manufernandezbur/MoBiPlant · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Which phytohormone is implicated as working downstream of strigolactone (SL) to mediate axillary bud dormancy in rice?	HORMONES	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Gibberellin (GA)", "Cytokinin (CK)", "Abscisic acid (ABA)" ]	10.1111/tpj.14266	Model Organisms	HORMONES	10.1111/tpj.14266	2,019	54	2	Plant Journal	false
In rice axillary buds, where is the primary site proposed for strigolactone (SL) function in mediating dormancy?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Shoot apical meristem (SAM)", "Vascular bundles connecting the bud", "Leaf primordia" ]	10.1111/tpj.14266	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1111/tpj.14266	2,019	54	2	Plant Journal	false
What cellular process primarily arrests in the leaf primordia of rice axillary buds when they enter strigolactone-mediated dormancy?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Cell division", "Cell expansion", "Cell differentiation into vascular tissue" ]	10.1111/tpj.14266	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1111/tpj.14266	2,019	54	0	Plant Journal	false
Overexpression of which gene, involved in ABA biosynthesis, leads to decreased tiller number in rice?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "FINE CULM1 (FC1)", "DWARF14 (D14)", "OsNCED1" ]	10.1111/tpj.14266	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1111/tpj.14266	2,019	54	2	Plant Journal	false
Which types of genes are typically downregulated in rice axillary buds as they enter strigolactone-mediated dormancy?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes", "Cell cycle and ribosomal genes", "Strigolactone (SL) signaling genes like D14" ]	10.1111/tpj.14266	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1111/tpj.14266	2,019	54	1	Plant Journal	false
Which characteristic distinguishes Poncirus trifoliata from most evergreen Citrus species?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]	[ "It is deciduous", "It produces sweet, edible fruit", "It lacks thorns on its shoots" ]	10.1111/tpj.14993	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1111/tpj.14993	2,020	85	0	Plant Journal	false
What mechanism contributes significantly to the enhanced cold tolerance observed in Poncirus trifoliata?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]	[ "Specific adaptations in both CBF-dependent and CBF-independent cold signaling pathways", "A complete absence of the CBF signaling pathway, relying solely on alternative mechanisms", "Exclusive reliance on the CBF-dependent cold signaling pathway" ]	10.1111/tpj.14993	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1111/tpj.14993	2,020	85	0	Plant Journal	false
What type of genes are notably clustered within quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with HLB tolerance and resistance to CTV and citrus nematode in Poncirus trifoliata?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]	[ "Photosynthesis-related genes", "Flowering time control genes", "Nucleotide-binding site (NBS) genes" ]	10.1111/tpj.14993	Woody Perennials & Trees	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1111/tpj.14993	2,020	85	2	Plant Journal	false
Approximately how long ago did the lineage leading to Poncirus trifoliata diverge from the common ancestor it shares with the Citrus clade?	EVOLUTION	[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]	[ "9.8 million years ago", "50 million years ago", "2.8 million years ago" ]	10.1111/tpj.14993	Woody Perennials & Trees	EVOLUTION	10.1111/tpj.14993	2,020	85	0	Plant Journal	false
What does the high genetic relatedness (r=1) between the Poncirus trifoliata accessions 'Flying Dragon' and 'Rubidoux' indicate about their origin?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]	[ "They represent distinct wild populations collected from geographically isolated regions.", "They are clonally related, likely originating via somatic mutation from a common ancestor.", "They originated from separate hybridization events with different Citrus species." ]	10.1111/tpj.14993	Woody Perennials & Trees	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1111/tpj.14993	2,020	85	1	Plant Journal	false
Which proteins are targeted for degradation by the KAI2-SCF(MAX2) complex in the karrikin signaling pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "SMAX1 and SMXL2", "KAI2 and MAX2", "HY5 and BBX20" ]	10.1111/tpj.15383	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1111/tpj.15383	2,021	34	0	Plant Journal	false
What transcriptional module integrates karrikin and light signaling to control seedling photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "SMAX1-SMXL2-TPL", "KAI2-MAX2-COP1", "HY5-BBX20/BBX21" ]	10.1111/tpj.15383	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1111/tpj.15383	2,021	34	2	Plant Journal	false
Which B-BOX DOMAIN (BBX) proteins act redundantly in Arabidopsis thaliana to mediate the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in response to karrikins?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "BBX20 and BBX22", "BBX20 and BBX21", "BBX22 and BBX23" ]	10.1111/tpj.15383	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1111/tpj.15383	2,021	34	1	Plant Journal	false
Which developmental response in Arabidopsis thaliana, regulated downstream of SMAX1 and SMXL2, is fully dependent on the HY5-BBX transcriptional module?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Anthocyanin accumulation", "Seed germination stimulation", "Inhibition of hypocotyl elongation" ]	10.1111/tpj.15383	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1111/tpj.15383	2,021	34	0	Plant Journal	false
How does the karrikin receptor KAI2 regulate the BBX20 protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, besides promoting its transcript levels?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "KAI2 promotes the degradation of BBX20 protein via the proteasome.", "KAI2 activity leads to post-transcriptional stabilization of BBX20 protein.", "KAI2 directly phosphorylates BBX20 to activate it." ]	10.1111/tpj.15383	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1111/tpj.15383	2,021	34	1	Plant Journal	false
What are the two key enzymes mediating the chlorophyll salvage pathway responsible for recycling chlorophyll during photosystem turnover in Arabidopsis?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) and geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR)", "Chlorophyll dephytylase 1 (CLD1) and chlorophyll synthase (CHLG)", "Mg dechelatase (SGR) and chlorophyll b reductase (NYC1)" ]	10.1111/tpj.15865	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1111/tpj.15865	2,022	16	1	Plant Journal	false
What metabolic intermediate accumulates in Arabidopsis chlg-1 mutants, particularly in the dark or under heat stress, due to insufficient chlorophyll synthase activity?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Chlorophyllide a", "Pheophytin a", "Protochlorophyllide" ]	10.1111/tpj.15865	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1111/tpj.15865	2,022	16	0	Plant Journal	false
Besides chlorophyll synthase (CHLG), which other proteins were shown to interact with chlorophyll dephytylase 1 (CLD1) potentially assisting in the chlorophyll salvage pathway in Arabidopsis?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "The LHC-like proteins OHP1 and LIL3", "Mg dechelatase (SGR) and ferrochelatase 2 (FeC2)", "The photosystem core proteins D1 and PSAL" ]	10.1111/tpj.15865	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1111/tpj.15865	2,022	16	0	Plant Journal	false
Does chlorophyll dephytylase 1 (CLD1) activity occur in Arabidopsis leaves kept in darkness, and what is the consequence in mutants with low chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) activity?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "No, CLD1 activity is strictly light-dependent, preventing chlorophyllide accumulation in the dark", "Yes, CLD1 is active in the dark, leading to chlorophyllide accumulation in low-CHLG mutants", "Yes, CLD1 is active, but it leads to chlorophyll degradation without chlorophyllide accumulation, even in low-CHLG mutants" ]	10.1111/tpj.15865	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1111/tpj.15865	2,022	16	1	Plant Journal	false
What is the primary proposed function of the chlorophyll salvage pathway involving CLD1 and CHLG in plants?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "To recycle chlorophyll components (chlorophyllide and phytol) during the turnover of photosystem proteins", "To degrade chlorophyll completely during leaf senescence", "To synthesize chlorophyll de novo from 5-aminolevulinic acid" ]	10.1111/tpj.15865	Non-specific	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1111/tpj.15865	2,022	16	0	Plant Journal	false
How do plant RTE LINEs generally differ structurally from plant L1 LINEs?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Both RTE and L1 LINEs in plants typically have a single ORF and a poly(A) tail.", "RTE LINEs have multiple ORFs and a poly(A) tail, while L1 LINEs have a single ORF and a microsatellite tail.", "RTE LINEs typically have a single ORF and a microsatellite tail (like [TTG]n), whereas L1 LINEs often have multiple ORFs and a poly(A) tail." ]	10.1111/tpj.16208	Non-specific	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1111/tpj.16208	2,023	1	2	Plant Journal	false
What is the proposed evolutionary strategy enabling the persistence of SoIRTE LINEs in Nicotiana genomes despite host silencing mechanisms?	EVOLUTION	[ "Nicotiana" ]	[ "Maintaining extremely high copy numbers to overwhelm host defenses, similar to mammalian LINEs.", "Frequent horizontal transfer between closely related Nicotiana species to escape species-specific silencing.", "An interplay between highly conserved 3' UTRs/ORF bodies and rapidly evolving, exchangeable 5' UTR promoter regions (5' switching)." ]	10.1111/tpj.16208	Solanaceae & Relatives	EVOLUTION	10.1111/tpj.16208	2,023	1	2	Plant Journal	false
What is the phylogenetic distribution pattern observed for SoIRTE-type RTE LINEs?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "They are widespread within the Solanaceae family but appear absent in closely related families like Convolvulaceae (Ipomoea).", "They are universally present across all flowering plants, including Solanaceae and outgroups like Beta vulgaris.", "They are found exclusively in the Nicotiana genus and not in other Solanaceae like Solanum or Capsicum." ]	10.1111/tpj.16208	Non-specific	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1111/tpj.16208	2,023	1	0	Plant Journal	false
In the allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum, what evidence suggests recent, albeit limited, transpositional activity of a specific SoIRTE subfamily after polyploidization?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Nicotiana tabacum" ]	[ "A massive burst of transposition affecting all SoIRTE families immediately following hybridization.", "The complete silencing and removal of all paternally derived SoIRTE variants from the N. tabacum genome.", "The identification of an SoIRTE_Nt1B insertion site in N. tabacum that is absent in the orthologous location of its maternal progenitor, N. sylvestris." ]	10.1111/tpj.16208	Solanaceae & Relatives	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1111/tpj.16208	2,023	1	2	Plant Journal	false
What structural feature variability is primarily used to classify SoIRTE LINEs into different subfamilies and variants within Nicotiana?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Nicotiana" ]	[ "The type of target site duplication (TSD) generated upon insertion.", "Differences in the sequences and lengths of their untranslated regions (UTRs), particularly the variable 5' UTR and variable part of the 3' UTR.", "Variations within the coding sequences of the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain." ]	10.1111/tpj.16208	Solanaceae & Relatives	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1111/tpj.16208	2,023	1	1	Plant Journal	false
How does the WOX11 gene influence the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and cyst nematodes?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "WOX11 restricts the radial expansion of the nematode feeding structure (syncytium) and reduces female nematode fecundity.", "WOX11 enhances nematode penetration into the root but does not affect syncytium size or nematode fecundity.", "WOX11 promotes the expansion of the syncytium, leading to increased nematode fecundity." ]	10.1111/tpj.16999	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1111/tpj.16999	2,024	2	0	Plant Journal	false
What is the proposed cellular mechanism by which WOX11 controls the size of nematode-induced syncytia in Arabidopsis thaliana?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "WOX11 increases the transport of sugars away from the syncytium, limiting its growth.", "WOX11 modulates cell wall plasticity, potentially through the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis.", "WOX11 directly blocks the secretion of effector proteins by the nematode." ]	10.1111/tpj.16999	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1111/tpj.16999	2,024	2	1	Plant Journal	false
Is the primary function of WOX11 in reducing cyst nematode fecundity in Arabidopsis thaliana linked to its role in promoting adventitious root formation?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "No, the function of WOX11 in controlling syncytium size appears distinct from its role in adventitious root formation, which confers tolerance.", "Yes, the adventitious roots induced by WOX11 directly compete with syncytia for essential nutrients.", "Yes, WOX11-induced adventitious roots enhance plant defense signaling, suppressing nematode reproduction." ]	10.1111/tpj.16999	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1111/tpj.16999	2,024	2	0	Plant Journal	false
How does inhibiting cellulose biosynthesis affect the development of nematode-induced syncytia in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana roots?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "It triggers a strong defense response that eliminates the syncytium.", "It leads to increased radial expansion of the syncytia, phenocopying the effect observed when WOX11 function is repressed.", "It causes the syncytial cell walls to become excessively rigid, preventing expansion." ]	10.1111/tpj.16999	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1111/tpj.16999	2,024	2	1	Plant Journal	false
What role does the transcription factor LBD16, regulated by WOX11, play during cyst nematode infection of Arabidopsis thaliana?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "LBD16 promotes syncytial expansion, counteracting the effect of WOX11.", "LBD16 is essential for the initial establishment of the syncytium but not its later expansion.", "LBD16 restricts the radial expansion of syncytia and attenuates female nematode growth, mirroring the function of WOX11." ]	10.1111/tpj.16999	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1111/tpj.16999	2,024	2	2	Plant Journal	false
Which diploid species are the paternal and maternal parents, respectively, of the sibling allopolyploid marsh orchids Dactylorhiza majalis and D. traunsteineri?	EVOLUTION	[ "Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri" ]	[ "Dactylorhiza fuchsii (paternal) and Dactylorhiza incarnata (maternal)", "Dactylorhiza majalis (paternal) and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (maternal)", "Dactylorhiza incarnata (paternal) and Dactylorhiza fuchsii (maternal)" ]	10.1111/tpj.70001	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	EVOLUTION	10.1111/tpj.70001	2,025	0	2	Plant Journal	false
Regarding the establishment of new Dactylorhiza polyploid lineages, what dual effects can phenotypic plasticity have?	EVOLUTION	[ "Dactylorhiza" ]	[ "It can facilitate colonization of novel environments but also permit gene flow with related species.", "It primarily increases competition with diploid relatives and prevents adaptation.", "It strictly prevents gene flow while allowing adaptation only to nutrient-rich soils." ]	10.1111/tpj.70001	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	EVOLUTION	10.1111/tpj.70001	2,025	0	0	Plant Journal	false
What type of response characterizes most gene expression differences found between Dactylorhiza majalis and D. traunsteineri when grown in different native habitats?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri" ]	[ "Fixed (constitutive) differences independent of the environment.", "Epigenetic silencing leading to identical expression patterns.", "Plastic responses specific to the environmental conditions." ]	10.1111/tpj.70001	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	GENE REGULATION	10.1111/tpj.70001	2,025	0	2	Plant Journal	false
How does the alpha diversity of the root fungal community typically compare between the nutrient-poor environment of Dactylorhiza traunsteineri and the more nutrient-rich environment of Dactylorhiza majalis?	ENVIRONMENT	[ "Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri" ]	[ "The nutrient-rich D. majalis environment harbors a higher diversity of fungal taxa.", "The nutrient-poor D. traunsteineri environment harbors a higher diversity of fungal taxa.", "Fungal diversity is consistently low and identical in both environments." ]	10.1111/tpj.70001	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	ENVIRONMENT	10.1111/tpj.70001	2,025	0	1	Plant Journal	false
Which sibling allopolyploid species, Dactylorhiza majalis or D. traunsteineri, demonstrates a greater degree of transcriptional remodeling (plasticity) when transplanted into the alternative environment of the other?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri" ]	[ "Dactylorhiza majalis exhibits greater transcriptional remodeling when moved to the D. traunsteineri environment.", "Both species exhibit nearly identical, minimal levels of transcriptional remodeling.", "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri exhibits greater transcriptional remodeling when moved to the D. majalis environment." ]	10.1111/tpj.70001	Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds	GENE REGULATION	10.1111/tpj.70001	2,025	0	2	Plant Journal	false
How does nitric oxide (NO) influence sporangiophore development in Phycomyces blakesleeanus in the absence of light?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]	[ "NO promotes microsporangiophore development and represses macrosporangiophore development.", "NO promotes macrosporangiophore development and represses microsporangiophore development, mimicking the effect of light.", "NO inhibits the development of both macro- and microsporangiophores." ]	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	2,001	58	1	Plant phys	false
What effect does the inhibition of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis have on the photomorphogenesis of sporangiophores in Phycomyces blakesleeanus?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]	[ "It enhances the light-induced promotion of macrosporangiophores but does not affect microsporangiophores.", "It has no effect on photomorphogenesis, only affecting dark development.", "It inhibits the typical light-induced changes, namely the promotion of macrosporangiophores and the repression of microsporangiophores." ]	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	2,001	58	2	Plant phys	false
What is the observed effect of blue light on NO synthase (NOS)-like activity in Phycomyces blakesleeanus?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]	[ "Blue light enhances NOS-like activity, leading to increased citrulline production and NO emission.", "Blue light converts NOS into an inactive form.", "Blue light inhibits NOS-like activity, reducing citrulline production." ]	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	2,001	58	0	Plant phys	false
Is the light-stimulated NO synthase (NOS)-like activity in Phycomyces blakesleeanus dependent on the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]	[ "Yes, the light-enhanced NOS activity requires the presence of BH4.", "No, the light-enhanced NOS activity is completely independent of BH4.", "BH4 is only required for basal NOS activity in the dark, not for the light-stimulated activity." ]	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	2,001	58	0	Plant phys	false
Which cofactors or ions influence the NO synthase (NOS)-like citrulline-forming activity found in Phycomyces blakesleeanus extracts?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]	[ "The activity is dependent on NADPH but independent of calcium.", "The activity is dependent on both NADPH and calcium.", "The activity is independent of NADPH but dependent on calcium." ]	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.126.3.1323	2,001	58	0	Plant phys	false
What are the primary roles of the cytosolic (GS1) and chloroplastic (GS2) glutamine synthetase isoforms in plant leaves?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "GS1 assimilates ammonia from various metabolic processes, while GS2 assimilates ammonia from nitrate reduction and photorespiration.", "GS1 assimilates ammonia from nitrate reduction and photorespiration, while GS2 assimilates ammonia from symbiotic nitrogen fixation.", "Both GS1 and GS2 primarily function in assimilating ammonia released during protein breakdown in the cytosol." ]	10.1104/pp.010380	Non-specific	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.010380	2,002	38	0	Plant phys	false
How are the cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) genes classified in soybean (Glycine max), and how many members are suggested for each class?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Glycine max" ]	[ "They are classified into four classes (I, II, III, IV) based on promoter structure, with each class having a single member.", "They are classified into two classes (GS1A, GS1B) based on coding sequence similarity, with each class having three members.", "They are classified into three distinct classes (α, β, γ) based on 3'-UTR sequence divergence, with each class likely having two distinct members." ]	10.1104/pp.010380	Legumes	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1104/pp.010380	2,002	38	2	Plant phys	false
Which cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) gene class in soybean (Glycine max) shows expression primarily specific to nodules?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Glycine max" ]	[ "The Gmgln-β genes.", "The Gmgln-α genes.", "The Gmgln-γ1 gene." ]	10.1104/pp.010380	Legumes	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.010380	2,002	38	2	Plant phys	false
How does the regulation of gln-β genes by ammonia differ between soybean (Glycine max) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Glycine max" ]	[ "In French bean, gln-β genes are inducible by ammonia, whereas in soybean, they are repressed by ammonia.", "Both soybean and French bean gln-β genes are constitutively expressed and not regulated by ammonia levels.", "In soybean, gln-β genes are inducible by ammonia (or reduced N), whereas in French bean, the homologous gene is not." ]	10.1104/pp.010380	Legumes	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.010380	2,002	38	2	Plant phys	false
What structural features are characteristic of the promoter regions of the two soybean (Glycine max) gln-γ genes (Gmgln-γ1 and Gmgln-γ2)?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Glycine max" ]	[ "They lack TATA boxes and rely solely on nodulin consensus sequences for initiation of transcription.", "They share homology near the TATA box but diverge significantly upstream, although both contain putative nodulin consensus and NAT2-binding sites.", "They are highly homologous throughout their entire length, including identical enhancer elements." ]	10.1104/pp.010380	Legumes	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.010380	2,002	38	1	Plant phys	false
What primary factor significantly offsets the potential increase in leaf photosynthesis (A) under elevated atmospheric pCO2 during the continuous light period of a simulated polar summer in conifers like coastal redwood, dawn redwood, and swamp cypress?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]	[ "A significant increase in photorespiration rates", "Enhanced stomatal closure reducing CO2 uptake", "A strong acclimation involving a decrease in Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vc,max)" ]	10.1104/pp.103.026567	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.103.026567	2,003	17	2	Plant phys	false
Is the observed summer photosynthetic acclimation (reduction in Vc,max) in conifers like coastal redwood, dawn redwood, and swamp cypress under simulated polar conditions a permanent change for the leaves?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]	[ "It is permanent only in the deciduous species (dawn redwood and swamp cypress), but not the evergreen (coastal redwood).", "No, the acclimation is temporary, and CO2 sensitivity of photosynthesis (A) is largely restored during autumn.", "Yes, the reduced photosynthetic capacity persists until leaf senescence." ]	10.1104/pp.103.026567	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.103.026567	2,003	17	1	Plant phys	false
What biochemical change in leaves is closely associated with the summer decline in Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vc,max) during photosynthetic acclimation in conifers like coastal redwood, dawn redwood, and swamp cypress under simulated polar summer conditions?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]	[ "A consistent and significant accumulation of soluble sugars.", "A decline in total leaf nitrogen content.", "A universal increase in leaf starch concentration across all species." ]	10.1104/pp.103.026567	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.103.026567	2,003	17	1	Plant phys	false
How does the magnitude of carbon loss through complete leaf abscission in deciduous conifers (like dawn redwood) compare to the carbon loss via winter respiration and partial abscission in related evergreen conifers (like coastal redwood) under simulated warm polar conditions?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]	[ "Carbon loss through deciduous leaf abscission is significantly greater than that from evergreen winter respiration and abscission.", "The carbon losses from both strategies are approximately equal.", "Carbon loss through evergreen winter respiration is significantly greater than that from deciduous leaf abscission." ]	10.1104/pp.103.026567	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.103.026567	2,003	17	0	Plant phys	false
In conifers like coastal redwood, dawn redwood, and swamp cypress grown under elevated pCO2, what limits the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) during spring and fall?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]	[ "The capacity for RuBP regeneration via electron transport (Jmax).", "Significantly reduced stomatal conductance limiting CO2 diffusion.", "The carboxylation efficiency mediated by Rubisco (Vc,max)." ]	10.1104/pp.103.026567	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.103.026567	2,003	17	2	Plant phys	false
How many conventional [2Fe-2S] Ferredoxin proteins are encoded in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, and what are their general types?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Four proteins: two leaf types, one root type, and one unique high-potential type.", "Six proteins: three leaf types and three root types.", "Three proteins: one leaf type, one root type, and one high-potential type." ]	10.1104/pp.103.032755	Model Organisms	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1104/pp.103.032755	2,004	120	0	Plant phys	false
What functional distinction exists between leaf-type (e.g., AtFd1/AtFd2) and root-type (e.g., AtFd3) Ferredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Leaf types are more efficient in photosynthetic NADP+ reduction, while the root type is more efficient in non-photosynthetic sulfite reduction.", "Both types are equally efficient in photosynthesis and sulfite reduction, differing only in tissue expression.", "Root types are more efficient in photosynthetic NADP+ reduction, while leaf types excel in sulfite reduction." ]	10.1104/pp.103.032755	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.103.032755	2,004	120	0	Plant phys	false
What is a distinctive characteristic of the Arabidopsis thaliana Ferredoxin AtFd4 compared to other conventional Ferredoxins?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "It lacks the [2Fe-2S] cluster entirely, functioning through a different mechanism.", "It has an exceptionally low (negative) redox potential, making it a universal electron donor.", "It possesses a remarkably high (positive) redox potential, limiting its electron transfer partners." ]	10.1104/pp.103.032755	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.103.032755	2,004	120	2	Plant phys	false
Which conventional Ferredoxin protein is most abundant in mature Arabidopsis thaliana leaves?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "AtFd2 (a leaf-type Ferredoxin).", "AtFd3 (the root-type Ferredoxin).", "AtFd4 (the unique high-potential Ferredoxin)." ]	10.1104/pp.103.032755	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.103.032755	2,004	120	0	Plant phys	false
How do the redox potentials generally compare between the different types of conventional Ferredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "All conventional Ferredoxin types have roughly the same negative redox potential.", "AtFd4 has the most negative potential, followed by leaf types, and then the root type.", "Leaf types (AtFd1/AtFd2) have the most negative potentials, followed by the root type (AtFd3), with AtFd4 having the most positive potential." ]	10.1104/pp.103.032755	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.103.032755	2,004	120	2	Plant phys	false
What is the molecular consequence of the tRNAala anticodon mutation (CGC to CAC) identified in an auxin-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana mutant?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "The tRNA fails to be charged with any amino acid.", "The tRNA is charged with Alanine but recognizes a Valine codon (GUG).", "The tRNA is charged with Valine but recognizes an Alanine codon (GCG)." ]	10.1104/pp.105.068700	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.105.068700	2,005	15	1	Plant phys	false
Which phenotype is characteristic of the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant carrying a specific tRNAala anticodon mutation conferring auxin resistance?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Enhanced lateral root development.", "Homozygous embryonic lethality.", "Increased sensitivity to ethylene." ]	10.1104/pp.105.068700	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1104/pp.105.068700	2,005	15	1	Plant phys	false
How does the auxin resistance phenotype caused by a specific tRNAala anticodon mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana segregate?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "It is not heritable.", "In a recessive fashion.", "In a dominant fashion." ]	10.1104/pp.105.068700	Model Organisms	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1104/pp.105.068700	2,005	15	2	Plant phys	false
Does the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant with the tRNAala anticodon mutation show altered sensitivity to the ethylene precursor ACC?	HORMONES	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Yes, it shows increased sensitivity to ACC.", "Yes, it shows resistance to ACC.", "No, it retains wild-type sensitivity to ACC." ]	10.1104/pp.105.068700	Model Organisms	HORMONES	10.1104/pp.105.068700	2,005	15	2	Plant phys	false
How is the auxin-induced expression of the IAA19 gene affected in the Arabidopsis thaliana tRNAala anticodon mutant?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "IAA19 fails to be induced by IAA.", "IAA19 is constitutively expressed at high levels.", "IAA19 induction by IAA remains comparable to wild-type." ]	10.1104/pp.105.068700	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.105.068700	2,005	15	2	Plant phys	false
How do Golgi stacks and Prevacuolar Compartments (PVCs) respond differently to low concentrations (5-10 µg/mL) of Brefeldin A (BFA) in typical plant cells?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Both Golgi and PVCs form large aggregates.", "Golgi forms aggregates or ER-Golgi hybrids, while PVCs remain largely unaffected.", "PVCs form aggregates, while Golgi structures remain unaffected." ]	10.1104/pp.106.090423	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.106.090423	2,006	51	1	Plant phys	false
In tobacco BY-2 cells treated with a high concentration of Brefeldin A (BFA, 50 µg/mL), what is the observed timing difference in aggregate formation between Golgi and Prevacuolar Compartments (PVCs)?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Nicotiana tabacum" ]	[ "PVC aggregates form significantly earlier (around 15 minutes) compared to Golgi aggregates (around 45 minutes).", "Golgi aggregates form significantly earlier (around 15 minutes) compared to PVC aggregates (around 45 minutes).", "Both Golgi and PVC aggregates start forming simultaneously after approximately 30 minutes." ]	10.1104/pp.106.090423	Solanaceae & Relatives	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.106.090423	2,006	51	1	Plant phys	false
Are the structural changes induced by high concentrations (50-100 µg/mL) of Brefeldin A (BFA) on Golgi and PVCs in tobacco BY-2 cells permanent?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Nicotiana tabacum" ]	[ "No, the BFA-induced aggregates dissipate, and normal punctate organelle structures can be fully recovered upon removal of BFA.", "Yes, the formation of aggregates represents irreversible damage to the organelles.", "Only Golgi aggregates are reversible; PVC aggregates persist after BFA removal." ]	10.1104/pp.106.090423	Solanaceae & Relatives	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.106.090423	2,006	51	0	Plant phys	false
When plant cells are treated with high concentrations of Brefeldin A (BFA), what is the structural relationship between the resulting Golgi-derived and PVC-derived aggregates?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "The aggregates are segregated into completely different cytoplasmic regions with no observable interaction.", "Golgi and PVCs fuse completely, forming large, indistinguishable hybrid BFA compartments.", "The aggregates derived from Golgi and PVCs remain physically distinct compartments, although they are often found closely associated." ]	10.1104/pp.106.090423	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.106.090423	2,006	51	2	Plant phys	false
Is the phenomenon of Brefeldin A (BFA) inducing aggregation of VSR-marked Prevacuolar Compartments (PVCs) at high concentrations restricted to specific cell types like tobacco BY-2 suspension cells?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "No, similar PVC aggregation responses to high BFA have been observed in root-tip cells of various plants including pea, mung bean, and Arabidopsis.", "Yes, this specific response is only documented in the tobacco BY-2 cell line.", "No, it occurs in other species, but only in suspension culture cells, not differentiated tissues like root tips." ]	10.1104/pp.106.090423	Non-specific	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.106.090423	2,006	51	0	Plant phys	false
What are the key components mediating high-affinity sulfate uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana roots under sulfur limitation, and what is their relative contribution?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "SULTR3;5 and SULTR2;1 act cooperatively as the primary high-affinity uptake system.", "Only SULTR1;1 is essential for high-affinity uptake; SULTR1;2 is mainly involved in transport to shoots.", "SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 are essential, with SULTR1;2 generally having a predominant role in total uptake capacity." ]	10.1104/pp.107.105742	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.107.105742	2,007	127	2	Plant phys	false
How is the functional abundance of SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 sulfate transporters primarily regulated in Arabidopsis thaliana roots in response to sulfur availability?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Mainly through posttranscriptional control that leads to increased protein accumulation under sulfur deficiency.", "Solely through transcriptional activation mediated by sulfur-responsive promoter elements.", "Primarily by altering mRNA stability and degradation rates in the cytoplasm depending on sulfur levels." ]	10.1104/pp.107.105742	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.107.105742	2,007	127	0	Plant phys	false
When SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 are expressed under a constitutive promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana, where and under what condition do the transporter proteins predominantly accumulate?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Exclusively in the roots, with significant accumulation occurring specifically during periods of sulfur starvation.", "Predominantly in the leaves, especially when the plant is supplied with adequate sulfate.", "Accumulation occurs equally in roots and leaves, largely independent of the plant's sulfur nutritional status." ]	10.1104/pp.107.105742	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.107.105742	2,007	127	0	Plant phys	false
What is the major physiological impact observed in Arabidopsis thaliana plants that lack functional copies of both SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 genes?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "A complete loss of high-affinity sulfate uptake capacity from the environment and severely inhibited growth, particularly under low-sulfur conditions.", "Normal sulfate uptake in roots but significantly reduced translocation of sulfate from roots to shoots.", "Enhanced sulfate uptake due to the upregulation of compensatory low-affinity transport systems." ]	10.1104/pp.107.105742	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.107.105742	2,007	127	0	Plant phys	false
During short-term sulfur starvation (e.g., 8-72 hours) in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing SULTR1;1 or SULTR1;2 from a constitutive promoter, what is the typical relationship between the levels of the transporter protein and its corresponding mRNA?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "mRNA levels rise significantly due to stress responses, but protein levels are suppressed posttranscriptionally, limiting uptake.", "Both mRNA and protein levels show a large and proportional increase throughout the starvation period.", "The protein levels increase substantially, leading to higher uptake capacity, while the mRNA levels remain relatively constant during this period." ]	10.1104/pp.107.105742	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.107.105742	2,007	127	2	Plant phys	false
What is the primary role of PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1 (PKS1) in the negative phototropism of Arabidopsis thaliana roots?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "PKS1 inhibits negative phototropism in response to blue light.", "PKS1 mediates positive phototropism in response to red light.", "PKS1 is essential for mediating the negative phototropic response to unilateral blue light." ]	10.1104/pp.107.106468	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.107.106468	2,007	61	2	Plant phys	false
How does PKS1 influence root gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "PKS1 enhances root gravitropism, making roots more sensitive to gravity.", "PKS1 is required for the perception of gravity but does not regulate the response intensity.", "PKS1 negatively regulates root gravitropism, meaning its presence reduces the gravitropic response." ]	10.1104/pp.107.106468	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.107.106468	2,007	61	2	Plant phys	false
Which photoreceptor is required for the blue light-induced enhancement of PKS1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana roots?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Phytochrome A (phyA) is required for enhanced PKS1 expression in response to blue light.", "Phototropin 1 (phot1) is solely responsible for enhancing PKS1 expression under blue light.", "Cryptochrome 1 (cry1) mediates the blue light induction of PKS1 expression." ]	10.1104/pp.107.106468	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.107.106468	2,007	61	0	Plant phys	false
Does the effect of PKS1 on root phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana depend entirely on its influence on gravitropism?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "No, PKS1 affects root phototropism directly, even when gravitational influence is minimized.", "The influence is indirect; PKS1 only modulates phototropin sensitivity to light.", "Yes, the phototropic defect in pks1 mutants is solely due to their enhanced gravitropic response." ]	10.1104/pp.107.106468	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.107.106468	2,007	61	0	Plant phys	false
What is the temporal relationship between the blue light-induced increase in PKS1 expression and the visible root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana phototropism?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "Increased PKS1 expression occurs several hours before detectable root curvature.", "Increased PKS1 expression happens concurrently with the initiation of root bending.", "Root bending precedes the increase in PKS1 expression." ]	10.1104/pp.107.106468	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.107.106468	2,007	61	0	Plant phys	false
What is the molecular identity and primary function of the protein encoded by the TIR2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana?	HORMONES	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "It is identical to ASA1, an anthranilate synthase involved in tryptophan biosynthesis.", "It is identical to TAA1, a tryptophan aminotransferase involved in the IPA pathway of auxin biosynthesis.", "It is identical to TIR1, an F-box protein that functions as an auxin receptor." ]	10.1104/pp.109.138859	Model Organisms	HORMONES	10.1104/pp.109.138859	2,009	168	1	Plant phys	false
How does a mutation in the TIR2 gene affect the sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to the tryptophan analog 5-methyl-tryptophan (5-MT)?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "tir2 mutants are hypersensitive to 5-MT.", "tir2 mutants show wild-type sensitivity to 5-MT.", "tir2 mutants are resistant to 5-MT." ]	10.1104/pp.109.138859	Model Organisms	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.109.138859	2,009	168	0	Plant phys	false
What role does the TIR2 gene play in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls to elevated temperatures?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "TIR2 expression is repressed by higher temperatures, causing reduced hypocotyl growth.", "TIR2 is required for temperature-dependent hypocotyl elongation, and its expression increases at higher temperatures.", "TIR2 inhibits hypocotyl elongation at higher temperatures by reducing auxin synthesis." ]	10.1104/pp.109.138859	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1104/pp.109.138859	2,009	168	1	Plant phys	false
How is the expression of the TIR2 gene spatially regulated in Arabidopsis thaliana roots undergoing gravitropic bending?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "TIR2 expression is repressed on the lower side and induced on the upper side of the root.", "TIR2 expression is induced uniformly throughout the root tip.", "TIR2 expression is induced specifically in the epidermal cells on the lower side of the root." ]	10.1104/pp.109.138859	Model Organisms	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.109.138859	2,009	168	2	Plant phys	false
What phenotype characterizes the response of Arabidopsis thaliana tir2 mutants to the auxin transport inhibitor NPA and to exogenous auxins like IAA?	HORMONES	[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]	[ "tir2 mutants are resistant to both NPA and exogenous IAA.", "tir2 mutants are hypersensitive to NPA and resistant to exogenous IAA.", "tir2 mutants are resistant to NPA but respond normally to exogenous IAA." ]	10.1104/pp.109.138859	Model Organisms	HORMONES	10.1104/pp.109.138859	2,009	168	2	Plant phys	false
What is the primary effect of homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the OsKu70 gene on telomere length in Oryza sativa?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Telomeres become markedly longer compared to wild-type plants.", "Telomere length remains unchanged compared to wild-type plants.", "Telomeres become significantly shorter compared to wild-type plants." ]	10.1104/pp.109.150391	Model Organisms	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1104/pp.109.150391	2,009	28	0	Plant phys	false
Which significant developmental phenotype is observed in homozygous osku70 knockout mutants of Oryza sativa under normal growth conditions?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Severe defects in both vegetative and reproductive growth, leading to sterility.", "Enhanced vegetative growth but reduced seed production.", "Normal vegetative growth but complete absence of flower formation." ]	10.1104/pp.109.150391	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1104/pp.109.150391	2,009	28	0	Plant phys	false
Which protein forms a heterodimer complex by physically interacting with OsKu70 in Oryza sativa?	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "OsRTBP1", "OsMre11", "OsKu80" ]	10.1104/pp.109.150391	Model Organisms	CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING	10.1104/pp.109.150391	2,009	28	2	Plant phys	false
How does the absence of functional OsKu70 affect the response of Oryza sativa seedlings to the DNA-damaging agent methyl-methane sulfonate (MMS)?	GENOME AND GENOMICS	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Their sensitivity remains the same as wild-type seedlings.", "They exhibit increased sensitivity and growth inhibition.", "They show increased tolerance and faster growth." ]	10.1104/pp.109.150391	Model Organisms	GENOME AND GENOMICS	10.1104/pp.109.150391	2,009	28	1	Plant phys	false
What is a key difference in the observed phenotypes between Ku70 loss-of-function mutants in Oryza sativa (OsKu70) and Arabidopsis thaliana (AtKu70) under standard growth conditions?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Oryza sativa" ]	[ "Both Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis mutants show identical, severe developmental defects.", "Arabidopsis mutants display severe developmental abnormalities, while Oryza sativa mutants appear phenotypically normal.", "Oryza sativa mutants display severe developmental abnormalities, while Arabidopsis mutants appear phenotypically normal." ]	10.1104/pp.109.150391	Model Organisms	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1104/pp.109.150391	2,009	28	2	Plant phys	false
What approximate percentage of wood production in Eucalyptus miniata branches is attributed to corticular photosynthesis?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Eucalyptus miniata" ]	[ "11%", "50%", "1%" ]	10.1104/pp.110.163337	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.110.163337	2,010	64	0	Plant phys	false
What is the primary source of CO2 utilized during corticular photosynthesis in the bark of woody plants?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Direct uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere.", "CO2 transported dissolved in xylem sap from the roots.", "Internally respired CO2 from woody tissues." ]	10.1104/pp.110.163337	Non-specific	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.110.163337	2,010	64	2	Plant phys	false
What is considered a major evolutionary advantage of maintaining smooth bark via seasonal shedding in some Eucalyptus species, despite the cost of reduced fire resistance?	EVOLUTION	[ "Eucalyptus" ]	[ "The maintenance of capacity for corticular photosynthesis as the tree grows.", "Improved defense against herbivorous insects.", "Increased water absorption from rainfall running down the trunk." ]	10.1104/pp.110.163337	Woody Perennials & Trees	EVOLUTION	10.1104/pp.110.163337	2,010	64	0	Plant phys	false
Compared to leaf photosynthesis, what is characteristic of the water use efficiency of corticular photosynthesis?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "non-specific" ]	[ "Its water use efficiency is highly variable and similar to leaves.", "It proceeds with minimal water loss, making it highly water-efficient.", "It requires significantly more water per unit of carbon fixed." ]	10.1104/pp.110.163337	Non-specific	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.110.163337	2,010	64	1	Plant phys	false
What specific pattern of bark type is observed on mature Eucalyptus miniata trees?	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	[ "Eucalyptus miniata" ]	[ "Thick, persistent bark covering the entire trunk and branches.", "Completely smooth bark covering the entire trunk and branches.", "Thick, persistent bark on the lower trunk and smooth, seasonally shedding bark on the upper trunk and branches." ]	10.1104/pp.110.163337	Woody Perennials & Trees	GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	10.1104/pp.110.163337	2,010	64	2	Plant phys	false
What is a significant metabolic consequence of nitrogen deprivation in Zea mays source leaves concerning phosphate homeostasis?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Zea mays" ]	[ "Accumulation of phosphate and up-regulation of phosphate starvation response genes.", "Accumulation of phosphate and down-regulation of phosphate starvation response genes.", "Depletion of phosphate and up-regulation of phosphate starvation response genes." ]	10.1104/pp.112.204420	Cereal Grains	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.112.204420	2,012	180	1	Plant phys	false
How does nitrogen starvation selectively affect nitrogen assimilation pathways at the transcript level in Zea mays source leaves?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Zea mays" ]	[ "Transcripts for both nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation are strongly down-regulated.", "Transcripts for ammonium assimilation are down-regulated, while those for nitrate reduction remain largely unaffected.", "Transcripts for nitrate reduction are down-regulated, while those for ammonium assimilation remain largely unaffected." ]	10.1104/pp.112.204420	Cereal Grains	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.112.204420	2,012	180	2	Plant phys	false
What shift occurs in carbohydrate allocation within Zea mays source leaves under nitrogen deficiency?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Zea mays" ]	[ "Starch accumulates slightly, but more carbohydrates are channelled into cell walls and secondary metabolites.", "Starch levels decrease significantly, and carbohydrates are primarily used for respiration.", "Soluble sugar levels increase dramatically, while starch and cell wall synthesis decrease." ]	10.1104/pp.112.204420	Cereal Grains	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.112.204420	2,012	180	0	Plant phys	false
What shared transcriptional pattern links nitrogen metabolism and phosphate homeostasis regulation in Zea mays leaves under N deficiency?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Zea mays" ]	[ "Phosphate homeostasis genes are down-regulated, while nitrogen metabolism genes are up-regulated.", "Genes involved in both nitrogen metabolism and phosphate homeostasis regulation are predominantly down-regulated.", "Nitrogen metabolism genes are down-regulated, while phosphate homeostasis genes are up-regulated." ]	10.1104/pp.112.204420	Cereal Grains	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.112.204420	2,012	180	1	Plant phys	false
Which classes of transcription factors show significant down-regulation in Zea mays source leaves during nitrogen deficiency, potentially impacting C4-specific gene expression?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Zea mays" ]	[ "MADS-box and NAC transcription factors.", "WRKY and bZIP transcription factors.", "Specific MYB and LOB transcription factors." ]	10.1104/pp.112.204420	Cereal Grains	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.112.204420	2,012	180	2	Plant phys	false
What are the primary groups of chemical defense compounds produced by Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark against fungal and bark beetle invasion?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Picea abies" ]	[ "Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides", "Glucosinolates and flavonoids", "Terpenoid resins and stilbenes" ]	10.1104/pp.113.218610	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.113.218610	2,013	132	2	Plant phys	false
How does the fungus Ceratocystis polonica counteract the antifungal stilbene defenses present in Norway spruce bark?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Picea abies" ]	[ "It metabolizes stilbenes into ring-opened lactones, aglycones, and dimers.", "It secretes enzymes that degrade the spruce cell wall before stilbenes are released.", "It actively pumps stilbenes out of its cells using transport proteins." ]	10.1104/pp.113.218610	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.113.218610	2,013	132	0	Plant phys	false
How do stilbene levels in Picea abies bark change during Ceratocystis polonica infection when stilbene synthase gene expression is induced?	GENE REGULATION	[ "Picea abies" ]	[ "Stilbene concentrations decrease due to rapid metabolism by the fungus.", "Stilbene concentrations remain unchanged as synthesis balances degradation.", "Stilbene concentrations increase proportionally to gene expression." ]	10.1104/pp.113.218610	Woody Perennials & Trees	GENE REGULATION	10.1104/pp.113.218610	2,013	132	0	Plant phys	false
What metabolic capability is linked to higher virulence among different strains of the fungus Ceratocystis polonica when infecting Norway spruce?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Picea abies" ]	[ "Enhanced production of blue-stain pigments.", "Faster biotransformation and degradation of host stilbenes.", "More efficient uptake of simple sugars from the host." ]	10.1104/pp.113.218610	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.113.218610	2,013	132	1	Plant phys	false
Beyond detoxification, what nutritional advantage can the fungus Ceratocystis polonica gain from metabolizing phenolic compounds like stilbenes from its host, Picea abies?	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	[ "Picea abies" ]	[ "It acquires essential nitrogen unavailable elsewhere in the host.", "It can potentially utilize these compounds as a carbon source for growth.", "It obtains phosphate groups required for energy metabolism." ]	10.1104/pp.113.218610	Woody Perennials & Trees	PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM	10.1104/pp.113.218610	2,013	132	1	Plant phys	false

Which phytohormone is implicated as working downstream of strigolactone (SL) to mediate axillary bud dormancy in rice?

HORMONES

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Gibberellin (GA)", "Cytokinin (CK)", "Abscisic acid (ABA)" ]

10.1111/tpj.14266

Model Organisms

HORMONES

10.1111/tpj.14266

2,019

54

2

Plant Journal

false

In rice axillary buds, where is the primary site proposed for strigolactone (SL) function in mediating dormancy?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Shoot apical meristem (SAM)", "Vascular bundles connecting the bud", "Leaf primordia" ]

10.1111/tpj.14266

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1111/tpj.14266

2,019

54

2

Plant Journal

false

What cellular process primarily arrests in the leaf primordia of rice axillary buds when they enter strigolactone-mediated dormancy?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Cell division", "Cell expansion", "Cell differentiation into vascular tissue" ]

10.1111/tpj.14266

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1111/tpj.14266

2,019

54

0

Plant Journal

false

Overexpression of which gene, involved in ABA biosynthesis, leads to decreased tiller number in rice?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "FINE CULM1 (FC1)", "DWARF14 (D14)", "OsNCED1" ]

10.1111/tpj.14266

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1111/tpj.14266

2,019

54

2

Plant Journal

false

Which types of genes are typically downregulated in rice axillary buds as they enter strigolactone-mediated dormancy?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes", "Cell cycle and ribosomal genes", "Strigolactone (SL) signaling genes like D14" ]

10.1111/tpj.14266

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1111/tpj.14266

2,019

54

1

Plant Journal

false

Which characteristic distinguishes Poncirus trifoliata from most evergreen Citrus species?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]

[ "It is deciduous", "It produces sweet, edible fruit", "It lacks thorns on its shoots" ]

10.1111/tpj.14993

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1111/tpj.14993

2,020

85

0

Plant Journal

false

What mechanism contributes significantly to the enhanced cold tolerance observed in Poncirus trifoliata?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]

[ "Specific adaptations in both CBF-dependent and CBF-independent cold signaling pathways", "A complete absence of the CBF signaling pathway, relying solely on alternative mechanisms", "Exclusive reliance on the CBF-dependent cold signaling pathway" ]

10.1111/tpj.14993

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1111/tpj.14993

2,020

85

0

Plant Journal

false

What type of genes are notably clustered within quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with HLB tolerance and resistance to CTV and citrus nematode in Poncirus trifoliata?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]

[ "Photosynthesis-related genes", "Flowering time control genes", "Nucleotide-binding site (NBS) genes" ]

10.1111/tpj.14993

Woody Perennials & Trees

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1111/tpj.14993

2,020

85

2

Plant Journal

false

Approximately how long ago did the lineage leading to Poncirus trifoliata diverge from the common ancestor it shares with the Citrus clade?

EVOLUTION

[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]

[ "9.8 million years ago", "50 million years ago", "2.8 million years ago" ]

10.1111/tpj.14993

Woody Perennials & Trees

EVOLUTION

10.1111/tpj.14993

2,020

85

0

Plant Journal

false

What does the high genetic relatedness (r=1) between the Poncirus trifoliata accessions 'Flying Dragon' and 'Rubidoux' indicate about their origin?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Poncirus trifoliata" ]

[ "They represent distinct wild populations collected from geographically isolated regions.", "They are clonally related, likely originating via somatic mutation from a common ancestor.", "They originated from separate hybridization events with different Citrus species." ]

10.1111/tpj.14993

Woody Perennials & Trees

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1111/tpj.14993

2,020

85

1

Plant Journal

false

Which proteins are targeted for degradation by the KAI2-SCF(MAX2) complex in the karrikin signaling pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "SMAX1 and SMXL2", "KAI2 and MAX2", "HY5 and BBX20" ]

10.1111/tpj.15383

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1111/tpj.15383

2,021

34

0

Plant Journal

false

What transcriptional module integrates karrikin and light signaling to control seedling photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "SMAX1-SMXL2-TPL", "KAI2-MAX2-COP1", "HY5-BBX20/BBX21" ]

10.1111/tpj.15383

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1111/tpj.15383

2,021

34

2

Plant Journal

false

Which B-BOX DOMAIN (BBX) proteins act redundantly in Arabidopsis thaliana to mediate the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in response to karrikins?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "BBX20 and BBX22", "BBX20 and BBX21", "BBX22 and BBX23" ]

10.1111/tpj.15383

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1111/tpj.15383

2,021

34

1

Plant Journal

false

Which developmental response in Arabidopsis thaliana, regulated downstream of SMAX1 and SMXL2, is fully dependent on the HY5-BBX transcriptional module?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Anthocyanin accumulation", "Seed germination stimulation", "Inhibition of hypocotyl elongation" ]

10.1111/tpj.15383

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1111/tpj.15383

2,021

34

0

Plant Journal

false

How does the karrikin receptor KAI2 regulate the BBX20 protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, besides promoting its transcript levels?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "KAI2 promotes the degradation of BBX20 protein via the proteasome.", "KAI2 activity leads to post-transcriptional stabilization of BBX20 protein.", "KAI2 directly phosphorylates BBX20 to activate it." ]

10.1111/tpj.15383

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1111/tpj.15383

2,021

34

1

Plant Journal

false

What are the two key enzymes mediating the chlorophyll salvage pathway responsible for recycling chlorophyll during photosystem turnover in Arabidopsis?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) and geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR)", "Chlorophyll dephytylase 1 (CLD1) and chlorophyll synthase (CHLG)", "Mg dechelatase (SGR) and chlorophyll b reductase (NYC1)" ]

10.1111/tpj.15865

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1111/tpj.15865

2,022

16

1

Plant Journal

false

What metabolic intermediate accumulates in Arabidopsis chlg-1 mutants, particularly in the dark or under heat stress, due to insufficient chlorophyll synthase activity?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Chlorophyllide a", "Pheophytin a", "Protochlorophyllide" ]

10.1111/tpj.15865

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1111/tpj.15865

2,022

16

0

Plant Journal

false

Besides chlorophyll synthase (CHLG), which other proteins were shown to interact with chlorophyll dephytylase 1 (CLD1) potentially assisting in the chlorophyll salvage pathway in Arabidopsis?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "The LHC-like proteins OHP1 and LIL3", "Mg dechelatase (SGR) and ferrochelatase 2 (FeC2)", "The photosystem core proteins D1 and PSAL" ]

10.1111/tpj.15865

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1111/tpj.15865

2,022

16

0

Plant Journal

false

Does chlorophyll dephytylase 1 (CLD1) activity occur in Arabidopsis leaves kept in darkness, and what is the consequence in mutants with low chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) activity?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "No, CLD1 activity is strictly light-dependent, preventing chlorophyllide accumulation in the dark", "Yes, CLD1 is active in the dark, leading to chlorophyllide accumulation in low-CHLG mutants", "Yes, CLD1 is active, but it leads to chlorophyll degradation without chlorophyllide accumulation, even in low-CHLG mutants" ]

10.1111/tpj.15865

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1111/tpj.15865

2,022

16

1

Plant Journal

false

What is the primary proposed function of the chlorophyll salvage pathway involving CLD1 and CHLG in plants?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "To recycle chlorophyll components (chlorophyllide and phytol) during the turnover of photosystem proteins", "To degrade chlorophyll completely during leaf senescence", "To synthesize chlorophyll de novo from 5-aminolevulinic acid" ]

10.1111/tpj.15865

Non-specific

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1111/tpj.15865

2,022

16

0

Plant Journal

false

How do plant RTE LINEs generally differ structurally from plant L1 LINEs?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Both RTE and L1 LINEs in plants typically have a single ORF and a poly(A) tail.", "RTE LINEs have multiple ORFs and a poly(A) tail, while L1 LINEs have a single ORF and a microsatellite tail.", "RTE LINEs typically have a single ORF and a microsatellite tail (like [TTG]n), whereas L1 LINEs often have multiple ORFs and a poly(A) tail." ]

10.1111/tpj.16208

Non-specific

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1111/tpj.16208

2,023

1

2

Plant Journal

false

What is the proposed evolutionary strategy enabling the persistence of SoIRTE LINEs in Nicotiana genomes despite host silencing mechanisms?

EVOLUTION

[ "Nicotiana" ]

[ "Maintaining extremely high copy numbers to overwhelm host defenses, similar to mammalian LINEs.", "Frequent horizontal transfer between closely related Nicotiana species to escape species-specific silencing.", "An interplay between highly conserved 3' UTRs/ORF bodies and rapidly evolving, exchangeable 5' UTR promoter regions (5' switching)." ]

10.1111/tpj.16208

Solanaceae & Relatives

EVOLUTION

10.1111/tpj.16208

2,023

1

2

Plant Journal

false

What is the phylogenetic distribution pattern observed for SoIRTE-type RTE LINEs?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "They are widespread within the Solanaceae family but appear absent in closely related families like Convolvulaceae (Ipomoea).", "They are universally present across all flowering plants, including Solanaceae and outgroups like Beta vulgaris.", "They are found exclusively in the Nicotiana genus and not in other Solanaceae like Solanum or Capsicum." ]

10.1111/tpj.16208

Non-specific

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1111/tpj.16208

2,023

1

0

Plant Journal

false

In the allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum, what evidence suggests recent, albeit limited, transpositional activity of a specific SoIRTE subfamily after polyploidization?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Nicotiana tabacum" ]

[ "A massive burst of transposition affecting all SoIRTE families immediately following hybridization.", "The complete silencing and removal of all paternally derived SoIRTE variants from the N. tabacum genome.", "The identification of an SoIRTE_Nt1B insertion site in N. tabacum that is absent in the orthologous location of its maternal progenitor, N. sylvestris." ]

10.1111/tpj.16208

Solanaceae & Relatives

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1111/tpj.16208

2,023

1

2

Plant Journal

false

What structural feature variability is primarily used to classify SoIRTE LINEs into different subfamilies and variants within Nicotiana?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Nicotiana" ]

[ "The type of target site duplication (TSD) generated upon insertion.", "Differences in the sequences and lengths of their untranslated regions (UTRs), particularly the variable 5' UTR and variable part of the 3' UTR.", "Variations within the coding sequences of the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain." ]

10.1111/tpj.16208

Solanaceae & Relatives

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1111/tpj.16208

2,023

1

Plant Journal

false

How does the WOX11 gene influence the interaction between *Arabidopsis thaliana* and cyst nematodes?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "WOX11 restricts the radial expansion of the nematode feeding structure (syncytium) and reduces female nematode fecundity.", "WOX11 enhances nematode penetration into the root but does not affect syncytium size or nematode fecundity.", "WOX11 promotes the expansion of the syncytium, leading to increased nematode fecundity." ]

10.1111/tpj.16999

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1111/tpj.16999

2,024

2

0

Plant Journal

false

What is the proposed cellular mechanism by which WOX11 controls the size of nematode-induced syncytia in *Arabidopsis thaliana*?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "WOX11 increases the transport of sugars away from the syncytium, limiting its growth.", "WOX11 modulates cell wall plasticity, potentially through the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis.", "WOX11 directly blocks the secretion of effector proteins by the nematode." ]

10.1111/tpj.16999

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1111/tpj.16999

2,024

2

1

Plant Journal

false

Is the primary function of WOX11 in reducing cyst nematode fecundity in *Arabidopsis thaliana* linked to its role in promoting adventitious root formation?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "No, the function of WOX11 in controlling syncytium size appears distinct from its role in adventitious root formation, which confers tolerance.", "Yes, the adventitious roots induced by WOX11 directly compete with syncytia for essential nutrients.", "Yes, WOX11-induced adventitious roots enhance plant defense signaling, suppressing nematode reproduction." ]

10.1111/tpj.16999

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1111/tpj.16999

2,024

2

0

Plant Journal

false

How does inhibiting cellulose biosynthesis affect the development of nematode-induced syncytia in wild-type *Arabidopsis thaliana* roots?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "It triggers a strong defense response that eliminates the syncytium.", "It leads to increased radial expansion of the syncytia, phenocopying the effect observed when WOX11 function is repressed.", "It causes the syncytial cell walls to become excessively rigid, preventing expansion." ]

10.1111/tpj.16999

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1111/tpj.16999

2,024

2

1

Plant Journal

false

What role does the transcription factor LBD16, regulated by WOX11, play during cyst nematode infection of *Arabidopsis thaliana*?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "LBD16 promotes syncytial expansion, counteracting the effect of WOX11.", "LBD16 is essential for the initial establishment of the syncytium but not its later expansion.", "LBD16 restricts the radial expansion of syncytia and attenuates female nematode growth, mirroring the function of WOX11." ]

10.1111/tpj.16999

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1111/tpj.16999

2,024

2

Plant Journal

false

Which diploid species are the paternal and maternal parents, respectively, of the sibling allopolyploid marsh orchids Dactylorhiza majalis and D. traunsteineri?

EVOLUTION

[ "Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri" ]

[ "Dactylorhiza fuchsii (paternal) and Dactylorhiza incarnata (maternal)", "Dactylorhiza majalis (paternal) and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (maternal)", "Dactylorhiza incarnata (paternal) and Dactylorhiza fuchsii (maternal)" ]

10.1111/tpj.70001

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

EVOLUTION

10.1111/tpj.70001

2,025

0

2

Plant Journal

false

Regarding the establishment of new Dactylorhiza polyploid lineages, what dual effects can phenotypic plasticity have?

EVOLUTION

[ "Dactylorhiza" ]

[ "It can facilitate colonization of novel environments but also permit gene flow with related species.", "It primarily increases competition with diploid relatives and prevents adaptation.", "It strictly prevents gene flow while allowing adaptation only to nutrient-rich soils." ]

10.1111/tpj.70001

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

EVOLUTION

10.1111/tpj.70001

2,025

0

Plant Journal

false

What type of response characterizes most gene expression differences found between Dactylorhiza majalis and D. traunsteineri when grown in different native habitats?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri" ]

[ "Fixed (constitutive) differences independent of the environment.", "Epigenetic silencing leading to identical expression patterns.", "Plastic responses specific to the environmental conditions." ]

10.1111/tpj.70001

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

GENE REGULATION

10.1111/tpj.70001

2,025

0

2

Plant Journal

false

How does the alpha diversity of the root fungal community typically compare between the nutrient-poor environment of Dactylorhiza traunsteineri and the more nutrient-rich environment of Dactylorhiza majalis?

ENVIRONMENT

[ "Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri" ]

[ "The nutrient-rich D. majalis environment harbors a higher diversity of fungal taxa.", "The nutrient-poor D. traunsteineri environment harbors a higher diversity of fungal taxa.", "Fungal diversity is consistently low and identical in both environments." ]

10.1111/tpj.70001

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

ENVIRONMENT

10.1111/tpj.70001

2,025

0

1

Plant Journal

false

Which sibling allopolyploid species, Dactylorhiza majalis or D. traunsteineri, demonstrates a greater degree of transcriptional remodeling (plasticity) when transplanted into the alternative environment of the other?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza traunsteineri" ]

[ "Dactylorhiza majalis exhibits greater transcriptional remodeling when moved to the D. traunsteineri environment.", "Both species exhibit nearly identical, minimal levels of transcriptional remodeling.", "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri exhibits greater transcriptional remodeling when moved to the D. majalis environment." ]

10.1111/tpj.70001

Other Herbaceous Crops, Spices, Fibers & Weeds

GENE REGULATION

10.1111/tpj.70001

2,025

0

2

Plant Journal

false

How does nitric oxide (NO) influence sporangiophore development in *Phycomyces blakesleeanus* in the absence of light?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]

[ "NO promotes microsporangiophore development and represses macrosporangiophore development.", "NO promotes macrosporangiophore development and represses microsporangiophore development, mimicking the effect of light.", "NO inhibits the development of both macro- and microsporangiophores." ]

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

2,001

58

1

Plant phys

false

What effect does the inhibition of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis have on the photomorphogenesis of sporangiophores in *Phycomyces blakesleeanus*?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]

[ "It enhances the light-induced promotion of macrosporangiophores but does not affect microsporangiophores.", "It has no effect on photomorphogenesis, only affecting dark development.", "It inhibits the typical light-induced changes, namely the promotion of macrosporangiophores and the repression of microsporangiophores." ]

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

2,001

58

2

Plant phys

false

What is the observed effect of blue light on NO synthase (NOS)-like activity in *Phycomyces blakesleeanus*?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]

[ "Blue light enhances NOS-like activity, leading to increased citrulline production and NO emission.", "Blue light converts NOS into an inactive form.", "Blue light inhibits NOS-like activity, reducing citrulline production." ]

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

2,001

58

0

Plant phys

false

Is the light-stimulated NO synthase (NOS)-like activity in *Phycomyces blakesleeanus* dependent on the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]

[ "Yes, the light-enhanced NOS activity requires the presence of BH4.", "No, the light-enhanced NOS activity is completely independent of BH4.", "BH4 is only required for basal NOS activity in the dark, not for the light-stimulated activity." ]

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

2,001

58

0

Plant phys

false

Which cofactors or ions influence the NO synthase (NOS)-like citrulline-forming activity found in *Phycomyces blakesleeanus* extracts?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Phycomyces blakesleeanus" ]

[ "The activity is dependent on NADPH but independent of calcium.", "The activity is dependent on both NADPH and calcium.", "The activity is independent of NADPH but dependent on calcium." ]

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.126.3.1323

2,001

58

0

Plant phys

false

What are the primary roles of the cytosolic (GS1) and chloroplastic (GS2) glutamine synthetase isoforms in plant leaves?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "GS1 assimilates ammonia from various metabolic processes, while GS2 assimilates ammonia from nitrate reduction and photorespiration.", "GS1 assimilates ammonia from nitrate reduction and photorespiration, while GS2 assimilates ammonia from symbiotic nitrogen fixation.", "Both GS1 and GS2 primarily function in assimilating ammonia released during protein breakdown in the cytosol." ]

10.1104/pp.010380

Non-specific

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.010380

2,002

38

0

Plant phys

false

How are the cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) genes classified in soybean (Glycine max), and how many members are suggested for each class?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Glycine max" ]

[ "They are classified into four classes (I, II, III, IV) based on promoter structure, with each class having a single member.", "They are classified into two classes (GS1A, GS1B) based on coding sequence similarity, with each class having three members.", "They are classified into three distinct classes (α, β, γ) based on 3'-UTR sequence divergence, with each class likely having two distinct members." ]

10.1104/pp.010380

Legumes

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1104/pp.010380

2,002

38

2

Plant phys

false

Which cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) gene class in soybean (Glycine max) shows expression primarily specific to nodules?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Glycine max" ]

[ "The Gmgln-β genes.", "The Gmgln-α genes.", "The Gmgln-γ1 gene." ]

10.1104/pp.010380

Legumes

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.010380

2,002

38

2

Plant phys

false

How does the regulation of gln-β genes by ammonia differ between soybean (Glycine max) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Glycine max" ]

[ "In French bean, gln-β genes are inducible by ammonia, whereas in soybean, they are repressed by ammonia.", "Both soybean and French bean gln-β genes are constitutively expressed and not regulated by ammonia levels.", "In soybean, gln-β genes are inducible by ammonia (or reduced N), whereas in French bean, the homologous gene is not." ]

10.1104/pp.010380

Legumes

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.010380

2,002

38

2

Plant phys

false

What structural features are characteristic of the promoter regions of the two soybean (Glycine max) gln-γ genes (Gmgln-γ1 and Gmgln-γ2)?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Glycine max" ]

[ "They lack TATA boxes and rely solely on nodulin consensus sequences for initiation of transcription.", "They share homology near the TATA box but diverge significantly upstream, although both contain putative nodulin consensus and NAT2-binding sites.", "They are highly homologous throughout their entire length, including identical enhancer elements." ]

10.1104/pp.010380

Legumes

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.010380

2,002

38

1

Plant phys

false

What primary factor significantly offsets the potential increase in leaf photosynthesis (A) under elevated atmospheric pCO2 during the continuous light period of a simulated polar summer in conifers like coastal redwood, dawn redwood, and swamp cypress?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]

[ "A significant increase in photorespiration rates", "Enhanced stomatal closure reducing CO2 uptake", "A strong acclimation involving a decrease in Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vc,max)" ]

10.1104/pp.103.026567

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.103.026567

2,003

17

2

Plant phys

false

Is the observed summer photosynthetic acclimation (reduction in Vc,max) in conifers like coastal redwood, dawn redwood, and swamp cypress under simulated polar conditions a permanent change for the leaves?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]

[ "It is permanent only in the deciduous species (dawn redwood and swamp cypress), but not the evergreen (coastal redwood).", "No, the acclimation is temporary, and CO2 sensitivity of photosynthesis (A) is largely restored during autumn.", "Yes, the reduced photosynthetic capacity persists until leaf senescence." ]

10.1104/pp.103.026567

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.103.026567

2,003

17

1

Plant phys

false

What biochemical change in leaves is closely associated with the summer decline in Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vc,max) during photosynthetic acclimation in conifers like coastal redwood, dawn redwood, and swamp cypress under simulated polar summer conditions?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]

[ "A consistent and significant accumulation of soluble sugars.", "A decline in total leaf nitrogen content.", "A universal increase in leaf starch concentration across all species." ]

10.1104/pp.103.026567

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.103.026567

2,003

17

1

Plant phys

false

How does the magnitude of carbon loss through complete leaf abscission in deciduous conifers (like dawn redwood) compare to the carbon loss via winter respiration and partial abscission in related evergreen conifers (like coastal redwood) under simulated warm polar conditions?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]

[ "Carbon loss through deciduous leaf abscission is significantly greater than that from evergreen winter respiration and abscission.", "The carbon losses from both strategies are approximately equal.", "Carbon loss through evergreen winter respiration is significantly greater than that from deciduous leaf abscission." ]

10.1104/pp.103.026567

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.103.026567

2,003

17

0

Plant phys

false

In conifers like coastal redwood, dawn redwood, and swamp cypress grown under elevated pCO2, what limits the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) during spring and fall?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Sequoia sempervirens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum" ]

[ "The capacity for RuBP regeneration via electron transport (Jmax).", "Significantly reduced stomatal conductance limiting CO2 diffusion.", "The carboxylation efficiency mediated by Rubisco (Vc,max)." ]

10.1104/pp.103.026567

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.103.026567

2,003

17

2

Plant phys

false

How many conventional [2Fe-2S] Ferredoxin proteins are encoded in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, and what are their general types?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Four proteins: two leaf types, one root type, and one unique high-potential type.", "Six proteins: three leaf types and three root types.", "Three proteins: one leaf type, one root type, and one high-potential type." ]

10.1104/pp.103.032755

Model Organisms

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1104/pp.103.032755

2,004

120

0

Plant phys

false

What functional distinction exists between leaf-type (e.g., AtFd1/AtFd2) and root-type (e.g., AtFd3) Ferredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Leaf types are more efficient in photosynthetic NADP+ reduction, while the root type is more efficient in non-photosynthetic sulfite reduction.", "Both types are equally efficient in photosynthesis and sulfite reduction, differing only in tissue expression.", "Root types are more efficient in photosynthetic NADP+ reduction, while leaf types excel in sulfite reduction." ]

10.1104/pp.103.032755

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.103.032755

2,004

120

0

Plant phys

false

What is a distinctive characteristic of the Arabidopsis thaliana Ferredoxin AtFd4 compared to other conventional Ferredoxins?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "It lacks the [2Fe-2S] cluster entirely, functioning through a different mechanism.", "It has an exceptionally low (negative) redox potential, making it a universal electron donor.", "It possesses a remarkably high (positive) redox potential, limiting its electron transfer partners." ]

10.1104/pp.103.032755

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.103.032755

2,004

120

2

Plant phys

false

Which conventional Ferredoxin protein is most abundant in mature Arabidopsis thaliana leaves?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "AtFd2 (a leaf-type Ferredoxin).", "AtFd3 (the root-type Ferredoxin).", "AtFd4 (the unique high-potential Ferredoxin)." ]

10.1104/pp.103.032755

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.103.032755

2,004

120

0

Plant phys

false

How do the redox potentials generally compare between the different types of conventional Ferredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "All conventional Ferredoxin types have roughly the same negative redox potential.", "AtFd4 has the most negative potential, followed by leaf types, and then the root type.", "Leaf types (AtFd1/AtFd2) have the most negative potentials, followed by the root type (AtFd3), with AtFd4 having the most positive potential." ]

10.1104/pp.103.032755

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.103.032755

2,004

120

2

Plant phys

false

What is the molecular consequence of the tRNAala anticodon mutation (CGC to CAC) identified in an auxin-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana mutant?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "The tRNA fails to be charged with any amino acid.", "The tRNA is charged with Alanine but recognizes a Valine codon (GUG).", "The tRNA is charged with Valine but recognizes an Alanine codon (GCG)." ]

10.1104/pp.105.068700

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.105.068700

2,005

15

1

Plant phys

false

Which phenotype is characteristic of the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant carrying a specific tRNAala anticodon mutation conferring auxin resistance?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Enhanced lateral root development.", "Homozygous embryonic lethality.", "Increased sensitivity to ethylene." ]

10.1104/pp.105.068700

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1104/pp.105.068700

2,005

15

1

Plant phys

false

How does the auxin resistance phenotype caused by a specific tRNAala anticodon mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana segregate?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "It is not heritable.", "In a recessive fashion.", "In a dominant fashion." ]

10.1104/pp.105.068700

Model Organisms

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1104/pp.105.068700

2,005

15

2

Plant phys

false

Does the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant with the tRNAala anticodon mutation show altered sensitivity to the ethylene precursor ACC?

HORMONES

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Yes, it shows increased sensitivity to ACC.", "Yes, it shows resistance to ACC.", "No, it retains wild-type sensitivity to ACC." ]

10.1104/pp.105.068700

Model Organisms

HORMONES

10.1104/pp.105.068700

2,005

15

2

Plant phys

false

How is the auxin-induced expression of the IAA19 gene affected in the Arabidopsis thaliana tRNAala anticodon mutant?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "IAA19 fails to be induced by IAA.", "IAA19 is constitutively expressed at high levels.", "IAA19 induction by IAA remains comparable to wild-type." ]

10.1104/pp.105.068700

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.105.068700

2,005

15

2

Plant phys

false

How do Golgi stacks and Prevacuolar Compartments (PVCs) respond differently to low concentrations (5-10 µg/mL) of Brefeldin A (BFA) in typical plant cells?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Both Golgi and PVCs form large aggregates.", "Golgi forms aggregates or ER-Golgi hybrids, while PVCs remain largely unaffected.", "PVCs form aggregates, while Golgi structures remain unaffected." ]

10.1104/pp.106.090423

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.106.090423

2,006

51

1

Plant phys

false

In tobacco BY-2 cells treated with a high concentration of Brefeldin A (BFA, 50 µg/mL), what is the observed timing difference in aggregate formation between Golgi and Prevacuolar Compartments (PVCs)?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Nicotiana tabacum" ]

[ "PVC aggregates form significantly earlier (around 15 minutes) compared to Golgi aggregates (around 45 minutes).", "Golgi aggregates form significantly earlier (around 15 minutes) compared to PVC aggregates (around 45 minutes).", "Both Golgi and PVC aggregates start forming simultaneously after approximately 30 minutes." ]

10.1104/pp.106.090423

Solanaceae & Relatives

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.106.090423

2,006

51

1

Plant phys

false

Are the structural changes induced by high concentrations (50-100 µg/mL) of Brefeldin A (BFA) on Golgi and PVCs in tobacco BY-2 cells permanent?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Nicotiana tabacum" ]

[ "No, the BFA-induced aggregates dissipate, and normal punctate organelle structures can be fully recovered upon removal of BFA.", "Yes, the formation of aggregates represents irreversible damage to the organelles.", "Only Golgi aggregates are reversible; PVC aggregates persist after BFA removal." ]

10.1104/pp.106.090423

Solanaceae & Relatives

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.106.090423

2,006

51

0

Plant phys

false

When plant cells are treated with high concentrations of Brefeldin A (BFA), what is the structural relationship between the resulting Golgi-derived and PVC-derived aggregates?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "The aggregates are segregated into completely different cytoplasmic regions with no observable interaction.", "Golgi and PVCs fuse completely, forming large, indistinguishable hybrid BFA compartments.", "The aggregates derived from Golgi and PVCs remain physically distinct compartments, although they are often found closely associated." ]

10.1104/pp.106.090423

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.106.090423

2,006

51

2

Plant phys

false

Is the phenomenon of Brefeldin A (BFA) inducing aggregation of VSR-marked Prevacuolar Compartments (PVCs) at high concentrations restricted to specific cell types like tobacco BY-2 suspension cells?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "No, similar PVC aggregation responses to high BFA have been observed in root-tip cells of various plants including pea, mung bean, and Arabidopsis.", "Yes, this specific response is only documented in the tobacco BY-2 cell line.", "No, it occurs in other species, but only in suspension culture cells, not differentiated tissues like root tips." ]

10.1104/pp.106.090423

Non-specific

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.106.090423

2,006

51

0

Plant phys

false

What are the key components mediating high-affinity sulfate uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana roots under sulfur limitation, and what is their relative contribution?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "SULTR3;5 and SULTR2;1 act cooperatively as the primary high-affinity uptake system.", "Only SULTR1;1 is essential for high-affinity uptake; SULTR1;2 is mainly involved in transport to shoots.", "SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 are essential, with SULTR1;2 generally having a predominant role in total uptake capacity." ]

10.1104/pp.107.105742

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.107.105742

2,007

127

2

Plant phys

false

How is the functional abundance of SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 sulfate transporters primarily regulated in Arabidopsis thaliana roots in response to sulfur availability?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Mainly through posttranscriptional control that leads to increased protein accumulation under sulfur deficiency.", "Solely through transcriptional activation mediated by sulfur-responsive promoter elements.", "Primarily by altering mRNA stability and degradation rates in the cytoplasm depending on sulfur levels." ]

10.1104/pp.107.105742

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.107.105742

2,007

127

0

Plant phys

false

When SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 are expressed under a constitutive promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana, where and under what condition do the transporter proteins predominantly accumulate?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Exclusively in the roots, with significant accumulation occurring specifically during periods of sulfur starvation.", "Predominantly in the leaves, especially when the plant is supplied with adequate sulfate.", "Accumulation occurs equally in roots and leaves, largely independent of the plant's sulfur nutritional status." ]

10.1104/pp.107.105742

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.107.105742

2,007

127

0

Plant phys

false

What is the major physiological impact observed in Arabidopsis thaliana plants that lack functional copies of both SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 genes?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "A complete loss of high-affinity sulfate uptake capacity from the environment and severely inhibited growth, particularly under low-sulfur conditions.", "Normal sulfate uptake in roots but significantly reduced translocation of sulfate from roots to shoots.", "Enhanced sulfate uptake due to the upregulation of compensatory low-affinity transport systems." ]

10.1104/pp.107.105742

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.107.105742

2,007

127

0

Plant phys

false

During short-term sulfur starvation (e.g., 8-72 hours) in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing SULTR1;1 or SULTR1;2 from a constitutive promoter, what is the typical relationship between the levels of the transporter protein and its corresponding mRNA?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "mRNA levels rise significantly due to stress responses, but protein levels are suppressed posttranscriptionally, limiting uptake.", "Both mRNA and protein levels show a large and proportional increase throughout the starvation period.", "The protein levels increase substantially, leading to higher uptake capacity, while the mRNA levels remain relatively constant during this period." ]

10.1104/pp.107.105742

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.107.105742

2,007

127

2

Plant phys

false

What is the primary role of PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1 (PKS1) in the negative phototropism of Arabidopsis thaliana roots?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "PKS1 inhibits negative phototropism in response to blue light.", "PKS1 mediates positive phototropism in response to red light.", "PKS1 is essential for mediating the negative phototropic response to unilateral blue light." ]

10.1104/pp.107.106468

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.107.106468

2,007

61

2

Plant phys

false

How does PKS1 influence root gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "PKS1 enhances root gravitropism, making roots more sensitive to gravity.", "PKS1 is required for the perception of gravity but does not regulate the response intensity.", "PKS1 negatively regulates root gravitropism, meaning its presence reduces the gravitropic response." ]

10.1104/pp.107.106468

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.107.106468

2,007

61

2

Plant phys

false

Which photoreceptor is required for the blue light-induced enhancement of PKS1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana roots?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Phytochrome A (phyA) is required for enhanced PKS1 expression in response to blue light.", "Phototropin 1 (phot1) is solely responsible for enhancing PKS1 expression under blue light.", "Cryptochrome 1 (cry1) mediates the blue light induction of PKS1 expression." ]

10.1104/pp.107.106468

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.107.106468

2,007

61

0

Plant phys

false

Does the effect of PKS1 on root phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana depend entirely on its influence on gravitropism?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "No, PKS1 affects root phototropism directly, even when gravitational influence is minimized.", "The influence is indirect; PKS1 only modulates phototropin sensitivity to light.", "Yes, the phototropic defect in pks1 mutants is solely due to their enhanced gravitropic response." ]

10.1104/pp.107.106468

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.107.106468

2,007

61

0

Plant phys

false

What is the temporal relationship between the blue light-induced increase in PKS1 expression and the visible root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana phototropism?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "Increased PKS1 expression occurs several hours before detectable root curvature.", "Increased PKS1 expression happens concurrently with the initiation of root bending.", "Root bending precedes the increase in PKS1 expression." ]

10.1104/pp.107.106468

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.107.106468

2,007

61

0

Plant phys

false

What is the molecular identity and primary function of the protein encoded by the TIR2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana?

HORMONES

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "It is identical to ASA1, an anthranilate synthase involved in tryptophan biosynthesis.", "It is identical to TAA1, a tryptophan aminotransferase involved in the IPA pathway of auxin biosynthesis.", "It is identical to TIR1, an F-box protein that functions as an auxin receptor." ]

10.1104/pp.109.138859

Model Organisms

HORMONES

10.1104/pp.109.138859

2,009

168

1

Plant phys

false

How does a mutation in the TIR2 gene affect the sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to the tryptophan analog 5-methyl-tryptophan (5-MT)?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "tir2 mutants are hypersensitive to 5-MT.", "tir2 mutants show wild-type sensitivity to 5-MT.", "tir2 mutants are resistant to 5-MT." ]

10.1104/pp.109.138859

Model Organisms

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.109.138859

2,009

168

0

Plant phys

false

What role does the TIR2 gene play in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls to elevated temperatures?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "TIR2 expression is repressed by higher temperatures, causing reduced hypocotyl growth.", "TIR2 is required for temperature-dependent hypocotyl elongation, and its expression increases at higher temperatures.", "TIR2 inhibits hypocotyl elongation at higher temperatures by reducing auxin synthesis." ]

10.1104/pp.109.138859

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1104/pp.109.138859

2,009

168

1

Plant phys

false

How is the expression of the TIR2 gene spatially regulated in Arabidopsis thaliana roots undergoing gravitropic bending?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "TIR2 expression is repressed on the lower side and induced on the upper side of the root.", "TIR2 expression is induced uniformly throughout the root tip.", "TIR2 expression is induced specifically in the epidermal cells on the lower side of the root." ]

10.1104/pp.109.138859

Model Organisms

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.109.138859

2,009

168

2

Plant phys

false

What phenotype characterizes the response of Arabidopsis thaliana tir2 mutants to the auxin transport inhibitor NPA and to exogenous auxins like IAA?

HORMONES

[ "Arabidopsis thaliana" ]

[ "tir2 mutants are resistant to both NPA and exogenous IAA.", "tir2 mutants are hypersensitive to NPA and resistant to exogenous IAA.", "tir2 mutants are resistant to NPA but respond normally to exogenous IAA." ]

10.1104/pp.109.138859

Model Organisms

HORMONES

10.1104/pp.109.138859

2,009

168

2

Plant phys

false

What is the primary effect of homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the OsKu70 gene on telomere length in Oryza sativa?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Telomeres become markedly longer compared to wild-type plants.", "Telomere length remains unchanged compared to wild-type plants.", "Telomeres become significantly shorter compared to wild-type plants." ]

10.1104/pp.109.150391

Model Organisms

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1104/pp.109.150391

2,009

28

0

Plant phys

false

Which significant developmental phenotype is observed in homozygous osku70 knockout mutants of Oryza sativa under normal growth conditions?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Severe defects in both vegetative and reproductive growth, leading to sterility.", "Enhanced vegetative growth but reduced seed production.", "Normal vegetative growth but complete absence of flower formation." ]

10.1104/pp.109.150391

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1104/pp.109.150391

2,009

28

0

Plant phys

false

Which protein forms a heterodimer complex by physically interacting with OsKu70 in Oryza sativa?

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "OsRTBP1", "OsMre11", "OsKu80" ]

10.1104/pp.109.150391

Model Organisms

CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

10.1104/pp.109.150391

2,009

28

2

Plant phys

false

How does the absence of functional OsKu70 affect the response of Oryza sativa seedlings to the DNA-damaging agent methyl-methane sulfonate (MMS)?

GENOME AND GENOMICS

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Their sensitivity remains the same as wild-type seedlings.", "They exhibit increased sensitivity and growth inhibition.", "They show increased tolerance and faster growth." ]

10.1104/pp.109.150391

Model Organisms

GENOME AND GENOMICS

10.1104/pp.109.150391

2,009

28

1

Plant phys

false

What is a key difference in the observed phenotypes between Ku70 loss-of-function mutants in Oryza sativa (OsKu70) and Arabidopsis thaliana (AtKu70) under standard growth conditions?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Oryza sativa" ]

[ "Both Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis mutants show identical, severe developmental defects.", "Arabidopsis mutants display severe developmental abnormalities, while Oryza sativa mutants appear phenotypically normal.", "Oryza sativa mutants display severe developmental abnormalities, while Arabidopsis mutants appear phenotypically normal." ]

10.1104/pp.109.150391

Model Organisms

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1104/pp.109.150391

2,009

28

2

Plant phys

false

What approximate percentage of wood production in Eucalyptus miniata branches is attributed to corticular photosynthesis?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Eucalyptus miniata" ]

[ "11%", "50%", "1%" ]

10.1104/pp.110.163337

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.110.163337

2,010

64

0

Plant phys

false

What is the primary source of CO2 utilized during corticular photosynthesis in the bark of woody plants?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Direct uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere.", "CO2 transported dissolved in xylem sap from the roots.", "Internally respired CO2 from woody tissues." ]

10.1104/pp.110.163337

Non-specific

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.110.163337

2,010

64

2

Plant phys

false

What is considered a major evolutionary advantage of maintaining smooth bark via seasonal shedding in some Eucalyptus species, despite the cost of reduced fire resistance?

EVOLUTION

[ "Eucalyptus" ]

[ "The maintenance of capacity for corticular photosynthesis as the tree grows.", "Improved defense against herbivorous insects.", "Increased water absorption from rainfall running down the trunk." ]

10.1104/pp.110.163337

Woody Perennials & Trees

EVOLUTION

10.1104/pp.110.163337

2,010

64

0

Plant phys

false

Compared to leaf photosynthesis, what is characteristic of the water use efficiency of corticular photosynthesis?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "non-specific" ]

[ "Its water use efficiency is highly variable and similar to leaves.", "It proceeds with minimal water loss, making it highly water-efficient.", "It requires significantly more water per unit of carbon fixed." ]

10.1104/pp.110.163337

Non-specific

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.110.163337

2,010

64

1

Plant phys

false

What specific pattern of bark type is observed on mature Eucalyptus miniata trees?

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

[ "Eucalyptus miniata" ]

[ "Thick, persistent bark covering the entire trunk and branches.", "Completely smooth bark covering the entire trunk and branches.", "Thick, persistent bark on the lower trunk and smooth, seasonally shedding bark on the upper trunk and branches." ]

10.1104/pp.110.163337

Woody Perennials & Trees

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1104/pp.110.163337

2,010

64

2

Plant phys

false

What is a significant metabolic consequence of nitrogen deprivation in Zea mays source leaves concerning phosphate homeostasis?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Zea mays" ]

[ "Accumulation of phosphate and up-regulation of phosphate starvation response genes.", "Accumulation of phosphate and down-regulation of phosphate starvation response genes.", "Depletion of phosphate and up-regulation of phosphate starvation response genes." ]

10.1104/pp.112.204420

Cereal Grains

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.112.204420

2,012

180

1

Plant phys

false

How does nitrogen starvation selectively affect nitrogen assimilation pathways at the transcript level in Zea mays source leaves?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Zea mays" ]

[ "Transcripts for both nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation are strongly down-regulated.", "Transcripts for ammonium assimilation are down-regulated, while those for nitrate reduction remain largely unaffected.", "Transcripts for nitrate reduction are down-regulated, while those for ammonium assimilation remain largely unaffected." ]

10.1104/pp.112.204420

Cereal Grains

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.112.204420

2,012

180

2

Plant phys

false

What shift occurs in carbohydrate allocation within Zea mays source leaves under nitrogen deficiency?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Zea mays" ]

[ "Starch accumulates slightly, but more carbohydrates are channelled into cell walls and secondary metabolites.", "Starch levels decrease significantly, and carbohydrates are primarily used for respiration.", "Soluble sugar levels increase dramatically, while starch and cell wall synthesis decrease." ]

10.1104/pp.112.204420

Cereal Grains

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.112.204420

2,012

180

0

Plant phys

false

What shared transcriptional pattern links nitrogen metabolism and phosphate homeostasis regulation in Zea mays leaves under N deficiency?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Zea mays" ]

[ "Phosphate homeostasis genes are down-regulated, while nitrogen metabolism genes are up-regulated.", "Genes involved in both nitrogen metabolism and phosphate homeostasis regulation are predominantly down-regulated.", "Nitrogen metabolism genes are down-regulated, while phosphate homeostasis genes are up-regulated." ]

10.1104/pp.112.204420

Cereal Grains

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.112.204420

2,012

180

1

Plant phys

false

Which classes of transcription factors show significant down-regulation in Zea mays source leaves during nitrogen deficiency, potentially impacting C4-specific gene expression?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Zea mays" ]

[ "MADS-box and NAC transcription factors.", "WRKY and bZIP transcription factors.", "Specific MYB and LOB transcription factors." ]

10.1104/pp.112.204420

Cereal Grains

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.112.204420

2,012

180

2

Plant phys

false

What are the primary groups of chemical defense compounds produced by Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark against fungal and bark beetle invasion?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Picea abies" ]

[ "Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides", "Glucosinolates and flavonoids", "Terpenoid resins and stilbenes" ]

10.1104/pp.113.218610

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.113.218610

2,013

132

2

Plant phys

false

How does the fungus Ceratocystis polonica counteract the antifungal stilbene defenses present in Norway spruce bark?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Picea abies" ]

[ "It metabolizes stilbenes into ring-opened lactones, aglycones, and dimers.", "It secretes enzymes that degrade the spruce cell wall before stilbenes are released.", "It actively pumps stilbenes out of its cells using transport proteins." ]

10.1104/pp.113.218610

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.113.218610

2,013

132

0

Plant phys

false

How do stilbene levels in Picea abies bark change during Ceratocystis polonica infection when stilbene synthase gene expression is induced?

GENE REGULATION

[ "Picea abies" ]

[ "Stilbene concentrations decrease due to rapid metabolism by the fungus.", "Stilbene concentrations remain unchanged as synthesis balances degradation.", "Stilbene concentrations increase proportionally to gene expression." ]

10.1104/pp.113.218610

Woody Perennials & Trees

GENE REGULATION

10.1104/pp.113.218610

2,013

132

0

Plant phys

false

What metabolic capability is linked to higher virulence among different strains of the fungus Ceratocystis polonica when infecting Norway spruce?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Picea abies" ]

[ "Enhanced production of blue-stain pigments.", "Faster biotransformation and degradation of host stilbenes.", "More efficient uptake of simple sugars from the host." ]

10.1104/pp.113.218610

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.113.218610

2,013

132

1

Plant phys

false

Beyond detoxification, what nutritional advantage can the fungus Ceratocystis polonica gain from metabolizing phenolic compounds like stilbenes from its host, Picea abies?

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

[ "Picea abies" ]

[ "It acquires essential nitrogen unavailable elsewhere in the host.", "It can potentially utilize these compounds as a carbon source for growth.", "It obtains phosphate groups required for energy metabolism." ]

10.1104/pp.113.218610

Woody Perennials & Trees

PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

10.1104/pp.113.218610

2,013

132

1

Plant phys

false