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part_xaa/abbie_boudreau
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abbie_Boudreau","to":"Abbie Boudreau"}],"pages":{"16906268":{"pageid":16906268,"ns":0,"title":"Abbie Boudreau","extract":"Abbie Marie Boudreau (born April 14, 1978) is currently the CEO and founder of SOCKABU, a specialty sock company. Abbie is a 20- year TV broadcast veteran. She is a three time National Emmy Award winning journalist and a Gracie Award winner for her collaborative work on ABC News' Good Morning America.\n\n\nEarly career\nAbbie grew up in Bourbonnais, Illinois and attended Bradley Bourbonnais Community High School before attending Loyola University in Chicago earning her bachelor's and a master's degree in broadcast journalism from Northwestern University. Prior to joining CNN Boudreau worked at KWWL-TV in Waterloo, Iowa, WWMT-TV in Kalamazoo, MI, and KNXV-TV in Phoenix, AZ.Abbie Boudreau was an ABC News correspondent based in the network's Los Angeles bureau. She reported for all broadcasts and platforms, including \"World News with Diane Sawyer\", \"Nightline\", and \"Good Morning America\", as well as ABC Now and ABCNews.com. Prior to joining ABC news, Boudreau was an investigative correspondent with CNN. Her work there earned her two national Emmy nominations, a National Headliner Award, a national Clarion Award and the Livingston Award for international reporting. She was also an IRE finalist for an investigative series, \"Hurricane Giveaway\", which revealed that millions of dollars in supplies intended for the victims of Hurricane Katrina were given away to other government agencies, including prisons. Throughout her career, Boudreau's investigations repeatedly led to significant action. As the United States Postal Service was facing financial issues in 2009, Boudreau exposed the agency's practice of buying million dollar homes to relocate its employees, a policy that changed after the investigation aired. One month after her investigation into the controversial 96-hour rule, which required NATO soldiers to release suspects or turn them over to Afghan authorities after 96 hours, the U.S. Department of Defense announced it was doing away with the rule and putting a new policy in place. Before joining CNN in 2007, Boudreau worked as an Investigative reporter at ABC's Phoenix affiliate KNXV-TV, where she received numerous awards for her work, including regional Edward R. Murrow awards for investigative reporting in both 2006 and 2007.She has received seven regional Emmy Awards for investigative reporting and writing and enterprise journalism and two national Emmy Award nominations for investigative reporting. In addition, she has been honored with multiple Arizona AP Broadcasters Association Awards for investigative news and enterprise news, the First Amendment Award through the Society of Professional Journalists and the Television Award from the American College of Emergency Physicians. Boudreau has also worked for WWMT-TV in Kalamazoo, MI., and began her career at KWWL-TV in Waterloo, IA. \n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/achuguayo
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"24538809":{"pageid":24538809,"ns":0,"title":"Achuguayo","extract":"Achuguayo is the god of the Moon in Guanche religion in Tenerife. He was the duality of Magec (god of the sun). He was also called the \"Father of Time\", as he was in charge of regulating time.\n\n\nReferences\nGuanche Religion"}}}}
part_xaa/ab_bariki
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Ab_Bariki","to":"Ab Bariki"}],"pages":{"34560095":{"pageid":34560095,"ns":0,"title":"Ab Bariki","extract":"Ab Bariki (Persian: \u0622\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u064a, also Romanized as \u0100b B\u0101r\u012bk\u012b, \u0100b-e B\u0101r\u012bk\u012b, and \u0100b-i-B\u0101r\u012bk\u012b) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,648, in 358 families.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abolboda
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"3553513":{"pageid":3553513,"ns":0,"title":"Abolboda","extract":"Abolboda is a genus of flowering plants, traditionally and nowadays (Kubitzki system and APG IV) assigned to family Xyridaceae. It is native to South America and to the island of Trinidad, generally on marshy savanna.\nSpeciesAbolboda abbreviata Malme - Par\u00e1 in Brazil\nAbolboda acaulis Maguire - Venezuela, Guyana\nAbolboda acicularis Idrobo & L.B.Sm. - Venezuela, Colombia\nAbolboda americana (Aubl.) Lanj. - Trinidad & Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil\nAbolboda bella Maguire - Cerro Yapacana in Venezuela\nAbolboda ciliata Maguire & Wurdack - Sierra de la Neblina in Venezuela\nAbolboda dunstervillei Maguire ex Kral - Cerro Avispa in Venezuela\nAbolboda ebracteata Maguire & Wurdack - Venezuela, Colombia\nAbolboda egleri L.B.Sm. & Downs - Venezuela, Colombia, Par\u00e1\nAbolboda \u00d7 glomerata Maguire - Venezuela (A. linearifolia \u00d7 A. macrostachya)\nAbolboda grandis Griseb. - Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, northwestern Brazil\nAbolboda granularis (Maguire) L.M.Campb. & Kral - Venezuela, Colombia\nAbolboda killipii Lasser - Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, northwestern Brazil\nAbolboda linearifolia Maguire - State of Amazonas in southern Venezuela\nAbolboda macrostachya Spruce ex Malme - Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil\nAbolboda neblinae Maguire - Sierra de la Neblina in Venezuela, northwestern Brazil\nAbolboda paniculata Maguire - Venezuela, northwestern Brazil\nAbolboda poarchon Seub. - Brazil, Paraguay\nAbolboda pulchella Humb. & Bonpl. - Venezuela, Colombia, the Guianas, Brazil\nAbolboda scabrida Kral - Cerro Aracamuni in Venezuela\nAbolboda sprucei Malme - Colombia, State of Amazonas in southern Venezuela\nAbolboda uniflora Maguire - Cerro Duida in VenezuelaFormerly included\nAbolboda ptaritepuiana Steyerm. (synonym of Orectanthe ptaritepuiana)\nAbolboda sceptrum Oliv. (synonym of Orectanthe sceptrum)\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_bright
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_Bright","to":"Adam Bright"}],"pages":{"21361894":{"pageid":21361894,"ns":0,"title":"Adam Bright","extract":"Adam Bright (born 11 August 1984, in Melbourne) is an Australian left-handed pitcher. He is son of ex-star Australian spin bowler Ray Bright.\n\n\nCareer\nBright signed with the Colorado Rockies in 2002 at the age of 17 after a strong performance at the 2002 Junior World Championships. He debuted with the Casper Rockies in 2003 and led the Pioneer League with most games pitched.\nIn 2004, he debuted for the Victoria Aces in the Claxton Shield and later that year played A- ball with the Tri-City Dust Devils. In 2005, Bright had his first full-season with a 4\u20132 record including 6 saves and a 3.38 ERA in 51 games for the Asheville Tourists.\nBright made his debut with Australia's senior national team in the 2005 Baseball World Cup, with a win against the Czech Republic and a 1.50 ERA in four games. He also made one appearance against Italy in the 2006 World Baseball Classic. Bright also played for Australia in the 2007 Baseball World Cup and the 2009 World Baseball Classic, and was selected for the 2009 Baseball World Cup.In 2009, he played AA with the Tulsa Drillers and is often brought on as a LOOGY. He was also the shortest pitcher on the Drillers roster at 5'11\". In 2010, he was released by the Rockies and played in the Italian Baseball League with Telemarket Rimini before moving back to Australia to play for the Melbourne Aces in the Australian Baseball League. In the 2010-11 Australian Baseball League season he pitched 2\u20133 with a 3.12 ERA including two saves.\nIn 2011, he was signed to the Aces sister team, the Yomiuri Giants. In three relief appearances he finished his Nippon Professional Baseball career with a 2.45 ERA.\nBright finished his professional career with the Aces during the 2013-14 season where in two starts he held an uncharacteristic ERA of 29.70.\n\n\nAwards and honors\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nCareer statistics and player information from MLB, or Baseball Reference (Minors)\nAdam Bright at MiLB"}}}}
part_xaa/aaron_herr
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aaron_Herr","to":"Aaron Herr"}],"pages":{"2762100":{"pageid":2762100,"ns":0,"title":"Aaron Herr","extract":"Aaron Mitchell Herr (born March 7, 1981) is a professional baseball player who played for the Lancaster Barnstormers of the independent Atlantic League in 2011. He has played the majority of his minor league career with the Atlanta Braves organization. He is the son of Tom Herr, who was also a professional baseball player and Aaron's high school coach. His younger brother, Jordan, is a member of the Great Falls Voyagers, the Rookie-level affiliate of the Chicago White Sox.\n\n\nCareer\n\n\nRookie and Single-A beginning\nHerr was drafted by the Braves in the first round of the 2000 amateur early draft, and he was later selected by the Seattle Mariners in the Rule 5 draft but was later released. After playing with the Braves rookie and AA-level affiliates in Lake Buena Vista, Danville, Macon, Myrtle Beach, and Greenville, he signed with his hometown Lancaster Barnstormers in 2005, but never played a game.\n\n\nDouble-A rising star to Triple-A All-Star\nThe St. Louis Cardinals picked up Herr and allocated him to their AA-level team, the Springfield Cardinals. In 2006, Herr joined the Cincinnati Reds organization, and was initially assigned to the Chattanooga Lookouts. Later in the 2006 season, he moved his way up to the AAA-level Louisville Bats. Granted free agency after the season, Herr signed a minor-league contract with the Cleveland Indians, and played for the AAA-level Buffalo Bisons. Herr had his best season with Louisville in 2007, when he hit a .274 batting average with 31 doubles and 19 home runs and played as a member of the 2007 International League All-Star team. On June 23, 2008, he was traded back to the Cincinnati Reds organization for cash considerations, and he was assigned to the Louisville Bats.\n\n\nThe return home\nOn March 5, 2009, his hometown Lancaster Barnstormers signed Aaron Herr for the 2009 season. His return to Lancaster is the result of the Cincinnati Reds dropping him from their system after a severe groin injury. Herr's signing with the Barnstormers is his attempt to show an affiliated team that he is healthy enough for professional baseball. Coincidentally, his father is Lancaster's bench coach for the 2009 season. Herr retired following the 2011 season.\n\n\nTrivia\nAaron served as a batboy for the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1980s, when his father played on the team.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAaron Herr's statistics at The Baseball Cube"}}}}
part_xaa/abu_al-muhajir_dinar
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abu_al-Muhajir_Dinar","to":"Abu al-Muhajir Dinar"}],"pages":{"9926479":{"pageid":9926479,"ns":0,"title":"Abu al-Muhajir Dinar","extract":"Abu al-Muhajir Dinar (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631) was a governor of Ifriqiya under the Umayyad Caliphate and lead the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. He died in Tabuda after the Battle of Vescera in 683.\n\n\nBiography\nHis biography is complicated by the existence of two versions of the history of the Umayyad conquest of North Africa, those written before the 11th century and those written later.He may have been of Arab, or Coptic origin. He was originally a slave of Maslama ibn Mukhallad, a member of the Ansar, who gave him his freedom. Maslama, one of Muhammad's companions, was appointed by the first Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I to the position of governor of Egypt and Ifriqiya. The inclusion of Ifriqiya was nominal, as until then the Arabs had made only temporary raids in that direction without attempting permanent control.In 675, Maslama appointed Abu al-Muhajir to the position of amir or general of the Umayyad forces in Ifriqiya. This position was already occupied by Uqba ibn Nafi, a member of the Banu Quraish. Maslama advised Abu al-Muhajir to relieve Uqba of his position with due deference, but it seems that this did not happen. Uqba was shackled and thrown into prison, from which he was only released when the Caliph requested to see him. As Uqba left Ifriqiya for Damascus, he vowed to treat Abu al-Muhajir as he had been treated.Uqba had established a camp at Qayrawan. It is said that Abu al-Muhajir abandoned this (in some accounts, destroyed it) and built another settlement two miles away. According to histories written many centuries later this city was called T\u0101karw\u0101n (Arabic: \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646). Until then it had been the custom for the amirs of Ifriqiya to return to Egypt between raids, and Abu al-Muhajir is said to be the first amir to stay in Ifriqiya permanently.What Abu al-Muhajir accomplished in the nine or so years of his command are not agreed by the two different versions of the histories. Histories written in the 9th century credit him with advancing no further west than Mila, Algeria, while those written from the eleventh century on have him capturing Tlemcen.Muawiyah's successor as Caliph, Yazid I, was responsible for restoring Uqba to his previous position. Uqba arrived in Ifriqiya in 682, and immediately fulfilled his vow. Abu al-Muhajir was shackled and forced to accompany Uqba whenever he went on expeditions.In 683, Uqba's forces were ambushed by the Berber chief Kusaila near Tehouda \u2013 the ancient Roman fort of Thabudeos \u2013 in Algeria. Uqba is said to have offered to unchain Abu al-Muhajir so that he might have a better chance to fight, but Abu al-Muhajir said that he would rather die fighting wearing his chains. Both men were killed in this battle with 300 members of Okba's cavalry.He is buried in Sidi Okba in Algeria in the al-Shurafa cemetery with 300 dead of the Battle of Vescera in front of the mosque of Sidi Okba or what is the tomb of General Uqba ibn Nafi.\n\n\nSee also\nUmayyad Caliphate\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nBibliography\nIbn Abd al-Hakam, Kitab Futuh Misr wa'l Maghrib wa'l Andalus. The only substantial English translation of this 9th century work is that of Torrey (who also later edited the critical Arabic edition, Yale University Press, 1932): \"The Muhammedan Conquest of Egypt and North Africa in the Years 643-705 A.D., translated from the Original Arabic of Ibn 'Abd-el Hakem'\", Biblical and Semitic Studies vol. 1 (1901), 279\u2013330.\nAbu Zaid Abd ur-Rahman bin Muhammad ad-Dabbagh (13th century, updated by Abu al-Fadl Abu al-Qasim ibn Naji in the 15th century), Ma'alim al-Aman fi Ma'arufat Ahl al-Qayrawan. Critical Arabic edition by Ibrahim Shubbuh, Makataba al-Khananaji, Cairo, 1968.\nA. Benabb\u00e8s: \"Les premiers raids arabes en Numidie byzantine: questions toponymiques.\" In Identit\u00e9s et Cultures dans l'Alg\u00e9rie Antique, University of Rouen, 2005 (ISBN 2-87775-391-3)\nYves Mod\u00e9ran: \"Kusayla, l'Afrique et les Arabes.\" In Identit\u00e9s et Cultures dans l'Alg\u00e9rie Antique, University of Rouen, 2005 (ISBN 2-87775-391-3).\nMarcel Solignac: Recherches sur les Installations Hydrauliques de Kairouan et des Steppes Tunisiennes du VIIe au XIe Si\u00e8cle (J.C.), Institut d'\u00c9tudes Orientales de la Facult\u00e9 des Lettres d'Alger, 1953. (Not just on hydraulics, contains valuable historical research)."}}}}
part_xaa/abacetus_aeratus
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abacetus_aeratus","to":"Abacetus aeratus"}],"pages":{"40180740":{"pageid":40180740,"ns":0,"title":"Abacetus aeratus","extract":"Abacetus aeratus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Tschitscherine in 1900 and is an endemic species found in Vietnam, Asia.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/ade_classification
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"ADE_classification","to":"ADE classification"}],"pages":{"648042":{"pageid":648042,"ns":0,"title":"ADE classification","extract":"In mathematics, the ADE classification (originally A-D-E classifications) is a situation where certain kinds of objects are in correspondence with simply laced Dynkin diagrams. The question of giving a common origin to these classifications, rather than a posteriori verification of a parallelism, was posed in (Arnold 1976). The complete list of simply laced Dynkin diagrams comprises\n\n \n \n \n \n A\n \n n\n \n \n ,\n \n \n D\n \n n\n \n \n ,\n \n \n E\n \n 6\n \n \n ,\n \n \n E\n \n 7\n \n \n ,\n \n \n E\n \n 8\n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A_{n},\\,D_{n},\\,E_{6},\\,E_{7},\\,E_{8}.}\n Here \"simply laced\" means that there are no multiple edges, which corresponds to all simple roots in the root system forming angles of \n \n \n \n \u03c0\n \n /\n \n 2\n =\n \n 90\n \n \u2218\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\pi /2=90^{\\circ }}\n (no edge between the vertices) or \n \n \n \n 2\n \u03c0\n \n /\n \n 3\n =\n \n 120\n \n \u2218\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle 2\\pi /3=120^{\\circ }}\n (single edge between the vertices). These are two of the four families of Dynkin diagrams (omitting \n \n \n \n \n B\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle B_{n}}\n and \n \n \n \n \n C\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle C_{n}}\n ), and three of the five exceptional Dynkin diagrams (omitting \n \n \n \n \n F\n \n 4\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle F_{4}}\n and \n \n \n \n \n G\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle G_{2}}\n ).\nThis list is non-redundant if one takes \n \n \n \n n\n \u2265\n 4\n \n \n {\\displaystyle n\\geq 4}\n for \n \n \n \n \n D\n \n n\n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle D_{n}.}\n If one extends the families to include redundant terms, one obtains the exceptional isomorphisms\n\n \n \n \n \n D\n \n 3\n \n \n \u2245\n \n A\n \n 3\n \n \n ,\n \n E\n \n 4\n \n \n \u2245\n \n A\n \n 4\n \n \n ,\n \n E\n \n 5\n \n \n \u2245\n \n D\n \n 5\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle D_{3}\\cong A_{3},E_{4}\\cong A_{4},E_{5}\\cong D_{5},}\n and corresponding isomorphisms of classified objects.\nThe A, D, E nomenclature also yields the simply laced finite Coxeter groups, by the same diagrams: in this case the Dynkin diagrams exactly coincide with the Coxeter diagrams, as there are no multiple edges.\n\n\nLie algebras\nIn terms of complex semisimple Lie algebras:\n\n \n \n \n \n A\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle A_{n}}\n corresponds to \n \n \n \n \n \n \n s\n l\n \n \n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n (\n \n C\n \n )\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {sl}}_{n+1}(\\mathbf {C} ),}\n the special linear Lie algebra of traceless operators,\n\n \n \n \n \n D\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle D_{n}}\n corresponds to \n \n \n \n \n \n \n s\n o\n \n \n \n 2\n n\n \n \n (\n \n C\n \n )\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {so}}_{2n}(\\mathbf {C} ),}\n the even special orthogonal Lie algebra of even-dimensional skew-symmetric operators, and\n\n \n \n \n \n E\n \n 6\n \n \n ,\n \n E\n \n 7\n \n \n ,\n \n E\n \n 8\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle E_{6},E_{7},E_{8}}\n are three of the five exceptional Lie algebras.In terms of compact Lie algebras and corresponding simply laced Lie groups:\n\n \n \n \n \n A\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle A_{n}}\n corresponds to \n \n \n \n \n \n \n s\n u\n \n \n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {su}}_{n+1},}\n the algebra of the special unitary group \n \n \n \n S\n U\n (\n n\n +\n 1\n )\n ;\n \n \n {\\displaystyle SU(n+1);}\n \n\n \n \n \n \n D\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle D_{n}}\n corresponds to \n \n \n \n \n \n \n s\n o\n \n \n \n 2\n n\n \n \n (\n \n R\n \n )\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {so}}_{2n}(\\mathbf {R} ),}\n the algebra of the even projective special orthogonal group \n \n \n \n P\n S\n O\n (\n 2\n n\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle PSO(2n)}\n , while\n\n \n \n \n \n E\n \n 6\n \n \n ,\n \n E\n \n 7\n \n \n ,\n \n E\n \n 8\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle E_{6},E_{7},E_{8}}\n are three of five exceptional compact Lie algebras.\n\n\nBinary polyhedral groups\nThe same classification applies to discrete subgroups of \n \n \n \n S\n U\n (\n 2\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle SU(2)}\n , the binary polyhedral groups; properly, binary polyhedral groups correspond to the simply laced affine Dynkin diagrams \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n A\n ~\n \n \n \n \n n\n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n D\n ~\n \n \n \n \n n\n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n E\n ~\n \n \n \n \n k\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\tilde {A}}_{n},{\\tilde {D}}_{n},{\\tilde {E}}_{k},}\n and the representations of these groups can be understood in terms of these diagrams. This connection is known as the McKay correspondence after John McKay. The connection to Platonic solids is described in (Dickson 1959). The correspondence uses the construction of McKay graph.\nNote that the ADE correspondence is not the correspondence of Platonic solids to their reflection group of symmetries: for instance, in the ADE correspondence the tetrahedron, cube/octahedron, and dodecahedron/icosahedron correspond to \n \n \n \n \n E\n \n 6\n \n \n ,\n \n E\n \n 7\n \n \n ,\n \n E\n \n 8\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle E_{6},E_{7},E_{8},}\n while the reflection groups of the tetrahedron, cube/octahedron, and dodecahedron/icosahedron are instead representations of the Coxeter groups \n \n \n \n \n A\n \n 3\n \n \n ,\n B\n \n C\n \n 3\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A_{3},BC_{3},}\n and \n \n \n \n \n H\n \n 3\n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle H_{3}.}\n \nThe orbifold of \n \n \n \n \n \n C\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {C} ^{2}}\n constructed using each discrete subgroup leads to an ADE-type singularity at the origin, termed a du Val singularity.\nThe McKay correspondence can be extended to multiply laced Dynkin diagrams, by using a pair of binary polyhedral groups. This is known as the Slodowy correspondence, named after Peter Slodowy \u2013 see (Stekolshchik 2008).\n\n\nLabeled graphs\nThe ADE graphs and the extended (affine) ADE graphs can also be characterized in terms of labellings with certain properties, which can be stated in terms of the discrete Laplace operators or Cartan matrices. Proofs in terms of Cartan matrices may be found in (Kac 1990, pp. 47\u201354).\nThe affine ADE graphs are the only graphs that admit a positive labeling (labeling of the nodes by positive real numbers) with the following property:\n\nTwice any label is the sum of the labels on adjacent vertices.That is, they are the only positive functions with eigenvalue 1 for the discrete Laplacian (sum of adjacent vertices minus value of vertex) \u2013 the positive solutions to the homogeneous equation:\n\n \n \n \n \u0394\n \u03d5\n =\n \u03d5\n .\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\Delta \\phi =\\phi .\\ }\n Equivalently, the positive functions in the kernel of \n \n \n \n \u0394\n \u2212\n I\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\Delta -I.}\n The resulting numbering is unique up to scale, and if normalized such that the smallest number is 1, consists of small integers \u2013 1 through 6, depending on the graph.\nThe ordinary ADE graphs are the only graphs that admit a positive labeling with the following property:\n\nTwice any label minus two is the sum of the labels on adjacent vertices.In terms of the Laplacian, the positive solutions to the inhomogeneous equation:\n\n \n \n \n \u0394\n \u03d5\n =\n \u03d5\n \u2212\n 2.\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\Delta \\phi =\\phi -2.\\ }\n The resulting numbering is unique (scale is specified by the \"2\") and consists of integers; for E8 they range from 58 to 270, and have been observed as early as (Bourbaki 1968).\n\n\nOther classifications\nThe elementary catastrophes are also classified by the ADE classification.\nThe ADE diagrams are exactly the quivers of finite type, via Gabriel's theorem.\nThere is also a link with generalized quadrangles, as the three non-degenerate GQs with three points on each line correspond to the three exceptional root systems E6, E7 and E8.\nThe classes A and D correspond degenerate cases where the line set is empty or we have all lines passing through a fixed point, respectively.There are deep connections between these objects, hinted at by the classification; some of these connections can be understood via string theory and quantum mechanics.\nIt was suggested that symmetries of small droplet clusters may be subject to an ADE classification.The minimal models of two-dimensional conformal field theory have an ADE classification.\nFour dimensional \n \n \n \n \n \n N\n \n \n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {N}}=2}\n superconformal gauge quiver theories with unitary gauge groups have an ADE classification.\n\n\nTrinities\nArnold has subsequently proposed many further connections in this vein, under the rubric of \"mathematical trinities\", and McKay has extended his correspondence along parallel and sometimes overlapping lines. Arnold terms these \"trinities\" to evoke religion, and suggest that (currently) these parallels rely more on faith than on rigorous proof, though some parallels are elaborated. Further trinities have been suggested by other authors. Arnold's trinities begin with R/C/H (the real numbers, complex numbers, and quaternions), which he remarks \"everyone knows\", and proceeds to imagine the other trinities as \"complexifications\" and \"quaternionifications\" of classical (real) mathematics, by analogy with finding symplectic analogs of classic Riemannian geometry, which he had previously proposed in the 1970s. In addition to examples from differential topology (such as characteristic classes), Arnold considers the three Platonic symmetries (tetrahedral, octahedral, icosahedral) as corresponding to the reals, complexes, and quaternions, which then connects with McKay's more algebraic correspondences, below.\nMcKay's correspondences are easier to describe. Firstly, the extended Dynkin diagrams \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n E\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 6\n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n E\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 7\n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n E\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 8\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\tilde {E}}_{6},{\\tilde {E}}_{7},{\\tilde {E}}_{8}}\n (corresponding to tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral symmetry) have symmetry groups \n \n \n \n \n S\n \n 3\n \n \n ,\n \n S\n \n 2\n \n \n ,\n \n S\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle S_{3},S_{2},S_{1},}\n respectively, and the associated foldings are the diagrams \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n G\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 2\n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n F\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 4\n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n E\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 8\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\tilde {G}}_{2},{\\tilde {F}}_{4},{\\tilde {E}}_{8}}\n (note that in less careful writing, the extended (tilde) qualifier is often omitted). More significantly, McKay suggests a correspondence between the nodes of the \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n E\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 8\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\tilde {E}}_{8}}\n diagram and certain conjugacy classes of the monster group, which is known as McKay's E8 observation; see also monstrous moonshine. McKay further relates the nodes of \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n E\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 7\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\tilde {E}}_{7}}\n to conjugacy classes in 2.B (an order 2 extension of the baby monster group), and the nodes of \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n E\n ~\n \n \n \n \n 6\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\tilde {E}}_{6}}\n to conjugacy classes in 3.Fi24' (an order 3 extension of the Fischer group) \u2013 note that these are the three largest sporadic groups, and that the order of the extension corresponds to the symmetries of the diagram.\nTurning from large simple groups to small ones, the corresponding Platonic groups \n \n \n \n \n A\n \n 4\n \n \n ,\n \n S\n \n 4\n \n \n ,\n \n A\n \n 5\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle A_{4},S_{4},A_{5}}\n have connections with the projective special linear groups PSL(2,5), PSL(2,7), and PSL(2,11) (orders 60, 168, and 660), which is deemed a \"McKay correspondence\". These groups are the only (simple) values for p such that PSL(2,p) acts non-trivially on p points, a fact dating back to \u00c9variste Galois in the 1830s. In fact, the groups decompose as products of sets (not as products of groups) as: \n \n \n \n \n A\n \n 4\n \n \n \u00d7\n \n Z\n \n 5\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A_{4}\\times Z_{5},}\n \n \n \n \n \n S\n \n 4\n \n \n \u00d7\n \n Z\n \n 7\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle S_{4}\\times Z_{7},}\n and \n \n \n \n \n A\n \n 5\n \n \n \u00d7\n \n Z\n \n 11\n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A_{5}\\times Z_{11}.}\n These groups also are related to various geometries, which dates to Felix Klein in the 1870s; see icosahedral symmetry: related geometries for historical discussion and (Kostant 1995) for more recent exposition. Associated geometries (tilings on Riemann surfaces) in which the action on p points can be seen are as follows: PSL(2,5) is the symmetries of the icosahedron (genus 0) with the compound of five tetrahedra as a 5-element set, PSL(2,7) of the Klein quartic (genus 3) with an embedded (complementary) Fano plane as a 7-element set (order 2 biplane), and PSL(2,11) the buckminsterfullerene surface (genus 70) with embedded Paley biplane as an 11-element set (order 3 biplane). Of these, the icosahedron dates to antiquity, the Klein quartic to Klein in the 1870s, and the buckyball surface to Pablo Martin and David Singerman in 2008.\nAlgebro-geometrically, McKay also associates E6, E7, E8 respectively with: the 27 lines on a cubic surface, the 28 bitangents of a plane quartic curve, and the 120 tritangent planes of a canonic sextic curve of genus 4. The first of these is well-known, while the second is connected as follows: projecting the cubic from any point not on a line yields a double cover of the plane, branched along a quartic curve, with the 27 lines mapping to 27 of the 28 bitangents, and the 28th line is the image of the exceptional curve of the blowup. Note that the fundamental representations of E6, E7, E8 have dimensions 27, 56 (28\u00b72), and 248 (120+128), while the number of roots is 27+45 = 72, 56+70 = 126, and 112+128 = 240.\nThis should also fit into the scheme of relating E8,7,6 with the largest three of the sporadic simple groups, Monster, Baby and Fischer 24', cf. monstrous moonshine.\n\n\nSee also\nElliptic surface\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nSources\n\n\nExternal links\nJohn Baez, This Week's Finds in Mathematical Physics: Week 62, Week 63, Week 64, Week 65, August 28, 1995, through October 3, 1995, and Week 230, May 4, 2006\nThe McKay Correspondence, Tony Smith\nADE classification, McKay correspondence, and string theory, Lubo\u0161 Motl, The Reference Frame, May 7, 2006"}}}}
part_xaa/abu_abdallah_mohammed_ii_saadi
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abu_Abdallah_Mohammed_II_Saadi","to":"Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi"}],"pages":{"8252638":{"pageid":8252638,"ns":0,"title":"Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi","extract":"Abu Abdallah Mohammed II, Al-Mutawakkil, often simply Abdallah Mohammed (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a) (died 4 August 1578) was a Sultan of Morocco from 1574 to 1576. He was the oldest son of Abdallah al-Ghalib and became Sultan after his father's death.\n\n\nLife\nImmediately after his accession to the throne, he had one of his brothers executed and another (Mulay en-Naser, the governor of Tadla) imprisoned.\nAbu Abdallah's uncle, Abd al-Malik, who, like his father Abdallah al-Ghalib, was a son of Mohammed ash-Sheikh, had already fled to Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire in 1574. Back in Ottoman Algeria, Abd al-Malik succeeded in organising his own army, consisting of Ottoman soldiers, and in 1576 he invaded Morocco and conquered Fez from his nephew, in the capture of Fez. The first battle was in al-Rukn in the lands of Banu waritin, near Fez. In a second battle near Sal\u00e9 (Rabat) in Jandaq al-Rayhan, where Abd al-Malik also defeated his nephew. A third battle, also won by Abd al-Malik, took place in Taroudannt.\nBoth Abd al-Malik and Abu Abdallah died two years later in the Battle of Alc\u00e1cer Quibir, in 1578. In that battle, Abu Abdallah fought his last battle against his uncle Abd al-Malik with the help of his Portuguese allies.\n\n\nSee also\nList of rulers of Morocco\nHistory of Morocco\nSaadi dynasty\n\n\nNotes"}}}}
part_xaa/acidoxanthopsis
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"22542427":{"pageid":22542427,"ns":0,"title":"Acidoxanthopsis","extract":"Acidoxanthopsis is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.There is only one species placed under the genus Acidoxanthopsis, Acidoxanthopsis advena (Hering, 1941).\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abu_havan-e_yek
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abu_Havan-e_Yek","to":"Abu Havan-e Yek"}],"pages":{"37075288":{"pageid":37075288,"ns":0,"title":"Abu Havan-e Yek","extract":"Abu Havan-e Yek (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0643, also Romanized as \u0100b\u016b H\u0101van-e Ye\u1e35) is a village in Mollasani Rural District, in the Central District of Bavi County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 30 families. Most of its economy rests on farming.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_kokesh
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_Kokesh","to":"Adam Kokesh"}],"pages":{"11526353":{"pageid":11526353,"ns":0,"title":"Adam Kokesh","extract":"Adam Charles Kokesh (; born February 1, 1982) is an American libertarian political activist, radio host, and author. Kokesh was a U.S. 2020 Libertarian presidential candidate running on the single-issue platform of an \"orderly dissolution of the federal government.\"Kokesh is a former U.S. Marine Corps sergeant, serving in the Iraq War in 2004. Upon his return from Iraq, he became an anti-war activist and an advocate for Iraq Veterans Against the War. He emerged as a radio talk show host in 2011 when his TV, radio, and web access show Adam vs. The Man was licensed by RT America; this show was cancelled months later due to an FEC complaint.\n\n\nEarly life\nAdam Kokesh was born on February 1, 1982, in San Francisco, California, and is of German and Jewish heritage. He was raised in a middle-class family, and is the oldest of five siblings. His parents divorced when he was 10, after which Kokesh says he took refuge in punk rock.His father, Charles Kokesh, is a businessman, trophy hunter, and at one time the owner of Santa Fe Horse Park.As an adolescent, Kokesh had an interest in sports, science and technology, and was encouraged by his parents to read numerous books. When Kokesh was fourteen, he attended Devil Pups junior base camp at Camp Pendleton in San Diego County, California.He attended Stevenson School, a boarding school in Pebble Beach, for his first year of high school, until he was kicked out for possession of alcohol.He later attended the Native American Preparatory School in San Miguel County, New Mexico. During high school, Kokesh founded the campus radio station.\nKokesh received a bachelor's degree in psychology from Claremont McKenna College. He was the president of the Libertarian Club in college. He later enrolled in graduate studies in political management at George Washington University.\n\n\nMilitary service\nKokesh says he was inspired by his grandfather to enlist in the United States Marine Corps reserves at the age of seventeen, while still attending high school.Following graduation from high school, Kokesh volunteered to go to Fallujah, Iraq, with the 3rd Civil Affairs Group. For his tour in Iraq from February to September 2004, he received a Navy Commendation Medal, Combat Action Ribbon, and was promoted to the rank of a sergeant. He worked in schools and mosques, observed house raids, and says he was in a couple of convoys hit by IEDs.After completing his first tour, he became disillusioned with the war. Kokesh learned Arabic during his tenure in Iraq.After Kokesh was honorably discharged in September, he remained a member of the Individual Ready Reserve. He was scheduled to return to Iraq for a second tour, however Kokesh was demoted to a corporal and discharged from the Marine Corps after he wore his Marine uniform during an anti-war demonstration.\n\n\nActivism\n\n\nIraq Veterans Against The War\nIn February 2007, he became an active participant in the Iraq Veterans Against the War (IVAW). On March 19, to mark the 4th anniversary of the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, Kokesh and twelve other IVAW members participated in an occupation-like mock patrol of Washington, D.C.Kokesh first came to national attention after he was interviewed on CNN and ABC, and his photograph appeared in various newspapers, including the front page of the Los Angeles Times at a protest during Alberto Gonzales's testimony to Congress regarding the dismissal of U.S. attorneys. Kokesh, wearing his Marine Corps Boonie hat, held up a sign counting the number of times Gonzalez said \"I don't remember\" or \"I don't recall\" (Kokesh claimed Gonzalez used such phrases 74 times).\n\nIn April 2007, Kokesh and a number of other activists were arrested after protesting the Iraq war in the Senate Hart Office Building. Kokesh had performed a ceremony for lost service members using an American flag.During the Senate Hart Office Building demonstration, Kokesh was wearing combat fatigue pants (with name tags and emblems removed), which the Marine Corps prohibits reserve troops from wearing during anti-war demonstrations. After Kokesh was contacted via e-mail with a warning for violating uniform regulations, he responded with a refusal to comply and used an expletive in his reply. He contends that the warning was an attempt to silence and punish members of the military for exercising their constitutional rights; while the Marine Corps said it was a matter of ordinary discipline and Kokesh was not singled out. In June, a panel of officers stripped Kokesh of his \"honorable discharge\" status as a result of his conduct.Supporters of Kokesh from around the country later staged a protest, holding banners and signs in support of Kokesh, and criticizing George W. Bush over the war. Many of the protestors wore red badges bearing the number \"3,495\", the number of U.S. military deaths in Iraq at the time.In June 2007, Kokesh, along with IVAW members Liam Madden and Nate Lewis, was arrested for crossing onto Fort Benning during an anti-war protest. A spokesperson for the IVAW said the three had accidentally stepped onto the base while talking to a guard. The trespass charges were dismissed.\n\n\nRon Paul 2008 presidential campaign\nOn September 2, 2008, Kokesh spoke at Ron Paul's Rally for the Republic in St. Paul, Minnesota.\n\n\nThomas Jefferson Memorial silent dance\nOn May 28, 2011, Kokesh and other activists participated in a flash mob-silent dance at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C. in protest of a recent ruling against dancing within the monument.\nKokesh, along with four others including Medea Benjamin of Code Pink, were arrested by the U.S. Park Police for demonstrating without a permit. Kokesh was told he was under arrest after dancing a jig. He refused officers orders and was subsequently violently body-slammed onto the marble floor, put in a choke hold, then cuffed. The aggressive nature of the arrests raised concerns about the actions of some of the officers and prompted an internal investigation by the Park Police.A much larger protest on June 4 organized by Kokesh and Code Pink involved about 200 protesters and 75 dancers. About 10 minutes after the dancing began, police began clearing the monument. No arrests were made. When asked by a journalist if he had a permit to protest, Kokesh reportedly produced a copy of the Constitution and said, \"Actually I got a permit. It's the same one I swore an oath to when I enlisted in the Marine Corps. And it says something about 'freedom of assembly.'\"\n\n\nVeterans for Ron Paul (2012)\nKokesh was a spokesperson for \"Veterans for Ron Paul\", a grassroots group in support of the Ron Paul 2012 presidential campaign.On February 20, 2012, after a \"Veterans for Ron Paul\" rally organized by Kokesh, 500 marchers, including veterans, active-duty service, and their families, marched towards the White House. There they engaged in ceremonial flag-folding in memory of deceased soldiers and periods of silence for soldiers who died in battle and for those who committed suicide after returning.\n\n\nCursing ban in Middleborough, Massachusetts\nOn June 26, 2012, Kokesh organized a protest against the decision of Middleborough, Massachusetts, to ban cursing in public with punishment of a $20 fine. Kokesh said efforts to limit citizens' free speech was \"more offensive, vulgar and obscene than any curse word.\"In October 2012, the decision was overturned by the state's attorney general on the grounds that it was unconstitutional.\n\n\nOpen Carry March on Washington\nIn May 2013, Kokesh announced an \"Open Carry March on Washington\" where thousands of marchers bearing arms would cross from Virginia into Washington, D.C. on Independence Day to protest strict gun laws. He described the event as a nonviolent demonstration to be coordinated with DC law enforcement and that marchers should respond \"with Satyagraha\" and peacefully turn back if met with force, and should be prepared to \"submit to arrest without resisting.\"On July 4, 2013, Kokesh posted a YouTube video of himself allegedly loading a shotgun in Freedom Plaza in the District of Columbia in open defiance of DC law. Police indicated they believed he may have used a green screen, though on his return to the plaza on July 8 he insisted data from government surveillance cameras in Freedom Plaza would show he was there.On the evening of July 9, a U.S. Park Police SWAT team raided Kokesh's house in Herndon, Virginia, executing a search warrant for the shotgun and raw footage from the July 4 video. With helicopters providing air support, the police officers knocked then kicked in the door and lobbed a flash grenade in the foyer, filling the house with smoke. Police clad in body armor stormed in and handcuffed Kokesh and his housemates, who alleged mistreatment during the raid and the ensuing five-hour search, which allegedly turned up the shotgun and Psilocybin mushrooms. Kokesh was charged with possession of Schedule I or II drugs and possession of a gun with Schedule I or II drugs, both felonies. Kokesh refused to leave his cell to be arraigned and fingerprinted, but was arraigned by a judge in his cell the next day.In a jailhouse interview on July 18 Kokesh denied any connection to the drugs found in the raid, implying they were planted. On the same day, Kokesh announced his plans to run for President of the United States in 2020 on a platform of an orderly dissolution of the U.S. Federal Government.On July 26, Kokesh posted bail in Virginia and was immediately rearrested by U.S. Park Police for breaking a D.C. law forbidding bearing arms which carries a penalty of up to five years in jail, in connection with his Freedom Plaza video. Magistrate Judge Lori Parker ordered Kokesh to remain in the D.C. jail over the weekend because, she said, he had violated the rules of his release in another case. Specifically, she noted that in June 2013, Kokesh was charged with possession of marijuana after he was arrested on the south side of the White House allegedly smoking a marijuana cigarette. On July 29 D.C. Superior Court Judge Frederick Sullivan, calling Kokesh \"a very dangerous man,\" ordered him to remain in D.C. jail until trial.On November 6, 2013, Kokesh was released from jail after waiving his right to a trial and pleading guilty to the July 4 weapons charges and a marijuana possession charge from the June 8 White House protest. On January 16, 2014, Kokesh was sentenced to two years of probation.On June 12, 2014, Kokesh, after entering an Alford plea in Circuit Court to two felonies related to his possession of hallucinogenic mushrooms while possessing a gun, was convicted of drug and gun charges, which he did not contest. In September, Kokesh received a suspended sentence.\n\n\nProtest against the war in Syria\nIn April 2017, Kokesh had organized a demonstration in front of the White House as a protest against the Syrian bombing campaign, but before it could start Kokesh was arrested on an outstanding warrant for failing to appear in court on charges related to him disrupting a TSA security line in Maryland in 2015.\n\n\n2010 New Mexico 3rd Congressional District bid\nOn October 15, 2009, Kokesh filed with the FEC to run for the U.S. House of Representatives from New Mexico's 3rd congressional district as a Republican.He finished second in the Republican primary with 29 percent of the vote, losing the nomination to businessman Tom Mullins, who went on to lose the November general election to incumbent Democrat Ben Ray Luj\u00e1n.\n\n\nFREEDOM!\nWhile in jail after his 2013 arrest stemming from his civil disobedience at Freedom Plaza, Kokesh began work on his book FREEDOM!Kokesh got the idea for the book while reading other libertarian tracts during his stay in jail. The book advocates for the use of cryptocurrency and claims the safest populace is a well-armed one. FREEDOM! was published on Independence Day (July 4) in 2014.\n\n\nBook tours\nIn August 2016, Kokesh embarked on the \"For the Love of FREEDOM!\" tour. The tour, featuring over 60 stops and including all of the 48 contiguous states, served as an exploratory tour for his 2020 Presidential run. Free copies of his book were given away to all in attendance at each event.In January 2019, 204,453 copies of FREEDOM! were mailed for free to residents in many neighbourhoods of New Orleans, Louisiana. The distribution cost around US$131,000, which was primarily raised from cryptocurrency-related companies. The promotional campaign was named \"Operation Big Easy Book Bomb\" and intentionally timed before the 2020 Libertarian National Convention.\n\n\n2020 presidential campaign\n\nOn July 23, 2013, Kokesh announced his candidacy for U.S. president in 2020 from a jailhouse interview with Fox 5, after he was arrested for the Open Carry incident earlier that month. He stated he was running on the single-issue idea of an \"orderly dissolution of the U.S. Federal Government\". He was the first Libertarian Party candidate to announce a presidential bid for the 2020 election.On January 16, 2018, Kokesh reaffirmed his candidacy for president. He was pulled over by Texas Department of Public Safety Troopers twice that day and arrested the second time on marijuana and controlled substance charges. He was bailed out on January 25.In April 2020, he announced John McAfee, the software developer running his own campaign for the nomination, as his running mate; McAfee also endorsed Kokesh.Kokesh chose Larry Sharpe as his new running mate. Kokesh was eliminated in the second round of the 2020 Libertarian National Convention, and after initially not endorsing a candidate, eventually endorsed Libertarian nominee Jo Jorgensen's campaign after public backlash.\n\n\nEndorsements\nArvin Vohra, endorsed after he was eliminated in primary\nCynthia McKinney, former Democratic Representative and Green Party politician\nJohn McAfee, software developer\n\n\nPolitical positions\nKokesh views government as the greatest cause of violence in the world today and believes that governmental coercion is just as undesirable as coercion performed by a private citizen. He believes that government should be abolished in order to reduce violence and build a society based on respect. Kokesh has stated he does not hate the people running the U.S. government, however he believes government has invalidated itself by betraying the principles from which it was founded.Kokesh ran for President of the United States in 2020 on the platform of an orderly dissolution of the federal government. Kokesh stated that if elected, he would immediately sign his one-and-only executive order to declare the federal government bankrupt and of no authority. He would then resign to become \"Custodian of the Federal Government\" to oversee the process as a bankruptcy agent. Every federal agency would then either be liquidated, localized to the state level or privatized, over the next four years.Kokesh supports a non-interventionist foreign policy. Kokesh is a prominent anti-war activist.\n\n\nAdam vs. The Man\n\n\nRadio\nAdam vs. The Man was a talk show which was available in a variety of formats, such as AM radio, web-access, podcast and Facebook-linked YouTube channel. Initially airing in 2011 as an evening two-hour broadcast on KIVA AM 1550 talk radio in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Adam vs. The Man then shifted to a half-hour video news format on RT before fully moving to the internet as an hour-long video podcast. On April 7, 2014, AVTM 4.0 was launched from Los Angeles, California, and could be viewed live daily from noon to 2 PM, Pacific Time Zone.\n\n\nRT America\nAdam vs. The Man was licensed by the Russian affiliated RT America in April 2011. The move was criticized by Accuracy in Media's columnist Cliff Kincaid who referenced his own column entry from 2008 discussing RT's coverage of the Russia\u2013Georgian War in which he condemned RT for \"preferring to use foreigners, especially Americans, to make Russian propaganda points\" before stating that \"the American Marine Veteran, Adam Kokesh, seems to fit the bill, having emerged as an anti-war activist who ran as a Republican for Congress and supported Rep. Ron Paul (R-TX) for president\". Slate writer David Weigel quoted Kokesh describing RT's model, saying: \"Truth is the best propaganda. I love it! I really love the concept of that. It's funny: People say we're hiding shit as a network. No, no\u2014we put the fact that this is propaganda right out front. We're putting out the truth that no one else wants to say. I mean, if you want to put it in the worst possible abstract, it's the Russian government, which is a competing protection racket against the other governments of the world, going against the United States and calling them on their bullshit.\"After only a few months on RT, Adam vs. The Man was canceled in August by the network to avoid potential legal problems stemming from a Federal Election Commission complaint filed against RT by the group America's Survival, Inc. over the matter of Kokesh endorsing Ron Paul for President (thereby allegedly running afoul of the Foreign Agents Registration Act).\n\n\nYouTube channel\nKokesh routinely uploads activism videos to his YouTube channel, Adam vs. The Man. As of July 2019, the YouTube channel had 248,000 subscribers. Topics include Kokesh's political views, and videos about how to complete a DUI-checkpoint.In 2015, the Kokesh renamed the channel to Freedom!As of December 30, 2020, Adam Kokesh's YouTube channel is named \"Adam Kokesh\"\n\n\nFilm appearances\nKokesh appears in the role of \"A Soldier\" in the 2016 film The Prey, and as himself in the documentaries The Road to Fallujah (2008), For Liberty: How the Ron Paul Revolution Watered the Withered Tree of Liberty (2009), Owned & Operated (2012), Derrick J's Victimless Crime Spree (2012), ShadowRing (2015), and Gray State: The Rise (2015).\nOn January 19, 2013, Kokesh appeared as a future version of himself at an anti-war-debt rally scene in the 2014 sci-fi thriller, Alongside Night. Kokesh wrote the speech he delivered, a tribute to the character of Dr. Martin Vreeland (played by Kevin Sorbo), in the background during an action sequence. Most of the speech plays during the movie's end credits and the unedited full speech is on YouTube.\n\n\nElectoral history\n\n\nSee also\n\nList of peace activists\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\n\nOfficial website \nAppearances on C-SPAN\nAdam Kokesh at IMDb"}}}}
part_xaa/acer_douglasense
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Acer_douglasense","to":"Acer douglasense"}],"pages":{"32533911":{"pageid":32533911,"ns":0,"title":"Acer douglasense","extract":"Acer douglasense is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from fossil leaves. The species is solely known from the Early Eocene sediments exposed in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska. It is the type species for the extinct section Douglasa.\n\n\nType locality\nThe species was described from a group of leaf specimens found in the West Foreland Formation which is part of the Kenai Group. Sediments of the formation span are typically volcanoclastic sedimentary rocks dating from the Late Paleocene to early Eocene with A. douglasense only found in the Eocene age section.\n\n\nHistory and classification\nAcer douglasense was described from several specimens, the holotype, number \"USNM 396006\", and a group of paratypes. The holotype and paratypes are preserved in the paleobotanical collections housed at the National Museum of Natural History, part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.The specimens were studied by paleobotanists Jack A. Wolfe of the United States Geological Survey, Denver office and Toshimasa Tanai of Hokkaido University. Wolfe and Tanai published their 1987 type description for A. douglasense in the Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. The etymology of the chosen specific name douglasense in recognition of the type locality on Cape Douglas. A. douglasense is the second oldest occurrence of the maple genus, with the oldest being A. alaskense from the Latest Paleocene Chickaloon Formation. In their type description Wolfe and Tanai designated A. douglasense as the type and only species for the extinct Acer section Douglasa.\n\n\nDescription\nLeaves of Acer douglasense are simple in structure and a generally oval shape. The deeply five lobed structure and tertiary vein structure is very similar to the modern species A. spicatum. However the secondary veins are a combination of alternating craspedodromous veins and forking veins. The related living Sapindaceae genera Cardiospermum and Serjania plus the extinct genus Bohlenia also have a similar alternating pattern of secondary veins.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/aden_trade_union_congress
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aden_Trade_Union_Congress","to":"Aden Trade Union Congress"}],"pages":{"43392115":{"pageid":43392115,"ns":0,"title":"Aden Trade Union Congress","extract":"The Aden Trade Union Congress (ATUC or TUC) was a trade union in the Aden Colony, a British protectorate in Yemen.\n\n\nHistory\nThe ATUC was founded in 1956 during serious labour unrest in the area. Its organ was Al-'Amal (1957).\nThe Secretary General of the trade union was Abdullah Asnag, a pro-independence Arab nationalist and admirer of Nasser who also advocated union with Yemen. Supported by the UAR the ATUC rose in importance when the political disturbances and the violence reached a head and political parties ceased to function. By 1959 it was the only entity representing nationalist aspirations in Aden and it used its leverage to boycott elections as the main grouping of the People's Union. In November 1960 the ATUC boycotted the Aden municipal elections.When Aden Colony became part of the Federation of South Arabia as the State of Aden the unrest continued. In the federation the ATUC had a large influence in the new assembly and to prevent it seizing control of the federation in 1962 the former Colony of Aden had joined the Federation of South Arabia so that Aden's pro-British assembly members could counter the ATUC's influence.On 30 November 1967 the State of Aden became part of the independent People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, also known as South Yemen, and the ATUC became the main trade union of that state.\nWhen South Yemen united with the Yemen Arab Republic, also known as North Yemen, on 22 May 1990, the Aden Trade Union Congress merged with the General Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions in order to form the Yemeni Confederation of Labor Unions.The ATUC was affiliated to the World Federation of Trade Unions.\n\n\nSee also\n\nHistory of Yemen\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/aaron_samuel_olanare
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aaron_Samuel_Olanare","to":"Aaron Samuel Olanare"}],"pages":{"39924006":{"pageid":39924006,"ns":0,"title":"Aaron Samuel Olanare","extract":"Aaron Samuel Olanare (born 4 June 1994) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Turkish club Erzurumspor.\n\n\nClub career\nOlanare started his senior career in the Nigerian team Shooting Stars. In 2012, Olanare signed for Norwegian team V\u00e5lerenga. He had been followed closely by the club after being on trial at the club, in the summer of 2012. On 10 July 2013, Olanare signed with another Norwegian team Sarpsborg 08.On 9 July 2014, Olanare transferred to Chinese Super League side Guangzhou R&F on a two-and-a-half-year contract with the fee of \u20ac1.4 million. On 19 July 2014, he made his Super League debut in a 3\u20132 home win against Jiangsu Sainty and provided an assist in the match. He scored his first goal in China on 31 July 2014, which ensured Guangzhou R&F beat Liaoning Whowin 5\u20131.On 17 February 2016, CSKA Moscow announced the signing of Olanare on loan from Guangzhou R&F for the remainder of 2015\u201316 season. On 2 May 2016, early on in the 2015\u201316 Russian Cup final game against Zenit St. Petersburg he injured his knee in a collision with Axel Witsel. He stayed on the field and scored an equalizer that made the score 1\u20131, after which he performed two flips, which exacerbated his knee condition. After another collision with Domenico Criscito, he had to be carried over from the field on a stretcher. CSKA lost the game to Zenit with the score of 1\u20134. He had to undergo surgery in early June and his recovery was expected to take until the end of 2016 as his CSKA loan contract expired.On 28 January 2017, Olanare signed a 4+1\u20442\u2013year contract with CSKA Moscow.On 22 February 2018, he joined FC Amkar Perm on loan until the end of the 2017\u201318 season. In his third league game for Amkar on 31 March 2018, he scored twice to give his team an unexpected victory with a score of 2\u20131 over the league-leading FC Lokomotiv Moscow.On 14 August 2018, CSKA Moscow announced that Olanare had left the club after his contract was cancelled by mutual consent.On 12 October 2018, he signed a one-year contract with Beitar Jerusalem as a free player.On 1 March 2019, Olanare joined League One newcomers Sichuan Longfor. He went on to have a prolific scoring season for the club, earning 19 goals in 27 league matches, ending the season as the club's top goalscorer.In February 2020 after Sichuan folded due to financial difficulties, Olanare joined China League One club Changchun Yatai on a three-year contract.\n\n\nInternational career\nIn October 2014, Olanare received his first call up for Nigeria national football team by Stephen Keshi to play against Sudan in the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification. On 11 October 2014, he made his debut for the Super Eagles in a 1\u20130 away defeat against Sudan, coming on as a substitute for Nosa Igiebor in the 47th minute. On 15 October 2014, Olanare scored his first goal in a 3\u20131 home victory against Sudan. He restored Nigerias lead in the 66th minute when he stabbed home a loose ball after a mix-up between Sudan goalkeeper Akram El Hadi and his defender. Olanare scored his second goal for Nigeria in a 2\u20130 away victory over Congo. He scored the second goal of the match to secure the victory.\n\n\nCareer statistics\n\n\nClub\nAs of match played 31 December 2020.\n\n\nInternational goals\nAs of 15 November 2014Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first.\n\n\nHonours\n\n\nClub\nChangchun Yatai\n\nChina League One: 2020\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAaron Samuel Olanare at Soccerway\nAaron Samuel Olanare at National-Football-Teams.com"}}}}
part_xaa/abyssinian_cat
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abyssinian_cat","to":"Abyssinian cat"}],"pages":{"30875080":{"pageid":30875080,"ns":0,"title":"Abyssinian cat","extract":"The Abyssinian is a breed of domestic short-haired cat with a distinctive \"ticked\" tabby coat, in which individual hairs are banded with different colors. They are also known simply as Abys.The source of the name is not because Ethiopia, formerly Abyssinia, is thought to be the original home of these cats, but because the first \"Abyssinians\" exhibited in shows in England were reported to have been imported to England from there. Its true origin \u2014 according to genetic studies \u2014 is likely to have been the coast of the Indian Ocean in parts of Southeast Asia, and its introduction to Abyssinia (and others) was through colonialists and merchants stopping through Calcutta.Although regarded as comparatively obscure in the past as a breed compared to others, the Abyssinian ranked in 2016 among the top five most popular breeds by The Cat Fancier Association and The International Cat Association.The breed's distinctive appearance, seeming long, lean, and finely colored compared to other cats, has been analogized to that of human fashion models. Personality-wise, the cats traditionally display active, curious attitudes in which they frequently follow owners around and encourage play. Their dog-like characteristics also involve a particular sense of affection and desire for interaction. Abys have a distinctive wildcat look with their ticked coat and large erect ears. They are a highly social breed and can be demanding of attention. They do well in multi-cat households due to their social nature. Not a snuggly lap cat, Abyssinians are in constant motion, either exploring or playing.\n\n\nHistory\n\nThe earliest known Aby is in an exhibit still residing in the Leiden Zoological Museum in Holland. It was purchased around 1834-1836 from a supplier of small wild cat exhibits and was labeled by the museum founder as \"Patrie, domestica India.\"\n\n\nDescription\n\n\nAppearance\nThe Abyssinian is a slender, fine-boned, medium-sized cat. The head is moderately wedge-shaped, with a slight break at the muzzle, and nose and chin ideally forming a straight vertical line when viewed in profile. They have alert, relatively large pointed ears. The eyes are almond-shaped and are gold, green, hazel or copper depending on coat color. The legs tend to be long in proportion to a graceful body, with small oval paws; the tail is likewise long and tapering.\n\n\nCoat and colors\n\nAbyssinian kittens are born with dark coats that gradually lighten as they mature, usually over several months. The adult coat should not be excessively short, and is ideally fine, dense, close-lying and silky to the touch. The ticked or agouti effect that is the trademark of the breed\u2014genetically a variant of the tabby pattern\u2014should be uniform over the body, although the ridge of the spine and tail, back of the hind legs and the pads of the paws are always noticeably darker. Each hair has a light base with three or four bands of additional color growing darker towards the tip. The base color should be as clear as possible; any extensive intermingling with grey is considered a serious fault. A tendency to white on the chin is common but likewise must be minimal. The typical tabby M-shaped marking is often found on the forehead.\n\nThe breed's original color standard is a warm deep reddish-brown base with black ticking, known as \"usual\" in the United Kingdom, \"tawny\" in Australia, and \"ruddy\" elsewhere. Sorrel (also called cinnamon or red), a lighter coppery base with chocolate brown ticking, is a unique mutation of this original pattern. Other variants have been introduced by outcrossing to the Burmese and other shorthaired breeds, notably blue (on a warm beige base) and fawn (on a softer creamy peach base). The less common chocolate and lilac are not recognized in the Cat Fancier's Association (CFA) breed standard but have been granted full champion status in The International Cat Association (TICA) and in the UK. The UK also recognizes the Silver Abyssinian, in which the base coat is a pure silvery white with black (called \"usual silver\"), blue, cream or sorrel ticking. Various other color combinations are in development, including the \"torbie\", in which a patched tortoiseshell pattern in any of these colors is visible under the tabby banding.\nThe breed owes their distinctive coat to a dominant mutant gene known as Ta. The first cat to have its entire genome published was an Abyssinian named Cinnamon.\n\n\nTemperament\n\nAbyssinians are a popular breed thanks in large part to their unusual intelligence and generally extroverted, playful, willful personalities. They are said to become depressed without constant activity and the attention of their owners. Veterinarian Joan O. Joshua has written that the \"dog-like attachment to the owners\" of Abyssinian and Burmese cats causes \"greater dependence on human contacts\". This stands in contrast to the mere \"tolerant acceptance of human company\" based around \"comforts\" that multiple other breeds display.With their interest in playing with their owners combined with their curious intelligence, Abyssinians are known as the \"Clowns of the Cat Kingdom\". They have an active, outgoing nature, yet tend to be quiet cats. They have soft chirrup-like vocalizations which do not sound like the expected \"meow\". They are affectionate and friendly toward people.\n\n\nHealth\nThe breed can be prone to gingivitis, which can lead to more serious periodontitis. Familial renal amyloidosis or AA amyloidosis, a kidney disorder due to a mutation in the AA amyloid protein gene, has been seen in Abyssinians. The Abyssinian has had severe problems with blindness caused by a hereditary retinal degeneration due to mutations in the rdAc gene. However, the prevalence has been reduced from 45% to less than 4% in 2008 in the country of Sweden. With the widespread availability of rdAc mutation detection tests and services, such as those provided by the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, it is possible to reduce the disease frequency in all populations of Abyssinian.\n\n\nGenetic diversity\nThe 2008 study \"The Ascent of Cat Breeds: Genetic Evaluations of Breeds and Worldwide Random-bred Populations\" by Lipinski et al. conducted at UC Davis by the team led by leading feline geneticist Dr Leslie Lyons found that the Abyssinian has a low level of genetic diversity, a heterozygosity value of 0.45 within a range of 0.34\u20130.69 for all breeds studied, and has genetic markers common to both Southeast Asian and Western breeds indicating that cats from both Asia and Europe were used to create the breed.\n\n\nRelated breed\nSomali cats are the same genetic stock as Abyssinians but are recessive for a gene responsible for long-hair.\nOcicats came about from the accidental crossbreeding of Abyssinians and Siamese breeds.\n\n\nSee also\n\nList of cat breeds\nPuppy cat\n\n\nReferences\n\nLipinski MJ, Froenicke L, Baysac KC, Billings NC, Leutenegger CM, Levy AM, Longeri M, Niini T, Ozpinar H, Slater MR, Pedersen NC, Lyons LA (January 2008). \"The ascent of cat breeds: genetic evaluations of breeds and worldwide random-bred populations\". Genomics. 91 (1): 12\u201321. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009. PMC 2267438. PMID 18060738.\n\n\nExternal links\n\nFBRL Breed Page: Abyssinian"}}}}
part_xaa/aberdeen_royal_infirmary
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aberdeen_Royal_Infirmary","to":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary"}],"pages":{"5183901":{"pageid":5183901,"ns":0,"title":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary","extract":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (ARI) is the largest hospital in the Grampian area, located on the Foresterhill site in Aberdeen, Scotland. ARI is a teaching hospital with around 900 inpatient beds, offering tertiary care for a population of over 600,000 across the North of Scotland. It offers all medical specialities with the exception of heart and liver transplants. It is managed by NHS Grampian.\n\n\nHistory\nThe hospital has it origins in a facility established at Woolmanhill in 1739. The move to the current site formed part of the Aberdeen Joint Hospitals Scheme as envisaged by Professor Matthew Hay, which involved the development of an integrated medical campus at Foresterhill. The granite buildings on the site were designed by James Brown Nicol. The hospital was officially opened by the Duke and Duchess of York on 23 September 1936 \u2013 King Edward VIII had been due to open the infirmary but he called off his visit and instead went to Ballater railway station to meet Wallis Simpson off her train. The first patients were admitted a month later and the hospital joined the National Health Service in 1948.In 1984, a hyperbaric oxygen unit was built for the treatment of decompression illness and the hospital's test-tube baby unit achieving a number of successful pregnancies in 1985, its first year of operation.In 1986, a new \u00a3550,000 out-patient eye clinic opened, offering corrective laser eye surgery, and in 1989, the hospital introduced a breast cancer screening service for women over the age of 50, with X-rays taken every three years.In the 1980s John Mallard led a team which built the first whole body MRI scanner. The world's first whole-body MRI scanner was used for diagnostic imaging between 1980 and 1983. The prototype machine, Mark One is now on display in the hospital's Art Gallery, The Suttie Arts Space. Following fundraising by Evening Express readers, in 1992 a Siemens scanner, costing \u00a3870,000 was brought.In 2013, a \u00a3110m emergency care centre development was completed. This was the first time that the Foresterhill campus had hosted emergency and urgent care facilities in the same building, and 75% of the beds in the centre are single-occupancy.In February 2014, it was revealed that the hospital has a repairs backlog of \u00a360 million. On 26 June 2014, Finance Secretary John Swinney announced a \u00a3120 million investment for a new cancer centre and maternity hospital on the site.In 2016, it became one of four major trauma centres as part of a national major trauma network in Scotland.\n\n\nServices\nThere are social workers that can be contacted in the hospital, and a citizens advice office. The hospital is served by the volunteer-run radio station, Grampian Hospital Radio.\n\n\nTransportation\nThe complex is served by several bus services with regular connections to the city centre and service to places as far as Inverurie and Oldmeldrum in the north, Inverness in the West and Cove Bay in the south.A new multistorey carpark with space for over 1,000 cars was opened in 2017.\n\n\nResearch\nThere are close links with the University of Aberdeen's medical school and there has been pioneering research in many fields, including the development of MRI and PET scanning. A new PET scanner was installed in 2006.It has been one of the centres evaluating telemedicine equipment and developing services in Scotland.\n\n\nPerformance\nThe Academy of Medical Royal Colleges and Faculties in Scotland produced a report entitled \u201cLearning from serious failings in care\u201d in July 2015. The investigation was launched after recent scandals in the health service among which were concerns about patient safety and care at the Infirmary. They found leadership and accountability were often lacking and bullying was endemic. Their 20 recommendations for improvements in the NHS included a set of minimum safe staffing levels for consultants, doctors, nurses and other staff in hospital settings. They criticised a target driven culture, saying: \"Quality care must become the primary influence on patient experience... and the primary indicator of performance.\"\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/acanthops_royi
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Acanthops_royi","to":"Acanthops royi"}],"pages":{"22110173":{"pageid":22110173,"ns":0,"title":"Acanthops royi","extract":"Acanthops royi is a species of praying mantis in the family Acanthopidae and is one of many mantis from various genera that resembles a dead leaf.\n\n\nSee also\nDead leaf mantis\nList of mantis genera and species\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abdulaziz_bin_ahmed_al_saud
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdulaziz_bin_Ahmed_Al_Saud","to":"Abdulaziz bin Ahmed Al Saud"}],"pages":{"17005572":{"pageid":17005572,"ns":0,"title":"Abdulaziz bin Ahmed Al Saud","extract":"Abdulaziz bin Ahmed Al Saud (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632) (born 1963) is a Saudi royal and businessman.\n\n\nEarly life and education\nPrince Abdulaziz was born in Redlands, California, on 20 June 1963. His parents are Prince Ahmed bin Abdulaziz and Fahda bint Turki Al Sudairi. Prince Abdulaziz was born while his father was attending the University of Redlands.Abdulaziz bin Ahmed graduated from King Saud University in 1986 with a double major in political science and administration science.\n\n\nHumanitarian contributions\nPrince Abdulaziz is a leading humanitarian activist on the national, regional and international levels, with close links to the World Health Organization. He is founder and chairman of IMPACT\u2013Eastern Mediterranean Region (a regional non-governmental organization NGO that is active in the field of prevention of blindness), and Middle East African Council of Ophthalmology (MEACO). He is also chairman of Eastern Mediterranean Region of the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (EMR-IAPB), President of Saudi Ophthalmological Society (SOS), He is a member in the IAPB board of trustees. He was board member of Disabled Children Association of Saudi Arabia. He is also global ambassador of the International Trachoma Initiative and a member of the International Council of Ophthalmology Foundation (ICOF).\n\n\nAwards\nAbdulaziz bin Ahmed received the Global Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) during its 7th General Assembly in Dubai in September 2004, the Shield of the joint 4th International Conference for the Arab Ophthalmology Association and the 1st Bahrain Ophthalmology Conference in recognition of his regional and global efforts endorsing the \u2018VISION 2020:The Right to Sight' global initiative. These efforts resulted in VISION 2020 adoption in all 22 countries of EMR region by September 2004. He also received the Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award by the Emirates Ophthalmic Society in recognition of his dedicated work in the field of Prevention of Blindness in April 2005 and the Order of the Two Niles Medal by President of Sudan General Omar Al Bashir in November 2005.\nIn 2007, Prince Abdulaziz was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI).\n\n\nInvestments\nAbdulaziz bin Ahmed is a businessman. He is the chairman of Atheeb Group, a diversified investment conglomerate with stakes in telecommunications, contracting, defense, ports, shipping and other industries. He is also the CEO of Atheeb Trading Company. In addition, he is actively involved as a major partner in numerous leading Saudi private and joint venture business and industries.\n\n\nPersonal life\nAbdulaziz bin Ahmed is married and has two children: Turki and Maha bint Abdulaziz. He is known to be fond of falcon hunting and horses, and he owns Athba stables which include a large number of fine horses.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/adamawa_languages
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adamawa_languages","to":"Adamawa languages"}],"pages":{"1485992":{"pageid":1485992,"ns":0,"title":"Adamawa languages","extract":"The Adamawa languages are a putative family of 80\u201390 languages scattered across the Adamawa Plateau in central Africa, in Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Chad, spoken altogether by only one and a half million people (as of 1996). Joseph Greenberg classified them as one branch of the Adamawa\u2013Ubangi family of Niger\u2013Congo languages. They are among the least studied languages in Africa, and include many endangered languages; by far the largest is Mumuye, with 400,000 speakers. A couple of unclassified languages\u2014notably Laal and Jalaa\u2014are found along the fringes of the Adamawa area.\nGeographically, the Adamawa languages lie near the location of the postulated Niger\u2013Congo \u2013 Central Sudanic contact that may have given rise to the Atlantic\u2013Congo family, and so may represent the central radiation of that family.\n\n\nClassification\nJoseph Greenberg postulated the Adamawa languages as a part of Adamawa\u2013Ubangian (then called Adamawa\u2013Eastern), and divided them into 14 numbered groups. Group G3, Daka (or Dakoid), is now known to be a branch of Benue\u2013Congo. The relationships of the other branches has undergone considerable revision. \nThere have also been recent attempts at computationally classifying the Adamawa languages.\n\n\nGreenberg (1963)\nGreenberg's 14 numbered Adamawa groups are:\n\n\nBoyd (1989)\nBoyd (1989) added the Day language and classified them as follows:\nLeko\u2013Nimbari (or Chamba\u2013Mumuye)\nDuru: G4\nLeko: G2\nMumuye\u2013Yendang: G5\nNimbari: G12\nMbum\u2013Day\nBua: G13\nKim: G14\nMbum: G6\nDay\nWaja\u2013Jen\nBikwin\u2013Jen (or Jen): G9\nTula\u2013Wiyaa (or Waja): G1\nB\u0259na\u2013Mboi (or Yungur): G7\nBaa (a.k.a. Kwa)\nLonguda: G10\nNyimwom (or Kam: G8)He excluded the Fali languages (G11).\n\n\nG\u00fcldemann (2018)\nG\u00fcldemann (2018) recognises 14 coherent Adamawa \"genealogical units\", but is agnostic about their positions within Niger-Congo.\nTula-Waja\nLonguda\nBena-Mboi\nBikwin-Jen\nSamba-Duru\nMumuyic\nMaya (Yendangic)\nKebi-Benue (Mbumic)\nKimic\nBuaic\nDay\nBaa = Kwa\nNyingwom = Kam\nFali\n\n\nKleinewillingh\u00f6fer (2019)\nKleinewillingh\u00f6fer (2019), in the Adamawa Languages Project website, recognises the following 17 groups as Adamawa languages.\nTula-Waja (Waja): G1\nBikwin-Jen (Burak, Jen): G9\nKam (Nyi\u014b\u0254m, Nyiwom, Nyingwom): G8\nLonguda (N\u028bng\u028bra cluster): G10\nBaa (Kwa)\nMumuye: G5\nYandang (Yendang): G5\nSamba-Duru (Chamba-Leko, Leko, Duru, Sama-Duru, Samba Leeko): G2, G4\n\u0181\u0259na-Mboi (Yungur): G7\nKebi-Benue (Mbum): G6\nKim: G14\nDay\nBua: G13\nNimbari (Baari, Bari): G12 [extinct]\nDuli - Gewe (Gey, Gueve) [extinct]\n? Fali: G11\n? Chamba-Daka (Daka): G3Only the Tula-Waja, Longuda, \u0181\u0259na-Mboi, Samba-Duru, and Bua groups have noun classes. The other groups only display vestiges of formerly active noun class systems.\n\n\nBlench (2012, 2020)\nRoger Blench (2012) concludes that the Adamawa languages are a geographic grouping, not a language family, and breaks up its various branches in his proposed Savannas family. He places some of the western Adamawa languages closer to the Gur languages than to other Adamawa families. Fali is tentatively excluded from Savannas altogether. Blench (2020) retains a connection between Mumuye and Yendang, but breaks up Kleinewillingh\u00f6fer's Samba-Duru.\n\n\nUnclassified Adamawa languages\nThe Oblo language of Cameroon has been included in several versions of the Adamawa group, but its position within it is unclear.It has been speculated that the unclassified Laal language of Chad may be Adamawa; the Jalaa language of Nigeria is probably not Adamawa, but shows heavy Adamawa influence. However, both are generally now considered to be language isolates.\n\n\nComparative vocabulary\nSample basic vocabulary of Adamawa languages from Kleinewillingh\u00f6fer's Adamawa Languages Project website and various other sources:Note: In table cells with slashes, the singular form is given before the slash, while the plural form follows the slash.\n\n\nNumerals\nComparison of numerals in individual languages:\n\n\nSee also\nSavannas languages\nGur languages\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAdamawa Language Projects (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz)\nAdaGram (CNRS-INALCO). Exploring Nigeria\u2019s linguistic wealth: grammatical analysis and linguistic documentation of the Adamawa languages.\nList of Adamawa languages \u2013 Blench\nTula-Wiyaa languages \u2013 Blench\nLeeko group \u2013 Blench\nThe Perema (Wom) language of northeastern Nigeria: classification, phonology and noun morphology (PDF) by Roger M. Blench, 2000. Mallam Dendo, Cambridge.\nA rapid appraisal survey of Gbete (PDF) by Jason Diller & Kari Jordan-Diller, 2002. SIL Electronic Survey Reports SILESR 2002-050.\nA sociolinguistic survey of the Mambay language of Chad and Cameroon (PDF) by Cameron Hamm, 2002. SIL Electronic Survey Reports SILESR 2002-039.\nRapid appraisal and lexicostatistical analysis surveys of Dama, Mono, Pam, Ndai and Oblo (PDF) by Michael & Charlene Ayotte, 2002. SIL Electronic Survey Reports SILESR 2002-048.\nKarang \u2013 SIL-Cameroon\nSIL-Cameroon bibliography\nVocabulaires compar\u00e9s des instruments aratoires dans le Nord-Cameroun, Tourneaux\nIdiatov, Dmitry. 2017-08-29. Results of the first AdaGram survey in Adamawa and Taraba States, Nigeria. (with Mark Van de Velde, Tope Olagunju and Bitrus Andrew). 47th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics (CALL) (Leiden, Netherlands)."}}}}
part_xaa/a_best_of_us_for_the_rest_of_us
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"A_Best_of_Us_for_the_Rest_of_Us","to":"A Best of Us for the Rest of Us"}],"redirects":[{"from":"A Best of Us for the Rest of Us","to":"Reel Big Fish discography"}],"pages":{"14264557":{"pageid":14264557,"ns":0,"title":"Reel Big Fish discography","extract":"The following is a complete discography of the band Reel Big Fish.\n\n\nStudio albums\n\n\nLive albums\n\n\nCompilations\n\n\nEPs\nKeep Your Receipt EP - July 1, 1997, Mojo Records/Jive Records\nSold Out EP - 2002, Mojo Records/Jive Records (#62 UK)\nDuet All Night Long (split EP with Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer) - February 20, 2007, Reignition Records\nHappy Skalidays - December 15, 2014, Rock Ridge Music\n\n\nDemos\nIn The Good Old Days... (1992)\nReturn of the Mullet (REEL BIG FISH) (1994)\nBuy This! (1994)\n\n\nVideo\nThe Show Must Go Off! Reel Big Fish - Live at the House of Blues (2003)\nReel Big Fish Live! In Concert! (2009)\n\n\n7\" vinyl records\nTeen Beef (with Goldfinger on reverse side)(1996)\nVacationing in Palm Springs (with Cherry Poppin' Daddies on reverse side) (1997)\nWhere Have You Been? (UK Exclusive) (2002)\nMonkey Man (UK Exclusive) (2005)\n\n\nSingles\n\n\nSoundtrack\nMisfits Of Ska - \"Skatanic\" (1995)\nTake Warning: The Songs of Operation Ivy - \"Unity\" (1997)\nThe Duran Duran Tribute Album - \"Hungry Like the Wolf\" (1997)\nBASEketball Original Soundtrack - \"Take On Me\", \"Beer\" (1998)\nWhere is My Mind? - A Tribute to the Pixies - \"Gigantic\" (1999)\nMetalliska - \"Kiss Me Deadly\" (2000)\nThe Solution to Benefit Heal the Bay - \"Kiss Me Deadly\" (2000)\nSamba De Amigo - \"Take On Me\" (2000)\nThe Wild Thornberrys Movie Soundtrack - \"Monkey Man\" (2002)\nBecause We Care: A Benefit for the Children's Hospital of Orange County - \"Doo-Doo\" (2002)\nDive into Disney - \"Baroque Hoedown (Main Street Electrical Parade)\" (2002)\nMosh Pit on Disney (Japanese Only) - \"It's Not Easy (Pete's Dragon)\" (2004)\nDead Bands Party: A Tribute to Oingo Boingo - \"We Close Our Eyes\" (2005)\nGo Cat Go! A Tribute to Stray Cats - \"Stray Cat Strut\" (2006)\nTOKYOPOP Presents: Anime Trax, Vol. 1 - \"Rave-o-lution\" (Rave Master theme) (2006)\nLadybird Soundtrack - \"Snoop Dog, Baby\" (2017)\nClerks III Soundtrack - \"No Hope\" (a Louser song featuring Reel Big Fish) (2022)\n\n\nMultiple titled songs\nSongs that have different titles on different releases, despite being essentially the same song.\n\n\"Fuck Yourself\" (Everything Sucks) / \"All I Want Is More\" (Turn the Radio Off)\n\"Cool Ending\" (Turn the Radio Off) / \"I'm Cool\" (Everything Sucks, Why Do They Rock So Hard?)\n\"Thank You for Not Moshing\" (Why Do They Rock So Hard?) / \"In the Pit\" (Our Live Album Is Better than Your Live Album)\n\"Big Fuckin' Star\" (Everything Sucks) / \"Big Star\" (Why Do They Rock So Hard?)\n\n\nCover songs\nReel Big Fish are well known for their cover songs (so much so that their former label, Jive Records, chose to promote the album We're Not Happy 'Til You're Not Happy with stickers on the CD jewel case proclaiming that the album included \"Talkin' 'bout a Revolution\" and \"Story of My Life\"; both covers) and frequently end live shows with their cover of a-ha's 1985 hit \"Take On Me\". Reel Big Fish released their first studio album composed only of cover songs, entitled Fame, Fortune and Fornication, in January 2009.\nAlthough the band are known to play a variety of other songs live regularly, this is a comprehensive, roughly chronological list of all known cover songs officially recorded by Reel Big Fish.\n\n^ An instrumental version of the song also exists\n^ bonus track only available on the vinyl album or via download\n\n\nReferences\n\nCategory: The History Of Reel Big Fish"}}}}
part_xaa/a_christmas_story_house
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"A_Christmas_Story_House","to":"A Christmas Story House"}],"pages":{"8605635":{"pageid":8605635,"ns":0,"title":"A Christmas Story House","extract":"A Christmas Story House is an attraction and museum in Cleveland, Ohio's Tremont neighborhood. The 19th-century Victorian, which was used in the exterior and some interior scenes of Ralphie Parker's house in the 1983 film A Christmas Story, was purchased by a private developer in 2004 and has been restored and renovated to appear as it did both inside and outside in the film. The museum is part of a complex of four buildings devoted to the film, and is open to the public year-round.\n\n\nHistory\n\n\nProduction\nThe screenplay for A Christmas Story is based on material from author Jean Shepherd's collection of short stories, In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash. The house that appears in the film is located at 3159 W 11th Street, Cleveland, Ohio. For the film adaptation of these stories, director Bob Clark reportedly sent scouts to twenty cities before selecting Cleveland for exterior filming. Cleveland was chosen because of Higbee's Department Store. Vice-president Bruce Campbell took on the project hoping to get a boost in sales from the attention the filming would create. Higbee's is ultimately featured in three scenes in the film. Appropriately, the fictional boyhood home of Ralphie Parker is on Cleveland Street, the name of the actual street where Shepherd grew up. The exterior shots and some interior shots of the house and neighborhood where Ralphie lives were filmed in the Tremont section of Cleveland's West Side. Producers chose the home because of its proximity to downtown and it bordered the Cuyahoga River Valley offering views of the steel mills in the valley.\nThe 2022 sequel A Christmas Story Christmas was filmed in Eastern Europe and thus replicas of the house and others in the neighborhood were constructed there for filming. The current owners of the building refused access to the house for filming purposes.\n\n\nRestoration and reconfiguration\nIn December 2004, Brian Jones, a San Diego entrepreneur and fan of the film since childhood, bought the house on eBay for $150,000. Jones used revenue from his business, the Red Rider Leg Lamp Company, which manufactures replicas of the \"major award\" Ralphie's father won in the film, for the down payment. The previous owners had reconfigured the house, installing modern windows and covering the original wood siding with blue vinyl. Watching the movie frame by frame, Jones drew detailed plans of the interiors, which had originally been filmed on a Toronto sound stage, and spent $240,000 to gut the structure, reconfigure it to a single-family dwelling, transform it into a near-replica of the movie set, and restore the exterior to its appearance in the film.\n\n\nA Christmas Story House Museum\nJones also purchased the house across the street from the Christmas Story House and converted it into A Christmas Story House Museum, which contains some of the props from the film, including Randy's snow suit, the Higbee's window toys, the chalk board from Miss Shields classroom, hundreds of behind-the-scenes photos, as well as one of the custom-built Daisy Red Ryder BB guns that was used in the filming. In addition, the house to the left of the museum features a gift shop with movie memorabilia and souvenirs.\nThe house and museum opened to the public on November 25, 2006, with original cast members attending the grand opening, and the site drew 4,300 visitors during its opening weekend.The house is open for tours daily; both the house and the Bumpus house next door, renovated in 2018, are available for overnight stays.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\n\nOfficial website\nRed Rider Leg Lamps\nA Christmas Story House Photo Gallery\nA Christmas Story at IMDb"}}}}
part_xaa/a_death-bed
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"A_Death-Bed","to":"A Death-Bed"}],"pages":{"53616054":{"pageid":53616054,"ns":0,"title":"A Death-Bed","extract":"\"A Death-Bed\" is a poem by English poet and writer Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936). It was first published in April 1919, in the collection The Years Between. Later publications identified the year of writing as 1918. Kipling's only son, John, had been reported missing in action in 1915, during the Battle of Loos, leaving him grief-stricken. \"A Death-Bed\" has been variously described as \"the most savage poem Kipling ever wrote\", \"the chilling and pitiless masterpiece\" and as \"overtly distasteful\".\n\n\nStructure\n\"A Death-Bed\" consists of 10 ABAB quatrains, with four stresses per line. It interweaves three voices:\n\nIn quotation marks: an absolute monarch, suffering from throat cancer.\nIn italics: a group of doctors attending the dying ruler.\nIn plain text: a commentator.\n\n\nContent\nThe dying patient vehemently asserts his absolute power, while blaming others for starting World War I. The doctors, consulting between themselves with detached professionalism, discuss his condition and recommend opiates; because it is too late for surgery. The commentator lists a succession of wartime horrors for which Imperial Germany has implied responsibility, beginning each passage with \"Some die ....\". Most are non-specific, but the line \"Some die saintly in faith and hope\u2014 / One died thus in a prison-yard\u2014\" apparently refers to the executed British nurse Edith Cavell (1865-1915). \nIn the last line a doctor addresses the monarch as \"All-Highest\", a supposed title of the German Emperor: it is therefore Kaiser Wilhelm, who had been reported (incorrectly) to be suffering from the throat cancer which had killed his father, Kaiser Frederick. Depersonalised throughout the poem by being referred to as \"this\", the Kaiser dies unable to speak but begging for assurance with his eyes.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\n\"A Death-Bed, by Rudyard Kipling\". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 27 March 2017."}}}}
part_xaa/abu_eesa_niamatullah
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abu_Eesa_Niamatullah","to":"Abu Eesa Niamatullah"}],"pages":{"-1":{"ns":0,"title":"Abu Eesa Niamatullah","missing":""}}}}
part_xaa/abnormal_end
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abnormal_end","to":"Abnormal end"}],"pages":{"60467":{"pageid":60467,"ns":0,"title":"Abnormal end","extract":"An abnormal end or abend is an abnormal termination of software, or a program crash.\nThis usage derives from an error message from the IBM OS/360, IBM zOS operating systems. Usually capitalized, but may appear as \"abend\". Some common ABEND codes are ABEND 0C7 (data exception) and ABEND 0CB (division by zero). Abends can be \"soft\" (allowing automatic recovery) or \"hard\" (terminating the activity).Errors or crashes on the Novell NetWare network operating system are usually called ABENDs. Communities of NetWare administrators sprung up around the Internet, such as abend.org.\nThe term is jocularly claimed to be derived from the German word \"abend\" meaning \"evening\".\n\n\nSee also\nAbort\nExit status\nFatal exception error\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abobo's_big_adventure
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abobo's_Big_Adventure","to":"Abobo's Big Adventure"}],"pages":{"34369775":{"pageid":34369775,"ns":0,"title":"Abobo's Big Adventure","extract":"Abobo's Big Adventure is a freeware parody flash game. Inspired by various video games released for the Nintendo Entertainment System, the game features Abobo, a boss character from the Double Dragon franchise, traveling through the worlds of several different games to save his son. Written by I-Mockery.com by founder Roger Barr, programmed by Nick Pasto (AKA: PestoForce), with art and animation by PoxPower, Abobo's Big Adventure was released in January 2012 to positive critical reception.\n\n\nGameplay and plot\nThe player's objective in Abobo's Big Adventure is to proceed through different levels of the game using the character Abobo from Double Dragon. The game itself is split into different sub-games that follow one another, each an homage to a particular game: \"Double Drabobo\", \"Super Mabobo\", \"Urban Chabobo\", \"Zeld Abobo\", \"Balloon Abobo\", \"Pro Wrabobo\", \"Mega Mabobo/Megabobo\", \"Contrabobo\", and \"Punch Abobo\". Each game makes use of the directional keys to control the movement of the character, while the 'A' and 'S' keys perform functions related to the particular sub-game, such as punching and kicking respectively. Abobo has a rage meter that increases when he hits enemies and decreases when he is hit; when the meter is completely filled, the player can press 'A' and 'S' together to perform a special attack that destroys or greatly damages all enemies on the screen. With the exception of the \"Contra Bobo\" level, each level is single player only.\nThe game's plot revolves around Abobo's son, Aboboy, who is kidnapped in the opening cutscene in a nod to the opening of Double Dragon. The game's levels are mostly linear, featuring several references to other Nintendo Entertainment System properties with their enemies and layout. Before the final level, Abobo encounters Jerome \"Doc\" Louis from the Punch-Out!! series. Doc reveals that the real villain is his former pupil, Little Mac, who went mad with power after winning the championship. Abobo defeats Little Mac in a boxing match, decapitates him with the Power Glove, and rescues Aboboy. As the crowd cheers for the reunited pair, they suddenly leap out of the ring and begin to graphically murder everyone within reach. The events of the game are finally revealed as a dream Abobo is having, a reference to the ending of Super Mario Bros. 2.\n\n\nDevelopment\n\nDevelopment on the game was started in 2002 by I-Mockery founder Roger Barr, who intended it to be his first full-length flash-based game and to feature his favorite NES character, Abobo. Working with a programmer nicknamed \"Bane\", they put together several early levels. However the game was delayed by various side projects, including a game with a similar concept named \"Domo-Kun's Angry Smashfest\". He later returned to the game with the help of developers Nick Pasto of PestoForce and \"Pox\" of The Pox Box, and after mapping out the storyline decided to start the project over from scratch in 2006 due to dissatisfaction with the early work, and the feel that the original programming strayed too far from the feel of an actual NES.Level development was done by playing NES titles and taking notes on which characters they wished to include and where. Rather than have each level feature just one group of enemies from the same game, they would instead act as a tribute to the system as a whole and feature a variety of them. During the course of development, smaller projects were also done in order to keep themselves motivated and meet financial obligations. By 2009, the first three levels of the game were completed and revealed at the San Diego Comic-Con, playable with a NES controller as originally intended. With the game well-received, they resumed work, using feedback from the test to fix bugs and issues, and in 2010 presented the game at the following Comic-con in a free-to-play arcade cabinet, with artwork made by Jeff Bandelin of Newgrounds.Though the game was delayed heavily in 2011, they intended to release it at the end of December. In September of that year, Barr took the game with him on a comedy tour he was invited to attend with Keith Apicary, showcasing it at various arcades and game shops. An official trailer followed shortly after, and in response to numerous donations they had received, they began work on a smaller game called \"Aboboy's Small Adventure\" for anyone who donated, though it pushed the release date for the completed project further. On January 11, 2012 the game was released on Newgrounds.com, with an added tutorial explaining how to play the game with a NES controller. A downloadable version of the game has also been released, while the team plans to continue to showcase the arcade cabinet at various conventions.\n\n\nReception\nThe game was positively received at its release. Abobo's Big Adventure won the Newgrounds 2012 \"Game of the Year\" award. GameSpy praised their work, calling it the \"mother of all 8-bit homage flash videogames\" Mexican magazine Cine Premiere called it fun, and a good way to re-live the nostalgia of 8- and 16-bit video games. GameZone described it as \"part parody and part tribute\" to the NES, further calling its story \"not cheesy. Instead, it's all kinds of badass.\" Eurogamer.it called it a \"serious contender for [Game of the Year] 2012\" and \"The final tribute to the NES\", further describing it as both well made and very difficult. Rock, Paper, Shotgun's Adam Smith stated that while the combination of various sprite styles could be reminiscent of various webcomics, the game was created with the original influences in mind, not just the characters. He further added that it was a \"well designed series of tiny games that more often than not succeed in capturing the pleasures of the originals\". Wired called it \"8-bit parody done right\", further praising it for deviating from similar titles by offering more than simplified graphics and sounds, and that \"the fearlessness with which it mocks these age-old heroes portrays an almost tangible love for them at the same time\". 1UP.com editors Jeremy Parish and Bob Mackey both praised the game as well, with Parish questioning whether it blurred the line between \"parody and appropriation [...] you could make a case for it being a Dada-ist expression\", while Mackey asserted he still felt it was parody, but that the controls for each aspect of the game had been replicated \"dead on.\" GameSpot praised the game saying \"It's a labor of love that's jam-packed with a staggering number of pitch-perfect references to NES games. It doesn't just duplicate the sprites, environments, and music of so many NES games; it also captures the simple but challenging gameplay of the games it imitates.\" Yoshihisa Kishimoto, creator of Double Dragon, has stated in a Polygon interview that he was supportive and loved the game.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\nAbobo's Big Adventure at Newgrounds"}}}}
part_xaa/adams_township_municipal_authority
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adams_Township_Municipal_Authority","to":"Adams Township Municipal Authority"}],"pages":{"35799054":{"pageid":35799054,"ns":0,"title":"Adams Township Municipal Authority","extract":"The Adams Township Municipal Authority serves the Mine 42 area of the township with sewage treatment overseeing the conveyance line to the treatment plant that has a capacity of treating 15,000 gallons of waste water daily.\n\n\nSee also\nList of municipal authorities in Cambria County, Pennsylvania\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/aaron_matson
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aaron_Matson","to":"Aaron Matson"}],"pages":{"9111604":{"pageid":9111604,"ns":0,"title":"Aaron Matson","extract":"Aaron Matson (1770 \u2013 July 18, 1855) was a United States representative from New Hampshire. He was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts. He moved to Cheshire County, New Hampshire, where he was the county judge of probate.\nMatson was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives 1806\u20131808, 1810\u20131814, 1817, and 1818, and a member of the Executive Council 1819\u20131821. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Seventeenth Congress and reelected as an Adams-Clay Republican to the Eighteenth Congress (March 4, 1821 \u2013 March 3, 1825). After leaving Congress, he was again a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1827 and 1828. He died in Newport, Vermont in 1855.\n\n\nReferences\nUnited States Congress. \"Aaron Matson (id: M000247)\". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.\nAaron Matson (1770\u20131855)"}}}}
part_xaa/adelaide_of_saxe-meiningen
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen","to":"Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen"}],"pages":{"208952":{"pageid":208952,"ns":0,"title":"Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen","extract":"Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (Adelaide Amelia Louise Theresa Caroline; 13 August 1792 \u2013 2 December 1849) was Queen of the United Kingdom and Hanover from 26 June 1830 to 20 June 1837 as the wife of King William IV. Adelaide was the daughter of Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, and Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia, is named after her.\n\n\nEarly life\n\nAdelaide was born on 13 August 1792 at Meiningen, Thuringia, Germany, the eldest child of Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. Her mother was Luise Eleonore, daughter of Christian Albrecht, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. She was baptised at the castle chapel on 19 August and was titled Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Duchess in Saxony with the style Serene Highness. Her godparents numbered twenty-one, including her mother, the Holy Roman Empress, the Queen of Naples and Sicily, the Crown Princess of Saxony, the Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg, the Duchess of Saxe-Weimar, the Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and the Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld.Saxe-Meiningen was a small state, covering about 423 square miles (1,100 km2). It was the most liberal German state and, unlike its neighbours, permitted a free press and criticism of the ruler. At the time, no statute existed which barred a female ruling over the small duchy and it was not until the birth of her brother, Bernhard, in 1800, that the law of primogeniture was introduced.\n\n\nMarriage\nBy the end of 1811, King George III was incapacitated and, although he was still king in name, his heir-apparent and eldest son, Prince George, was regent. On 6 November 1817, the Prince Regent's only child, Princess Charlotte, died in childbirth. Princess Charlotte was second in line to the throne: had she outlived her father and grandfather, she would have become queen. With her death, the King was left with twelve children and no legitimate grandchildren. The Prince Regent was estranged from his wife, who was 49 years old, thus there was little likelihood that he would have any further legitimate children. To secure the line of succession, Prince William, Duke of Clarence, and the other sons of George III sought quick marriages with the intent of producing offspring who could inherit the throne. William already had ten children by the popular actress Dorothea Jordan, but, being illegitimate, they were barred from the succession.Considerable allowances were likely to be voted by Parliament to any royal duke who married, and this acted as a further incentive for William to marry. Adelaide was a princess from an unimportant German state. However, William had a limited choice of available princesses, and, after deals with other candidates fell through, a marriage to Adelaide was arranged. The allowance proposed was slashed by Parliament, and the outraged Duke considered calling off the marriage. However, Adelaide seemed the ideal candidate: amiable, home-loving, and willing to accept William's illegitimate children as part of the family. The arrangement was settled and William wrote to his eldest son, \"She is doomed, poor dear innocent young creature, to be my wife.\"Adelaide's dowry was set at 20,000 florins, with additional three separate annuities being promised by her future husband, the English regent, and the state of Saxe-Meiningen.Adelaide married William in a double wedding with William's brother, Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, and his bride Victoria, Dowager Princess of Leiningen, on 11 July 1818, at Kew Palace in Surrey, England. They had only met for the first time a week earlier on 4 July at Grillon's Hotel in Bond Street. Neither William nor Adelaide had been married before, and William was 27 years her senior.\nDespite these unromantic circumstances, the couple settled amicably in Hanover (where the cost of living was much lower than in England), and by all accounts were devoted to each other throughout their marriage. Adelaide improved William's behaviour; he drank less, swore less, and became more tactful. Observers thought them parsimonious, and their lifestyle simple, even boring. William eventually accepted the reduced increase in his allowance voted by Parliament.\n\nOn the Continent, Adelaide became pregnant, but in her seventh month of pregnancy, she caught pleurisy and gave birth prematurely on 27 March 1819 at the F\u00fcrstenhof Palace in Hanover. Her daughter, Charlotte Augusta Louise, lived only a few hours. Another pregnancy in the same year caused William to move the household to England so his future heir would be born on British soil; however, Adelaide miscarried at Calais or Dunkirk during the journey on 5 September 1819. Back in London, they moved into Clarence House, but preferred to stay at Bushy House near Hampton Court, where William had already lived with Dorothea Jordan. She became pregnant again, and a second daughter, Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide, was born on 10 December 1820 at St James's Palace. Elizabeth seemed strong but died less than three months old on 4 March 1821 of \"inflammation in the Bowels\". Ultimately, William and Adelaide had no surviving children. Twin boys were stillborn on 8 April 1822 at Bushy Park and a possible brief pregnancy may have occurred within the same year.\nPrincess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent came to be acknowledged as William's heir presumptive, as Adelaide had no further pregnancies. While there were rumours of pregnancies well into William's reign (dismissed by the King as \"damned stuff\"), they seem to have been without basis.\n\n\nQueen consort\n\nAt the time of their marriage, William was not heir-presumptive to the throne, but became so when his brother Frederick, Duke of York, died childless in 1827. Given the small likelihood of his older brothers producing heirs, and William's relative youth and good health, it had long been considered extremely likely that he would become king in due course. In 1830, on the death of his elder brother, George IV, William acceded to the throne. One of King William's first acts was to confer the Rangership of Bushy Park (for 33 years held by himself) on Queen Adelaide. This act allowed Adelaide to remain at Bushy House for her lifetime.\nWilliam and Adelaide were crowned on 8 September 1831 at Westminster Abbey. Adelaide was deeply religious and took the service very seriously. William despised the ceremony and acted throughout, it is presumed deliberately, as if he was \"a character in a comic opera\", making a mockery of what he thought to be a ridiculous charade. Adelaide, alone among those attending received praise for her \"dignity, repose and characteristic grace\".Adelaide was beloved by the British people for her piety, modesty, charity, and her tragic childbirth history. A large portion of her household income was given to charitable causes. She also treated the young Princess Victoria of Kent (William's heir presumptive and later Queen Victoria) with kindness, despite her inability to produce an heir and the open hostility between her husband and Victoria's mother, the Dowager Duchess of Kent. She refused to have women of questionable virtue attend her Court. The Clerk of the Privy Council, Charles Greville, wrote, \"The Queen is a prude and refuses to have the ladies come d\u00e9collet\u00e9es to her parties. George the 4th, who liked ample expanses of that kind, would not let them be covered.\"\n\nAdelaide attempted, perhaps unsuccessfully, to influence the King politically. She never spoke about politics in public; however, she was strongly Tory. It is unclear how much of William's attitudes during the passage of the Reform Act 1832 were due to her influence. The Press, the public, and courtiers assumed that she was agitating behind the scenes against reform, but she was careful to be non-committal in public. As a result of her alleged partiality, she became unpopular with reformers. False rumours circulated that she was having an affair with her Lord Chamberlain, the Tory Lord Howe, but almost everyone at court knew that Adelaide was inflexibly pious and was always faithful to her husband. The Whig prime minister, Lord Grey, had Lord Howe removed from Adelaide's household. Attempts to reinstate him after the Reform Bill had passed were not successful, as Lord Grey and Lord Howe could not agree as to how independent Howe could be of the government.In October 1834, a great fire destroyed much of the Palace of Westminster, which Adelaide considered divine retribution for the vagaries of reform. When the King dismissed the Whig ministry of Lord Melbourne, The Times newspaper blamed the Queen's influence, though she seems to have had very little to do with it. Influenced by her similarly reactionary brother-in-law, the Duke of Cumberland, she did write to the King against reform of the Church of Ireland.Both William and Adelaide were fond of their niece, Princess Victoria of Kent, and wanted her to be closer to them. Their efforts were frustrated by Victoria's mother, the Duchess of Kent. The Duchess refused to acknowledge Adelaide's precedence, left letters from Adelaide unanswered, and commandeered space in the royal stables and apartments for her use. The King, aggrieved at what he took to be disrespect from the Duchess to his wife, bluntly announced in the presence of Adelaide, the Duchess, Victoria, and many guests, that the Duchess was \"incompetent to act with propriety\", that he had been \"grossly and continually insulted by that person\", and that he hoped to have the satisfaction of living beyond Victoria's age of majority so that the Duchess of Kent would never be regent. Everyone was aghast at the vehemence of the speech, and all three ladies were deeply upset. The breach between the Duchess and the King and Queen was never fully healed, but Victoria always viewed both of them with kindness.\n\n\nQueen dowager\n\nQueen Adelaide was dangerously ill in April 1837, at around the same time that she was present at her mother's deathbed in Meiningen, but she recovered. By June, it became evident that the King was fatally ill himself. Adelaide stayed beside William's deathbed devotedly, not going to bed herself for more than ten days. William IV died from heart failure in the early hours of the morning of 20 June 1837 at Windsor Castle, where he was buried. Victoria was proclaimed as queen, but subject to the rights of any issue that might be born to Adelaide on the remotely possible chance that she was pregnant.The first queen dowager in over a century (Charles II's widow, Catherine of Braganza, had died in 1705, and Mary of Modena, wife of the deposed James II, died in 1718), Adelaide survived her husband by twelve years.\nIn early October 1838, for health reasons, Adelaide travelled to Malta aboard HMS Hastings, stopping at Gibraltar on the way, and staying on Malta for three months. Lacking a Protestant church on Malta, the queen dowager paid for the construction of St Paul's Pro-Cathedral in Valletta. In the summer of 1844, she paid her last visit to her native country, visiting Altenstein Palace and Meiningen.Queen Adelaide had been given the use of Marlborough House, Pall Mall in 1831, and held it until her death in 1849. She also had the use of Bushy House and Bushy Park at Hampton Court. Suffering from chronic illness, Adelaide often moved her place of residence in a vain search for health, staying at the country houses of various British aristocracy. She became a tenant of William Ward and took up residence at the latter's newly purchased house, Witley Court in Worcestershire, from 1842 until 1846. While at Witley Court, she had two chaplains \u2013 Rev. John Ryle Wood, Canon of Worcester and Rev. Thomas Pearson, Rector of Great Witley. She financed the first village school in Great Witley. From 1846 to 1848, she rented Cassiobury House from Lord Essex. During her time there, she played host to Victoria and Albert. Within three years, Adelaide had moved on again, renting Bentley Priory in Stanmore from Lord Abercorn.Semi-invalid by 1847, Adelaide was advised to try the climate of Madeira for the winter that year, for her health. She donated money to the poor of the island and paid for the construction of a road from Ribeiro Seco to Camara de Lobos.\n\nQueen Adelaide's last public appearance was to lay the foundation stone of the church of St John the Evangelist, Great Stanmore. She gave the font and when the church was completed after her death, the east window was dedicated to her memory.She died during the reign of her niece Queen Victoria on 2 December 1849 of natural causes at Bentley Priory in Middlesex. She was buried at St. George's Chapel, Windsor. She wrote instructions for her funeral during an illness in 1841 at Sudbury Hall:\n\nI die in all humility \u2026 we are alike before the throne of God, and I request therefore that my mortal remains be conveyed to the grave without pomp or state \u2026 to have as private and quiet a funeral as possible. I particularly desire not to be laid out in state \u2026 I die in peace and wish to be carried to the fount in peace, and free from the vanities and pomp of this world.\n\n\nLegacy\n\nQueen Adelaide's name is probably best remembered in the Australian state of South Australia, founded during the brief reign of William IV. In 1836, the capital city of Adelaide was named after her. The Queen Adelaide Club for women is still active, and a bronze statue of Queen Adelaide stands in the foyer of the Town Hall. The Queen Adelaide Society was inaugurated in Adelaide in 1981 by the late Dorothy Howie with the twin objectives of promoting public awareness of Queen Adelaide and to provide an annual donation to a South Australian children's charity.There is a village named Queen Adelaide in Cambridgeshire, which takes its name from one of the many public houses named after her.There are Adelaide Streets, Adelaide Avenues, and Adelaide Roads throughout the former empire. There is also Adelaide Hospital (now the Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght) in Dublin, and an Adelaide railway station in Belfast. Australia has two Adelaide Rivers, in the Northern Territory and Tasmania, and an Adelaide Reef in Queensland. The town of Adelaide (originally Fort Adelaide) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, as well as Sir Benjamin D'Urban's short-lived colony in the same area, Queen Adelaide Province. Queen's Park, Brighton is also named in her honour, as is Adelheidsdorf in Lower Saxony, Germany. The Citadel in Port Louis, capital of the Republic of Mauritius, is named Fort Adelaide, the building having been started during the reign of William in 1834. In 1832 Adelaide Township was surveyed in what became the western part of Middlesex County in Ontario (now part of the municipality of the Township of Adelaide-Metcalfe). There is a small group of islands in southern Chile named Queen Adelaide Archipelago and Adelaide Island in the British Antarctic Territory.\n\nIn honour of the Queen's many visits, several places in Leicestershire were named after Queen Adelaide. They include Queen Street in Measham and the Queen Adelaide Inn (now demolished) in Appleby Magna. There is also the Queen Adelaide Oak in Bradgate Park (once home to Lady Jane Grey), under which Queen Adelaide had picnicked on venison and crayfish from the estate.Asteroid 525 Adelaide is also named in her honour.In 1849 there was a cholera epidemic in the East End of London. The following year, Queen Adelaide's dispensary opened in Warner Place, Bethnal Green. It moved to William Street in 1866 and by 1899 was handling 10,000 medical and dental patients a year. In 1963, the funds that had set up the dispensary became Queen Adelaide's charity, which still operates today.Queen Victoria's firstborn child, Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise, took her second name from her great-aunt, who was also the child's godmother.\n\n\nCultural depictions\nQueen Adelaide was played by Harriet Walter in the 2009 film The Young Victoria, as a kindly but practical counsellor to the inexperienced queen. Delena Kidd portrayed her in the 2001 television serial Victoria & Albert.\n\n\nHonours\n Kingdom of Portugal: Dame of the Order of Queen Saint Isabel, 23 February 1836\n Russian Empire: Dame grand cross of the Order of Saint Catherine, 1830\n\n\nArms\n\nThe Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom are impaled with her father's arms as Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. The arms were Quarterly of nineteen, 1st, Azure, a lion barry Argent and Gules (Landgrave of Thuringia); 2nd, Gules, an escarbuncle Or and a shield at the centre point Argent (Cleves); 3rd, Or, a lion rampant Sable (Meissen); 4th, Or, a lion rampant Sable (J\u00fclich); 5th, Argent, a lion rampant Gules crowned Azure (Berg); 6th, Azure, an eagle displayed Or (Palatinate of Saxony); 7th, Or, two pales Azure (Landsberg); 8th, Sable, an eagle displayed Or (Palatinate of Thuringia); 9th, Or, sem\u00e9 of hearts Gules a lion rampant Sable crowned of the second (Orlam\u00fcnde); 10th, Argent, three bars Azure (Eisenberg); 11th, Azure, a lion passant per fess Or and Argent (Tonna in Gleichen); 12th, Argent, a rose Gules barbed and seeded Proper (Burgraviate of Altenburg); 13th, Gules plain (Sovereign rights); 14th, Argent, three beetles' pincers Gules (Engern); 15th, Or a fess chequy Gules and Argent (Marck); 16th, Per pale, dexter, Gules, a column Argent crowned Or (Roemhild), sinister, Or, on a mount Vert, a cock Sable, wattled Gules (Hannenberg); 17th, Argent three chevronels Gules (Ravensberg); and over all an inescutcheon barry Or and Sable, a crown of rue (or a crancelin) in bend Vert (Saxony).As the Duchess of Clarence, she used the arms of her husband (the royal arms with a label of three points Argent, the centre point bearing a cross Gules, the outer points each bearing an anchor Azure) impaled with those of her father, the whole surmounted by a coronet of a child of the sovereign.\n\n\nIssue\n\n\nAncestry\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nNotes\n\n\nCitations\n\n\nSources\n\n\nExternal links\n\nBiography (in German)\n\"Archival material relating to Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen\". UK National Archives. \nQueen Adelaide Society (City of Adelaide, South Australia)"}}}}
part_xaa/addaea_pusilla
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Addaea_pusilla","to":"Addaea pusilla"}],"pages":{"34335610":{"pageid":34335610,"ns":0,"title":"Addaea pusilla","extract":"Addaea pusilla is a species of moth of the family Thyrididae. It is found in Papua New Guinea and Australia.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abadou
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"36072839":{"pageid":36072839,"ns":0,"title":"Abadou","extract":"Abadou is a small town and rural commune in \nAl Haouz Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9905 people living in 1490 households.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/adamow_rososki
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam\u00f3w_Rososki","to":"Adam\u00f3w Rososki"}],"pages":{"19831195":{"pageid":19831195,"ns":0,"title":"Adam\u00f3w Rososki","extract":"Adam\u00f3w Rososki [a\u02c8damuf r\u0254\u02c8s\u0254ski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chyn\u00f3w, within Gr\u00f3jec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Chyn\u00f3w, 20 km (12 mi) east of Gr\u00f3jec, and 35 km (22 mi) south of Warsaw.\nThe village has a population of 80.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abraham-joseph_benard
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abraham-Joseph_B\u00e9nard","to":"Abraham-Joseph B\u00e9nard"}],"pages":{"4737780":{"pageid":4737780,"ns":0,"title":"Abraham-Joseph B\u00e9nard","extract":"Abraham Joseph B\u00e9nard (October 26, 1750 \u2013 March 3, 1822), known as Fleury, was a French actor and comedian, known for acting at the Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise. He was born at Chartres, and began his stage apprenticeship at Nancy, where his father was at the head of a company of actors attached to the court of Stanis\u0142aw Leszczy\u0144ski. After four years in the provinces, he came to Paris in 1778, and almost immediately was made soci\u00e9taire at the Com\u00e9die Fran\u00e7aise, although the public was slow to recognize him as the greatest comedian of the day.\nDuring the French Revolution, in 1793 Fleury, like the rest of his fellow-players, was arrested in consequence of the presentation of Laya's controversial L' Ami des lots (\"The Friend of Laws\"), and, when liberated, appeared at various theaters until, in 1799, he rejoined the rehabilitated Com\u00e9die Fran\u00e7aise. After forty years of service he retired in 1818. He was notoriously illiterate, and it is probable that the interesting M\u00e9moire de Fleury owes more to its author, Lafitte, than to the subject whose \"notes and papers\" it is said to contain.\n\n\nReferences\n\nThis article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Fleury\". Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 500.\n\n\nSee also\nTroupe of the Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise in 1790"}}}}
part_xaa/action_francaise
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Action_Fran\u00e7aise","to":"Action Fran\u00e7aise"}],"pages":{"219732":{"pageid":219732,"ns":0,"title":"Action Fran\u00e7aise","extract":"Action Fran\u00e7aise (French pronunciation: \u200b[aksj\u0254\u0303 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b\u02d0z], AF; English: French Action) is a French far-right monarchist political movement. The name was also given to a journal associated with the movement.\nThe movement and the journal were founded by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois in 1899, as a nationalist reaction against the intervention of left-wing intellectuals on behalf of Alfred Dreyfus. Charles Maurras quickly joined Action fran\u00e7aise and became its principal ideologist. Under the influence of Maurras, Action fran\u00e7aise became royalist, counter-revolutionary (objecting to the legacy of the French Revolution), anti-parliamentary and pro-decentralization, espousing corporatism, integralism and Catholicism.\nShortly after it was created, Action fran\u00e7aise tried to influence public opinion by turning its journal into a daily newspaper and by setting up other organizations. It was at its most prominent during the 1899\u20131914 period. In the inter-war period, the movement still enjoyed some prestige from support among conservative elites, but its popularity gradually declined as a result of the rise of fascism and of a rupture in its relations with the Catholic Church. During the Second World War, Action fran\u00e7aise supported the Vichy Regime and Marshal Philippe P\u00e9tain. After the fall of Vichy, its newspaper was banned and Maurras was sentenced to life imprisonment. The movement nevertheless continued in new publications and political associations, although with fading relevance as monarchism lost popularity, and French far-right movements shifted toward an emphasis on Catholic values and defense of classical French culture. It is seen by some as one progenitor of the current National Rally political party.\n\n\nIdeology\nThe ideology of Action fran\u00e7aise was dominated by the precepts of Charles Maurras, following his adherence and his conversion of the movement's founders to royalism. The movement supported a restoration of the House of Bourbon and, after the 1905 law on the separation of Church and State, the restoration of Roman Catholicism as the state religion, all as rallying points in distinction to the Third Republic of France which was considered corrupt and atheistic by many of its opponents.\nThe movement advocated decentralization (a \"federal monarchy\"), with the restoration of pre-Revolutionary liberties to the ancient provinces of France (replaced during the Revolution by the departmental system). It aimed to achieve a restoration by means of a coup d'\u00e9tat, probably involving a transitional authoritarian government.\nAction fran\u00e7aise was not focused on denouncing one social or political group as the conspiratorial source of ills befalling France. Different groups of the French far-right had animuses against Jews, Huguenots (French Calvinists), and Freemasons. To these, Maurras added unspecific foreigners residing in France, who had been outside French law under the Ancien R\u00e9gime, and to whom he invented a slur name derived from ancient Greek history: m\u00e9t\u00e8ques. These four groups of \"internal foreigners\" Maurras called les quatre \u00e9tats conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s and were all considered to be part of \"Anti-France\". He also opposed Marxism and the October Revolution, but antagonism against them did not have to be manufactured.\n\n\nHistory\n\n\nFounding and rise (1898\u20131914)\nIn 1899, Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois left the nationalist mouvement Ligue de la Patrie fran\u00e7aise and established a new movement, called Action fran\u00e7aise, and a new journal, Revue de l'Action fran\u00e7aise. This was their nationalist reaction against the intervention of left-wing intellectuals on the behalf of Alfred Dreyfus.Charles Maurras quickly joined Action fran\u00e7aise and became its principal ideologist. Under the influence of Maurras, Action fran\u00e7aise became monarchist, counter-revolutionary (objecting to the legacy of the French Revolution) and anti-democratic, and supported integralism and Catholicism. The Dreyfus affair gave some Catholics the impression that Catholicism is not compatible with democracy. Therefore, they regarded Action fran\u00e7aise as rampart of religion and the most fitting expression of the church doctrine regarding society.In its early years, Action fran\u00e7aise tried to influence public opinion and to spread its ideas. For example, it created related organizations, such as student groups. The political organization of the movement, the Ligue d'Action Fran\u00e7aise, was launched in the spring of 1905, as was the Action Fran\u00e7aise Federation of Students, directed by Lucien Moreau.L'Institut d'Action fran\u00e7aise was created in 1906 as an alternative institute for higher education. In 1908 the movement's periodical was turned to a daily newspaper, called simply Action fran\u00e7aise. Camelots du Roi, the movement's youth wing, was created in the same year to sell the newspaper in the streets. Its members also served as a paramilitary wing, providing security for meetings and engaging in street violence with political opponents. The newspaper's literary quality and polemical vigor attracted readers and made Maurras and the movement significant figures in French politics. By 1914, Action fran\u00e7aise was the best structured and the most vital nationalist movement in France.\n\n\nFirst World War and aftermath (1914\u20131926)\n\nDuring the First World War, Action fran\u00e7aise supported the prime minister Georges Clemenceau and the will to defeat the Germans. France's victory in the war, and the movement's anti-German intransigence on the peace terms resulted in a peak of success, prestige and influence in the inter-war period. For example, in 1917 it moved into new spacious offices on the rue Caumartin, near St. Lazare train station. However, in the French legislative elections of 16 November 1919 Bernard de V\u00e9sins, president of the Ligue d'Action fran\u00e7aise, was defeated in the first district of Paris.Action fran\u00e7aise exploited the disquiet aroused on the right by the victory of the left-wing coalition in 1924 (Cartel des gauches) and the horror of communism, sending about thirty candidates to the French parliament. Well-known writers endorsed the movement, which advertised itself as the thinking man's party. Literary reviews, especially Revue universelle, spread the message of Action fran\u00e7aise. The polemics of the review, its personal attacks on leaders, and its systematic exploitation of scandals and crises helped detach some of the intellectuals from their allegiance to the republic and democracy. This agitation culminated in the 6 February 1934 crisis.\nThe successes shaped the ideology of Action fran\u00e7aise. It became more integrated into mainstream conservatism, stressing patriotism and Catholicism as opposed to monarchism.\n\n\nPapal condemnation and decline\nIn spite of the movement's support for Roman Catholicism as a state religion and the fact that the vast majority of its members were practising Catholics (indeed, they included significant numbers of clergy), some Catholics regarded it with distrust.\nMuch of this was due to the influence of Maurras, an agnostic who advocated Catholicism as a factor of social cohesion and stability and a vital element of French tradition. This rather utilitarian view of religion disturbed many who otherwise agreed with him. Its influence on young Catholics was also considered unwholesome. Thus, on 29 December 1926, Pope Pius XI condemned Action fran\u00e7aise.\nSeveral of Maurras's writings were placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum at the same time, on 9 January 1927, with Action fran\u00e7aise being the first newspaper ever placed on the Roman Catholic Church's list of banned books. This was a devastating blow to the movement. On 8 March 1927, AF members were prohibited from receiving the sacraments. Many of its members left (two Catholics who were forced to look for a different path in politics and life were writers Fran\u00e7ois Mauriac and Georges Bernanos); and it entered a period of decline.\nIn 1939, following the Spanish Civil War and a revival of anti-communism in the Catholic Church, Pope Pius XII decided to end the condemnation. Thereafter, Action fran\u00e7aise claimed that the condemnation had been declared for political purposes.\n\n\nInterwar revival\nDespite the 1926 Papal condemnation, Action fran\u00e7aise remained popular during the interwar period, being one of the most important far-right leagues, along with the Croix-de-Feu and others. As increasing numbers of people in France (as in Europe as a whole) turned to authoritarian political movements, many turned to Action fran\u00e7aise. It thus continued to recruit members from the new generations, such as Robert Brasillach (who would become a collaborationist), the novelist and former deputy and ambassador Pierre Benoist, Thierry Maulnier, and Lucien Rebatet. It was marginally represented for a time in the Chamber of Deputies, particularly by L\u00e9on Daudet, elected in the right-wing Chambre bleue horizon (1919\u20131924).\nHowever, with the rise of fascism and the creation of seemingly fascist leagues, added to the 1926 Papal condemnation, the royalist movement was weakened by various dissidents: Georges Valois would create the fascist Faisceau, Louis Dimier would break away, while other members (Eug\u00e8ne Deloncle, Gabriel Jeantet, etc.) created the terrorist La Cagoule group.\nThe retired Admiral Antoine Schwerer became president of the league in 1930, succeeding Bernard de V\u00e9sins in difficult circumstances.\nHe was a talented orator.\nAt the December 1931 congress, \"greeted by loud acclamation\", he gave himself to a full presentation of \"the general situation of France\", external, financial, economic, interior and religious. He concluded with a passionate statement,\n...the situation is very dark. It would be almost desperate if there were not a cell that is not huge, but that is alive and is the only one able to animate the amorphous environment that surrounds it. This cell is the Action fran\u00e7aise. Every day more people understand it. There will always be imbeciles in France, men of bad faith, madmen and criminals; but there are in our midst a great many excellent elements now deceived and blinded. Our task is to enlighten them and then to train them to the assault. It requires a huge effort pursued with perseverance. The job is tough. We will not do it by sitting in a good armchair, in flowery salons, lavishing sweet smiles and honeyed words, fighting in white gloves with dainty foils. We must be ready for hard sacrifices. Are you all ready? You want the restoration of the Monarchy. Have you all done what is necessary to achieve this? \nAntoine Schwerer was forced by illness to retire to Brittany in 1935.\nHe was succeeded as head of the league by Fran\u00e7ois de Lassus.John Gunther wrote that of the more than 100 daily newspapers in Paris, only L'Humanit\u00e9 and Action Fran\u00e7aise were honest. The group participated in the 6 February 1934 crisis, which led to the fall of the second Cartel des gauches and to the replacement of the centre-left Radical-Socialist \u00c9douard Daladier by the centre-right Radical Gaston Doumergue. In foreign policy, Maurras and Bainville supported Pierre Laval's double alliance with Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy and with the United Kingdom in the Stresa Front (1935) on one side, and with the Soviet Union on the other side, against the common enemy Nazi Germany. The Action fran\u00e7aise greeted Franco's appearance with delight, and supported the self-proclaimed Caudillo during the Spanish Civil War (1936\u201339). But the extra-parliamentary agitation brought by the far-right leagues, including the AF, led Pierre Laval's government to outlaw militias and paramilitary leagues, leading to the dissolution of the AF on 13 February 1936 \u2014 the other leagues were dissolved only in June 1936 by the Popular Front.\nMarshal Philippe P\u00e9tain's proclamation of the Vichy regime and of the R\u00e9volution nationale after the failure of the Battle of France was acclaimed by Maurras as a \"divine surprise\", and he rallied the collaborationist regime. Royalist members hoped that P\u00e9tain would restore the monarchy, and the headquarters of the movement were moved from Paris to Vichy. However, the AF members were split between supporting the counter-revolutionary regime and their nationalism: after 1942, and in particular in 1943, some members, such as Henri d'Astier de la Vigerie, Pierre Guillain de B\u00e9nouville or Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'Orves joined the Resistance or escaped to join the Free French Forces. Others actively collaborated, while Maurras supported the Vichy government, but theoretically opposed P\u00e9tain's collaboration with the Germans. After the Liberation, he was condemned to life imprisonment in 1944, though he was reprieved in 1952. Action fran\u00e7aise was dissolved in 1944.\n\n\nAfter World War II\n\nAction fran\u00e7aise reformed itself in 1947, under the influence of Maurice Pujo, who created the newspaper Aspects de la France (AF) and the counter-revolutionary movement, \"la Restauration Nationale\" (\"National Restoration\"). After the death of Maurras in 1952, two rival newspapers, Aspects de la France and Pierre Boutang's La Nation fran\u00e7aise revived the Maurrassian legacy, until the demise of La Nation fran\u00e7aise in 1967.\nIn 1971, a breakaway movement, the \"Nouvelle Action fran\u00e7aise\" was formed by Bertrand Renouvin, Georges-Paul Wagner and others. It subsequently became the Nouvelle Action Royaliste (NAR), which supported the Orleanist heir (although in his 1968 reprinting of his study on the three French right-wing families, Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond still classified it in the legitimist movement because of its counter-revolutionary ideology). The movement called for the support of Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand in the 1981 presidential election, instead of supporting Jacques Chirac's \"neo-Gaullism\" movement (the Gaullists are classed by Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond as Bonapartists) or Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing's \"Orleanist\" movement (because of his support of economic liberalism).\nIn the beginning of the 1980s, various AF figures, such as Georges-Paul Wagner or Philippe Colombani (in French) joined the ranks of Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front (FN). Until the 1999 breakaway of the National Republican Movement (MNR) led by Bruno M\u00e9gret, Jean-Marie Le Pen's success was partly explained by his unification of the various far right families (such as traditionalist Catholics, royalists, neofascists, etc.) which share few ideals apart from a distrust of liberal democracy and a staunch anti-communism.\nIn the 1990s, the leader of the movement was Pierre Pujo (Maurice Pujo's son), who died in Paris on 10 November 2007. The student movement, called Action fran\u00e7aise \u00e9tudiante, has approximately 15 local delegations (in places such as Paris, Normandy, Rennes, Bordeaux, and Forez) and a newspaper, Insurrection. Its president is Oliver Perceval.\n\n\nAction fran\u00e7aise today\nAction fran\u00e7aise has 3,000 adherents in 2018, grew from 18% in 2017 and 53% between 2013 and 2018. The movement stands for a traditional, hereditary, anti-parliamentary and decentralized monarchy and is strongly anti-European Union. The organization sees itself as a thinktank and not a political party. The movement presents ideas to answer to all issues regarding national interest such as sovereignty, ecology, and globalization.\n\n\nPolitical line\nPolitically, Action Fran\u00e7aise remains a royalist, nationalist, and counter-revolutionary movement. Its objective is to restore \"a sovereign state fully exercising its regalian functions\" in France through the establishment of a decentralized and representative monarchy that guarantees the \"just exercise of lasting power\". Politically, the movement advocates the establishment of a monarchy \"adapted to our times that is not a return to an ancient order but a serious response to current issues\" with the Orleans family at its head. The movement also supports the idea of a \"royalist compromise around the monarchy\".\nAF is opposed to the European Union, which it describes as unitary and utopian in spirit. Thus, in its words, \"the EU would have put in place a centralizing federalist system\", a transfer of sovereignty of nations to European bodies.\nRefusing the \"party system\", Action Fran\u00e7aise puts the salvation of the nation above all individual and partisan interests, in accordance with its slogan \"All that is national is ours\". As the heir of Charles Maurras's ideas, Action Fran\u00e7aise remains unparliamentary.\nArguing that the family is the foundation of the nation and that there can only be marriage between one man and one woman, AF participated in 2012 and 2013 in La Manif pour tous and the Printemps fran\u00e7ais against the legalization of same-sex marriage, adoption of children by homosexuals, surrogate motherhood, and medically-assisted procreation.\n\n\nOrganization\nThe official entity of the organisation is called \"Centre royaliste d'Action fran\u00e7aise\", even if the forbidden name is used in the communication of the movement. It publishes a magazine called Le bien commun.\nThe AF is organized in region federations, in which stand local school, student, and workers sections. Those sections circulate their ideas and debate in circles. The most known is the Parisian literary circle, \"Cercle de Flore\", which invites French conservatory and right wing authors intelligentsia. Most of the circles are internal and are designed to train young members to the ideas of the movement. This is the case of the Parisian Charles Maurras circle which gathers the Parisian students.\nFollowing its tradition, the movement edits a newspaper which is sold by its supporters in the street. This allows the young adherents to learn how to debate and publicly defend their ideas. Each year, on the second Sunday of May, a traditional cortege in honour of Joan of Arc is organized.During and after the manifestations \"la manif pour tous\" (2013\u20132014) opposing the Same-sex marriage in France, Action Fran\u00e7aise created \"le printemps fran\u00e7ais\", an activist submovement, and grew a lot recruiting a young generation.The students of the movement have organized a summer university called \"camp Maxime-Real del Sarte\" since 1953, gathering approximately 200 activists.Action fran\u00e7aise is active on the Internet and is followed by 11,000 accounts on Twitter and 24,000 people on Facebook. The movement uses YouTube videos and memes to spread its ideas.\n\n\nJudgment of political scientists\n\n\nClassification as fascist\nIn 1965, the German historian Ernst Nolte claimed that Action fran\u00e7aise was fascist. He considered Action fran\u00e7aise to be the first fascist party.\nCertain present-day scholars disagree with Nolte's view. For example, in 1999, the British historian Richard Thurlow claimed that \"his [Nolte's] linking of Action fran\u00e7aise to the fascist tradition was misleading\". Later, Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond and Stanley G. Payne described the differences between Action fran\u00e7aise and Italian fascism.\n\n\nInfluence on national syndicalism and fascism\nIn the books Neither Right nor Left and The Birth of Fascist Ideology, Zeev Sternhell claimed that Action fran\u00e7aise influenced national syndicalism and, consequently, fascism.\nAccording to Sternhell, national syndicalism was formed by the combination between the integral nationalism of Action fran\u00e7aise and the revolutionary syndicalism of Georges Sorel. National syndicalism spread to Italy, and was later a part of the doctrine of Italian fascist movement.\nIn France, national syndicalism influenced the non-conformists of the 1930s. Based on the views of the non-conformists themselves, Sternhell argued that the non-conformists were actually a French form of fascism.\n\n\nRen\u00e9 R\u00e9mond's classification\nAlthough it supported the Orl\u00e9anist branch, according to historian Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond's categorization of French right-wing families, it would be closer to the legitimist branch, characterized by a complete rejection of all changes to France since the 1789 French Revolution. According to R\u00e9mond, supporters of the Orl\u00e9anist branch tended to favour economic liberalism.\n\n\nSee also\nAnti-parliamentarism\nFrench Third Republic (1870\u20131940)\nHussards (literary movement), a movement created in the 1950s in reaction against existentialism and close to the AF\nMonarchism\nNouvelle Action Royaliste\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nFurther reading\nBalfour, R. E. (1930). \"The Action Fran\u00e7aise Movement\". Cambridge Historical Journal. 3 (2): 182\u2013205. doi:10.1017/S1474691300002468. JSTOR 3020706.\nCallu, Agn\u00e8s (2008-01-28), Lettres \u00e0 Charles Maurras: Amiti\u00e9s politiques, lettres autographes, 1898-1952 (in French), Presses Univ. Septentrion, ISBN 978-2-7574-0044-9, retrieved 2017-10-21\nDeClair, Edward G. (1999). Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front. Duke University. ISBN 978-0-8223-2139-2.\nWeber, Eugen Action Fran\u00e7aise; Royalism And Reaction In Twentieth-Century France, Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1962.\nNolte, Ernst The Three Faces Of Fascism: Action Fran\u00e7aise, Italian Fascism, National Socialism, translated from the German by Leila Vennewitz, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.\nWilson, Stephen (1969). \"The 'Action Fran\u00e7aise' in French Intellectual Life\". The Historical Journal. 12 (2): 328\u2013350. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00004325. JSTOR 2637807. S2CID 143623954.\n\n\nExternal links\n(in French) Official website of Action Fran\u00e7aise"}}}}
part_xaa/aboriginal_peoples_television_network
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aboriginal_Peoples_Television_Network","to":"Aboriginal Peoples Television Network"}],"pages":{"15286115":{"pageid":15286115,"ns":0,"title":"Aboriginal Peoples Television Network","extract":"The Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN, stylized aptn) is a Canadian specialty channel. Established in 1992 and maintained by governmental funding to broadcast in Canada's northern territories, APTN acquired a national broadcast licence in 1999. It airs and produces programs made by, for and about Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States. Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, it is the first network by and for North American indigenous peoples.\n\n\nHistory\n\n\nEstablishment\n\nIn 1980, the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) issued the Therrien Committee Report. In that report, the committee concluded that northern Indigenous peoples had increasing interest in developing their own media services and that the government has a responsibility to ensure support in broadcasting of Indigenous cultures and languages. The committee recommended measures to enable northern native people to use broadcasting to support their languages and cultures.\nThe Canadian government created the Northern Broadcasting Policy, issued on March 10, 1983. It laid out principles to develop Northern native-produced programming. The policy included support for what was called the Northern Native Broadcast Access Program, a funded program to produce radio and/or television programs in First Peoples' languages to reflect their cultural perspectives.\nSoon after the program's creation, problems were recognized in the planned program distribution via satellite. In January 1987, Canadian aboriginal and Northern broadcasters met in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories to form a non-profit consortium to establish a Pan-Northern television distribution service. In 1988, the Canadian government gave the organizers $10 million to establish the network. The application for the new service, initially known as Television Northern Canada (TVNC), was approved by the CRTC in 1991. The network officially launched on over-the-air signals to the Canadian territories and far northern areas of the provinces on January 21, 1992.\n\n\nNational expansion and re-launch\nAfter several years broadcasting in the territories, TVNC began lobbying the CRTC to amend their licence to allow TVNC to be broadcast nationally; they promoted the \"uniqueness\" and \"significance\" of a national Aboriginal service. On February 22, 1999, the CRTC granted TVNC a licence for a national broadcast network.\nOn September 1, 1999, the network also re-branded as the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN). It was added to all specialty television services across Canada. APTN was the first national public television network for indigenous peoples.\n\n\nBudget\nIn 2009, APTN had an annual budget of CA$42 million.\n\n\nDistribution\nAPTN's service consists of six different feeds: two terrestrial feeds, separate national cable feeds for Eastern (Ontario and east), Western Canada (Manitoba and west), Northern Canada, as well as a national HD feed.\nThe terrestrial feed, the successor to the original TVNC, is available over-the-air in Canada's far northern areas. It consists of flagship station CHTY-TV in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, semi-satellite CHWT-TV in Whitehorse, Yukon, and numerous low-powered rebroadcasters across the Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador.\nOn August 31, 2011, APTN shut down 39 low-power television repeaters across the Northwest Territories and Yukon, representing nearly half of its over-the-air transmitters. Although this discontinuation was conducted on the same day as Canada's over-the-air digital conversion deadline in certain mandatory markets, these over-the-air transmitters were not subject to this deadline. None of the mandatory conversion-to-digital markets were located the Northwest Territories or Yukon.\nAPTN's 2013 CRTC licence renewal featured zero over-the-air transmitters.In November 2016, CEO Jean La Rose told the Winnipeg Free Press that APTN was negotiating carriage for a U.S. service. He noted that there was a high level of interest among Native Americans for programming relevant to their communities.\nThe Eastern Canada cable feed operated as the national feed until the Western Canada feed began service on October 2, 2006.\nAPTN is licensed as a national network by the CRTC, thus putting it on par with CBC Television, Radio-Canada and TVA. Since APTN's relaunch as a national network in 1999, all Canadian cable and satellite television providers have been required to include it in their basic service. However, many cable companies outside the Arctic place it above channel 60 on their systems, rendering it inaccessible to older cable-ready television sets that do not go above channel 60. The CRTC considered requiring cable companies to move APTN to a lower dial position, but decided in 2005 that it would not do so.In 2019, the channel launched APTN Lumi, a streaming service distributing APTN programming on the internet and streaming television devices.\n\n\nProgramming\nAPTN offers a variety of programming related to Aboriginal peoples, including documentaries, news magazines, dramas, entertainment specials, children's series, movies, sports events, educational programs and more. APTN's network programming is c. 56% English, 16% French, and 28% Aboriginal languages.\nPrograms which have aired on APTN include:\n\nAPTN National News\nAPTN Contact\nArbor Live!\nBingo and a Movie\nBlackstone\nBro'Town\nBordertown\nBy The Rapids\nThe Candy Show\nCashing In\nCaution: May Contain Nuts\nChuck and the First Peoples Kitchen\nCooking With the Wolfman\nThe Deerskins\nDelmer & Marta\nDJ Burnt Bannock\nFirst Contact\nFinding Our Talk: A Journey Through Aboriginal Languages, the world's first series in Mohawk language, three seasons (2001, 2002, 2009)\nFriday Night Flick\nFugget About It\nFuture History\nGespe'gewa'gi: The Last Land\nGuides and Gurus\nGuilt Free Zone\nHard Rock Medical\nIcons\nMedicine Woman\nMixed Blessings\nMoccasin Flats\nMohawk Girls\nMy TV\nNative New Yorker\nNorth of 60\nNorthern Exposure\nOne With Nature\nLa piqure\nQueen of the Oil Patch\nQuerencia\nQuest Out West: Wild Food\nRabbit Fall\nRez Bluez\nThe Sharing Circle\nShortland Street\nStorytellers in Motion\nTribal\nWarriors: TKO\nWentworth\nWild Archaeology\nYukon Harvest\n\n\nChildren's programming\nAPTN airs children's programming, primarily as part of the APTN Kids block and branding.\nOriginal programming\n\nAnaana's Tent\nAnash and the Legacy of the Sun-Rock\nAnimism: The Gods' Lake\nArtie the Ant aka The Adventures of Artie the Ant\nBizou\nCG Kids\nChic Choc\nDoggy Day School\nThe Adventures of Dudley the Dragon (both English and French dubs)\nThe Eggs\nFire Quest\nFruity Tales\nGuardians Evolution\nInuk\nKagagi: The Raven\nLa Crosse Goals\nThe Link (TV series)\nLittle Bear\nLouis Says\nMissy Milly\nMonster Math Squad\nMouki\nNehiyawetan\nThe New Adventures of Lucky Luke\nPlanet Echo\nQanurli\nThe Raccoons\nRaven Tales\nrenegadepress.com\nRoad Scholars\nStories of Our Elders\nTakuginai\nTamanevugut\nTiga Talk\nTipi Tales\nThe Nature Show\nTotal Drama: Pahkitew Island\nWapos Bay\nWawatay Kids TV\nWumpa's World\nWakanheja\nYvon of the Yukon\n\n\nSports programming\nOn March 24, 2019, tying in with English-language coverage originating on-location from the Enoch Cree Nation reserve outside of Edmonton, APTN simulcast a Sportsnet-produced NHL game between the Montreal Canadiens and Carolina Hurricanes with commentary in Plains Cree, as part of the Rogers Hometown Hockey package. On December 13, 2019, APTN and Rogers announced that they would broadcast six Hometown Hockey games per-season in the language over the next three years.\n\n\nHigh definition\nIn March 2008, APTN launched a high definition channel known as APTN HD; initially, the HD feed was a straight simulcast of APTN's Eastern cable feed, complying with the requirement that a specialty channel's HD simulcast must be 95% identical in programming and scheduling to its standard-definition feeds. In May 2017, the CRTC amended APTN's license so that APTN HD's programming would no longer necessarily have to mirror the scheduling of the SD feeds, as long as 95% of its programming had aired at some point on one of APTN's SD feeds. The network argued that this change would allow it more flexibility in scheduling programming on APTN HD to reach a broader audience.\n\n\nFirst Peoples Radio\nOn June 14, 2017, a subsidiary of APTN, First Peoples Radio Inc. (FPR), was granted licences by the CRTC to operate radio stations in Toronto and Ottawa aimed at urban Indigenous populations in those cities. The Ottawa station will broadcast on 95.7 FM and the Toronto station will use 106.5 FM. Both frequencies had previously been allocated to Aboriginal Voices Radio which had its licenses revoked in 2015. FPR had also applied for licenses in Edmonton, Calgary, and Vancouver but the CRTC granted these to other applicants.First Peoples Radio Inc had originally announced that its two radio stations, CFPT-FM in Toronto and CFPO-FM in Ottawa, were to go on the air by June 2018 but later delayed its soft launch until October 24, 2018. FPR will produce and share programming with the Missinipi Broadcasting Corporation in Saskatchewan and Native Communications Incorporated in Manitoba and is also in talks with the Aboriginal Multi-Media Society, which has been granted radio licenses in Edmonton and Calgary, and Northern Native Broadcasting (Terrace), which operates an Indigenous radio station in Terrace, British Columbia, and has been granted a license to operate a radio station in Vancouver, about potential programming partnerships.The stations first went on the air on October 24, 2018 at noon, branded as Elmnt FM.\n\n\nExpansion into the United States\nAPTN is working towards launching a similar outlet, tentatively titled All Nations Network, in the United States. The network has already aired works produced in the United States, such as the full-length documentary film Skydancer, directed by Katja Esson, about the community of Akwesasne and its ironworkers. It was aired on both APTN and PBS in the United States in October 2012, after winning awards at film festivals.\n\n\nSee also\n\nCBC North\nWorld Indigenous Television Broadcasters Network\nAboriginal Canadian personalities\n\n\nOwnership\nAPTN will avoid stereotypes and clich\u00e9s when they choose advertisers.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website"}}}}
part_xaa/abaca_bunchy_top_virus
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abaca_bunchy_top_virus","to":"Abaca bunchy top virus"}],"pages":{"37004920":{"pageid":37004920,"ns":0,"title":"Abaca bunchy top virus","extract":"Abaca bunchy top virus (ABTV) is a pathogenic plant virus of the family Nanoviridae. ABTV has been isolated from both abac\u00e1 (Musa textilis) and banana (Musa sp.). ABTV has many similarities to banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) but is both genetically and serologically distinct in that it lacks two open reading frames found in BBTV's genome. ATBV's genome contains six circular components, each of which are 1,000-1,500 base pairs in length.\n\n\nSpread\nThe virus, first detected in 1915 at Silang, Cavite, Philippines, has since spread to various provinces in the country, and damaged more than 8,000 ha (20,000 acres) of abac\u00e1 plantations in 2002 alone.\n\n\nResistance\nIn 2009, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os researchers funded by the Department of Agriculture developed an abac\u00e1 variety that is resistant to the ABTV. The university is working further to make it resistant to mosaic and abac\u00e1 bract mosaic viruses.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/adam's_song
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam's_Song","to":"Adam's Song"}],"pages":{"143266":{"pageid":143266,"ns":0,"title":"Adam's Song","extract":"\"Adam's Song\" is a song recorded by the American rock band Blink-182 for their third studio album, Enema of the State (1999). It was released as the third and final single from Enema of the State on March 14, 2000, through MCA Records. \"Adam's Song\" shares writing credits between the band's guitarist Tom DeLonge and bassist Mark Hoppus, but Hoppus was the primary composer of the song. The track concerns suicide, depression and loneliness. It incorporates a piano in its bridge section and was regarded as one of the most serious songs the band had written to that point.\nHoppus was inspired by the loneliness he experienced while on tour; while his bandmates had significant others to return home to, he was single. He was also influenced by a teen suicide letter he read in a magazine. The song takes the form of a suicide note, and contains lyrical allusions to the Nirvana song \"Come as You Are\". \"Adam's Song\" was one of the last songs to be written and recorded for Enema of the State, and it was nearly left off the album. Though Hoppus worried the subject matter was too depressing, his bandmates were receptive to its message. The song was produced by Jerry Finn.\n\"Adam's Song\" peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart; it was also a top 25 hit in Canada and Italy, but did not replicate its success on other charts. It received praise from music critics, who considered it a change of pace from the trio's more lighthearted singles. The single's music video, a hit on MTV, was directed by Liz Friedlander. Though the song was intended to inspire hope to those struggling with depression, it encountered controversy when a student of Columbine High School died by suicide with the track playing on repeat in 2000.\n\n\nBackground\n\nBeginning in the summer of 1997, Blink-182 would enter an extended period of touring to support their second studio album, Dude Ranch. The group had played a handful of dates on the Vans Warped Tour 1996, a lifestyle tour promoting skateboarding and punk rock music. However, upon Dude Ranch's release and popularity, Blink-182 would play every date of the 1997 tour worldwide with the bands NOFX and Social Distortion. The group were gone from their hometown of San Diego for nearly nine months straight beginning in late 1997. \"When we did our longest tour stretch, it was right when I started dating my fiancee,\" recalled vocalist/guitarist Tom DeLonge. \"We were all new and in love, and I had to leave. It was just, \"Hey, I'll see you in nine months.\" It was really hard.\"\n\nBassist Mark Hoppus penned \"Adam's Song\" to vent these frustrations and the loneliness he experienced on the tour; while the other members had longtime girlfriends to return home to, Hoppus was single. \"When you're on tour, you're so lonely,\" Hoppus said. \"You hang out with all your bros and it's a great time and everything, but everybody wants to come home and have a girlfriend. And every time we'd fly home, Tom and [former drummer] Scott [Raynor] always had girlfriends waiting for them at the airport, and I didn't. It's about me being depressed and lonely out on tour, and not really having anything to come home to.\" The couplet \"I couldn't wait til I got home/To pass the time in my room alone\" originally ended \"to get off the plane alone.\" In opposition to what Hoppus was feeling was the fact that the band were reaching professional highs: Dude Ranch had gone gold and the band were on the verge of stardom. \"It feels ridiculous saying, 'Our band's doing really good, but personally, I'm not feeling like I'm connecting.' It felt like I had too much good fortune to complain about anything,\" he recalled in a later interview.Hoppus said the song's inspiration came from \"reading a magazine where some teenage kid had killed himself and left a letter for his family.\" Online rumors purported that the song was inspired by a friend from Hoppus' high school years who committed suicide, or a play titled Adam's Letter (2005) that has the same focus, but was not written until years after the song's release. John Cosper, the writer behind Adam's Letter, said, \"the naming of the central character was a coincidence. The name goes back to the original script; I had no knowledge of Blink-182 or their music at that time.\"\nIn his memoir Can I Say, drummer Travis Barker wrote that the song's title was taken from a \"sketch on Mr. Show about a band [Titannica] that writes a song with that name encouraging one particular fan to kill himself.\" David Cross, co-creator of Mr. Show, confirmed this, commenting, \"They were fans of the show and that was a knowing tribute that I thought was pretty cool.\"\n\n\nRecording and production\n\"Adam's Song\" was among the last tracks composed and recorded for Enema of the State, and was nearly absent from the final album. The band was halfway finished with recording when Hoppus developed the idea. Though he worried it was \"a bit too far and depressing for what we were trying to do,\" his bandmates were receptive towards the idea:\n\nI remember the day I played [\"Adam's Song\"] for Tom and Travis, and they were like, \"Wow, that's a pretty heavy song. It's really good.\" [There] was never even a question of whether or not to put it on the record, or was that a \"real\" Blink song, or was that the right direction for us to go. Whatever song we write, if it's a good song, we'll put it on the record. If we wanted to write a song about \u2014 I don't know, people starving somewhere, we would.\nAlthough vocals would usually take many alternate takes to complete, Hoppus completed much of the vocal track for \"Adam's Song\" in a single take. \"It's in a pretty high register for me, so I just blasted it out one night after dinner. That's, like, 90 percent of what's on the final track,\" he told Kerrang!. The idea to include piano in the track came without much forethought; \"We realized, 'Well, this part here could sound rad if we put piano in here.' So we tried it out, and it sounded rad,\" said Hoppus. The piano was performed by session musician Roger Joseph Manning, Jr., best known for his work with Beck.\n\n\nComposition\n\n\"Adam's Song\" was a departure from the content of the band's previous singles, in favor of a slower tempo and more depressing lyrics. Brian Wallace of MTV wrote that Blink-182 \"explores new ground on \"Adam's Song,\" setting aside their normal pop-punk punch for a more emo-influenced approach.\" The song is a pop punk, emo, and alternative rock track composed in the key of C major and is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 136 beats per minute. Hoppus' vocal range spans from G3 to G4.The song begins with the narrator contemplating suicide with the lyrics \"I never thought I'd die alone.\" The lyrics continue: \"I'm too depressed to go on / You'll be sorry when I'm gone.\" \"Adam's Song\" includes a reference to \"Come as You Are\" by Nirvana. \"Come as You Are\" by Nirvana includes the lyrics \"Take your time, hurry up, the choice is yours, don't be late\". \"Adam's Song\", in turn, includes the lyrics \"I took my time, I hurried up, The choice was mine, I didn't think enough\".Barker's drum track was labeled by Drummerworld as \"one of the most creative beats of his career,\" and mainly consists of the same basic beat repeated in sections throughout the verses. The first measure begins with the kick drum and splash cymbal playing on the downbeat, followed by a hit on the bell of the ride cymbal on the \"and\" of beat two, preceding an open hi-hat that rings out for a full count on beat three. \"The kick, snare, and floor tom are all hit simultaneously on beat four, followed by floor tom hits on the last two sixteenth-note triplets of beat four.\" The snare is hit on beats two and four, respectively. The song \"gradually builds to a powerful, piano-laden crescendo,\" and the song's final chorus and conclusion take a more uplifting view of the world: \"Tomorrow holds such better days / Days when I can still feel alive/ When I can't wait to get outside.\" DeLonge noted that over six guitar parts were recorded for the \"gigantic, sad\" choruses, but upon mixing, only four were used. \"The extra ones didn't really do anything besides make it a little more unclear what was going on.\"\n\n\nCommercial performance\n\"Adam's Song\" was mainly a commercial success in the United States, but it was a top 25 hit in Canada and Italy as well. In the US, it debuted on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart at number 38 in the issue dated March 18, 2000. Over the following weeks, it gradually ascended the chart to a peak of number two in the issue dated April 29. It remained at that position for seven weeks, held off the top position by \"Otherside\" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, and \"Kryptonite\" by 3 Doors Down. On May 13, the single peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart. In CMJ New Music Report, a trade magazine that contained exclusive charts of non-commercial and college radio airplay and independent and trend-forward retail sales, \"Adam's Song\" was a number one hit on their Commercial Alternative Cuts chart in the issue dated May 15, 2000. The song made its sole appearance on Billboard's Hot 100 Airplay chart on that same date, peaking at number 79. The song's last appearance on the Modern Rock Tracks chart came on September 9, 2000; as a whole, it spent 26 weeks on the chart. In the Billboard issue for July 19, 2003, Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems recognized the single with the BDS Certified Award for 100,000 radio spins. The song later made an appearance on Billboard's Rock Digital Songs at position 38 shortly after the release of the band's sixth album, Neighborhoods, in October 2011.In Canada, the single debuted on the Rock Report chart, compiled by RPM, on May 15, 2000, at number 26. Over the ensuing weeks, its position fluctuated, but it reached a peak of number 20 on June 12, 2000. It last appeared on the chart on July 24 at number 29 before dropping out. In Italy, the single reached a peak of number 21 and spent three weeks on the charts. In New Zealand, the song reached a peak of number 39 and spent six weeks on the chart, while in Germany, the single fared poorly, spending only one week and reaching a peak of 98. Although the song did not chart in the United Kingdom, the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) awarded the song a silver certification in October 2021 for sales and streams of over 200,000 units.\n\n\nCritical reception\n\"Adam's Song\" is generally considered one of the band's more serious songs, one \"that hints at the emotional maturity they'd show on later releases,\" particularly their eponymous 2003 release. Richard Harrington of The Washington Post deemed the song \"a powerful exploration of exhaustion and depression.\" Alex Pappademas, writing for Spin, compared the song to the music of Weezer. Katy Kroll of Billboard recognized it among her top 10 singles of 2000, calling it \"a good old-fashioned depressing song with mainstream flair.\" Geoff Boucher, writing for the Los Angeles Times, called it \"a poignant essay on a teen mulling over suicide\"; conversely, Steve Appleford of the Los Angeles Times dubbed it a \"moving if unremarkable examination.\" Scott Mervis of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette called it a \"rare departure from the usual Blink fare.\"Writers for The A.V. Club listed it among other suicide-related songs in 2009, describing it as \"surprisingly affecting, especially when the band reaches the bombastic chorus, and when the song describes suicide's crushing aftermath.\" In a retrospective review, Chris Payne of Billboard wrote, \"Stylistically, it's also a Blink breakthrough: rather than putting their heads down and plowing through at breakneck speed, the band dials back the verses and interludes to let them breathe a bit. The resulting chorus achieves an arena-worthy feel not achieved anywhere else on Enema of the State.\"In 2016, Stereogum ranked the song number two on their list of the 10 greatest Blink-182 songs, and in 2022, Kerrang ranked the song number five on their list of the 20 greatest Blink-182 songs.\n\n\nSuicide of Greg Barnes\nThe song caused a controversy in 2000 when it was set to replay indefinitely on a nearby stereo as 17-year-old Greg Barnes, a teenager who attended Columbine High School and had lost one of his best friends in the massacre the previous year, hanged himself in the garage of his family's home. Both Hoppus and DeLonge were sympathetic but stressed the song's meaning during an MTV News interview in 2001:\nHoppus: \"I was actually out shopping, and management called me up and told me the story of what happened, and I was like, 'But that's an anti-suicide song!' It felt awful. I mean, the things that the kid had had to go through in his life were very saddening, and then to end it that way was really depressing. But 'Adam's Song', the heart of the song is about having hard times in your life, being depressed, and going through a difficult period, but then finding the strength to go on and finding a better place at the other side of that.\"\nDeLonge: \"It affected us really strongly because that song was a song of hope. When we were writing it, we knew specifically that we did not want kids to think it was something that we thought was cool or rad. We didn't endorse it in any way.\"\nHoppus also told interviewers that he received fan mail following the song's release from fans that had contemplated suicide, but decided not to go through with it after hearing the song. Rolling Stone compared the controversy to that of Ozzy Osbourne's \"Suicide Solution\", which was played before a teen committed suicide in January 1986.\n\n\nMusic video\nThe song's music video was directed by Liz Friedlander and debuted on MTV's Total Request Live on March 7, 2000. It consists of performance footage of the trio in a warehouse in front of a wall decorated with photographs. In between verses, the photos' origins are explored through the different perspectives of individuals near the band. As the band prepares to play a show, a man has a conversation with a girl and is subsequently left alone. In another, while DeLonge and Hoppus read magazines inside a late-night convenience store, a melancholy woman attempts to make a call via a pay phone. Other montages show the trio in the company of friends and practicing, a man looking out upon the sea, and a solitary man deserted by others at an outdoor restaurant. The final montage consists of personal photos from the band's past. Friedlander's vision for the video was to focus on everyday individuals, going through difficult moments in their lives. \"We never know what's going on in other people's lives,\" she told Andrew Limbong of NPR in 2018. \"We all are dealing with our stuff, and we don't look, and don't see, and so then we don't notice.\"\n\n\nLegacy\nThe band retired the song in 2009 after the death of Adam Goldstein, best known as DJ AM, a close personal friend of Barker and of the band. Hoppus noted that he could not bring himself to perform the tune, believing it to be \"too hard\". However, the band brought the song back after nine years, playing it again during their Kings of the Weekend Las Vegas residency in 2018. When asked about its revival, Hoppus said he found new meaning in the song: \"I think of it more, now, as almost a celebration, of hardships gone through and friends lost.\"For a 2018 broadcast of NPR's All Things Considered, reporter Andrew Limbong chose \"Adam's Song\" as part of their series of \"American Anthems\"\u2014\"music that challenges, unites, and celebrates\". In describing his selection, he wrote:\n\nYou don't need subtlety to write an anthem; even the ones that are subversively tongue-in-cheek are pretty obvious about it. Most of the songs covered in this NPR series are huge: war songs, protest songs, songs that grace Super Bowl stages and national rallies. But there is room for the anthemic in small moments, too\u2014when you're alone in your room and a song is the only thing that's there for you. [... \"Adam's Song\"] is a celebration that means a lot to a lot of people: Not an anthem in the usual sense of the word, more of a reminder.\n\n\nFormats and track listing\nAll songs written by Mark Hoppus and Tom DeLonge, except where noted. Live tracks recorded in November 1999 at the Universal Amphitheatre, Los Angeles, California.\n\n\nCredits and personnel\nCredits adapted from the liner notes for Enema of the State.Locations\n\nRecorded at Signature Sound and Studio West in San Diego, California, Mad Hatter Studios and the Bomb Factory in Los Angeles, California, Conway Recording Studios in Hollywood, California, and Big Fish Studios in Encinitas, California.\nMixed at Conway Recording Studios in Hollywood, California, and South Beach Studios in Miami, Florida.\nMastering at Bernie Grundman Mastering in Hollywood, California.Personnel\n\n\nCharts\n\n\nCertifications\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nCitations\n\n\nBibliography\nHoppus, Anne (October 1, 2001). Blink-182: Tales from Beneath Your Mom. MTV Books / Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7434-2207-4.\nShooman, Joe (2010). Blink 182: The Bands, the Breakdown and the Return. Independent Music Press. ISBN 978-1-906191-10-8.\nBarker, Travis; Edwards, Gavin (2015). Can I Say: Living Large, Cheating Death, and Drums, Drums, Drums. William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-06-231942-5.\n\n\nExternal links\nOfficial music video for \"Adam's Song\" on YouTube"}}}}
part_xaa/abby_leigh
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{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abby_Leigh","to":"Abby Leigh"}],"pages":{"23431465":{"pageid":23431465,"ns":0,"title":"Abby Leigh","extract":"Abby Leigh is an American artist based in New York City. Her work is held in public collections including the Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY; the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY; the Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY; The Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, CA; Houston Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX; among others.\n\n\nWork\nAbby Leigh's work consistently deals with the same themes: the relationship of order and randomness; microcosm and macrocosm; and with what lies beneath the surface, both literally and conceptually. She is deeply engaged with and curious about her materials, which are often unusual, such as drawing with smoke, axes, or sledgehammers. Her most recent sledgehammer series is the culmination of previous investigations in materials, subject matter, and technique. \u201cLeigh\u2019s process begins by beating Dibond aluminum panels with a sledgehammer, covering them with dents and dings. From there she layers oil paint, pigment and wax in a range of near monochromes\u2014pinks, blues, and blacks.\u201d Leigh then scratches the battered surface of the aluminum in a technique that draws comparisons to automatism. \u201cSometimes she paints over and into these forms. Other colors are revealed as she cuts into the glittering metal, which is left exposed.\u201d\nThe labor-intensive process produces visual and tactile variation in each piece. The resulting paintings \u201cbeg for free association,\u201d resembling everything from bacteria floating in water or graffiti, and have been compared to Yayoi Kusama\u2019s engagement of the infinite and the \u201cvisionary abstraction of Arthur Dove.\u201d\nIn a review of Leigh\u2019s sledgehammer paintings, Alfred Mac Adams writes: \u201cunlike banal abstraction this work takes the viewer back to the erotics of landscape, the fetishizing of nature that transforms mountains and trees into voluptuous bodies. Flesh makes us acknowledge the sexual charge latent in traditional landscape painting and in this brilliant reinvention of it. Abby Leigh has created a brave new world for abstract painting.\u201d\nIn earlier bodies of work such as her smoke drawings, Leigh captures the gaseous, ethereal quality of smoke. Jarrett Earnest wrote that they are the some of the \u201cclearest statements of her sensibility and visual ingenuity.\u201d Leigh works to record the smoke\u2019s movement without manipulating it, explaining \u201cI wanted to isolate the smoke and to examine what seemed random but is actually the result of physical forces such as the density of the air.\u201d\n\u201cFor Leigh, pleasures of the mind are always deeply and meaningfully inextricable from the pleasures of the senses.\u201d The contemplative element present in Leigh\u2019s work arises from her inquisitive and analytical nature, as well as physical limitations. As an extremely nearsighted person, Leigh\u2019s experience of the world focuses on things she can engage with up close. A \u201cprofoundly myopic\u201d person, her spatial orientation influences her subject matter and how she depicts it. \u201cI don't have depth perception,\u201d Leigh explains, \u201cso whatever I work on, I see in layers rather than perspective. When I see something, I have to infer where it is in space because it's not evident.\u201d Through her process of examination and artistic intervention, Leigh turns the microscopic into the macroscopic. In her paintings, drawings, and works on paper, there is always more than meets the eye.\n\n\nCareer\nLeigh's early career flourished in Europe, where she showed extensively in France and Italy, as well as Denmark and Belgium, beginning with her exhibit at the Chapelle de P\u00e9nitants Blancs in Vence, France. In the decade following this first solo exhibition in France, Leigh's work was shown in solo exhibitions in Europe thirteen more times, and her career in New York began with a series of solo exhibitions. After 2005, her career shifted to the United States with solo shows at Betty Cuningham Gallery, Stefan Stux Gallery, Johannes Vogt Gallery, among others. When Leigh's first solo exhibition with the Betty Cuningham Gallery opened in 2005, the concentration of her career shifted to the United States, where her solo exhibitions have been concentrated in recent years.\n\n\nEducation and personal life\nLeigh was born and grew up in New York City. She attended Brandeis University where she majored in Theater Studies before receiving a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in Theater at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, England. She enrolled in drawing classes in the Art Students League in New York, where her teacher, Will Barnet, encouraged her to become a painter. Leigh was married to Mitch Leigh (1928\u20132014), the composer/producer. Together, they have two children: Eve Leigh, a playwright, and David Leigh, an opera singer.\n\n\nCollections\nLeigh's work is held in the following public collections:\n\nAccademia dei Georgofili, Uffizi Galleries, Florence, Italy http://www.georgofili.it\nAchenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA https://art.famsf.org\nAlbright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY https://albrightknox.org\nArmand Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, CA https://hammer.ucla.edu\nCitibank, New York, NY\nCollezioni Communali, Bari, Italy\nCollezioni Communali, Sabbioneta, Italy http://www.iatsabbioneta.org\nDavis Museum, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass\nDeloitte & Touche LLP, New York, NY\nThe Farnsworth Museum of Art, Rockland, ME https://collection.farnsworthmuseum.org\nFogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA http://www.harvardartmuseums.org\nGrey Art Gallery, New York University, New York, NY https://greyartgallery.nyu.edu\nGuggenheim Museum, New York, NY https://www.guggenheim.org\nHouston Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX https://www.mfah.org\nHunt Institute of Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA http://www.huntbotanical.org\nIndustrial Solvents Corporation, Rye, NY\nThe Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel http://www.imj.org.il/en\nMetropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY http://www.metmuseum.org\nMuseum of Modern Art, New York, NY https://www.moma.org\nMidts\u00f8nderjyllands Museum, Gram Slot, Gram, Denmark\nMontclair Art Museum, Montclair, NJ https://www.montclairartmuseum.org\nMuseum of Contemporary Art, Issoudun, France https://www.museeissoudun.tv\nProgressive Art Collection, Mayfield Village, OH https://www.progressive.com\nSterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT http://web.library.yale.edu\nThe New York Public Library, New York, NY https://www.nypl.org\nWhitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY http://collection.whitney.org\nYale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT http://artgallery.yale.edu\n\n\nCritical response\nSpeaking about Abby Leigh's \"The Eye is the First Circle,\" a series of painting and ink drawings between 2005 and 2007, Art in America's Susan Rosenberg said \"we might well herald myopia as a condition to be cultivated by 21st-century-artist-visionaries.\"\"What is perhaps most remarkable about the drawings in My Personal Atlas is the balance between the lyrically private and the analytic. The unfolding biomorphic flow of these drawings inevitably evokes the introspective surrealism of an artist like Arshile Gorky\u2026\"\u2014The Brooklyn Rail\"The results resemble\u2026pregnant Robert Ryman canvases that delicately balance the scientific and the artistic\"\u2014Artnews\u201cOne recalls the anthropometry of Yves Klein, those impressions of nude models involving the breasts, the stomach and the sex of the females, which is to say the seat of vital, autonomous functions which escape direct control by the brain: breathing, digestion and orgasm. That fine vitalist manifesto! The diffused humanoid vegetal sexuality that Abby Leigh lets us see is also a hymn to love of life through its essentially primary and autonomous energetic impulses: it is the orgasm of nature in its plenitude, the triumph of planetary eros.\u201d \u2014Pierre Restany\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abel_adelakun_ayoko
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abel_Adelakun_Ayoko","to":"Abel Adelakun Ayoko"}],"pages":{"47992198":{"pageid":47992198,"ns":0,"title":"Abel Adelakun Ayoko","extract":"Abel Adelakun Ayoko is the Nigerian Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Austria and Slovakia.\n\n\nLife\nAyoko was born on 14 February 1957 and holds a master's degree in International Law and Diplomacy. He served at the Nigerian Embassy in Vienna as a Senior Counsellor from 1998 \u2013 2002.\nAyoko was as born in Ondo, Nigeria, graduated at the University of Lagos and he also had Masters from the same university. Ayoko is married with four boys. He has been in the Foreign Service as a diplomat for 32 years and has served in different capacities in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His first posting was to Lusaka in 1987. From there he was cross-posted to Angola in 1989 where he stayed for four years.\nHis job then was to educate young people who were interested in going to school in Namibia and South Africa. Selected pupils were sent to Nigeria to educate them, in an attempt to support these countries during colonial rule. As a young staff officer, he was also involved in political and economic reports, and was in Angola during the war. He was posted back to Nigeria, then later was posted to Vienna, Austria as a younger officer from 1998 to 2002.\nAyoko took up the post of ambassador from Maria Oyeyinka Laose who had served for two years.\nVivian Okeke presented her credentials as the Nigerian ambassador to Austria's President, Dr Alexander Van der Bellen, in October 2017.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abbey_of_saint_bertin
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abbey_of_Saint_Bertin","to":"Abbey of Saint Bertin"}],"pages":{"20011853":{"pageid":20011853,"ns":0,"title":"Abbey of Saint Bertin","extract":"The Abbey of St. Bertin was a Benedictine monastic abbey in Saint-Omer, France. The buildings are now in ruins, which are open to the public. It was initially dedicated to St. Peter but was rededicated to its second abbot, St. Bertin. The abbey is known for its Latin cartulary (Chartularium Sithiense) whose first part is attributed to St. Folquin.\nThe abbey was founded on the banks of the Aa in the 7th century by Bishop Audomar of Th\u00e9rouanne, who is now better known as St. Omer. He sent the monks Bertin, Momelin, and Ebertram from Sithiu (now St-Omer) to proselytize among the pagans in the region. The abbey soon became one of the most influential monasteries in northern Europe and ranked in importance with Elnon (now St-Amand Abbey) and St. Vaast. Its library included the codex of the Leiden Aratea, from which two copies were made. The Annals of St Bertin are an important source of the history of 9th-century France.\nAlready in the 9th century, the abbey had a priory in Poperinge. A Romanesque church was constructed in the mid-11th century. It was 25 m (82 ft) high with a 48-metre-high (157 ft) tower. It included a large 14th-century semi-circular sanctuary with five side-chapels. It served as a model for the church, whose construction was not completed until the beginning of the 16th century.\nBishop Herman of Ramsbury was a monk at the abbey from 1055 to 1058, having abandoned his duties but not his title, which he resumed upon his election as bishop of Sherborne. From 1106, the abbey had the right of appointing the priests at Lissewege and Ruiselede. William Clito was buried here in 1128. The abbey had a 'refuge-house' in the now-demolished Sint-Lodewijkscollege in Bruges.\nThe abbey ceased to flourish after the 13th century, although it survived until its closure during the French Revolution. In 1830, the commune ordered the demolition of the church, though they spared the tower. The buttress they erected to support it is still visible, although the tower itself collapsed in 1947 owing to damage sustained in the shelling of the town during World War II. St-Omer's town hall was constructed with stone removed from the site in 1834.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abid_ali_jaferbhai
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abid_Ali_Jaferbhai","to":"Abid Ali Jaferbhai"}],"pages":{"34344768":{"pageid":34344768,"ns":0,"title":"Abid Ali Jaferbhai","extract":"Abid Ali Jaferbhai (1899/1900 - 26 June 1973) was a leader of Congress(I) from Bombay, Maharashtra.\nHe became a member of the Bombay Legislative Council in 1947. He was a founder member of the Indian National Trade Union Congress and its Vice-President. As such, he was closely related to the Governing Body of the International Labour Office (ILO). For four terms during 3 April 1952 to 3 April 1970 Abid Ali served as member of Rajya Sabha. He was Union Deputy Minister for Labour during 1952-1962.\nHe was born on in 1899 or 1900. He died in 1973 and survived by three sons and one daughter.He was living in Mazgaon, Bombay\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abaviyeh
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"36937491":{"pageid":36937491,"ns":0,"title":"Abaviyeh","extract":"Abaviyeh (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0647, also Romanized as \u2018Ab\u0101v\u012byeh; also known as \u2018Ab\u0101r\u012byeh) is a village in Esmailiyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in 5 families.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abraham_ben_moses_ben_maimon
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abraham_ben_Moses_ben_Maimon","to":"Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon"}],"redirects":[{"from":"Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon","to":"Abraham Maimonides"}],"pages":{"2882418":{"pageid":2882418,"ns":0,"title":"Abraham Maimonides","extract":"Abraham Maimonides (\u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05df \u05e8\u05de\u05d1\"\u05dd; also known as Rabbeinu Avraham ben ha-Rambam, and Avraham Maimuni) (1186 \u2013 December 7, 1237) was the son of Maimonides who succeeded his father as Nagid of the Egyptian Jewish community.\n\n\nBiography\n\nAvraham was born in Fostat, Egypt - his father, Maimonides, was fifty-one years old then. The boy was \"modest, highly refined and unusually good natured\"; he was also noted for his brilliant intellect and even while a youth became known as a great scholar. When his father died in 1204 at the age of sixty-nine, and Avraham was only nineteen, Avraham was recognised as the greatest scholar in his community. Thus, he succeeded Rambam as Nagid (head of the Egyptian Jews), as well as in the office of court physician, at the age of only eighteen. (The office of nagid was held by the Maimonides family for four successive generations until the end of the 14th century). After his appointment, the family of Sar Shalom ben Moses (a bitter rival of Maimonides) attempted to undermine his power by falsely claiming that he attempted to Islamize synagogue liturgy. Rabbi Avraham greatly honored the memory of his father, and defended his writings and works against all critics. Due to his influence, a large Egyptian Karaite community returned to the fold of Rabbinic Judaism. The Jews of Yemen are known to have maintained contact with Rabbi Avraham while he served as head of the Jewish community in Egypt, sending to him some thirteen questions relating to halacha, to which questions he replied in his own succinct way.\n\n\nWorks\nAvraham Maimuni's best known work is his Milhamoth ha-Shem (\"The Book of the Wars for God\"), in which he answers the critics of his father's philosophical doctrines expressed in the Guide for the Perplexed. He had initially avoided entering the controversy over his father's writings, however, when he heard of the alleged burning of his father's books in Montpellier in 1235, he compiled Milchamot HaShem which he addressed to the Hachmei Provence. His principal work is originally composed in Judeo-Arabic and entitled \"\u05db\u05ea\u05d0\u05d1 \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05dc\u05e2\u05d0\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05df\" Kit\u0101b Kif\u0101yah al-`\u0100bid\u012bn (\"A Comprehensive Guide for the Servants of God\"). From the extant surviving portion it is conjectured that Maimuni's treatise was three times as long as his father's Guide for the Perplexed. In the book, Maimuni evinces a great appreciation of and affinity for Sufism (Islamic mysticism). Followers of his path continued to foster a Jewish-Sufi form of pietism for at least a century, and he is rightly considered the founder of this pietistic school.\nHis other works include a commentary on the Torah of which only his commentaries on Genesis and Exodus are now extant, as well as commentaries on parts of his father's Mishneh Torah and on various tractates of the Talmud. He also wrote a work on Halakha (Jewish law), combined with philosophy and ethics (also in Arabic, and arranged after his father's Mishne Torah), as well as a book of Questions & Responsa, more commonly known as Sefer Birkat Avraham. His \"Discourse on the Sayings of the Rabbis\" - discussing aggadah - is often quoted.\nHe also authored various medical works.\n\n\nReferences\n\nRabbi Abraham Maimon Ha-Nagid, Hampstead Garden Suburb Synagogue site\n\n\nExternal links\nDiscourse on the Sayings of the Rabbis (Hebrew) - Translation in wikisource\nHebrew-Arabic Commentary on parts of Genesis and Exodus"}}}}
part_xaa/abdullah_yusuf_ali
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali","to":"Abdullah Yusuf Ali"}],"pages":{"1353188":{"pageid":1353188,"ns":0,"title":"Abdullah Yusuf Ali","extract":"Abdullah Yusuf Ali, CBE, MA, LL.M, FRSA, FRSL (; Urdu: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200e; 14 April 1872 \u2013 10 December 1953) was an Indian-British barrister who wrote a number of books about Islam including an exegesis of the Qur'an. A supporter of the British war effort during World War I, Ali received the CBE in 1917 for his services to that cause. He died in London in 1953.\n\n\nEarly life\n\nAli was born in Bombay, British India, the son of Yusuf Ali Allahbuksh (died 1891), also known as Khan Bahadur Yusuf Ali, originally a Shi'i Isma'ili in the Dawoodi Bohra tradition, who later became a Sunni and who turned his back on the traditional business-based occupation of his community and instead became a Government Inspector of Police. On his retirement, he gained the title Khan Bahadur for public service. As a child, Abdullah Yusuf Ali attended the Anjuman Himayat-ul-Islam school and later studied at the missionary school Wilson College, both in Bombay. He also received a religious education and eventually could recite the entire Qur'an from memory. He spoke both Arabic and English fluently. He concentrated his efforts on the Qur'an and studied the Qur'anic commentaries beginning with those written in the early days of Islamic history. Ali took a first class Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature at the University of Bombay in January 1891 aged 19 and was awarded a Presidency of Bombay Scholarship to study at the University of Cambridge in England.Ali first went to Britain in 1891 to study law at St John's College, Cambridge and after graduating BA and LL.B in 1895 he returned to India in the same year with a post in the Indian Civil Service (ICS), later being called to the Bar in Lincoln's Inn in 1896 in absentia. He received his MA and LL.M in 1901. He married Teresa Mary Shalders (1873\u20131956) at St Peter's Church in Bournemouth in 1900, and with her he had three sons and a daughter: Edris Yusuf Ali (1901\u20131992), Asghar Bloy Yusuf Ali (1902\u20131971), Alban Hyder Yusuf Ali (1904\u2013), and Leila Teresa Ali (1906\u2013). His wife and children settled variously in Tunbridge Wells, St Albans and Norwich while Ali returned to his post in India. He returned to Britain in 1905 on a two-year leave from the ICS and during this period he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and the Royal Society of Literature. Ali first came to public attention in Britain after he gave a lecture at the Royal Society of Arts in London in 1906, organised by his mentor Sir George Birdwood. Another mentor was Lord James Meston, formerly Lieutenant Governor of the United Provinces, who, when he was made Finance Member of the Government of India appointed Ali to positions in various districts in India which also involved two short periods as acting Under Secretary (1907) and then Deputy Secretary (1911\u201312) in the Finance Department of the Government of India.\n\n\nFamily and career\n\nKhizar Humayun Ansari, his biographer on the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, wrote of Ali:\n\nAbdullah Yusuf Ali belonged to the group of Indian Muslims from professional families who were concerned with rank and status. In pursuit of his aspiration for influence, deference, if not outright obsequiousness, became a central feature of his relationship with the British. During the formative phase of his life he mingled mainly in upper-class circles, assiduously cultivating relations with members of the English \u00e9lite. He was particularly impressed by the apparently genteel behaviour and cordiality of those with whom he associated, and, as a result, became an incorrigible Anglophile. His marriage to Teresa Shalders according to the rites of the Church of England, his hosting of receptions for the good and the great, his taste for Hellenic artefacts and culture and fascination for its heroes, his admiration for freemasonry in India as a way of bridging the racial and social divide, and his advocacy of the dissemination of rationalist and modernist thought through secular education were all genuine attempts to assimilate into British society.\n\nHis constant travelling between India and Britain took its toll on his marriage and his wife Teresa Mary Shalders was unfaithful to him and gave birth to an illegitimate child in 1910, causing him to divorce her in 1912 and gaining custody of their four children, whom he left with a governess in England. However, his children rejected him and on future visits to London during the 1920s and 1930s he stayed at the National Liberal Club. In 1914 Ali resigned from the ICS and settled in Britain where he became a Trustee of the Shah Jehan Mosque in Woking and in 1921 became a Trustee of the fund to build the East London Mosque. With the outbreak of World War I, unlike many Muslims in Britain who felt uncomfortable with supporting the British war effort against fellow Muslims of the Ottoman Empire, Ali was an enthusiastic supporter of the Indian contribution to the war effort, to that end writing articles, giving public speeches and undertaking a lecture tour of Scandinavia and was appointed a CBE in 1917 for his services to that cause. In the same year he joined the staff of the School of Oriental Studies as a lecturer in Hindustani.He married Gertrude Anne Mawbey (1895\u20131984) in 1920, and she having taken the Muslim name 'Masuma' returned with him to India to escape the harassment the couple suffered from Ali's children from his first marriage, who resented him and his new wife. In his will Ali specifically mentioned his second son Asghar Bloy Yusuf Ali who \"has gone so far as to abuse, insult, vilify and persecute me from time to time.\"With Mawbey he had a son, Rashid (born 1922/3), but this marriage too ended in failure. He was a respected intellectual in India and Sir Muhammad Iqbal recruited him to be the Principal of Islamia College in Lahore, serving from 1925 to 1927 and again from 1935 to 1937. He was also a Fellow and syndic of the University of the Punjab (1925\u20138 and 1935\u20139) and a member of the Punjab University Enquiry Committee (1932\u201333). Among his publications were Muslim Educational Ideals (1923), Fundamentals of Islam (1929), Moral Education: Aims and Methods (1930), Personality of Man in Islam (1931), and The Message of Islam (1940). However, his best known scholarly work is his translation into English and commentary of the Qur'an, the Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary (1934\u20138; revised edition 1939\u201340), which remains one of the two most widely used English versions (the other being the translation by Marmaduke Pickthall). He served on the Indian delegation to the League of Nations Assembly in 1928.\n\n\nLater years\n\nIn December 1938 while on tour to promote his translation, Ali helped to open the Al-Rashid Mosque, the third mosque in North America, in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In 1947 Ali was among many Indians who returned to India after Independence to take up political posts. However, for him the move was not a success and he returned to London where he became increasingly frail in mind and body, living in isolation ignored by both his family and the British establishment he had previously associated with. Of no fixed abode, Ali spent most of the last decade of his life either living in the National Liberal Club, in the Royal Commonwealth Society or wandering about the streets of London and living in poverty despite having \u00a320,578 16s 3d in the bank. On 9 December 1953 Ali was found destitute and in a bewildered condition in a doorway in Westminster by the police who took him to Westminster Hospital. He was discharged the following day and was taken in by a London County Council home for the elderly in Dovehouse Street in Chelsea. Here he suffered a heart attack on 10 December and was rushed to St Stephen's Hospital in Fulham where he died alone the same day.No relatives claimed the body but Ali was known to the Pakistan High Commission; they arranged his funeral and burial in the Muslim section at Brookwood Cemetery near Woking.\n\n\nAli's Quran translation\n\nThere have been 30 printed versions of his Quran translation. In Saudi Arabia, the state-sponsored Presidency of Islamic Researches, has modified the original Yusuf Ali translation. The Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project, whose \"particular emphasis [is] on the Twelver Shi'ah Islamic school of thought\", has analysed printings of Ali's translations to ascertain whether they have maintained Ali's understandings of the original Arabic text. They have determined there have been changes.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nWorks by Abdullah Yusuf Ali at Project Gutenberg\nWorks by or about Abdullah Yusuf Ali at Internet Archive"}}}}
part_xaa/abdulqader_hikmat
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdulqader_Hikmat","to":"Abdulqader Hikmat"}],"pages":{"18897194":{"pageid":18897194,"ns":0,"title":"Abdulqader Hikmat","extract":"Abdulqader Hikmat Sarhan (born August 19, 1987) is a male Qatari Taekwondo practitioner. He won the gold medal in the welterweight category (-78 kg) at the 2006 Asian Games, and competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.\nHowever he lost in his first match against Rashad Ahmadov (Azerbaijan) at Beijing.\n\n\nExternal links\nAbdulqader Hikmat at NBC Olympics website\nAbdulqader Hikmat at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)\nAbdulqader Hikmat A SARHAN at the International Olympic Committee\nAbdulqader Hikmat A SARHAN at Olympics.com"}}}}
part_xaa/abraham_elder_stone_house
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abraham_Elder_Stone_House","to":"Abraham Elder Stone House"}],"pages":{"33699256":{"pageid":33699256,"ns":0,"title":"Abraham Elder Stone House","extract":"Abraham Elder Stone House is a historic home located at Halfmoon Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The first section was built in 1808 and a second phase of construction took place in 1832. It is a 2+1\u20442-story, five bay limestone building. The center entrance features an elliptical stone arch with a fanlight, and a door with sidelights. The house served as a tavern stand for many years on the Bellefonte-Pittsburgh Turnpike.It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.Abraham Elder one of the first settlers in Half Moon. He came from Franklin County in 1784, finding an abandoned cabin and staying there for the summer. The following fall, Elder returned to his wife Susanna (n\u00e9e Ardery) and two children in Franklin County, and they returned in the spring of 1785, along with Elder's brother, David. He built a log cabin afterward, before it was replaced with the present stone structure.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_loewen
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_Loewen","to":"Adam Loewen"}],"pages":{"1552585":{"pageid":1552585,"ns":0,"title":"Adam Loewen","extract":"Adam Alexander Loewen (born April 9, 1984) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher and outfielder. He pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles from 2006 to 2008, before converting to a position player and playing with the Toronto Blue Jays in 2011. After spending the next two seasons in the minors as a position player, Loewen converted back to being a pitcher, and was called up to the Philadelphia Phillies in August 2015. He pitched for the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2016.\nThough there have been full-time pitchers who have converted to full-time position players, and vice versa, Loewen's three stage career (converting from full-time pitcher to full-time position player and back to full-time pitcher) is unique in major league history.\n\n\nBiography\nLoewen grew up in Surrey, British Columbia, and was both a starting pitcher and first baseman for Kennedy-Surrey Little League, the team that represented Canada at the 1996 Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He would go on to attend Fraser Valley Christian High School and play baseball for the Whalley Chiefs of the British Columbia Premier Baseball League. He committed to play college baseball at Arizona State. While still in high school, he pitched a no-hitter against the Dominican Summer League Pirates for the Canadian national baseball team.\n\n\nProfessional career\n\n\nBaltimore Orioles\nLoewen was selected with the fourth overall pick of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft by the Baltimore Orioles. This was the highest a Canadian player had ever been drafted until righthander Jameson Taillon was drafted second overall by the Pittsburgh Pirates (though he remains the highest Canadian-born player ever picked, as Taillon was born the child of Canadian nationals in Florida).\nLoewen went on to play one season with Chipola College, but signed a Major League Baseball contract with Baltimore worth $4.02 million shortly thereafter. In 2004, he was named their top prospect by Baseball America. However, by early 2006, he had been downgraded to the team's second best prospect.\nLoewen garnered international attention on March 8, 2006, when he started for Canada against the star-studded United States team in the first round of the World Baseball Classic. In 32\u20443 shutout innings, Loewen held veterans Chipper Jones, Mark Teixeira, Vernon Wells, and Derrek Lee hitless. He ended up earning the win as Canada won the game 8\u20136.During the 2006 season, Loewen was called up by the Orioles. In his first four Major League starts, he faced three former Cy Young Award winners: Randy Johnson, Tom Glavine and Roy Halladay, whom he faced twice. This made Loewen the first pitcher in Major League Baseball history to face Cy Young winners in his first four starts. He was injured early in the 2007 season, suffering a stress fracture to his pitching elbow, and was later placed on the 60-day disabled list in May.Loewen began to develop control problems during spring training, where he led the Majors in walks, with 19 in just over 16 innings. His lack of control did not cease during the early stages of the regular season, and after experiencing soreness in his left arm throughout April, Loewen was placed on the disabled list and missed the next two months of the season. Although he was subsequently converted into a relief pitcher when he returned in July, he experienced a sharp pain in his surgically repaired elbow. This injury, diagnosed as a stress fracture, eventually caused him to prematurely end his season. Loewen announced on July 19 that he would no longer be a pitcher due to his chronic injuries, and that he would convert to an outfielder/first baseman. He temporarily ended his pitching career with a lifetime 8\u20138 record, with an earned run average of 5.38 and 134 strikeouts; he would return to pitching in 2014, as recounted below.\n\n\nTransition to position player\n\nDue to the nature of his injury and his inability to remain as a pitcher, Loewen had the Orioles' support when he made the decision to transition to a position player. His contract stipulated that he was required to remain with the big league club on its active roster at this stage in his career. As Loewen would need time in the minors to learn a new position and pick up batting experience, both sides agreed on October 20, 2008 that Loewen would be released from his contract. Both sides had talked about re-signing him to a minor league contract though no formal agreement was ever reached. The Orioles had hoped to develop Loewen to play at first base but were also actively in the market to sign free agent first basemen. Loewen reportedly received several offers from other teams, and signed a minor-league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. After attending minor-league spring training with the Jays, Loewen was assigned to the Dunedin Blue Jays on April 9, 2009.During 2011 with Triple-A Las Vegas, Loewen batted .306 with 17 home runs and 85 RBI in 134 games, which also saw him play all three outfield positions as well as first base.\n\n\nToronto Blue Jays\nLoewen was called up to the Blue Jays on September 6, 2011, marking his first trip back to the majors since becoming a position player. Loewen made his position player debut on September 7, against the Boston Red Sox. He recorded his first career hit in the eighth inning, against reliever Daniel Bard.\nIn a game against his former team, the Baltimore Orioles, on September 11, Loewen hit his first career home run, a solo shot over the centre field wall off starter Tommy Hunter.\n\n\nNew York Mets\nOn November 22, 2011, Loewen signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets. He spent most of the 2012 season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, batting .227 with eight home runs and 27 RBI in 63 games.\n\n\nReturn to the Toronto Blue Jays\nThe Toronto Blue Jays announced on January 12, 2013 that Loewen had been signed to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. Initially, Loewen was to start the 2013 season with the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats; however, on April 2, Loewen was promoted to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, where he played during 2012 in the Mets farm system. On April 11, Loewen was sent down to Double-A New Hampshire. In 115 games with New Hampshire, he hit .269 with 15 home runs and 60 RBI.\n\n\nPhiladelphia Phillies and return to pitching\nOn April 16, 2014, Loewen signed a two-year minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies as a pitcher. The team sent him to extended spring training. He made two starts in May for the High-A Clearwater Threshers before being promoted to the Double-A Reading Fightin Phils.On August 7, 2015, Loewen was called up by the Phillies from the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs.\n\n\nArizona Diamondbacks\nOn October 30, 2015, Loewen signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks. On July 30, 2016, the Diamondbacks brought Loewen up from the Triple-A Reno Aces as a pitcher. He was designated for assignment on August 15.\n\n\nTexas Rangers\nOn February 13, 2017, Loewen signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017. On January 12, 2018, Loewen re-signed with the Rangers. On May 31, 2018, Loewen was released by the Rangers after spending the beginning of 2018 with the Triple-A Round Rock Express.\n\n\nNew Britain Bees\nOn June 26, 2018, Loewen signed with the New Britain Bees of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became a free agent following the 2018 season.\n\n\nInternational career\nHe was selected Canada national baseball team at the 2006 World Baseball Classic, 2009 Baseball World Cup 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2019 Pan American Games Qualifier and 2019 WBSC Premier12.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\n\nCareer statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or Retrosheet\nThe Last Word (profile)"}}}}
part_xaa/achaea_trapezoides
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Achaea_trapezoides","to":"Achaea trapezoides"}],"pages":{"24467637":{"pageid":24467637,"ns":0,"title":"Achaea trapezoides","extract":"Achaea trapezoides is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in South Africa and on R\u00e9union.\nAchille Guen\u00e9e described this species with a wingspan of 52 mm.Their caterpillars feed on Euphorbiaceae, Acalpha species and Ricinus communis. They have also been observed on roses\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/acts_of_faith
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Acts_of_Faith","to":"Acts of Faith"}],"pages":{"10308940":{"pageid":10308940,"ns":0,"title":"Acts of Faith","extract":"American novelist Philip Caputo has also written a novel named \"Acts of Faith\"Acts of Faith is the 1985 novel written by Rajiva Wijesinha. The book is the first in a trilogy that was followed by Days of Despair in 1987 and concludes with 2005's The Limits of Love.\n\n\nPlot summary\nBy Using the 1983 race riots in Sri Lanka as a background, Acts of Faith explores social and political issues which characterize Sri Lanka and other Asian nations. The book provides a satirical critique of observed state-incited violence, manipulation of the media, caste and class rivalries.\nAt the same time, underneath the racy humour there is a close attention to personal motivations, particularly in terms of the family structures that dominate such societies.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_architecture
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"ADAM_Architecture","to":"ADAM Architecture"}],"pages":{"34120229":{"pageid":34120229,"ns":0,"title":"ADAM Architecture","extract":"ADAM Architecture is a UK based, international architecture and urban design practice with offices in Winchester and London. It specialises in contemporary traditional and classical design, commonly known as New Classical Architecture.Work includes new town and country homes; restoration, and alterations to listed and historic buildings; master planning, and urban extensions.Dan Cruickshank is a historic building consultant.\n\n\nHistory\nThe practice was founded in 1992 by Robert Adam as Robert Adam Architects. He retired from the firm in 2020, and it is run in 2022 by Nigel Anderson, Hugh Petter, George Saumarez Smith, Robbie Kerr, Darren Price and Robert Cox.\n\n\nNotable projects\nNansledan, for the Duchy of Cornwall\nChettle House restoration, (2020)\nPortico at The Oval, (2013)\nMillennium Gate Atlanta, (2008)\nStocks House renovation, (2008)\nRAF Bentley Priory restoration and redevelopment, (2013)\nBritish School at Rome gallery and lecture theatre, (2002)\nPoundbury residential and comercial buildings\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\n Media related to ADAM Architecture at Wikimedia Commons\nADAM Architecture official website"}}}}
part_xaa/abu'l-asha'ir_ahmad_ibn_nasr
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abu'l-Asha'ir_Ahmad_ibn_Nasr","to":"Abu'l-Asha'ir Ahmad ibn Nasr"}],"pages":{"44628887":{"pageid":44628887,"ns":0,"title":"Abu'l-Asha'ir Ahmad ibn Nasr","extract":"Abu'l-Asha'ir Ahmad ibn Nasr (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631) (died 2 November 906) was a military commander for the Abbasid Caliphate and the governor of Tarsus from March 903 to August 905.\n\n\nLife\nAbu'l-Asha'ir was appointed to the post of governor (wali or amir) of Tarsus and of the Cilician border zone (ath-thughur ash-Shamiya) with the Byzantine Empire on 22 March 903, succeeding Muzaffar ibn Hajj. He set out from Baghdad on 12 May in direction of the border, accompanied by troops as well as by gifts from Caliph al-Muktafi to the Byzantine emperor Leo VI the Wise.In late summer or autumn of 904, he mediated for the conclusion of a truce and a prisoner exchange with the Byzantines, to take place in the next year. In the meantime, however, the Byzantine general Andronikos Doukas invaded Arab territory and sacked Marash (Germanikeia), leading to Abu'l-Asha'ir's dismissal and replacement by Rustam ibn Baradu.In 906 Abu'l-Asha'ir was killed when his pilgrimage caravan was attacked by Qarmatians at al-Aqaba along the Mecca Road.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nSources\nLilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013). Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt (in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.\nRosenthal, Franz, ed. (1985). The History of al-\u1e6cabar\u012b, Volume XXXVIII: The Return of the Caliphate to Baghdad: The Caliphates of al-Mu\u02bfta\u1e0did, al-Muktaf\u012b and al-Muqtadir, A.D. 892\u2013915/A.H. 279\u2013302. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-876-9.\nStern, S. M. (1960). \"The Coins of Thamal and of Other Governors of Tarsus\". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 80 (3): 217\u2013225. doi:10.2307/596170. JSTOR 596170."}}}}
part_xaa/absaroka-beartooth_wilderness
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Absaroka-Beartooth_Wilderness","to":"Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness"}],"redirects":[{"from":"Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness","to":"Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness"}],"pages":{"2263757":{"pageid":2263757,"ns":0,"title":"Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness","extract":"Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness was created from existing National Forest lands in 1978 and is located in Montana and Wyoming, United States. The wilderness is partly in Gallatin, Custer and Shoshone National Forests and is composed of 944,000 acres (3,820 km2). The wilderness encompasses two distinct mountain ranges, namely the Beartooth and Absaroka ranges. These ranges are completely distinct geologically speaking with the Absarokas composed primarily of volcanic (or extrusive) and metamorphic rock, while the Beartooths are made up almost entirely of granitic rocks. The Absarokas are noted for their dark and craggy appearance, lush and heavily forested valleys and abundant wildlife. The highest peak in the range, located in Wyoming, is Francs Peak at 13,153 feet (4,009 m). The Beartooths are more alpine with huge treeless plateaus and the highest peak in the state of Montana (Granite Peak 12,799 feet (3,901 m)). The wilderness contains 30 peaks over 12,000 feet (3,700 m). The wilderness is an integral part of the 20-million-acre (81,000 km2) Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and borders Yellowstone National Park.\nWilderness areas do not allow motorized or mechanical equipment including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are allowed with proper permit, no roads or buildings are constructed and there is also no logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness areas within National Forests and Bureau of Land Management areas also allow hunting in season.\nThere are 700 miles (1,100 km) of trails in the wilderness, hundreds of lakes, a few dozen streams and a similar number of small glaciers can be found in the wilderness. The forests are dominated by various species of spruce, fir and pine while in the Beartooth Mountains, due to the altitude, tundra conditions often prevail. The Beartooths have the largest unbroken area of land in excess of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in altitude in the U.S. outside of Alaska. Animals found in the wilderness include bald eagles and yellowstone cutthroat trout and the threatened grizzly bear and lynx as well as the gray wolf.\nAccess to the wilderness is difficult but can be achieved via the Beartooth Highway US 212 from Red Lodge, Montana. There are also some forest access roads from the west off of US 89 south from Livingston, Montana.\n\n\nHighlights\n\nThe Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness is full of beautiful landscapes. Below are some of the highlights:\n\nEast Rosebud \u2013 Many avid hikers say that \"East Rosebud is the most scenic valley of all.\" It is filled with lakes and waterfalls that would be major tourism draws anywhere else. In fact, there are so many different waterfalls and lakes within this valley that many of them have yet to be named. Slough Lake is found within the East Rosebud valley. Slough Lake is accessed by following the Phantom Creek Trail, which can also be used to access Granite Peak, which has an elevation of 12,799 feet (3,901 m) above sea level, and is the highest peak in Montana.\nMystic Lake \u2013 the deepest lake in the Beartooth Mountains. It has the largest sandy beach in the Beartooths and is a wonderful destination for a day hike. The Montana Power Company does utilize the power of this large lake, and they do have a dam present, but they do as much as possible to maintain the wilderness. Mystic Lake supports a rainbow trout fishery, and the fishing is usually great when the fish are feeding. Hiking the trail up 3 miles (4.8 km) to Mystic Lake provides great views of West Rosebud Valley and a few other lakes.\n\n\nBeartooth Panic\nRegretfully, many visitors to the wilderness area are ill-prepared for hiking through wilderness areas. \"Beartooth Panic\" often comes to people who like the idea of wilderness exposure, but are unprepared for the lack of Cell site and Wi-Fi. Many people give up and expect helicopters to be sent out to them to pick them up and take them back to their cars. Others become disoriented, and helpless, when their Global Positioning System, cell phones and laptops don't work. Many carry maps and a compass, but don't know how to use them. \"Traditionally, wilderness has been used by those individuals willing to test the very substance of their body and soul. In the wilderness, humans are still at the mercy of natural forces. If you do not have innate survival skills, combined with the right training, you can be eaten by a bear or die in a storm. These risks were understood and accepted in the past. But that spirit seems foreign to a new breed of \"outdoorsmen\" who embrace the appearance but not the substance of adventure.\"\n\n\nSee also\nList of U.S. Wilderness Areas\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nFurther reading\nAbsaroka Beartooth Task Force. The Proposed Absaroka Beartooth Wilderness: A Wilderness Analysis and Management Recommendation. Bozeman, Mont: [ABTF], 1971.\nBeartooth Publishing. Absaroka Beartooth Wilderness, Montana, Wyoming, Outdoor Recreation Map: Hike, Mountain Bike, Horseback, Dirt Bike, ATV, Fish, Hunt. 2015.\nColeman, Mervin D. Beartooth Country: The Absaroka and Beartooth Ranges. Helena, MT: Farcountry Press, 2012.\nSchneider, Bill, and Richard K. Stiff. Hiking the Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness. Guilford, Conn: Falcon, 2015.\nSilkwood, J.T. and G.N. Green. (2000). Generalized geologic map of the Absaroka\u2013Beartooth study area, south-central Montana [U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies; Map MF-2338]. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.\nUnited States. A Proposal, Beartooth Wilderness, Custer and Gallatin National Forests, Montana. [Missoula, Mont]: Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1974.\nUnited States. Absaroka Beartooth Wilderness, Custer, Gallatin, and Shoshone National Forests, Montana and Wyoming: 1988. [Missoula]: The Office, 1988.\nWalcott, Francis J., and Rick Amorose. Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness Study. [San Francisco?]: Sierra Club, 1973. Notes: \"A report on the wilderness studies of the Absaroka and Beartooth Primitive Areas and adjacent lands, conducted during the past several years by the Sierra Club. From the Wilderness Committee, Sierra Club.\"\nWild resurrection: the untold story of the Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness. 2018. DVD. Abstract: The history of the Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness in Montana.\n\n\nExternal links\n\"Absaroka\u2013Beartooth Wilderness\". The National Wilderness Preservation System. Wilderness.net. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-16.\n\"USGS Cooke City (MT, WY) Topo Map Quad\". TopoQuest. Retrieved 2008-06-29.\n\"Wilderness Legislation: The Wilderness Act of 1964\". The National Wilderness Preservation System. Wilderness.net. Archived from the original on 11 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-16."}}}}
part_xaa/aaron_robinson
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aaron_Robinson","to":"Aaron Robinson"}],"pages":{"67614059":{"pageid":67614059,"ns":0,"title":"Aaron Robinson","extract":"Aaron Robinson may refer to:\n\nAaron Robinson (baseball) (1915\u20131966), American baseball player\nAaron Robinson (composer) (born 1970), American composer\nAaron Robinson (American football) (born 1998), American football cornerback"}}}}
part_xaa/adelma_vay
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adelma_Vay","to":"Adelma Vay"}],"pages":{"20922589":{"pageid":20922589,"ns":0,"title":"Adelma Vay","extract":"Baroness Adelma Vay or von Vay, also Vay de Vaya (born Countess Adelaide von Wurmbrand-Stuppach; October 21, 1840 \u2013 May 24, 1925), was a medium and pioneer of spiritualism in Slovenia and Hungary.\n\n\nLife and work\nVay was the elder daughter of Count Ernst von Wurmbrand-Stuppach and his wife, Countess Rosa Teleki von Sz\u00e9k (later wife of Friedrich, Prince of Solms-Baruth).\nShe was born at Tarnopol, Galicia, today Ternopil, Ukraine, where her father Count Ernst von Wurmbrand-Stuppach was serving as first lieutenant in the local garrison. In her early youth, she lived on the family estate near Schwarzau, Lower Austria. Her father died in 1846; when her mother married again in 1851, she left Austria and moved with her to Prussia for 10 years.On March 12, 1860, she married baron \u00d6d\u00f6n (Edmond, Eugen or Otto) Vay de Vaya, a Hungarian magnate. They enjoyed 60 years of marriage, but without having children. The couple lived at first at Tiszal\u00f6k for some years, near the Hungarian-Ukrainian border, and later moved to Slovenske Konjice (Gonobitz), where they bought a mansion at Prevrat, still known as \"Baronvaj\" (\"Baron Vay's\").\u00d6d\u00f6n was a retired senior officer of the Austro-Hungarian army. On August 9, 1877, the Militar-Veteranen-Verein in Gonobitz (Association of Army Veterans in Gonobitz) was founded, primarily for ex-soldiers regardless of nationality. The association's first president was Hugo Veriand von Windisch-Graetz, and his deputy was Vay de Vaya.The couple were both members of the local Red Cross Society committee, which in 1897 built a hospital named the Christiane-Lazarett after Christiane Habsburg, president of the Austro-Hungarian Red Cross Society. Baron Vay de Vaya decided in 1908 to have another building constructed (at his own cost) specifically for infectious disease patients. The hospital continued in operation until the beginning of World War II.Adelma was well known as a great humanitarian, and never charged for her medical advice and assistance.\n\nOn March 1, 1921, \u00d6d\u00f6n died at Mali Lo\u0161inj, where the couple had a summer villa. After his death, the widowed Adelma continued to live in the mansion, surrounded by servants. She died on May 24, 1925 at her home. Although she was a Lutheran, Franc Hrastelj, the priest of the Catholic parish, approved her burial in the churchyard of St. Anna's in Slovenske Konjice.\n\n\nSpiritualism\nAdelma had the reputation of possessing mystical powers, probably inherited from her mother. She was reputed to have prophetic gifts and to be clairvoyant. She wrote, spoke and drew in an apparent trance-like state. She was a homeopath and attempted to cure people using magnetism.In 1873, she and her husband founded the Verein spiriter Forscher (Hungarian Spiritualist Association), of which they became the first presidents.In An Encyclopaedia of Occultism (1920) by Lewis Spence (1874\u20131955), she was noted as the initiator of spiritualism in Austria-Hungary.\nAdelma von Vay once described her book Spirit, Power and Matter as an example of pure Christian Spiritualism. The newly formed association was not thought of as a dogmatic Spiritualistic sect but was anchored in a framework of Christian religion, stated by its association's statutes.\n\n\nPublications\nVay was author of many books, written in German and translated into English:\n\nGeist-Kraft-Stoff (Spirit, Power, and Matter) (1869), Spirit, Power, and Matter\nStudien \u00fcber die Geisterwelt (Studies on the Spirit World), (1874)\nFrom My Life (1900)\nPictures from the Beyond (1905)\nDie Sph\u00e4ren zwischen der Erde und Sonne (The Spheres between the Earth and the Sun)\n\n\nNotes\n\n\nSources\nBoldin Aleksandra, Ciglene\u010dki Jan: Adelma von Vay, The Mysterious Baroness from Konjice, 2012. Slovenske Konjice COBISS 264420096\n\u017didov, Nena, nd: An overview of the history of homeopathy in Slovenia in the 19th century in: Medizin, Gesellschaft und Geschichte 23 (2004), pp. 181\u2013198.\nPataky Sophie, Lexikon deutscher Frauen der Feder (Berlin, 1898), II, 387, in German\nO\u017einger Anton, Pajk Ivan, 1996: Konji\u0161ko ob 850-letnici pra\u017eupnije. Slovenske Konjice COBISS 38788353, in Slovene\nVay, Adelma von, 1869 transl. 2011: Duh, sila, snov. Ljubljana, KUD Logos COBISS 259351040, in Slovene\n\n\nExternal links\nAn overwiew of the history of homeopathy in Slovenia in the 19th century\nBaronin Adelma Vay - Ihr Leben und Wirken (in German)\nChristentum und Spiritualismus (in German)\nAdelma Vay's correspondence quest"}}}}
part_xaa/abdullah_haroon
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdullah_Haroon","to":"Abdullah Haroon"}],"pages":{"38849147":{"pageid":38849147,"ns":0,"title":"Abdullah Haroon","extract":"Sir Abdullah Haroon (1 January 1872 \u2013 27 April 1942) (Urdu: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u06c1\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646) (also spelled Seth Haji Sir Abdoola Haroon) was an Indian politician and businessman who made major contributions towards developing and defining the role of Muslims in economic, educational, social and political fields in the Indian subcontinent.\n\n\nEarly life and political career\nAbdullah Haroon was born into a Kutchi Memon family. He lost his father at an early age of four and was raised by his grandmother who was a deeply religious lady. Early in his life, he worked as an 'assistant bicycle repairman' for 4 annas (quarter of an Indian rupee). He deeply believed in the dignity of labor. Then in 1896, at the age of 24, he started his own business as a small merchant in Karachi. He soon became very successful and was called Sindh's 'Sugar King' by his contemporaries due to his business trades in sugar.In 1901, he developed an interest in politics. He first became a member of the Karachi Municipality from May 1913 to September 1916. Again he was a member of this body from 1 May 1921 to 21 August 1934.Abdullah Haroon first joined the Indian National Congress party in 1917 and started to participate in the Independence movement of India. Soon he was disenchanted with the policies of the Congress party of India and joined the All-India Muslim League party and remained its strong supporter till his death. In 1919, he became president of the Khilafat Committee of Sindh, a branch of the larger Khilafat Movement of India under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jouhar.He also served as president of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League from 1920 to 1930.In 1930, he attended the All-India Muslim Conference and in the same year, he formed the Sind United Party on the pattern of the Unionist Party (Punjab) which called for the separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency, which then actually took place in April 1936 after the enactment of the Government of India Act, 1935. Abdullah Haroon joined the All-India Muslim League in 1937. Although his party won a plurality of seats in the 1937 provincial elections, it was not able to form the government as its leaders like Haroon and Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto failed to be elected. He was knighted by King George VI in the 1937 Coronation Honours list and came to be known as Sir Abdullah Haroon.Meanwhile the decline of the Sind United Party led him to organize the Muslim League in Sindh in 1938 and he was elected its president in 1939.In October 1938, with the help of Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi and Pir Ali Muhammad Rashidi, he organised the First Sind Provincial Muslim League Conference in Karachi, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah presiding. Participation in this conference was from all over India. Haroon headed the Reception Committee and his welcome address, which set the tone for the conference, was considered quite radical at the time. His warning was that, \"We have nearly arrived at the parting of the ways and...it will be impossible to save India from being divided into Hindu India and Muslim India, both placed under separate federation\". This also prepared the ground for adoption of the Lahore Resolution in March 1940.Later he also was a member of the Muslim League Working Committee that drafted and endorsed the 'Pakistan Resolution' on behalf of all Muslims of Sindh at the 27th Session of the Muslim League at Lahore on 23 March 1940.\n\n\nDeath and legacy\nAbdullah Haroon died on 27 April 1942 in Karachi. He had donated ten thousand rupees to the Muslim League at Allahabad in 1942. He was a philanthropist and active in social welfare projects throughout his life and contributed to many charitable institutions. According to Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust, ...\"he had given away a princely sum of Rs 88,961 to charities, which would be equivalent to about Rs 10 million today\".The Pakistan Post also had issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honour in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.\nAbdullah Haroon was widely considered to be so honest in his conduct with people that even Mahatma Gandhi\nhad remarked about him, \"I will trust this man with a blank cheque\".There is a major street named after him in Saddar, Karachi called Abdullah Haroon Road. Its former name was Victoria Road and an official residence of Prime Minister of Pakistan, 10 Victoria Road, was located there.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abner_pastoll
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abner_Pastoll","to":"Abner Pastoll"}],"pages":{"29172115":{"pageid":29172115,"ns":0,"title":"Abner Pastoll","extract":"Abner Pastoll (born 12 February 1982) is a British-South African film director, screenwriter, and editor, born in South Africa, where his family used to own a two-screen cinema.\n\n\nBackground\nAbner started making films at the age of 4, inspired primarily by his family's cinema, and his father's film and video equipment. He originally thought he wanted to become an actor, but soon discovered he preferred being behind the camera. He grew up in London.\n\n\nCareer\nHis directorial work includes A Good Woman Is Hard to Find (2018), Getaway Driver (2017) and Road Games (2015). He is co-founder of production company February Films, which he runs with producer Junyoung Jang (co-producer of Korean film The Host).\nIn the summer of 2014, he shot the France-UK co-production Road Games (aka Fausse Route), starring Andrew Simpson, Jos\u00e9phine de La Baume, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Pierrot and genre legend Barbara Crampton. The film has been described as a 'taut Euro thriller'. It world premiered in August 2015 at FrightFest in London, and was released theatrically in the US on 4 March 2016 by IFC Films to an overall positive reaction. Bloody Disgusting called it \"a wonderful thriller; a layered character-driven narrative with great writing and equally-great tension \u2013 a very pleasant surprise.\" The film currently retains an 83% Fresh position on Rotten Tomatoes.\nOn 8 March 2017 it was announced on Deadline Hollywood that Abner is to direct the crime-thriller A Good Woman Is Hard to Find from a script by Academy Award nominee and BAFTA winner Ronan Blaney, and starring Sarah Bolger. Filming completed in December 2017.One of his next known though as yet untitled projects has been described as a \"kick-ass, sarcastic\" action-thriller set in the Arizona desert.\n\n\nFilmography\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAbner Pastoll at IMDb"}}}}
part_xaa/aaron_zagory
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aaron_Zagory","to":"Aaron Zagory"}],"pages":{"-1":{"ns":0,"title":"Aaron Zagory","missing":""}}}}
part_xaa/abdullah_al-marri
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdullah_Al-Marri","to":"Abdullah Al-Marri"}],"pages":{"52568678":{"pageid":52568678,"ns":0,"title":"Abdullah Al-Marri","extract":"Abdullah Hamad Al-Marri (Arabic:\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a) (born 3 June 1995) is a Qatari footballer who plays as a midfielder for Qatari club Al-Sailiya.\n\n\nExternal links\nAbdullah Al-Marri at Soccerway"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_gondvi
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_Gondvi","to":"Adam Gondvi"}],"pages":{"52067649":{"pageid":52067649,"ns":0,"title":"Adam Gondvi","extract":"Adam Gondvi (born Ram Nath Singh; 22 October 1947 \u2013 18 December 2011) was an Indian poet from Atta Paraspur, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh. He wrote poetry in Hindi, highlighting the plight of marginalized castes, Dalits, impoverished people. Born in a poor farmer family, However, they had considerable arable land. Gondvi's poetry was known for social commentary, scathing view of corrupt politicians and revolutionary in nature.In 1998, Madhya Pradesh government awarded him with Dushyant Kumar Prize. In 2007 he was awarded Maati Ratan Samman by Shaheed Shodha Sansthan for his contributions to Awadhi/Hindi. Gondvi died on 18 December 2011 in Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow due to stomach ailments.His poetry collections Dharti Ki Satah Par (Surface of the earth) and Samay Se Muthbhed (Encounter with time) are quite popular.Some of his well-known poems are - \n\nTumhari filon mein gaaon ka mausam gulaabi hai\nMain chamaaro ki gali tak le chaloonga aapko, aaiye mehsoos kijiye\nKaju bhuni plate mein, whiskey bhari gilaas mein\n\n\nReferences\n\nAdam Gondvi Kavita/Ghazal/Poetry (Hindi)"}}}}
part_xaa/abd_as-salam_al-alami
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abd_as-Salam_al-Alami","to":"Abd as-Salam al-Alami"}],"pages":{"27963978":{"pageid":27963978,"ns":0,"title":"Abd as-Salam al-Alami","extract":"Abd as-Salam ibn Mohammed ibn Ahmed al-Hasani al-Alami al-Fasi (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a) (1834-1895) was a scientist from Fes. He was an expert in the field of astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Al-Alami was the author of several books in these fields and the designer of solar instruments.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nClifford Edmund Bosworth, The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement, Volume 12, p. 10 [1] (Retrieved August 2, 2010)"}}}}
part_xaa/abe_levitow
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abe_Levitow","to":"Abe Levitow"}],"pages":{"7983098":{"pageid":7983098,"ns":0,"title":"Abe Levitow","extract":"Abraham Levitow (July 2, 1922 \u2013 May 8, 1975) was an American animator who worked at Warner Bros. Cartoons, UPA and MGM Animation/Visual Arts. He is best known for his work under Chuck Jones' direction.\n\n\nCareer\nLevitow was born in Los Angeles, California to William Levitow and Sarah Schlafmitz. He began working as an in-betweener and assistant animator at Warner Bros. Cartoons in 1940 at the age of 17. Levitow briefly left Warner Brothers when he was drafted during World War II working on training films, in which during that time he met Stan Lee and became close friends with him. Levitow returned to the studio, working as an assistant animator for Ken Harris under the Chuck Jones unit, and he was later promoted to animator in 1950 and would receive his first animations credit in 1953 for the cartoon Wild Over You. He worked steadily for Jones over the remainder of the 1950s, and directed several cartoons for release in 1959, including the Pep\u00e9 Le Pew cartoon \"Really Scent\". While working under Jones, he made characters' joints more angular than most other animators. Those characters with fur (Wile E. Coyote, for example) looked especially shaggy in Levitow's scenes.\nLevitow joined UPA in 1958 to work on the Mr. Magoo feature 1001 Arabian Nights, staying behind even after the studio was sold to Henry G. Saperstein. In 1962, he directed the first feature-length animated television special, Mr. Magoo's Christmas Carol. 1962 also saw the release of his theatrical feature Gay Purr-ee, with the voices of Robert Goulet, Judy Garland, and others. By 1962, he was working with Jones at MGM as an animator and a director in the Tom and Jerry series. He co-directed the feature film The Phantom Tollbooth with Chuck Jones at MGM. In addition, he worked with UPA on more Mr. Magoo cartoons, including The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo, and also collaborated with Chuck again on the program Curiosity Shop through Format Films. He animated on the Chuck Jones-produced A Christmas Carol, directed by Richard Williams at Williams' London studio in 1971. \nIn 1972, he and producer Dave Hanson founded Levitow/Hanson Films. The studio produced several animated pieces for Sesame Street, the most notable being Willie Wimple. His last completed project was B.C.: The First Thanksgiving, which aired in November of 1973.At the time of his death on May 8, 1975, Levitow was in line to direct the animated feature film Raggedy Ann & Andy: A Musical Adventure. The project was taken over by Richard Williams when Levitow died from a bone tumor during pre-production at the age of 52.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAbe Levitow at IMDb\nOfficial website\nAbe and Charlotte Levitow collection, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences"}}}}
part_xaa/abbottabad
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"140387":{"pageid":140387,"ns":0,"title":"Abbottabad","extract":"Abbottabad (; Urdu and Hindko: \u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0679 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f, romanized: aib\u1e6dab\u0101d, pronounced [\u025b\u02d0b\u0288\u0259\u02c8ba\u02d0d\u032a]) is the capital city of Abbottabad District in the Hazara region of eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the 40th largest city in Pakistan and fourth largest in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by population. It is about 120 km (75 mi) north of Islamabad-Rawalpindi and 150 km (95 mi) east of Peshawar, at an elevation of 1,256 m (4,121 ft). Kashmir lies a short distance to the east.\n\n\nHistory\n\nAbbottabad was founded and named after Major James Abbott in January 1853 as the headquarters of Hazara District during the British Raj after the annexation of Punjab. He remained the first Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara district from 1845 until April 1853. Major Abbott is noted for having written a poem titled \"Abbottabad\", before his return to Britain, in which he wrote of his fondness for the town and his sadness at having to leave it.\nIn the early 20th century, Abbottabad became an important military cantonment and sanatorium, serving as the headquarters of a brigade in the Second Division of the Northern Army Corps. The garrison consisted of four battalions of native infantry, of the Frontier Force (including the 5th Gurkha Rifles) and two native mountain batteries.\n\nIn 1901, the population of the town and cantonment was 7,764 with an average income of Rs. 14,900. This increased to Rs. 22,300 in 1903, chiefly derived from octroi. During this time chief public institutions were built such as the Albert Victor Unaided Anglo-Vernacular High School, the Municipal Anglo-Vernacular High School and the government dispensary. In 1911, the population had risen to 11,506 and the town contained four battalions of Gurkhas. In June 1948, the British Red Cross opened a hospital in Abbottabad to deal with thousands of injured being brought in from Kashmir.\n\n\nOctober 2005 earthquake\n\nIn October 2005, Abbottabad was devastated by the Kashmir earthquake. Although most of Abbottabad survived, many older buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.\n\n\nRecent events\nOn 25 January 2011, Indonesian terrorist Umar Patek was arrested in Abbottabad. Patek, a member of the Jemaah Islamiyah terrorist group, was wanted in connection with a deadly series of church bombings in Indonesia in 2000, and three attacks that killed 202 people in tourist districts of Indonesia in what became known as the Bali bombings.\n\n\nOsama bin Laden\u2019s hideout\n\nOn 2 May 2011, Abbottabad gained worldwide attention when U.S. President Barack Obama announced that Osama bin Laden had been killed in his compound in the city. In February 2012, nine months after bin Laden was killed, Pakistani authorities demolished the compound where Osama bin Laden had lived for years.\n\n\nTopography\nAbbottabad is in the Orash Valley lying between 34\u00b092\u2032N latitude and 73\u00b013\u2032E longitude at an altitude of 1,256 m (4,121 ft). To the north is the picturesque Kaghan Valley.\n\n\nClimate\nAbbottabad has a humid subtropical climate, with mild to warm temperatures during the spring and autumn months, hot temperatures during June and July, and cool to mild temperatures during the winter. The temperature can rise as high as 38 \u00b0C (100 \u00b0F) during the mid-summer months and drop below \u22125 \u00b0C (23 \u00b0F) during the extreme cold waves. Snowfall occurs occasionally in December and January, though it is sparse, while heavy rainfall occurs during the monsoon season stretching from July to September that frequently cause flooding in lower lying parts of the city.\n\n\nTourism\n\nAbbottabad has been attracting tourists to the city since the colonial era, as it is a major transit point to all major tourist regions of Pakistan such as Nathiagali, Ayubia and Naran. According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, \"the town is picturesquely situated at the southern corner of the Rash (Orash) plain, 1,256 m (4,121 ft) above the sea\".The Karakoram Highway, which traces one of the paths of the ancient Silk Road, starts from Hasan Abdal on the N5 and heads north passing through the city, eventually reaching Khunjerab Pass. The Karakorum Highway is a major attraction itself for its views. The Karakoram, Himalayas and the Hindu Kush ranges can be approached from Abbottabad, and it continues to be a transit city for tourists, serving as a base for visiting nearby places, such as Hunza, Gilgit, Skardu and Indus Kohistan, of the Karakoram Range.There was an influx of migrants from Azad Kashmir after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, another from the Swat District during military operations against militants in 2009 and 2010, and from Waziristan after the army launched major operations against the Taliban in 2009. A \u00a319M amusement park is under construction in the city on a 20-hectare (50-acre) site; it includes a zoo, adventure sports facilities, restaurants and artificial waterfalls.\n\n\nEducation\n\nAbbottabad has a very healthy literacy rate approximately 56% on an average. The city has a young demographic (ages 15\u201330) due to the large number of students who have come from across the country to study in its schools, for example PIPS, Army Burn Hall College, Army Public College Kakul and Abbottabad Public School.\nThe city has a wide variety of post-secondary institutions, such as Ayub Medical College, Frontier Medical College, COMSATS University of Science and Technology, and the University of Engineering & Technology.\nAbbottabad is home to the Pakistan Military Academy, a coeducational federal service military academy that provides training to the officers of the Pakistan Army. The academy has three training battalions and 12 companies. Another 2,000 guests each year, from over 34 countries, receive some training at PMA.\nAccording to the Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2014, Abbottabad is ranked 37 out of 146 districts in Pakistan in the quality of education. For facilities and infrastructure, the district is ranked 67 out of 146.\n\nA detailed picture of the district's education performance is available online.\n\n\nMedia\nKay 2 TV is a local Hindko-language channel. Daily newspapers include Roznama AAJ, Roznama Shamal, Kay 2 Times, Roznama Pine, Weekly Manzar, Daily Mahasib and the Hindko newspaper Chaita.\n\n\nSports\nThe Abbottabad Falcons was the professional cricket team of Abbottabad who played in the national Twenty20 and List A cricket tournaments. Sports facilities in the city include:\n\nAbbottabad Cricket Stadium\nAbbottabad Hockey Stadium\n\n\nTransportation\nAbbottabad's main public transport consists of modified taxis.\nAbbottabad is also served by Daewoo Express and Niazi Express, the NATCO, Skyways and other bus services.\nThe nearest railway station is in Havelian, which is the last and most northern station on the Pakistan Railways network. The station is approximately thirty minutes drive south from Abbottabad city centre.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\n\nOfficial website\nOfficial website\nAlif Ailaan District Education Rankings"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_bartos
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_Barto\u0161","to":"Adam Barto\u0161"}],"pages":{"49058156":{"pageid":49058156,"ns":0,"title":"Adam Barto\u0161","extract":"Adam Barto\u0161 (born 27 April 1992) is a Czech male volleyball player. He is part of the Czech Republic men's national volleyball team. On club level he plays for Tours VB.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nProfile at FIVB.org\nAdam Barto\u0161 at the European Volleyball Confederation"}}}}
part_xaa/aberconwy_abbey
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aberconwy_Abbey","to":"Aberconwy Abbey"}],"pages":{"3856048":{"pageid":3856048,"ns":0,"title":"Aberconwy Abbey","extract":"Aberconwy Abbey was a Cistercian foundation at Conwy, later transferred to Maenan near Llanrwst, and in the 13th century was the most important abbey in the north of Wales.\nA Cistercian house was founded at Rhedynog Felen near Caernarfon in 1186 by a group of monks from Strata Florida Abbey. About four or five years later they moved to Conwy, and in 1199 were given large grants of land by Llywelyn the Great who had recently become ruler of Gwynedd. Llywelyn was regarded as the founder of the house, and thanks to his support it came to hold more land than any other Welsh abbey, over 40,000 acres (160 km\u00b2). On Llywelyn's death in 1240 he was buried at the abbey, and his son and successor Dafydd ap Llywelyn was also buried here in 1246. In 1248 Llywelyn's other son, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, who had died trying to escape from the Tower of London in 1244, was reburied at Aberconwy after the abbot of Aberconwy, together with the abbot of Strata Florida, had arranged for his body to be repatriated from London.\nThe abbot of Aberconwy was an important figure in the negotiations between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and the English crown later in the century, and in 1262 was entrusted with the task of being Llywelyn's sole representative in negotiations.\nIn 1282, Edward I of England surrounded Snowdonia with a massive army. On 11 December Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Tywysog Cymru, was lured into a trap and murdered.\nIn 1283 King Edward I of England obliged the monks to move from Conwy to Maenan, further up the Conwy valley (53.1733\u00b0N 3.8123\u00b0W\ufeff / 53.1733; -3.8123\ufeff (Maenan Abbey)), so he could construct a castle and walled town at Conwy. The move had been completed by 1284, with Edward financing the building of a new abbey. In the 15th century the abbot, John ap Rhys, became involved in a dispute with Strata Florida Abbey and led some of his monks and some soldiers on a raid on that abbey. The abbey was valued at \u00a3162 in 1535 and was suppressed in 1537.\nLittle remains of the Maenan Abbey buildings, but the original abbey church in Conwy was adapted to become the parish church of St Mary & All Saints and although much rebuilt over the centuries some parts of the original church remain. The other buildings of the abbey are thought to have been located north and east of the church, including where Conwy Castle now stands.\n\n\nReferences\nR.N. Cooper (1992) Abbeys and Priories of Wales (Christopher Davies) ISBN 0-7154-0712-0\n\n\nExternal links\nBibliographical sources, history and images of the abbey"}}}}
part_xaa/abdullah_mohamed_al-dawood
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdullah_Mohamed_al-Dawood","to":"Abdullah Mohamed al-Dawood"}],"pages":{"42463750":{"pageid":42463750,"ns":0,"title":"Abdullah Mohamed al-Dawood","extract":"Abdullah Mohamed al-Dawood is a Saudi author, known for self-help books and conservative views.\nIn May 2013, his Twitter comment about the harassment of working women generated negative international publicity. al-Dawood argued that his comment was misunderstood due to mistranslation and misquoting.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abdominal_reflex
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdominal_reflex","to":"Abdominal reflex"}],"pages":{"32066041":{"pageid":32066041,"ns":0,"title":"Abdominal reflex","extract":"An abdominal reflex is a superficial neurological reflex stimulated by stroking of the abdomen around the umbilicus. It can be helpful in determining the level of a central nervous system (CNS) lesion. Being a superficial reflex, it is polysynaptic (involving multiple connections between nerves).\n\n\nTest\nThe abdomen is mentally divided into four quadrants, and the skin in each quadrant is gently stroked, on the diagonal, towards the navel. The navel should twitch towards the stimulus.\n\n\nRoots involved\nThoracic 8th \u2013 12th segments are involved.\n\n\nAbsent abdominal reflex\nAbdominal reflex is noted as either present or absent. An absent response can be physiological. Physiological absent response can be due to obesity, frailty, or muscle laxity after multiple pregnancies or abdominal surgery. It is not unusual for this reflex to be absent in children.If the reflex is absent, or especially if it is asymmetric, it can indicate a neurological problem somewhere above the lower thoracic spine.Pathological absence can be due to:\nMultiple sclerosis\nMotor neuron disease (late)\nNeurogenic bladder\nBrown-S\u00e9quard syndrome\nChiari malformations\n\n\nEvolutionary significance\nThe local contraction of the abdominal muscles to an abdominal sensory stimulus was to protect the internal viscera from damage.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/aamer_rizwan
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aamer_Rizwan","to":"Aamer Rizwan"}],"redirects":[{"from":"Aamer Rizwan","to":"National Bank of Pakistan cricket team"}],"pages":{"10701546":{"pageid":10701546,"ns":0,"title":"National Bank of Pakistan cricket team","extract":"National Bank of Pakistan cricket team, sponsored by the National Bank of Pakistan, was a first-class cricket side, one of the most successful in Pakistani domestic cricket. They won each of the three major trophies at least once and achieved 14 tournament wins in total.\nThey played 421 matches of first-class cricket between the 1969\u201370 season and the 2018-19 season. They won 179 matches, lost 76 and drew 166. Many stars of Pakistani cricket have played for the team, including Inzamam-ul-Haq, Mushtaq Ahmed and Waqar Younis.In May 2019, Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan revamped the domestic cricket structure in Pakistan, excluding departmental teams like National Bank of Pakistan in favour of regional sides, therefore ending the participation of the team. The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) was criticised in removing departmental sides, with players voicing their concern to revive the teams.\n\n\nHonours\nQuaid-e-Azam Trophy (5)\n1975-76\n1978-79\n1981-82\n1983-84\n1986-87\nPatron's Trophy (6)\n1974-75\n1975-76\n1978-79\n1986-87\n2001-02\n2005-06\nPentangular Trophy (3)\n1974-75\n1994-95\n2005-06\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nLists of matches played by National Bank of Pakistan at CricketArchive"}}}}
part_xaa/addison_lee
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Addison_Lee","to":"Addison Lee"}],"pages":{"25549703":{"pageid":25549703,"ns":0,"title":"Addison Lee","extract":"Addison Lee is a British private hire cab and courier company based in London, England. It was founded in 1975 by John Griffin.\n\n\nFounding\nThe company was founded by John Griffin as Pacecroft Limited in 1975. Griffin was convinced that his new company needed a name which started with an \"A\" for it to appear early in telephone directory listings. A colleague who lived in a squat in Addison Gardens said people seemed to think this was a very posh address, which Griffin supplemented with Lee. Addison Lee was founded in 1975, with half the company owned by investor Lenny Foster.\n\n\nCurrently\nThe company operates a fleet of 4,000 vehicles with annual revenues of over \u00a3900m. The company carries out over 20,000 jobs every day.Addison Lee has achieved both the ISO 9002 and the Investors in People accreditation.\n\n\nHistory\n\n\nTakeover\nIn April 2013 it was announced that the Carlyle Group, a private equity firm, would be purchasing the company for an undisclosed sum, reported to be \u00a3300m. John Griffin initially remained as chairman with son Liam Griffin replacing Daryl Foster as CEO. The Carlyle Group intend to grow the firm nationally and internationally.\n\n\nJohn Griffin departs, new senior hires\nDuring 2014 Addison Lee announced several senior hires including Peter Boucher (CCO), Catherine Faiers (Ops Director), Gary Cust (Chief Council), Nick Kotsis (Data Scientist) and Nick Constantinou (Head of Marketing). In media interviews in October 2014 it was announced that founder John Griffin had stepped down earlier that year and is no longer involved with the company.\n\n\nTechnology\nAddison Lee relies heavily on information technology to automate and streamline the process of managing the large number of drivers and jobs, through the use of driver PDAs, GPS tracking and text messaging.\nAddison Lee's use of technology has played an important part in reducing emissions and led to several awards, including Best Large Private Sector Fleet in Energy Saving Trust Fleet Hero Awards 2011. Addison Lee is a member of Mayor of London Boris Johnson\u2019s \"Green500\" initiative.Addison Lee's software has also been applied to other industries by the company's software partner, Haulmont Technology. The first client announced was JBW, an Enforcement Agency company.\n\n\nControversy\nIn April 2012, Addison Lee's chairman John Griffin instructed all of its drivers to begin using bus lanes, against the will of Transport for London. Griffin argued that allowing only licensed black taxis to use the lanes was \"unfair discrimination\". Griffin also secured a judicial review against Hackney Carriage legislation saying it was archaic.\nJohn Griffin said the firm would \"indemnify any fines or payments\" that the firm's drivers would incur. In April 2012 the High Court ruled that Addison Lee could not encourage or instruct its drivers to use bus lanes.In the April 2012 edition of Addison Lee's corporate magazine Add Lib, John Griffin used his editorial piece to voice his opinion that collisions with cyclists were unavoidable, and not the fault of his drivers. He concluded: \"It is time for us to say to cyclists, \u2018You want to join our gang, get trained and pay up\u2019.\" This has caused a reaction from London's cycling community, including the London Cycling Campaign, CTC, Levenes Cycle and the London Fixed-Gear and Single-Speed forum, who have started taking action boycotting Addison Lee cabs by leaving negative reviews on the company's iPhone app, organizing protests, and calling for people to lobby their companies to stop their Addison Lee accounts.Dr. Belinda Web started an e-petition with HM Government to have Addison Lee's license withdrawn. This caused a reaction from London's cycling community, including the London Cycling Campaign.\nOn 26 April 2012, the Chief Procurement Officer confirmed that the UK Government (OP71) contract with Addison Lee would be terminated at the end of April 2012.In 2015, following reports that a small number of Addison Lee drivers had kicked same-sex couples out of their cars, the company introduced a diploma for its drivers, which includes equality training.In September 2017, Addison Lee lost a tribunal case brought by Leigh Day, which sought to grant employees rights such as the minimum wage and holiday pay.\n\n\nAccessibility\nOn 19 October 2015, Addison Lee introduced CycleCab, a new service allowing up to two passengers to travel in a cab with one bicycle. The service launched alongside the Six Day London track event at Lee Valley VeloPark.\n\n\nFormer operations\nBetween July 2006 and April 2013, Addison Lee operated the Redwing Coaches business.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website"}}}}
part_xaa/achille_leclere
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Achille_Lecl\u00e8re","to":"Achille Lecl\u00e8re"}],"pages":{"18170281":{"pageid":18170281,"ns":0,"title":"Achille Lecl\u00e8re","extract":"Achille-Fran\u00e7ois-Ren\u00e9 Lecl\u00e8re (29 October 1785 \u2013 23 December 1853) was a French architect and teacher of architecture.Achille Lecl\u00e8re studied architecture under Charles Percier and Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand. After finishing his studies, he won the 1808 Premier Grand Prix de Rome where the final round topic was, \"Public baths in Paris\".\nIn 1813, Lecl\u00e8re made a noted restoration of the Pantheon in Rome. Indeed, Achille Leclere's architectural drawings of the Pantheon are regarded by many as the best ever made.In 1815, he opened a renowned architectural atelier from which many eminent architects graduated, including the French architects Eug\u00e8ne Viollet-le-Duc, Paul Abadie, Charles Isabelle and Alfred Armand and the English architect Richard Lane.\nHe was elected a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts of the Institut de France in 1831.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abdul_karim_koroma
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdul_Karim_Koroma","to":"Abdul Karim Koroma"}],"pages":{"9112678":{"pageid":9112678,"ns":0,"title":"Abdul Karim Koroma","extract":"Abdul Karim Koroma (born 25 September 1944) is a former Sierra Leonean politician. Koroma served in the Sierra Leonean government as Minister of Education (1977\u20131982), Regional Minister of the Northern Province (1982\u20131985), and foreign minister (1985\u20131992). From 1998 to 2000, Koroma served on the President's National Policy Advisory Committee during the end of the Sierra Leone Civil War.\nHe has also been the High Commissioner to Australia.\nAuthor of the following publications: (1) Sierra Leone The Agony of a Nation and (2) Crisis and Intervention in Sierra Leone 1996 to 2003. Andromeda Publications\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abdi_department
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdi_Department","to":"Abdi Department"}],"pages":{"43181433":{"pageid":43181433,"ns":0,"title":"Abdi Department","extract":"Abdi is one of three departments in Ouadda\u00ef, a region of Chad. Its capital is Abdi."}}}}
part_xaa/acle_railway_station
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Acle_railway_station","to":"Acle railway station"}],"pages":{"1761316":{"pageid":1761316,"ns":0,"title":"Acle railway station","extract":"Acle railway station is on the Wherry Lines in the east of England, serving the town of Acle, Norfolk. It is 10 miles 34 chains (16.8 km) down the line from Norwich on the route to Great Yarmouth. Its three-letter station code is ACL.\n\n\nHistory\nOpened by the Great Eastern Railway in 1883, it became part of the London and North Eastern Railway following the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the Eastern Region of British Railways upon nationalisation in 1948.\nWhen sectorisation was introduced, the station was served by Regional Railways until the privatisation of British Railways.\nToday the station is served by Greater Anglia, which operates the services between Norwich and Great Yarmouth. Until 2019, trains were formed by diesel multiple units of Classes 153, 156 or 170. During the summer months, some locomotive-hauled trains, top-and-tailed with a Class 37 at either end, would work certain services on the Wherry Lines. All services are now operated by the brand new Class 755 Stadler FLIRT electro-diesel multiple units.\nThe station has the only passing loop on the Acle branch of the line, and in times past there was a coaling depot.\n\n\nServices\nAs of May 2020 the typical Monday-Saturday off-peak service at Acle is as follows:\n1tph (train per hour) to Great Yarmouth\n1tph to NorwichServices are reduced to 1tp2h on Sundays.\n\n\nReferences\n\nButt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.\nJowett, Alan (2000). Jowett's Nationalised Railway Atlas (1st ed.). Penryn, Cornwall: Atlantic Transport Publishers. ISBN 978-0-906899-99-1. OCLC 228266687.\nJowett, Alan (March 1989). Jowett's Railway Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland: From Pre-Grouping to the Present Day (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-086-0. OCLC 22311137.\nStation on navigable O.S. map\n\n\nExternal links\n\nTrain times and station information for Acle railway station from National Rail"}}}}
part_xaa/aaron_asquez
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aaron_Asquez","to":"Aaron Asquez"}],"pages":{"-1":{"ns":0,"title":"Aaron Asquez","missing":""}}}}
part_xaa/abbas_aba
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abbas_Aba","to":"Abbas Aba"}],"pages":{"36689007":{"pageid":36689007,"ns":0,"title":"Abbas Aba","extract":"Abbas Abad (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0628\u0627, also Romanized as \u2018Abb\u0101s \u0100b\u0101; also known as \u2018Abb\u0101s\u0101b\u0101d) is a village in Meyami Rural District, in the Central District of Meyami County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 458, in 132 families.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abdehgah
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"39916212":{"pageid":39916212,"ns":0,"title":"Abdehgah","extract":"Abdehgah (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0647\u06af\u0627\u0647, also Romanized as \u0100bdehg\u0101h) is a village in Kuh Mareh Khami Rural District, in the Central District of Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 562, in 105 families.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/achiyalatopa
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"9196466":{"pageid":9196466,"ns":0,"title":"Achiyalatopa","extract":"Achiyalatopa is a giant monster in Zuni mythology. The monster has celestial powers, and possesses feathers made of flint knives, which it throws at objects.\n\n\nReferences\nJones, Gertrude. Dictionary of Mythology Folklore and Symbols. New York: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 1962.\nProbert Encyclopedia article on Achiyalatopa"}}}}
part_xaa/abstract_syntax_tree
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abstract_syntax_tree","to":"Abstract syntax tree"}],"pages":{"75629":{"pageid":75629,"ns":0,"title":"Abstract syntax tree","extract":"In computer science, an abstract syntax tree (AST), or just syntax tree, is a tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of text (often source code) written in a formal language. Each node of the tree denotes a construct occurring in the text.\nThe syntax is \"abstract\" in the sense that it does not represent every detail appearing in the real syntax, but rather just the structural or content-related details. For instance, grouping parentheses are implicit in the tree structure, so these do not have to be represented as separate nodes. Likewise, a syntactic construct like an if-condition-then statement may be denoted by means of a single node with three branches.\nThis distinguishes abstract syntax trees from concrete syntax trees, traditionally designated parse trees. Parse trees are typically built by a parser during the source code translation and compiling process. Once built, additional information is added to the AST by means of subsequent processing, e.g., contextual analysis.\nAbstract syntax trees are also used in program analysis and program transformation systems.\n\n\nApplication in compilers\nAbstract syntax trees are data structures widely used in compilers to represent the structure of program code. An AST is usually the result of the syntax analysis phase of a compiler. It often serves as an intermediate representation of the program through several stages that the compiler requires, and has a strong impact on the final output of the compiler.\n\n\nMotivation\nAn AST has several properties that aid the further steps of the compilation process:\n\nAn AST can be edited and enhanced with information such as properties and annotations for every element it contains. Such editing and annotation is impossible with the source code of a program, since it would imply changing it.\nCompared to the source code, an AST does not include inessential punctuation and delimiters (braces, semicolons, parentheses, etc.).\nAn AST usually contains extra information about the program, due to the consecutive stages of analysis by the compiler. For example, it may store the position of each element in the source code, allowing the compiler to print useful error messages.ASTs are needed because of the inherent nature of programming languages and their documentation. Languages are often ambiguous by nature. In order to avoid this ambiguity, programming languages are often specified as a context-free grammar (CFG). However, there are often aspects of programming languages that a CFG can't express, but are part of the language and are documented in its specification. These are details that require a context to determine their validity and behaviour. For example, if a language allows new types to be declared, a CFG cannot predict the names of such types nor the way in which they should be used. Even if a language has a predefined set of types, enforcing proper usage usually requires some context. Another example is duck typing, where the type of an element can change depending on context. Operator overloading is yet another case where correct usage and final function are context-dependent.\n\n\nDesign\nThe design of an AST is often closely linked with the design of a compiler and its expected features.\nCore requirements include the following:\n\nVariable types must be preserved, as well as the location of each declaration in source code.\nThe order of executable statements must be explicitly represented and well defined.\nLeft and right components of binary operations must be stored and correctly identified.\nIdentifiers and their assigned values must be stored for assignment statements.These requirements can be used to design the data structure for the AST.\nSome operations will always require two elements, such as the two terms for addition. However, some language constructs require an arbitrarily large number of children, such as argument lists passed to programs from the command shell. As a result, an AST used to represent code written in such a language has to also be flexible enough to allow for quick addition of an unknown quantity of children.\nTo support compiler verification it should be possible to unparse an AST into source code form. The source code produced should be sufficiently similar to the original in appearance and identical in execution, upon recompilation.\nThe AST is used intensively during semantic analysis, where the compiler checks for correct usage of the elements of the program and the language. The compiler also generates symbol tables based on the AST during semantic analysis. A complete traversal of the tree allows verification of the correctness of the program.\nAfter verifying correctness, the AST serves as the base for code generation. The AST is often used to generate an intermediate representation (IR), sometimes called an intermediate language, for the code generation.\n\n\nOther usages\n\n\nAST differencing\nAST differencing, or for short tree differencing, consists of computing the list of differences between two ASTs. This list of differences is typically called an edit script. The edit script directly refers to the AST of the code. For instance, an edit action may the addition of a new AST node representing a function. The problem of computing good AST edit scripts is hard, with two main challenges: handling move actions, and scaling to fine-grained ASTs with thousands of nodes.\n\n\nStructured merge\nWith proper AST differencing, ASTs can be used for merging versions and branches, this is known as structured merge. The advantage is to avoid spurious conflicts due to lines and formatting.\n\n\nClone detection\nAn AST is a powerful abstraction to perform code clone detection.\n\n\nSee also\nAbstract semantic graph (ASG), also called term graph\nComposite pattern\nControl-flow graph\nDirected acyclic graph (DAG)\nDocument Object Model (DOM)\nExpression tree\nExtended Backus\u2013Naur form\nLisp, a family of languages written in trees, with macros to manipulate code trees\nParse tree, also known as concrete syntax tree\nSemantic resolution tree (SRT)\nShunting-yard algorithm\nSymbol table\nTreeDL\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nFurther reading\nJones, Joel. \"Abstract Syntax Tree Implementation Idioms\" (PDF). (overview of AST implementation in various language families)\nNeamtiu, Iulian; Foster, Jeffrey S.; Hicks, Michael (May 17, 2005). Understanding Source Code Evolution Using Abstract Syntax Tree Matching. MSR'05. Saint Louis, Missouri: ACM. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.88.5815.\nW\u00fcrsch, Michael. Improving Abstract Syntax Tree based Source Code Change Detection (Diploma thesis).\nLucas, Jason (16 August 2006). \"Thoughts on the Visual C++ Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)\".\n\n\nExternal links\n\nAST View: an Eclipse plugin to visualize a Java abstract syntax tree\n\"Abstract Syntax Tree and Java Code Manipulation in the Eclipse IDE\". eclipse.org.\n\"CAST representation\". cs.utah.edu.\neli project: Abstract Syntax Tree Unparsing\n\"Abstract Syntax Tree Metamodel Standard\" (PDF).\n\"Architecture\u2011Driven Modernization \u2014 ADM: Abstract Syntax Tree Metamodeling \u2014 ASTM\". (OMG standard).\nJavaParser: The JavaParser library provides you with an Abstract Syntax Tree of your Java code. The AST structure then allows you to work with your Java code in an easy programmatic way.\nSpoon: A library to analyze, transform, rewrite, and transpile Java source code. It parses source files to build a well-designed AST with powerful analysis and transformation API."}}}}
part_xaa/abarema_obovata
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abarema_obovata","to":"Abarema obovata"}],"pages":{"12177003":{"pageid":12177003,"ns":0,"title":"Abarema obovata","extract":"Abarema obovata, the obovate abarema, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the wooded hillsides of east and north-central Minas Gerais, Brazil.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abacetus_dekkanus
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abacetus_dekkanus","to":"Abacetus dekkanus"}],"pages":{"40180485":{"pageid":40180485,"ns":0,"title":"Abacetus dekkanus","extract":"Abacetus dekkanus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Andrewes in 1942.\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/abu_dhabi_financial_group
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abu_Dhabi_Financial_Group","to":"Abu Dhabi Financial Group"}],"pages":{"48658787":{"pageid":48658787,"ns":0,"title":"Abu Dhabi Financial Group","extract":"Abu Dhabi Financial Group (ADFG) is a global investment management group, headquartered in Abu Dhabi.\n\n\nHistory\nFounded in 2011, ADFG is headquartered in Abu Dhabi's Abu Dhabi Global Markets (ADGM), with offices in Dubai, London, Eastern Europe, Saudi Arabia and Egypt.\nSince 2011, the company has evolved and expanded into an integrated financial services platform under the ADFG Group, branching out to cover four key areas: public markets, private markets, debt investments and real estate. The company is also involved in technology investments.By 2018, ADFG's assets under management had grown to more than US$6 billion. Since its establishment, ADFG has demonstrated a pioneering track record when it formed the Middle East's first dedicated secondaries-focused private equity fund \u2013 the ADCM Secondary Private Equity Fund - targeted towards acquiring interests in MENA-based funds.A year later, in 2012, ADFG launched the listed private equity fund Qannas Investment Limited through a flotation on London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market. This was the first \u2018cash shell\u2019 arrangement by a Middle Eastern company.\n\n\nPrivate Markets\nADFG's investments in private equity are focused primarily on the GCC but it also seeks opportunities in the wider MENA region and beyond. Typical ticket size is between $50 million and $300 million, usually targeting an Internal Rate of Return of 20 percent or more. Key sectors for investment include financial services and real estate.\nIn November 2016, ADFG completed the acquisition of a 48.36 percent stake in Dubai-based financial services firm Shuaa Capital from Dubai Group. Shuaa Capital returned to profit in 2017, recording its highest full-year profit since 2007.\nADFG also founded ADCorp, the first Islamic financial institution based in Abu Dhabi Global Market with a funding round raising over $101m in 2018.\n\n\nPublic Markets\nADFG invests in public markets across equities and fixed income and participates in both primary offerings and secondary markets. Examples of its investments include stakes in Bahraini investment bank, GFH Financial Group, and Sharjah-based energy group, Dana Gas.\n\n\nTechnology\nIn April 2018, ADFG took a strategic stake in 500 Startups, the Silicon Valley venture capital fund to complement its existing technology initiatives. At the time, ADFG said it would be injecting substantial capital to accelerate the growth of 500's key initiatives, expand into new markets, and anchor future global funds.\n\n\nDebt investments\nADFG's debt platform, Integrated Alternative Finance (IAF), operates primarily in the UAE and London markets. With strong links to financial institutions and alternative lenders, including ADFG itself, the platform has access to capital that can be structured to specific corporate or project circumstances. In addition, the platform also provides on-going monitoring and management of debt investments on behalf of investors.\nIAF provides alternative financing and structuring solutions to asset owners and developers for acquisition, restructuring, refinancing or development projects. Regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority, IAF's primary focus is in the real estate sector and is particularly targeting expansion in Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Egypt.\nTo date, IAF has arranged finance totaling approximately US$3 billion, with a blended overall return of 15%.\n\n\nReal Estate\nADFG's real estate activities range from developing greenfield projects to investing in income-producing assets and asset management. The portfolio includes residential, commercial, logistics, retail and hospitality assets across the Middle East, UK and Eastern Europe.\n\n\nUK\nADFG owns Northacre, a developer of luxury property in central London. Northacre has designed, developed and marketed over \u00a32.2 billion of prime residential developments in London over its 25-year history, with projects including The Broadway (formerly New Scotland Yard), No 1. Palace Street, Lucan Place and the Lancasters in Hyde Park.\nIn 2014, ADFG bought New Scotland Yard, the former Metropolitan Police headquarters, for \u00a3370 million in December 2014, and subsequently submitted plans to demolish the 1960s block in Victoria and build luxury apartments, whilst retaining the familiar rotating sign.\nIn February 2016, the redevelopment proposal, consisting of six residential-led buildings ranging from 14 to 20 storeys, was approved by Westminster City Council. In total, the development rebranded 'The Broadway' will consist of 268 super prime apartments. Work on the development commenced in November 2016 with the new properties scheduled to be completed in 2021.\nIn November 2015, the CEO of ADFG, Jassim Alseddiqi, stated that there would be \"major shopping\" and that 2016 would be an \"important year\" for ADFG.\nIn 2017, Niccol\u00f2 Barattieri di San Pietro, Northacre's chief executive, commented that \u201cLondon will continue to hold its dominant and stable position as the No 1 city for investors\u201d in real estate.\nADFG also owns No.1 Palace Street, situated adjacent to Buckingham Palace which will comprise 72 luxury apartments, restaurant and health and fitness facilities within its 300,000+ square feet once completed.\n\n\nEastern Europe\nIn September 2015, ADFG officially opened the landmark commercial and residential investment project in Montenegro, The Capital Plaza. Located in the heart of Podgorica, Montenegro's capital city, The Capital Plaza is the largest mixed-use real estate development in the country, occupying over 100,000 square metres of prime retail, business, hospitality and residential space.\nThe opening ceremony was attended by a large number of high-ranking officials, dignitaries, and diplomats, including H.E. Milo \u0110ukanovi\u0107, Prime Minister of Montenegro; H.E. Abdulhamid Saeed, Managing Director of Capital Investment; and H.E. Hafsa Al Ulama, UAE Ambassador to Montenegro.\n\n\nMiddle East\nEtihad REIT is a UAE-based Sharia-compliant Real Estate Investment Trust established and incorporated under the laws of ADGM. Launched in 2016, it has a mixed-use portfolio of assets across the UAE. \nIn 2018, ADFG entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with Jabal Omar Development Company, Saudi Arabia's largest publicly-listed real estate company, to explore opportunities for collaboration and partnerships associated with new real estate development opportunities within the holy city of Makkah and throughout the Kingdom. Through its real estate platforms including Northacre and SHUAA Saudi, ADFG will provide development management, design and development, project management and asset management. Furthermore, ADFG will support the developments through its various financing and structuring platforms.\n\n\nSee also\n\nEmaar Properties\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website"}}}}
part_xaa/adair_park
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adair_Park","to":"Adair Park"}],"pages":{"15187460":{"pageid":15187460,"ns":0,"title":"Adair Park","extract":"Adair Park is a residential neighborhood located southwest of downtown Atlanta. It has the form of a left curly bracket, bordered by the MARTA north\u2013south rail line on the northwest, the BeltLine trail on the southwest and Metropolitan Parkway on the east. Historically Adair Park also included the area from Metropolitan Parkway to McDaniel Street on the east, but the city now considers that area part of the Pittsburgh neighborhood.\n\n\nHistory\n\nThe bungalow suburb was developed from the 1890s to the 1940s, when Atlanta was transitioning from a \"railroad town\" to an urban area. Shortly after the Civil War, land speculators, notably George Washington Adair, John Thrasher and Thomas Alexander, began purchasing land in this area anticipating future growth. To increase the value of this land, Adair joined with Richard Peters in 1870 to form the Atlanta Street Railway Company to provide horsecar access to the area. He also established the Atlanta Real Estate Company, and continued purchasing land for development. Adair's company became the largest developer of property in Atlanta before he died in 1889. His sons, George and Forrest, continued the company, and began designing the Adair Park subdivision and selling lots in 1910. Adair Park developed into a small white working-class neighborhood of modest houses.By the 1950s Adair Park was surrounded on all sides by neighborhoods that either always were or had transitioned to majority-black. In 1955 white flight began, triggered by the sale of a single property on Beryl Street near Dewey Street to a black family. Soon Dewey, Hope and Beryl Streets had transitioned from white to black, as did Mayland Avenue and Mayland Circle in 1958. Supported by the West Side Mutual Development Committee (WSMDC), which Mayor Hartsfield had formed to block or manage racial transitions in Atlanta neighborhoods, the Adair Park Civic Club attempted to pool white community resources to repurchase houses and keep white areas white, but there was not enough support compared to those white residents who wished to sell and the transition continued. In 1969, the Georgia grand dragon of the United Klans of America was elected as the Adair Park Civic Club's vice chairman. A day later he, along with black real estate agent Johnny Cornelius Johnson, were elected to policy positions in Atlanta's federally sponsored Model Cities Program.In the latter half of the 20th century, Adair Park gradually slid into decline along with the Metropolitan Parkway corridor. But by 2000, young people began to move back into the neighborhood, settling alongside many lifelong residents, attracted by the charming, affordable bungalows and community spirit.\n\n\nNeighborhood\nSimilar to neighboring West End, the predominant house type within the neighborhood is the bungalow with American Craftsman style detailing. Other architectural styles represented include Folk Victorian, Queen Anne, and English Vernacular Revival. There are also several apartment buildings within the district. Lots are typically 50' x 200' including dedicated driveways and access to rear yards. Landscaping is informal with grass yards, mature trees and shrubs. There are sidewalks, granite curbing, steps from the street to the yards, and retaining walls within the district. The few historic commercial buildings are generally one-story freestanding or attached neighborhood stores. Most are constructed of cinder block or brick and feature storefront windows.\nCommunity landmark buildings include the George W. Adair School, The Metropolitan, Stewart Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church South and the Adair Park Baptist Church.\nThe George W. Adair School, constructed in 1912, is a two-story red brick building designed in the Academic Gothic Revival style. In 2017, renovations began to convert the former school into \"The Academy Lofts\" after sitting vacant for approximately 45 years. The renovation will feature \"35 affordable micro-units reserved for artists\", 5,000 sq. ft. loft space for small businesses and a 1,300 sq. ft. coffee shop. The project was renamed \"The Academy Lofts\" after dispute with the Atlanta Zoning Review Board over the school's original name, dedicated to George W. Adair, who was reportedly tied to the KKK.The Metropolitan, a former warehouse complex, has been turned into an \"intown business and arts district\" of loft and studio space, occupying a quarter-mile block at the north end of the neighborhood.\nLately, a string of disturbing crimes have been reported notably involving armed children as young as 6.\n\n\nParks\nThere are three parks in Adair Park. The first recreational park in the district was established in 1922. Adair Park I comprises 20 lots originally designated for houses that were not sold due to the sloped topography and swampy ground. Landscaped with open areas, mature trees, brick walkways, and a playground, the park has on its grounds a one-story brick bathhouse built in 1930. This park is generally used for neighborhood gatherings, informal pick-up games, and walking. The second park in the district was established in the 1980s on a large parcel of land that was once a lumberyard. Adair Park II features a recreational baseball field, a covered basketball court, tennis courts, and a playground. The third park is Bonnie Brae Park, a .19-acre garden park.\n\n\nNeighborhood Association\nThe official neighborhood association of Adair Park is Adair Park Today, Inc., a 501(c)3 non-profit corporation representing the interests of all property owners and residents in the neighborhood. Regular events include the annual Porches and Pies Festival, monthly Porch Parties, neighborhood clean-ups and monthly neighborhood association meetings.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAdair Park Neighborhood Official Website\nCreative Loafing article about Adair Park\n\"Adair Park Historic District\", National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, National Park Service"}}}}
part_xaa/academy_of_military_medical_sciences
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Academy_of_Military_Medical_Sciences","to":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences"}],"pages":{"44932283":{"pageid":44932283,"ns":0,"title":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","extract":"The Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS) of the PLA Academy of Military Science (Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u519b\u4e8b\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u519b\u4e8b\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662) is a Chinese military medical research institute. It was established in Shanghai in 1951. It has been based in Beijing since 1958.\nIn October 2011 the drug \"Night Eagle\", developed to help soldiers cope with sleep deprivation during missions, was unveiled in an exhibition marking the institute's 60th anniversary.In December 2014, the Chinese government announced that the Academy of Military Medical Sciences had developed an Ebola virus vaccine candidate that had been approved for clinical trials.In December 2021, the United States Department of Commerce added the Academy of Military Medical Sciences to the Entity List, accusing it of aiding in the Uyghur genocide.\n\n\nCOVID-19 vaccine\n\nDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the AMMS partnered with CanSino Biologics to develop Convidecia. The development team, led by Chen Wei, registered a Phase 1 trial in March 2020 and a Phase 2 trial in April 2020. It conducted its Phase III trials in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, and Saudi Arabia with 40,000 participants.\nIn February 2021, global data from Phase III trials and 101 COVID cases showed the vaccine had a 65.7% efficacy in preventing moderate symptoms of COVID-19, and 91% efficacy in preventing severe disease. It has similar efficacy to the Janssen vaccine, another one-shot adenovirus vector vaccine with 66% efficacy in a global trial. Convidecia is also similar to other viral vector vaccines like the Oxford\u2013AstraZeneca vaccine and Sputnik V vaccine. Its single-dose regimen and normal refrigerator storage requirement (2\u00b0to 8 \u00b0C) could make it a favorable vaccine option for many countries.Convidecia is approved for use by some countries in Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Production capacity for Ad5-NCov should reach 500 million doses in 2021. Manufacturing will take place in China, Malaysia, Mexico, and Pakistan.The vaccine was the first one approved outside of clinical trials in an expedite decision, which authorized its use only by the Chinese military.\n\n\nSee also\nWu Dechang, radiation toxicologist and former President of AMMS\nJK-05\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website"}}}}
part_xaa/actinorhabdospora
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"redirects":[{"from":"Actinorhabdospora","to":"Actinorhabdospora filicis"}],"pages":{"53955670":{"pageid":53955670,"ns":0,"title":"Actinorhabdospora filicis","extract":"Actinorhabdospora filicis is a bacterium from the genus Actinorhabdospora which has been isolated from soil in Tokyo, Japan.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nType strain of Actinorhabdospora filicis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase"}}}}
part_xaa/abdominal_mass
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdominal_mass","to":"Abdominal mass"}],"pages":{"3961546":{"pageid":3961546,"ns":0,"title":"Abdominal mass","extract":"An abdominal mass is any localized enlargement or swelling in the human abdomen. Depending on its location, the abdominal mass may be caused by an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), protruding kidney, a pancreatic mass, a retroperitoneal mass (a mass in the posterior of the peritoneum), an abdominal aortic aneurysm, or various tumours, such as those caused by abdominal carcinomatosis and omental metastasis. The treatments depend on the cause, and may range from watchful waiting to radical surgery.\n\n\nPresentation\nMany abdominal masses are discovered incidentally during routine physical examination. When they are present symptomatically, abdominal masses are most frequently associated with pain or digestive problems. However, depending on the cause, masses may be associated with other signs and symptoms, such as jaundice or bowel obstruction.\n\n\nCauses\nAbdominal aortic aneurysm\nBladder distention\nCholecystitis (an inflammation of the gallbladder)\nColon cancer\nCrohn's disease\nBowel obstruction\nDiverticulitis\nGallbladder tumor\nHydronephrosis (fluid-filled kidney)\nKidney cancer (including renal cell carcinoma)\nLiver cancer\nHepatomegaly (Liver enlargement)\nNeuroblastoma\nOvarian cyst\nPancreatic abscess\nPancreatic pseudocyst\nSplenomegaly (Spleen enlargement)\nStomach cancer\nUterine leiomyoma (fibroids)\nVolvulus (twisted piece of the gastrointestinal tract)\nUretero-pelvic junction obstruction\n\n\nDiagnosis\nThe first steps in diagnosis are a medical history and physical examination. Important clues during history include weight loss, diarrhea and abdominal pain.During physical examination, the clinician must identify the location of the mass, as well as characterize its location (usually specified in terms of quadrants). The mass should be assessed for whether it is rigid or mobile. It should also be characterized for pulse or peristalsis, as these would help in further identifying the mass.Routine blood tests are usually the next step in diagnosis after a thorough medical history and physical examination. They should include a full blood count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and liver function tests such as albumin, international normalized ratio (INR), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), serum amylase and total bilirubin (TBIL). If late-stage liver disease is suspected, then a serum glucose may be appropriate.\n\n\nReferences\nMedlinePlus medical encyclopedia: Abdominal mass \u2013 An informative primer on abdominal masses and their common causes.\nFirst Principles of Gastroenterology: Abdominal Mass \u2013 This chapter discusses the basic approach to abdominal masses.\n\n\nExternal links"}}}}
part_xaa/abakavaripalli
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"22451230":{"pageid":22451230,"ns":0,"title":"Abakavaripalli","extract":"Abakavaripalli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Bagepalli taluk of Kolar district in Karnataka.\n\n\nSee also\nKolar\nDistricts of Karnataka\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nhttp://Kolar.nic.in/"}}}}
part_xaa/academicheskaya_dacha
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Academicheskaya_Dacha","to":"Academicheskaya Dacha"}],"redirects":[{"from":"Academicheskaya Dacha","to":"Akademicheskaya Dacha"}],"pages":{"34290835":{"pageid":34290835,"ns":0,"title":"Akademicheskaya Dacha","extract":"Akademicheskaya Dacha (Russian: \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0414\u0430\u0447\u0430) is a dacha (summer house) known as the oldest and major creative base of the Union of Artists of the Russian Federation. It is located near the town of Vyshny Volochyok in Tver Province, in a picturesque location on the banks of Msta River and Lake Mstino. In a broader sense, the Akademicheskaya Dacha (or \"Akademichka\") refers to the entire surrounding area including villages of Bolshoy Gorodok, Maliy Gorodok, Kisharino, Terpigorevo, Valentinovka and Podol, where many Russian artists resided in the mid-second half of the 20th century.\n\n\nHistory\n\nThe Akademicheskaya Dacha was opened on July 22, 1884, as a place of summer practice for poor students of the Imperial Academy of Arts. A plot of land with the park, house and buildings had been taken on lease by the Academy of Arts from the Ministry of Railways. It was originally named as \"Vladimir and Maria shelter\" in honor of Grand Duke Vladimir, president of the Imperial Academy of Arts, and his wife Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna and the Empress Maria Alexandrovna. The exceptional role in Dacha's organization were the \"Academic cottages\" belonging to her guardian Vasily Kokorev, a major industrialist, and the owner of one of the largest collections of Russian and Western European art.\nBefore the October Revolution of 1917, many famous Russian artists worked on the Akademicheskaya Dacha, including Ilya Repin, Nikolay Bogdanov-Belsky, Pavel Chistyakov, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Isaac Levitan, Andrei Ryabushkin, Nicholas Roerich and Valentin Serov. After 1917 the house was given to the children for an open summer camp. Its artistic purpose was restored only in 1948. Since that time the Dacha has become one of the recognized centers of creative life in the Soviet Union and Russia. In those years here worked Russian painters Aleksei Gritsai, Vecheslav Zagonek, Dmitry Maevsky, Maya Kopitseva, Fyodor Reshetnikov, Nikolai Pozdneev, Nikolai Timkov, and many others. It is no accident, noting the role of the Akademicheskaya Dacha in preserving and promoting the traditions of Russian realistic Art, that it is called the \"Russian Barbizon\". The best art works of landscape and genre painting, exhibited in Art Shows of 1960s-1980s, were created primarily on the Dacha and its surroundings. Later in the 1970s-1980s, modern workshops and office buildings were built, providing year-round use of the Dacha for artistic purposes.\nIn 1964, the Akademicheskaya Dacha was named after the famous Russian painter Ilya Repin. In 1974, near the main pavilion a monument to Ilya Repin was erected, designed by sculptor Oleg Komov and architect Nikolai Komov, in honor of the 130th anniversary of the artist's birth. In 2004, during celebration of the 120th anniversary of the Akademicheskaya Dacha, a plaque in memory of Vasily Kokorev was open at the main pavilion building.\n\n\nAcademics\nRussian artists who worked at the Akademicheskaya Dacha and its surroundings since the end of the 19th century:\n\nIlya Repin\nNikolay Bogdanov-Belsky\nIsaak Brodsky\nPavel Chistyakov\nArkhip Kuindzhi\nIsaac Levitan\nAndrei Ryabushkin\nNicholas Roerich\nValentin Serov\nSergey Gerasimov\nAleksei Gritsai\nMaya Kopitseva\nBoris Lavrenko\nDmitry Maevsky\nSamuil Nevelshtein\nNikolai Pozdneev\nNikolai Timkov\nAnatoli Vasiliev\nBoris Ugarov\n\n\nSee also\nList of Russian artists\nList of 20th-century Russian painters\nList of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists\nList of the Russian Landscape painters\nSaint Petersburg Union of Artists\nLeningrad School of Painting\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nBibliography\n\u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0418. \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430. \u041b., \u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0420\u0421\u0424\u0421\u0420, 1975.\nSergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School. Saint Petersburg, NP-Print Edition, 2007. PP.22\u201324, 40-41, 93, 98-99, 117-118, 194, 202, 223, 248, 261, 312, 335, 364, 377, 388.\n\u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0418. \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u041f\u0431., \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c, 2009.\n\u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u041f\u0431., 2009.\n\n\nExternal links\nBondareva N. The Academicheskaya Dacha. (Russian)."}}}}
part_xaa/abel_balbo
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abel_Balbo","to":"Abel Balbo"}],"pages":{"2335302":{"pageid":2335302,"ns":0,"title":"Abel Balbo","extract":"Abel Eduardo Balbo (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u02c8\u03b2el e\u02c8\u00f0wa\u027e\u00f0o \u02c8\u03b2al\u03b2o]; born 1 June 1966) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a striker. He is the current manager of Central C\u00f3rdoba.\nBalbo played for various clubs in Argentina and Italy during the course of his career. He was also an Argentine international.\n\n\nClub career\nBalbo was born in Empalme Villa Constituci\u00f3n, Santa Fe.\nAt club level, Balbo played for Newell's Old Boys (1987\u201388), River Plate (1988\u201389), before moving to Italy and Udinese (1989\u201393), Roma (1993\u201398 and 2000\u201302), Parma (1998\u201399), and Fiorentina. He played four games for Boca Juniors before finally retiring. He scored a total of 138 goals in Serie A; his best seasons came in 1992\u201393 for Udinese and 1994\u201395 for Roma, with 22 goals in each of them.\nIn 2000, Roma paid Fiorentina 1.75 billion Italian lire to re-sign him and offered him a two-year contract with 1.7 billion annual salary before tax.\n\n\nInternational career\nFor Argentina, Balbo scored 11 goals in 37 caps, and played at the 1990, the 1994, the 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 1989 and 1995 Copas Am\u00e9rica. In the 1995 tournament in Uruguay, Balbo partnered Gabriel Batistuta in attack, and scored a goal against Brazil's Claudio Taffarel in an infamous quarter-final game that Argentina eventually lost in a penalty shootout after Brazilian striker Tulio Costa scored the Brazilian equalizer with 10 minutes to go \u2013 after clearly controlling the ball with his arm.\n\n\nPost-retirement and coaching\nAfter his retirement, Balbo eventually became a musician, performing songs in Italian and Spanish. He took his UEFA Pro coaching badges in 2007, and currently works as a football commentator for RAI Radio1.In February 2009 he took his first head coaching job, succeeding to Luca Gotti as manager of bottom-table Serie B club Treviso. He resigned only a few rounds later, on 18 March, after having achieved only one point in four games, citing lack of professionalism and organizational issues as the main reasons for his choice to step down as Treviso manager.In November 2010 he was appointed as new technical area coordinator and assistant coach of Serie D club Atletico Arezzo until the end of the season.In the season 2012\u201313 he coached the Serie D club Arezzo from the start of the season until 30 October 2012, when he left by mutual consent with the club. He successively worked as football commentator for Italian public broadcasting group RAI.\nIn June 2022, after almost ten years without a coaching job, Balbo moved back to Argentina to accept the managerial position at Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n club Central C\u00f3rdoba (SdE). On 20 October 2022, after guiding his club to safety in the 2022 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Central C\u00f3rdoba announced the departure of Balbo by the end of the season.\n\n\nStyle of play\nDescribed as \"an authentic centre-forward,\" by Il Corriere dello Sport in 2019, Balbo was a physically strong forward, with good feet and a powerful shot, who was renowned for his composure in front of goal and his efficient playing style. He was mainly known for his eye for goal and his movement, in particular inside the penalty area, which also made him a threat on counter\u2013attacks; he also excelled in the air. In addition to his playing ability, he was also known to be a correct player.\n\n\nPersonal life\nAbel Balbo is married and a practising Roman Catholic.\n\n\nCareer statistics\n\n\nClub\n1 Includes 1 appearance and 1 goal in the Serie B Relegation tie-breaker for the 1992\u201393 Serie A season.\n2 Includes 1 appearance in the 2001 Supercoppa Italiana.\n\n\nInternational\nSource:\n\n\nHonours\n\n\nClub\nNewell's Old Boys\n\nArgentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n: 1987\u201388Parma\n\nCoppa Italia: 1998\u201399\nUEFA Cup: 1998\u201399Roma\n\nSerie A: 2000\u201301\nSupercoppa Italiana: 2001\n\n\nInternational\nArgentina\nFIFA World Cup: 1990 runner-up\nCopa Am\u00e9rica: 1989 bronze medalist\n\n\nIndividual\nSerie B Top-Scorer: 1990\u201391 (22 goals, with Udinese)\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\n\nOfficial website (in Italian)\n\"Futbol Factory profile\" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2017.\nAbel Balbo at National-Football-Teams.com"}}}}
part_xaa/aage_ki_soch
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aage_Ki_Soch","to":"Aage Ki Soch"}],"pages":{"15927254":{"pageid":15927254,"ns":0,"title":"Aage Ki Soch","extract":"Aage Ki Soch is 1988 Hindi language Drama movie directed by Dada Kondke, starring Shakti Kapoor, Swapna, Raza Murad and Satish Shah.\n\n\nCast\nShakti Kapoor\nSwapna\nRaza Murad\nSatish Shah\nDada Kondke\nHuma Khan\nManorama Wagle\n\n\nSoundtrack\n\n\nExternal links\nAage Ki Soch at IMDb\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/aashayam
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"redirects":[{"from":"Aashayam","to":"Aasayam"}],"pages":{"43696919":{"pageid":43696919,"ns":0,"title":"Aasayam","extract":"Aasayam (transl. Aim) is a 1993 Telugu-language political film, produced by A. M. Rathnam under the Sri Surya Movies banner and directed by A. Mohan Gandhi. It is a lady oriented movie with Vijayashanti playing the lead role and Jagapathi Babu in another important role and music composed by Raj\u2013Koti. The film won two Nandi Awards.\n\n\nPlot\nThe film begins with political warfare in a state where a skirmish becomes active between Chief Minister & Home Minister Reddappa. Sarojini is a spirited and plucky student daughter of Collector Chakrapani. She is admired and endeared by her fellow collegian Suri Babu that always shields her against dangers. Chakrapani is a forthright candid who induces Sarojini to move in his footsteps. He also ostracized his wicked son Inspector Sagar. Once, Chakrapani exposes a scam committed by Home Minister. So, he is slain which is witnessed by Sarojini. Here, Sagar manipulates and cracks the case. Yet, Sarojini remains resolute and combats crime. But unbeknownst she grips the Home Minister where she is accused of attempted homicide and abuse. At that point, she gains great acclaim. Exploiting it, CM acquits and makes her contest as M.L.A. in upcoming elections where she triumphs. At every level, Suri Babu stands in for her, and they are nuptials. Gradually, Sarojini dethrones the Home Minister by divulging his diabolic shade and receives his seat. Meanwhile, Manoj, CM\u2019s son doublecrosses his father by jumbling with Home Minister and also slaughters a journalist. Then, unhesitantly, Sarojani apprehends Manoj. Moreover, she decides to produce all the pieces of evidence against the government before the Governor on eve of Independence Day. Thus, begrudged CM mingles with Home Minister, and they plot to assassinate Sarojini. During the event, CM is backstabbed by Home Minister whom Sarojini recuses and reforms. In that havoc, Suri Babu sacrifices his life while guarding Sarojini. At last, CM confesses his sin and entrusts the government to Sarojini. Finally, the movie ends with Sarojini proceeding forward with her public service.\n\n\nCast\n\n\nAwards\nNandi Awards - 1993Best Story Writer - Paruchuri Brothers\nBest Supporting Actor - Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao\n\n\nOther\nVCDs and DVDs on - VOLGA Videos, Hyderabad\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAasayam at IMDb"}}}}
part_xaa/abdallah_ibn_rashid_ibn_kawus
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdallah_ibn_Rashid_ibn_Kawus","to":"Abdallah ibn Rashid ibn Kawus"}],"pages":{"44755801":{"pageid":44755801,"ns":0,"title":"Abdallah ibn Rashid ibn Kawus","extract":"Abdallah ibn Rashid ibn Kawus (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u0633) was the Abbasid governor of Tarsus and the Cilician borderlands (ath-thughur ash-Shamiya) between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire in ca. 878.\nIn summer 878, he led 4,000 men in one of the customary raids (\u1e63\u0101'ifa) against the Byzantine frontier provinces. He first marched against the forts of al-Hasin and al-Maskanin, taking much booty. As he turned back, however, he was encircled in the area of Podandos by the assembled forces of the Byzantine commands of Seleucia, Pisidia, Qurra (Koron), Kawkab (unidentified) and Harshana (Charsianon). The ensuing battle was a disaster for the Muslims, only 500 or 600 of whom survived it; Abdallah himself was heavily wounded and taken prisoner to Emperor Basil I the Macedonian in Constantinople. This battle is probably to be equated with the defeat of the unnamed \"Emir of Tarsus\" by the Domestic of the Schools Andrew the Scythian mentioned for about the same period by the Byzantine sources.At about the time of Abdallah's capture, control over the Cilician marches, as with the rest of Syria, passed from the Abbasid central government to the ambitious autonomous ruler of Egypt, Ahmad ibn Tulun, who appointed a certain Takhshi to succeed Abdallah. In the next year, Emperor Basil sent Abdallah as a gift, alongside other Muslim prisoners and several captured copies of the Quran to Ahmad ibn Tulun.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nCitations\n\n\nWorks cited\nLilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013). Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt (in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.\nStern, S. M. (1960). \"The Coins of Thamal and of Other Governors of Tarsus\". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 80 (3): 217\u2013225. doi:10.2307/596170. JSTOR 596170."}}}}
part_xaa/aaron_chatman
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aaron_Chatman","to":"Aaron Chatman"}],"pages":{"21534756":{"pageid":21534756,"ns":0,"title":"Aaron Chatman","extract":"Aaron Chatman (born 11 May 1987) is an Australian right arm amputee Paralympic athlete competing in class T47 men's high jump, long jump and 100 m. He has won silver and bronze medals at the Summer Paralympics.\n\n\nAthletics\nAt the 2006 IPC Athletics World Championships in Assen, he won a silver medal in the men's high jump F44/46. In 2007, he broke the world high jump record F44/46 with a jump of 2.05m at the 2007 ACT Championships.He competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There he won a silver medal in the men's high jump F44/46 event where he cleared 2.02m and a bronze medal in the men's 4 \u00d7 100 m relay T42\u201346 event. He was coached by Irina Dvoskina. He nearly missed competing due to chicken pox keeping him isolated in Hong Kong prior to the Games.He returned to competition at the 2016 Rio Paralympics where he won the bronze medal in the Men's High Jump T45-47 with a jump of 1.99m.At the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships in London, England, he won a silver medal in the Men's High Jump T47 with a jump of 1.94 m and ewas coached by Gary Bourne.\n Chatman finished fifth in the Men's High Jump T47 at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai with a jump of 1.87m.He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder coached by Irina Dvoskina. He announced his retirement in November 2020 after experiencing complications with a chronic injury.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAaron Chatman at the International Paralympic Committee\nAaron Chatman at Paralympics Australia\nAaron Chatmann at Athletics Australia\nAaron Chatman at Australian Athletics Historical Results (archive)"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_august_krantz
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_August_Krantz","to":"Adam August Krantz"}],"pages":{"34281056":{"pageid":34281056,"ns":0,"title":"Adam August Krantz","extract":"Adam August Krantz (6 December 1808 in Neumarkt in Schlesien \u2013 6 April 1872 in Berlin) was a German mineralogist.\n\n\nLife\nIn 1833 he founded a mineral dealership in 1833 in Freiberg while a student at Freiberg Mining Academy. In 1836 the company moved to Br\u00fcderstra\u00dfe 39 in Berlin. The next move was to Bonn in 1850. August Kranz became one of the foremost mineral dealers in Europe.\nAugust Krantz's son-in-law, Theodor Hoffmann ran the business following Krantz's death in 1872. Hoffmann sold Krantz's \nown collection of over 14,000 mineral specimens to the Mineralogisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t Bonn de:Mineralogisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t Bonn and ran the dealership until 1888, assisted by the mineralogist Carl Hintze.\nAugust's nephew, Friedrich Ludwig Robert Krantz (1859-1926) joined the Krantz firm in 1888 and managed it from 1891 changing the name from \"A. Krantz\" or \"Dr. A, Krantz\" to \"Dr. F. Krantz and later to \"Dr. F. Krantz, Rheinisches Mineralien-Kontor\". In 1926 his widow Olga took charge of the business, with her nephew, Fritz Krantz. Fritz had worked for Ward's Natural Science Establishment in Rochester U.S.A. In 1974 Fritz Krantz transferred the dealership to his daughter Renate Krantz.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nFurther reading\nKrantz, R. (1984) 150 Jahre Firma Dr. Krantz.Die \u00e4lteste deursche Mineralien-Handlung. Der Pr\u00e4parator, 30, no.1, p. 221-226. Bochum.\nFitz, O. (1993) Eine Sammlung Erz\u00e4hlt; Beitrage zu Inhalt und Geschichte der Mineralien- und Gesteinssammlung an der Abteilung Baugeologie des Institutes f\u00fcr Bodenforschung und Baugeologie, Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Bodenkultur, Wien. Sonderheft 1, Mitteilungen des Institutes f\u00fcr Bodenforschung und Baugeologie, Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Bodenkultur, Wien, 80 p.\nSpencer, L. J. (1927) Biographical notices of mineralogists recently deceased. Mineralogical Magazine, 21, 239-240.\n\n\nExternal links\nKranz"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_applegarth
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_Applegarth","to":"Adam Applegarth"}],"redirects":[{"from":"Adam Applegarth","to":"Northern Rock","tofragment":"2007 crisis and nationalisation"}],"pages":{"499858":{"pageid":499858,"ns":0,"title":"Northern Rock","extract":"Northern Rock, formerly the Northern Rock Building Society, was a British bank. Based at Regent Centre in Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Northern Rock was originally a building society. It demutualised and became Northern Rock bank in 1997, when it floated on the London Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol NRK. During the early 2000s the company borrowed substantially to fund mortgages, with the aim of ambitious growth, and also donated large amounts to charitable purposes and communities directly and through sponsorships. The global banking crisis beginning around 2007\u201308 meant that it was unable to produce income as expected from its loans, and was at risk of being unable to repay the amounts it had borrowed. The news that the bank had approached the government for support with its liquidity led within 24 hours to a public lack of confidence and concerns that savings were at risk, and the bank failed following a bank run as people rushed to withdraw their savings. It was the first British bank in 150 years to fail due to a bank run.Unable to find a commercial buyer or secure the further government support needed, it was taken into public ownership in 2008, as an alternative to insolvency. By that point the government had extended liquidity support of tens of billions of pounds to Northern Rock. An inquiry concluded that the board had failed to properly protect the bank from the risks inherent in its strategy, or to restrain the executive directors where required, therefore although the bank had sufficient assets, it had become vulnerable.\nThe branch operations were eventually returned to private ownership when the branches and other retail operations were acquired by Virgin Group in 2012, being rebranded as Virgin Money the same year. The mortgage book of higher risk assets was renamed Northern Rock (Asset Management) and later \"NRAM plc\", and remained in public ownership until it was sold to Cerberus Capital Management in 2016.\n\n\nHistory\nNorthern Rock Building Society was formed in 1965 by the merger of two North East of England building societies: the Northern Counties Permanent Building Society (established in 1850) and the Rock Building Society (established in 1865). During the following 30 years, Northern Rock expanded through the acquisition of 53 smaller building societies, and most notably the North of England Building Society in 1994.Along with many other UK building societies in the 1990s, Northern Rock chose to demutualise as a building society and float on the stock exchange as a bank. Throughout this period an argument against demutualisation was that the assets of a mutual society were built up by its members throughout its history, not just by current members, and that demutualisation was a betrayal of the community that the societies were created to serve. Northern Rock chose to address these concerns by establishing the Northern Rock Foundation, which funded community-based projects. At its Stock Exchange flotation on 1 October 1997 (when it converted from a building society to a bank), Northern Rock distributed shares to members with savings accounts and mortgage loans; the flotation share price was \u00a34.51908. It joined the stock exchange as a minor bank.\nIn 2000, it was promoted to the FTSE 100 Index. After the 2007 crisis, it was demoted to the FTSE 250 in December of that year, before suspension upon nationalisation.\nOn 14 September 2007 the bank sought and received a liquidity support facility from the Bank of England, following problems in the credit markets caused by the financial crisis of 2007\u20132008. The bank was more exposed than others to restrictions in the supply of credit because of the way it had funded its expansion.\nThe bank was nationalised at 00:01 on 22 February 2008 following two unsuccessful bids to take over the bank, neither being able to fully commit to repayment of taxpayers' money. In doing so, the Government effectively took ownership of the insolvent institution away from its shareholders, without reimbursement. The media reported cases where some shareholders had their life savings in the shares, which were taken from them. The shares had already lost over 90% of their value prior to nationalisation, and were valued at nil in an independent valuation process, as the government had not guaranteed aid. This would later form part of shareholder's action to seek compensation as, at that point, the aid was certain and the company had never stopped operating as a going concern.A substantial reduction in the staff was announced in 2008, with 800 people made compulsorily redundant in July of that year, and another 500 taking voluntary redundancy. The bank planned to make another 700 redundant by 2011.On 1 January 2010 the bank was split into two parts, assets and banking. In June 2011 the bank was officially put up for sale back to the private sector, and on 17 November 2011 it was announced that Virgin Money was going to buy Northern Rock plc for \u00a3747 million up front and other potential payments of up to \u00a3280 million over the next few years. The sale went through on 1 January 2012. The government said it had no plans to sell Northern Rock (Asset Management) and there would be no further job losses, except for those already announced. Virgin also pledged to keep the headquarters of the bank in Newcastle upon Tyne. The combined business now operates under the Virgin Money brand.On 12 October 2012 Northern Rock plc was renamed Virgin Money plc, and Virgin Money Limited was renamed Northern Rock Limited. By this time the Northern Rock website had effectively become a 'soft redirect' to Virgin Money's website.\n\n\n2007 crisis and nationalisation\n\n\nBackground\nUnder non-executive chairman Matt Ridley and Chief Executive Adam Applegarth, Northern Rock had a business plan which involved borrowing heavily in the UK and international money markets, extending mortgages to customers based on this funding, and then re-selling these mortgages on international capital markets, in a process known as securitisation.\nIn 2007, there was much press attention given to the growing crisis due to subprime mortgage lending, particularly in the United States. Amid the resultant unease by August 2007, global demand from investors for securitised mortgages had fallen away, and Northern Rock was unable to raise funding by selling its securitised loan books, and therefore became unable to repay short-term loans from the money market. This problem had been anticipated by the financial markets, which drew greater attention to it. The major UK banks also faced the same problems raising funding, but as less of their business model was reliant upon securitisation, the effective freezing of the market in August 2007 was less critical.\n\n\n2007 crisis and initial responses\nOn 14 September 2007, the bank sought and received a liquidity support facility from the Bank of England, to replace funds it was unable to raise from the money market. Reporting of this complex scenario led to panic among individual depositors, who feared that their savings might not be available should Northern Rock go into receivership. The result was a bank run \u2013 the UK's first in 150 years \u2013 where depositors lined up outside the bank to withdraw all of their savings as quickly as possible, particularly since many other people were doing the same.As the UK government provided the liquidity support facility, they also exerted pressure on the bank to create a longer-term recovery plan. Over the next few months, there were numerous changes to the board of directors and executive team.\nOn 19 October, chairman Matt Ridley resigned and was replaced by Bryan Sanderson, a former Managing Director of BP. Chief Executive Adam Applegarth's resignation was then announced in mid-November, with the caveat that he would remain with the group until it established independent funding or was purchased. Four non-executive directors, Sir Derek Wanless, Nichola Pease, Adam Fenwick and Rosemary Radcliffe also resigned. A month later, Applegarth left and former Marketing Director, Andy Kuipers, was appointed Chief Executive. Kuipers had been with the bank since the 1990s.\nNotably, Dave Jones, the Group Finance Director through the crisis, had only been in his role since the retirement of Bob Bennett in January 2007. Alongside Applegarth, Bennett had been one of the architects of the bank's flotation in 1997 and its subsequent substantial growth. He had been wary of its continued aggressive growth strategy, which would continue up until summer 2007, despite the increasing volatility in the markets on which Northern Rock relied. Commentators later suggested that with Bennett's retirement, the executive board was dominated by Applegarth. A report by the Financial Services Authority conceded in February 2008 that it had been wrong to consider Northern Rock low risk, and as a result had given the company too little scrutiny.The group was criticised when it emerged that they had begun to pay in excess of 150 senior staff members substantial retention bonuses. Northern Rock hoped the bonuses would enable them to retain critical staff members at risk of being poached by other companies. It had previously been criticised in 1998 when the pay of the executive team that led the flotation was 40% higher in the year following.In late 2007, Virgin Money was named as the preferred bidder for the group, with Olivant Group later beginning talks around takeover.\n\n\nNationalisation\nOn 22 February 2008, the bank was taken into state ownership as a result of two unsuccessful bids to take over the bank, neither being able to fully commit to repayment of taxpayers' money within three years. The bank is managed at \"arm's length\" by the government through UK Financial Investments.The bank planned to repay the government debt within three to four years, primarily by encouraging mortgage customers to take their mortgage to another lender. Costs were also reduced by reducing numbers of staff. As of 3 March 2009, the bank was repaying the loan well ahead of target, owing a net balance of only \u00a38.9 billion of the loan which stood at \u00a326.9 billion at the end of 2007.By October, customers appeared to be regaining confidence in the bank, when it emerged that there had been a surge in the number of new accounts which had been opened. People perceived Northern Rock as a safe place to put their money, given that it was currently government owned. However, there was no guarantee that if Northern Rock was to fail that the government would top-up any compensation over and above the standard \u00a385,000 offered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme.Former shareholders and hedge funds also took legal action in January 2009 to get compensation for their shares; the shareholders lost the case. They also lost their appeals in the British courts, but hoped to take the case to the European courts. However, on 8 December 2009, it was announced that the valuer Andrew Caldwell had decided that the Northern Rock shareholders should get no compensation.On 23 February 2009, Northern Rock announced that they would be offering \u00a314 billion worth of new mortgages, over the next two years, as a part of their new business plan. This new lending was partly funded by an increase in the government loan and a reversal of previous strategy to pay the loan off as quickly as possible by actively encouraging mortgage customers to leave when their mortgage deal matured. The reason for this change was government policy to increase the availability of credit. This \u00a314 billion was to be split into \u00a35 billion in 2009 and \u00a39 billion in 2010.Potential buyers for the bank included Virgin Money, National Australia Bank, NBNK, Santander, Blackstone, Tesco, TowerBrook, Yorkshire Building Society and Coventry Building Society. Former Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling had stated that he was in no \"hurry\" to return the bank to the private sector.The bank was split into two parts, assets and banking on 1 January 2010. On 15 June 2011, it was announced that the bank was to be sold to a single buyer in the private sector by the end of the year. On 22 March 2011, the bank issued its first mortgage securitisation since the 2007 recession which nearly brought the bank down.\n\n\nPurchase by Virgin Money\nOn 17 November 2011, it was announced that Virgin Money was going to buy Northern Rock plc for \u00a3747 million. The sale was completed on 1 January 2012, and by July of that year a further \u00a373 million deferred consideration was paid by Virgin. In 2014 Virgin Money repaid a further \u00a3154.5 million that it had received as part of the refinancing package.\n\n\nOperations\n\nNorthern Rock has been one of the top five mortgage lenders in the United Kingdom in terms of gross lending according to Council of Mortgage Lenders statistics.As well as mortgages, the bank also deals with savings accounts and insurance. Home and contents insurance was dealt with by AXA whilst Legal & General, whose mortgage book Northern Rock acquired, arranged life insurance investments.\nThe bank offered credit cards until 2003, when it sold the business to The Co-operative Bank in order to free capital for its rapid growth in mortgage lending, making a profit of more than \u00a37 million. Northern Rock continued to sell credit cards under its own brand through The Co-operative Bank until November 2007; the decision to stop was made before the 2007 crisis.In 2006 the bank had moved into sub-prime lending via a deal with Lehman Brothers. Although the mortgages were sold under Northern Rock's brand through intermediaries, the risk was being underwritten by Lehman Brothers.At the time of being bought by Virgin the bank had 75 branches that have since been re-branded under the Virgin Money name. In 2012 Northern Rock began to provide Virgin-branded savings accounts.\n\n\nLocation\n\nThe bank was based on a large site at the Regent Centre in Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne called Northern Rock House. It had customer contact centre operations at both North of England House in Doxford International Business Park in Sunderland and at its head office. The bank developed a site at Rainton Bridge, which it sold to Npower.\n\n\nGosforth site\nNorthern Rock completed the redevelopment of the Gosforth site, Northern Rock House, in the 2000s, which saw the development some new buildings as well as the demolition of their original 1960s tower block during Spring 2006.\nA new tower block, simply known as The Tower, was completed in November 2008, originally intended to create 1500 jobs, and act as the main entrance and focal point of the company headquarters. The local council, Newcastle City Council, purchased the building for \u00a322 million, and leased it to a green support services company, Eaga (now Carillion Energy), as it was surplus to the bank's requirements at the time.The Kielder and Prudhoe buildings of the Gosforth site were completed in the early 1990s, behind which lies the distinctive glass-fronted Alnwick building. The main Atrium reception is adjacent to this, opening out onto Baker Street, a large covered atrium that housed a restaurant, shop and on-site branch. A number of other buildings, all named after North-Eastern castles are joined to Baker Street.\n\n\nOutside the UK\nA sub-division in Guernsey was established in February 1996, handling offshore savings and investment accounts. The Guernsey business was shut down on 2 September 2010.Northern Rock opened a branch in Ireland on 16 November 1999 and the first branch in Northern Ireland followed on 4 April 2007. The first branch of the bank opened in Denmark on 7 February 2007; however as part of the Government restructuring, the Danish operations ceased on 18 June 2008. The \u20ac650 million worth of Irish deposits were sold to Permanent TSB in 2011.\n\n\nCorporate image\n\nIn 2000 Northern Rock introduced a new corporate identity consisting of a magenta square containing the company name. This replaced the NR 'blocks' logo. The Northern Rock Foundation also changed its logo in 2003 from the NR 'blocks' inline with the main company, using the same new typeface. The Red Box Design Group designed all the currently standing buildings at the company's headquarters in Gosforth and have contributed to many of the other design aspects of the company, such as the in-branch styling. From 1 October 1997 until the government nationalisation, the bank used the symbol NRK on the London Stock Exchange.\nOne of Northern Rock's final advertising campaigns before the purchase by Virgin was titled 'Works for Me' and featured local customers. Following the purchase by Virgin, the Northern Rock brand was gradually phased out during 2012. Upon buying Northern Rock, Virgin Money changed their logo to use both Virgin's red and Northern Rock's magenta colours.\n\n\nBoard of directors\n\nPrior to the credit crisis the company had focused on developing its own staff, and most appointments, including the chief executive, were made internally.\nAt the time of the 2007 financial crisis Matt Ridley was the chairman and Adam Applegarth was the chief executive. Ridley resigned in October 2007 and Applegarth resigned in November 2007, although the latter stayed on in a caretaker role until December 2007. The chief financial officer was Andy Kuipers, who joined the company in 1987. After Applegarth's departure, Kuipers became the interim chief executive prior to the nationalisation before retiring on 31 August 2008.In February 2008, Ron Sandler was appointed executive chairman by the government. Gary Hoffman became chief executive of Northern Rock in October 2008. With the appointment of Gary Hoffman, Ron Sandler changed to a non-executive chairman position.\nSince the split of the bank into Northern Rock plc and Northern Rock (Asset Management) plc on 1 January 2010, each company had its boards of directors. On 4 November 2010 Northern Rock announced that Gary Hoffman had left the bank and was to move to NBNK Investments as CEO. One of the stipulations of Hoffman's appointment at NBNK was that they could not table a bid for Northern Rock for a period of 12 months.Prior to being bought by Virgin the board of Northern Rock plc at 8 April 2010 was:\n\nChairman: Ron Sandler\nChief Executive: Gary Hoffman\nChief Financial Officer: Jim McConville\nExecutive Directors: Rick Hunkin\nNon-Executive Directors: Laurie Adams, Richard Coates, Mike Fairey, Mark Pain, Mary Phibbs\n\n\nSponsorship\nThe company sponsored many local sports clubs and events, including Newcastle United Football Club, Newcastle Falcons (rugby union), Newcastle Eagles (basketball), Durham and Middlesex County Cricket clubs, professional golfer Paul Eales and the cycling festival Northern Rock Cyclone.The sponsorship of Newcastle United began in 2003, and was set to expire in 2010, before an extension to 2014. However this extension included a get-out clause in June 2012, which was activated in November 2011. While under government control the bank continued their sponsorship agreement. The five-year deal from 2005 to 2010 was worth \u00a325 million, and the 4-year extension was to be worth between \u00a31.5 million and \u00a310 million. In 2012 after Virgin bought the bank, Virgin Money signed a 2-year deal to sponsor Newcastle United initially using the remaining time of Northern Rock's deal that was cut short; this deal was again itself later cut short.In 2005, to coincide with the Spirit of the Tall Ships Festival, Northern Rock enlisted the help of Red Box Interiors to create a temporary art installation at The Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art on the Gateshead Quay of the Tyne. The art entitled \"Northern Rock @ Baltic\" included mobile light stem sculptures and large scale external graphics.Northern Rock sponsored the North East Premier League competition for recreational club cricket. In 2006 Northern Rock sponsored the All*Star Cup celebrity Golf match, which was shown on ITV. The bank also sponsors a junior golf tournament, The Northern Rock Junior Golf Festival, held at Matfen Hall.In 2007, almost three weeks before the bank had to appeal to the Bank of England for an emergency loan, the bank bought the home ground of Newcastle Falcons Rugby Club, Kingston Park stadium for \u00a315 million. In February 2008, documents relating to the sale came to light, attracting much criticism that the purchase has been made at a time of impending crisis. In late 2008 the bank sold Kingston Park Stadium to Northumbria University for an undisclosed fee. While under government control the bank continued to sponsor Newcastle Falcons; the sponsorship agreement with the Falcons came to an end before the start of the 2010/11 season.\n\n\nNorthern Rock Foundation\nThe company donated substantial amounts annually to its own independent charity, the Northern Rock Foundation.\n\n\nSee also\n\nNorthern Rock (Asset Management)\nNorthern Rock Foundation\nNationalisation of Northern Rock\nPartnership House and Regent Centre\nGranite (Northern Rock vehicle)\nUKFI and UKAR\nBanking (Special Provisions) Act 2008\nVirgin Money UK\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\n\nVirgin Money UK Archived 31 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine\nNorthern Rock (Asset Management) plc (Separate company)\nNorthern Rock Foundation\nNorthern Rock Shareholder Action Group"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_ledwon
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_Ledwo\u0144","to":"Adam Ledwo\u0144"}],"pages":{"13430081":{"pageid":13430081,"ns":0,"title":"Adam Ledwo\u0144","extract":"Adam Ryszard Ledwo\u0144 (January 15, 1974 \u2013 June 11, 2008) was a Polish professional footballer who played as a midfielder.\n\n\nCareer\nLedwo\u0144 was born in Olesno, Upper Silesia, Poland.\nHe played for Bayer 04 Leverkusen (1997\u20131999), Fortuna K\u00f6ln (1999\u20132000), Austria Wien (2000\u20132003), VfB Admira Wacker M\u00f6dling (2003\u20132005), Sturm Graz (2005\u20132007). The last club for which he played for was the Austrian team, SK Austria K\u00e4rnten. He played 18 matches for the Poland national team, scoring one goal.\n\n\nDeath\nLedwo\u0144 was found hanged at his home in Klagenfurt in June 2008.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAdam Ledwo\u0144 at WorldFootball.net\nAdam Ledwo\u0144 at fussballdaten.de (in German)"}}}}
part_xaa/abrera
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"6230679":{"pageid":6230679,"ns":0,"title":"Abrera","extract":"Abrera (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259\u02c8\u03b2\u027ee\u027e\u0259]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Baix Llobregat in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the valley of the Llobregat river, to the south-east of \nMontserrat, on the main A2 road between Barcelona and Lleida. The municipality is served by the FGC railway line from Martorell to Manresa: the S4 and R5 services stop at the station.\nAbrera is home to The SEAT Sport factory.\n\n\nDemography\nAccording to Spanish census data, this is the population of Abrera in recent years.\n\n\nReferences\n\nPanareda Clop\u00e9s, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). Guia de Catalunya, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan).\n\n\nExternal links\nAbrera's Town Hall\nGovernment data pages (in Catalan)"}}}}
part_xaa/adam_mekki
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Adam_Mekki","to":"Adam Mekki"}],"pages":{"31136720":{"pageid":31136720,"ns":0,"title":"Adam Mekki","extract":"Adam Rhys Mekki (born 24 December 1991) is an English football midfielder of Welsh descent who plays for Dorking Wanderers.\n\n\nPlaying career\n\n\nClub\nMekki spent his youth at the Reading academy, before switching to Aldershot Town in 2006. He signed a professional contract with the club in the summer of 2009. In January 2011 he was loaned out to Southern Football League Premier Division side Oxford City, scoring two goals in six appearances. He made his Aldershot debut on 12 February 2011, replacing Jermaine McGlashan 81 minutes into a goalless draw at the Recreation Ground. He made his second appearance on 8 March, playing 45 minutes of a 1\u20130 win over Torquay United after replacing Albert Jarrett at half-time. On 26 April, it was announced that he had signed a two-year contract extension with the club. Mekki left Aldershot on 17 June 2014 after failing to agree terms on a new deal.Mekki joined Barnet on a short-term deal on 12 August 2014. He made his debut when he started a home game against Dartford on 25 August. After eleven appearances in all competitions, without scoring, Mekki was released by Barnet to find first-team football elsewhere. He was not paid a wage during his time at the club.Mekki signed for Dover Athletic on 15 January 2015 until the end of the season.After leaving Dover, Mekki had a trial with Tranmere Rovers, in which he scored in a pre-season friendly against Shrewsbury Town. The trial was successful, and Mekki signed a six-month contract with the club. Following a successful season, Mekki signed a new one-year deal with Tranmere, with the option for a further 12 months.At the end of the 2016\u20132017 season, Mekki was released by Tranmere and signed for National League rivals Bromley.On 7 June 2017, Mekki signed for Bromley.Having been defeated in the National League South play-off final for Ebbsfleet United, Mekki joined winning finalists Dorking Wanderers in June 2022.\n\n\nInternational\nIn August 2012 Mekki was named as a standby player for the Wales under-21 squad.\n\n\nCareer statistics\n\n\nClub\nAs of 15 May 2020\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nExternal links\nAdam Mekki at Soccerbase \nProfile at the official Aldershot Town site"}}}}
part_xaa/acarassus
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"pages":{"44753921":{"pageid":44753921,"ns":0,"title":"Acarassus","extract":"Acarassus or Akarassos was a city in ancient Lycia.\nThe town, with high probability, was located at the site of today's Elmal\u0131, Antalya Province, Turkey.\n\n\nBishopric\nSince it was in the Roman province of Lycia, the bishopric of Acarassus was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Myra, the province's capital. It is listed in all the Notitiae Episcopatuum from the mid-7th century to about 1300. The name of only one of its bishops is known with certainty: Nicolaus attended the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and was one of the signatories of the letter that the Lycian bishops sent in 458 to Byzantine Emperor Leo I the Thracian to protest about the murder of Proterius of Alexandria. Because of the similarity of the names of Acarassus in Lycia and Acrassus in Lydia, it is unclear to which of these two sees two other bishops belonged, one of whom was at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, the other at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879): Le Quien, P\u00e9trid\u00e8s, and Darrouz\u00e8s differ in their interpretations.No longer a residential bishopric, Acarassus is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nLiterature\nGustav Hirschfeld, article Akarassos in Paulys Realencyclop\u00e4die der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vol. I,1, p. Stuttgart 1893, p. 1150. (see German-language Wikisource)\nLouis Robert: Hellenica, vol 10, Paris 1955, pp. 207\u2013208.\nHansgerd Hellenkemper, Friedrich Hild: Lykien und Pamphylien (Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8.) Verlag der \u00d6sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3280-8, pp. 425-426.\n\n\nExternal links\nEntry in Pleiades database"}}}}
part_xaa/abdul_rahman_jabarah
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Abdul_Rahman_Jabarah","to":"Abdul Rahman Jabarah"}],"pages":{"16950757":{"pageid":16950757,"ns":0,"title":"Abdul Rahman Jabarah","extract":"Abdul Rahman Jabarah (\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629) was a Canadian killed in a July 2003 firefight with Saudi Arabian officials who believed he was involved in the Riyadh compound bombings by al-Qaeda.\n\n\nLife\nThe brother of Mohammed Jabarah and a former student at Brock University, the University of Ottawa and Carleton University,In February 2001, Jabarah left Afghanistan to visit his parents in Kuwait City, and agreed to accompany them on the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, since his mother had not been before. After having a \"lovely time\", the three of them returned to Canada - where border officials questioned the Pakistani visa in Jabarah's passport.Jabarah met with his brother in Dubai in January 2002, when both were already considered wanted al-Qaeda suspects. \nFour months later when Mohammed was arrested in Oman, Jabarah phoned his father Mansour who warned him that Canadian authorities were looking for him.Their family immigrated to Canada on August 16, 1994. Their father, of Iraqi descent, opened a gas station in St. Catharines. \nBoth Jabarah and his brother returned to Kuwait every summer to visit relatives, where they met with Islamic teacher Sulaiman Abu Ghaith, who would later become a spokesman for al-Qaeda.In July 2000, Abdul Rahman left for an Afghan training camp, and the following month Mohammed flew to Kuwait where he met with Ghaith who paid his fare to Karachi, from whence he traveled to Peshawar and hiked on foot into Torkham where the two brothers met up, waiting for their promised camp to finish construction and hanging around the Sheik Shaheed Abu Yahya Training Camp near Kabul instead.In January 2001, he returned to his family in Canada, before embarking on the Hajj to Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, Mohammed attended a 10-week program at Al Farouq training camp before moving into a guesthouse in Kandahar where his brother later visited him.Jabarah met with his brother Mohammed in Dubai in January 2002, when both were already considered wanted al-Qaeda suspects; likely because Mohammed's Canadian passport had been found on December 8\u20139 in a raid by Singaporean authorities on suspected al-Qaeda militants.\n\n\nDeath\nHe wasn't heard from again until July 2003, when Saudi Arabia announced he had been killed in a shoot-out with al-Qaeda forces believed to be responsible for the Riyadh compound bombings earlier that year, with some even suggesting he had been a commander.At 5pm on May 6, the Saudi authorities raided a weapons cache in the Eshbiliah Quarter of Riyadh, and seized 55 grenades, five large bags filled with 377 kilograms of explosives, four machine guns with three boxes containing approximately 2,250 rounds, five computers, telecommunication devices, travel documents, identity cards, notebooks, bulletins, 253,717 Riyals and 5,300 American dollars. A search of the compound also turned up a parked car with three machine guns and a number of masks. The militants drove up while the police were searching the house, and quickly fled the scene until their car stalled, at which point they carjacked a nearby driver and escaped. Six days later, the group carried out the Riyadh compound bombings that killed 26-34 people, including 9 American citizens. The authorities subsequently issued a list of 19 names tied to the bombing, including Jabarah, Zubayr al-Rimi, Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Faqasi and four of the dead bombers.The July 3 raid in Zuhair had targeted the home of local Imam Musaad Hamdam Faleh al-Ruwaily, who surrendered himself along with Hassan Hadi al-Dossari. However, Turki al-Dandani, Rajeh al-Ajami, Amaash al-Subaie and Jabarah remained in the house and engaged in a firefight, in which they were all killed, or blew themselves up with grenades. In addition, Mohammed al-Suqabi, Nassir al-Ruwaily and Mahmoud Hazbar were arrested while trying to escape the scene.His parents were not allowed to see or claim his body.In December 2003, he was eulogised in a speech by al-Qaeda as a fallen martyr, in a tape labeled \"The Martyrs of the Confrontations in Bilad al-Haramain\".\n\n\nReferences"}}}}
part_xaa/aarhus_godsbanegard
/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/85588519093439-config-parquet-and-info-bene-ges-wikipedia_en-11aafb40/downloads/20d0218b2bb6c703bf6ce1f70b8371c77346fec58d61ef78188f822f0ad117db
{"batchcomplete":"","query":{"normalized":[{"from":"Aarhus_Godsbaneg\u00e5rd","to":"Aarhus Godsbaneg\u00e5rd"}],"redirects":[{"from":"Aarhus Godsbaneg\u00e5rd","to":"Godsbanen"}],"pages":{"37186553":{"pageid":37186553,"ns":0,"title":"Godsbanen","extract":"Godsbanen is a cultural centre in central Aarhus, Denmark since 2012. The site and most of the buildings are a former goods station, known as \"Aarhus Godsbaneg\u00e5rd\" (Aarhus Goods Station), which was in use from 1923 to 2000. It is located at the end of a broad sidetrack to the central railway yard of Aarhus. In December 2010, Realdania announced that the area would be gradually transformed into a modern city district, through a collaborative project with Aarhus Municipality. Apart from the new cultural centre of Godsbanen, there are plans to build several buildings and institutions along the former railway yard, including a new school of architecture.\n\n\nHistory\n\n \nOriginally, the goods station was situated at Aarhus Central Station, on the site now occupied by the Aarhus Bus Station.\nIn the 1890s, it was proposed to move the goods yard to M\u00f8lleengen. The plans for the move became part of the city planning in 1896 and 1898, but a full 27 years went by before they were executed. As the project was very costly, it led to extended discussions in both the city council and the national parliament, the latter being reluctant to provide funding for the project.\nOnly after a law was passed in 1917, covering relocation of the shunting yard and the goods station to M\u00f8lleengen near the Aarhus River, were the plans put into practice. In 1919, a new city plan was adopted and in 1920 work on the new goods station, known as \"Aarhus Godsbaneg\u00e5rd\" (Aarhus Goods Station), in Skovgaardsgade was able to start. Owing to difficult soil conditions, extensive piling work had to be carried out, including 1,150,000 m3 of landfill which was moved by hand. In addition, a portion of the river was moved further north, and 3,000 fir trunks were pounded in to a depth of 20 meters as foundations for the facility's new buildings. The engineer responsible for the foundation work was track manager Thorvald Engqvist.\nThe goods station's main building was designed in a Neo-Baroque style by architect Heinrich Wenck and built in 1920-22 after a design phase that had begun in 1918. It was one of Wenck's last works as DSB's chief architect. The two-storey building is 15 bays long and is crowned by a hipped roof with a lantern and four ridge turrets together with a copper-clad spire topped by a Baroque onion dome. The facade is divided into lesenes. It is built of red brick and roofed with red tiles. The ventilation hoods and the flashing around the dormers are also in copper.\nPerpendicular to the main building are two warehouses, originally on either side of a yard where the tracks came to a blind end. This was where the loading and unloading of the incoming and outgoing freight trains took place. In 1972 and 1984, the yard between the warehouses was transformed into a building connecting the warehouses. In 1925, the shunting yard was inaugurated together with the goods station.\nMost buildings in the area have high preservation status in the Aarhus municipal atlas.\n\n\nCultural centre\n\nBeginning in 2009, the former goods station was renovated, the two warehouses was rebuilt and refurnished, and a new building was constructed in between. The new and old buildings now house the cultural centre of Godsbanen, opening on 30 March 2012, and organize a host of cultural arrangements and facilitates everyday cultural engagement for the citizens of Aarhus and surrounding suburbs. This includes theatre, dancing, music, film, artwork, printing, workshops, festivals and business networking. Since the opening of the centre, there has been a restaurant and caf\u00e9, at the center of the new building, but it has changed owners and concept several times. The former restaurant of Thorvalds (named after the original goods station's first manager Thorvald Engqvist) took over from Aarhus Folkek\u00f8kken (Aarhus Civic Kitchen) and is now replaced by Spiselauget. With slightly varying concepts, the restaurants has always focussed on sustainability and organic, seasonal and local produce.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\nSurroundings\n\nThe decommissioned railway lines leading up to the former freight station, has been unused for many years, but along with the construction of the Godsbanen cultural centre, independent cultural actors were allowed by the municipality to move in. This led to the do-it-yourself village of Institut for (X), a recycling station, and other time limited cultural and social projects sprouting in the area since 2009. The deal is that while no rent is paid, settlements and activities should give way for future construction projects in the area. Along with the new Godsbanen cultural centre, this whole area was unofficially dubbed Aarhus K (\"K\" for Kultur or Culture in Danish) as a kind of new cultural district for the city.Institut for (X) is a self-governed cultural commune for small independent businesses and cultural projects. Here caf\u00e9s, nightclubs, workshops, repair shops, skateboarding, urban farming, alternative construction and living quarters have emerged as a creative amalgam. Since 2019, when new construction in the area took of, much of Institut for (X) has been demolished, but the commune and organisation was so popular that plans for a more permanent future in the area is scheduled.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\nFuture projects\n\nNew building projects at Godsbanen includes several major education institutions, commercial functions and private, youth and social housing.Aarhus School of Architecture's new building is the first time ever a school of architecture is going to be built in Denmark. The Danish Building & Property Agency. The international competition was launched by The Danish Building & Property Agency and Aarhus School of Architecture with the assistance of the Danish Architects\u2019 Association and with funding from Realdania.\u00c6ggepakkeriet (The Egg Packery), is a new residencial highrise project with a mix of small creative shops and business premises at ground level. The project is a repurposing of a former egg packery in combination with three new buildings, all designed by Sleth Architects.Aarhus Produktionsskole (Aarhus Production School) was scheduled to start construction of a 3,000m2 new production school on 1 January 2017. Due to a national restructuring of all Danish productions schools into Forberedende Grunduddannelse (FGU), the construction was postponed. Pluskontoret Arkitekter is responsible for building advisory for Aarhus Production School.Godsbanekollegiet is a youth housing project by Kollegiekontoret in cooperation with Arbejdernes Andelsboligforening (AAB). For the part of Kollegiekontoret the project consists of an international student youth housing with 120-150 inhabitants. A competition has been completed for the project in 2016 with the support of the Ministry of Housing. Aarhus City Council handles the local plan for the project in autumn 2018 and construction is planned in the period 2019-21.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nSources\nS\u00f8ren Bitsch Christensen (ed.): \u00c5rhus Godsbaneg\u00e5rd - historie og kulturarvsanbefalinger. January 2009, Dansk Center for Byhistorie 2009. (in Danish)\n\n\nExternal links\n\nOfficial website\nInstitute for (X) official website"}}}}