manufernandezbur/MoBiPlant · Datasets at Hugging Face

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What is the approximate maximum length observed for translated uORFs in Arabidopsis thaliana transcripts that can still escape NMD, even with negligible reinitiation?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Around 35 amino acids", "Up to 70 amino acids", "Only very short uORFs (<10 amino acids)" ]	10.1093/jxb/erac385	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/jxb/erac385	2,022	3	1	JexB	false
How does the presence of a stable secondary structure within a translated uORF affect its potential to trigger NMD in Arabidopsis thaliana?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Structured uORFs enhance reinitiation, thus preventing NMD.", "Structured uORFs can still allow the transcript to escape NMD, despite reducing reinitiation.", "Structured uORFs invariably trigger NMD." ]	10.1093/jxb/erac385	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/jxb/erac385	2,022	3	1	JexB	false
What is the role of translation reinitiation downstream of a long uORF in preventing NMD in plant transcripts like those studied in Arabidopsis?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Reinitiation ability (or lack thereof) appears independent of NMD escape for transcripts with long uORFs.", "Reinitiation at internal downstream AUGs is the primary mechanism for NMD escape.", "Efficient reinitiation is essential for long uORF-containing transcripts to escape NMD." ]	10.1093/jxb/erac385	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/jxb/erac385	2,022	3	0	JexB	false
How do the rules governing NMD triggering by translated uORFs generally compare between plants (based on Arabidopsis studies) and mammals?	GENE REGULATION	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "The rules governing NMD triggering by uORFs are identical in plants and mammals.", "Plants appear less sensitive to NMD triggering by long or structured uORFs compared to mammals.", "Mammals are less sensitive to NMD triggering by long or structured uORFs compared to plants." ]	10.1093/jxb/erac385	Non-specific	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/jxb/erac385	2,022	3	1	JexB	false
Why is efficient recognition of an upstream AUG (uAUG) codon by the ribosome important in the context of uORF function?	GENE REGULATION	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Efficient recognition is required for the uORF to be translated and potentially exert regulatory effects (like translational inhibition or NMD triggering).", "Efficient recognition bypasses the uORF entirely, allowing direct translation of the main ORF.", "Efficient recognition primarily stabilizes the mRNA transcript, preventing degradation." ]	10.1093/jxb/erac385	Non-specific	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/jxb/erac385	2,022	3	0	JexB	false
What structural feature of synthetic polyproteins is essential for inducing large ER-derived membrane compartments?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "A cytosol-facing oligomerization domain.", "The removal of the transmembrane domain.", "An ER-lumen-facing oligomerization domain." ]	10.1093/jxb/erad364	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/jxb/erad364	2,023	1	0	JexB	false
What is the nature of the connection between synthetic ER-derived compartments, formed by polyprotein expression, and the main ER network?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "They become completely isolated vesicles separate from the ER.", "They integrate seamlessly, allowing unrestricted molecular exchange with the entire ER.", "They remain physically connected but exhibit a barrier restricting free diffusion." ]	10.1093/jxb/erad364	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/jxb/erad364	2,023	1	2	JexB	false
How can heterologous proteins, such as bacterial enzymes, be specifically targeted to and accumulated at synthetic ER-derived compartments?	BIOTECHNOLOGY	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Via passive diffusion and entrapment within the compartment's lumen.", "By adding an ER retention signal (e.g., HDEL) to the heterologous protein.", "Using covalent protein-tagging systems (like SpyTag/SpyCatcher) linking the cargo to the compartment-forming scaffold." ]	10.1093/jxb/erad364	Non-specific	BIOTECHNOLOGY	10.1093/jxb/erad364	2,023	1	2	JexB	false
What is the overall effect of forming large, synthetic ER-derived membrane structures on the morphology and dynamics of the rest of the cell's ER network?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "The remaining ER network significantly increases its density and tubule connections.", "The rest of the ER network collapses into fragmented vesicles.", "The remaining ER network structure and dynamics are not significantly disrupted." ]	10.1093/jxb/erad364	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/jxb/erad364	2,023	1	2	JexB	false
What was the general developmental phenotype observed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants constitutively expressing ER-compartment-forming polyproteins under standard growth conditions?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Plants displayed severe dwarfism and complete sterility.", "Plants showed dramatically enhanced biomass accumulation and stress tolerance.", "Plants grew and developed relatively normally, without severe defects." ]	10.1093/jxb/erad364	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1093/jxb/erad364	2,023	1	2	JexB	false
Which calcium-dependent protein kinase has been identified as associating with the subgroup VIII RLCKs MAZ and CARK7 in Arabidopsis thaliana?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "BIK1", "CPK28", "OXI1" ]	10.1093/jxb/erae486	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/jxb/erae486	2,024	1	1	JexB	false
What role do the paralogous RLCKs MAZ and CARK6 play in the immune-triggered oxidative burst in Arabidopsis thaliana?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "They have no role in the oxidative burst.", "They act as essential positive regulators.", "They act as redundant negative regulators." ]	10.1093/jxb/erae486	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/jxb/erae486	2,024	1	2	JexB	false
What has been observed regarding the in vitro catalytic protein kinase activity of the subgroup VIII RLCKs MAZ and CARK7 from Arabidopsis thaliana?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "They only phosphorylate the substrate H3S.", "They show strong autophosphorylation activity.", "They do not demonstrate detectable catalytic activity." ]	10.1093/jxb/erae486	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1093/jxb/erae486	2,024	1	2	JexB	false
Can a catalytically inactive variant of the RLCK MAZ complement the developmental phenotype of maz-1 mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "No, catalytic activity is essential for its function.", "Yes, suggesting a non-catalytic function is sufficient for this role.", "Only partially, indicating catalytic activity enhances its function." ]	10.1093/jxb/erae486	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1093/jxb/erae486	2,024	1	1	JexB	false
What modification does the kinase CPK28 perform on the RLCKs MAZ and CARK7 in Arabidopsis thaliana based on in vitro assays?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "CPK28 phosphorylates MAZ and CARK7 on multiple residues.", "CPK28 ubiquitinates MAZ and CARK7.", "CPK28 dephosphorylates MAZ and CARK7." ]	10.1093/jxb/erae486	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/jxb/erae486	2,024	1	0	JexB	false
What happens when the CC-NB-ARC domain of the Mi-1.1 protein and the LRR domain of the Mi-1.2 protein from Solanum lycopersicum are co-expressed in trans?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]	[ "They complement to enhance nematode resistance but do not cause HR.", "They functionally complement to induce a hypersensitive response (HR).", "They fail to interact physically and show no functional complementation." ]	10.1093/mp/ssn009	Solanaceae & Relatives	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssn009	2,008	49	1	Molecular Plant	false
What is the relationship between physical interaction and functional autoactivation when testing different combinations of Mi-1 CC-NB-ARC and LRR domains from Solanum lycopersicum?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]	[ "Autoactivation requires the complete dissociation of the LRR domain from the CC-NB-ARC domain.", "Physical interaction occurs between CC-NB-ARC and LRR domains even in combinations that are autoactive or inactive, indicating dissociation is not required for signalling.", "Physical interaction only occurs in non-autoactive, wild-type combinations." ]	10.1093/mp/ssn009	Solanaceae & Relatives	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssn009	2,008	49	1	Molecular Plant	false
How do autoactivating mutations in different subdomains of the Solanum lycopersicum Mi-1.2 NB-ARC affect functional transcomplementation with the LRR domain?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]	[ "Mutations in the NB subdomain can transcomplement with the LRR to cause HR, while mutations in the ARC2 subdomain cannot.", "Mutations in both NB and ARC2 subdomains fail to transcomplement with the LRR domain.", "Mutations in the ARC2 subdomain transcomplement more effectively than mutations in the NB subdomain." ]	10.1093/mp/ssn009	Solanaceae & Relatives	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssn009	2,008	49	0	Molecular Plant	false
What is a primary proposed role of the ARC2 subdomain within the NB-ARC domain of CC-NB-LRR resistance proteins like Mi-1.2?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]	[ "Solely binding the LRR domain as a structural scaffold.", "Directly binding pathogen effectors to initiate the defence response.", "Relaying pathogen perception signals from the LRR and regulating the activation state." ]	10.1093/mp/ssn009	Solanaceae & Relatives	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssn009	2,008	49	2	Molecular Plant	false
What type of pathogens or pests does the Solanum lycopersicum Mi-1.2 resistance protein primarily confer resistance against?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]	[ "Viruses such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).", "Fungal pathogens like Cladosporium fulvum and bacterial pathogens like Pseudomonas syringae.", "Root-knot nematodes, phloem-feeding whiteflies, and aphids." ]	10.1093/mp/ssn009	Solanaceae & Relatives	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1093/mp/ssn009	2,008	49	2	Molecular Plant	false
What type of signals primarily regulate the import of nuclear-encoded preproteins into chloroplasts via the Toc and Tic complexes in Pisum sativum?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Pisum sativum" ]	[ "Calcium signals mediated solely by calmodulin.", "Phosphorylation signals acting only on transit peptides.", "Redox signals, involving thiol status and the NADP+/NADPH ratio." ]	10.1093/mp/ssp043	Legumes	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssp043	2,009	36	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is the impact of forming intermolecular disulfide bridges between Toc complex components (like Toc159, Toc75, Toc34) on chloroplast protein import?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Pisum sativum" ]	[ "It inhibits preprotein import, potentially by blocking the translocation channel or affecting receptor binding/flexibility.", "It specifically recruits chaperones to facilitate import under stress conditions.", "It enhances preprotein import by creating a more stable translocation pathway." ]	10.1093/mp/ssp043	Legumes	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssp043	2,009	36	0	Molecular Plant	false
How does the metabolic NADP+/NADPH ratio in the chloroplast stroma affect the import of precursor proteins via the Tic complex in Pisum sativum?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Pisum sativum" ]	[ "It influences the import efficiency of a specific subgroup of preproteins, with high NADP+ generally enhancing their import.", "It primarily controls the degradation rate of imported proteins rather than the import process itself.", "It uniformly regulates the import efficiency of all precursor proteins that use the Tic complex." ]	10.1093/mp/ssp043	Legumes	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1093/mp/ssp043	2,009	36	0	Molecular Plant	false
Comparing different plant groups, what is suggested about the evolutionary origin of the two main redox regulation mechanisms for chloroplast import?	EVOLUTION	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Regulation via the NADP+/NADPH ratio is the ancestral mechanism, found in both algae and land plants.", "Regulation via thiol-disulfide exchange at the Toc complex likely evolved earlier than regulation via the NADP+/NADPH ratio at the Tic complex.", "Both thiol-based Toc regulation and NADP+/NADPH-based Tic regulation appeared concurrently with the evolution of flowering plants." ]	10.1093/mp/ssp043	Non-specific	EVOLUTION	10.1093/mp/ssp043	2,009	36	1	Molecular Plant	false
What is the general effect of applying reducing agents like DTT or TCEP to isolated Pisum sativum chloroplasts on the import efficiency of most precursor proteins utilizing the Toc/Tic pathway?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Pisum sativum" ]	[ "It decreases the import efficiency.", "It increases the import efficiency.", "It has no significant effect on import efficiency." ]	10.1093/mp/ssp043	Legumes	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssp043	2,009	36	1	Molecular Plant	false
What is a primary role identified for the rice protein SDG728 in epigenetic regulation?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Demethylation of histone H3K9, leading to gene activation.", "Repression of retrotransposons like Tos17 through H3K9 methylation.", "Activation of retrotransposons like Tos17 through H3K4 methylation." ]	10.1093/mp/ssq030	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/ssq030	2,010	70	1	Molecular Plant	false
Which group of rice SUVH genes functions antagonistically to the histone H3K9 demethylase JMJ706?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "SDG714, SDG727, and SDG710.", "SDG728, SDG715, and SDG726.", "SDG703, SDG704, and SDG709." ]	10.1093/mp/ssq030	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/ssq030	2,010	70	0	Molecular Plant	false
What is the effect of down-regulating the rice genes SDG703, SDG713, and SDG728 on the retrotransposon Tos17?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "No change in the expression of Tos17.", "Decreased expression of Tos17.", "Increased expression of Tos17." ]	10.1093/mp/ssq030	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/ssq030	2,010	70	2	Molecular Plant	false
Which specific histone modification mediated by SDG728 is crucial for repressing the Tos17 retrotransposon locus in rice?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2).", "H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3).", "H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3)." ]	10.1093/mp/ssq030	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/ssq030	2,010	70	2	Molecular Plant	false
What type of histone modification are Su(var)3-9 homolog (SUVH) proteins primarily associated with?	GENE REGULATION	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Histone H3 Lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation.", "Histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation.", "Histone H3 Lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation." ]	10.1093/mp/ssq030	Non-specific	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/ssq030	2,010	70	2	Molecular Plant	false
Besides their known localization in PVC/MVB and TGN, where else have Vacuolar Sorting Receptors (VSRs) been observed in growing pollen tubes?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Nucleus", "Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)", "Plasma membrane (PM)" ]	10.1093/mp/ssr011	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssr011	2,011	40	2	Molecular Plant	false
Why might the plasma membrane localization of fluorescently tagged VSRs appear less prominent in live imaging compared to fixed pollen tube samples?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Due to highly dynamic and potentially transient fusion events (like 'kiss and run') at the plasma membrane.", "Because the fluorescent tag prevents VSRs from reaching the plasma membrane.", "Because VSRs are exclusively targeted for degradation upon reaching the plasma membrane in living cells." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr011	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssr011	2,011	40	0	Molecular Plant	false
How does the spatial distribution of SCAMP1 proteins differ from VSR proteins within the apical region of a growing pollen tube?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "VSR proteins are highly enriched in the apical tip, whereas SCAMP1 proteins are largely excluded.", "Both SCAMP1 and VSR proteins show similar levels of enrichment throughout the apical region.", "SCAMP1 proteins are highly enriched in the apical tip, whereas VSR proteins are largely excluded from this region." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr011	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssr011	2,011	40	2	Molecular Plant	false
What characteristic morphological change is observed in VSR-associated prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) in pollen tubes following treatment with wortmannin?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "They swell and form enlarged, ring-like structures.", "They relocate and cluster around the Golgi apparatus.", "They fragment into numerous smaller vesicles." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr011	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssr011	2,011	40	0	Molecular Plant	false
What alternative or additional cellular process, apart from sorting cargo to the vacuole, is suggested by the presence of VSRs at the plasma membrane of pollen tubes?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Involvement in protein secretion to the plasma membrane or retrieval of molecules via endocytosis.", "Signaling pathway initiation in response to extracellular cues.", "Direct participation in cell wall biosynthesis at the tip." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr011	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssr011	2,011	40	0	Molecular Plant	false
How does the introduction of the Or gene affect β-carotene content in Solanum tuberosum tubers during prolonged cold storage?	BIOTECHNOLOGY	[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]	[ "It stabilizes initial β-carotene levels but prevents further synthesis.", "It primarily leads to the degradation of β-carotene over time.", "It enhances both the retention and the continued accumulation of β-carotene." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr099	Solanaceae & Relatives	BIOTECHNOLOGY	10.1093/mp/ssr099	2,012	123	2	Molecular Plant	false
The increased accumulation of carotenoids in Or transgenic Solanum tuberosum tubers correlates with the formation of which specific subcellular structures?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]	[ "Modified mitochondria with higher metabolic activity.", "Carotenoid-lipoprotein sequestering structures.", "Enlarged vacuoles for pigment storage." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr099	Solanaceae & Relatives	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssr099	2,012	123	1	Molecular Plant	false
What is a proposed mechanism by which the Or gene promotes continuous carotenoid biosynthesis during cold storage in Solanum tuberosum?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]	[ "By inhibiting carotenoid degradation enzymes like CCDs.", "By significantly increasing the transcription levels of all carotenoid pathway genes.", "By enhancing the stability of the Phytoene Synthase (PSY) protein." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr099	Solanaceae & Relatives	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/ssr099	2,012	123	2	Molecular Plant	false
Proteomic studies indicate that Or-mediated carotenoid accumulation in Solanum tuberosum involves the upregulation of which protein functional groups?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]	[ "Heat shock proteins, glutathione-S-transferases, and carbohydrate metabolism proteins.", "Ribosomal proteins, DNA repair enzymes, and fatty acid synthases.", "Cell cycle regulators, membrane transporters, and kinases." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr099	Solanaceae & Relatives	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1093/mp/ssr099	2,012	123	0	Molecular Plant	false
Are the provitamin A carotenoids synthesized in Or transgenic Solanum tuberosum tubers nutritionally available after cooking?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]	[ "No, the cooking process renders them completely indigestible.", "Yes, they remain bioaccessible for uptake by human intestinal cells.", "Yes, but their bioavailability is significantly lower than synthetic vitamin A." ]	10.1093/mp/ssr099	Solanaceae & Relatives	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1093/mp/ssr099	2,012	123	1	Molecular Plant	false
What is the general association between the histone modifications H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and DNase Hypersensitive sites with gene activity in Oryza sativa?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]	[ "They are primarily associated with repressed gene transcription.", "They are all associated with active gene transcription.", "Only H3K4 methylation marks are associated with active transcription, while acetylation marks are not." ]	10.1093/mp/sst018	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/sst018	2,013	113	1	Molecular Plant	false
What characteristic feature of histone modifications like H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in Oryza sativa was leveraged to identify previously unannotated genes?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]	[ "Their exclusive presence near transcription termination sites (TTSs).", "Their high degree of concurrence with actively transcribed regions.", "Their specific binding patterns within transposable elements." ]	10.1093/mp/sst018	Model Organisms	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1093/mp/sst018	2,013	113	1	Molecular Plant	false
How does the genomic distribution of acetylated histone marks (H3K9ac, H3K27ac) compare to methylated marks (H3K4me2/3) in the Oryza sativa genome?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]	[ "Methylated marks are primarily found in intergenic regions, while acetylated marks are in coding regions.", "Both acetylated and methylated marks show identical distribution patterns across all genomic regions.", "Acetylated marks are relatively more enriched in intergenic regions compared to methylated marks." ]	10.1093/mp/sst018	Model Organisms	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1093/mp/sst018	2,013	113	2	Molecular Plant	false
In the Oryza sativa genome, where are DNase I Hypersensitive (DH) sites predominantly located, and what is their relationship with gene expression?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]	[ "DH sites are mainly in promoter and intergenic regions and show a strong positive correlation with gene expression.", "DH sites are mostly found within coding exons and show a negative correlation with gene expression.", "DH sites are evenly distributed across the genome and have no clear correlation with gene expression levels." ]	10.1093/mp/sst018	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/sst018	2,013	113	0	Molecular Plant	false
What role is suggested for the histone modification H3K27ac in Oryza sativa, based on its enrichment patterns, particularly in intergenic regions?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]	[ "It may mark active enhancers.", "It primarily marks gene bodies of actively transcribed genes.", "It is exclusively associated with gene silencing and heterochromatin formation." ]	10.1093/mp/sst018	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/sst018	2,013	113	0	Molecular Plant	false
What is the primary molecular function of the NAB1 protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]	[ "Represses translation of specific light-harvesting complex (LHCBM) mRNAs.", "Phosphorylates LHCII proteins during state transitions.", "Activates transcription of LHCBM genes." ]	10.1093/mp/ssu083	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/ssu083	2,014	27	0	Molecular Plant	false
How does CO2 limitation affect the expression of the NAB1 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]	[ "It destabilizes NAB1 protein, leading to lower levels despite transcription.", "It represses the NAB1 promoter, decreasing its expression.", "It activates the NAB1 nuclear promoter, increasing transcript and protein levels." ]	10.1093/mp/ssu083	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1093/mp/ssu083	2,014	27	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is a consequence of increased NAB1 protein levels during CO2 limitation in wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]	[ "Enhanced rate of CO2 fixation by Rubisco.", "Reduction of the functional antenna size of Photosystem II (PSII).", "Increase in the functional antenna size of Photosystem I (PSI)." ]	10.1093/mp/ssu083	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1093/mp/ssu083	2,014	27	1	Molecular Plant	false
In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, how does the mechanism for alleviating excess Photosystem II (PSII) excitation pressure change over time during prolonged CO2 limitation?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]	[ "The initial rapid response via state transitions is replaced by a slower, long-term response involving NAB1-mediated translation repression.", "State transitions become the dominant mechanism throughout prolonged CO2 limitation.", "Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) entirely replaces both state transitions and NAB1 control." ]	10.1093/mp/ssu083	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1093/mp/ssu083	2,014	27	0	Molecular Plant	false
What does the altered NAB1 accumulation pattern in the stt7 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under CO2-limiting conditions suggest?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]	[ "A regulatory link exists between the short-term state transition mechanism (mediated by STT7) and the long-term NAB1-mediated translational control.", "NAB1 accumulation is entirely independent of state transitions and photosynthetic electron transport.", "STT7 directly represses the translation of NAB1 mRNA." ]	10.1093/mp/ssu083	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1093/mp/ssu083	2,014	27	0	Molecular Plant	false
What is a primary function of profilin in Arabidopsis pollen tube tip growth?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Regulating apical actin polymerization", "Driving cytoplasmic streaming in the shank region", "Directly mediating vesicle fusion at the membrane" ]	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	2,015	54	0	Molecular Plant	false
What effect does the downregulation of profilin have on actin filaments in Arabidopsis pollen tubes?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Decreased amount and increased disorganization of apical actin filaments", "Stabilization of actin filaments leading to reduced turnover", "Increased bundling of actin filaments throughout the tube" ]	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	2,015	54	0	Molecular Plant	false
Which proteins are proposed to work with profilin to mediate actin polymerization at the apical membrane of pollen tubes?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Arp2/3 complex proteins", "Myosins", "Formins" ]	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	2,015	54	2	Molecular Plant	false
Which specific profilin interaction is crucial for promoting actin polymerization but not essential for general actin turnover in Arabidopsis pollen tubes?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Binding to poly-L-proline (PLP) domains", "Interaction with microtubule-associated proteins", "Binding solely to G-actin" ]	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	2,015	54	0	Molecular Plant	false
Which two specific profilin isoforms act redundantly to control polarized pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "PRF1 and PRF2", "PRF5 and AtFH5", "PRF4 and PRF5" ]	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013	2,015	54	2	Molecular Plant	false
Where are the different UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS) enzyme groups located within Arabidopsis thaliana cells?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Cytosolic (AtUXS3/5/6) and Golgi apparatus (AtUXS1/2/4).", "Endoplasmic Reticulum (AtUXS1/2/4) and Cytosol (AtUXS3/5/6).", "Cytosolic (AtUXS1/2/4) and Golgi apparatus (AtUXS3/5/6)." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	2,016	68	0	Molecular Plant	false
Which group of UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS) isoforms appears more critical for xylan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, based on triple mutant phenotypes?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "The cytosolic isoforms (AtUXS3, AtUXS5, AtUXS6).", "The Golgi-localized isoforms (AtUXS1, AtUXS2, AtUXS4).", "Both cytosolic and Golgi-localized isoforms are equally critical." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	2,016	68	0	Molecular Plant	false
What is a major consequence of mutating the cytosolic UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS) genes (AtUXS3, AtUXS5, AtUXS6) on the cell wall composition in Arabidopsis thaliana stems?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "A significant decrease in cellulose content only.", "A significant decrease in xylan content.", "A significant increase in xylan content." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	2,016	68	1	Molecular Plant	false
What is the primary origin of the UDP-Xylose substrate transported into the Golgi lumen for xylan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Synthesis within the Golgi lumen by UXS enzymes.", "Synthesis in the cytosol by UXS enzymes.", "Direct import from the chloroplast." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	2,016	68	1	Molecular Plant	false
How does the mutation of cytosolic UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS) genes (AtUXS3, AtUXS5, AtUXS6) affect the efficiency of sugar release from Arabidopsis thaliana stem cell walls during saccharification?	BIOTECHNOLOGY	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "It has no significant effect on sugar release.", "It improves the release of glucose and xylose.", "It decreases the release of glucose and xylose." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	Model Organisms	BIOTECHNOLOGY	10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013	2,016	68	1	Molecular Plant	false
What is the effect of the PP2C-1 allele derived from wild soybean Glycine soja ZYD7 on seed traits?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Glycine max" ]	[ "It decreases 100-seed weight.", "It enhances 100-seed weight.", "It primarily affects seed oil content but not weight." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	Legumes	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	2,017	139	1	Molecular Plant	false
How does the PP2C-1 protein potentially regulate seed weight in Glycine max?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Glycine max" ]	[ "By binding to seed storage proteins and increasing their accumulation.", "By interacting with and facilitating the dephosphorylation of GmBZR1.", "By directly phosphorylating GmBZR1, thereby inhibiting it." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	Legumes	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	2,017	139	1	Molecular Plant	false
What distinguishes the function of the PP2C-2 allele compared to the PP2C-1 allele in Glycine max regarding seed weight?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Glycine max" ]	[ "The PP2C-2 allele enhances seed weight more effectively than PP2C-1.", "The PP2C-2 allele does not enhance seed weight, unlike PP2C-1.", "Both PP2C-1 and PP2C-2 alleles similarly enhance seed weight." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	Legumes	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	2,017	139	1	Molecular Plant	false
What cellular mechanism is proposed for how PP2C-1 increases seed size when overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "By accelerating the rate of cell division in the embryo.", "By reducing the thickness of the seed coat.", "By increasing the cell size of the seed integument." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	2,017	139	2	Molecular Plant	false
What effect does the overexpression of the soybean transcription factor GmBZR1 have on seed characteristics in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "It reduces seed size but increases seed number per silique.", "It enhances seed size and 1000-seed weight.", "It has no significant effect on seed size or weight." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006	2,017	139	1	Molecular Plant	false
How does the transcription factor ARF5/MP regulate the expression of DORNROSCHEN (DRN) in Arabidopsis shoot stem cells?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "ARF5/MP directly activates DRN transcription.", "ARF5/MP indirectly represses DRN transcription via WUS.", "ARF5/MP directly represses DRN transcription." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	2,018	85	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is the regulatory relationship between DORNROSCHEN (DRN) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) in Arabidopsis shoot stem cells?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "DRN positively regulates CLV3 expression.", "DRN negatively regulates CLV3 expression.", "DRN and CLV3 mutually repress each other." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	2,018	85	0	Molecular Plant	false
What mechanism does MONOPTEROS (MP) use to repress DORNROSCHEN (DRN) transcription in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "MP promotes the degradation of DRN mRNA.", "MP forms a complex with WUSCHEL (WUS) to repress DRN.", "MP directly binds to an Auxin Response Element (AuxRE) in the DRN promoter." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	2,018	85	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is the phenotypic consequence of knocking out both DORNROSCHEN (DRN) and its homolog DRNL in Arabidopsis thaliana?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Enlarged shoot apical meristems and reduced CLV3 expression.", "Terminated shoot apical meristems and increased CLV3 expression.", "Normal shoot apical meristems but altered flower development." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	2,018	85	0	Molecular Plant	false
How does DORNROSCHEN (DRN) activate CLAVATA3 (CLV3) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "DRN directly binds to the GCCGGCA element in the CLV3 promoter to activate transcription.", "DRN represses a repressor of CLV3, leading to activation.", "DRN activates CLV3 expression, but likely indirectly or not via direct binding to the known putative site in the CLV3 promoter." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006	2,018	85	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is the primary role of the WOX5 transcription factor in the Arabidopsis root apical meristem?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Directly activating cell division genes in the proximal meristem.", "Promoting terminal differentiation of all root cells.", "Maintaining quiescent center and columella stem cell pluripotency." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	2,019	372	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is the function of the PLETHORA (PLT) protein gradient in Arabidopsis root development?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Specifying root hair cell fate.", "Establishing the quiescent center identity.", "Guiding the transition from cell division to cell expansion and differentiation." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	2,019	372	2	Molecular Plant	false
What does single-cell RNA sequencing reveal about cell populations within the Arabidopsis root?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "High heterogeneity, including distinct subpopulations within known cell types and potentially novel cell types.", "Root cells primarily consist of only the well-established major cell types without significant variation.", "All cells within a specific tissue type (e.g., epidermis) are transcriptionally identical." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	2,019	372	0	Molecular Plant	false
How does cytokinin signaling influence the development of the Lateral Root Cap (LRC) in Arabidopsis?	HORMONES	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Cytokinin signaling is exclusively required for columella root cap formation, not the LRC.", "Cytokinin signaling inhibits LRC development, leading to fewer cell layers.", "High cytokinin response promotes LRC cell layer formation and differentiation." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	Model Organisms	HORMONES	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	2,019	372	2	Molecular Plant	false
What physiological specialization is observed in Arabidopsis root hair cells based on single-cell transcriptomics?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Predominant expression of genes related to iron and calcium transport.", "High expression of auxin biosynthesis genes.", "Enrichment for genes involved in photosynthesis." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004	2,019	372	0	Molecular Plant	false
What evolutionary event is associated with the origin of the tendril identity gene TEN in the Cucurbitaceae family?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "An ancient whole-genome duplication (paleo-polyploidization) event near the base of the family.", "Horizontal gene transfer from a non-plant organism.", "A recent gene duplication specific to the genus Cucumis." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	Non-specific	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	2,020	116	0	Molecular Plant	false
How many major whole-genome duplication events (CucWGDs) have been identified throughout the evolutionary history of the Cucurbitaceae family?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Only one event at the origin of the family.", "Two events, one ancient and one recent shared by all crop species.", "Four distinct events occurring at different times and in different major clades." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	Non-specific	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	2,020	116	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is proposed as the ancestral fruit type for the Cucurbitaceae family, from which other types like the pepo evolved?	EVOLUTION	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "A dry, dehiscent capsule.", "A fleshy, indehiscent pepo.", "A winged samara." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	Non-specific	EVOLUTION	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	2,020	116	0	Molecular Plant	false
Periods of rapid species diversification and significant morphological innovation in Cucurbitaceae evolution often coincided with what type of environmental condition?	EVOLUTION	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Periods of global cooling and glaciation.", "Paleo-climate optima, such as the Early and Mid-Eocene Climatic Optima.", "Consistently stable and unchanging climates." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	Non-specific	EVOLUTION	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	2,020	116	1	Molecular Plant	false
Morphologically, what structure is the characteristic climbing tendril of Cucurbitaceae plants considered to be homologous to?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "A modified leaf or leaflet.", "A modified shoot.", "A modified adventitious root." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	Non-specific	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011	2,020	116	1	Molecular Plant	false
What molecular event is responsible for the characteristic long outer glumes in Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum)?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Triticum polonicum" ]	[ "A frameshift mutation in the coding sequence of the P1 gene.", "Ectopic expression of the VRT-A2 gene caused by a rearrangement in its first intron.", "Overexpression of the VRT-B2 gene due to a promoter mutation." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	Cereal Grains	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	2,021	51	1	Molecular Plant	false
How does the first intron of the VRT-A2 gene function in regulating its expression in wheat?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Triticum aestivum" ]	[ "It primarily influences mRNA stability and degradation rates.", "It acts as a molecular switch involving both recruitment of transcriptional repressors and intron-mediated transcriptional enhancement.", "It contains enhancers that are active only during vegetative growth." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	Cereal Grains	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	2,021	51	1	Molecular Plant	false
Which gene has been identified as the P1 locus, historically known to control the long-glume trait in Triticum polonicum?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Triticum polonicum" ]	[ "VRT-B2", "TaMFS1", "VRT-A2" ]	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	Cereal Grains	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	2,021	51	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is the proposed evolutionary pathway for the VRT-A2b allele associated with long glumes in Triticum polonicum and Triticum petropavlovskyi?	EVOLUTION	[ "Triticum polonicum" ]	[ "Being directly inherited from the diploid ancestor Aegilops tauschii.", "Originating from a single natural mutation in tetraploid wheat that was subsequently introgressed into hexaploid T. petropavlovskyi.", "Arising independently through convergent evolution in both T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	Cereal Grains	EVOLUTION	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	2,021	51	1	Molecular Plant	false
With which class of proteins does the VRT-A2 transcription factor physically interact, suggesting a role in modulating floral development pathways in wheat?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Triticum aestivum" ]	[ "Floral organ identity MADS-box proteins (e.g., TaFUL2, TaSEP4).", "Auxin-responsive factors regulating growth.", "Cellulose synthase enzymes involved in cell wall formation." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	Cereal Grains	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021	2,021	51	0	Molecular Plant	false
What significant genome duplication event occurred in the evolutionary history of Artemisia annua before the divergence of Asteraceae species?	EVOLUTION	[ "Artemisia annua" ]	[ "A whole-genome duplication shared only with sunflower.", "A recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) specific to the species.", "A whole-genome triplication (WGT)." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	EVOLUTION	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	2,022	71	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is the relationship between the copy number of the amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) gene and artemisinin content in Artemisia annua?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Artemisia annua" ]	[ "A positive correlation; higher copy number relates to higher artemisinin content.", "No correlation; copy number does not affect artemisinin content.", "A negative correlation; higher copy number relates to lower artemisinin content." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	2,022	71	0	Molecular Plant	false
Where is artemisinin primarily synthesized and stored in Artemisia annua?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Artemisia annua" ]	[ "Mainly in glandular secreting trichomes (GSTs), but also in non-GST cells.", "Exclusively in the root tissues.", "Only in non-glandular trichome cells." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	2,022	71	0	Molecular Plant	false
What level of genetic diversity characterizes the Artemisia annua species?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Artemisia annua" ]	[ "Very low heterozygosity due to extensive self-pollination.", "High heterozygosity.", "Complete homozygosity across different strains." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	2,022	71	1	Molecular Plant	false
How are the key artemisinin biosynthesis pathway genes ADS and CYP71AV1 typically organized in the Artemisia annua genome?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Artemisia annua" ]	[ "Both ADS and CYP71AV1 are always found as single copies.", "CYP71AV1 typically occurs in tandem clusters, while ADS is dispersed.", "ADS typically occurs in tandem clusters, while CYP71AV1 is dispersed." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013	2,022	71	2	Molecular Plant	false
What is the primary role of the MKK3-MPK7 kinase cascade in Arabidopsis seed dormancy?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "It is involved in seed coat formation but not dormancy.", "It establishes and maintains seed dormancy.", "It promotes the release of seed dormancy." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	2,023	11	2	Molecular Plant	false
Which transcription factor is identified as a direct substrate phosphorylated by MPK7 in the MKK3-MPK7 pathway regulating Arabidopsis seed dormancy?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "DOG1", "ERF4", "RDO5" ]	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	2,023	11	1	Molecular Plant	false
How does the transcription factor ERF4 influence seed dormancy release in Arabidopsis?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "It directly enhances gibberellin synthesis to break dormancy.", "It activates the expression of specific EXPA genes, thereby promoting embryo expansion.", "It suppresses the expression of specific EXPA genes, thereby inhibiting embryo expansion." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	2,023	11	2	Molecular Plant	false
What happens to the ERF4 protein after it is phosphorylated by the MKK3-MPK7 module in Arabidopsis?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Its stability increases, enhancing its function.", "It undergoes rapid degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway.", "It translocates to the cytoplasm to inhibit translation." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	2,023	11	1	Molecular Plant	false
Which signaling molecule is proposed to act upstream and activate the MKK3-MPK7 module in response to dormancy-breaking treatments like GA and CS in Arabidopsis seeds?	HORMONES	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "ABA (abscisic acid)", "H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)", "Ethylene" ]	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	Model Organisms	HORMONES	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006	2,023	11	1	Molecular Plant	false
How does the pollen genotype influence fruit ripening in Malus domestica via the xenia effect?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Malus domestica" ]	[ "Pollen genotype primarily affects seed development but has no impact on the ripening of the maternal fruit flesh.", "Pollen from early-maturing cultivars can accelerate fruit ripening compared to pollen from late-maturing cultivars.", "Pollen from late-maturing cultivars consistently causes earlier fruit ripening than pollen from early-maturing cultivars." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	Woody Perennials & Trees	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	2,024	6	1	Molecular Plant	false
Which specific mRNA was identified as moving from seeds to the fruit flesh in Malus domestica to promote ripening?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Malus domestica" ]	[ "MdACO3 (ACC oxidase 3) mRNA.", "GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) mRNA.", "MdACTIN mRNA." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	Woody Perennials & Trees	GENE REGULATION	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	2,024	6	0	Molecular Plant	false
What cellular structures are implicated in the movement of MdACO3 mRNA from seeds to fruit flesh in apple?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Malus domestica" ]	[ "Xylem vessels.", "Plasmodesmata.", "Cell wall pores." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	Woody Perennials & Trees	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	2,024	6	1	Molecular Plant	false
What is the functional consequence of MdACO3 mRNA moving from seeds to the flesh in Malus domestica fruit?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Malus domestica" ]	[ "It primarily enhances seed dormancy without affecting fruit ripening.", "It promotes ethylene production and accelerates fruit ripening.", "It inhibits ethylene production and delays fruit ripening." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	2,024	6	1	Molecular Plant	false
Besides apple, in which other fleshy-fruited species was the movement of ACO3 mRNA from seed to flesh demonstrated to promote ripening?	BIOTECHNOLOGY	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa).", "Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Peach (Prunus persica).", "Grape (Vitis vinifera) and Banana (Musa acuminata)." ]	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	Non-specific	BIOTECHNOLOGY	10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008	2,024	6	0	Molecular Plant	false

What is the approximate maximum length observed for translated uORFs in Arabidopsis thaliana transcripts that can still escape NMD, even with negligible reinitiation?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Around 35 amino acids", "Up to 70 amino acids", "Only very short uORFs (<10 amino acids)" ]

10.1093/jxb/erac385

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/jxb/erac385

2,022

3

1

JexB

false

How does the presence of a stable secondary structure within a translated uORF affect its potential to trigger NMD in Arabidopsis thaliana?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Structured uORFs enhance reinitiation, thus preventing NMD.", "Structured uORFs can still allow the transcript to escape NMD, despite reducing reinitiation.", "Structured uORFs invariably trigger NMD." ]

10.1093/jxb/erac385

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/jxb/erac385

2,022

3

1

JexB

false

What is the role of translation reinitiation downstream of a long uORF in preventing NMD in plant transcripts like those studied in Arabidopsis?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Reinitiation ability (or lack thereof) appears independent of NMD escape for transcripts with long uORFs.", "Reinitiation at internal downstream AUGs is the primary mechanism for NMD escape.", "Efficient reinitiation is essential for long uORF-containing transcripts to escape NMD." ]

10.1093/jxb/erac385

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/jxb/erac385

2,022

3

0

JexB

false

How do the rules governing NMD triggering by translated uORFs generally compare between plants (based on Arabidopsis studies) and mammals?

GENE REGULATION

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "The rules governing NMD triggering by uORFs are identical in plants and mammals.", "Plants appear less sensitive to NMD triggering by long or structured uORFs compared to mammals.", "Mammals are less sensitive to NMD triggering by long or structured uORFs compared to plants." ]

10.1093/jxb/erac385

Non-specific

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/jxb/erac385

2,022

3

1

JexB

false

Why is efficient recognition of an upstream AUG (uAUG) codon by the ribosome important in the context of uORF function?

GENE REGULATION

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Efficient recognition is required for the uORF to be translated and potentially exert regulatory effects (like translational inhibition or NMD triggering).", "Efficient recognition bypasses the uORF entirely, allowing direct translation of the main ORF.", "Efficient recognition primarily stabilizes the mRNA transcript, preventing degradation." ]

10.1093/jxb/erac385

Non-specific

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/jxb/erac385

2,022

3

0

JexB

false

What structural feature of synthetic polyproteins is essential for inducing large ER-derived membrane compartments?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "A cytosol-facing oligomerization domain.", "The removal of the transmembrane domain.", "An ER-lumen-facing oligomerization domain." ]

10.1093/jxb/erad364

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/jxb/erad364

2,023

1

0

JexB

false

What is the nature of the connection between synthetic ER-derived compartments, formed by polyprotein expression, and the main ER network?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "They become completely isolated vesicles separate from the ER.", "They integrate seamlessly, allowing unrestricted molecular exchange with the entire ER.", "They remain physically connected but exhibit a barrier restricting free diffusion." ]

10.1093/jxb/erad364

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/jxb/erad364

2,023

1

2

JexB

false

How can heterologous proteins, such as bacterial enzymes, be specifically targeted to and accumulated at synthetic ER-derived compartments?

BIOTECHNOLOGY

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Via passive diffusion and entrapment within the compartment's lumen.", "By adding an ER retention signal (e.g., HDEL) to the heterologous protein.", "Using covalent protein-tagging systems (like SpyTag/SpyCatcher) linking the cargo to the compartment-forming scaffold." ]

10.1093/jxb/erad364

Non-specific

BIOTECHNOLOGY

10.1093/jxb/erad364

2,023

1

2

JexB

false

What is the overall effect of forming large, synthetic ER-derived membrane structures on the morphology and dynamics of the rest of the cell's ER network?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "The remaining ER network significantly increases its density and tubule connections.", "The rest of the ER network collapses into fragmented vesicles.", "The remaining ER network structure and dynamics are not significantly disrupted." ]

10.1093/jxb/erad364

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/jxb/erad364

2,023

1

2

JexB

false

What was the general developmental phenotype observed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants constitutively expressing ER-compartment-forming polyproteins under standard growth conditions?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Plants displayed severe dwarfism and complete sterility.", "Plants showed dramatically enhanced biomass accumulation and stress tolerance.", "Plants grew and developed relatively normally, without severe defects." ]

10.1093/jxb/erad364

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1093/jxb/erad364

2,023

1

2

JexB

false

Which calcium-dependent protein kinase has been identified as associating with the subgroup VIII RLCKs MAZ and CARK7 in Arabidopsis thaliana?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "BIK1", "CPK28", "OXI1" ]

10.1093/jxb/erae486

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/jxb/erae486

2,024

1

JexB

false

What role do the paralogous RLCKs MAZ and CARK6 play in the immune-triggered oxidative burst in Arabidopsis thaliana?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "They have no role in the oxidative burst.", "They act as essential positive regulators.", "They act as redundant negative regulators." ]

10.1093/jxb/erae486

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/jxb/erae486

2,024

1

2

JexB

false

What has been observed regarding the in vitro catalytic protein kinase activity of the subgroup VIII RLCKs MAZ and CARK7 from Arabidopsis thaliana?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "They only phosphorylate the substrate H3S.", "They show strong autophosphorylation activity.", "They do not demonstrate detectable catalytic activity." ]

10.1093/jxb/erae486

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1093/jxb/erae486

2,024

1

2

JexB

false

Can a catalytically inactive variant of the RLCK MAZ complement the developmental phenotype of maz-1 mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "No, catalytic activity is essential for its function.", "Yes, suggesting a non-catalytic function is sufficient for this role.", "Only partially, indicating catalytic activity enhances its function." ]

10.1093/jxb/erae486

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1093/jxb/erae486

2,024

1

JexB

false

What modification does the kinase CPK28 perform on the RLCKs MAZ and CARK7 in Arabidopsis thaliana based on in vitro assays?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "CPK28 phosphorylates MAZ and CARK7 on multiple residues.", "CPK28 ubiquitinates MAZ and CARK7.", "CPK28 dephosphorylates MAZ and CARK7." ]

10.1093/jxb/erae486

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/jxb/erae486

2,024

1

0

JexB

false

What happens when the CC-NB-ARC domain of the Mi-1.1 protein and the LRR domain of the Mi-1.2 protein from Solanum lycopersicum are co-expressed in trans?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]

[ "They complement to enhance nematode resistance but do not cause HR.", "They functionally complement to induce a hypersensitive response (HR).", "They fail to interact physically and show no functional complementation." ]

10.1093/mp/ssn009

Solanaceae & Relatives

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssn009

2,008

49

1

Molecular Plant

false

What is the relationship between physical interaction and functional autoactivation when testing different combinations of Mi-1 CC-NB-ARC and LRR domains from Solanum lycopersicum?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]

[ "Autoactivation requires the complete dissociation of the LRR domain from the CC-NB-ARC domain.", "Physical interaction occurs between CC-NB-ARC and LRR domains even in combinations that are autoactive or inactive, indicating dissociation is not required for signalling.", "Physical interaction only occurs in non-autoactive, wild-type combinations." ]

10.1093/mp/ssn009

Solanaceae & Relatives

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssn009

2,008

49

1

Molecular Plant

false

How do autoactivating mutations in different subdomains of the Solanum lycopersicum Mi-1.2 NB-ARC affect functional transcomplementation with the LRR domain?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]

[ "Mutations in the NB subdomain can transcomplement with the LRR to cause HR, while mutations in the ARC2 subdomain cannot.", "Mutations in both NB and ARC2 subdomains fail to transcomplement with the LRR domain.", "Mutations in the ARC2 subdomain transcomplement more effectively than mutations in the NB subdomain." ]

10.1093/mp/ssn009

Solanaceae & Relatives

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssn009

2,008

49

0

Molecular Plant

false

What is a primary proposed role of the ARC2 subdomain within the NB-ARC domain of CC-NB-LRR resistance proteins like Mi-1.2?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]

[ "Solely binding the LRR domain as a structural scaffold.", "Directly binding pathogen effectors to initiate the defence response.", "Relaying pathogen perception signals from the LRR and regulating the activation state." ]

10.1093/mp/ssn009

Solanaceae & Relatives

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssn009

2,008

49

2

Molecular Plant

false

What type of pathogens or pests does the Solanum lycopersicum Mi-1.2 resistance protein primarily confer resistance against?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Solanum lycopersicum" ]

[ "Viruses such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).", "Fungal pathogens like Cladosporium fulvum and bacterial pathogens like Pseudomonas syringae.", "Root-knot nematodes, phloem-feeding whiteflies, and aphids." ]

10.1093/mp/ssn009

Solanaceae & Relatives

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1093/mp/ssn009

2,008

49

2

Molecular Plant

false

What type of signals primarily regulate the import of nuclear-encoded preproteins into chloroplasts via the Toc and Tic complexes in Pisum sativum?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Pisum sativum" ]

[ "Calcium signals mediated solely by calmodulin.", "Phosphorylation signals acting only on transit peptides.", "Redox signals, involving thiol status and the NADP+/NADPH ratio." ]

10.1093/mp/ssp043

Legumes

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssp043

2,009

36

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is the impact of forming intermolecular disulfide bridges between Toc complex components (like Toc159, Toc75, Toc34) on chloroplast protein import?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Pisum sativum" ]

[ "It inhibits preprotein import, potentially by blocking the translocation channel or affecting receptor binding/flexibility.", "It specifically recruits chaperones to facilitate import under stress conditions.", "It enhances preprotein import by creating a more stable translocation pathway." ]

10.1093/mp/ssp043

Legumes

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssp043

2,009

36

0

Molecular Plant

false

How does the metabolic NADP+/NADPH ratio in the chloroplast stroma affect the import of precursor proteins via the Tic complex in Pisum sativum?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Pisum sativum" ]

[ "It influences the import efficiency of a specific subgroup of preproteins, with high NADP+ generally enhancing their import.", "It primarily controls the degradation rate of imported proteins rather than the import process itself.", "It uniformly regulates the import efficiency of all precursor proteins that use the Tic complex." ]

10.1093/mp/ssp043

Legumes

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1093/mp/ssp043

2,009

36

0

Molecular Plant

false

Comparing different plant groups, what is suggested about the evolutionary origin of the two main redox regulation mechanisms for chloroplast import?

EVOLUTION

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Regulation via the NADP+/NADPH ratio is the ancestral mechanism, found in both algae and land plants.", "Regulation via thiol-disulfide exchange at the Toc complex likely evolved earlier than regulation via the NADP+/NADPH ratio at the Tic complex.", "Both thiol-based Toc regulation and NADP+/NADPH-based Tic regulation appeared concurrently with the evolution of flowering plants." ]

10.1093/mp/ssp043

Non-specific

EVOLUTION

10.1093/mp/ssp043

2,009

36

1

Molecular Plant

false

What is the general effect of applying reducing agents like DTT or TCEP to isolated Pisum sativum chloroplasts on the import efficiency of most precursor proteins utilizing the Toc/Tic pathway?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Pisum sativum" ]

[ "It decreases the import efficiency.", "It increases the import efficiency.", "It has no significant effect on import efficiency." ]

10.1093/mp/ssp043

Legumes

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssp043

2,009

36

1

Molecular Plant

false

What is a primary role identified for the rice protein SDG728 in epigenetic regulation?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Demethylation of histone H3K9, leading to gene activation.", "Repression of retrotransposons like Tos17 through H3K9 methylation.", "Activation of retrotransposons like Tos17 through H3K4 methylation." ]

10.1093/mp/ssq030

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/ssq030

2,010

70

1

Molecular Plant

false

Which group of rice SUVH genes functions antagonistically to the histone H3K9 demethylase JMJ706?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "SDG714, SDG727, and SDG710.", "SDG728, SDG715, and SDG726.", "SDG703, SDG704, and SDG709." ]

10.1093/mp/ssq030

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/ssq030

2,010

70

0

Molecular Plant

false

What is the effect of down-regulating the rice genes SDG703, SDG713, and SDG728 on the retrotransposon Tos17?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "No change in the expression of Tos17.", "Decreased expression of Tos17.", "Increased expression of Tos17." ]

10.1093/mp/ssq030

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/ssq030

2,010

70

2

Molecular Plant

false

Which specific histone modification mediated by SDG728 is crucial for repressing the Tos17 retrotransposon locus in rice?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2).", "H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3).", "H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3)." ]

10.1093/mp/ssq030

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/ssq030

2,010

70

2

Molecular Plant

false

What type of histone modification are Su(var)3-9 homolog (SUVH) proteins primarily associated with?

GENE REGULATION

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Histone H3 Lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation.", "Histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation.", "Histone H3 Lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation." ]

10.1093/mp/ssq030

Non-specific

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/ssq030

2,010

70

2

Molecular Plant

false

Besides their known localization in PVC/MVB and TGN, where else have Vacuolar Sorting Receptors (VSRs) been observed in growing pollen tubes?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Nucleus", "Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)", "Plasma membrane (PM)" ]

10.1093/mp/ssr011

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssr011

2,011

40

2

Molecular Plant

false

Why might the plasma membrane localization of fluorescently tagged VSRs appear less prominent in live imaging compared to fixed pollen tube samples?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Due to highly dynamic and potentially transient fusion events (like 'kiss and run') at the plasma membrane.", "Because the fluorescent tag prevents VSRs from reaching the plasma membrane.", "Because VSRs are exclusively targeted for degradation upon reaching the plasma membrane in living cells." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr011

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssr011

2,011

40

0

Molecular Plant

false

How does the spatial distribution of SCAMP1 proteins differ from VSR proteins within the apical region of a growing pollen tube?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "VSR proteins are highly enriched in the apical tip, whereas SCAMP1 proteins are largely excluded.", "Both SCAMP1 and VSR proteins show similar levels of enrichment throughout the apical region.", "SCAMP1 proteins are highly enriched in the apical tip, whereas VSR proteins are largely excluded from this region." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr011

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssr011

2,011

40

2

Molecular Plant

false

What characteristic morphological change is observed in VSR-associated prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) in pollen tubes following treatment with wortmannin?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "They swell and form enlarged, ring-like structures.", "They relocate and cluster around the Golgi apparatus.", "They fragment into numerous smaller vesicles." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr011

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssr011

2,011

40

0

Molecular Plant

false

What alternative or additional cellular process, apart from sorting cargo to the vacuole, is suggested by the presence of VSRs at the plasma membrane of pollen tubes?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Involvement in protein secretion to the plasma membrane or retrieval of molecules via endocytosis.", "Signaling pathway initiation in response to extracellular cues.", "Direct participation in cell wall biosynthesis at the tip." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr011

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssr011

2,011

40

0

Molecular Plant

false

How does the introduction of the Or gene affect β-carotene content in Solanum tuberosum tubers during prolonged cold storage?

BIOTECHNOLOGY

[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]

[ "It stabilizes initial β-carotene levels but prevents further synthesis.", "It primarily leads to the degradation of β-carotene over time.", "It enhances both the retention and the continued accumulation of β-carotene." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr099

Solanaceae & Relatives

BIOTECHNOLOGY

10.1093/mp/ssr099

2,012

123

2

Molecular Plant

false

The increased accumulation of carotenoids in Or transgenic Solanum tuberosum tubers correlates with the formation of which specific subcellular structures?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]

[ "Modified mitochondria with higher metabolic activity.", "Carotenoid-lipoprotein sequestering structures.", "Enlarged vacuoles for pigment storage." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr099

Solanaceae & Relatives

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssr099

2,012

123

1

Molecular Plant

false

What is a proposed mechanism by which the Or gene promotes continuous carotenoid biosynthesis during cold storage in Solanum tuberosum?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]

[ "By inhibiting carotenoid degradation enzymes like CCDs.", "By significantly increasing the transcription levels of all carotenoid pathway genes.", "By enhancing the stability of the Phytoene Synthase (PSY) protein." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr099

Solanaceae & Relatives

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/ssr099

2,012

123

2

Molecular Plant

false

Proteomic studies indicate that Or-mediated carotenoid accumulation in Solanum tuberosum involves the upregulation of which protein functional groups?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]

[ "Heat shock proteins, glutathione-S-transferases, and carbohydrate metabolism proteins.", "Ribosomal proteins, DNA repair enzymes, and fatty acid synthases.", "Cell cycle regulators, membrane transporters, and kinases." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr099

Solanaceae & Relatives

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1093/mp/ssr099

2,012

123

0

Molecular Plant

false

Are the provitamin A carotenoids synthesized in Or transgenic Solanum tuberosum tubers nutritionally available after cooking?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Solanum tuberosum" ]

[ "No, the cooking process renders them completely indigestible.", "Yes, they remain bioaccessible for uptake by human intestinal cells.", "Yes, but their bioavailability is significantly lower than synthetic vitamin A." ]

10.1093/mp/ssr099

Solanaceae & Relatives

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1093/mp/ssr099

2,012

123

1

Molecular Plant

false

What is the general association between the histone modifications H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and DNase Hypersensitive sites with gene activity in Oryza sativa?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]

[ "They are primarily associated with repressed gene transcription.", "They are all associated with active gene transcription.", "Only H3K4 methylation marks are associated with active transcription, while acetylation marks are not." ]

10.1093/mp/sst018

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/sst018

2,013

113

1

Molecular Plant

false

What characteristic feature of histone modifications like H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in Oryza sativa was leveraged to identify previously unannotated genes?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]

[ "Their exclusive presence near transcription termination sites (TTSs).", "Their high degree of concurrence with actively transcribed regions.", "Their specific binding patterns within transposable elements." ]

10.1093/mp/sst018

Model Organisms

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1093/mp/sst018

2,013

113

1

Molecular Plant

false

How does the genomic distribution of acetylated histone marks (H3K9ac, H3K27ac) compare to methylated marks (H3K4me2/3) in the Oryza sativa genome?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]

[ "Methylated marks are primarily found in intergenic regions, while acetylated marks are in coding regions.", "Both acetylated and methylated marks show identical distribution patterns across all genomic regions.", "Acetylated marks are relatively more enriched in intergenic regions compared to methylated marks." ]

10.1093/mp/sst018

Model Organisms

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1093/mp/sst018

2,013

113

2

Molecular Plant

false

In the Oryza sativa genome, where are DNase I Hypersensitive (DH) sites predominantly located, and what is their relationship with gene expression?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]

[ "DH sites are mainly in promoter and intergenic regions and show a strong positive correlation with gene expression.", "DH sites are mostly found within coding exons and show a negative correlation with gene expression.", "DH sites are evenly distributed across the genome and have no clear correlation with gene expression levels." ]

10.1093/mp/sst018

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/sst018

2,013

113

0

Molecular Plant

false

What role is suggested for the histone modification H3K27ac in Oryza sativa, based on its enrichment patterns, particularly in intergenic regions?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa L. japonica" ]

[ "It may mark active enhancers.", "It primarily marks gene bodies of actively transcribed genes.", "It is exclusively associated with gene silencing and heterochromatin formation." ]

10.1093/mp/sst018

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/sst018

2,013

113

0

Molecular Plant

false

What is the primary molecular function of the NAB1 protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]

[ "Represses translation of specific light-harvesting complex (LHCBM) mRNAs.", "Phosphorylates LHCII proteins during state transitions.", "Activates transcription of LHCBM genes." ]

10.1093/mp/ssu083

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/ssu083

2,014

27

0

Molecular Plant

false

How does CO2 limitation affect the expression of the NAB1 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]

[ "It destabilizes NAB1 protein, leading to lower levels despite transcription.", "It represses the NAB1 promoter, decreasing its expression.", "It activates the NAB1 nuclear promoter, increasing transcript and protein levels." ]

10.1093/mp/ssu083

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1093/mp/ssu083

2,014

27

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is a consequence of increased NAB1 protein levels during CO2 limitation in wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]

[ "Enhanced rate of CO2 fixation by Rubisco.", "Reduction of the functional antenna size of Photosystem II (PSII).", "Increase in the functional antenna size of Photosystem I (PSI)." ]

10.1093/mp/ssu083

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1093/mp/ssu083

2,014

27

1

Molecular Plant

false

In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, how does the mechanism for alleviating excess Photosystem II (PSII) excitation pressure change over time during prolonged CO2 limitation?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]

[ "The initial rapid response via state transitions is replaced by a slower, long-term response involving NAB1-mediated translation repression.", "State transitions become the dominant mechanism throughout prolonged CO2 limitation.", "Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) entirely replaces both state transitions and NAB1 control." ]

10.1093/mp/ssu083

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1093/mp/ssu083

2,014

27

0

Molecular Plant

false

What does the altered NAB1 accumulation pattern in the stt7 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under CO2-limiting conditions suggest?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii" ]

[ "A regulatory link exists between the short-term state transition mechanism (mediated by STT7) and the long-term NAB1-mediated translational control.", "NAB1 accumulation is entirely independent of state transitions and photosynthetic electron transport.", "STT7 directly represses the translation of NAB1 mRNA." ]

10.1093/mp/ssu083

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1093/mp/ssu083

2,014

27

0

Molecular Plant

false

What is a primary function of profilin in Arabidopsis pollen tube tip growth?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Regulating apical actin polymerization", "Driving cytoplasmic streaming in the shank region", "Directly mediating vesicle fusion at the membrane" ]

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

2,015

54

0

Molecular Plant

false

What effect does the downregulation of profilin have on actin filaments in Arabidopsis pollen tubes?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Decreased amount and increased disorganization of apical actin filaments", "Stabilization of actin filaments leading to reduced turnover", "Increased bundling of actin filaments throughout the tube" ]

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

2,015

54

0

Molecular Plant

false

Which proteins are proposed to work with profilin to mediate actin polymerization at the apical membrane of pollen tubes?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Arp2/3 complex proteins", "Myosins", "Formins" ]

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

2,015

54

2

Molecular Plant

false

Which specific profilin interaction is crucial for promoting actin polymerization but not essential for general actin turnover in Arabidopsis pollen tubes?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Binding to poly-L-proline (PLP) domains", "Interaction with microtubule-associated proteins", "Binding solely to G-actin" ]

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

2,015

54

0

Molecular Plant

false

Which two specific profilin isoforms act redundantly to control polarized pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "PRF1 and PRF2", "PRF5 and AtFH5", "PRF4 and PRF5" ]

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.013

2,015

54

2

Molecular Plant

false

Where are the different UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS) enzyme groups located within Arabidopsis thaliana cells?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Cytosolic (AtUXS3/5/6) and Golgi apparatus (AtUXS1/2/4).", "Endoplasmic Reticulum (AtUXS1/2/4) and Cytosol (AtUXS3/5/6).", "Cytosolic (AtUXS1/2/4) and Golgi apparatus (AtUXS3/5/6)." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

2,016

68

0

Molecular Plant

false

Which group of UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS) isoforms appears more critical for xylan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, based on triple mutant phenotypes?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "The cytosolic isoforms (AtUXS3, AtUXS5, AtUXS6).", "The Golgi-localized isoforms (AtUXS1, AtUXS2, AtUXS4).", "Both cytosolic and Golgi-localized isoforms are equally critical." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

2,016

68

0

Molecular Plant

false

What is a major consequence of mutating the cytosolic UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS) genes (AtUXS3, AtUXS5, AtUXS6) on the cell wall composition in Arabidopsis thaliana stems?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "A significant decrease in cellulose content only.", "A significant decrease in xylan content.", "A significant increase in xylan content." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

2,016

68

1

Molecular Plant

false

What is the primary origin of the UDP-Xylose substrate transported into the Golgi lumen for xylan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Synthesis within the Golgi lumen by UXS enzymes.", "Synthesis in the cytosol by UXS enzymes.", "Direct import from the chloroplast." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

2,016

68

1

Molecular Plant

false

How does the mutation of cytosolic UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS) genes (AtUXS3, AtUXS5, AtUXS6) affect the efficiency of sugar release from Arabidopsis thaliana stem cell walls during saccharification?

BIOTECHNOLOGY

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "It has no significant effect on sugar release.", "It improves the release of glucose and xylose.", "It decreases the release of glucose and xylose." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

Model Organisms

BIOTECHNOLOGY

10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013

2,016

68

1

Molecular Plant

false

What is the effect of the PP2C-1 allele derived from wild soybean Glycine soja ZYD7 on seed traits?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Glycine max" ]

[ "It decreases 100-seed weight.", "It enhances 100-seed weight.", "It primarily affects seed oil content but not weight." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

Legumes

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

2,017

139

1

Molecular Plant

false

How does the PP2C-1 protein potentially regulate seed weight in Glycine max?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Glycine max" ]

[ "By binding to seed storage proteins and increasing their accumulation.", "By interacting with and facilitating the dephosphorylation of GmBZR1.", "By directly phosphorylating GmBZR1, thereby inhibiting it." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

Legumes

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

2,017

139

1

Molecular Plant

false

What distinguishes the function of the PP2C-2 allele compared to the PP2C-1 allele in Glycine max regarding seed weight?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Glycine max" ]

[ "The PP2C-2 allele enhances seed weight more effectively than PP2C-1.", "The PP2C-2 allele does not enhance seed weight, unlike PP2C-1.", "Both PP2C-1 and PP2C-2 alleles similarly enhance seed weight." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

Legumes

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

2,017

139

1

Molecular Plant

false

What cellular mechanism is proposed for how PP2C-1 increases seed size when overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "By accelerating the rate of cell division in the embryo.", "By reducing the thickness of the seed coat.", "By increasing the cell size of the seed integument." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

2,017

139

2

Molecular Plant

false

What effect does the overexpression of the soybean transcription factor GmBZR1 have on seed characteristics in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "It reduces seed size but increases seed number per silique.", "It enhances seed size and 1000-seed weight.", "It has no significant effect on seed size or weight." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1016/j.molp.2017.03.006

2,017

139

1

Molecular Plant

false

How does the transcription factor ARF5/MP regulate the expression of DORNROSCHEN (DRN) in Arabidopsis shoot stem cells?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "ARF5/MP directly activates DRN transcription.", "ARF5/MP indirectly represses DRN transcription via WUS.", "ARF5/MP directly represses DRN transcription." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

2,018

85

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is the regulatory relationship between DORNROSCHEN (DRN) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) in Arabidopsis shoot stem cells?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "DRN positively regulates CLV3 expression.", "DRN negatively regulates CLV3 expression.", "DRN and CLV3 mutually repress each other." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

2,018

85

0

Molecular Plant

false

What mechanism does MONOPTEROS (MP) use to repress DORNROSCHEN (DRN) transcription in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "MP promotes the degradation of DRN mRNA.", "MP forms a complex with WUSCHEL (WUS) to repress DRN.", "MP directly binds to an Auxin Response Element (AuxRE) in the DRN promoter." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

2,018

85

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is the phenotypic consequence of knocking out both DORNROSCHEN (DRN) and its homolog DRNL in Arabidopsis thaliana?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Enlarged shoot apical meristems and reduced CLV3 expression.", "Terminated shoot apical meristems and increased CLV3 expression.", "Normal shoot apical meristems but altered flower development." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

2,018

85

0

Molecular Plant

false

How does DORNROSCHEN (DRN) activate CLAVATA3 (CLV3) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "DRN directly binds to the GCCGGCA element in the CLV3 promoter to activate transcription.", "DRN represses a repressor of CLV3, leading to activation.", "DRN activates CLV3 expression, but likely indirectly or not via direct binding to the known putative site in the CLV3 promoter." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.006

2,018

85

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is the primary role of the WOX5 transcription factor in the Arabidopsis root apical meristem?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Directly activating cell division genes in the proximal meristem.", "Promoting terminal differentiation of all root cells.", "Maintaining quiescent center and columella stem cell pluripotency." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

2,019

372

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is the function of the PLETHORA (PLT) protein gradient in Arabidopsis root development?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Specifying root hair cell fate.", "Establishing the quiescent center identity.", "Guiding the transition from cell division to cell expansion and differentiation." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

2,019

372

2

Molecular Plant

false

What does single-cell RNA sequencing reveal about cell populations within the Arabidopsis root?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "High heterogeneity, including distinct subpopulations within known cell types and potentially novel cell types.", "Root cells primarily consist of only the well-established major cell types without significant variation.", "All cells within a specific tissue type (e.g., epidermis) are transcriptionally identical." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

2,019

372

0

Molecular Plant

false

How does cytokinin signaling influence the development of the Lateral Root Cap (LRC) in Arabidopsis?

HORMONES

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Cytokinin signaling is exclusively required for columella root cap formation, not the LRC.", "Cytokinin signaling inhibits LRC development, leading to fewer cell layers.", "High cytokinin response promotes LRC cell layer formation and differentiation." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

Model Organisms

HORMONES

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

2,019

372

2

Molecular Plant

false

What physiological specialization is observed in Arabidopsis root hair cells based on single-cell transcriptomics?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Predominant expression of genes related to iron and calcium transport.", "High expression of auxin biosynthesis genes.", "Enrichment for genes involved in photosynthesis." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.004

2,019

372

0

Molecular Plant

false

What evolutionary event is associated with the origin of the tendril identity gene TEN in the Cucurbitaceae family?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "An ancient whole-genome duplication (paleo-polyploidization) event near the base of the family.", "Horizontal gene transfer from a non-plant organism.", "A recent gene duplication specific to the genus Cucumis." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

Non-specific

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

2,020

116

0

Molecular Plant

false

How many major whole-genome duplication events (CucWGDs) have been identified throughout the evolutionary history of the Cucurbitaceae family?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Only one event at the origin of the family.", "Two events, one ancient and one recent shared by all crop species.", "Four distinct events occurring at different times and in different major clades." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

Non-specific

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

2,020

116

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is proposed as the ancestral fruit type for the Cucurbitaceae family, from which other types like the pepo evolved?

EVOLUTION

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "A dry, dehiscent capsule.", "A fleshy, indehiscent pepo.", "A winged samara." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

Non-specific

EVOLUTION

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

2,020

116

0

Molecular Plant

false

Periods of rapid species diversification and significant morphological innovation in Cucurbitaceae evolution often coincided with what type of environmental condition?

EVOLUTION

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Periods of global cooling and glaciation.", "Paleo-climate optima, such as the Early and Mid-Eocene Climatic Optima.", "Consistently stable and unchanging climates." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

Non-specific

EVOLUTION

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

2,020

116

1

Molecular Plant

false

Morphologically, what structure is the characteristic climbing tendril of Cucurbitaceae plants considered to be homologous to?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "A modified leaf or leaflet.", "A modified shoot.", "A modified adventitious root." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

Non-specific

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.011

2,020

116

1

Molecular Plant

false

What molecular event is responsible for the characteristic long outer glumes in Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum)?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Triticum polonicum" ]

[ "A frameshift mutation in the coding sequence of the P1 gene.", "Ectopic expression of the VRT-A2 gene caused by a rearrangement in its first intron.", "Overexpression of the VRT-B2 gene due to a promoter mutation." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

Cereal Grains

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

2,021

51

1

Molecular Plant

false

How does the first intron of the VRT-A2 gene function in regulating its expression in wheat?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Triticum aestivum" ]

[ "It primarily influences mRNA stability and degradation rates.", "It acts as a molecular switch involving both recruitment of transcriptional repressors and intron-mediated transcriptional enhancement.", "It contains enhancers that are active only during vegetative growth." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

Cereal Grains

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

2,021

51

1

Molecular Plant

false

Which gene has been identified as the P1 locus, historically known to control the long-glume trait in Triticum polonicum?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Triticum polonicum" ]

[ "VRT-B2", "TaMFS1", "VRT-A2" ]

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

Cereal Grains

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

2,021

51

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is the proposed evolutionary pathway for the VRT-A2b allele associated with long glumes in Triticum polonicum and Triticum petropavlovskyi?

EVOLUTION

[ "Triticum polonicum" ]

[ "Being directly inherited from the diploid ancestor Aegilops tauschii.", "Originating from a single natural mutation in tetraploid wheat that was subsequently introgressed into hexaploid T. petropavlovskyi.", "Arising independently through convergent evolution in both T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

Cereal Grains

EVOLUTION

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

2,021

51

1

Molecular Plant

false

With which class of proteins does the VRT-A2 transcription factor physically interact, suggesting a role in modulating floral development pathways in wheat?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Triticum aestivum" ]

[ "Floral organ identity MADS-box proteins (e.g., TaFUL2, TaSEP4).", "Auxin-responsive factors regulating growth.", "Cellulose synthase enzymes involved in cell wall formation." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

Cereal Grains

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.021

2,021

51

0

Molecular Plant

false

What significant genome duplication event occurred in the evolutionary history of *Artemisia annua* before the divergence of Asteraceae species?

EVOLUTION

[ "Artemisia annua" ]

[ "A whole-genome duplication shared only with sunflower.", "A recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) specific to the species.", "A whole-genome triplication (WGT)." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

EVOLUTION

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

2,022

71

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is the relationship between the copy number of the *amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS)* gene and artemisinin content in *Artemisia annua*?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Artemisia annua" ]

[ "A positive correlation; higher copy number relates to higher artemisinin content.", "No correlation; copy number does not affect artemisinin content.", "A negative correlation; higher copy number relates to lower artemisinin content." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

2,022

71

0

Molecular Plant

false

Where is artemisinin primarily synthesized and stored in *Artemisia annua*?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Artemisia annua" ]

[ "Mainly in glandular secreting trichomes (GSTs), but also in non-GST cells.", "Exclusively in the root tissues.", "Only in non-glandular trichome cells." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

2,022

71

0

Molecular Plant

false

What level of genetic diversity characterizes the *Artemisia annua* species?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Artemisia annua" ]

[ "Very low heterozygosity due to extensive self-pollination.", "High heterozygosity.", "Complete homozygosity across different strains." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

2,022

71

1

Molecular Plant

false

How are the key artemisinin biosynthesis pathway genes *ADS* and *CYP71AV1* typically organized in the *Artemisia annua* genome?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Artemisia annua" ]

[ "Both *ADS* and *CYP71AV1* are always found as single copies.", "*CYP71AV1* typically occurs in tandem clusters, while *ADS* is dispersed.", "*ADS* typically occurs in tandem clusters, while *CYP71AV1* is dispersed." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.013

2,022

71

2

Molecular Plant

false

What is the primary role of the MKK3-MPK7 kinase cascade in Arabidopsis seed dormancy?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "It is involved in seed coat formation but not dormancy.", "It establishes and maintains seed dormancy.", "It promotes the release of seed dormancy." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

2,023

11

2

Molecular Plant

false

Which transcription factor is identified as a direct substrate phosphorylated by MPK7 in the MKK3-MPK7 pathway regulating Arabidopsis seed dormancy?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "DOG1", "ERF4", "RDO5" ]

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

2,023

11

1

Molecular Plant

false

How does the transcription factor ERF4 influence seed dormancy release in Arabidopsis?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "It directly enhances gibberellin synthesis to break dormancy.", "It activates the expression of specific EXPA genes, thereby promoting embryo expansion.", "It suppresses the expression of specific EXPA genes, thereby inhibiting embryo expansion." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

2,023

11

2

Molecular Plant

false

What happens to the ERF4 protein after it is phosphorylated by the MKK3-MPK7 module in Arabidopsis?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Its stability increases, enhancing its function.", "It undergoes rapid degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway.", "It translocates to the cytoplasm to inhibit translation." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

2,023

11

1

Molecular Plant

false

Which signaling molecule is proposed to act upstream and activate the MKK3-MPK7 module in response to dormancy-breaking treatments like GA and CS in Arabidopsis seeds?

HORMONES

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "ABA (abscisic acid)", "H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)", "Ethylene" ]

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

Model Organisms

HORMONES

10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006

2,023

11

1

Molecular Plant

false

How does the pollen genotype influence fruit ripening in *Malus domestica* via the xenia effect?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Malus domestica" ]

[ "Pollen genotype primarily affects seed development but has no impact on the ripening of the maternal fruit flesh.", "Pollen from early-maturing cultivars can accelerate fruit ripening compared to pollen from late-maturing cultivars.", "Pollen from late-maturing cultivars consistently causes earlier fruit ripening than pollen from early-maturing cultivars." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

Woody Perennials & Trees

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

2,024

6

1

Molecular Plant

false

Which specific mRNA was identified as moving from seeds to the fruit flesh in *Malus domestica* to promote ripening?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Malus domestica" ]

[ "*MdACO3* (ACC oxidase 3) mRNA.", "*GFP* (Green Fluorescent Protein) mRNA.", "*MdACTIN* mRNA." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

Woody Perennials & Trees

GENE REGULATION

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

2,024

6

0

Molecular Plant

false

What cellular structures are implicated in the movement of *MdACO3* mRNA from seeds to fruit flesh in apple?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Malus domestica" ]

[ "Xylem vessels.", "Plasmodesmata.", "Cell wall pores." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

Woody Perennials & Trees

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

2,024

6

1

Molecular Plant

false

What is the functional consequence of *MdACO3* mRNA moving from seeds to the flesh in *Malus domestica* fruit?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Malus domestica" ]

[ "It primarily enhances seed dormancy without affecting fruit ripening.", "It promotes ethylene production and accelerates fruit ripening.", "It inhibits ethylene production and delays fruit ripening." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

2,024

6

1

Molecular Plant

false

Besides apple, in which other fleshy-fruited species was the movement of *ACO3* mRNA from seed to flesh demonstrated to promote ripening?

BIOTECHNOLOGY

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Tomato (*Solanum lycopersicum*) and Strawberry (*Fragaria × ananassa*).", "Cucumber (*Cucumis sativus*) and Peach (*Prunus persica*).", "Grape (*Vitis vinifera*) and Banana (*Musa acuminata*)." ]

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

Non-specific

BIOTECHNOLOGY

10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.008

2,024

6

0

Molecular Plant

false