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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: PARP inhibitors may exert protective effects against the development of severe cardiac complications associated with the DOX treatment .
### Output Text: | PARP inhibitors may exert protective effects against the development of severe cardiac complications associated with the <span class="chemical">DOX</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Spironolactone : is it a novel drug for the prevention of amphotericin B - related hypokalemia in cancer patients ?
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Spironolactone</span> : is it a novel drug for the prevention of <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> - related hypokalemia in cancer patients ? |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect of amphotericin B ( AmB ) , often limiting administration of full dosage .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect of <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> ( <span class="chemical">AmB</span> ) , often limiting administration of full dosage . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Selective distal tubular epithelial toxicity seems to be responsible for the profound potassium wasting that is a major clinical side effect of treatment with AmB .
### Output Text: | Selective distal tubular epithelial toxicity seems to be responsible for the profound <span class="chemical">potassium</span> wasting that is a major clinical side effect of treatment with <span class="chemical">AmB</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Potassium depletion also potentiates the tubular toxicity of AmB .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Potassium</span> depletion also potentiates the tubular toxicity of <span class="chemical">AmB</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This study was designed to assess the ability of spironolactone to reduce potassium requirements and to prevent hypokalemia in neutropenic patients on AmB treatment .
### Output Text: | This study was designed to assess the ability of <span class="chemical">spironolactone</span> to reduce <span class="chemical">potassium</span> requirements and to prevent hypokalemia in neutropenic patients on <span class="chemical">AmB</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: METHODS : In this study 26 patients with various hematological disorders were randomized to receive either intravenous AmB alone or AmB and oral spironolactone 100 mg twice daily when developing a proven or suspected fungal infection .
### Output Text: | METHODS : In this study 26 patients with various hematological disorders were randomized to receive either intravenous <span class="chemical">AmB</span> alone or <span class="chemical">AmB</span> and oral <span class="chemical">spironolactone</span> 100 mg twice daily when developing a proven or suspected fungal infection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Patients receiving concomitant AmB and spironolactone had significantly higher plasma potassium levels than those receiving AmB alone ( P = 0 . 0027 ) .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Patients receiving concomitant <span class="chemical">AmB</span> and <span class="chemical">spironolactone</span> had significantly higher plasma <span class="chemical">potassium</span> levels than those receiving <span class="chemical">AmB</span> alone ( P = 0 . 0027 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Those patients receiving AmB and spironolactone required significantly less potassium supplementation to maintain their plasma potassium within the normal range ( P = 0 . 022 ) .
### Output Text: | Those patients receiving <span class="chemical">AmB</span> and <span class="chemical">spironolactone</span> required significantly less <span class="chemical">potassium</span> supplementation to maintain their plasma <span class="chemical">potassium</span> within the normal range ( P = 0 . 022 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Moreover , urinary potassium losses were significantly less in patients receiving AmB and spironolactone than those receiving AmB alone ( P = 0 . 040 ) .
### Output Text: | Moreover , urinary <span class="chemical">potassium</span> losses were significantly less in patients receiving <span class="chemical">AmB</span> and <span class="chemical">spironolactone</span> than those receiving <span class="chemical">AmB</span> alone ( P = 0 . 040 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : This study showed that spironolactone can reduce potassium requirements and prevent hypokalemia by reducing urinary potassium loss in neutropenic patients on AmB treatment .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : This study showed that <span class="chemical">spironolactone</span> can reduce <span class="chemical">potassium</span> requirements and prevent hypokalemia by reducing urinary <span class="chemical">potassium</span> loss in neutropenic patients on <span class="chemical">AmB</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Erectile dysfunction occurs following substantia nigra lesions in the rat .
### Output Text: | Erectile dysfunction occurs following substantia nigra lesions in the rat . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Erectile function was assessed 6 weeks following uni - and bilateral injections of 6 - hydroxydopamine in the substantia nigra nucleus of the brain .
### Output Text: | Erectile function was assessed 6 weeks following uni - and bilateral injections of <span class="chemical">6 - hydroxydopamine</span> in the substantia nigra nucleus of the brain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Behavioral apomorphine - induced penile erections were reduced ( 5 / 8 ) and increased ( 3 / 8 ) in uni - and bilateral lesioned animals .
### Output Text: | Behavioral <span class="chemical">apomorphine</span> - induced penile erections were reduced ( 5 / 8 ) and increased ( 3 / 8 ) in uni - and bilateral lesioned animals . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intracavernous pressures , following electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve , decreased in lesioned animals .
### Output Text: | Intracavernous pressures , following electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve , decreased in lesioned animals . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Lesions of the substantia nigra were confirmed by histology .
### Output Text: | Lesions of the substantia nigra were confirmed by histology . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Concentration of dopamine and its metabolites were decreased in the striatum of substantia nigra lesioned rats .
### Output Text: | Concentration of <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> and its metabolites were decreased in the striatum of substantia nigra lesioned rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Lesions of the substantia nigra are therefore associated with erectile dysfunction in rats and may serve as a model to study erectile dysfunction in Parkinson ' s disease .
### Output Text: | Lesions of the substantia nigra are therefore associated with erectile dysfunction in rats and may serve as a model to study erectile dysfunction in Parkinson ' s disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Nicotine potentiation of morphine - induced catalepsy in mice .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Nicotine</span> potentiation of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced catalepsy in mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In the present study , effects of nicotine on catalepsy induced by morphine in mice have been investigated .
### Output Text: | In the present study , effects of <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> on catalepsy induced by <span class="chemical">morphine</span> in mice have been investigated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Morphine but not nicotine induced a dose - dependent catalepsy .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Morphine</span> but not <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> induced a dose - dependent catalepsy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The response of morphine was potentiated by nicotine .
### Output Text: | The response of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> was potentiated by <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intraperitoneal administration of atropine , naloxone , mecamylamine , and hexamethonium to mice reduced catalepsy induced by a combination of morphine with nicotine .
### Output Text: | Intraperitoneal administration of <span class="chemical">atropine</span> , <span class="chemical">naloxone</span> , <span class="chemical">mecamylamine</span> , and <span class="chemical">hexamethonium</span> to mice reduced catalepsy induced by a combination of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> with <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intracerebroventricular injection of atropine , hexamethonium , and naloxone also decreased catalepsy induced by morphine plus nicotine .
### Output Text: | Intracerebroventricular injection of <span class="chemical">atropine</span> , <span class="chemical">hexamethonium</span> , and <span class="chemical">naloxone</span> also decreased catalepsy induced by <span class="chemical">morphine</span> plus <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intraperitoneal administration of atropine , but not intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of hexamethonium , decreased the effect of a single dose of morphine .
### Output Text: | Intraperitoneal administration of <span class="chemical">atropine</span> , but not intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of <span class="chemical">hexamethonium</span> , decreased the effect of a single dose of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: It was concluded that morphine catalepsy can be elicited by opioid and cholinergic receptors , and the potentiation of morphine induced by nicotine may also be mediated through cholinergic receptor mechanisms .
### Output Text: | It was concluded that <span class="chemical">morphine</span> catalepsy can be elicited by opioid and cholinergic receptors , and the potentiation of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> induced by <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> may also be mediated through cholinergic receptor mechanisms . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Force overflow and levodopa - induced dyskinesias in Parkinson ' s disease .
### Output Text: | Force overflow and <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> - induced dyskinesias in Parkinson ' s disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We assessed force coordination of the hand in Parkinson ' s disease and its relationship to motor complications of levodopa therapy , particularly to levodopa - induced dyskinesias ( LID ) .
### Output Text: | We assessed force coordination of the hand in Parkinson ' s disease and its relationship to motor complications of <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> therapy , particularly to <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> - induced dyskinesias ( LID ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We studied two groups of Parkinson ' s disease patients with ( Parkinson ' s disease + LID , n = 23 ) and without levodopa - induced dyskinesias ( Parkinson ' s disease - LID , n = 10 ) , and age - matched healthy controls .
### Output Text: | We studied two groups of Parkinson ' s disease patients with ( Parkinson ' s disease + LID , n = 23 ) and without <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> - induced dyskinesias ( Parkinson ' s disease - LID , n = 10 ) , and age - matched healthy controls . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The motor score of the Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale , a dyskinesia score and force in a grip - lift paradigm were assessed ON and OFF levodopa .
### Output Text: | The motor score of the Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale , a dyskinesia score and force in a grip - lift paradigm were assessed ON and OFF <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A pathological increase of forces was seen in ON - state in Parkinson ' s disease + LID only .
### Output Text: | A pathological increase of forces was seen in ON - state in Parkinson ' s disease + LID only . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In Parkinson ' s disease + LID , the force involved in pressing down the object before lifting was significantly increased by levodopa ( by 61 % , P < 0 . 05 ) .
### Output Text: | In Parkinson ' s disease + LID , the force involved in pressing down the object before lifting was significantly increased by <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> ( by 61 % , P < 0 . 05 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: An overshooting of peak grip force by 51 % ( P < 0 . 05 ) and of static grip force by 45 % ( P < 0 . 01 ) was observed in the ON - compared with the OFF - drug condition .
### Output Text: | An overshooting of peak grip force by 51 % ( P < 0 . 05 ) and of static grip force by 45 % ( P < 0 . 01 ) was observed in the ON - compared with the OFF - drug condition . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In contrast , no excessive force was found in Parkinson ' s disease - LID .
### Output Text: | In contrast , no excessive force was found in Parkinson ' s disease - LID . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Peak grip force in ON - state was 140 % ( P < 0 . 05 ) higher in Parkinson ' s disease + LID than in Parkinson ' s disease - LID , while static grip force was increased by 138 % ( P < 0 . 01 ) between groups .
### Output Text: | Peak grip force in ON - state was 140 % ( P < 0 . 05 ) higher in Parkinson ' s disease + LID than in Parkinson ' s disease - LID , while static grip force was increased by 138 % ( P < 0 . 01 ) between groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Severity of peak - dose dyskinesias was strongly correlated with grip force in ON - state ( r = 0 . 79 with peak force , P < 0 . 01 ) .
### Output Text: | Severity of peak - dose dyskinesias was strongly correlated with grip force in ON - state ( r = 0 . 79 with peak force , P < 0 . 01 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: No correlation was observed between forces and the motor score as well as with the daily dose of dopaminergic medication .
### Output Text: | No correlation was observed between forces and the motor score as well as with the daily dose of dopaminergic medication . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Force excess was only observed in patients with LID and motor fluctuations .
### Output Text: | Force excess was only observed in patients with LID and motor fluctuations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A close relationship was seen between the overshooting of forces and dyskinesias in the ON - drug condition .
### Output Text: | A close relationship was seen between the overshooting of forces and dyskinesias in the ON - drug condition . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We postulate that both LID and grip force excess share common pathophysiological mechanisms related to motor fluctuations .
### Output Text: | We postulate that both LID and grip force excess share common pathophysiological mechanisms related to motor fluctuations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Behavioral effects of MK - 801 on reserpine - treated mice .
### Output Text: | Behavioral effects of <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> on <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> - treated mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The effects of dizocilpine ( MK - 801 ) , a noncompetitive N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antagonist , were studied on dopamine - related behaviors induced by reserpine treatments .
### Output Text: | The effects of <span class="chemical">dizocilpine</span> ( <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> ) , a noncompetitive <span class="chemical">N - methyl - D - aspartate</span> ( <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> ) receptor antagonist , were studied on <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> - related behaviors induced by <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> treatments . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This study focuses on behavioral syndromes that may used as models for Parkinson ' s disease , or tardive dyskinesia , and its response after glutamatergic blockage .
### Output Text: | This study focuses on behavioral syndromes that may used as models for Parkinson ' s disease , or tardive dyskinesia , and its response after glutamatergic blockage . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Reserpine ( 1 mg / kg ) , administered once every other day for 4 days , produced increases in orofacial dyskinesia , tongue protrusion and vacuous chewing in mice , which are signs indicative of tardive dyskinesia .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Reserpine</span> ( 1 mg / kg ) , administered once every other day for 4 days , produced increases in orofacial dyskinesia , tongue protrusion and vacuous chewing in mice , which are signs indicative of tardive dyskinesia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Reserpine also produced tremor and catalepsy , which are signs suggestive of Parkinson ' s disease .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Reserpine</span> also produced tremor and catalepsy , which are signs suggestive of Parkinson ' s disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: MK - 801 ( 0 . 1 mg / kg ) , administered 30 min before the observation test , prevented the vacuous chewing movements , tongue protrusions and catalepsy induced by reserpine .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> ( 0 . 1 mg / kg ) , administered 30 min before the observation test , prevented the vacuous chewing movements , tongue protrusions and catalepsy induced by <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , MK - 801 injection produced a significant increase of tremor in reserpine - treated mice .
### Output Text: | However , <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> injection produced a significant increase of tremor in <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> - treated mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Reserpine ( 1 mg / kg ) , administered 90 min before the test and followed by apomophine injection ( 0 . 1 mg / kg ) 5 min before the test , did not produce oral dyskinesia in mice .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Reserpine</span> ( 1 mg / kg ) , administered 90 min before the test and followed by <span class="chemical">apomophine</span> injection ( 0 . 1 mg / kg ) 5 min before the test , did not produce oral dyskinesia in mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: On the other hand , reserpine induced increases in tremor and catalepsy compared to control mice .
### Output Text: | On the other hand , <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> induced increases in tremor and catalepsy compared to control mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: MK - 801 ( 0 . 1 mg / kg ) administration attenuated the catalepsy and tremor induced by reserpine .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> ( 0 . 1 mg / kg ) administration attenuated the catalepsy and tremor induced by <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pretreatment with reserpine ( 1 mg / kg ) 24 h before the observation test produced increases in vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusion , as well as increases in tremor and catalepsy , whereas MK - 801 ( 0 . 1 mg / kg ) injection 90 min before the test reversed the effects of reserpine .
### Output Text: | Pretreatment with <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> ( 1 mg / kg ) 24 h before the observation test produced increases in vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusion , as well as increases in tremor and catalepsy , whereas <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> ( 0 . 1 mg / kg ) injection 90 min before the test reversed the effects of <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These results show that reserpine produces different and abnormal movements , which are related to dose and schedule employed and can be considered as parkinsonian - like and tardive dsykinesia signs .
### Output Text: | These results show that <span class="chemical">reserpine</span> produces different and abnormal movements , which are related to dose and schedule employed and can be considered as parkinsonian - like and tardive dsykinesia signs . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The glutamatergic blockage produced by NMDA can restore these signs , such as vacuous chewing movements , tongue protrusions , catalepsy and tremor according to the employed model .
### Output Text: | The glutamatergic blockage produced by <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> can restore these signs , such as vacuous chewing movements , tongue protrusions , catalepsy and tremor according to the employed model . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Risperidone - associated , benign transient visual disturbances in schizophrenic patients with a past history of LSD abuse .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Risperidone</span> - associated , benign transient visual disturbances in schizophrenic patients with a past history of <span class="chemical">LSD</span> abuse . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Two schizophrenic patients , who had a prior history of LSD abuse and who had previously developed EPS with classic antipsychotics , were successfully treated with risperidone .
### Output Text: | Two schizophrenic patients , who had a prior history of <span class="chemical">LSD</span> abuse and who had previously developed EPS with classic antipsychotics , were successfully treated with <span class="chemical">risperidone</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: They both reported short episodes of transient visual disturbances , which appeared immediately after starting treatment with risperidone .
### Output Text: | They both reported short episodes of transient visual disturbances , which appeared immediately after starting treatment with <span class="chemical">risperidone</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This imagery resembled visual disturbances previously experienced as " flashbacks " related to prior LSD consumption .
### Output Text: | This imagery resembled visual disturbances previously experienced as " flashbacks " related to prior <span class="chemical">LSD</span> consumption . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Risperidone administration was continued and the visual disturbances gradually wore off .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Risperidone</span> administration was continued and the visual disturbances gradually wore off . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: During a six - month follow - up period , there was no recurrence of visual disturbances .
### Output Text: | During a six - month follow - up period , there was no recurrence of visual disturbances . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This phenomenon may be interpreted as a benign , short - term and self - limiting side effect which does not contraindicate the use of risperidone or interfere with treatment .
### Output Text: | This phenomenon may be interpreted as a benign , short - term and self - limiting side effect which does not contraindicate the use of <span class="chemical">risperidone</span> or interfere with treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Conclusions based on two case reports should be taken with appropriate caution .
### Output Text: | Conclusions based on two case reports should be taken with appropriate caution . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Topiramate - induced nephrolithiasis .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Topiramate</span> - induced nephrolithiasis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Topiramate is a recently developed antiepileptic medication that is becoming more widely prescribed because of its efficacy in treating refractory seizures .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Topiramate</span> is a recently developed antiepileptic medication that is becoming more widely prescribed because of its efficacy in treating refractory seizures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Urologists should be aware that this medication can cause metabolic acidosis in patients secondary to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase .
### Output Text: | Urologists should be aware that this medication can cause metabolic acidosis in patients secondary to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In addition , a distal tubular acidification defect may result , thus impairing the normal compensatory drop in urine pH .
### Output Text: | In addition , a distal tubular acidification defect may result , thus impairing the normal compensatory drop in urine pH . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These factors can lead to the development of calcium phosphate nephrolithiasis .
### Output Text: | These factors can lead to the development of <span class="chemical">calcium phosphate</span> nephrolithiasis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We report the first two cases of topiramate - induced nephrolithiasis in the urologic literature .
### Output Text: | We report the first two cases of <span class="chemical">topiramate</span> - induced nephrolithiasis in the urologic literature . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ketamine in war / tropical surgery ( a final tribute to the racemic mixture ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Ketamine</span> in war / tropical surgery ( a final tribute to the racemic mixture ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A technique of continuous intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine was used successfully during the Somalia civil war in 1994 and in north Uganda in 1999 for 64 operations in 62 patients , aged from 6 weeks to 70 years , undergoing limb and abdominal surgery including caesarian sections and interventions in neonates .
### Output Text: | A technique of continuous intravenous anaesthesia with <span class="chemical">ketamine</span> was used successfully during the Somalia civil war in 1994 and in north Uganda in 1999 for 64 operations in 62 patients , aged from 6 weeks to 70 years , undergoing limb and abdominal surgery including caesarian sections and interventions in neonates . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Operations lasting up to 2h could be performed in the absence of sophisticated equipment such as pulse oximeters or ventilators in patients on spontaneous ventilation breathing air / oxygen only .
### Output Text: | Operations lasting up to 2h could be performed in the absence of sophisticated equipment such as pulse oximeters or ventilators in patients on spontaneous ventilation breathing air / <span class="chemical">oxygen</span> only . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: After premedication with diazepam , glycopyrrolate and local anaesthesia , and induction with standard doses of ketamine , a maintenance dose of 10 - 20 microg / kg / min of ketamine proved safe and effective .
### Output Text: | After premedication with <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> , <span class="chemical">glycopyrrolate</span> and local anaesthesia , and induction with standard doses of <span class="chemical">ketamine</span> , a maintenance dose of 10 - 20 microg / kg / min of <span class="chemical">ketamine</span> proved safe and effective . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Emphasis was placed on bedside clinical monitoring , relying heavily on the heart rate .
### Output Text: | Emphasis was placed on bedside clinical monitoring , relying heavily on the heart rate . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Diazepam , unless contraindicated or risky , remains the only necessary complementary drug to ketamine as it buffers its cardiovascular response and decreases the duration and intensity of operative and postoperative hallucinations .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Diazepam</span> , unless contraindicated or risky , remains the only necessary complementary drug to <span class="chemical">ketamine</span> as it buffers its cardiovascular response and decreases the duration and intensity of operative and postoperative hallucinations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Local anaesthetic blocks were useful in decreasing the requirement for postoperative analgesia .
### Output Text: | Local anaesthetic blocks were useful in decreasing the requirement for postoperative analgesia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: An antisialogue was usually unnecessary in operations lasting up to 2 h , glycopyrrolate being the best choice for its lowest psychotropic and chronotropic effects , especially in a hot climate .
### Output Text: | An antisialogue was usually unnecessary in operations lasting up to 2 h , <span class="chemical">glycopyrrolate</span> being the best choice for its lowest psychotropic and chronotropic effects , especially in a hot climate . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Experience in war / tropical settings suggests this technique could be useful in civilian contexts such as outdoor life - saving emergency surgery or in mass casualties where , e . g . amputation and rapid extrication were required .
### Output Text: | Experience in war / tropical settings suggests this technique could be useful in civilian contexts such as outdoor life - saving emergency surgery or in mass casualties where , e . g . amputation and rapid extrication were required . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intravenous ribavirin treatment for severe adenovirus disease in immunocompromised children .
### Output Text: | Intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> treatment for severe adenovirus disease in immunocompromised children . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Adenovirus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Adenovirus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The incidence of severe adenovirus disease in pediatrics is increasing in association with growing numbers of immunocompromised children , where case fatality rates as high as 50 % to 80 % have been reported .
### Output Text: | The incidence of severe adenovirus disease in pediatrics is increasing in association with growing numbers of immunocompromised children , where case fatality rates as high as 50 % to 80 % have been reported . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: There are no approved antiviral agents with proven efficacy for the treatment of severe adenovirus disease , nor are there any prospective randomized , controlled trials of potentially useful anti - adenovirus therapies .
### Output Text: | There are no approved antiviral agents with proven efficacy for the treatment of severe adenovirus disease , nor are there any prospective randomized , controlled trials of potentially useful anti - adenovirus therapies . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Apparent clinical success in the treatment of severe adenovirus disease is limited to a few case reports and small series .
### Output Text: | Apparent clinical success in the treatment of severe adenovirus disease is limited to a few case reports and small series . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Experience is greatest with intravenous ribavirin and cidofovir .
### Output Text: | Experience is greatest with intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> and <span class="chemical">cidofovir</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ribavirin , a guanosine analogue , has broad antiviral activity against both RNA and DNA viruses , including documented activity against adenovirus in vitro .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Ribavirin</span> , a <span class="chemical">guanosine</span> analogue , has broad antiviral activity against both RNA and DNA viruses , including documented activity against adenovirus in vitro . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ribavirin is licensed in aerosol form for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection , and orally in combination with interferon to treat hepatitis C .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Ribavirin</span> is licensed in aerosol form for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection , and orally in combination with interferon to treat hepatitis C . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intravenous ribavirin is the treatment of choice for infection with hemorrhagic fever viruses .
### Output Text: | Intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> is the treatment of choice for infection with hemorrhagic fever viruses . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The most common adverse effect of intravenous ribavirin is reversible mild anemia .
### Output Text: | The most common adverse effect of intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> is reversible mild anemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The use of cidofovir in severe adenovirus infection has been limited by adverse effects , the most significant of which is nephrotoxicity .
### Output Text: | The use of <span class="chemical">cidofovir</span> in severe adenovirus infection has been limited by adverse effects , the most significant of which is nephrotoxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : We report our experience with intravenous ribavirin therapy for severe adenovirus disease in a series of immunocompromised children and review the literature .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : We report our experience with intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> therapy for severe adenovirus disease in a series of immunocompromised children and review the literature . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: DESIGN / METHODS : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 5 children treated with intravenous ribavirin for documented severe adenovirus disease .
### Output Text: | DESIGN / METHODS : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 5 children treated with intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> for documented severe adenovirus disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Two patients developed adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis after cardiac and bone marrow transplants , respectively .
### Output Text: | Two patients developed adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis after cardiac and bone marrow transplants , respectively . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The bone marrow transplant patient also received intravenous cidofovir for progressive disseminated disease .
### Output Text: | The bone marrow transplant patient also received intravenous <span class="chemical">cidofovir</span> for progressive disseminated disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: An additional 3 children developed adenovirus pneumonia ; 2 were neonates , 1 of whom had partial DiGeorge syndrome .
### Output Text: | An additional 3 children developed adenovirus pneumonia ; 2 were neonates , 1 of whom had partial DiGeorge syndrome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The remaining infant had recently undergone a cardiac transplant .
### Output Text: | The remaining infant had recently undergone a cardiac transplant . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intravenous ribavirin was administered on a compassionate - use protocol .
### Output Text: | Intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> was administered on a compassionate - use protocol . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Complete clinical recovery followed later by viral clearance was observed in 2 children : the cardiac transplant recipient with adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis and the immunocompetent neonate with adenovirus pneumonia .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Complete clinical recovery followed later by viral clearance was observed in 2 children : the cardiac transplant recipient with adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis and the immunocompetent neonate with adenovirus pneumonia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The remaining 3 children died of adenovirus disease .
### Output Text: | The remaining 3 children died of adenovirus disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intravenous ribavirin therapy was well tolerated .
### Output Text: | Intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> therapy was well tolerated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Use of cidofovir in 1 child was associated with progressive renal failure and neutropenia .
### Output Text: | Use of <span class="chemical">cidofovir</span> in 1 child was associated with progressive renal failure and neutropenia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: DISCUSSION : Our series of patients is representative of the spectrum of immunocompromised children at greatest risk for severe adenovirus disease , namely solid - organ and bone marrow transplant recipients , neonates , and children with immunodeficiency .
### Output Text: | DISCUSSION : Our series of patients is representative of the spectrum of immunocompromised children at greatest risk for severe adenovirus disease , namely solid - organ and bone marrow transplant recipients , neonates , and children with immunodeficiency . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Although intravenous ribavirin was not effective for all children with severe adenovirus disease in this series or in the literature , therapy is unlikely to be of benefit if begun late in the course of the infection .
### Output Text: | Although intravenous <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> was not effective for all children with severe adenovirus disease in this series or in the literature , therapy is unlikely to be of benefit if begun late in the course of the infection . |
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