicity", "drug": "vincristine" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral administration of low-dose vasopressin for septic shock should be discouraged because of the risk of ischemic skin complications.	[ { "ade": "ischemic skin complications", "drug": "vasopressin" } ]
Cefuroxime-induced immune hemolysis.	[ { "ade": "immune hemolysis", "drug": "Cefuroxime" } ]
Second cancers including various types of hematological malignancy have been reported in patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with chemotherapy or interferon alfa.	[ { "ade": "Second cancers", "drug": "interferon alfa" }, { "ade": "hematological malignancy", "drug": "interferon alfa" } ]
We present the first case of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and endometriosis in a postmenopausal patient who was treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer.	[ { "ade": "endometriosis", "drug": "tamoxifen" }, { "ade": "ovarian endometrioid carcinoma", "drug": "tamoxifen" } ]
Dental and gingival pain as side effects of niacin therapy.	[ { "ade": "Dental and gingival pain", "drug": "niacin" } ]
Secondary hyperparathyroidism in certain patients with lithium nephrotoxicity is also possible.	[ { "ade": "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "lithium" } ]
The renal consequences of indinavir-associated nephrotoxicity are uncertain.	[ { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "indinavir" } ]
Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with darifenacin.	[ { "ade": "Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis", "drug": "darifenacin" } ]
Our report suggested that CBDCA hypersensitivity was correlated with the total dose of previously administered platinum agents and that CBDCA should be excluded in patients who have received multiple platinum-based chemotherapy, even in platinum-sensitive cases, because CBDCA hypersensitivity can occur even with low-dose CBDCA administration.	[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity", "drug": "CBDCA" } ]
A 53-year-old man developed lower leg edema 4 weeks after rosiglitazone was increased from 4 mg once/day to 4 mg twice/day.	[ { "ade": "lower leg edema", "drug": "rosiglitazone" } ]
We report the case of a young man, affected by rheumatoid arthritis who developed a rapid-onset short-of-breath, hemoptysis, and severe weakness, about 2 weeks after the administration of leflunomide.	[ { "ade": "hemoptysis", "drug": "leflunomide" }, { "ade": "short-of-breath", "drug": "leflunomide" }, { "ade": "severe weakness", "drug": "leflunomide" } ]
We reported a case of disulfiram-induced hepatitis with unique clinical features and compared our case with others in the literature.	[ { "ade": "hepatitis", "drug": "disulfiram" } ]
RESULTS: Evidence of neurological improvement and rehabilitation potential after severe myelopathy due to intrathecal injection of doxorubicin.	[ { "ade": "severe myelopathy", "drug": "doxorubicin" } ]
Quetiapine-induced leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.	[ { "ade": "leucopenia", "drug": "Quetiapine" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "Quetiapine" } ]
A study of in vitro reactivity to L-T4, as assessed by peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation, was carried out in a patient with Hashimoto's disease who developed leukopenia during treatment with L-T4.	[ { "ade": "leukopenia", "drug": "L-T4" } ]
Progressive pulmonary fibrosis complicating cyclophosphamide therapy.	[ { "ade": "Progressive pulmonary fibrosis", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]
Capecitabine-induced headache responding to diltiazem.	[ { "ade": "headache", "drug": "Capecitabine" } ]
Infliximab therapy may cause a lupus-like syndrome that is reversible upon discontinuing this agent.	[ { "ade": "lupus-like syndrome", "drug": "Infliximab" } ]
Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: report of five cases and review of the literature.	[ { "ade": "pneumonitis", "drug": "Methotrexate" } ]
Behavioral side effects associated with clonazepam may include agitation, aggression, hyperactivity, irritability, property destruction, and temper tantrums.	[ { "ade": "hyperactivity", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "irritability", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "agitation", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "property destruction", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "temper tantrums", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "aggression", "drug": "clonazepam" } ]
Ritonavir acted as a CYP3A4 inhibitor, diminishing carbamazepine metabolism and provoking an increase in serum levels and clinical toxicity.	[ { "ade": "clinical toxicity", "drug": "Ritonavir" }, { "ade": "diminishing carbamazepine metabolism", "drug": "Ritonavir" }, { "ade": "increase in serum levels", "drug": "Ritonavir" } ]
The Naranjo probability scale suggests a highly probable relationship between AIN and pantoprazole therapy in this patient.	[ { "ade": "AIN", "drug": "pantoprazole" } ]
Cyclosporine-induced pain syndrome in a child undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant.	[ { "ade": "pain syndrome", "drug": "Cyclosporine" } ]
Severe hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia during treatment with rosiglitazone.	[ { "ade": "Severe hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia", "drug": "rosiglitazone" } ]
AIM: Report of a case of a woman patient who developed celiac disease after pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin use for chronic hepatitis C.	[ { "ade": "celiac disease", "drug": "pegylated interferon alpha-2a" }, { "ade": "celiac disease", "drug": "ribavirin" } ]
After identification of the index patient, additional inquiry revealed that the patient's mother was hospitalized previously for overwhelming sepsis associated with metamizole use.	[ { "ade": "sepsis", "drug": "metamizole" } ]
Scleroderma in association with the use of bleomycin: a report of 3 cases.	[ { "ade": "Scleroderma", "drug": "bleomycin" } ]
Although taxol has shown significant activity in advanced ovarian cancer, peripheral neuropathy is likely to become the major dose-limiting toxicity.	[ { "ade": "peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "taxol" } ]
This experience supports the hypothesis that heparin can be readministered early to patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis, provided antiplatelet therapy is given.	[ { "ade": "thrombosis", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "heparin" } ]
Case report: lack of control of diabetes and weight gain in a patient on initiation and rechallenge of therapy with olanzapine.	[ { "ade": "weight gain", "drug": "olanzapine" }, { "ade": "diabetes", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]
We describe two patients with rheumatoid factor-positive, polyarticular-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in whom accelerated nodulosis developed during methotrexate therapy.	[ { "ade": "accelerated nodulosis", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
We report a case of acne fulminans occurring during treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid for cystic acne.	[ { "ade": "acne fulminans", "drug": "13-cis-retinoic acid" } ]
Tumor-volume increase at beginning of primary treatment with topical interferon alpha 2-beta in a case of conjunctiva-cornea intraepithelial neoplasia.	[ { "ade": "Tumor-volume increase", "drug": "interferon alpha 2-beta" } ]
Cefoxitin therapy for Mycobacterium fortuitum bacteremia with associated granulomatous hepatitis.	[ { "ade": "granulomatous hepatitis", "drug": "Cefoxitin" } ]
We report the first case of a patient in a promethazine-induced coma responding to treatment with flumazenil.	[ { "ade": "coma", "drug": "promethazine" } ]
Oesophageal ulceration due to emepronium bromide.	[ { "ade": "Oesophageal ulceration", "drug": "emepronium bromide" } ]
On the other hand, aspirin may have promoted the enlargement of spontaneous hemorrhage from meningioma.	[ { "ade": "enlargement of spontaneous hemorrhage", "drug": "aspirin" } ]
Skin necrosis secondary to low-molecular weight heparin in a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.	[ { "ade": "Skin necrosis", "drug": "low-molecular weight heparin" } ]
During her third cycle, she again received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 over 30 minutes and developed palmar pruritus, urticaria, and edema.	[ { "ade": "100 mg/m2", "drug": "cisplatin" }, { "ade": "palmar pruritus", "drug": "cisplatin" }, { "ade": "urticaria", "drug": "cisplatin" }, { "ade": "edema", "drug": "cisplatin" } ]
Patients from endemic areas referred to transplant centers may be at high risk for disseminated histoplasmosis when treated with long-term prednisone for graft-versus-host disease.	[ { "ade": "disseminated histoplasmosis", "drug": "prednisone" } ]

Azathioprine can cause severe myelosuppression.

[ { "ade": "myelosuppression", "drug": "Azathioprine" } ]

DESIGN: We reviewed the medical records of four patients, who were seen by us between July 2000 and February 2004 for sudden onset of a central neurological syndrome within days of intrathecal MTX.

[ { "ade": "central neurological syndrome", "drug": "MTX" } ]

The spectrum of nitrofurantoin lung injury continues to widen.

[ { "ade": "lung injury", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" } ]

Cerebral edema associated with Gliadel wafers: two case studies.

[ { "ade": "Cerebral edema", "drug": "Gliadel" } ]

The possibility of severe rhabdomyolysis should be considered in a patient with water intoxication due to massive ingestion of caffeine-containing beverages.

[ { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "caffeine" }, { "ade": "water intoxication", "drug": "caffeine" } ]

We present a 20-year-old woman with Basedow-Graves' disease who developed PTU-induced fulminant hepatitis, which progressed to acute hepatic failure with grade III hepatic encephalopathy.

[ { "ade": "fulminant hepatitis", "drug": "PTU" } ]

Restless legs syndrome may thus be an adverse effect of IFN alpha treatment.

[ { "ade": "Restless legs syndrome", "drug": "IFN alpha" } ]

Oxygen potentiation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity is discussed.

[ { "ade": "pulmonary toxicity", "drug": "Oxygen" }, { "ade": "pulmonary toxicity", "drug": "bleomycin" } ]

One week after the initial-dose of adalimumab (160 mg), which was initiated due to an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease, the patient developed a fulminant cardiomyopathy.

[ { "ade": "fulminant cardiomyopathy", "drug": "adalimumab" } ]

After five and six weeks of continuous oral administration of methylprednisolone, the boys developed steroid diabetes.

[ { "ade": "steroid diabetes", "drug": "methylprednisolone" } ]

The exact mechanism of IVIG-associated acute renal failure remains unclear.

[ { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "IVIG" } ]

We present a case of severe unilateral posterior scleritis associated with zoledronic acid administration that was recognized and treated in a timely manner.

[ { "ade": "severe unilateral posterior scleritis", "drug": "zoledronic acid" } ]

Acute coronary events following cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

[ { "ade": "Acute coronary events", "drug": "cisplatin" } ]

A case of skeletal fluorosis induced by prolonged treatment with niflumic acid, a fast-acting non-steroid antiinflammatory agent, is reported in a 35-year-old woman suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and treated, in addition, with corticosteroids.

[ { "ade": "skeletal fluorosis", "drug": "niflumic acid" } ]

The psychotic behavior resolved completely soon after the discontinuation of levetiracetam.

[ { "ade": "psychotic behavior", "drug": "levetiracetam" } ]

We present a fatal case of subacute methanol toxicity with associated diffuse brain involvement, including bilateral putaminal necrosis and cerebral edema with ventricular compression.

[ { "ade": "cerebral edema", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "ventricular compression", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "diffuse brain involvement", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "bilateral putaminal necrosis", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "fatal", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "methanol toxicity", "drug": "methanol" } ]

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) may precipitate or exacerbate the occurrence of MPGN.

[ { "ade": "MPGN", "drug": "Interferon-alpha" }, { "ade": "MPGN", "drug": "IFN-alpha" } ]

We report four cases of sensorimotor axonal neuropathy in children aged 10-15 years, treated with thalidomide for myxopapillary ependymoma, Crohn's disease and recurrent giant aphthous ulceration.

[ { "ade": "sensorimotor axonal neuropathy", "drug": "thalidomide" } ]

Unexpected severe reversible cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and tubulointerstitial renal disease.

[ { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "cyclosporine A" } ]

Divalproex sodium-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion.

[ { "ade": "eosinophilic pleural effusion", "drug": "Divalproex sodium" } ]

Although visual hallucinations have not been reported as an adverse effect of this agent, we describe three patients who experienced complex visual hallucinations and altered mental status after zonisamide treatment was begun or its dosage increased.

[ { "ade": "altered mental status", "drug": "zonisamide" }, { "ade": "visual hallucinations", "drug": "zonisamide" } ]

The patient developed occipital infarcts and was found to have extremely elevated levels of PPA in his blood and dialysis fluid.

[ { "ade": "occipital infarcts", "drug": "PPA" }, { "ade": "extremely elevated levels of PPA", "drug": "PPA" } ]

It is concluded that the aforementioned pathological manifestations were due to chemotherapy and included a pulmonary adverse reaction, a feature never previously associated with oxaliplatinum and 5-fluorouracil regimens.

[ { "ade": "pulmonary adverse reaction", "drug": "oxaliplatinum" }, { "ade": "pulmonary adverse reaction", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]

Acute asymptomatic hepatitis in a healthy normal volunteer exposed to 2 oral doses of amodiaquine and artesunate.

[ { "ade": "asymptomatic hepatitis", "drug": "amodiaquine" }, { "ade": "asymptomatic hepatitis", "drug": "artesunate" } ]

Hepatic reactions to cyclofenil.

[ { "ade": "Hepatic reactions", "drug": "cyclofenil" } ]

Two patients are described in whom subtle cognitive impairments are associated with therapeutic doses of amoxapine.

[ { "ade": "cognitive impairments", "drug": "amoxapine" } ]

Isoniazid and ethambutol as a cause of optic neuropathy.

[ { "ade": "optic neuropathy", "drug": "Isoniazid" }, { "ade": "optic neuropathy", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]

We describe a case of clozapine-induced seizures in a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

[ { "ade": "seizures", "drug": "clozapine" } ]

The association of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) with lithium use is rare.

[ { "ade": "central diabetes insipidus", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "CDI", "drug": "lithium" } ]

After 39 hours on argatroban, the infusion was stopped when minor bleeding was observed with a concurrent activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 100 seconds.

[ { "ade": "bleeding", "drug": "argatroban" } ]

We report the case of a lung cancer patient with bronquiloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) presenting with BOOP after chemotherapy with docetaxel and gemcitabine producing severe respiratory insufficiency, and simulating a progression of the tumor.

[ { "ade": "severe respiratory insufficiency", "drug": "docetaxel" }, { "ade": "severe respiratory insufficiency", "drug": "gemcitabine" }, { "ade": "progression of the tumor", "drug": "gemcitabine" }, { "ade": "BOOP", "drug": "docetaxel" }, { "ade": "BOOP", "drug": "gemcitabine" }, { "ade": "progression of the tumor", "drug": "docetaxel" } ]

Acute renal failure following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a HIV-infected patient.

[ { "ade": "Acute renal failure", "drug": "immunoglobulin" } ]

It was hypothesized that valproic acid may interfere with glucuronidation of lamotrigine, leading to increased serum lamotrigine levels, or perhaps alter the drug's metabolism, resulting in accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite.

[ { "ade": "accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite", "drug": "lamotrigine" }, { "ade": "increased serum lamotrigine levels", "drug": "lamotrigine" }, { "ade": "increased serum lamotrigine levels", "drug": "valproic acid" }, { "ade": "accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite", "drug": "valproic acid" } ]

Erosion of psoriatic plaques after chronic methotrexate administration.

[ { "ade": "Erosion of psoriatic plaques", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

It is well-recognized that flucloxacillin may occasionally result in fatal hepatic injury.

[ { "ade": "fatal hepatic injury", "drug": "flucloxacillin" } ]

Neonatal mydriasis: intravenous lidocaine adverse reaction.

[ { "ade": "mydriasis", "drug": "lidocaine" } ]

Eruptive epidermoid cysts resulting from treatment with imiquimod.

[ { "ade": "Eruptive epidermoid cysts", "drug": "imiquimod" } ]

The use of beclomethasone diproprionate inhaler complicated by the development of an eosinophilic pneumonia reaction.

[ { "ade": "eosinophilic pneumonia reaction", "drug": "beclomethasone diproprionate" } ]

L-asparaginase-induced severe necrotizing pancreatitis successfully treated with percutaneous drainage.

[ { "ade": "severe necrotizing pancreatitis", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]

While on a maximal dose of phenylephrine she developed prominent positive U waves, which disappeared with the cessation of the drug.

[ { "ade": "positive U waves", "drug": "phenylephrine" } ]

After seven months' continuous treatment for suspected tuberculosis with rifampicin and ethambutol a nine-year-old boy developed polyarthritis, rash and hepatitis in association with anti-native DNA antibodies and positive antinuclear factor.

[ { "ade": "rash", "drug": "ethambutol" }, { "ade": "polyarthritis", "drug": "ethambutol" }, { "ade": "hepatitis", "drug": "ethambutol" }, { "ade": "anti-native DNA antibodies", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]

Observations in our patient suggest that the leukoencephalopathy that developed in previously reported patients who received 5-fluorouracil and levamisole may have been caused at least partly by levamisole.

[ { "ade": "leukoencephalopathy", "drug": "levamisole" }, { "ade": "leukoencephalopathy", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]

Rapid identification of speech loss linked to FK506 may be important because reduction or cessation of the drug may be associated with reverse of speech loss.

[ { "ade": "speech loss", "drug": "FK506" } ]

A short review on imatinib-related hepatotoxicity is also presented.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "imatinib" } ]

Tiagabine overdose causes an unusual array of neurological symptoms, many similar to reported adverse effects during therapeutic use.

[ { "ade": "unusual array of neurological symptoms", "drug": "Tiagabine" } ]

We report a case of a 23-year-old man who developed a vancomycin-induced anaphylactic reaction in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

[ { "ade": "anaphylactic reaction", "drug": "vancomycin" } ]

Widespread cutaneous vasculitis associated with diltiazem.

[ { "ade": "cutaneous vasculitis", "drug": "diltiazem" } ]

Hyperkalemia as a late side effect of prolonged adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy for infantile spasms.

[ { "ade": "Hyperkalemia", "drug": "adrenocorticotropic hormone" } ]

The authors report five cases of tremor related to itraconazole therapy, which occurred within 1-12 months of initiating treatment and resolved gradually following itraconazole withdrawal.

[ { "ade": "tremor", "drug": "itraconazole" } ]

Therefore, amantadine was permanently discontinued and the cornea cleared again.

[ { "ade": "cornea", "drug": "amantadine" } ]

However, prolongation of 5-FU half-life and an increase in INR have been reported with the concurrent use of 5-FU and warfarin.

[ { "ade": "increase in INR", "drug": "warfarin" }, { "ade": "increase in INR", "drug": "5-FU" } ]

Quinine and its isomer quinidine are well-known causes of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, due to excessive insulin secretion.

[ { "ade": "iatrogenic hypoglycaemia", "drug": "quinidine" }, { "ade": "iatrogenic hypoglycaemia", "drug": "Quinine" } ]

Paralytic ileus in patients undergoing bortezomib treatment has been reported, although a definite attribution to bortezomib administration has not been established.

[ { "ade": "Paralytic ileus", "drug": "bortezomib" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: This report indicates clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream as the most probable cause of CDIC due to the temporal relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and clindamycin administration, lack of concomitant medications, and documentation of C. difficile toxin.

[ { "ade": "CDIC", "drug": "clindamycin phosphate" }, { "ade": "C. difficile toxin", "drug": "clindamycin phosphate" }, { "ade": "C. difficile toxin", "drug": "clindamycin" }, { "ade": "diarrhea", "drug": "clindamycin phosphate" }, { "ade": "diarrhea", "drug": "clindamycin" }, { "ade": "CDIC", "drug": "clindamycin" } ]

The chemotherapeutics, including vincristine, actinomycin D, and epirubicin in case 1 and vincristine and actinomycin D in case 2, were given before the hepatotoxicity developed.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "actinomycin D" }, { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "vincristine" }, { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "epirubicin" } ]

The cause is presumed to be secondary to hypercoagulability due to asparaginase-induced antithrombin III deficiency.

[ { "ade": "antithrombin III deficiency", "drug": "asparaginase" } ]

Two heroin addicts, aged 34 and 19 years, developed ballistic movements after intravenous heroin overdose.

[ { "ade": "ballistic movements", "drug": "heroin" } ]

Acute drug induced hepatitis due to erlotinib.

[ { "ade": "hepatitis", "drug": "erlotinib" } ]

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in an adolescent receiving olanzapine-lithium combination therapy.

[ { "ade": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]

The disease predisposes to severe vincristine neurotoxicity.

[ { "ade": "vincristine neurotoxicity", "drug": "vincristine" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral administration of low-dose vasopressin for septic shock should be discouraged because of the risk of ischemic skin complications.

[ { "ade": "ischemic skin complications", "drug": "vasopressin" } ]

Cefuroxime-induced immune hemolysis.

[ { "ade": "immune hemolysis", "drug": "Cefuroxime" } ]

Second cancers including various types of hematological malignancy have been reported in patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with chemotherapy or interferon alfa.

[ { "ade": "Second cancers", "drug": "interferon alfa" }, { "ade": "hematological malignancy", "drug": "interferon alfa" } ]

We present the first case of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and endometriosis in a postmenopausal patient who was treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer.

[ { "ade": "endometriosis", "drug": "tamoxifen" }, { "ade": "ovarian endometrioid carcinoma", "drug": "tamoxifen" } ]

Dental and gingival pain as side effects of niacin therapy.

[ { "ade": "Dental and gingival pain", "drug": "niacin" } ]

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in certain patients with lithium nephrotoxicity is also possible.

[ { "ade": "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "lithium" } ]

The renal consequences of indinavir-associated nephrotoxicity are uncertain.

[ { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "indinavir" } ]

Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with darifenacin.

[ { "ade": "Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis", "drug": "darifenacin" } ]

Our report suggested that CBDCA hypersensitivity was correlated with the total dose of previously administered platinum agents and that CBDCA should be excluded in patients who have received multiple platinum-based chemotherapy, even in platinum-sensitive cases, because CBDCA hypersensitivity can occur even with low-dose CBDCA administration.

[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity", "drug": "CBDCA" } ]

A 53-year-old man developed lower leg edema 4 weeks after rosiglitazone was increased from 4 mg once/day to 4 mg twice/day.

[ { "ade": "lower leg edema", "drug": "rosiglitazone" } ]

We report the case of a young man, affected by rheumatoid arthritis who developed a rapid-onset short-of-breath, hemoptysis, and severe weakness, about 2 weeks after the administration of leflunomide.

[ { "ade": "hemoptysis", "drug": "leflunomide" }, { "ade": "short-of-breath", "drug": "leflunomide" }, { "ade": "severe weakness", "drug": "leflunomide" } ]

We reported a case of disulfiram-induced hepatitis with unique clinical features and compared our case with others in the literature.

[ { "ade": "hepatitis", "drug": "disulfiram" } ]

RESULTS: Evidence of neurological improvement and rehabilitation potential after severe myelopathy due to intrathecal injection of doxorubicin.

[ { "ade": "severe myelopathy", "drug": "doxorubicin" } ]

Quetiapine-induced leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.

[ { "ade": "leucopenia", "drug": "Quetiapine" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "Quetiapine" } ]

A study of in vitro reactivity to L-T4, as assessed by peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation, was carried out in a patient with Hashimoto's disease who developed leukopenia during treatment with L-T4.

[ { "ade": "leukopenia", "drug": "L-T4" } ]

Progressive pulmonary fibrosis complicating cyclophosphamide therapy.

[ { "ade": "Progressive pulmonary fibrosis", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]

Capecitabine-induced headache responding to diltiazem.

[ { "ade": "headache", "drug": "Capecitabine" } ]

Infliximab therapy may cause a lupus-like syndrome that is reversible upon discontinuing this agent.

[ { "ade": "lupus-like syndrome", "drug": "Infliximab" } ]

Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: report of five cases and review of the literature.

[ { "ade": "pneumonitis", "drug": "Methotrexate" } ]

Behavioral side effects associated with clonazepam may include agitation, aggression, hyperactivity, irritability, property destruction, and temper tantrums.

[ { "ade": "hyperactivity", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "irritability", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "agitation", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "property destruction", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "temper tantrums", "drug": "clonazepam" }, { "ade": "aggression", "drug": "clonazepam" } ]

Ritonavir acted as a CYP3A4 inhibitor, diminishing carbamazepine metabolism and provoking an increase in serum levels and clinical toxicity.

[ { "ade": "clinical toxicity", "drug": "Ritonavir" }, { "ade": "diminishing carbamazepine metabolism", "drug": "Ritonavir" }, { "ade": "increase in serum levels", "drug": "Ritonavir" } ]

The Naranjo probability scale suggests a highly probable relationship between AIN and pantoprazole therapy in this patient.

[ { "ade": "AIN", "drug": "pantoprazole" } ]

Cyclosporine-induced pain syndrome in a child undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

[ { "ade": "pain syndrome", "drug": "Cyclosporine" } ]

Severe hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia during treatment with rosiglitazone.

[ { "ade": "Severe hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia", "drug": "rosiglitazone" } ]

AIM: Report of a case of a woman patient who developed celiac disease after pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin use for chronic hepatitis C.

[ { "ade": "celiac disease", "drug": "pegylated interferon alpha-2a" }, { "ade": "celiac disease", "drug": "ribavirin" } ]

After identification of the index patient, additional inquiry revealed that the patient's mother was hospitalized previously for overwhelming sepsis associated with metamizole use.

[ { "ade": "sepsis", "drug": "metamizole" } ]

Scleroderma in association with the use of bleomycin: a report of 3 cases.

[ { "ade": "Scleroderma", "drug": "bleomycin" } ]

Although taxol has shown significant activity in advanced ovarian cancer, peripheral neuropathy is likely to become the major dose-limiting toxicity.

[ { "ade": "peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "taxol" } ]

This experience supports the hypothesis that heparin can be readministered early to patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis, provided antiplatelet therapy is given.

[ { "ade": "thrombosis", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "heparin" } ]

Case report: lack of control of diabetes and weight gain in a patient on initiation and rechallenge of therapy with olanzapine.

[ { "ade": "weight gain", "drug": "olanzapine" }, { "ade": "diabetes", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]

We describe two patients with rheumatoid factor-positive, polyarticular-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in whom accelerated nodulosis developed during methotrexate therapy.

[ { "ade": "accelerated nodulosis", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

We report a case of acne fulminans occurring during treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid for cystic acne.

[ { "ade": "acne fulminans", "drug": "13-cis-retinoic acid" } ]

Tumor-volume increase at beginning of primary treatment with topical interferon alpha 2-beta in a case of conjunctiva-cornea intraepithelial neoplasia.

[ { "ade": "Tumor-volume increase", "drug": "interferon alpha 2-beta" } ]

Cefoxitin therapy for Mycobacterium fortuitum bacteremia with associated granulomatous hepatitis.

[ { "ade": "granulomatous hepatitis", "drug": "Cefoxitin" } ]

We report the first case of a patient in a promethazine-induced coma responding to treatment with flumazenil.

[ { "ade": "coma", "drug": "promethazine" } ]

Oesophageal ulceration due to emepronium bromide.

[ { "ade": "Oesophageal ulceration", "drug": "emepronium bromide" } ]

On the other hand, aspirin may have promoted the enlargement of spontaneous hemorrhage from meningioma.

[ { "ade": "enlargement of spontaneous hemorrhage", "drug": "aspirin" } ]

Skin necrosis secondary to low-molecular weight heparin in a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

[ { "ade": "Skin necrosis", "drug": "low-molecular weight heparin" } ]

During her third cycle, she again received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 over 30 minutes and developed palmar pruritus, urticaria, and edema.

[ { "ade": "100 mg/m2", "drug": "cisplatin" }, { "ade": "palmar pruritus", "drug": "cisplatin" }, { "ade": "urticaria", "drug": "cisplatin" }, { "ade": "edema", "drug": "cisplatin" } ]

Patients from endemic areas referred to transplant centers may be at high risk for disseminated histoplasmosis when treated with long-term prednisone for graft-versus-host disease.

[ { "ade": "disseminated histoplasmosis", "drug": "prednisone" } ]