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42454206 | American legislative district
Maryland's Legislative District 11 is one of 47 districts in the state for the Maryland General Assembly. It covers part of Baltimore County.
Demographic characteristics.
As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 127,808, of whom 99,934 (78.2%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 68,981 (54.0%) White, 36,640 (28.7%) African American, 416 (0.3%) Native American, 9,434 (7.4%) Asian, 22 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 5,042 (3.9%) from some other race, and 7,242 (5.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9,335 (7.3%) of the population.
The district had 86,284 registered voters as of October 17, 2020, of whom 14,542 (16.9%) were registered as unaffiliated, 18,171 (21.1%) were registered as Republicans, 52,312 (60.6%) were registered as Democrats, and 805 (0.9%) were registered to other parties.
Political representation.
The district is represented for the 2023–2027 legislative term in the State Senate by Shelly L. Hettleman (D) and in the House of Delegates by Cheryl Pasteur (D, District 11A), Jon S. Cardin (D, District 11B) and Dana M. Stein (D, District 11B).
References.
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42454206 | American politician (born 1983)
Alonzo T. Washington (born September 2, 1983) is an American politician, appointed to the Maryland Senate in 2023 to represent District 22, which covers Prince George's County. He previously represented the district in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2012 to 2023 after being appointed to the seat by Governor Martin O'Malley.
Early life and career.
Washington was born in Washington, D.C., and raised by his mother, Elizabeth Washington. When he was eight years old, he and his five siblings lived in a homeless shelter in College Park, Maryland. He graduated from Laurel High School in Laurel, Maryland. He was a member of both the track and football teams. Washington attended the University of Maryland, College Park, which he attended with help from the First Generation College Bound nonprofit, where he earned a bachelor's degree in criminal justice in 2007. While in college, he played football during his freshman year and was a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. Washington is the first person in his family to graduate from both high school and college.
After graduating, Washington worked for the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops as a paralegal. In 2008, he moved to the Prince George's County Council and where he worked as a community liaison and chief of staff to Prince George's County councilmember William A. Campos.
Washington first got involved with politics in 2005 by becoming a member of the Prince George's County Young Democrats association. He was a member of the Prince George's County Democratic Central Committee from 2010 to 2014, serving as its secretary from 2012 to 2014. He has also been a member of the Roosevelt Democratic Club since 2012. After the resignation of Delegate Justin D. Ross, the Prince George's County Democratic Committee recommended Washington to the Governor to fill the vacated seat. Governor Martin O'Malley appointed Washington to fill the seat on December 4, 2012.
In the legislature.
Washington was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates on December 19, 2012.
In 2016, Washington ran for Delegate to the 2016 Democratic National Convention. He was an uncommitted delegate and received 2.0 percent of the vote in the Democratic primary election. Washington was a delegate to the 2024 Democratic National Convention, pledged to Kamala Harris.
In July 2020, Washington was appointed by Prince George's County executive Angela Alsobrooks to lead a task force to look at reforming the county's police department. The task force presented a list of recommendations in its final report on December 4, 2020, which included repealing the Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights, getting rid of military equipment, and increasing police diversity and county residency; 46 of the plan's 50 recommendations were implemented.
In December 2022, Governor-elect Wes Moore nominated state senator Paul G. Pinsky to serve as the director of the Maryland Energy Administration. Washington filed to fill the vacancy left by Pinsky in the Maryland Senate later that month. On January 21, 2023, the Prince George's County Democratic Central Committee nominated Washington to serve the rest of Pinsky's term. On January 27, Moore appointed Washington to the Maryland Senate.
On December 11, 2024, Washington announced that he would run for Prince George's County Executive in the 2025 special election to fill the remainder of Angela Alsobrooks's term.
Political positions.
Alcohol.
Washington introduced legislation in the 2017 legislative session that would allow movie theaters to sell alcoholic beverages under certain conditions. The bill received an unfavorable report from the Economic Matters committee.
Education.
Washington introduced legislation in the 2015 legislative session that would create a college access pilot program for low-income students. The bill passed and became law on May 12, 2015.
Washington introduced legislation in the 2021 legislative session that would allow students to take a day off once every quarter for mental health reasons. The bill passed the Maryland House of Delegates by a vote of 131–1, but did not receive a vote in the Maryland Senate. He also introduced legislation that would allow teachers to instruct students remotely during the COVID-19 state of emergency if they hadn't been fully vaccinated for COVID-19. The bill passed but was vetoed by Governor Larry Hogan. The legislature voted to override his veto during the 2021 special legislative session.
Elections.
Washington introduced legislation during the 2018 legislative session that would require social media companies to make more information about online political ads available to voters. The bill passed and became law on May 26, 2018. In August 2018, news media outlets including The Washington Post and The Baltimore Sun filed a lawsuit challenging the law, arguing that it created unfair burdens on media sites that publish such ads. Hearings for the case began on October 28, 2019.
Washington introduced legislation in the 2021 legislative session that would expand early voting center hours from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. on each voting day. The bill passed and became law on May 30, 2021.
Healthcare.
In 2018, Washington co-sponsored the Healthy Maryland Act, which would establish a single-payer healthcare system in Maryland.
Housing.
Washington introduced legislation in the 2019 legislative session that would remove a state requirement that the Glenn Dale Hospital, which closed in 1981, be used as a continuing-care retirement community, potentially allowing for the property to be sold to housing developers. The bill passed and became law on April 18, 2019.
Government.
Washington introduced legislation in the 2014 legislative session that would prohibit the Prince George's County Board of Education from issuing credit cards to its members. Afterwards, the Board of Education voted unanimously to ban its members from having county-issued credit cards.
Washington introduced legislation during the 2015 legislative session that would establish an inspector general's office responsible for investigating and examining complaints about public schools.
Washington introduced legislation during the 2021 legislative session that would require the Maryland Senate to approve the governor's nominee for state superintendent. The bill passed the House of Delegates by a vote of 98-40, but did not receive a vote in the Senate.
Policing.
Washington introduced legislation in the 2021 legislative session that would expand the required training for school resource officers to include restorative approaches. The bill passed in the House of Delegates by a vote of 93-42, but did not receive a vote in the Senate.
Taxes.
Washington introduced legislation in the 2022 legislative session that would exempt diabetic care products from the sales and use tax. The bill passed and became law on April 1, 2022.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
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! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
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! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
References.
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42454206 | American politician
Norman Conway (born January 11, 1942) is an American politician who formally represented district 38B in the Maryland House of Delegates. He was chairman of the House Appropriations committee and had been in the Maryland General Assembly since 1987.
Background.
Born in Salisbury, Maryland, January 11, 1942, Delegate Conway graduated from Salisbury State College (now Salisbury University) in 1965 with a B.S. in education. He became an elementary school teacher at Pinehurst School in Salisbury. While teaching he continued his education, earning a Master's degree in education administration. He was promoted to the position of vice-principal, then to principal at Pinehurst. While working at Pinehurst Conway ran for political office, winning a seat on the Salisbury City Council in 1974. He was later elected the council's president by its members and served in this position from 1982 to 1987.
In the Legislature.
Conway was vice-chairman of the Appropriations committee when his chairman and mentor, Howard "Pete" Rawlings died and Speaker Michael E. Busch named Conway chairman of the House's most powerful committee. As Appropriations chairman, he oversees the state's 30 billion dollar budget and is also a member of the Spending Affordability Committee, the Rules and Executive Nominations Committee, and the Legislative Policy Committee. Prior to joining the Appropriations committee in 1991 he was a member of the House Ways and Means Committee.
Legislative notes.
For the past four years, Delegate Conway has annually voted to support classroom teachers, public schools, police and hospitals in Wicomico and Worcester Counties. Since 2002, funding to schools across the State has increased 82%, resulting in Maryland being ranked top in the nation for K-12 education.
Voters to choose two:
Voters to choose two:
References.
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42454206 | American legislative district
Maryland's Legislative District 5 is one of 47 districts in the state for the Maryland General Assembly. It covers part of Carroll County.
Demographic characteristics.
As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 131,865, of whom 103,299 (78.3%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 114,178 (86.6%) White, 4,795 (3.6%) African American, 311 (0.2%) Native American, 2,432 (1.8%) Asian, 49 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 2,232 (1.7%) from some other race, and 7,878 (6.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,648 (4.3%) of the population.
The district had 95,522 registered voters as of October 17, 2020, of whom 19,265 (20.2%) were registered as unaffiliated, 49,658 (52.0%) were registered as Republicans, 25,112 (26.3%) were registered as Democrats, and 800 (0.8%) were registered to other parties.
Political representation.
The district is represented for the 2023–2027 legislative term in the State Senate by Justin D. Ready (R) and in the House of Delegates by April Rose (R), Christopher Bouchat (R) and Chris Tomlinson (R).
References.
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] |
42454206 | American lawyer (born 1969)
Jaime A. Areizaga-Soto is an American attorney and politician who most recently served as the chairman of the Board of Veterans' Appeals in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs from September 2022 through January 2025.
In 2011, he was the Democratic nominee for a seat in the Senate of Virginia.
Early life and education.
Areizaga-Soto was born in Moca and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The youngest of four siblings, his father worked for the Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and his mother was an elementary school teacher. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in foreign service from Georgetown University, followed by a joint Master of Arts in Latin American studies from Stanford University and Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1994. General Areizaga-Soto graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth and has a master's in Security and Defense from the Inter-American Defense College in Fort Lesley J. McNair. Among his military awards are the Legion of Merit and the Meritorious Service Medal with one bronze Oak leaf cluster.
Career.
Areizaga-Soto began his career as an associate at Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison. From 1996 to 1999, he was an associate at Hogan & Hartson. From 1999 to 2007, he was a member of the global project finance group at Clifford Chance. Areizaga-Soto later served as a White House fellow and attorney for the United States Agency for International Development in 2010 and 2011.
Areizaga-Soto served in the District of Columbia Army National Guard in the Judge Advocate, Headquarters Detachment, District Area Regional Command, Washington, District of Columbia. Served as Commander of the 352d Trial Defense Service Team and of the NGB Legal Support Office. In August 2021, he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General, making him the first Latino Judge Advocate General's Corps General Officer in the Armed Forces. Brigadier General Areizaga-Soto was Special Assistant to the General Counsel, National Guard Bureau. From 2011 to 2013, Areizaga-Soto managed Latino outreach for the Democratic Party of Virginia. He also served as an advisor to State Senator Mary Margaret Whipple. In 2012 and 2013, he was deputy director of the Democratic National Committee for Hispanic affairs. He was also president of the Hispanic Bar Association of the District of Columbia in 2013 and 2014. From 2015 to 2018, he served as a commander in the National Guard Bureau. In 2016 and 2017, he was vice president of the Hispanic National Bar Association for membership. Areizaga-Soto also served as deputy Virginia secretary of veterans affairs.
On April 25, 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Areizaga-Soto to serve as the Chairman of the Board of Veterans Appeals, replacing Cheryl Mason. Areizaga-Soto was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 4, 2022, and he was sworn in on September 15, 2022. Although his term was not set to expire until 2028, he submitted his resignation on January 15, 2025, citing his mobilization for a two-year active-duty tour.
References.
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] |
42454206 | 1957 Chicago Cardinals football season
The 1957 Chicago Cardinals season marked the team's 38th year in the National Football League (NFL). The Cardinals failed to improve on their previous year's record of 7–5, winning only three games. They thus failed to qualify for the playoffs (NFL title game) for the ninth consecutive season.
Season summary.
After starting the season with an impressive 20–10 road win against the San Francisco 49ers, the 1957 Chicago Cardinals went into a funk, dropping 8 of the next 9 games, steadily sinking into irrelevancy. The team finished the year with a record of 3 wins and 9 losses — tied with the Green Bay Packers for the worst record in the 12-team league. The team gained a total of 3,217 yards in the 1957 campaign, again the second worst in the NFL. The team was slightly pass-driven for the era, gaining 1,775 yards in the air to just 1,442 on the ground, both of which marks were under the league average.
Defensively, the team allowed 4,108 yards in 1957, marred by the second-lowest rate of interception in the league and a net of -1 fumble recoveries.
The team's biggest star was powerful running back Ollie Matson, a future NFL Hall-of-Famer. Matson finished the 1957 season with 577 yards gained, sixth best in the league, with his season's best a 56-yard touchdown gallop. The passing offense was driven by quarterback Lamar McHan, who ended the season the league's 5th ranked QB, with 1,568 yards gained and 10 touchdown passes. His top target was end Gern Nagler, who grabbed 27 balls for 398 yards and 4 touchdowns — including one catch for 83 yards.
The team drew comparatively poorly, with only 2 of 6 home games topping the 20,000 mark at the gate. After just two more years they would abandon Chicago for a new city, becoming the St. Louis Cardinals in 1960.
Summaries.
Game 1: at San Francisco 49ers.
After having dropped 5 of 6 preseason contests, the Chicago Cardinals came out swinging, pulling off a surprising non-conference upset win on the road against the San Francisco 49ers. A conservative bend-but-don't-break style defense was used by the Cardinals, who chose to gave up yardage on the ground in order to be "protected against the 'home run' type of play the Bay Area club used to compile a 5–1 exhibition record.
Game 2: Washington Redskins.
The magical start to the 1957 season came to a screeching halt with an embarrassing second half collapse against the Washington Redskins at Comisky Park. The Redskins piled up nearly 250 yards on the ground and scored 24 unanswered points after halftime in their decisive win, with quarterback Eddie LeBaron and his mates adding 180 yards in the air against the shell-shocked Chicago defense.
Game 3: at Pittsburgh Steelers.
An unexpectedly large crown of 29,446 turned up to see the visiting Cardinals lose once again to Rooney U. in Pittsburgh — a tale of woe dating to their last victory in the Steel City in 1948. The game turned in the second quarter when the Cards attempted a 54-yard field goal off the toe of Pat Summerall, only to have it blocked by Pittsburgh middle guard Dale Dodrill and run back for a score by defensive end Huck O'Neil. Cardinal star Ollie Matson had a bad day at the office, gaining just 12 yards on 9 rushing attempts.
Game 4: at Washington Redskins.
The Cardinals moved to a record of 2–2 with a victory over the Washington Redskins at Griffith Field. Card quarterback Lamar McHan was the star, passing for three touchdowns and running for another as Chicago took a 31–7 lead to halftime in a game that was never close. Powerful back Ollie Matson added 155 yards on the ground on just 13 carries — one of his two touchdown runs being a 56-yarder. The visiting Cardinals neatly avenged their second half collapse leading to a Week 2 drubbing by Eddie LaBaron and the Skins.
Game 5: Cleveland Browns.
In a dull game pairing ineffectual running attacks, Paul Brown and the Cleveland Browns overcame a 7–3 halftime deficit to beat Chicago. With the Cards down 10–7 in the fourth quarter and seemingly on the way to paydirt, a 15-yard holding penalty stalled their drive. Rookie quarterback Ted Marchibroda debuted for the Cards in the 4th but his first pass was a pick just outside his own red zone. While Chicago dodged that bullet, the Browns later drove the ball down the field and scored hen reserve QB Tommy O'Connell hit split end Preston Carpenter on a 14-yard crossing route for the final 17–7 margin.
Game 6: Philadelphia Eagles.
As the 1957 season reached its midway point, the Cardinals' hopes began to wilt with a crushing 38–21 loss to the visiting Philadelphia Eagles. Quarterback Lamar McHan and halfback Ollie Matson had a productive day for Chicago, combining for 281 passing yards, with Matson scoring two touchdowns on the ground. However, a 6-to-3 turnover deficit proved to be an insurmountable obstacle for the Cards, who fell to 2–4 on the season. Five of the combined eight touchdowns scored as well as an Eagles field goal were set up by turnovers.
Roster.
;templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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] |
42454206 | Climate change in the US state of Maryland
Climate change in Maryland encompasses the effects of climate change, attributed to man-made increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, in the U.S. state of Maryland.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that the state's climate has warmed one to two degrees Fahrenheit in the last century, heavy rainstorms occurred more often, and sea level rose eroding beaches, submerging low lands, and increasing the salinity of estuaries and aquifers. The changing climate will increase flooding, harm ecosystems, disrupt both agriculture and aquaculture, and increase certain risks to human health.
Effects of climate change in Maryland.
Temperature.
The Maryland Department of the Environment has observed that temperatures in Maryland have "generally remained above the 1901–1960 average over the last 30 years, with warming more pronounced during the winter and spring seasons and statistically significant warming trends for each season". "Temperatures in Maryland have risen about since the beginning of the 20th century and temperatures in this century have been warmer than in any other period".
Climate models enable scientists to use mathematics and physics to create a virtual replica of Earth's climate. They also assist with making predictions about how future weather and climate events may be impacted by the greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere. According to a climate model created by the Maryland Commission on Climate Change under a scenario of low fossil fuel emissions, Maryland would experience an increase of in summers and in winter, while higher emissions would lead to warming of nearly in summer and in winter. West Maryland would experience greater summertime warming while areas on the lower Eastern Shore would experience less because of the moderating influence of the ocean. NASA projects that, by mid-century, Maryland will experience more than 60 additional days peer year above compared to the end of last century under continued increases in emissions.
Climate models project an increase in annual droughts, from about 15 days on average at present to 17 days for the higher emissions scenario and a smaller increase under the lower emissions scenario. Furthermore, a month-long drought can be expected to occur every 40 years and may increase to every 8 years in 2100 under the higher emissions scenario. At the same time, average annual precipitation is projected to increase over the next century, particularly during winter and spring, potentially making flooding events in urban areas more frequent and expanding flood hazard areas. "Rising temperatures will melt snow earlier in spring and increase evaporation, and thereby dry the soil during summer and fall. As a result, changing the climate is likely to intensify flooding during winter and spring, and drought during summer and fall".
Sea levels.
Sea level in Maryland rose by in the 20th century, partially because the land is sinking as a result of slow adjustments of the Earth after the last ice age. While varying by less than 4 inches over 2,000 years, during the 20th century the ocean began to rise steadily again because of climate change influenced by human activities, causing the warming ocean to expand its volume and glaciers to lose melt waters to the sea. "Sea-level rise is very likely to accelerate, inundating hundreds of square miles of wetlands and land. Projections that include accelerating the melting of ice would increase the relative sea-level along Maryland's shorelines by more than 1 foot by mid-century and 3 feet by late century if greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow". The effects of accelerated sea-level rise are already observable, including shoreline erosion, deterioration of tidal wetlands, and saline contamination of low-lying farm fields. "As sea level rises, the lowest dry lands are submerged and become either tidal wetland or open water. The freshwater wetlands in the upper tidal portions of the Potomac, Patuxent, Choptank, and Nanticoke rivers build their own land by capturing floating sediments, and they are likely to keep pace with the rising sea during the next century." Coastal wetlands on the Eastern Shore, particularly in Dorchester and Somerset counties including the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, have locally increased the rate of relative sea-level rise, contributing to severe wetland loss. Port facilities in Maryland, primarily Baltimore, are also susceptible to increased flooding, with 298 acres (or 32 percent) of the overall port facilities in the state impacted by 2100. Storms and sea level rise also contribute to beach erosion, with occurs 150 times faster than the rate of sea level rise. The United States Geological Survey estimates that Assateague Island is "very likely" to be broken up by new inlets or lost to erosion if sea level rises two feet by the year 2100.
In November 2020, NASA reported that Annapolis had 18 days of high-tide (non-storm-related) flooding from May 2019 to April 2020, an increase over 2018's 12 days, and higher than the 1995-2005 average of 2 days annually. The increase is attributed to sea level rise caused by climate change. Resultant flood damages caused local businesses to lose as much as $172,000 a year. On Naval Academy grounds, seawater came out of storm drains, with McNair Road and Ramsay Road flooding 20 times in 2020 and more than 40 times each in 2018 and 2019. Adaptation approaches such as seawalls and building up the height of roadways and athletic fields are predicted to last only a few decades.
Homes and infrastructure.
In 2003, storm surges from Hurricane Isabel in the Chesapeake Bay flooded downtown Annapolis, North Beach, and several communities on the Eastern Shore, causing more than 1.27 million homes in Maryland to lose power — the worst outage Maryland had ever seen — and about $462 million in damages. A 2008 report from the Maryland Commission on Climate Change found that the destructive potential of Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes has increased since 1970 in association with warming sea surface temperatures, and that rains and winds from hurricanes were likely to increase as ocean waters warm. On Maryland's Eastern Shore, Ocean City and other developed areas are very susceptible to rising sea levels. As wetlands and barrier islands that protect rural communities from the ocean become more inundated, damage from extreme weather events will increase. The estimated loss of infrastructure and cultural assets from rising sea levels at Assateague Island National Seashore alone, for example, could reach as high as $141.9 million.
"Although hurricanes are rare, their wind speeds and rainfall rates are likely to increase as the climate continues to warm. Rising sea level is likely to increase flood insurance rates, while more frequent storms could increase the deductible for wind damage in homeowner insurance policies". A March 2019 study by the First Street Foundation found that Maryland had already lost over half a billion dollars in property value because of tidal flooding linked to sea level rise.
Ecosystems.
Climate change poses a threat to bird species that depend on high elevation habitats that have been greatly reduced in size, such as the northern saw-whet owl and golden-crowned kinglet. It also impacts birds that reside in coastal marsh habitats during their nesting season, including rails and sparrows, through sea level rise and severe weather events such as storms and tidal surges. "The most vulnerable marshes along Chesapeake Bay are inhabited by great blue heron, bald eagle, American black duck, and snowy egret. The marshes near Ocean City and Assateague Island provide forage for shorebirds, such as sandpipers and plovers, and several species of ducks and geese spend the winter in these marshes". In addition to impacting habitat availability, climate change can directly affect the timing of prey availability through species abundance and distribution. For example, a decrease in horseshoe crab populations has led to a decrease in ruddy turnstones, with interacting effects related to the avian bird flu.
Warming water temperatures could influence the social behaviors of freshwater fish (including activity levels, consumptive demands, growth rates, symbiosis, and the amount of suitable habitat available), where adaptability to these changes is varied among species. Atlantic coast studies have observed that changes in precipitation and stream flow affect species of diadromous fish, such as the American shad, who rely on temperatures for knowing when to move northward for spawning. Increased temperatures, low dissolved oxygen, and low prey availability will decrease growth and reproduction in some species of Coastal and marine fish species, including winter flounder, tautog, Atlantic herring, and spiny dogfish. "If water temperatures exceed during summer, eelgrass could be lost. Blue crabs would lose an important hiding place during spring when they are changing shells and vulnerable to predators, and the sea turtles that feed on those crabs in the eelgrass might lose that food source".
"The loss of bay beaches would remove key habitat for diamondback terrapin that nest on these beaches. Other species that depend on bay beaches include horseshoe crabs, tiger beetles, sand fleas, snails, and several crab species. The loss of those species would remove important sources of food for birds".
Fishing and farms.
Climate change is predicted to have direct and impact blue crab population through habitat and ecosystem attributes, demographics, and broad-scale weather effects on recruitment dynamics. Female crabs may mature and mate earlier in response to climate change, but crabs' small size at maturity increases their vulnerability to predators and decreases the number of offspring produced per brood. Warming temperatures will lead to warmer winters and longer warm seasons, which could lead to a year-round crab season by the year 2100. Furthermore, this may result in more broods over the annual cycle, but would increase cannibalism between juvenile crabs. "Blue crabs and other shellfish are vulnerable to increased acidity in the water, especially during early life stages when acidity impairs their ability to build shells. As sea level rises, the Chesapeake Bay region is expected to lose some of the wetlands that fish and shellfish depend on for nursery grounds. Warmer waters are expected to increase harmful algae, lower oxygen levels, and change the mix of species that thrive in the bay".
Extreme weather events, including flooding, pests and disease, and ozone levels, are likely to intensify or become less predictable with climate change, likely resulting in increased costs to both farmers and consumers. "Climate change may also pose challenges for agriculture: some farms may be harmed if more hot days and droughts reduce crop yields, or if more flooding and wetter springs delay their planting dates. Other farms may benefit from a longer growing season and the fertilizing effect of carbon dioxide". Plants that have an optimum range at cooler temperatures will experience significant decreases in yield as temperatures increase from climate change. Corn and wheat would experience an 8-14 percent decrease in crop yields from an increase of by 2040-2050, while soybeans would see little change in yield. In 2011, the Maryland Department of Agriculture received federal disaster assistance for droughts, extreme heat, and hurricanes which led to market losses of at least 30 percent in some parts of the state.
State policy.
O'Malley administration (2007–2015).
During the 2007 legislative session, lawmakers introduced and passed the Clean Cars Act, which requires Maryland to adopt the tougher emissions standards imposed by California. The bill was signed into law by Governor Martin O'Malley on April 25, 2007.
During the 2008 legislative session, O'Malley introduced five energy bills to climate change, including a plan for reducing statewide energy use by 15 percent by 2015 and a doubling the state's renewable power, such as wind and solar, by 2022.
In December 2012, O'Malley signed an executive order directing all new and rebuilt state structures to be elevated two or more feet above the state's 100-year base flood level to avoid or minimize future flood damage.
During the 2013 legislative session, O'Malley introduced legislation that would require Maryland taxpayers to pay a rate of $1.50 a month on their electric bills to fund the construction of a proposed 200 megawatt wind farm off the coast of Ocean City, Maryland. The bill passed the Senate with a 30–15 vote and House of Delegates with a 88–48 vote, and was signed into law on April 9, 2013.
In July 2013, the O'Malley administration released a proposal to boost the state's renewable energy portfolio by requiring utilities to make renewables 25 percent of their energy generation by 2020. As proposed, the plan would have been the most aggressive plan against climate change in the United States.
During the 2014 legislative session, lawmakers introduced legislation to delay the Great Bay Wind Energy Center, a proposed wind | 4,557,846 | [
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42454206 | American politician (born 1950)
Christopher R. West (born April 7, 1950) is an American politician from Maryland from the Republican party. He is a member of the Maryland Senate from the 42nd district, representing Central and Northern Baltimore County. He was previously a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from District 42B.
Early life and career.
West was born on April 7, 1950, in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended Williams College, where he earned a B.A. degree in 1972, and the University of Pennsylvania School of Law, where he earned a J.D. degree in 1975. He was admitted to the Maryland Bar in 1975.
West became involved in politics by working as an attorney for the Maryland Republican Party from 1982 to 1996, and again from 1998 to 2003 after serving as the executive director of the Republican State Central Committee for two years. In 1988, he filed to run for Delegate to the Republican National Convention, representing Jack Kemp. He came in tenth place in a field of 13 candidates, receiving one percent of the vote. During the 1994 Maryland gubernatorial election, West represented the Maryland Republican Party in a lawsuit challenging the results of the election.
In 1997, Semmes, Bowen & Semmes named West as a resident counsel in its Baltimore offices. He operated the commercial lending practice of the firm's banking, corporate, and securities practice group.
In 1998, West was seen as a possible candidate to succeed Joyce Lyons Terhes, who had announced that she would not seek re-election as the state's GOP chairman after a series of key losses across the state. He was once again considered a possible candidate for the seat after chairman Richard D. Bennett announced his resignation at the end of the year. He sought election as Chairman of the Maryland Republican Party that year, but was defeated by Michael Steele, the party's first vice chairman.
In February 2003, Governor Robert Ehrlich appointed West to the Maryland State Arts Council. He served as the council's vice-chair from 2006 to 2007.
In April 2013, West filed to run for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 42B. During the primary, there were attempts to recruit West to switch to the Senate race and challenge James Brochin, but he refused, saying that he had "no plans to switch over and run for State Senate." He won the Republican primary with 35.2 percent of the vote, coming second to Susan L. M. Aumann. He defeated Democrats Robert Leonard and Craig J. Little in the general election, receiving 33.3 percent of the vote.
In the legislature.
West was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates on January 14, 2015.
After Senator Jim Brochin announced that he would run to replace Baltimore County Executive Kevin Kamenetz, West announced he would run to succeed Brochin in the Senate. He ran on a slate with Republican Nino Mangione, who was running for House of Delegates. He defeated Robbie Leonard in the general election with 51.0 percent of the vote. West raised the third most funds out of every other Senator for his 2018 campaign, raking in a total $443,282.80 during the 2018 election cycle.
West was sworn into the Maryland Senate on January 9, 2019. Since 2020, he has served as the caucus parliamentarian of the Maryland Senate GOP caucus.
In August 2023, West announced that he would not run for re-election in 2026.
Political positions.
West has a reputation for being "far and away the most moderate Republican in the General Assembly." Although he represents a conservative district, he often works as a man of compromise. In January 2020, the American Conservative Union gave West a score of 40 percent on its annual legislative scorecard, the lowest score among Republicans.
Abortion.
West supports banning abortions after a fetus reaches fetal viability unless the mother's life is at risk.
Business.
In 2019, following the legislature's vote on a bill that would raise the state's minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025, West agreed to participate in a work group proposed by Democratic Senator Katie Fry Hester that looked to study ways to help small businesses in the years leading up to the bill's full effective date.
In December 2020, the Maryland Free Enterprise Association gave West a score higher than 70 percent, making him the only senator to earn such a high score.
COVID-19 pandemic.
In August 2021, West signed onto a letter calling on the Maryland State Board of Education to issue a universal masking mandate for students and teachers across the state in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. He was the only Republican to sign onto the letter.
Crime.
West introduced legislation in the 2020 legislative session that would end the practice of suspending drivers licenses for unpaid court fines and fees. The bill passed unanimously and became law on May 8, 2020.
West introduced legislation in the 2021 legislative session that would abolish life without parole for those who committed crimes as juveniles and allow those who have served 20 years or more to petition to a judge for release. The bill passed with bipartisan support, but was vetoed by Governor Larry Hogan in April. The legislature voted to override Hogan's veto on the bill on April 10, 2021.
Elections.
West introduced legislation in the 2020 legislative session that would require agencies to provide a voter application form and general voting information to people preparing to transition back to society from prison. The bill passed the House of Delegates by a vote of 93-36.
Environment.
In April 2019, West voted against legislation that would mandate a 50 percent renewable energy target for 2030 over his disapproval of a provision that would provide trash incinerators with renewable energy subsidies.
In December 2019, the Maryland Public Interest Research Group gave West a score of 83 percent on its annual legislative scorecard.
During the 2021 legislative session, West introduced legislation that would create timelines for Maryland's remaining power plants to transition away from coal and establish a transition fund to mitigate economic impacts for employees. He later withdrew the bill over worries that it would not pass in the House, but announced in March 2021 that he had worked out a deal with AES Corporation that would cause the Warrior Run Generating Station to stop burning coal in 2030.
West introduced an amendment to the Climate Solutions Now Act of 2021 that would require newly constructed school buildings that use funding from the Build to Learn Act to install rooftop solar panels. The amendment failed by a vote of 15-31. He was also one of two Senate Republicans to vote in favor of passing the climate action plan, which passed the Senate by a vote of 34-11.
In November 2021, the Maryland League of Conservation Voters gave West a score of 100 percent on its annual legislative scorecard.
In March 2022, West introduced an amendment to the Climate Solutions Now Act of 2022 that would require local school systems to consider installing solar panels on roofs of new school buildings, requiring school systems that decide against doing so to explain why to the Interagency Commission on School Construction. The amendment was passed in a 30-14 vote.
Gambling.
West introduced legislation in the 2016 legislative session that would ban off-track betting at the Maryland State Fairgrounds. He later amended the bill to allow off-track betting, but required that the Fairgrounds enter a contract agreement with the Greater Timonium Community Council, and banned slots and table games.
West introduced legislation in the 2020 legislative session that would legalize sports betting in Maryland's casinos and pari-mutuel racetracks.
Housing.
In June 2021, West signed onto a letter that urged Governor Larry Hogan to use federal rent relief funding support legislation that would provide low-income tenants with access to legal representation in eviction cases.
Marijuana.
West does not support the legalization of marijuana, saying that he would oppose it until a method to test people for being under the influence of marijuana is developed. West introduced legislation in the 2019 legislative session that would limit companies to operating up to six marijuana dispensaries through ownership or management agreements. The bill passed and was signed into law at a limit of four dispensaries.
West introduced legislation in the 2020 legislative session that would allow actively licensed physicians to become a certifying provider of medical marijuana. The bill passed unanimously and became law on May 8, 2020.
Policing.
West introduced legislation in the 2021 legislative session that would prohibit law enforcement agencies from purchasing certain military equipment through the 1033 program. The bill passed unanimously in the Senate, but did not receive a vote in the House of Delegates.
In February 2021, West voted in favor of legislation that would repeal the Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights.
In April 2021, West co-sponsored legislation that would order police departments to provide body-worn cameras for on-duty police officers by 2025. However, he withdrew his support for the bill after it was amended to include provisions that would create an employee assistance mental health program and implement a statewide use of force policy.
West introduced two amendments to the Police Reform and Accountability Act of 2021: the first to insert portions of the Senate's Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights repeal into Jones' bill and the other to establish that law enforcement agencies have the burden of proof under a preponderance of the evidence during trial board proceedings and that officers can only be disciplined for cause. Both amendments made it into the final bill.
West opposed provisions in "Anton's Law" that would allow police misconduct complaints to become public, introducing an amendment that would keep unsubstantiated complaints private. The amendment was rejected on a party line vote.
Social issues.
In 2019, West voted in favor of legislation that would make it legal for doctors to prescribe a lethal dose of medication to terminally ill patients who want to end their lives. The bill failed to pass out of the Senate, receiving a 23-23 vote. West was the only Republican to vote in favor of the bill.
In February 2020, West co-sponsored legislation that would make single-occupant bathrooms gender neutral.
In August 2020, West signed onto a letter calling on the Baltimore County Public Schools system to ban hate symbols in the form of Confederate flags and swastikas.
West introduced legislation in the 2021 legislative session that would create penalties for vandalizing or destroying historically significant statues in Maryland.
In February 2021, West cosponsored legislation that would provide students with access to period products in school bathrooms. The bill passed and became law on May 30, 2021.
References.
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42454206 | American television personality
Shaun Robinson (born July 12, 1962) is an American television host, author, producer, philanthropist, television personality and actress. She is perhaps best known for hosting "Access Hollywood" (1999–2015) and "90 Day Fiancé" and its spin-offs (2016–present). Her accolades include an Emmy Award for her live coverage of "A Grand Night in Harlem" for the Black Sports and Entertainment Hall of Fame.
Early life.
Shaun Robinson was born on July 12, 1962, in Detroit, Michigan. She has a brother and two sisters. She is a graduate of Cass Technical High School. She then moved to Atlanta to attend Spelman College.
Career.
Robinson's career began in Detroit at WGPR-TV (now WWJ-TV), the first African-American owned television station in the U.S. After that Robinson was a medical reporter and weekend anchor for WISN-TV in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where her series on women and cancer garnered her an Associated Press award. She also served as host of the daily talk show "Milwaukee's Talking". Robinson later joined newly formed KEYE-TV in Austin, Texas, in 1995, as a reporter and anchor where her series "Profiles in Power", focusing on women who made an impact in Central Texas, earned Robinson an American Women in Radio and Television award. In 1999, she started working as a weekend anchor and correspondent for "Access Hollywood," a job that eventually lasted for 16 years.
Before joining "Access Hollywood", Robinson was a reporter and anchor for WSVN-TV in Miami, Florida. During her tenure there, Robinson anchored coverage of both the Clinton impeachment hearings and of Hurricane George, which devastated the Florida Keys. She traveled to Oklahoma to profile survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. She filled in for Meredith Vieira on "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" for the week of June 8–12, 2009. She has contributed reports to television shows "NBC Nightly News" and "Today."
In October 2010, Robinson was a guest star on a celebrity edition episode of the game show "Don't Forget the Lyrics". She played and won $10,000 for her selected charity, Girls, Inc. Robinson co-hosted the NBC coverage of the "Tournament of Roses Parade" with Al Roker in 2011 and 2012. She has provided coverage for the Academy Awards, Golden Globes, Emmy Awards and Grammy Awards. In 2016, Robinson began hosting Tell All specials for TLC’s "90 Day Fiancé" and its spin-offs. In 2019, Robinson landed the role of Kris Kensington on BET’s "Games People Play". In February 2020, "Forbes" published an article about Robinson as part of the magazine's an ongoing series "The Secrets of Successful Women."
Her first book titled "Exactly As I Am: Celebrated Women Share Candid Advice with Today’s Girls on What it Takes to Believe in Yourself" was published on March 31, 2009, by Ballantine Books. The book of motivational advice and anecdotes presents quotes and stories from role models notable for confidence, determination and generosity. The book inspires girls to find their inner strength, become confident, and believe in themselves.
Personal life.
In 1994, Robinson married MLB player Darryl Hamilton, but they later divorced.
Philanthropy.
Robinson has launched a nonprofit organization to help empower girls and young women. The S.H.A.U.N. Foundation for Girls supports small charities that are doing work in five key areas of girls issues: (S)TEM, (H)EALTH, (A)RTS, (U)NITY and (N)EIGHBORHOODS. Robinson and her foundation have been featured on the CBS show, "Hidden Heroes". | 4,557,848 | [
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42454206 | American politician (1941–2021)
Henry B. "Hank" Heller (August 14, 1941 – February 17, 2021) was an American politician from the state of Maryland. A Democrat, he represented District 19 in central Montgomery County in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1987 until 2011.
Background.
Heller attended Walter Johnson High School in Montgomery County and received a B.A. from Frostburg State University and both an M.A. and Ed.D. from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. He worked for the Montgomery County Public Schools in a number of capacities, and was a past president of the Montgomery County Education Association.
Legislative notes.
Heller died on February 17, 2021, in Sandy Spring, Maryland at age 79.
References.
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42454206 | American politician
John Arnold Cade (July 2, 1929 – November 14, 1996) was a Republican State Senator from District 33 in the U.S. state of Maryland.
Background.
Cade was first elected to office in 1975 to represent District 33, which covers a portion of Anne Arundel County, Maryland. He had little difficulty getting reelected as he maintained his seat in the Senate for over 20 years.
In 1986, Cade was unchallenged in the primary election and defeated Robert J. Cancelliere with 68% of the vote in the general election. In 1990, he was again unchallenged in the Republican primary election, and this time, was also unchallenged in the general election.
Cade saw much of the same in 1994 when he was not challenged in the Republican primary election, nor was he challenged in the general election.
In 1996, Cade died while in Ocean City, Maryland. Former Maryland Governor Parris Glendening swore in Robert R. Neall on December 17, 1996, to replace Cade. Neall was elected in a special election in November 1996 after he switched his party affiliation from Republican to Democrat.
Education.
Cade attended Kentucky and Ohio parochial schools while growing up. He graduated from Xavier University in 1953 with his B.S. degree. He received his M.B.A. from Northwestern University a year later in 1954. He completed 2 years of law school at Chase College and the University of Maryland. Finally, he graduated from the Graduate Realtor's Institute (G.R.I.) to become a real estate agent.
Career.
After high school, Cade served in U.S. Marine Corps from 1946 until 1948 and again from 1950 until 1951. After serving in the military, he started his career as a professional business and real estate consultant.
While in the State Senate, Cade was the Minority Leader from 1984 until 1996 and the minority whip from 1982 until 1983. He also served as the chair of the Anne Arundel County Delegation. Cade was selected as a delegate to the Republican Party National Convention. He also received the Distinguished Service Award from the Glen Burnie Jaycees in 1963.
In 1998, the Maryland General Assembly dedicated a portion of Interstate 97 in Anne Arundel County to Senator Cade (Joint Resolution no. 7, Acts of 1998). It is known as the Senator John A. Cade Memorial Highway.
A fellowship was created in honor of Senator Cade named the Senator John A. Cade Overseas Fellowship, which allows Maryland community college professors to teach overseas for the University of Maryland University College.
Senator Cade also has a state education formula named after him, the John A. Cade Funding Formula (Education Article, §§11-105(c) and 16-305).
At Anne Arundel Community College, located in the Arnold campus, a building housing most of the school's art department was named for him as the Cade Center for Fine Arts.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (1920–2009)
William Henry Thomas (September 19, 1920 – March 3, 2009) was a delegate in the Maryland House of Delegates representing District 35, which covered Dorchester, Talbot, and Wicomico Counties.
Early life.
William Henry Thomas was born on September 19, 1920, in Hudson, Maryland, to Estelle (née Marshall) and Carroll Wesley Thomas. He attended school in Hudson and graduated from Cambridge High School.
Career.
Thomas, his father and brother Mace formed Carroll W. Thomas & Sons Inc. He enlisted in United States Army Air Corps He served during World War II. In March 1943 he was commissioned as a second lieutenant. As a pilot, he flew more than 47 missions in Europe and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. On October 3, 1945, he was honorably discharged as a captain. In 1945, he expanded the family business on Trenton Street in Cambridge. The business engaged in farm supplies and equipment sales. In the late 1960s, he engaged in farming and bought two farms, one on Egypt Road and one in Linkwood.
Thomas was county commissioner of Dorchester County from 1970 to 1974. Thomas was a Democrat. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Caroline, Dorchester, Talbot and Wicomico counties, from 1975 to 1982.
He was the director of the Dorchester General Hospital from 1970 to 1971. He was a member of the Farm Bureau, American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars. He was president of the Cambridge Rotary Club in 1974, commodore of the Cambridge Yacht Club in 1969 and a board member of Grace Methodist Church.
Personal life.
Thomas married Estella Adler on September 10, 1945. They had one son, Edward C. His wife died in 1994. He married Frances Louise (née Phillips) Mills, daughter of Lydia Mae (née Stewart) and Solomon K. Phillips, on June 3, 1995. He had three stepsons.
Thomas died on March 3, 2009, at Chesapeake Woods Center in Cambridge. He was buried in Veterans Cemetery of the Eastern Shore in Hurlock.
References.
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42454206 | Olszewski (feminine Olszewska, plural Olszewscy, alternative Olszowski) is a Polish surname. The Russian-language version is Olshevsky, feminine: Olshevskaya. The Lithuanian language forms are Olšauskas and Alšauskas, feminine: Olšauskienė/Alšauskienė (married), and Olšauskaitė/Alšauskaitė (unmarried). Belarusian form: Альшэўскі (Alsheuski or Alshewski).
Origin could be derived from Polish word olsza or olcha, which means alder tree.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ;
;templatestyles src="Dmbox/styles.css" / ;
Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Olszewski, Olszewska. | 4,557,852 | [
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42454206 | American mayor (1705–1766)
John Brice Jr. (1705–1766) was an early American settler and Loyalist politician in colonial Maryland. He was a member of the Governor's Council, twice Mayor of Annapolis, and a chief justice in the colony's court. Two of his sons would in their turn become Mayors of Annapolis.
Early life.
John was born in 1705 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. His father John Brice and mother Sarah Brice (née Howard) were already prominent settlers.
Marriage and family.
Brice married Sarah Frisby in 1730 and had a number of children, including:
Both sons would go on to enjoy successful political careers.
Political career.
John Jr. entered public service as the clerk of Anne Arundel County in 1738 and served in that post for many years. He enter politics as an alderman in Annapolis shortly after. He was appointed to the Maryland Court in 1751 and was named to the Governor's Council. He would serve in both offices until his death, and by the end of his term on the court he was the chief justice. He served twice as the Mayor of Annapolis (1755–1756 and 1762–1763).
Coming of Revolution.
Brice held a number of Proprietary appointments and, politically, was a Loyalist. In 1766, Brice became embroiled in a war of words Samuel Chase, a vocal opponent of the Stamp Act and later a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. In an open letter dated July 18, 1766 (the year of Brice's death) Chase attacked Brice, Walter Dulany, George Steuart (1700–1784), and others for publishing an article in the Maryland Gazette Extraordinary of June 19, 1766, in which Chase had been accused of being: "a busy, reckless incendiary, a ringleader of mobs, a foul-mouthed and inflaming son of discord and faction, a common disturber of the public tranquility". In his response, Chase accused Brice and the others of "vanity...pride and arrogance", and of being brought to power by "proprietary influence, court favour, and the wealth and influence of the tools and favourites who infest this city." In particular Chase accused Brice of "spleen and bitterness", and a "passion for wealth" which had led him into "formidable frowns and opposition" to Chase.
Legacy.
Brice died in 1766 and hence did not live to see the end of British rule in Maryland. However, both of Brice's sons would follow him into politics. Both were elected to terms as Mayor of Annapolis, and in addition James Brice would become Governor of a free Maryland.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1977)
Nicole Annette Williams (born September 23, 1977) is an American attorney and politician serving as a Democratic member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing District 22, which represents a portion of Prince George's County, Maryland.
Early life and career.
Williams was born on September 23, 1977, in Washington, D.C. She attended the University of Pittsburgh, where she earned a B.A. degree in history and communications in 1999, and the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, where she earned a J.D. degree in 2002. She was admitted into the Maryland Bar in 2002, the District of Columbia Bar in 2005, and the Virginia State Bar in 2015. After graduating, Williams worked as an attorney for several law firms, including Ober, Kaler, Grimes & Shriver, Hileman & Williams, and Rees Broome.
Williams got involved with politics in 2010 when she filed to run for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 23A. In 2012, she successfully ran for Delegate to the Democratic National Convention, representing Barack Obama. In 2014, Williams graduated from a training course hosted by Emerge Maryland, an organization created to prepare potential female Democratic candidates for public office, and successfully ran for the Prince George's County Democratic Central Committee, representing District 22 At Large. In September 2017, she again announced her candidacy for the House of Delegates in District 22. She came in fourth place in a field of five candidates, receiving 13.8 percent of the vote. In December 2018, Williams was elected to be the 3rd Vice Chair of the Maryland Democratic Party.
In October 2019, Delegate Tawanna P. Gaines resigned from the Maryland House of Delegates after being indicted on wire fraud charges. Following speculation, Williams applied to fill the vacancy left by the former Delegate. Her candidacy was endorsed by state Senator Paul G. Pinsky and Delegates Anne Healey and Alonzo T. Washington, and the central committee recommend Williams to Governor Larry Hogan to fill the vacant seat.
Since 2019, Williams has served on the Board of Directors for Emerge Maryland.
In the legislature.
After the resignation of Delegate Tawanna P. Gaines, the Prince George's County Democratic Central Committee recommended Williams to the Governor to fill the vacant seat. Governor Hogan appointed Williams on November 15, 2019. Williams was sworn in as a Delegate on December 6, 2019, and assigned to the House Judiciary committee.
In 2020, Williams ran as a delegate to the 2020 Democratic National Convention, representing Elizabeth Warren. She was an at-large delegate to the 2024 Democratic National Convention, pledged to Kamala Harris.
Political positions.
Abortion.
In January 2022, Williams attended a pro-choice rally at Lawyers Mall in Annapolis, Maryland. During the 2022 legislative session, Williams introduced legislation that would establish that civil or criminal charges can't be pursued against people who experience miscarriages, stillbirths, or from undergoing abortion services.
Elections.
Williams introduced legislation in the 2021 legislative session that would allow voters to cast ballots at curbside voting locations.
Social issues.
In February 2022, Williams attended a rally to urge lawmakers to pass the Time to Care Act, legislation that would offer paid family leave to all Marylanders.
Transportation.
In May 2021, Williams attended a rally alongside a number of elected officials to protest a proposed Maglev train between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Williams introduced legislation during the 2021 legislative session that would block the use of state funds to construct the maglev.
Redistricting.
In July 2021, Williams attended a public hearing hosted by the Maryland Citizens Redistricting Commission to ask commission members to keep the state's current multi-member legislative district system in their proposed map.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (died 1956)
James McLean (died September 17, 1956) was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1949 to 1950.
Early life.
James McLean was born in New York. He was educated in England.
Career.
McLean held a seat on the New York Stock Exchange. He worked with the Cunard Steamship Company and he served as a major with the United States Army during World War II.
McLean was a Democrat. McLean was appointed a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1949 to 1950, following the death of Earle R. Burkins.
Personal life.
McLean married Violet Dorothea Burd Grubb. He had three sons, Peter, Thomas and James. McLean purchased Monmouth Farm in Harford County after World War II.
McLean died on September 17, 1956, at the age of 48, at Franklin Square Hospital in Baltimore County, Maryland. He was buried at St. Mary's Episcopal Church in Emmorton, Maryland.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (1934–2023)
Casper R. Taylor Jr. (December 19, 1934 – April 24, 2023) was an American politician who served as Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1994 to 2003, amongst the longest Speaker's tenures in Maryland history. He also represented Districts 1C and 2A in the House of Delegates from 1975 to 2003.
Education.
Taylor graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1956, where he was a member of the Air Force ROTC. He started out his career as a restaurant owner, and was first elected to the House of Delegates in 1974.
Career.
Taylor is credited with helping to bring millions of dollars of state and private investments to the aid of his struggling district in Cumberland, including the state-backed Rocky Gap Lodge and Golf Resort. In the State House, Taylor authored many pieces of legislation over the course of his tenure, including the "One Maryland" bill, aimed at providing tax havens and other incentives for businesses to invest in depressed parts of the state.
Taylor was first elected to the House of Delegates for the 1975 legislative session to represent District 2A. In the 1994 election, he successfully ran as delegate for the newly created District 1C.
Taylor served until 2003 after losing his seat in the 2002 election. His loss is generally attributed to redrawn legislative district lines that added four heavily Republican precincts in Washington County to his traditionally Democratic district based around Cumberland, and his support for some gun control laws, which were unpopular in the rural parts of his district.
Taylor received numerous awards, including the Legislator Recognition Award from the Maryland Association of Counties in 1994 and 2001. He was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the College of Notre Dame in 2001, Frostburg State University in 2000, and Villa Julie College in 1995. He received the First Citizen Award from the Maryland Senate in 2003 and the Thomas Kennedy Award from the Maryland House of Delegates in 2004.
In June 2003, Taylor became a lobbyist and government relations consultant for the Alexander and Cleaver firm in Annapolis. In January 2007, the new House of Delegates office building in Annapolis was named after Taylor. In May 2022, the Baltimore Street Bridge in Cumberland, Maryland, was named after Taylor.
Personal life and death.
Taylor was Catholic and was a former member of the Maryland Catholic Conference's administrative board. He died at his home in Cumberland, Maryland, on April 24, 2023, at the age of 88. On April 29, Governor Wes Moore ordered state flags to fly at half-staff in Taylor's honor.
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Citations.
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42454206 | American politician (born 1966)
Joseline A. Peña-Melnyk (née Peña, born June 27, 1966) is an American politician who represents District 21 in the Maryland House of Delegates. She unsuccessfully ran for the United States House of Representatives in 2016, coming in third behind Anthony Brown and Glenn Ivey.
Background.
Born in the Dominican Republic, Peña was raised in a poverty-stricken family who relied on public assistance and welfare programs. She moved to New York with her mother and sister when she was eight years old. While there, she helped with translation services for her mother and other Spanish-speaking families in Manhattan's Washington Heights neighborhood. Peña moved out after a bad disagreement with her mother, staying with friends and renting a room during her last few months at John F. Kennedy High School. She later attended Buffalo State College, paying her way through school with a series of retail jobs and by volunteering at a shelter for battered women before graduating with a B.S. in criminal justice. She later graduated from the State University of New York at Buffalo, where she earned her Juris Doctor degree. Peña was the first in her family to achieve a college degree.
After law school, Peña started her legal career in the public defender's office in Philadelphia before moving to Washington, D.C., to join her then-fiance Markian Melnyk after failing the bar exam. She later passed the test in 1993 and became a court-appointed defense attorney, advocating for foster children and abused children in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Peña-Melnyk later joined the U.S. Attorney’s Office as a prosecutor before leaving the practice after the birth of her first child in 1999. She continued to be active in public life, joining the board of CASA de Maryland and winning a seat on the College Park City Council in 2003.
In the legislature.
Peña-Melnyk has been a member of the House Health and Government Operations Committee since she assumed office in 2007. She has served on the Public Health and Long Term Care, Government Operations & Long Term Care, Insurance and Pharmaceuticals, and Public Health and Minority Health Disparities subcommittees. In 2022, she was appointed Chair of the Health and Government Operations Committee, becoming the highest-ranking Latino in the history of the General Assembly.
Peña-Melnyk is also a member of the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland and the Women Legislators of Maryland. She is also a founding member of the Maryland Legislative Latino Caucus and served as its first Chairperson. In October 2019, Peña-Melnyk, who is Black and Latina, criticized a proposed plan that would require members of both the Legislative Black Caucus and the Legislative Latino Caucus to choose between being a member of either caucus. Following her criticism, the plan was withdrawn for consideration.
In 2019, Peña-Melnyk motioned during a meeting of members of the House of Delegates Democratic Caucus to nominate Adrienne A. Jones as the Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates, a position to which she was eventually elected in May 2019.
Peña-Melnyk was a delegate to the 2024 Democratic National Convention, pledged to Kamala Harris.
2016 U.S. House of Representatives campaign.
On March 14, 2015, Peña-Melnyk announced that she would run for the United States House of Representatives in Maryland's 4th congressional district, seeking to succeed U.S. Representative Donna F. Edwards, who unsuccessfully ran for United States Senate in 2016. Her platform included raising the federal minimum wage and reducing college loan interest rates.
During the primary, she received endorsements from Democracy for America, EMILY's List, Sierra Club, the Congressional Progressive Caucus, and Latino Victory Fund.
Peña-Melnyk was defeated in the Democratic primary by former Lieutenant Governor of Maryland Anthony Brown, receiving 19.0 percent of the vote.
Personal life.
Peña-Melnyk is married to her husband, Markian Melnyk. Together, they live in College Park, Maryland, and have three children.
Political positions.
Media outlets have described Peña-Melnyk as a progressive.
Abortion.
Peña-Melnyk supports codifying the right to abortion into the Maryland Constitution, and criticized a statement from Governor Larry Hogan in 2018 that downplayed needing to do so, calling it "insufficient". Following the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", which overturned "Roe v. Wade" and "Planned Parenthood v. Casey", Peña-Melnyk said that she was gearing up to codify abortion rights in the state constitution.
During the 2022 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced the Healthy Babies Equity Act, a bill that would provide prenatal care to individuals regardless of immigration status. The bill passed and became law without Governor Larry Hogan's signature.
Healthcare.
During the 2018 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced a bill to ask the federal government to divert money to Maryland used to offset the cost of high-risk patients on the Affordable Care Act's insurance pool, instead using it under a new "reinsurance program" under the Maryland Health Benefit Exchange. The bill passed and became law with Governor Larry Hogan's signature, and the plan was approved by federal regulators in August 2018.
During the 2019 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced a bill that would require Marylanders without health insurance to pay a state penalty that would go toward purchasing coverage. The bill overwhelmingly passed in the Maryland House of Delegates and unanimously passed the Maryland Senate, and was signed into law by Governor Larry Hogan on May 13, 2019.
During the 2020 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced a bill that would require health care professionals treating patients in perinatal units to receive implicit bias training at least once every two years. The bill passed through both chambers of the Maryland General Assembly unanimously, becoming one of the first implicit bias training laws in the United States.
During the 2021 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced the Shirley Nathan-Pulliam Health Equity Act, a bill that would create the Maryland Commission on Health Equity to examine racial, ethnic, cultural, or socioeconomic disparities in healthcare. She also introduced a bill that would require the Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities to work with the Maryland Health Care Commission to publish a "health disparity policy report card" comparing the state's racial and ethnic identifiers against the state's population by demographic, and another to require licensed health professionals to undergo implicit bias training when they apply to have their licenses renewed. All three bills passed and became law.
During the 2022 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced a bill that would expand Medicaid for immigrants regardless of their legal status, which failed to move out of committee. She also introduced a bill that would provide undocumented pregnant women access to Medicaid, which passed and became law.
Housing.
During the 2022 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced a bill to allow tenants to petition courts to shield records in eviction cases where the failure to pay rent was due to an income loss caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The bill passed and became law on May 29, 2022.
Immigration.
During the 2020 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced a bill that would prohibit state law enforcement officers from referring cases to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
National politics.
During the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Peña-Melnyk endorsed the candidacy of Barack Obama. In 2012 and in 2020, she served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. She was also a member of the electoral college in the 2012 election, casting her vote for Barack Obama in a ceremony at the Maryland State House.
In July 2015, Peña-Melnyk protested Donald Trump at the construction site of the Trump International Hotel in Washington, D.C.
Social issues.
During the 2019 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk introduced a bill that would create the Lynching Truth and Reconciliation Commission to facilitate workshops and train commissioners and members of their staff on racial healing. The bill passed and became law.
In 2021, Peña-Melnyk spoke in support of a bill that would make Juneteenth a state and employee-paid holiday in Maryland.
Taxes.
During the 2021 legislative session, Peña-Melnyk supported expanding Maryland's Earned Income Tax Credit to provide relief to tax-paying immigrants who were left out of the state's RELIEF Act because they didn't have a Social Security number.
Transportation.
In December 2017, Peña-Melnyk said she opposed a proposed Amtrak route for a maglev train between Baltimore and Washington, D.C.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1948)
Ralph M. Hughes (born April 17, 1948) is an American politician who represented district 40 in the Maryland State Senate from 1991 to 2007 and a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from the same district from 1983 to 1991.
Background.
Hughes was born in Baltimore, Maryland, April 17, 1948. He attended Baltimore City Public Schools and graduated from Baltimore City College in 1966. Hughes went on to Morgan State College earning a B.A. degree in 1970. Three years later he completed the Howard University School of Law earning a J.D. The Johns Hopkins University, M.A.S., 1985. Professor (criminal justice), Coppin State University, from 2007. Member, Monumental City Bar Association. He is a member of the Mount Hope Baptist Church in Baltimore and is married.
In the legislature.
Hughes won his first election in 1982, running for one of three seats in Baltimore's 40th legislative district to the Maryland House of Delegates. There he served on the Judiciary Committee, 1983-90.
In 1990 he won a seat in the Maryland Senate and served on its Judicial Proceedings Committee from 1991 to 2007. He was chair, Special Committee on Substance Abuse, 2001–2007, member, Joint Committee on Legislative Ethics, 1995, Senate Chair, Joint Committee on Investigation, 1995, member, Joint Committee on Federal Relations, 1995–1999; Article 27 (crimes & punishments) Revision Committee, 1999–2003, Senate Special Commission on Medical Malpractice Liability Insurance, 2004, Abatement of Drug-Related Nuisances Work Group, 2004. Hughes served as Vice-Chair, Baltimore City Delegation, a member, Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland, 1991-2007 (chair, crime & safety committee, 2000; member, law & justice committee, 2000–2007, redistricting committee, 2000–2007; drug treatment committee, 2001–2007).
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1970)
Brian Alan Chisholm (born November 7, 1970) is an American politician who represents northern Anne Arundel County in the Maryland House of Delegates. A member of the Republican Party, he represented District 31B from 2019 to 2023, afterwards representing the 31st district.
Early life and education.
Chisholm was born in Madison, Wisconsin, and graduated from Severna Park High School in Severna Park, Maryland. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Marketing from Clemson University.
Political career.
Chisholm was a member of the Pension Oversight Commission of Anne Arundel County, Maryland from 2015 to 2018. He was vice-chair of the commission from 2017 to 2018.
In 2014, Chisholm ran for election to one of two District 31B seats in the Maryland House of Delegates, but came in fourth in a field of eight candidates in the Republican primary. On October 19, 2017, he announced that he would again run for the House of Delegates, and, together with incumbent and fellow Republican Nic Kipke, won. Chisholm was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates om January 9, 2019, and has served as a member of the Health and Government Operations Committee during his entire tenure. He is also a member of the Maryland Freedom Caucus.
Personal life.
Chisholm currently lives in Severna Park, Maryland and works as a mortgage banker. He is married and has one child.
Chisholm co-owns, with former state delegate Sid Saab, a fitness gym in Severna Park. In February 2021, a former employee filed a lawsuit against the two lawmakers, alleging that she was retaliated against for reporting sexual harassment by another co-worker. A federal jury ruled for the employee in September 2023.
Political positions.
COVID-19 pandemic.
In April 2020, Chisholm sent a letter to the Maryland Department of Health asking the agency to publicly release more information about COVID-19 outbreaks in elder care facilities.
In May 2020, Chisholm attended a Reopen Maryland rally to protest COVID-19 restrictions put into place through executive orders by Governor Larry Hogan.
Chisholm introduced legislation during the 2021 legislative session that would provide a property tax credit to businesses in Anne Arundel County that were affected by the state's COVID-19 emergency declarations. The bill received a favorable report from the Anne Arundel County Delegation, but stalled in committee.
Criminal justice.
In July 2020, Chisholm organized a "Back the Blue" rally in Annapolis, which he said was separate from the Black Lives Matter movement.
In 2021, Chisholm opposed legislation that would remove the governor of Maryland from the Maryland Parole Commission, and introduced an amendment that would require inmates serving a life sentence to get "unanimous agreement" from the state's parole board to be released. His amendment was rejected in a 91–41 vote.
Education.
In April 2023, Chisholm sent a letter to State Superintendent Mohammed Choudhury accusing the Maryland State Department of Education of hiding scores from failing scores by altering data files available on the department's website. An investigation conducted by the state inspector general found no evidence of these claims.
Electoral reform.
In 2021, Chisholm opposed legislation that would allow register voters to opt-in to an absentee ballot list instead of reapplying for mail-in ballots before statewide elections, introducing an amendment that would require voters to have a government-issued ID to vote. His amendment was rejected.
National politics.
In May 2024, Chisholm signed onto a letter condemning the jury's guilty verdict in the Trump hush money trial, calling the ruling a "political prosecution from a kangaroo court and left-leaning prosecutor" that is turning the U.S. justice system into a "third world parody of law and order".
Taxes.
In 2021, Chisholm opposed legislation that would allow Maryland counties to set up a progressive income tax, introducing an amendment that would have required counties to lower the tax on lower income brackets if officials opt to increase the tax for higher income brackets. His amendment was rejected.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
References.
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42454206 | American politician (born 1984)
Ezekiel Berzoff-Cohen (born September 19, 1984) is an American politician who has served the president of the Baltimore City Council since 2024. He previously represented the 1st district of the city council from 2016 to 2024.
Early life and education.
Cohen was born in Northampton, Massachusetts on September 19, 1984, to father Lewis Cohen, a psychiatrist, and mother Joan Berzoff, a professor at Smith College. He moved from Massachusetts to Baltimore to attend Goucher College, where he served as the president of the student government association and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 2008. Cohen later attended Johns Hopkins University, where he earned a Master of Arts degree in public policy.
Cohen taught middle school social studies with Teach for America at George G. Kelson Elementary School and Curtis Bay Elementary School until 2011, when he founded his own nonprofit, The Intersection, which ran after-school programs for city youth. In August 2022, Cohen was hired as a consultant for Open Society Foundations.
Baltimore City Council.
Tenure.
In March 2015, Cohen announced that he would run for the Baltimore City Council in District 1, seeking to succeed retiring city councilor James Kraft. During the Democratic primary, he ran on a platform ran on a platform including providing universal prekindergarten, improving police-community relationships, making Baltimore more pedestrian-friendly, expanding the city's summer jobs program, and reducing fees on small businesses. Cohen won the six-way Democratic primary election with 27.3 percent of the vote on April 26, 2016, and defeated Republican nominee Matthew McDaniel in the general election on November 8. He was sworn into the Baltimore City Council on December 8, 2016, where he was a member of the Education, Workforce, and Youth Committee during his entire tenure, including as its chair from 2016 to 2020, and on the Housing and Urban Affairs Committee and Public Safety Committee from 2016 to 2020. During his tenure, Cohen gained a reputation as a progressive, an ally to Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott, and as one of the most effective members of the city council.
Cohen ran for re-election in 2020. He defeated challenger Paris Bienert in the Democratic primary and ran unopposed in the general election. During the election, Cohen asked his supporters to donate to Baltimore City Public Schools funds to support families amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
In January 2023, Cohen expressed interest in running for president of the Baltimore City Council, challenging incumbent president Nick Mosby. He officially entered the race on March 19, 2023. During the Democratic primary, Cohen criticized Mosby for his fights with Scott. He also received endorsements from State's Attorney Ivan Bates, Comptroller Bill Henry, and various local labor unions. He also lead his competitors, Mosby and former city councilmember Shannon Sneed, in fundraising. Cohen defeated Mosby in the Democratic primary election on May 14, 2024, and defeated Republican challenger Emmanuel Digman in the general election. Cohen was sworn in on December 5, 2024, and is the first Jewish president of the Baltimore City Council since Walter Orlinsky.
Crime and policing.
During his 2016 city council campaign, Cohen criticized Mayor Martin O'Malley's CitiStat and zero-tolerance crime policies as "failures". He supports giving the city of Baltimore control over its police department. He also called for several community-focused police reforms, including a shift away from the police department's war on drugs mentality and toward prioritizing public safety over making arrests.
In July 2019, Cohen introduced a bill requiring agencies that interact with children and families to train employees on how to respond to trauma. The bill, which was later renamed after the late U.S. representative Elijah Cummings, passed, and was signed into law by Mayor Jack Young in February 2020. The law made Baltimore the first American city to have legislated trauma-informed care into law.
Cohen called for cuts to city police funding following the murder of George Floyd in June 2020, and called for criminal justice reforms after Derek Chauvin was sentenced in April 2021. He supported Maryland Police Accountability Act of 2021, which repealed the Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights, limited the use of no-knock warrants, and required police body cameras.
In July 2022, after 48-year-old Timothy Reynolds was fatally shot in a confrontation with squeegee workers, Cohen sent an open letter to the deputy mayor calling on the city to put an end to squeegee work by increasing enforcement, support systems, and job opportunities for youth. He also suggested using universal basic income to give squeegee workers direct payments to encourage them to stop washing car windows at intersections.
During his 2024 city council president campaign, Cohen supported State's Attorney Bates' increased use of the citation docket to address low-level offenses, such as drug possession and loitering.
Development initiatives.
In February 2023, Cohen introduced a bill requiring city officials to increase inspections on buildings with 20 units or more and with a record of poor conditions until conditions improve, and would revoke rental licenses form landlords that do not improve their buildings' conditions.
After the Baltimore Board of Estimates voted to approve Mayor Brandon Scott's Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE) conduit agreement in February 2023, Cohen called for the reform or abolition of the Board of Estimates. Cohen later rallied against BGE proposals to increase gas rates by an average of $10.36 per month over a span of three years, or about a 63 percent increase, to pay for new gas infrastructure.
Education.
Cohen supported Mayor Catherine Pugh's proposal to provide free community college for high school graduates. In October 2018, he organized the Support Our Schools Tour, which highlighted solutions and issues in the state's public school systems ahead of the Kirwan Commission releasing the Blueprint for Maryland's Future. In April 2023, Cohen called on Baltimore City Public Schools to return to a five-day school week during its summer session, saying that it would support student safety and prevent youth violence. He later launched a "Field Trip Fridays" program with local nonprofits for students enrolled in summer programming with city schools.
During his 2024 city council president campaign, Cohen supported universal preschool and implementing restorative practices and conflict resolution training in schools.
Ethics reform.
In April 2018, Cohen introduced the "Transparency in Lobbying Act", which requires the city ethics board to post lobbying disclosure forums online quarterly. The bill passed and became law in October 2018, and the lobbying reporting website went live in October 2019. After Baltimore voters approved a ballot initiative implementing a two-term limit on elected officials in November 2022, Cohen voted against a bill to shorten the time needed for officials to qualify for pensions to eight years, instead supporting a competitive retirement plan system for elected officials. He supported Mayor Brandon Scott's veto of the pension bill.
Environment.
In January 2023, Cohen wrote to the Baltimore Public Works Department to criticize its decision to invest limited federal stimulus in the city's Clean Corps program, and to call on the department to reinstate its weekly recycling pickup. He later introduced a resolution calling for higher wages for the city's sanitation workers. In March 2023, after it was reported that the Back River Wastewater Treatment Plant would treat 675,000 gallons of wastewater from the East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment site, Cohen introduced a resolution to prevent the wastewater system from treating wastewater from the train crash.
Immigration.
In March 2017, Cohen introduced a resolution calling on U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents to "not target anyone who merely lacks proper documentation" or students permitted to study under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. The resolution was unanimously passed by the Baltimore City Council. In May 2021, he was arrested and charged with civil disobedience for participating in a CASA de Maryland protest in Washington, D.C. to pressure lawmakers to pass legislation creating a path for citizenship for immigrants.
Minimum wage.
In March 2017, Cohen voted to raise Baltimore's minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2022.
Redistricting.
In October 2023, Cohen voted against a city council redistricting map proposed by city council president Nick Mosby, expressing frustration with the rushed process of passing the new maps. In February 2024, he proposed establishing an independent redistricting commission to draw Baltimore's city council districts.
Social issues.
In March 2019, Cohen introduced a resolution calling on Baltimore City Public Schools to adopt a policy protecting transgender students against gender discrimination. The Baltimore City Council unanimously voted to approve the resolution. He also introduced a bill requiring all single-occupancy bathrooms to be gender-neutral, which passed and was signed into law by Mayor Jack Young.
In May 2022, following the leak of a draft opinion in the U.S. Supreme Court case "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", which would overturn "Roe v. Wade" and "Planned Parenthood v. Casey", Cohen introduced a resolution calling for the creation of a city fund to support reproductive health care service providers, which was approved by the Baltimore City Council. He also called on Governor Larry Hogan to release funding for the Abortion Care Access Act, which expanded the types of healthcare providers who can perform abortions.
In July 2022, Cohen introduced a bill establishing the Baltimore City Commission on Aging, an independent agency tasked with assessing the needs of the city's senior population and connecting them with services. The Baltimore City Council unanimously voted to approve the legislation in August 2023.
In June 2023, Cohen introduced an amendment to the city budget to move $1 million in funding from the Baltimore Office of Promotion & the Arts to the city's public library system to assist with implementing the Peer Navigators program, which helps connect community members with addiction and behavioral health issues with experts. He withdrew the amendment a few weeks later and was the only member of the city council to vote against the final passage of the budget.
In July 2023, Cohen rallied against the closure of three of the city's public pools through the entirety of the summer, which prompted city officials to temporarily backtrack and later give Cohen special approval to solicit private funds for a pop-up splash pad in Patterson Park.
In December 2023, Cohen voted for a resolution condemning the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel and calling for the immediate release of Hamas-held hostages, and against a resolution calling for a long-term ceasefire in the Israel–Hamas war.
Transportation.
Cohen supports the Red Line and criticized Governor Larry Hogan's cancellation of the transit line project. During his 2016 city council campaign, he supported the implementation of Baltimore's Bicycle Master Plan and expanding the city's public transportation system, including light rail and Charm City Circulator routes.
Personal life.
Cohen lives in the Brewer's Hill neighborhood of Baltimore. He is married to his wife Reena, who works as a doctor at MedStar Harbor Hospital and whom he proposed to at his 2016 campaign kickoff. He is Jewish.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
References.
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42454206 | American politician and judge (1860–1917)
Robley Dunglison Jones (December 31, 1860 – July 7, 1917) was an American politician and judge. He served as the state's attorney for Worcester County, Maryland between 1891 and 1903 and as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1908.
Early life.
Robley Dunglison Jones was born on December 31, 1860, in Newark, Maryland to Catherine D. (née Gray) and Charles P. Jones. His father was a practicing physician. At a young age, Jones and his parents moved to Snow Hill. Jones was educated at Snow Hill High School. In 1880, Jones became a school master at Girdletree Public School in Girdletree for one year and then conducted a school in Stockton for two years. Jones read law under the instruction of law firm Covington and Wilson. In 1883, Jones attended University of Virginia School of Law and in Spring 1884, Jones was admitted to the bar in Virginia and Maryland.
Career.
Jones began a law practice in Snow Hill. In 1891, Jones was elected under a Democratic ticket as state's attorney for Worcester County. He was re-elected twice and served until 1903.
In 1907, Jones was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates. On May 1, 1908, Jones resigned the position and accepted an appointment by Governor Austin Lane Crothers as an associate judge of the first judicial court. He remained in that role until his death.
Personal life.
Jones married Louis Richardson Franklin, daughter of Littleton P. Franklin, on December 22, 1897. They had one daughter, Emily.
Jones died on July 7, 1917, at the Church Home and Infirmary in Baltimore after operations for a brain tumor. He was buried at Whitecoat United Methodist Cemetery in Snow Hill.
References.
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42454206 | American politician
John R. Schneider (March 31, 1937—August 27, 2002) was a Democratic State Senator in Maryland, United States.
Early life and education.
Schneider was born in Baltimore, on March 31, 1937. He graduated from Dundalk High School in 1956.
Career.
Schneider worked as a junior draftsman at the Glenn L. Martin Company in Essex, Maryland from 1961 until 1963. He left Martin's to become a technical illustrator for Engineering Illustrated, Inc. and worked there for two years, 1961-63. After he left that company, he spent the majority of his life working for Allied Signal. In 1995, he became a staff analyst for State Senator Thomas L. Bromwell up until Bromwell left his position in 2002.
Background.
Schneider was appointed to the position of State Senator for District 8, which covers portions of Baltimore County, Maryland and Baltimore, by former Maryland Governor Parris Glendening when Thomas L. Bromwell resigned to accept a position with the Maryland Injured Workers Insurance Fund. During his short time in the Maryland State Senate, Schneider was a member of the Finance Committee. Outside of the Senate, he was a member of the Board of Trustees for the Community College of Baltimore.
On August 27, 2002, less than two months after Schneider accepted the position, he died in Perry Hall, Maryland, at age 65. He was replaced by Joseph T. Ferraracci, who was appointed by Governor Glendening on September 17, 2002.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American judge
Joseph M. Getty (born April 14, 1952) is the former chief judge of the Supreme Court of Maryland. He was appointed as a judge of that court on June 27, 2016, by Governor Larry Hogan. Effective September 11, 2021, Hogan appointed him as chief judge to replace Mary Ellen Barbera as she reached the mandatory retirement age of 70, an age Getty himself reached after seven months. He was succeeded by Matthew J. Fader.
Getty is a former Republican state senator and delegate representing Maryland's 5th district. In February 2015, then-Senator Getty was appointed by Governor Larry Hogan to his cabinet, as legislative and policy director during his second term as senator. When Getty vacated his seat, he was replaced by former delegate, now Senator Justin Ready. Getty also served in former Governor Bob Ehrlich's cabinet in a similar capacity.
Joe Getty is also a regular contributor to the "Northern News", which is a weekly newspaper that distributes to Hampstead, Manchester and Upperco, Maryland. He also previously served as the director of the Historical Society of Carroll County.
He is a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Law.
Task Force, boards and commissions.
In 2012, Getty was appointed by Maryland legislative leaders to a task force to study the impact of a Maryland Court of Appeals ruling regarding the liability of owners of pit bulls and landlords that rent to them.
References.
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] | 210 | [
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42454206 | American politician (1906–2006)
Lena King Lee (July 14, 1906 – August 24, 2006) was an American educator, attorney, and politician who entered politics at the age of 60 and became one of the first African-American women elected to the Maryland General Assembly. Lee advocated for teachers' rights, women's rights, and affordable housing, and founded the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland in 1970. She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1989.
Early life and education.
She was born Lena King in Sumter County, Alabama, in 1906, one of three children of Samuel Sylvester King and Lula Gully King. Her father was a coal miner and a miners' activist who at times worked as a chauffeur and a butler to make ends meet. Lena attended public schools in Alabama, Illinois, and Pennsylvania, as her father moved around in search of mining jobs. After graduating from Tarentum High School, where she was the only black student and finished third in a class of 70, a teacher arranged for her to receive a scholarship to Cheyney University of Pennsylvania, where she trained as a teacher. In 1927, she moved to Annapolis, Maryland, to take her first teaching job. Four years later she moved to Baltimore, where she taught sixth grade in the Baltimore public schools. Early in her teaching career she joined the American Federation of Teachers and fought for teachers' rights.
After earning a Bachelor of Science degree from Morgan State University in 1939, Lee was barred from pursuing graduate studies at the University of Maryland due to racial segregation. Maryland instead paid for African Americans to attend school out of state. Lee commuted by train to New York City on weekends, and received her Master of Arts degree from New York University in 1947. Decades later, she recalled in an interview, "By the time you got to New York, you were worn out, and of course we couldn't ride the Pullmans. This great country actually tolerated that." In 1952, she became the third black woman to receive a law degree from the University of Maryland School of Law. She was admitted to the Maryland Bar in 1953.
Career.
While pursuing her degrees, Lee continued to teach in the Baltimore public schools. She served as principal of Henry H. Garnett Elementary School from 1947 to 1964, remaining there even after earning her law degree and being admitted to the bar. As a lawyer she worked mostly on domestic cases. In the 1950s Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. appointed her to the Baltimore Housing and Urban Renewal Commission, where she fought for affordable housing for the city's black community. Later she served on the Maryland Advisory Council for Higher Education as an appointee of Governor J. Millard Tawes.
In 1966 she was drafted to run for state delegate. She ran on a progressive platform and was elected that November. Lee represented Baltimore's 4th legislative district (now the 44th) from 1967 to 1982. During her 16 years in the Maryland House of Delegates, she became known for attacking what she considered "bad bills." She saved the historic Orchard Street Church from demolition, helped get Morgan State University accredited, and advocated for the rights of teachers, women, and children. She founded the Maryland Legislative Black Caucus in 1970. In a 1996 interview in the "Crisis" she recalled, "There was a need to huddle together. There's still a need and we don't realize it. We think we've made it. I often wonder where we're going."
In 1971, Lee proposed a "Marriage-Contractual Renewal Bill," which would have allowed Maryland residents to annul or renew their marriages every three years. The bill received national attention, and Lee made appearances on the "Merv Griffin Show" and the "Today" Show. Although the bill did not pass, Lee's efforts contributed to Maryland's eventual adoption of no-fault divorce.
Awards and honors.
Lee received a Presidential Citation from the National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education in 1988. She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1989. In 1995 she received the Distinguished Jurist Award from the National Bar Association and was inducted into the National Bar Association Hall of Fame. She is featured in "2000 Women of Achievement", Bicentennial Issue of "Who's Who in America", "Who's Who of Women", "Black Americans", "International Biography", and "Women of Achievement in Maryland History".
In December 2005, the United States House of Representatives voted to name the post office at 1826 Pennsylvania Avenue in Baltimore, in Lee's honor. The legislation was sponsored by Representative Elijah Cummings, who credited Lee with getting him started in politics. Lee attended the dedication ceremony in June 2006.
Her papers are stored in the Thurgood Marshall Law Library at the University of Maryland School of Law.
Personal life.
In 1937 she married Robert Lee, a Baltimore businessman. Her husband died circa 1965.
After leaving public office, Lee was active in many civic and cultural organizations, including the Monumental City Bar Association, the Maryland League of Women's Clubs, the DuBois Circle, the Sharp Street Memorial United Methodist Church, the Herbert M. Frisby Historical Society, and the Madison Park Improvement Association. She died on August 24, 2006, at her home in Baltimore.
References.
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42454206 | Aris Melissaratos is a Romanian-born Greek-American engineer, industrialist, aerospace executive, investor, philanthropist, university administrator, author and former government official in Maryland. He served as Secretary of Business and Economic Development of Maryland from 2003 to 2007, in the administration of Governor Robert Ehrlich.
Early life and education.
Melissaratos was born to Greek parents in Galátsi, Romania, on December 3, 1943. The following year the Soviet Union occupied Romania and implemented a process of Sovietization. In 1950 the Melissaratos family fled to Greece as refugees. In 1956 they emigrated to the US, settling in Baltimore. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering at the Johns Hopkins University and a Master of Science in engineering management at George Washington University. He later completed the Graduate Program for Management Development at Harvard University and graduate research in international relations at Catholic University of America.
Business career.
In 1966 Melissaratos joined the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Over the next 25 years he occupied various positions, eventually becoming chief operating officer for the corporation's defense electronics and aerospace divisions. In this position, he oversaw the company's development, design, engineering and manufacturing operations throughout the US, Mexico and Barbados along with 16,000 employees and a $3.2 billion annual revenue portfolio. He ended his 32-year relationship with Westinghouse as the Vice President of Science and Technology and Chief Technology Officer. Melissaratos also managed the Science and Technology Center at Westinghouse's corporate headquarters in Pittsburgh.
After Westinghouse's purchase of the CBS Television Network and the replacement of the Westinghouse brand with that of the CBS Corporation, Melissaratos left Westinghouse in 1998 to join Thermo Electron Corporation as its Vice President of Research and Development and president and chief executive officer of its wholly owned subsidiary, the Coleman Research Corporation. He also simultaneously became CEO of the affiliated Thermo Coleman Corporation and Thermo Information Solutions. Melissaratos is chairman of a private think-tank, the ArMel Center for Technology and Public Policy. In April 2020, he joined St John Properties, Inc, headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland, a real estate development and investment firm active in states including Maryland, Colorado, Louisiana, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia and Wisconsin, as vice president of corporate education and leadership development.
Government service.
In 2003 Melissaratos was appointed the Business and Economic Development Secretary of Maryland in the administration of Republican Bob Ehrlich. During the administration of Governor Martin O'Malley, The Baltimore Sun reported that at a conference in the boardroom of First Mariner Bank, business leaders urged to reappoint Melissaratos, but O'Malley did not invite Melissaratos to stay on and he left his government post in January 2007.
Academic administration.
In February 2007 Melissaratos was hired as the Enterprise Development Advisor to the president of Johns Hopkins University. He held his position at Johns Hopkins until the end of 2013, when the next university president appointed investor Christy Wyskiel to the same role. In 2014, Melissaratos had a new role at the university as executive-in-residence at Hopkins’ Carey Business School and senior advisor to the school's dean, Bernard T. Ferrari. Melissaratos occupied this position until July when Stevenson University appointed him to head the Brown School of Business and Leadership.
Authorship.
In 2009 Melissaratos co-authored the book, "Innovation, The Key to Prosperity: Technology and America's Role in the 21st Century Global Economy with N.J. Slabbert". The book criticized the US for a loss of technological will and argued for a massive government-led plan to re-energize the nation's technology innovation in order to create jobs and usher in a new era of economic growth. The book appears in the bibliography of eight reports on American economic regeneration published by the US National Academy of Sciences.
Honors.
1997 Electronic Industries Association Defense Manufacturing Excellence Award
2001 Johns Hopkins University Distinguished Alumnus Award
2007 Johns Hopkins University Woodrow Wilson Award for Distinguished Government Service
2008 Greater Baltimore Technology Council Extraordinary Technology Advocate Award
2009 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award
2009 Baltimore Museum of Industry William Donald Schaefer Industrialist of the Year Award)
2012 Corridor, Inc. (business and political magazine focusing on the Washington DC / Baltimore corridor) Person of the Year Award
2013 United States Congressional Record Tribute, read from the floor of the House of Representatives by Rep. C.A. "Dutch" Ruppersberger, honoring Melissaratos as a visionary businessman and champion of the State of Maryland, on the occasion of his 70th birthday
2014 Commitment to Community award
2014 Baltimore Business Journal Outstanding Director Award in recognition of excellent service as chairman of the board of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
2014 Education Foundation of Baltimore County Public Schools, Inc. and Maryland Association of Nonpublic Special Education Facilities (MANSEF) Legacy in Leadership Award for Lifetime Achievement
2014 Maryland Association of Fundraising Professionals' Philanthropist of the Year Award
Personal life.
Melissaratos's net worth is unpublished but he has been described as "well-heeled". His 14,000-square-foot Georgian-style home on a 44-acre Maryland estate, with a pool area designed by Disney Imagineering, is a frequent venue of fundraising events for philanthropic causes.
References.
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42454206 | American politician
John W. Derr (born March 18, 1941) is an American politician who was a member of the Maryland Senate representing District 3 from 1983 to 1999.
Background.
Derr was appointed to the Maryland Senate to represent District 3 in 1983, which covers parts of Frederick and Washington Counties, following the death of incumbent state senator Edward P. Thomas Jr. In 1986, Derr was elected to a full term, defeating Democratic challenger Gerald Downs in the general election with 68 percent of the vote.
In 1990, Senator Derr was not challenged and received 100% of the vote. In the 1994 primary election, Derr received more competition, this time from Republican Charles R. Luttrell. Luttrell managed to garner 47% of the vote. Derr went on to win the general election, this time, oddly enough, beating the same candidate, Charles R. Luttrell, who apparently switched parties to challenge Derr again.
In 1998, Derr saw the end of his senatorial career. He was defeated by Republican challenger Alex X. Mooney in the Republican primary election. Mooney received a sizable majority of the votes, 63% to Derr's 37%. Mooney went on to win the general election, defeating the Democrat Ronald S. Bird.
Education.
Derr attended Frederick High School in Frederick, MD. After high school, he received his B.S. from the University of Maryland in 1963. To become a chartered life underwriter (C.L.U.), Derr graduated from The American College in 1977.
Career.
Prior to his political career, Derr served in U.S. Army Reserves from 1963 until 1969. He then started his career as an insurance agent. In 1982, Derr political career began to take shape when he became a member of the Republican Local Central Committee. Derr was selected as a delegate to the Republican Party National Convention in 1996.
Derr is a past president of the Frederick Jaycees, and was named Jaycee International Senator in 1977. He is also a past president of the Frederick County Heart Association. Derr belongs to the Frederick Life Underwriters Association and is a member of the board of trustees for Frederick Memorial Hospital .
While serving in the Maryland State Senate, Derr rose to the level of the Minority Whip from 1996 until he was defeated in 1999. He was the Senate Chair for the Joint Committee on Protocol and he was the chair of the Frederick County Delegation from 1995 until 1999.
An article in the "Washington Post" suspected that Derr was defeated because of his view on abortion rights. F. Vernon Boozer suffered the same fate with his views on abortion and gun control in his loss to Andrew Harris.
References and notes.
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42454206 | American politician
Habern William Freeman (born August 10, 1941) is a Democratic politician from the State of Maryland, having served Harford County in several different elected positions, including Harford County Executive and State Senator.
Education.
Freeman graduated in 1962 with a bachelor's degree from Lock Haven State College, now Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania. In 1964, Freeman received his physical therapy certification from the University of Maryland.
Political career.
Habern Freeman was elected to the Harford County Council in 1972 and served as its president from 1974 until 1978. In 1982 Freeman was elected as the third county executive of Harford County and served until 1990, when he was succeeded by Eileen M. Rehrmann.
After serving as County Executive, Habern Freeman was elected in 1990 to State Senator serving District 34, running unopposed. Freeman served as state senator until 1994. During his time in the State Senate, he served as a member of the Judicial Proceedings Committee and in 1991 and 1992 served on the Special Joint Committee on Pensions. In 1994, Habern was defeated by David R. Craig, who later also became a County Executive for Harford County.
Voters to choose one:
Voters to choose one:
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (1926–2019)
Harry Roe Hughes (November 13, 1926 – March 13, 2019) was an American politician from the Democratic Party who served as the 57th Governor of Maryland from 1979 to 1987.
Early life and family.
Hughes was born in Easton, Maryland, the son of Helen (Roe) and Jonathan Longfellow Hughes. Hughes attended Caroline County, Maryland, public schools before attending the Mercersburg Academy in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. After school, Hughes served in the U.S. Naval Air Corps during the Second World War.
After the War, Hughes continued his education by attending Mount Saint Mary's University and the University of Maryland, from which he graduated in 1949. At Maryland he was a member of the Alpha Psi chapter of the Theta Chi social fraternity. He received his Juris Doctor degree from The George Washington University Law School in 1952 and was admitted to the Maryland Bar the same year. Hughes married his wife, Patricia Donoho Hughes, on June 30, 1951. They have two daughters, Ann and Elizabeth. Patricia Hughes died on January 20, 2010, in Denton at the age of 79.
Prior to his election as governor, Hughes was an attorney and one-time professional baseball player in the Eastern Shore League. From 1966 to 1970, Hughes was the chairman of Maryland Democratic State Central Committee.
Political career.
Hughes began his political career as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1955 to 1959, representing Caroline County. He was elected a member of the Maryland Senate in 1958 and served until 1970 for district 15, representing Caroline, Cecil, Kent, Queen Anne's, and Talbot counties. In 1971, Hughes was offered and accepted the position of Secretary of Transportation for the state.
In May 1977, however, Hughes resigned from his position because of a disagreement in the State Department of Transportation regarding the award of a construction contract for a subway in Baltimore.
Hughes was elected governor in 1978 after defeating Lieutenant Governor Blair Lee III in the Democratic primary election, and Republican John Glenn Beall, Jr. in the general election. Among other things, Hughes was a strong advocate for the Chesapeake Bay. He signed into law such legislation as that approving the Chesapeake Bay Agreement, which set into motion efforts to restore the Bay and recover from excessive fishing.
Also during his administration, Maryland initiated foreign trade with China. The Savings and Loan crisis, involving the failure of many savings and loan organizations across the United States, hit Maryland near the end of Hughes' tenure with the run at Old Court Savings and Loans, but nevertheless steps were taken to insure Maryland savings and loans organizations. Hughes served two terms, defeating Republican challenger Robert A. Pascal in 1982, and concluded his governorship in 1987.
In 1986, Hughes and Congressman Michael D. Barnes both unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Charles "Mac" Mathias. They lost to Barbara Mikulski, who went on to win the general election.
Later career.
Hughes was a member of the Chesapeake Bay Trust from 1995 to 2003; a member of the Board of Regents of the University System of Maryland from 1996 to 2000; the chairman of the Blue Ribbon Citizens Pfiesteria Commission in 1997; the chairman of the Maryland Appellate Judicial Nominating Commission from 1999 to 2003; and a member of the committee to Establish the Maryland Survivors Scholarship Fund from 2001 to 2002. Hughes was a member of the Advisory Committee for the Eastern Shore Land Conservancy's board of directors.
Hughes published an autobiography in 2006.
After a series of illnesses, including pneumonia, Hughes died under hospice care at his home in Denton on March 13, 2019, aged 92.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American legislative district
Maryland's Legislative District 38 is one of 47 districts in the state for the Maryland General Assembly. It covers Somerset County, Worcester County and part of Wicomico County. The district is divided into three sub-districts for the Maryland House of Delegates: District 38A, District 38B and District 38C.
Demographic characteristics.
As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 131,889, of whom 107,520 (81.5%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 90,597 (68.7%) White, 26,691 (20.2%) African American, 472 (0.4%) Native American, 3,239 (2.5%) Asian, 32 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 3,547 (2.7%) from some other race, and 7,303 (5.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,890 (5.2%) of the population.
The district had 87,103 registered voters as of October 17, 2020, of whom 16,196 (18.6%) were registered as unaffiliated, 36,708 (42.1%) were registered as Republicans, 32,749 (37.6%) were registered as Democrats, and 879 (1.0%) were registered to other parties.
Political representation.
The district is represented for the 2023–2027 legislative term in the State Senate by Mary Beth Carozza (R) and in the House of Delegates by Charles J. Otto (R, District 38A) and Wayne A. Hartman (R, District 38C). District 38B is currently not represented by anybody following Carl Anderton Jr. (R)'s resignation on July 24, 2024.
History.
1994 redistricting.
On January 14, 1994, Maryland was ordered to submit a plan for a new African American majority district on the Eastern Shore following "Marylanders for Fair Representation, Inc. v. Schaefer". The U.S. District Court approved a plan to alter the boundaries of former legislative districts 36, 37, and 38, beginning with the 1994 general election. Following this, Somerset County, Worcester County and part of Wicomico County were provisioned for district 38.
References.
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42454206 | Delegation in the Maryland General Assembly
The Baltimore County Delegation refers to the members of the Maryland House of Delegates who reside in or represent legislative districts that include parts of Baltimore County, Maryland in the United States of America. Three delegates are elected from each district, though some districts are divided into sub-districts.
Current members.
As of 2023, the current members of the Baltimore County Delegation are:
Notes.
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] | 184 | [
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1966)
Peter A. Hammen (born July 1, 1966) is an American politician who represented the 46th legislative district in the Maryland House of Delegates. Delegate Hammen was also the Chairman of the House Health and Government Operations Committee.
Background.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 1, 1966, Hammen attended the University of Baltimore and earned his B.S. in criminal justice in 1989 and his M.P.A. in public administration in 1993.
In the legislature.
Delegate Hammen was a member of House of Delegates from January 11, 1995 to December 2016. He initially served on the House Environmental Matters Committee and then moved to the House Health and Government Operations Committee in 2003. He served as that committee's chairman from 2005 to 2016. He was the House Co-Chair of the Joint Legislative Task Force on Small-Group Market Health Insurance. Hammen resigned his seat in December 2016 to take a job in the administration of Baltimore Mayor Catherine Pugh.
Voters to choose three:
Notes.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1972)
Luke H. Clippinger (born September 24, 1972) is an American politician and lawyer who has served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing the state's 46th district in Baltimore, since 2011.
Early life and education.
Clippinger was born in Baltimore on September 24, 1972. He graduated from the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute and attended Earlham College, where he served as the manager of the WECI radio station and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in politics in 1994, and the University of Louisville, where he earned a Juris Doctor degree in 2005. He was admitted to the Maryland State Bar Association in 2007.
Political career.
Clippinger says he has been involved in politics since he was seven years old as a worker in Mary Pat Clarke's city council campaign.
While attending Earlham, Clippinger conducted polls for various elections in Wayne County, Indiana, served as the communications director for the Wayne County Democratic Party from 1992 to 1994, and ran unsuccessfully for Wayne Township assessor in 1994. After graduating, he interned for Indiana state senators Lindel Hume and Joe O'Day during the 1995 legislative session, afterwards working as an office manager for Baltimore mayoral election candidate Mary Pat Clarke. In 1996, Clippinger worked as an intern and was later named to manage the re-election campaign of U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton. He worked as a community development specialist for the Indiana Department of Commerce until 1998, when he was named to manage the campaign of congressional candidate Baron Hill and, following his election to Congress, became Hill's district director until 2005.
In 2006, Clippinger was named as the campaign manager for Tom Perez's short-lived campaign for Attorney General of Maryland. Afterwards, he worked as a spokesperson for Stephanie Rawlings-Blake's mayoral campaign and as an assistant state's attorney in Anne Arundel County since 2007. Clippinger served as a member of the platform committee at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.
In the legislature.
In 2010, Clippinger ran for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 46, seeking to succeed retiring state delegate Carolyn J. Krysiak. He won the Democratic primary election in September, placing third with 18.7 percent of the vote.
Clippinger was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates on January 12, 2011. He was a member of the Judiciary Committee from 2011 to 2015, afterwards serving in the Economic Matters Committee before returning to the Judiciary Committee as its chair in 2019. Clippinger served as the chair of the Democratic Party Caucus from 2015 to 2018.
Personal life.
Clippinger is openly gay. He attends the Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church in Baltimore.
In April 2016, Clippinger said that he experienced "significant fatigue" at the end of the 2016 legislative session, and in June he was diagnosed with a rare form of leukemia. In January 2017, he said that the cancer was in remission.
Political positions.
"Maryland Matters" has described Clippinger as a "leader of the progressive wing" in the House.
Business.
During the 2018 legislative session, Clippinger supported the Reform on Tap Act, a bill backed by Comptroller Peter Franchot to deregulate the state's craft beer industry.
In 2022, Clippinger supported legislation that would require companies on The Block in Baltimore to close at 10 p.m. nightly.
Crime and policing.
During the 2014 legislative session, Clippinger introduced "Jake's Law", a bill that would increase penalties for drivers who cause fatal accidents while texting and driving. The bill was named for Jake Owen, a five-year-old boy who was killed in a 2011 crash caused by a driver who was talking on his phone. The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Martin O'Malley.
In July 2017, Clippinger and other lawmakers from District 46 released an "anti-violence plan" that called for increased funding for social programs and strengthened gun laws.
During the 2019 legislative session, Clippinger introduced a bill that would require police trial boards to release audio from their hearings under the state Open Meetings Act. The bill passed the House of Delegates, but died in the Senate Judicial Proceedings Committee.
In May 2020, Clippinger expressed disappointment with Governor Larry Hogan's veto of a bill to increase funding for the Baltimore Police Department for 10 high-crime "microzones" in the city.
During the 2021 legislative session, Clippinger introduced a bill to remove the governor of Maryland from the state's parole board. The bill passed, but was vetoed by Hogan.
In 2023, Clippinger supported legislation that would give the attorney general of Maryland sole prosecutorial power over cases involving police-involved deaths.
Education.
In August 2019, Clippinger signed onto a letter calling for the Maryland State Department of Education to add lessons on LGBT and disability rights movements into social studies curriculum. The Department of Education agreed to update its curriculum to include this material two weeks after it was sent.
Gun policy.
During the 2022 legislative session, Clippinger supported a bill to ban privately made firearms. He also defended a bill that would require firearms dealers to install security devices, including 24-hour burglary alarm systems and security bars.
In 2023, Clippinger introduced legislation to increase the requirements and fees to obtain a handgun permit. The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Wes Moore.
Marijuana.
During the 2022 legislative session, Clippinger supported legislation creating a statewide referendum on legalizing recreational cannabis in Maryland. He also introduced a bill establishing the framework for the state's cannabis industry, which passed and became law without Governor Larry Hogan's signature.
Paid sick leave.
During the 2017 legislative session, Clippinger introduced the Maryland Healthy Working Families Act, a bill that would allow workers to accrue up to seven days of paid sick leave a year. The bill passed, but was vetoed by Governor Larry Hogan; lawmakers voted to override Hogan's veto during the 2018 legislative session.
Social issues.
During the 2011 legislative session, Clippinger supported the Civil Marriage Protection Act, a bill to legalize same-sex marriage in Maryland. He supported it again when it was reintroduced in 2012, during which it passed and was signed into law. Clippinger opposed Question 6, a 2012 referendum to repeal the Civil Marriage Protection Act.
During the 2013 legislative session, Clippinger attended a rally at the Maryland State House to support a bill that would ban discrimination against transgender people. He reintroduced the bill in 2014, during which it passed and was signed into law by Governor Martin O'Malley.
During the 2014 legislative session, Clippinger introduced legislation to ban conversion therapy on minors. In 2020, he supported legislation to repeal sodomy as a criminal offense. Clippinger supported the bill when it was reintroduced during the 2023 legislative session, during which it passed and became law without Governor Wes Moore's signature.
In April 2015, after the Indiana General Assembly passed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Clippinger penned an open letter inviting Indiana businesses to relocate to Maryland.
In April 2019, Clippinger called for the resignation of Baltimore mayor Catherine Pugh amid the "Healthy Holly" scandal.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
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! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
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! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
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! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
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! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (died 1968)
Joseph B. Payne (died March 5, 1968) was an American politician from Maryland. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Frederick County from 1935 to 1939, from 1947 to 1959 and from 1961 to 1967.
Early life.
Joseph B. Payne was born in Leesburg, Virginia. He attended Brunswick High School in Brunswick, Maryland.
Career.
Payne served with Company L, 313th regiment of the 79th Infantry Division and Company K, 11th regiment of the 28th Infantry Division of the United States Army from 1917 to 1924. He served during World War I and received the Purple Heart. He worked for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for 37 years. He retired in 1961. He was a switch operator at the Brunswick railyard.
Payne was a Republican. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1935 to 1939 and from 1947 to 1959. In 1961, he was appointed as a state delegate to fill the vacancy left by Charles Mathias. He then served until 1967.
Personal life.
Payne married Mary E. Roby, daughter of James P. Roby, of Brunswick on November 20, 1919. He was a member of the First Baptist Church in Brunswick.
Payne died on March 5, 1968, aged 72, at Newton D. Baker Hospital in Martinsburg, West Virginia. He was buried in Reformed Cemetery in Middletown.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (died 1949)
Earle R. Burkins (died September 16, 1949) was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1939 to 1949.
Early life.
Earle R. Burkins was born in Castleton, Maryland, to William A. Burkins.
Career.
Burkins served with the 29th Infantry Division during World War I.
Burkins was a Democrat. Burkins served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1939 to his death in 1949. Burkins served as mayor of Bel Air, Maryland, for 14 years. Burkins served as chair of the town commission of Bel Air from 1940 to 1946. He served as an inspector of the State Racing Commission.
Burkins served as a commander of Harford Post No. 39 of the American Legion.
Personal life.
Burkins married Mosena Warren.
Burkins died on September 16, 1949, at the age of 57, of a heart attack while fishing on the Patuxent River. He was buried at Bel Air Memorial Gardens.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (born 1942)
William H. Cox Jr. (born July 15, 1942) is an American politician from Maryland. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1971 to 1990.
Early life.
William H. Cox Jr. was born on July 15, 1942, in Edgewood, Maryland. He attended Harford County Public Schools and the University of Baltimore.
Career.
Cox is a Democrat. Cox served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1971 to 1974. He continued serving from 1975 to 1982, representing District 6. He continued serving from 1983 to 1990, representing District 34. He was a member of the Ways and Means Committee. He served as the deputy majority whip from 1977 to 1983 and the deputy majority floor leader from 1983 to 1990.
Cox is a real estate broker and developer. He is a member of the board of directors of Fallston General Hospital.
Personal life.
Cox is married with two children.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American judge (born 1969)
Rhonda K. Wood (born 1969) is an American lawyer who has served as an associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court since 2015. She previously served as a judge on the Arkansas Court of Appeals from 2013 to 2014, and as a trial court judge for the Arkansas 20th Judicial Circuit from 2007 to 2012.
Early life and education.
Wood was born in Iowa in 1969. She moved to Arkansas in 1994 to study at Hendrix College in Conway, where she completed a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in political science in 1996. She completed a Juris Doctor at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law in 1999.
Career.
After graduating, Wood started her own law practice in Conway, which was eventually bought out by another law firm, Williams & Anderson of Little Rock. She specialized in appellate law, health law, and business law. Wood also worked as an assistant dean at the Bowen School of Law at UALR from 2002 to 2006.
Since September 2022, Wood has co-hosted the podcast "Lady Justice: Women of the Court" with former Chief Justice Bridget Mary McCormack of Michigan and Chief Justice Beth Walker of West Virginia to discuss state courts, the law and its real-world implications.
Judicial service.
In 2006, Governor Mike Huckabee appointed Wood as a trial court judge, serving on the Arkansas 20th Judicial Circuit Court, which covers three counties: Faulkner, Searcy, and Van Buren. She was re-elected to a six-year term on this court in 2008.
In 2010, Wood challenged incumbent Josephine L. Hart for a seat on the Arkansas Court of Appeals for district 2. Wood was defeated, receiving 48% of the vote, compared to 52% for Hart. In 2012, Wood ran again for a seat on the Arkansas Court of Appeals, and this time she won, defeating Mitch Cash and winning 63% of the vote.
In 2014, Wood ran for a seat on the Arkansas Supreme Court for position 7, and was elected unopposed. Her eight-year term on the court expires in January 2023, and she is eligible to run for re-election in November 2022.
References.
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] |
42454206 | Maryland politician
Laura Herrera Scott is the Secretary of Health for the U.S. state of Maryland.
Education.
Scott received a medical degree from SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University and a master's degree from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Career.
Scott worked as the chief medical officer at the Baltimore City Health Department. She was vice president at Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield and later, medical director of population and community health at Johns Hopkins Healthcare.
Scott served as deputy secretary of public health under Maryland's former Governor, Martin O’Malley.
In January 2023, Scott was nominated for the position of Maryland's Secretary of Health by Governor Wes Moore. She assumed the role in an acting capacity from January 18 to March 2 and was officially named Secretary of Health on March 2, 2023.
References.
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42454206 | American politician and lawyer (1896–1982)
J. Wilmer Cronin (October 14, 1896 – April 28, 1982) was a politician, lawyer and newspaper publisher from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1927 to 1930 and Maryland Senate from 1939 to 1946. He was the owner and publisher of "The Harford Democrat".
Early life.
J. Wilmer Cronin was born on October 14, 1896, in Aberdeen, Maryland. He graduated from the first class of Aberdeen High School and graduated from the Charlotte Hill Military Academy. He took a job at First National Bank of Aberdeen. Cronin attended night classes at University of Maryland School of Law and graduated in 1919. He was admitted to the bar in 1919.
Career.
In 1919, Cronin and a partner bought "The Harford Democrat" and a few years later he bought out his partner. The paper would later be renamed "The Harford Democrat and Aberdeen Enterprise". He worked as owner and publisher of "The Harford Democrat" for over 60 years.
Cronin was a Democrat. Cronin served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1927 to 1930. Cronin served as a member of the Maryland Senate from 1939 to 1946. While in the senate, he served as president of the Young Democrats of Maryland. He was a member of Harford County's Democratic State Central Committee.
Cronin served as town commissioner of Aberdeen. He served as president of the board of commissioners of Aberdeen from 1950 to 1952 and 1955 to 1956. He served as counsel to the town board of commissioners for over 20 years. He served as counsel to Harford County's board of commissioners and counsel for Harford County's planning commission for 15 years. In 1951, Cronin was president of the Harford County Bar Association.
Cronin was a charter member and president of the Aberdeen Lions Club. He also served as chairman of Harford County's Community Chest-Red Cross United Appeal.
Personal life.
Cronin married Mary S. Ferrell in 1918. They had two daughters and a son, Mary, Anne and William R. His wife died in 1972.
Cronin died on April 28, 1982, at Harford Memorial Hospital in Havre de Grace, Maryland. He was buried at Churchville Presbyterian Church.
Legacy.
In 1980, Cronin was the first recipient of Harford County Council's "Living Treasure of Harford County Award".
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician
Charles J. Ryan Jr. (15 September 1936 – 22 January 1994) was an American politician. He was a member of the Maryland General Assembly and served as chairman of the House Appropriations Committee.
Biography.
Born in Southbridge, Massachusetts, he completed his education at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, the University of Maryland (Master of Arts), and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
Ryan was elected in 1978 to represent Bowie in the Maryland House of Delegates. During his tenure, he was involved in significant budget and tax debates. His political career in the legislature concluded in 1992 following a disagreement with then-House Speaker R. Clayton Mitchell Jr., leading to his subsequent appointment as a legislative lobbyist for the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Ryan, a Democrat, advocated for government programs supporting disadvantaged populations, a stance that occasionally put him at odds with Republicans and some members of his own party. His viewpoints on tax increases and government spending were particularly contentious.
References.
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42454206 | American legislative district
Maryland House of Delegates District 2B is one of the 67 districts that compose the Maryland House of Delegates. Along with subdistrict 2A, it makes up the 2nd district of the Maryland Senate. District 2B includes part of Washington County, notably Hagerstown and is represented by one delegate.
Demographic characteristics.
As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 44,417, of whom 33,244 (74.8%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 27,619 (62.2%) White, 8,891 (20.0%) African American, 159 (0.4%) Native American, 1,011 (2.3%) Asian, 17 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 2,000 (4.5%) from some other race, and 4,710 (10.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,341 (9.8%) of the population.
The district had 25,649 registered voters as of October 17, 2020, of whom 5,954 (23.2%) were registered as unaffiliated, 7,538 (29.4%) were registered as Republicans, 11,636 (45.4%) were registered as Democrats, and 291 (1.1%) were registered to other parties.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (born 1964)
William Joseph Wivell (born June 9, 1964) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing District 2A since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he was previously a member of the Washington County Board of Commissioners from 1998 to 2010, and from 2014 to 2015.
Early life and career.
Wivell was born in Hagerstown, Maryland on June 9, 1964. He attended Smithsburg High School in Smithsburg, Maryland and graduated from Hagerstown Community College with a A.A. degree in 1984. He later graduated from Shepherd University with a B.A. in 1986, and from Mount Saint Mary's University with an M.B.A. in 1991. Wivell currently works as a business administrator at the St. James School.
In 1998, Wivell was elected to the Washington County Board of County Commissioners, where he served until he retired in 2010 to "take a break from public life to focus on other things". In 2008, he applied to fill a vacancy in the Maryland House of Delegates following the resignation of Robert A. McKee. Wivell was re-elected to the Board of County Commissioners in 2014, where he served until Governor Larry Hogan appointed him to serve in the Maryland House of Delegates in February 2015, filling a vacancy left by the resignation of delegate Andrew A. Serafini to serve in the Maryland Senate.
Wivell is an endowment life member of the National Rifle Association.
In the legislature.
Wivell was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates on March 16, 2015. He was a member of the Appropriations Committee from 2015 to 2016, afterwards serving on the Environment and Transportation Committee until 2022. Since 2023, Wivell has served on the Economic Matters Committee.
In January 2020, Wivell was named as the co-chairman of the Washington County Trump Leadership team.
In August 2020, following the resignation of state Senator Andrew A. Serafini, Wivell applied to fill the vacancy he left in the Maryland Senate. The Washington County Republican Central Committee and Governor Larry Hogan would end up nominating delegate Paul D. Corderman to fill the vacancy.
In October 2021, Wivell was one of five Maryland state legislators from Garrett, Allegany, and Washington counties who sent a pair of letters to West Virginia officials asking about annexation of Western Maryland to West Virginia. These letters caused a local uproar, with Allegany County officials calling the request a political stunt, an embarrassment and unneeded distraction. Following criticism from local officials and some constituents, Delegate Jason Buckel and State Senator George Edwards issued a letter withdrawing support for the secession proposal.
Personal life.
Wivell is married to his wife, Robin (née Lynne), who unsuccessfully ran for the Washington County Board of Commissioners in 2010 and briefly ran for the Washington County Board of Education in 2016.
Political positions.
Development initiatives.
During the 2017 legislative session, Wivell introduced a bill to provide sales tax exemptions for development at Fort Ritchie. In March 2017, he voted against legislation to dissolve the PenMar Development Corporation, a state-owned company tasked with redeveloping Fort Ritchie.
Education.
During the 2020 legislative session, Wivell introduced a bill that would require state colleges to accept 100- and 200-level course credits from community colleges. In 2021, he expressed concerns with the Blueprint for Maryland's Future's costs having voted against the bill during the 2020 legislative session and to sustain Governor Larry Hogan's veto of the education reform bill.
Gun policy.
Wivell supports the Second Amendment and opposes gun control laws, instead favoring legislation to improve mental health treatment. In 2018, following the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, he voted against bills to ban bump stocks and rapid fire trigger activators.
Marijuana.
During the 2018 legislative session, Wivell introduced legislation that would ban medical marijuana in jails. The bill died in committee, and was subsequently reintroduced in 2019 and 2020.
Policing.
During the 2017 legislative session, Wivell opposed a bill that would prohibit police from asking detainees about their immigration status, which he said would put Marylanders "at risk".
In 2019, Wivell introduced a bill that would make polygraph tests optional when hiring state correctional officers.
Social issues.
Wivell opposes state funding for abortions. During the 2017 legislative session, he introduced legislation that would place restrictions on late-term abortions, including a bill that would ban "dismemberment abortion" with exemptions for life of the mother. During the 2022 legislative session, during debate on the Abortion Care Access Act, Wivell introduced an amendment that would remove $3.5 million in state funding for clinician training, instead requiring taxpayers to check off on their taxes if they want to contribute to the funds. The amendment was rejected in a 39-87 vote. In 2023, during debate on a bill creating a statewide referendum on enshrining "Roe v. Wade" into the state constitution, he proposed amendments that would require the constitution to guarantee constitutional rights to the "preborn", and another that would limit the bill to cover only abortions instead of all reproductive health. Both amendments were rejected by the House of Delegates.
During the 2018 legislative session, Wivell supported a resolution endorsing a national convention to create a constitutional amendment on congressional term limits.
In 2021, Wivell introduced a bill that would remove party affiliation from absentee ballot envelopes. The bill passed the House of Delegates, but did not receive a vote in the Senate. It was reintroduced in 2022.
During the 2023 legislative session, Wivell was one of two state delegates to vote against the Maryland Child Victims Act, a bill that would abolish the statute of limitations on child sexual abuse cases.
Taxes.
During the 2020 legislative session, Wivell introduced a bill that would decouple the state's tax code with the federal tax code.
Transportation.
Wivell supports the widening of Interstate 81.
During the 2017 legislative session, Wivell introduced legislation to ban tree planting alongside rights of ways along agriculturally-zoned properties.
In February 2017, Wivell voted against a bill that would make it illegal to block a four-way intersection.
During the 2018 legislative session, Wivell introduced bills that would allow adults to ride scooters without helmets and to end mandatory emissions testing for low-mileage vehicles.
In 2019, Wivell introduced legislation that would require speed cameras to display your speed as a car approaches.
During the 2023 legislative session, Wivell introduced a bill that would allow municipalities to enforce laws against driving dirt bikes on public roads.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
References.
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42454206 | American politician (1883–1944)
Solomon Scott Beck (February 13, 1883 – March 13, 1944) was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland Senate from 1927 to 1933.
Early life.
Solomon Scott Beck was born on February 13, 1883, in "High Park", Kent County, Maryland, to Kate Rose (née Harris) and George Beck. His grandfather was state delegate Horatio Beck. He attended public schools in Kent County and graduated from Washington College in 1903. He graduated from the University of Maryland School of Law with a Bachelor of Laws in 1906.
Career.
In 1907, Beck opened a law office in Chestertown. His son Solomon Scott Jr. also served in his law practice. He served as president of the Chestertown Bank of Maryland. He served as president of the Kent Defense Corporation.
Beck was a Democrat. He was a delegate to the 1932 and 1936 Democratic National Conventions. In 1919, he was elected state's attorney of Kent County and served from 1920 to 1926. He served as a member of the Maryland Senate from 1927 to 1933. In September 1933, he was appointed as comptroller of the Port of Baltimore. He served in that role until 1938 when the office was abolished by the U.S. Congress.
Beck was secretary and member of the board of visitors and governors of Washington College.
Personal life.
Beck married Emma Mackey Perry, daughter of John M. Perry, of Centreville, Maryland, on December 8, 1909. They had a son and daughter, Solomon Scott Jr. and Elizabeth Mackey.
Beck had a stroke in 1937. He died from pneumonia on March 13, 1944, at Kent and Queen Anne's Hospital in Chestertown. He was buried in Old St. Paul's Cemetery in Chestertown.
Awards.
Washington College awarded Beck with an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1940.
References.
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42454206 | American politician and lawyer (1886–1955)
Edward Hamilton Burke (January 14, 1886 – July 10, 1955) was an American politician and lawyer from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Baltimore County in 1920.
Early life.
Edward Hamilton Burke was born on January 14, 1886, in Baltimore County, Maryland to Colie (née Ady) and N. Charles Burke. His father was a judge. He attended Loyola High School and graduated from Loyola College with a Bachelor of Arts in 1906. He graduated from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1908. He was admitted to the bar on August 5, 1908.
Career.
Burke had a private law practice. He was a private in the United States Marine Corps during World War I. After the war, Burke was appointed assistant United States attorney.
Burke was a Democrat. Burke served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Baltimore County in 1920. He was chairman of the standing committee on judiciary. He was a member of the standing committees on printing, education and agriculture.
In 1923, Burke joined the law firm Bowie & Clerk. The firm was renamed Bowie & Burke and later named Bowie, Burke & Leonard.
In 1933, he was chairman of the New Democratic Organization. He was a member of the commission to revise the land and inheritance laws of Maryland in 1939. He was chairman of the committee to review the judicial system of Maryland from 1952 to 1953. He was chairman of the Baltimore County Charter Board from 1954 to 1955.
Burke served as president of the Maryland State Bar Association from 1953 to 1954. He was also exalted ruler of the Order of Elks. Burke served four years as president of the Hibernian Society of Baltimore; retiring in 1940.
Personal life.
Burke married Elizabeth Carter in 1913. He lived in Reistertown, Maryland.
Burke died on July 10, 1955, at Union Memorial Hospital in Baltimore. He was buried in Cathedral Cemetery in Baltimore.
Legacy.
Burke received an honorary Doctor of Laws from Loyola College in 1947.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (1935–2023)
Norman R. Stone Jr. (September 8, 1935 – June 16, 2023) was an American politician and the longest-serving Senator in the Maryland State Senate. He held the distinction of being the only Maryland State Senator to have voted against both repealing the ban on interracial marriage, and permitting same-sex marriage. Stone served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1963 to 1967. He was first elected to the State Senate in 1966. Stone was a member of the Maryland General Assembly for more than 50 years. Stone was a graduate of the Baltimore City College High School and the University of Baltimore Law School.
Career.
Task Force, Boards and Commissions.
In June 2012, Stone was appointed by Maryland legislative leaders to a task force to study the impact of a Maryland Court of Appeals ruling regarding the liability of owners of pit bulls and landlords that rent to them.
Death.
Stone died at the Anne Arundel Medical Center in Annapolis, Maryland on June 16, 2023. He was 87.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (1959)
D. Bruce Poole (born June 17, 1959) is the former chairman of the Maryland Democratic Party. He was formerly a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing District 2B, which covers Washington County, Maryland.
Poole was first elected to office in 1986 when he defeated Republican Ronald J. Stansbury for the seat in District 3A. In 1990, he captured 95% of the vote to maintain his seat. In 1994, Poole narrowly won reelection by defeating Republican Richard D. Wiles by 66 votes. He was defeated in 1998 by Republican Christopher Shank.
Early life and education.
Poole was born and raised in Washington County. He attended North Hagerstown High School. In 1981, he received his B.A. from Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. He briefly attended the University of Melbourne before getting his J.D. from Washington and Lee in 1985.
Career.
Poole was admitted to the Maryland Bar in 1985 and served as a trial lawyer for several years. He was the secretary of the Washington County Bar Association in 1986 and served as the first president of the United Democratic Club of Washington County.
In 1981, Poole was the recipient of the Rotary International Graduate Fellowship. He was the co-author of the Best Brief in Nation, Jessup International Moot Court Competition in 1984.
Poole is a partner in the Hagerstown, Maryland personal injury, family law and business law firm The Poole Law Group.
Following the 2014 elections in Maryland where the Democrats lost the governor's mansion, Poole was elected Chair of the Maryland Democratic Party, succeeding Yvette Lewis.
On March 1, 2017, after serving two years as Chair of the Maryland Democratic Party, Poole was succeeded by former news anchor and congressional candidate Kathleen Matthews.
Voters to choose one:
Voters to choose one:
References.
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42454206 | American politician and lawyer (died 1921)
J. Royston Stifler (died February 15, 1921) was an American politician and lawyer from Maryland. He served in the Maryland Senate from 1918 to 1920.
Early life.
J. Royston Stifler was born in Harford County, Maryland, to Margaret McC. and Curtis H. Stifler. He studied at county schools and graduated from Dickinson College in 1886. He was admitted to the bar in 1888.
Career.
After getting admitted to the bar, Stifler practiced law. Stifler served as state's attorney of Harford County, from 1904 to 1916. In 1917, Stifler served as a presidential elector.
Stifler was a Democrat. Stifler served in the Maryland Senate, representing Harford County, from 1918 to 1920.
Personal life.
Stifler married Mrs. Welgetta Brownel in 1890. They had one son, F. Royston. Stifler lived in Bel Air, Maryland.
Stifler died on February 15, 1921, at the age of 59, at Mercy Hospital. He was buried at Norrisville Methodist Protestant Cemetery in Norrisville, Maryland.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician
Amy Lynnette Vilela (born 1974 or 1975) is an American politician from the state of Nevada. She worked as an accountant before becoming an advocate for single-payer healthcare, also known as Medicare for All, after her daughter was turned away from a hospital and died of a heart attack because the hospital thought she lacked health insurance.
Vilela ran for the United States House of Representatives in 2018 and 2022, and co-chaired the Nevada campaign for the Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign.
Early life, education, and career.
Vilela was born in Maryland. Her father was an ironworker and her mother was a secretary. They divorced during her childhood. Vilela became a mother when she was a teenager. She ended up homeless while raising her children, and used public assistance. She earned a bachelor's degree in business and accounting from Park University in Missouri.
She became the chief financial officer of the Tammy Lynn Center, a nonprofit organization serving people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. She then became the chief financial officer at Foresee Consulting, a construction management consulting firm.
Political career.
In 2018, Vilela ran in the Democratic Party primary election for the United States House of Representatives for Nevada congressional district, which was held by Ruben Kihuen. Vilela met Kihuen at a forum in 2017, where he declined to support Medicare for All. Kihuen dropped out of the race due to an unrelated scandal, and Steven Horsford won with 62% of the vote, while Vilela finished in third with 9%. The documentary "Knock Down the House" showcased Vilela's campaign, alongside the primary campaigns of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Paula Jean Swearengin, and Cori Bush, three other Democrats who ran for Congress in the 2018 midterm elections. It premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival and was released on Netflix on May 1, 2019.
During the 2020 United States presidential election, Vilela served as the Nevada state co-chair for the Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign. In January 2021, Vilela announced that she would run for Nevada congressional district in the 2022 elections, held by fellow Democrat Dina Titus. Vilela received 20.2% of the vote in the primary, losing to Titus, who received 79.8%.
Personal life.
Vilela married David, a United States Air Force officer, in 2009. They are raising four children.
In 2015, Vilela's 22-year-old daughter died of a heart attack. She had presented to Centennial Hills Hospital with the symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis. Sometime later, following a flight, the blood clot broke off and became a pulmonary embolism. Following her daughter's death, Vilela became an advocate for Medicare for All. She founded a Nevada chapter of Healthcare-NOW!, which lobbies for single-payer healthcare. In 2017, she filed a lawsuit against Centennial Hills Hospital.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1951)
Michael U. Gisriel (born March 15, 1951) was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates.
Background.
Gisriel served a single term in the Maryland House of Delegates before losing in his reelection bid in 1990 to Martha Klima, John Bishop and Gerry Brewster.
Education.
Gisriel graduated from Loyola Blakefield High School in Towson, Maryland, then attended the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia where he graduated with his Bachelor's degree in 1973. He continued at the University of Maryland School of Law where he received his J.D. in 1976. He was admitted to the Maryland Bar in the same year.
Career.
After college Gisriel formed a general civil practice law firm, Gisriel and Gisriel, and served as one of the partners. He later served as counsel to the Majority Leader of the Slate Senate in 1979. From 1980 until 1982 he was a special assistant to the Baltimore County Executive for state legislative affairs. Gisriel was also a member of the Governor's Housing Task Force from 1981 until 1984 and a member of the Democratic State Central Committee from 1982 until 1986. Additionally, he was a member of the Board of Advertising Club of Baltimore and the 9-4-2 Democratic Club. Gisriel received two Resolutions of Achievement from General Assembly.
Career after politics.
Gisriel served for a while as a real estate columnist for the "Baltimore Sun". From 1993-1999, Gisriel was the host of "All About Real Estate" on WCBM Radio. He continued to practice law with emphasis on government relations (legislative and regulatory), real estate, condominium zoning and real estate financing law. He continues to serve as a lobbyist in Annapolis.
In 2004, an investigation of Gisriel began when, according to the "Baltimore Sun", "…Gisriel was mistakenly sent a settlement check intended for his former clients. Gisriel argued that his behavior was unintentional, while the court said his action was dishonest." Gisriel failed to investigate the origins of the check and in 2009 was disbarred as a result of the incident after a ruling from the Maryland Court of Appeals.
Voters to choose three:
Voters to choose three:
References.
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] |
42454206 | The President of the Maryland Senate is elected by a majority of the State Senators. The incumbent is Bill Ferguson who has held the role since January 8, 2020.
The Maryland Constitution of 1864 created the new position of Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, elected by the voters of the state. That officer served as president of the Senate and would assume the office of governor if the incumbent should die, resign, be removed, or be disqualified. Christopher Christian Cox was the first and only lieutenant governor to preside over the Senate in that capacity; the position was abolished in the state's 1867 Constitution, which remains in effect as amended. When the lieutenant governorship was re-established by a constitutional amendment in 1970, it did not include the Senate presidency. | 4,557,889 | [
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] |
42454206 | American politician and activist (born 1952)
Dana Beyer (born February 9, 1952) is an American transgender rights advocate and the executive director of Gender Rights Maryland, a civil rights and advocacy organization serving Maryland's transgender community. She is a transgender woman.
Biography.
Beyer was born on February 9, 1952, in New York, New York. Beyer graduated from Cornell University in 1974 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and from University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1978 as a Doctor of Medicine. In 2008, Beyer completed Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government program for Senior Executives in State and Local Government as a David Bohnett Foundation LGBTQ Victory Institute Leadership Fellow.
She is executive director of Gender Rights Maryland. She used to be on the board of directors of Equality Maryland. In 2014, she sat on the board of directors for LGBT employment equality advocacy group Freedom to Work. She is on the board of the national Jewish LGBTQ organization Keshet.
She blogs about transgender topics at "HuffPost".
She is a politician from Maryland who ran in the Democratic primary for state Senate District 18. She received 41.8% of the vote (4,890 votes) and lost the 2014 primary election to Senator Richard Madaleno, who was the incumbent.
She is Jewish, has two sons and lives in Chevy Chase, Maryland.
Personal life.
During her adolescence, she became an accidental participant in the LGBTQ civil rights movement known as Stonewall. That was an awakening event for her, and became the beginning of her "coming-out" process.
References.
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42454206 | American politician and judge (died 1979)
J. Albert Roney Jr. (died May 12, 1979) was an American politician and judge from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland Senate, representing Cecil County from 1963 to 1967.
Early life.
J. Albert Roney Jr. graduated from the University of Maryland School of Law. He was admitted to the bar in 1936.
Career.
Roney worked with Henry A. Warburton in Elkton, Maryland. In 1938, he took over the law practice of Harold E. Cobourn. In 1938, Roney ran for the Democratic nomination for the Maryland House of Delegates, but lost.
J. Albert Roney Jr. served as state's attorney for Cecil County from 1951 to 1962. He served as a Democratic member of the Maryland Senate, representing Cecil County, from 1963 to 1967. He was defeated in the 1966 election.
Roney was appointed as assistant judge of the circuit court on December 18, 1969. He was elected as judge of the circuit court from the second judicial circuit in 1972. He served in that role until his death.
He was a director of Union Hospital.
Personal life.
Roney married Nancy Davis Smith. They had a son and daughter, James A. III and Sayre.
Roney died on May 12, 1979, at the age of 65, in Union Hospital in Elkton. He was buried at North East Methodist Cemetery in North East, Maryland.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (1916–1999)
Idamae Garrott (December 24, 1916 – June 13, 1999) was an American politician from Silver Spring, Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party. She was a member of the Maryland Senate (1987–1994); the Maryland House of Delegates (1979–1987); and the Montgomery County Council (1966–1974; president, 1971).
Garrott lost the 1974 election for Montgomery County Executive to Republican James P. Gleason and the 1976 Democratic primary race for the House of Representatives to Lanny Davis. She got started in politics in 1952 when she helped found the Montgomery County League of Women Voters, of which she was president from 1962 to 1966.
Garrott was noted for advocating slow growth in development. She was described in the "Montgomery Journal" as "passionately opposed" to the Inter-County Connector (ICC) and "the godmother of the anti-ICC movement". The executive director of the Humane Society of Baltimore County described her posthumously as "the most prominent advocate of animal protection legislation in Maryland's General Assembly", and as a leader in the effort to make dog fighting illegal in Maryland (the last of the 50 states to ban dog fighting), introducing legislation every year for 10 years. Garrott was also credited with saving the historic Linden Oak in the 1970s by getting the Washington Metro's Red Line rerouted around it.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (born 1963)
Bryan Warner Simonaire (born September 6, 1963) is an American politician who serves as a Maryland state senator representing District 31, which encompasses much of northern Anne Arundel County's Baltimore suburbs. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the minority leader of the Maryland Senate from 2020 to 2023.
Background.
Simonaire was born in Baltimore. He graduated from Bob Jones University in 1985, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science, and from Loyola College, where he earned a Master of Science degree in engineering in 2005. He is a member of Upsilon Pi Epsilon.
After graduating from Bob Jones, Simonaire has worked as a computer systems engineer for Westinghouse Electronic Systems (now Northrop Grumman since its acquisition in 1995). In 2002, he founded Heroes-at-Home, a web-based program that helps the needy.
Simonaire became involved in politics in 2005, when he joined the North Count Republican Club's board of directors. He entered the race for state Senate in District 31 later that year, seeking to succeed retiring Democratic state senator Philip C. Jimeno and running on a "common sense, conservative" platform that included opposition to same-sex marriage. The district was targeted by the Maryland Republican Party, which saw the election as an opportunity to make legislative gains. Simonaire won the Republican primary in September 2006, and later won the general election on November 7, 2006, defeating Democratic state delegate Walter J. Shandrowsky by 659 votes, or a margin of 1.72 percent. It was the closest election in the 2006 Maryland Senate elections.
In the legislature.
Simonaire was sworn into the Maryland Senate on January 10, 2007. He was initially a member of the Judicial Proceedings Committee from 2007 to 2010, afterwards serving on the Health and Environmental Affairs Committee until 2022. Since 2023, he has served on the Education, Energy, and the Environment Committee.
Simonaire endorsed Mitt Romney in the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries and later served a Romney delegate to the 2012 Republican National Convention.
In 2014, Simonaire proposed a constitutional amendment to remove legislative leaders' ability to remove voting powers from any member of the Maryland General Assembly. The amendment was introduced after state Delegate Don H. Dwyer Jr. was stripped of his voting powers and committee assignments after being sentenced to 30 weekends in jail for driving under the influence. In 2016, Simonaire introduced the "Dwyer amendment", which would have prevented Senate president Thomas V. Miller Jr. from removing a member's voting powers. The proposed rule change was rejected in a 11-31 vote.
In October 2020, Simonaire was elected as the minority leader of the Maryland Senate, which was seen by the media as the Senate Republican caucus becoming more conservative as to push back on the perceived leftward shift of the Maryland Democratic Party following the election of Bill Ferguson as Senate president. In this capacity, Simonaire sought to allow his party to make their own committee assignments and oversaw the party's state Senate campaign in 2022, in which the party lost two seats in the Maryland Senate. Following the 2022 elections, Senate Republicans opted to elect Stephen S. Hershey Jr. as minority leader.
Simonaire endorsed Maryland Secretary of Commerce Kelly M. Schulz in the 2022 Maryland gubernatorial election. After she was defeated by far-right state delegate Dan Cox in the Republican primary, he declined to endorse or campaign with Cox, instead focusing on competitive Senate elections.
Political positions.
Crime and justice.
In 2009, Simonaire said he would vote to repeal the death penalty if legislators passed a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage in Maryland. He later voted for an amendment to the death penalty repeal bill to limit the death penalty's use rather than fully repeal it, which passed 25-21. During the 2013 legislative session, Simonaire voted against repealing the death penalty.
During the 2022 legislative session, Simonaire implored legislators to pass a tough-on-crime bill introduced by Governor Larry Hogan. He also expressed willingness to work with Democrats to pass a bipartisan judicial transparency bill.
Education.
Simonaire opposes the Blueprint for Maryland's Future, calling for its repeal during the 2021 legislative session and comparing them to the Bridge of Excellence education reforms in 2002. He supports legislation requiring the Maryland State Board of Education to prepare a problem gambling curriculum in schools.
During the 2011 legislative session, Simonaire said he opposed Maryland's Dream Act, a bill that extended in-state tuition for undocumented immigrants.
During the 2022 legislative session, Simonaire introduced a bill that would force the county Board of Education to vote on certain curriculum items if a petition got the signatures of at least three percent of parents.
Electoral reform.
During the 2015 legislative session, Simonaire testified against a bill to restore voting rights for ex-felons.
In May 2020, Simonaire asked Governor Larry Hogan to call a special session to pass election integrity bills, expressing concern that the use of mail-in ballots in the 2020 elections would lead to voter fraud.
During the 2021 legislative session, Simonaire introduced a package of election reform bills, including voter ID laws and signature verification on mail-in ballots, citing what he called "major deficiencies" in the 2020 United States presidential election. The package failed to move out of committee, and many bills from the package were reintroduced in 2022. He also supported a bill to shift control of local election boards to whichever party had a majority of registered voters in each jurisdiction, and sought to amend a bill to expand early voting centers to require local boards of elections to consider "geographical distance" in deciding where to locate early voting centers.
Simonaire opposed the congressional maps drawn by the Legislative Redistricting Advisory Committee (LRAC), of which he was a member, instead supporting maps drawn by Governor Larry Hogan's Maryland Citizens Redistricting Commission. During the LRAC's map drawing process, he pressed for a bipartisan map drawing process and hoped legislators would produce a single map, but predicted that Democrats on the commission would pass their own map. He criticized the commission's final congressional and legislative maps as "seriously gerrymandered". After Judge Lynne A. Battaglia struck down the state's congressional maps in March 2022, Simonaire criticized Democrats for not including Republicans in the process of drafting a new map.
Environment.
Simonaire is an environmentalist and has expressed willingness to work with legislators to pass a bipartisan climate bill. He voted in favor of bills to ban fracking and foam containers in Maryland.
Simonaire was critical of Maryland's "Rain Tax" and introduced legislation in 2013 to offset the fee in Anne Arundel County. In 2015, he voted in favor of a bill to make the rain tax optional for Maryland's largest jurisdictions.
During the 2021 legislative session, Simonaire expressed concern with the Climate Solutions Now Act, which he said would force jurisdictions to choose between planting more trees and protecting local sewage projects. After it was reintroduced in 2022, he objected to provisions that would require large buildings to become carbon neutral by 2040 and expressed that legislators should instead focus on climate solutions "starting at the regional level".
Gun policy.
During the 2013 legislative session, Simonaire voted against the Firearms Safety Act, a bill that placed restrictions on firearm purchases and magazine capacity in semi-automatic rifles.
Social issues.
Simonaire is a social conservative, opposing abortion rights and same-sex marriage, citing religious beliefs.
Simonaire opposed the Civil Marriage Protection Act, reading "King & King" on the Senate floor to protest the bill and warning that "young, impressionable students" would be taught the "homosexual worldview" if the bill passed. He also unsuccessfully sought to amend the bill to allow religious adoption agencies to refuse services to same-sex couples. In 2015, he voted against a bill that would allow same-sex couples to use donor sperm for in vitro fertilization.
In 2014, Simonaire said he opposed a bill to prohibit discrimination against transgender people. In 2021, he was the lone vote against a bill to allow transgender people to change their names without advertising it in newspapers.
In 2015, Simonaire introduced a "right to try" bill that would allow terminally ill patients to try experimental drugs not approved by the Food and Drug Administration. In 2019, he spoke against the End-of-Life Option Act, which would have provided palliative care to terminally ill adults.
During the 2016 legislative session, Simonaire introduced legislation to revise a translation of the state's motto to "Strong deeds, gentle words", saying that he believed that the current meaning of the motto ("Manly deeds, womanly words") was sexist.
In 2022, Simonaire downplayed the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", which overturned "Roe v. Wade", calling it a "Democratic ploy" to energize voters. In 2023, during debate on a bill creating a ballot referendum to codify abortion access rights into the Constitution of Maryland, Simonaire compared abortion to the death penalty and sought to amend the bill to prohibit abortions after fetal viability, which failed by a vote of 13-33.
Taxes.
In 2013, Simonaire said he opposed a bill to provide $450,000 in tax breaks to Lockheed Martin.
In 2021, Simonaire spoke against legislation to extend the state's earned income tax credit to undocumented immigrants. He also opposed legislation to allow counties to implement progressive income taxes and to impose a tax on digital advertising, and unsuccessfully attempted to amend the tax bill to prevent large companies from increasing prices for consumers or small businesses to pay for the tax.
During the 2022 legislative session, Simonaire supported a bill to cut taxes on centenarians and implored legislators to pass additional tax cuts.
Transportation.
In March 2024, following the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse, Simonaire and state senator Johnny Ray Salling introduced a bill that would allow the governor to declare a year-long state of emergency after damage to critical infrastructure, though it would eliminate the authority to seize private property for government use, as now allowed under a state of emergency. The bill was withdrawn following discussions with the Moore administration.
Personal life.
Simonaire is married and has seven children. He lives in Pasadena, Maryland, and attends nondenominational Christian churches.
During the 2018 legislative session, Simonaire spoke against a bill to ban conversion therapy on minors, arguing that it would dissuade teens from seeking counseling. His daughter, Meagan, a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, spoke in support of the bill and accused her father of seeking conversion therapy for her after she came out as bisexual in 2015. Simonaire disputed his daughter's story in interviews with the media, saying that he had recommended her Christian counseling after she approached him for advice with her depression and anxiety, but added that he disagreed with her "lifestyle". | 4,557,893 | [
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42454206 | American politician and lawyer (1871–1925)
William Duncan (February 8, 1871 – February 17, 1925) was an American politician and lawyer from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Baltimore's 2nd District, from 1900 to 1902.
Early life.
William Duncan was born on February 8, 1871, in Baltimore, Maryland, to Louisa J. (née Linzey) and James Smith Duncan. He was educated at public schools in Baltimore. He also attended F. Knapp Institute and Loyola College (later Loyola University Maryland). He was admitted to the bar in 1894.
Career.
Duncan started to practice law in 1894. His offices were at 713-14 Fidelity Building in Baltimore.
Duncan was a candidate for the clerk of Baltimore City Court on the Citizens' ticket. Duncan was a Democrat. Duncan served as a member of Maryland House of Delegates, representing Baltimore's 2nd District, from 1900 to 1902.
Personal life.
Duncan married Blanche N. They lived at 2629 North Calvert Street in Baltimore.
Duncan died from heart disease on February 17, 1925, at Hotel Dolphin in Miami, Florida. He was buried at Prospect Hill Cemetery in Towson, Maryland.
References.
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42454206 | Former member of the Maryland House of Delegates
Saqib Ali (Hindi: साकिब अली, Urdu: ثاقب علی; born January 21, 1975) is a former State Delegate in the Maryland House of Delegates, having been elected in 2006 to represent the 39th District. Ali is an American of Indian and Pakistani descent.
Background.
Saqib Ali was born on 21 January 1975 in Chicago, Illinois. He is Muslim and credits his parents, who are of Indian and Pakistani descent, as the reason he became involved in politics. "[I am] from a family where they were always having political debates around the house, but then I found out that among all these family members who had all these grand ideas, none of them ever voted. There was a sense that, 'I don't like the way things are, but there's nothing I can do about it.' I thought: I'm going to show these people."
Ali moved to Montgomery County, Maryland in 1991 to attend the University of Maryland, College Park. He went on to receive Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Computer Science.
Democratic volunteer and community activist.
Ali was not originally a member of the Democratic party but changed parties after listening to Representative Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.). Ali was "so enamored of Van Hollen's foreign policy positions that he changed his party affiliation from Green to Democratic." Ali soon became "the first elected President of the District 39 Democratic Club". Ali's political activity first gained media attention when he "was the Legislative District 39 Coordinator for the Howard Dean presidential campaign in 2003 and early 2004." After Dean failed to win the primary, Ali supported the John Kerry and John Edwards presidential ticket. During that election season, Ali became a full-time campaign volunteer for Rep. Chris Van Hollen, because of Van Hollen's foreign policy positions and his stance on the Iraq War. During Van Hollen's 2004 reelection campaign, Ali said "I'm really motivated against this war and have never felt so animated before. I thought, 'What is the most head-turning thing I could possibly do?'" and he "bought 500 bumper stickers at a buck apiece and applied more than 400 to the car". It was noted that the family's other car was kept "very pristine" as "That's the one his wife drives." Later that year he was co-chair of the Montgomery County Democratic Spring Ball. Also in 2004, Ali, a member of the Montgomery County Muslim Council, helped plan "the first Muslim-Jewish Day of Friendship" with "congregations Temple Shalom in Chevy Chase, Adat Shalom in Bethesda, Bethesda Jewish Congregation and Fabrangen Cheder" to "clean up a historic Underground Railroad stop in Germantown". Ali hoped the event would "allow people to start lasting friendships and show the ability of these groups to come together for a common good." In 2005, Ali's political activities expanded when he helped form the "Longdraft Road Coalition", an organization opposing the expansion of this "quiet, residential two-lane road to a bustling four-lane byway." Ali became "co-chairman of the 180-person plus group" whose efforts were largely viewed as successful. In September 2005, Ali also co-organized "The 2nd annual Montgomery County Muslim-Jewish Day of Friendship". In 2005, Ali was a campaign supporter of Jun Choi, the Democratic candidate for Mayor of Edison, New Jersey, which Choi won.
2006 election campaign.
On October 1, 2005, Ali announced his candidacy for inclusion on the three-person Democratic slate for "Legislative District 39 which includes Montgomery Village, Washington Grove and parts of Gaithersburg, Derwood, Germantown and North Potomac." Members of the Maryland General Assembly have four-year terms.
MCEA endorsement.
On January 30, 2006, candidate Ali "accompanied a Montgomery County Education Association (MCEA) contingent to Annapolis to lobby legislators to improve the state's... teacher pension system." By June 2006, MCEA had given Ali its "much sought-after endorsement" which "has always carried considerable weight in the minds of county voters. The Apple Ballot lists the recommended candidates that support public education and 11,000 educators. This ballot is an indication of politicians that support public schools and their employees."
Anti-Muslim protester.
On August 12, 2006, Timothy James Truett of Montgomery Village allegedly made a "call to Ali's office in which he asked if Ali was a Muslim and made derogatory remarks about Islam to Ali's campaign manager." Afterward, Truett drove to "the cul-de-sac outside Ali's Gaithersburg home, which doubles as his campaign office." There, he sat down in a lawn chair near the home "with a hand-lettered sign bearing a crude denunciation of Islam" [that said 'Islam Sucks']. Truett "wore a T-shirt reading 'This mind is an Allah-free zone'." Ali went out to look at the man and take pictures but did not speak to him, explaining "I knew he was there to bait me." Ali later recalled "I felt like he was intimidating and trying to menace me and my family, similar to when people burned crosses in someone's front yard. I think it was the exact same message." Ali's wife stepped outside and took pictures of Truett. An older man approached Truett and offered him some water. Ali then spoke to the older man and the older man went back inside. Ali placed one of his campaign yard signs next to Truett and took a picture. Truett then got up and left. Ali followed him and got pictures of his license plate. Truett then phoned Ali's office again but was hung up on. Ali later posted pictures of Truett, Truett's birth date and address on his campaign web site.
Both Ali and the police agreed that nothing illegal had happened, as he "was in a common area and not on Ali's property. Police apparently notified Truett later that he could be arrested if he did go onto the candidate's property in the next year." Ali told reporters that he is "100 percent Muslim and 100 percent American... My faith is my faith... but that's incidental." He said "his candidacy is about such matters as 'roads, the schools' and not his religion." Quoting directly, "the demonstration 'reminds me of the need to build bridges amongst people and among communities.'"
Primary.
On September 10, 2006, Ali was endorsed by "The Washington Post" which one county political veteran ranked as only behind that of the Democratic Party for its influence on local voters. The Post said "Political newcomer Saqib Ali has shown good command of issues and would bring new vigor to this district's delegation." On September Sept. 20, 2006, it was announced Ali had won the Democratic primary in Maryland's 39th Legislative District, defeating incumbent Delegate Joan F. Stern for a position on the slate with Del's Nancy J. King and Charles E. Barkley for the November general election. Stern had lost the outright endorsement of King and Barkley as she was not seen as a team-player. King noted that "Ali was a 'breath of fresh air' to voters", while political veteran Gene Counihan said "As far as I could see, he followed the book on how to win an election. I saw him on the campaign trail more than anybody. He was out door-to-door; he had impressive literature. He wanted it." Ali ascribed his electoral victory to connecting with voters. "Our campaign had a lot of energy. It had that underdog feel that struck a chord with people and resonated. When you talk to real voters, not the insiders, they care if you pay attention to them. They remember that you listened to them. People appreciate new blood."
King won 28 percent of the vote, Barkley fetched 27 percent, Ali came in with 25 percent and Stern took 18 percent, according to unofficial results. About 16,600 District 39 voters went to the polls.
On November 2, 2006, "The Washington Post" endorsed the Democratic slate calling Ali "a bright newcomer".
General Election.
Ali, King, and Barkley faced Republican challengers David Nichols, Gary Scott, and Bill Witham in the November 2006 election. The Democratic slate won,
averaging 22.4% over their challengers, who averaged 10.9% of ballets cast.
After his election, Ali told reporters that his "district is about 40 percent minority... and part of his campaign involved introducing those new immigrants to the political process, registering new voters and showing them how to cast a ballot. 'Bringing new Americans into the process is good for everybody. It's empowering.'" Ali raised nearly $120,000 for his campaign, mostly from family and his personal funds.
In its electing both Ali and Kumar P. Barve (from the 17th District), "Maryland became the first state to send two South Asians to the state legislature". This occurrence was seen as an indication that Asian Americans have "political clout beyond traditional strongholds in California and Hawaii." Ali's election is also seen as evidence of another American minority moving towards civic empowerment by participating in the political process, as "[h]e is the first Muslim in the Maryland State legislature." His election and that of Keith Ellison (D-MN) to the United States Congress are viewed by Michelle Boorstein of the Washington Post as "part of a concerted march of Muslims into civic and political life" in reaction to "worries about civil liberties and immigration policy" that began after Sept. 11, 2001.
Muslim political participation.
In CNN's "Election Night 2006" coverage on November 7, 2006, Candy Crowley mentioned Ali in a discussion about Keith Ellison (D-MN) and the growth of Muslim political participation in the United States.
Mohammed Babah, president of the Muslim Community Center of Maryland saw Ali's election as important for his community "This is huge. I believe we have a voice now, a voice that is not of suspicion, a voice that will show the Muslim view. After 9/11, Muslims were under the microscope. To elect this man shows the confidence that the country has in the majority of good Muslim people. This is reassuring."
"The Washington Post" reported that since "Saqib Ali was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates this month, he has been flooded with calls and e-mails from across the country asking: How'd you do it? The calls come from American Muslims like Ali, who, longtime political watchers and Muslim activists in the area say, is the first Muslim elected to a statewide – or district-wide – office in Maryland, Virginia or the District... [E]ight Muslims ran for office in Maryland this year, significantly more than in previous years, although only Ali won. And initial polling data and anecdotal evidence suggest that significantly more Muslims in Virginia registered and voted this month than in previous elections." Ever since his election Ali "has been busy answering those requests for advice [from other Muslims wanting to get civically involved]. 'What I tell them is, know your community well, work hard and don't be a one-issue candidate. And don't let anyone paint you as "the Muslim candidate."
Delegate Ali joined U.S. Representative Keith Ellison (D-MN), U.S. Rep. André Carson (D-IN), State Rep. Ako Abdul-Samad (D-IA), State Senator Larry Shaw (D-NC), and State Rep. Saghir "Saggy" Tahir (R-NH) as the only elected Muslim officeholders in the United States as of 2006.
Maryland's 423rd legislative session.
Ali officially took office on January 10, 2006, among 33 other first-time delegates (and 11 freshmen state senators). Ali's Democratic Party held 104 of 141 delegate seats and 33 of 47 senate seats, giving it veto-proof margins in the State Legislature. Ali was assigned to the House Environmental Matters Committee.
After taking office, Ali was interviewed by the Associated Press while "holding his snoozing 8-month-old daughter outside the House chamber". When asked about the anti-Muslim protester during the campaign, Ali said the protester "was an exception to his experience on the campaign. 'It was disappointing that that kind of bigotry would still rear its head, but I understand it was an isolated incident. Occasionally people would ask if I was Muslim, but most of the time it was a curiosity, not an obstacle.'" Ali did not want to be seen as just a novelty because of his religion, he said he'd "like to work on transportation matters and to pass a bill making it tougher for companies to track information and buying habits of private citizens." He wanted his constituents to know he's one of them and said, "I will represent the Muslims, but more importantly, I will represent all the people. I'm a Muslim, but I'm also a resident." In other interviews that asked the same question, Ali replied "I'm Muslim, and that'll always be the case, but I'm here to push good issues and | 4,557,895 | [
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42454206 | D'Andrea Walker is an American public administrator and government official who served as acting Baltimore County Executive from January 3, 2025, to January 7, 2025, and as the county administrative officer since 2024. She was director of the Baltimore County Department of Public Works and Transportation from 2020 to 2024. Walker previously worked in the Maryland Department of Transportation, Maryland Department of General Services, and Prince George's County government.
Early life and education.
D'Andrea Walker was raised in public housing in Houston, Texas. She graduated from Morgan State University.
Career.
Walker held leadership roles with the Maryland Transit Administration, the Maryland Department of General Services, the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration, and Prince George's County government.
In October 2020, Walker was appointed by county executive Johnny Olszewski as the acting director of the Baltimore County Department of Public Works and Transportation (DPWT). At that time, county regulations required the director to be a licensed professional engineer, which Walker was not. In November 2022, Baltimore County voters approved a charter amendment allowing individuals with at least ten years of supervisory experience in infrastructure planning and construction, or transportation engineering and management, to qualify for the position. Following this change, Walker was appointed as the permanent director of DPWT in February 2023. She was the first black woman to hold the role.
As director of DPWT, Walker oversaw a department with approximately 1,000 employees and managed a budget of $769 million. The department’s responsibilities included trash collection, water and sewer services, road maintenance, and ensuring equitable access to transportation infrastructure.
In April 2024, the Baltimore County Council approved Walker’s appointment as the county’s administrative officer, replacing Stacy Rodgers. This position placed her in charge of the day-to-day operations of county government. During the appointment process, she acknowledged the challenges posed by the county's fiscal situation, including warnings from county executive Olszewski that future budgets might require tax increases or significant spending cuts to address inflation and decades of underfunding.
On January 3, 2025, Walker became acting Baltimore County Executive following the resignation of Olszewski, who left the role to join the U.S. House of Representatives. She held the position temporarily until the Baltimore County Council selects an interim county executive, which it did on January 7, 2025.
Personal life.
Walker lives in Baltimore County, Maryland, where she raised her son.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (1936 - 1997)
William H. Amoss (December 2, 1936 – October 8, 1997) was an American politician. He was a member of the Maryland Senate from 1983 until his death 14 years later.
Background.
Born and raised on his family's farm, Model Farm, in Fallston, William remained an active farmer in Harford County for all of his life.
Amoss was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1975 until 1983. He was then elected to the Maryland Senate from 1983 until his death in 1997, representing District 35, which covers Harford and Cecil Counties. Upon his death, Democratic Governor Parris Glendening appointed former State Delegate, Donald Fry, to be Senator Amoss' successor. Fry was defeated by Republican challenger J. Robert Hooper in the 1998 general election by 10 percentage points.
Education.
Senator Amoss attended both private and public schools in Harford County. He also attended Harford Community College and the University of Maryland, Overseas program.
Career.
After high school, Amoss served in the United States Army from 1955 until 1958. He worked as an auctioneer for much of his career.
In addition to his public office, he was also a member of several organizations, including the Maryland Farm Bureau and the Maryland and National Auctioneers Associations, and he was a past director of the Bel Air Jaycees.
During his political career, he received the Legislator Recognition Award from the Maryland Association of Counties, in 1995. He was the chair of the Harford County Delegation from 1991 until his death in 1997.
After his death, Amoss had several initiatives named in his honor. Maryland passed the William H. Amoss Organ and Tissue Donation Act of 1998 in his honor. Additionally, there is an award named in his honor - the Senator William H. Amoss Legislator of the Year Award, which is awarded annually and also the State Fire, Rescue, and Ambulance Fund was renamed the Senator William H. Amoss Fire, Rescue, and Ambulance Fund in recognition of his efforts to provide fire, rescue, and ambulatory assistance to local departments. There is the William H. Amoss Hearing Room in the Miller Senate Building in Annapolis. Furthermore, Cecil County annually awards the Senator William H. Amoss Memorial Endowed Scholarship to residents of Cecil County that show a financial need. Finally, Harford Community College opened the William H. Amoss Performing Arts Center in May 2000, which adjoins the Harford Technical High School across the street from the college campus.
Voters to choose one:
Voters to choose one:
Voters to choose one:
References.
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42454206 | James L. Wilmeth (1870–1959) was an official in the United States Department of the Treasury who was Director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing from 1917 to 1922.
Biography.
Wilmeth was born in Chewallah, Tennessee in 1870 and raised in Tennessee and Arkansas. He attended college in Arkansas and then spent several years working as a teacher.
In 1895, Wilmeth joined the United States Department of the Treasury in Washington, D.C. While working at the Treasury, he earned an LL.B. from the National University School of Law. After earning this degree, he worked as a law clerk in the Office of the Comptroller of the Treasury. He became Chief Clerk of the Treasury in 1910. He later worked for the Treasury in Europe as Custodian of Gold.
In 1917, Wilmeth became Director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. He was also mayor of Takoma Park, Maryland from 1920 to 1923. In 1922, in a surprise move, President of the United States Warren G. Harding issued an executive order dismissing Wilmeth and 28 other top officials in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. They were suspected of improper duplication of bonds. Wilmeth was later completely exonerated of all charges, and in 1924, he was offered the opportunity to return to the post of Director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing but Wilmeth refused.
After leaving government service, Wilmeth worked in an insurance firm.
Wilmeth retired to Philadelphia, where he died in 1959. | 4,557,898 | [
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42454206 | American businessman and politician
John F. McNulty (1891 or 1896–1984) was a Baltimore businessman, who served as a Democratic member of the Maryland House of Delegates from Anne Arundel County, Maryland for 17 years. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1946 to 1954 and again from 1959 to 1966. A World War I veteran and 1916 graduate of the University of Maryland, McNulty served in the United States Navy from 1916 to 1919 to the rank of Lt (j.g.). Throughout his legislative career, McNulty took a keen interest in veteran's affairs and welfare. American Legion Post 298 in Charlotte Hall, Maryland is named "John F. McNulty Memorial Post 298" in his honor.
McNulty was a member of the Democratic Party. | 4,557,899 | [
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] |
42454206 | American politician (died 2001)
William C. Greer (died August 6, 2001) was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1967 to 1974.
Early life.
William C. Greer was born in Churchville, Maryland, to Annie Ethel (née Osborne) and Grover Cleveland Greer. He graduated from Bel Air High School, Mercersburg Academy and the University of Maryland. He played football with the Maryland Terrapins under Bear Bryant. He won the MacDonald Trophy. He was also part of the boxing and track teams.
Career.
Greer served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1967 to 1974.
Greer owned Greer Transportation Company in Bel Air, Maryland. He also worked for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.
Personal life.
Greer married Mary Patricia Short. They had four sons and four daughters, William C. Jr., Michael, Timothy, John, Betsy, Patty, Marianne, Peggy. In retirement, Greer moved to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Greer founded a semi-pro football team and a Little League Team. He helped develop the Fair Hill Equestrian Center.
Greer died on August 6, 2001, at the age of 77, at St. Joseph's Hospital in Towson, Maryland. He was buried at Bel Air Memorial Gardens.
References.
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] |
42454206 | Upper house of the state legislature
The Maryland Senate, sometimes referred to as the Maryland State Senate, is the upper house of the General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland. Composed of 47 senators elected from an equal number of constituent single-member districts, the Senate is responsible, along with the Maryland House of Delegates, for passage of laws in Maryland, and for confirming executive appointments made by the Governor of Maryland.
It evolved from the upper house of the colonial assembly created in 1650 when Maryland was a proprietary colony controlled by Cecilius Calvert. It consisted of the Governor and members of the Governor's appointed council. With slight variation, the body to meet in that form until 1776, when Maryland, now a state independent of British rule, passed a new constitution that created an electoral college to appoint members of the Senate. This electoral college was abolished in 1838 and members began to be directly elected from each county and Baltimore City. In 1972, because of a Supreme Court decision, the number of districts was increased to 47, and the districts were balanced by population rather than being geographically determined.
To serve in the Maryland Senate, a person must be a citizen of Maryland 25 years of age or older. Elections for the 47 Senate seats are held every four years coincident with the federal election in which the President of the United States is not elected. Vacancies are filled through appointment by the Governor. The Senate meets for three months every year; the rest of the year the work of the Senate is light and most members hold another job during this time. It has been controlled by Democrats since 1900. In the 2018 election, more than two-thirds of the Senate seats were won by Democrats.
Senators elect a President to serve as presiding officer of the legislative body, as well as a President Pro Tempore. The President appoints chairs and membership of six standing committees, four legislative committees as well as the Executive Nominations and Rules Committees. Senators are also organized into caucuses, including party- and demographically-based caucuses. They are assisted in their work by paid staff of the non-partisan Department of Legislative Services and by partisan office staff.
History.
The origins of the Maryland Senate lie in the creation of an assembly during the early days of the Maryland colony. This assembly first met in 1637, making it the longest continuously operating legislative body in the United States. Originally, the assembly was unicameral, but in 1650, the Governor and his appointed council began serving as the upper house of a now bicameral legislature. These appointees had close political and economic ties to the proprietors of the Maryland colony, Cecilius Calvert and his descendants. Thus, the upper house in colonial times often disagreed with the lower house, which was elected, tended to be more populist, and pushed for greater legislative power in the colony.
The upper house was briefly abolished during the English Civil War, as Puritan governors attempted to consolidate control and prevent the return of any proprietary influence. It was again abolished by Governor Josias Fendall in 1660, who sought to create a colonial government based on an elected unicameral legislature like that of the Virginia colony. The position of Governor was removed from the legislature in 1675, but for the following century, its function and powers largely remained the same.
In 1776, following the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, Maryland threw off proprietary control and established a new constitution. Under this new constitution, the upper house of the General Assembly first became known as the Maryland Senate. The new body consisted of fifteen senators appointed to five-year terms by an electoral college. The college, made up of two electors from each county and one each from the cities of Baltimore and Annapolis, was required to select nine senators from the western shore and six from the eastern shore.
The first election under the 1776 constitution took place in 1781, and the system would not change again until 1838. In the interim, a number of problems had cropped up in the appointment process. Under the 1776 constitution, the electoral college selected all of the State Senators, and faced no restrictions, other than the geographic requirement, in how they were selected. As a result, it was commonplace for the electoral college to select a State Senate entirely composed of one political party. Only in 1826, when National Republicans won a majority on the electoral college with a pledge to elect a balanced Senate, was more than one party represented. That year, the electoral college selected 11 National Republicans and four Federalists. Additionally, all vacancies in the State Senate were filled by the Senate itself, which frequently resulted in a disproportionately high share of the Senate having been appointed to fill vacancies. During one session, fourteen out of fifteen senators had been selected to fill vacancies.
In 1836, tensions rose over the State Senate's composition. That year, the Democratic Party won 53% of the statewide vote for the electoral college, but ended up with only nineteen of forty electors. When the Whig electors planned to elect an all-Whig State Senate, the Democratic electors absconded, denying the electoral college a quorum. The refusal to elect a State Senate also prevented the election of a Governor, as Maryland's governors were elected by the legislature. Ultimately, however, the Democrats' position weakened following the State House elections the following month, when the Whigs won an overwhelming majority. The electors returned, providing a quorum, and an all-Whig Senate was elected.
The controversy ultimately resulted in long-term changes to the body in 1838. The electoral college was abolished, terms were lengthened to six years with rotating elections such that a third of the senate would be elected every two years, a single Senator was chosen by direct election from each county and the City of Baltimore, and vacancies were filled by special elections. The Senate no longer acted as the Governor's Council, although they would continue to confirm the Governor's appointments. Constitutional changes altered this new system slightly in 1851, when terms were shortened to four years, and 1864, when Baltimore City was given three Senate districts rather than one, but substantial change to the structure of the Senate did not come again until 1964.
In 1964, the Supreme Court ruled in "Reynolds v. Sims" that state legislative seats must be apportioned on the principle of one man, one vote. A number of state legislatures, including Maryland, had systems based on geography rather than population, and the court rules that this violated the 14th Amendment. Disproportionate population growth across Maryland since 1838 meant that the principle of one seat per county gave the voters of some counties, such as those on the eastern shore, disproportionate representation. Other counties, especially those in suburban areas, were underrepresented.
A special session of the legislature in 1965 changed the Senate to represent 16 districts and reapportioned the seats, again by county, but did so in such a way as to make the representation more proportional to population than it had been. Thus, the eastern shore, which had previously elected nine senators, elected only four after 1965. This was done to preserve the ideal of having whole counties represented by a single Senator, rather than breaking counties up into multiple districts. A constitutional amendment in 1972 expanded the Senate to 47 members, elected from districts proportional to the population. These districts are reapportioned every ten years based on the United States Census to ensure they remain proportional.
Powers and legislative process.
The Maryland Senate, as the upper house of the bicameral Maryland General Assembly, shares with the Maryland House of Delegates the responsibility for making laws in the state of Maryland. Bills are often developed in the period between sessions of the General Assembly by the Senate's standing committees or by individual senators. They are then submitted by senators to the Maryland Department of Legislative Services for drafting of legislative language. Between 2000 and 2005, an average of 907 bills were introduced in the Senate annually during the three-month legislative session. The bill is submitted, and receives the first of three constitutionally mandated readings on the floor of the Senate, before being assigned to a committee. The decision about whether legislation passes is often made in the committees. Committees can hold legislation and prevent it from reaching the Senate floor. The recommendations of committees on bills carry tremendous weight; it is rare for the Senate as a whole to approve legislation that has received a negative committee report. Once a committee has weighed in on a piece of legislation, the bill returns to the floor for second hearing, called the "consideration of committee" report, and a third hearing, which happens just before the floor vote on it.
Once passed by the Senate, a bill is sent to the House of Delegates for consideration. If the House also approves the bill without amendment, it is sent to the Governor. If there is amendment, however, the Senate may either reconsider the bill with amendments or ask for the establishment of a conference committee to work out differences in the versions of the bill passed by each chamber. Once a piece of legislation approved by both houses is forwarded to the Governor, it may either be signed or vetoed. If it is signed, it takes effect on the effective date of the legislation, usually October 1 of that year. If it is vetoed, both the Senate and the House of Delegates must vote by a three-fifths majority to overturn the veto. They may not, however, overturn a veto in the first year of a new term, since the bill would have been passed during the previous session. Additionally, joint resolutions and the budget bill may not be vetoed, although the General Assembly is constitutionally limited in the extent to which it may influence the latter; it may only decrease the Governor's budget proposal, not increase it.
Unlike the House of Delegates, the Senate has the sole responsibility in the state's legislative branch for confirming gubernatorial appointees to positions that require confirmation. After the Governor forwards his nomination to the Senate, the Executive Nominations Committee reviews the nominee and makes a recommendation for confirmation or rejection to the Senate as a whole. Only one gubernatorial nominee in recent history has been rejected; Lynn Buhl, nominated as Maryland Secretary of the Environment by Governor Robert Ehrlich, was rejected over concerns about her qualifications. The Senate also has sole responsibility for trying any persons that have been impeached by the House of Delegates. They must be sworn in before such a trial takes place, and a two-thirds majority is required for conviction of the impeached person.
Organization.
Maryland's Senate consists of senators elected from 47 Senate districts. While each senator has the power to introduce and vote on bills and make motions on the floor, various committees, caucuses, and leadership positions help to organize the work of the Senate. Senators elect a President of the Senate, who serves as the presiding officer of the chamber. They also elect a President Pro Tempore, who presides over the chamber when the President is absent. The President of the Maryland Senate has significant influence over legislation that passes through the body through both formal means, such as his ability to appoint committee chairs and leaders of the majority party, and informal means that are less easily defined. These powers place the President of the Maryland Senate among the strongest state legislature presiding officers in the country.
Once legislation is introduced, it is passed to one of the standing committees of the Senate. There are six such committees. As a whole, the Maryland General Assembly has fewer standing committees than any other state legislature in the United States. Each committee has between 10 and 15 members. Four of the standing committees deal primarily with legislation; the Budget and Taxation Committee, the Education, Energy, and Environment Committee, the Finance Committee, and the Judicial Proceedings Committee. The Chairs of these legislative committees have the power to determine whether their committees will hear a bill, and they therefore have significant influence over legislation. The Executive Nominations Committee manages the Senate's responsibility to confirm gubernatorial appointments and makes recommendations of approval and disapproval to the body as a | 4,557,901 | [
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] |
42454206 | American politician (died 1953)
George Benson III (died February 21, 1953) was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Cecil County, from 1947 to his death in 1953.
Biography.
George Benson III was born near Chesapeake City, Maryland.
Benson was a Democrat. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Cecil County, from 1947 to his death.
Benson was married. He died following a heart attack on February 21, 1953, at the age of 76, in Annapolis. He was buried at Bethel Cemetery.
References.
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] |
42454206 | Afghan-American novelist and pediatrician (born 1977)
Nadia Hashimi (born December 12, 1977) is a pediatrician, novelist, and a former Democratic congressional candidate for the United States House of Representatives for Maryland's 6th congressional district. Hashimi is the author of three international bestselling novels, "The Pearl that Broke Its Shell," "When the Moon Is Low, and A House Without Windows."
Early life.
Hashimi was born on December 12, 1977, in Queens, New York, to Afghan parents. Her parents immigrated to the United States in the early 70's.
Her parents intended to return to Afghanistan after a few years, but the country became unsafe as a result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. They remained in New York and became entrepreneurs.
Nadia Hashimi and her brother were raised in both New Jersey and upstate New York.
Education and medical career.
Hashimi attended Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, where she obtained degrees in Middle Eastern Studies and Biology.
She went on to obtain her medical degree from SUNY Downstate. She completed her pediatric training at NYU/Bellevue hospitals in New York City.
In 2008, Hashimi began her medical career working in the emergency department at Children's National Medical Center in Washington, D.C.
In 2011, she began managing her husband's neurosurgery practice in Maryland.
Literary accomplishments.
In 2014, Hashimi released her debut novel, "The Pearl that Broke Its Shell". It is the story of two women in Afghanistan, living a century apart but tied by legacy. In the contemporary storyline, Rahima is made to dress as a "bacha posh", a girl dressed as a boy in order to help provide for her family and escort her sisters to school. Shekiba's story lends a historical fiction bend to the novel, as she dresses as a man to guard King Habibullah's harem.
"The Pearl that Broke Its Shell" is an international bestseller and was a 2014 Goodreads finalist in the categories of Debut Author and Fiction. It has been translated into multiple languages, including: French, Italian, Norwegian, German, Turkish and Hungarian.
Hashimi's second novel, "When the Moon Is Low" was released in 2015 and is her second international bestseller. It was hailed by "O, the Oprah Magazine" as "A must-read saga about borders, barriers, and the resolve of one courageous mother fighting to cross over."
Hashimi's third novel, "A House Without Windows" was released in 2016 and is Hashimi's third international bestseller.
Hashimi has also published two children's books.
Hashimi is also known for her book "Sparks Like Stars", which was released in 2021.
Political career.
On October 4, 2017, Maryland political reporter Ryan Miner of "A Miner Detail" blog had an off-the-record conversation with Hashimi and said that soon she may officially declare her candidacy for Maryland's 6th congressional district. During the evening of October 8, Hashimi posted her first campaign advertisement on Facebook, officially declaring her candidacy. She then hosted a Facebook Live forum to explain her policies in detail and take questions from viewers.
Hashimi has received the official endorsement of the Feminist Majority. The endorsement was announced at the 2018 Women's March in DC by Eleanor Smeal, president and co-founder of Feminist Majority Foundation. Smeal introduced Hashimi as the first Afghan-American woman and pediatrician to run for Congress. Addressing the crowd, Hashimi stated, "I attended this march last year. I was outraged. I stood with fellow physicians, ready to demand change, and this year I stand in front of this crowd as a candidate because I decided, like so many of you, that enough is enough, and if we are the majority then we should look like it." She then noted that she was the daughter of Afghan decedents, who are from a place that "could be classified as one of those 'bleep hole countries,'" a reference to Trump's "s—hole countries" comment, reportedly made to a group of senators discussing immigration legislation.
Hashimi's campaign has focused on bringing her medical expertise into Congress. If elected, she would be the first female Democratic physician to serve as a voting member of Congress. She was soundly defeated by David Trone (40%-10%)
Personal life.
In 2008, Hashimi and her husband moved to Potomac, Maryland. Her husband, a Maryland-based neurosurgeon, arrived in the United States as a refugee, a fact she shared when speaking against the Travel Ban 3.0 at a protest in front of the Supreme Court. The protest was also attended by Congresswoman Judy Chu and Congressman Dan Kildee.
Hashimi has stated that "The Afghan culture has always been part of my daily life". She has repeatedly joked about her traditional Afghan wedding, with the "Washington Post" reporting, "'It was a medium-size wedding by Afghan standards,' Hashimi said, recalling the reception with a mere 200 guests." She has described it as "the Afghan equivalent of "My Big Fat Greek Wedding.""
Hashimi and her husband have four children and a parrot named Niles.
References.
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] |
42454206 | U.S. Army officer (1859–1940)
Everard Enos Hatch (July 18, 1859 – May 14, 1940) was a United States Army officer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He served in several conflicts, including the Spanish–American War and World War I.
Biography.
Hatch was born on his father's farm in Montville, Maine, on July 18, 1859. His father, Enos M. Hatch, was an American Civil War veteran, having lost his right arm in the conflict. Hatch attended local public schools from 1865 to 1877, and in 1878, he worked in a general store and taught. After attending Eastern State Normal School in 1879, Hatch entered the United States Military Academy, graduating in 1884.
Hatch was commissioned into the 18th Infantry Regiment and did frontier duty from 1884 to 1888. He was then assigned to Maine Agricultural College as a professor of Military Science and Tactics, something he did until 1891. Hatch then went to Fort Ringgold, Texas, and from 1894 to 1895, he served at the Clinton Liberal Institute.
Hatch participated in the Spanish–American War, the Philippine–American War, and the United States occupation of Veracruz. He graduated from the United States Army War College in 1915. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on August 5, 1917. As a general, Hatch organized and trained the 158th Brigade. After World War I ended, he reverted to his permanent rank of colonel. After commanding Fort Benjamin Harrison, Hatch served again with the American Expeditionary Forces from June through August 1919. He retired as a colonel in 1921, though Congress restored his brigadier general rank in June 1930.
Hatch served as the mayor of Laurel, Maryland from 1936 to 1940. He died on May 14, 1940, at the age of 80.
Personal life.
Hatch married his first wife, Mellie S. Rowe, on August 7, 1888, and his second wife Annie K. Spring on September 12, 1899. He was an Episcopalian.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician
James Russell Brashears (March 13, 1858 – August 19, 1917) was an American lawyer, politician, and judge, a member of the Maryland House of Delegates and Maryland State Senate.
Biography.
Born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Brashears attended West River Academy and studied law under his father. He was admitted to the bar in 1887.
He married Matilda McCullough Brown on December 22, 1891.
Politically, he was a Democrat. In 1889, he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates, and thrice re-elected. During his fourth term, he was chairman of the Judiciary committee. In 1907, he was elected to the Maryland State Senate. In 1908, he left the senate when he was appointed as a judge in the Fifth Judicial Circuit Court by Governor Crothers, a position he was re-elected to and held until his death. He died at home in Annapolis in 1917.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (1954–2024)
Thomas Harold Hattery (January 20, 1954 – October 10, 2024) was an American politician from the state of Maryland. He served as a Democratic member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 4A from 1983 to 1995, and ran for Maryland's 6th congressional district in 1980 and 1992. He died from cancer near Mount Airy, Maryland, on October 10, 2024, at the age of 70.
Electoral history.
1980.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
1982.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
1986.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
1990.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
1992.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
1994.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
References.
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] | 24 | [] |
42454206 | Former Maryland Senate Majority Leader (1929–2017)
George Elmer Snyder (January 12, 1929 – April 5, 2017) was an American politician, businessman, author, inventor, and marketing professional. He served in the Maryland State Senate from 1959 to 1974. Snyder served as the Majority leader of the Maryland Senate and was the Chairman of the Maryland Senate Finance Committee from 1971 to 1974.
Biography.
Born in Hagerstown, Maryland, Snyder attended Washington County Public Schools. He then graduated from the University of Maryland and attended the University of Maryland School of Law. Snyder was married to Karen Englehart Snyder and had six children and ten grandchildren. He served in elected office as a Democrat, although he ran as a Republican in the 1982 Florida Senate Race for the seat occupied by Lawton Chiles. He served as the President of the National Taxpayers Union and led a nationwide effort to pass a Balanced Budget Amendment to the United States Constitution. Snyder passed away in 2017 at the Glenbridge Health and Rehabilitation Center in Boone, North Carolina.
Political career.
Maryland General Assembly.
In 1958 at the age of 29, Snyder was elected to serve in the Maryland State Senate representing Washington County. He served a total of four terms, eventually retiring from Maryland politics in 1974 after withdrawing from the Democratic primary for Governor of Maryland. By 1971, Snyder served as the Democratic Senate Majority Leader, member of the Legislative Council, and was Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. He was a member of the Maryland delegation to the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago where he eventually voted to nominate Hubert Humphrey to become the democratic nominee for President of the United States.
Candidacy for Governor of Maryland.
After years of deep conflict with then-sitting Governor Marvin Mandel, Snyder publicly announced that he would challenge Mandel in the Democratic primary for the Office of Governor. Hyman A. Pressman, the Comptroller of Baltimore, filed as his running mate seeking the party's nomination for the Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland. Pressman previously ran as an independent candidate in the 1966 Maryland gubernatorial election. After several weeks it became clear that the demographic challenges of running for state-wide office from the relatively less densely populated western part of the state would hamper the campaign. On July 18, 1974, Snyder ended the campaign.
Balanced Budget Amendment and the National Taxpayers Union.
Snyder lobbied and testified before more than 40 state legislatures in a campaign to get the states to force a constitutional convention to pass a Balanced Budget Amendment. By 1979, the effort to push the states to support an amendment had made serious progress with 29 of the 34 states required for a constitutional convention. Working at the federal level proved challenging, but several successes were achieved in the early 1980s. On May 19, 1981, the Senate Judiciary Committee, for the first time, approved the proposed constitutional amendment by a vote of 11–1. At the time, Snyder declared: "”This is really a great day for the American taxpayers. The fiscal affairs of our country are about to be afforded the same safeguards as our Constitution freedoms ... and may be as crucial to protecting those rights.”"
An opposition effort, particularly at the state-level, was led by then-Massachusetts Lt. Governor Thomas P. O'Neill III and a number of organizations including the AFL–CIO and Common Cause, led by Fred Wertheimer.
After the departure of Grover Norquist from the leadership of the National Taxpayers Union in 1982, Snyder was appointed executive director of the organization.
1982 United States Senate campaign.
After moving to Sarasota, Florida, in the late 1970s, Snyder broadened his career as a business consultant and made the decision to become a Republican. Leaning on his prior experience in elected office, he filed to run for the United States Senate in the 1982 election against the incumbent Senator Lawton Chiles. He was defeated in a three-way Republican primary carrying 27 percent of votes cast.
Business and innovation.
As a serial entrepreneur, Snyder was involved in founding, co-founding, or acquiring numerous businesses throughout his life. He was the holder of several patents on processes and devices. Snyder owned a soft pretzel company, Dutchie, Inc. of Smithsburg, Maryland, where he pioneered frozen foods processes and methods of distribution. For example, Snyder developed and patented a then-novel design for a compact oven intended for use by commercial clients in the shopping, amusements, entertainment, and sport sectors.
References.
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] | 24 | [
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] |
42454206 | American politician
Steven Mark Lonegan (born April 27, 1956) is an American businessman and politician who served as mayor of Bogota, New Jersey, from 1996 to 2007. He was also the Republican Party's nominee in the 2013 Special Senate election in New Jersey, which he lost to Cory Booker.
Lonegan was named the New Jersey State Chairman for the Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign in June 2015. He also served as a national spokesman for the campaign and appeared on various news outlets such as Fox News, Fox Business, CNN, and MSNBC.
Lonegan was Director of Monetary Policy for the American Principles Project. He served as the organization's national spokesman on monetary policies of the Federal Reserve System and directed the Fix the Dollar project until January 2016.
Lonegan lectured across the country to a range of audiences on the history of money and current monetary policy conditions. On February 27, 2015, Lonegan led a team of economists and conservative think tank leaders into a meeting with Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen and Federal Reserve officials at the Washington, D.C., headquarters of the Federal Reserve System.
In August 2015, through American Principles Project, Lonegan hosted an international monetary conference in Jackson Hole, Wyoming that included leaders from around the world and was held directly opposite the Federal Reserve's annual economic symposium.
Previously, Lonegan served as the State Director of the New Jersey chapter of Americans for Prosperity and was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor of New Jersey in 2005 and 2009. He was the unsuccessful nominee in the October 2013 special election to fill New Jersey's open U.S. Senate seat following the death of Frank Lautenberg.
Early life and background.
Lonegan was born in Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck, New Jersey. His grandparents emigrated from Italy and Ireland. He graduated from Ridgefield Park High School, where he was a football lineman for the Ridgefield Park Scarlets. He went on to play four years at William Paterson University.
He was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa at the age of 14, and is now legally blind.
Lonegan has owned a custom home building business and a cabinet-making business. He served as the state national and finance vice president for the National Federation of Independent Business. He graduated in 1980 from William Paterson College with a B.A. in Business Administration and in 1981 earned a Master of Business Administration degree from Fairleigh Dickinson University.
Political career.
Mayor of Bogota.
In 1995, Lonegan was elected Mayor of Bogota, New Jersey, defeating incumbent Democrat Leonard Nicolosi. He was reelected in 1999 and 2003 by double-digit margins. As mayor, he cut municipal spending, merged several municipal departments and privatized some services. Lonegan ordered the municipality to hire civilian dispatchers to answer telephones at police headquarters at lower pay than uniformed officers, angering the local police union; successfully fought the implementation of LOSAP (Length of Service Award Program), which extended pension payments to volunteer fire and rescue personnel; and required that local union contracts exceeding inflation be put to voters for approval. While he was in office, Republicans long in the minority in Democratic-leaning Bogota, controlled the municipal council for 11 straight elections. Lonegan did not seek reelection in 2007, stating a belief in term limits.
In 1997, Lonegan became the Republican nominee for New Jersey State Senator against Democratic incumbent Byron Baer, a 26-year veteran of the state legislature. Running in the 37th legislative district, where no Republican had ever won, Lonegan received 39.3% of the vote, losing to Baer by a 10,301 vote margin. Lonegan then became a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1998, challenging freshman Democrat Steve Rothman in New Jersey's 9th congressional district. Democrats had held this seat since Robert Torricelli defeated Republican Harold C. Hollenbeck in 1982. Rothman defeated Lonegan by 43,513 votes, 65%-34%.
The 2003 mayoral election in Bogota was chronicled in the documentary "Anytown, USA".
In 2006, Lonegan filed papers for a public referendum in Bogota on making English the official language for the municipality. The public question was rejected by the County Clerk's office, which is partly responsible for officiating elections, on legal advice that it violated state and federal law.
On January 19, 2008, Lonegan was arrested by New Jersey State Police troopers for trespassing at a town hall meeting scheduled by Governor Jon Corzine at a high school in Middle Township, New Jersey. Lonegan was standing on the school's lawn protesting when police and school officials asked him to move to a designated protest area and remove a sign he was holding. Police arrested him when he refused. School officials later apologized and the police dropped the charges.
State Director of Americans for Prosperity.
From 2007 to 2013, Lonegan served as the New Jersey State Director and Senior Policy Analyst for Americans for Prosperity, a conservative public policy organization. He resigned to run for U.S. Senate.
In 2003, Lonegan formed the group "stopthedebt.com" and filed lawsuits against the State of New Jersey in New Jersey's Supreme Court, challenging state debt sold without voter approval in violation of the state constitution's "debt limitation clause". In its findings against Lonegan and the group, the court stated two reasons for not requiring voter approval of that debt. First, that the debt was issued to finance a constitutional mandate: the requirement that "The Legislature shall provide for the maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of free public schools for the instruction of all children in the State between the ages of five and eighteen years" (Article VIII Section IV). Second, that the debt was technically not backed by the full faith and credit of New Jersey, and future lawmakers could refuse to honor that contract at any time.
Gubernatorial campaigns.
Lonegan ran for the Republican nomination for governor in the state's 2005 election and finished fourth, in a field of 7 with 8.08% of the vote after the nominee, businessman Doug Forrester, former Jersey City Mayor Bret Schundler and Morris County Freeholder John Murphy and defeated Assembly Majority Leader Paul DeGaetano, Former Freedholder Todd Caliguire and Assemblyman Robert Schroeder.
On December 1, 2008, Lonegan announced that he would run for the Republican nomination for Governor of New Jersey, his second run for the seat. Lonegan promised to cut the size of state government by more than 20% and said he would run on the issues of property taxes, school funding and affordable housing. Lonegan sought to run as a conservative alternative to the more liberal candidate, former U.S. Prosecutor Chris Christie.
On June 2, Lonegan lost the primary to Christie by a 55–44% vote.
2013 U.S. Senate campaign.
In June 2013, Lonegan announced that he would run to fill New Jersey's open U.S. Senate seat following the death of Senator Frank Lautenberg.
Lonegan easily won the Republican primary in August 2013, making him the Republican Party's nominee in the October 2013 special election Lonegan was defeated in the election by Democrat Cory Booker. He lost by nearly eleven percentage points.
2014 and 2018 U.S. House campaigns.
Lonegan announced in October 2013 that he would run in the November 2014 election to represent New Jersey congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. Incumbent Jon Runyan had chosen not to run for reelection. Lonegan lost to Tom MacArthur with 40% voting for Lonegan as opposed to MacArthur's 60%.
In 2017, Lonegan announced his candidacy for the 2018 elections in New Jersey congressional district against Democratic incumbent Josh Gottheimer. He ultimately lost to former Cresskill Borough Councilman John McCann in the Republican primary.
2016 Ted Cruz Presidential campaign.
On December 10, 2015, Lonegan announced his endorsement of Ted Cruz for the Republican nomination for president in 2016 and became Chairman of Cruz's campaign in New Jersey. Lonegan became Cruz's first major endorsement in New Jersey at a time when New Jersey's own Governor, Chris Christie, was also a candidate. Lonegan assembled a total of 121 endorsements for Cruz, including Cruz county chairs in all 21 counties. On May 3, 2016, Lonegan described Republican frontrunner Donald Trump as "Hillary Clinton with a penis".
References.
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] |
42454206 | American lawyer
L. Leonard Ruben (1925 – March 21, 2007) was a Montgomery County, Maryland judge from 1974 until his death.
He was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1970, vacating the seat upon appointment to the Montgomery County's District Court, where he served ten years. He served another 10 years on the Circuit Court until 1995 when he hit the state's mandatory retirement age of 70. At that point he continued as a part-time judge. He died after collapsing outside the district courthouse in Silver Spring, Maryland. At the time, he had been married for 58 years to Ida Ruben, who filled his vacant House of Delegates seat in 1974, and remained in the state legislature until she lost a Democratic primary 22 years later, in September 2006. | 4,557,909 | [
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] |
42454206 | American politician
Howard Peters "Pete" Rawlings (March 17, 1937 – November 14, 2003) was an American politician and the first African American to become chair of the powerful Appropriations Committee in the Maryland House of Delegates. Rawlings served the 40th legislative district, located in the central, northwest section of Baltimore, from 1979 until 2003. His daughter, Stephanie Rawlings-Blake, is the former Mayor of Baltimore.
Background.
Delegate Rawlings was born in Baltimore on March 17, 1937 to Howard Toussaint Rawlings and Beatrice (Peters) Rawlings. His father worked as a custodian in a department store and then for U.S. Postal Service. Rawlings and his five brothers and sisters grew up in the segregated public housing project called the Poe Homes. He graduated from Douglass High School in 1954, one of the three schools African Americans were allowed to attend prior to the Supreme Court Decision in Brown v. Board of Education. He earned a B.S. in mathematics from Morgan State College, an M.S. in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and completed Ph.D. coursework at the University of Maryland. Rawlings was a professor of mathematics at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County from 1969-1972. While at UMBC, he served as the chair of the UMBC Black Caucus of Faculty & Staff and the Black Coalition of the University of Maryland Campuses.
In the Legislature.
Delegate Rawlings was a member of Maryland's House of Delegates from January 10, 1979 until his death on November 14, 2003. He was appointed chairman of the Appropriations Committee in 1992. In his years as chairman, Delegate Rawlings developed a reputation for integrity, dedication to his city, and a detailed knowledge of the state budget. He was in the forefront of reforming inner-city public schools, including requiring accountability from Baltimore school officials for lack of educational progress, waste of state funds, and allegations of fraud in spending those funds. He co-sponsored legislation that banned racial profiling in Maryland and fought against Maryland Lottery drawings expanding to Sundays. He also played an instrumental role in securing funding for the Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture.
Legislative notes.
In addition to his legislative responsibilities, Delegate Rawlings sat on various boards and taskforces including the Maryland Education Coalition, the Maryland Historical Society, the Maryland Low Income Housing Coalition, Governor's Task Force to Reform the State Personnel Management System, the Task Force on Education Funding Equity, Accountability, and Partnerships and the Task Force to Study the Governance, Coordination, and Funding of the University System of Maryland.
Political leader.
In 1999, after Kurt Schmoke, Baltimore's three-term mayor, decided not to seek re-election, Rawlings started a search for Baltimore's next mayor. At first he tried to encourage NAACP president Kweisi Mfume to run, but Mfume declined. He then threw his support behind Baltimore City Council member Martin O'Malley in the mayoral election. It was a risky choice because O'Malley, who is white, was running against two African-American candidates in a city that was and still is majority African-American, and Rawlings himself was African-American.
Personal life.
He married Nina Cole. They had three children: Wendell, Lisa and Stephanie.
Legacy.
Less than a month before his death, Rawlings was named the national education Policy Leader of the Year by the National Association of State Boards of Education (NASBE). At the award ceremony in Baltimore, Brenda Welburn, NASBE Executive Director said "Delegate Rawlings has been a long-time champion of expanding educational opportunities and access for all of Maryland's students. He has also been in the national forefront of insisting upon greater accountability from our education system, both of teacher performance and student achievement, as well as focusing on closing the achievement gap among minority students. In demanding resources for results, his overriding concern has always been focused on best helping students succeed".
Delegate Rawlings succumbed to cancer on November 14, 2003. Two days after his death, the Baltimore Sun ran an editorial entitled "Pete" which included this quote: ""With the death of Del. Howard P. "Pete" Rawlings, Maryland lost an extraordinarily gifted leader and one of the most accomplished politicians of his era - known for both a tight fist and a caring heart." " During the first legislative session after his death, Delegate Rawlings was recognized with the First Citizen Award of the Maryland Senate. The Howard Peters Rawlings Conservatory and Botanic Gardens of Baltimore and the Howard P. Rawlings Residence and Dining Hall at Morgan State University have been named in his honor.
"A politician worries about the next election. A true statesman worries about the next generation, and children yet unborn, and that was Pete Rawlings."
-Congressman Elijah Cummings
His daughter, Stephanie Rawlings-Blake, assumed the office of Mayor of Baltimore on February 4, 2010, following the resignation of Mayor Sheila Dixon.
The Rawlings Undergraduate Leadership Fellows program, located in the University of Maryland School of Public Policy, was named in his honor. The program provides education in leadership development, training in advocacy, and professional development opportunities to a select cohort of undergraduate students.
Notes.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1982)
Justin D. Ready ( ; born April 15, 1982) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maryland Senate since 2015, representing District 5 in Carroll County. He previously represented the district in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2011 to 2015.
Early life and education.
Ready was born in Mobile, Alabama, but moved to Westminster, Maryland, at the age of 11 after living in Mississippi. He graduated from Carroll Community College in 2002, and afterwards attended Salisbury University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 2004.
Political career.
Ready became interested in politics at a young age. After graduating from Salisbury, working as a field director on the 2004 U.S. Senate campaign of E. J. Pipkin. He later worked as a legislative aide to state delegate J. B. Jennings from 2004 to 2006, afterwards working as the chief of staff for state senator Janet Greenip.
In April 2008, the Maryland Republican Party named Ready as its executive director, replacing John Flynn. He served in this position until July 2009, when he was fired by party chairman James Pelura for "personnel reasons". Ready's firing eventually led to the removal of Pelura as chairman of the Maryland Republican Party. Ready later served as an interim executive director from July to December 2011.
Also in 2008, Ready unsuccessfully ran for delegate to the Republican National Convention, pledged to Mike Huckabee.
Maryland House of Delegates.
On January 5, 2010, Ready announced that he would run for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 5A, challenging incumbent state delegates Nancy R. Stocksdale and Tanya Thornton Shewell. He won the Republican primary, placing first with 39.3 percent of the vote, and later defeated Democrats Francis X. Walsh and Sharon L. Baker in the general election alongside Stocksdale. Ready was sworn in on January 12, 2011, and served as a member of the Health and Government Operations Committee. He ran for re-election to a second term in 2014. Ready was a member of Larry Hogan's Change Maryland organization, and later served Hogan's transition team following his upset victory in the 2014 Maryland gubernatorial election.
In 2011, Ready served as a co-chair for Rick Perry's 2012 presidential campaign in Maryland. He later ran for delegate to the Republican National Convention pledged to Perry, receiving 1.2 percent of the vote.
Maryland Senate.
In January 2015, following the resignation of state senator Joseph M. Getty to serve as the chief legislative officer to Governor Larry Hogan, Ready applied to fill the vacancy left by Getty in the Maryland Senate. The Carroll County Republican Central Committee nominated Ready alongside Dave Wallace and County Commissioner Robin Bartlett Frazier to fill the seat. Hogan appointed Ready to the seat on February 2, and he was sworn in on the same day. Ready was elected to a full four-year term in 2018.
Ready served as a member of the Judicial Proceedings Committee from 2015 to 2021, afterwards serving on the Finance Committee. In October 2021, Ready was elected to serve as the Senate minority whip.
During the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Ready participated in organizing activities for Ted Cruz. He celebrated Donald Trump's win in the 2016 United States presidential election, calling it a "pretty stunning repudiation of Washington, D.C., and the establishment, the media establishment, and sort of the coasts".
Ready endorsed Maryland Secretary of Commerce Kelly M. Schulz in the 2022 Maryland gubernatorial election. After Schulz was defeated by far-right state delegate Dan Cox in the Republican primary, Ready endorsed Cox, claiming that he would act as a counter on progressive legislation passed by the legislature.
Political positions.
During his tenure in the Maryland House of Delegates, Ready was a member of the legislature's Tea Party caucus. In January 2020, the American Conservative Union gave Ready a score of 76 percent on its annual legislative scorecard, the highest score among members of the Maryland Senate.
Crime.
In the Maryland Senate, Ready repeatedly introduced and supported bills to increase penalties on violent crimes, including those involving guns. He has called crime in Baltimore "out of control and destabilizing our entire region", and has expressed skepticism on claims that gun control would decrease violent crime.
During the 2015 legislative session, Ready introduced a bill to increase penalties for human trafficking. The bill was withdrawn after activists expressed concerns that the bill's definition of "trafficker" was too broad.
In 2019, Ready introduced "Laura and Reid's Law", a bill to increase penalties for murdering a pregnant woman. The bill was named after Laura Wallen, a pregnant woman who was allegedly murdered by her boyfriend in September 2017. The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Larry Hogan. He also introduced a bill that would prohibit courts from authorizing pretrial release for an individual accused of assaulting a police officer.
During the 2023 legislative session, Ready expressed concerns with and voted against Governor Wes Moore's appointment of Vincent Schiraldi as Maryland Secretary of Juvenile Services, pointing to the Schiraldi's controversial approach to reducing juvenile crime amid the state's "crisis in juvenile crime".
Education.
In May 2015, Ready defended Governor Larry Hogan's decision to withhold $68 million in funding for Maryland's costliest public school systems, saying that the state needed to restrain its growth spending to settle its fiscal issues.
During the 2019 legislative session, Ready defended Governor Larry Hogan's executive order requiring public schools to start after Labor Day, claiming that the order resulted in "incredibly good" economic effects.
In October 2019, Ready expressed skepticism with the Kirwan Commission's recommendations, also known as the Blueprint for Maryland's Future, comparing them to the recommendations made by the Thornton Commission and arguing that it would be better to address achievement gap deficits in education locally rather than raising education funding statewide. He later voted against the Blueprint bill, arguing that it would have a significant negative impacts on the state's economy.
In February 2022, Ready signed onto a letter to the Maryland State Board of Education imploring the agency to rescind its COVID-19 mask mandate in schools, falsely claiming that masks were ineffective at limiting the spread of COVID-19.
During the 2023 legislative session, Ready introduced a bill to establish the "fundamental right to parents' rights" in education.
Electoral reform.
In 2016, Ready opposed a bill to automatically register people to vote when getting their driver's license at the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration.
In March 2019, Ready said he supported Governor Larry Hogan's proposed redraw of Maryland's congressional maps—which saw Maryland's 6th congressional district redrawn to include Frederick and Carroll counties, thereby making it more favorable to Republicans—following the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit's decision in "Benisek v. Lamone". In June 2021, Ready participated in hearings for Hogan's Maryland Citizens Redistricting Commission, during which he advocated for districts that broke up communities as little as possible. He criticized the redrawn congressional districts passed by the legislature during the 2021 special legislative session, calling it "incredibly gerrymandered".
During the 2021 legislative session, Ready introduced a bill to require voters to show a government-issued voter ID before casting a ballot, citing what he called "major deficiencies" in the 2020 United States presidential election. The bill was reintroduced in 2022. In August 2024, Ready endorsed the Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act, a federal bill that would require voters to show proof of citizenship when registering to vote.
Gun policy.
During the 2018 legislative session, Ready said he supported a bill to repeal several sections of the Firearms Safety Act, including a ban on assault rifles.
In 2019, Ready said he opposed a bill to abolish the state's Handgun Permit Review Board, which handled conceal carry applications. In June 2022, he celebrated the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in "New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen", which overturned Maryland's concealed carry laws. In 2023, Ready said he opposed the Gun Safety Act, a gun control bill that increased requirements to obtain a handgun permit and limited where guns could be publicly carried following the "Bruen" decision, saying that he anticipated the bill's "fiery end by the court" if passed.
Health care.
Ready supports efforts to repeal Obamacare.
During the 2017 legislative session, Ready said he opposed a bill requiring companies to provide employees with five days of paid sick leave per year, which he claimed would exacerbate income inequality.
In 2019, Ready criticized the End-of-Life Option Act, which would have provided palliative care to terminally ill adults.
Immigration.
Ready supported Question 4 in 2012, which sought to repeal Maryland's Dream Act, a bill that extended in-state tuition for undocumented immigrants, saying that the bill made Maryland appear as a sanctuary state.
In 2014, Ready condemned a proposal to house immigrant children at a former U.S. Army Reserve Center in Westminster, Maryland, and blamed the increase in immigrant children on President Barack Obama's immigration policies.
In 2017, Ready supported the Trust Act, a bill that would prohibit police from asking about a detainee's immigration or citizenship status. During the 2020 legislative session, he introduced legislation that would require state correctional facilities to cooperate with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), accusing detention centers in Prince George's and Montgomery counties of defying ICE requests. In 2021, Ready opposed the Dignity Not Detention Act, a bill that would end all contracts between state correctional facilities and ICE, arguing that it would make communities less safe.
In 2021, Ready said he opposed a bill to extend the state's earned income tax credit to non-citizens. In 2023, during debate on a bill to make the tax credit permanent, Ready introduced an amendment to phase out the credit for non-citizens, which was rejected in a 14-33 vote.
Policing.
Ready describes himself as being pro-police, but supports citizen oversight over the police and military. He has criticized police reform bills passed by the Maryland General Assembly during the 2021 legislative session, including a bill regulating police use of force policies, which he called the "most dangerous provision in the police bill package".
During the 2023 legislative session, Ready introduced a bill that would allow police departments to negotiate contracts to purchase police body cameras, citing the state's 2025 deadline to have on-duty officers wearing body cameras. He also criticized a bill to give the attorney general of Maryland sole prosecutorial power over police-involved incidents, imploring legislators to instead pass bills to deal with violent crime.
Social issues.
During the 2012 legislative session, Ready voted against the Civil Marriage Protection Act, which legalized same-sex marriage in Maryland. He later supported a ballot referendum aimed at repealing the law, saying that he believed that the "institution of marriage" was between a man and a woman. In 2022, he defended a Carroll County Board of Education policy banning pride flags in schools. During the 2024 legislative session, Ready opposed a bill to provide legal protections to health care providers that provide gender-affirming care to out-of-state patients, arguing that it would expand access to gender-affirming care to minors.
In December 2018, Ready signed onto an amicus brief in the U.S. Supreme Court case "American Legion v. American Humanist Association" defending the cross-shaped Peace Cross monument in Bladensburg, Maryland.
During the 2019 legislative session, Ready voted against a bill to raise the age to buy tobacco and nicotine products from 18 to 21, calling it "government overreach".
During the 2021 legislative session, Ready introduced legislation that would give college athletes the right to profit off their names and likenesses. The bill passed and became law.
In March 2022, Ready said he opposed a bill to provide $3.5 million toward training medical professionals to provide abortions, calling it "reckless and wrong". During the 2023 legislative session, Ready sought to amend a bill creating a ballot referendum on codifying abortion access into the Constitution of Maryland to include a provision protecting the right to make reproductive decisions without being coerced by health care providers. The amendment was rejected.
Personal life.
Ready is married and has two children.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
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! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
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42454206 | American politician (1936–2022)
William Scott Horne (July 23, 1936 – April 3, 2022) was an American politician and judge. He was a former Democratic member of the Maryland House of Delegates.
Early life and career.
Horne was born in Easton, Maryland, and attended public schools in the area. Before college, he attended The Bolles School in Jacksonville, Florida and the University of Maryland. He served in the United States Army from 1956 to 1958. He graduated from Virginia Tech with a B.S. degree in 1964 and from Tulane University Law School with a LL.B degree in 1965. Horne was admitted to the Maryland Bar in 1966.
Horne first entered into politics in 1968 after being elected Assistant State's Attorney for Talbot County, Maryland, which he served from 1968 to 1971, and as the county's State's Attorney until 1973. Afterwards, he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 35 from 1973 to 1982 and District 37 until 1989. He then served as judge of the Talbot County Circuit Court from 1989 until his retirement in 2005. He died at his home in Easton, Maryland.
In the legislature.
Horne was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates in 1973.
References.
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] |
42454206 | Government body
The Board of Public Works is a three-member body consisting of the Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer of the state of Maryland in the United States. It oversees many aspects of the state's finances.
History and purpose.
The board was established by the Maryland Constitution of 1864, replacing the Commissioners of Public Works and various other boards. The board acts as a check on the power of the General Assembly and also guarantees "that significant State expenditures are necessary and appropriate, fiscally responsible, fair, and lawful" and that "executive decisions are made responsibly and responsively".
Duties.
A unique institution amongst both the federal and U.S. state governments, the board is also quite powerful, possessing the final say in spending through loans approved by the Maryland General Assembly and in capital improvements (except roads and bridges). In addition, the board has the authority to borrow money and provide supplemental funding for state agencies. All state land purchases are carried out by the board and all contracts for office space and leases are approved by the board. While the state legislature is not in session, the board takes up many of its fiscal responsibilities in ensuring the operation of the state government.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (born 1951)
James Carew Rosapepe (born May 20, 1951) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maryland Senate representing District 21 in since 2007. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously represented the district in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1987 to 1997, and served as the United States Ambassador to Romania from 1998 to 2001.
Early life and education.
Rosapepe was born in Rome on May 20, 1951, where his parents were working as American journalists. His grandparents migrated to the United States from Russia in the early 20th century. Rosapepe grew up in New York before moving to Arlington County, Virginia in the late 1960s, and attended Yale University as an undergraduate, but did not graduate, and Georgetown University.
Career.
Rosapepe has been involved in politics since he was 17 years old. While living in Arlington, he served as the president of the Arlington Youth Council. Rosapepe took a year off from attending Yale to work as an intern to the President's Council on Youth Opportunity within the Nixon administration. During his internship, he was the subject of multiple White House memos that questioned whether he should have a voice in the Youth Conference, citing his activism and anti-Nixon views. Despite these memos, White House aide Steve Hess, who hired Rosapepe, said that he would not consider discharging him as the council also included members of the right-wing Young Americans for Freedom organization, and that having "some radical liberals" in the Youth Conference gave it credibility. Afterwards, Rosapepe worked as a policy assistant to various congressmembers, for whom he worked on macroeconomic and competition issues. From 1979 to 1981, he served as a member of the National Petroleum Council. Rosapepe worked for the Maryland Committee on Federal Income Tax Conformity in 1982, and afterwards chaired the Economic Development Committee for the city of College Park, Maryland, until 1986. He also served as a member of the Maryland Democratic State Central Committee from 1985 to 1992, and later as the treasurer of the Maryland Democratic Party from 1985 to 1989 and as its deputy chair 1989 to 1992.
Rosapepe served as the president of the Maryland Main Street Development Association from 1984 to 1985. Afterwards, he served on the boards of directors for the Center for National Policy and National Small Business United until 1992. Since 2001, Rosapepe has served as the chief executive officer of Patuxent Capital Group. He has also worked as a federal lobbyist for the Multistate Tax Commission.
Maryland House of Delegates.
Rosapepe was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates on January 3, 1987. During his tenure, he was a member of the Spending Affordability Committee from 1987 to 1993, afterwards serving as its vice chair from 1995 until his resignation on December 31, 1997. "The Baltimore Sun" described Rosapepe as a suburban liberal—supporting organized labor, environmental advocacy, and increased education spending—and as an ally of Governor Parris Glendening. He also became involved with foreign policy issues during his tenure, attending an exchange trip to China in 1982 and extensively traveled to parts of the former Soviet Union. In 1995, Rosapepe was appointed to the Albanian-American Enterprise Fund.
Rosapepe worked as a national treasurer for U.S. Senator Paul Simon's 1988 presidential campaign. He worked on the 1992 and 1996 presidential campaigns of Bill Clinton, in which he helped organize Italian Americans behind Clinton and got to know Clinton, Al Gore, and many of their close advisors, including Sandy Berger and John Podesta.
Ambassador to Romania.
On September 25, 1997, President Bill Clinton nominated Rosapepe to serve as the U.S. Ambassador to Romania. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on November 6, 1997, and was officially sworn in on January 20, 1998. In this capacity, Rosapepe helped integrate Romania into NATO and helped secure the country's support in the Kosovo War, and supported the country's transition to a democratic free market system by promoting U.S.-Romanian trade. He also criticized Cluj-Napoca mayor Gheorghe Funar for campaigning against a law granting rights to Romania's ethnic Hungarian minority. Rosapepe was the subject of an internal State Department report in which officials claimed that morale within the embassy plunged during his tenure and that the embassy often provided "inadequate" information on Romanian affairs, with communications often "tilted towards the Romanian perspective".
USM Board of Regents.
Following his ambassadorship, Rosapepe was appointed by Governor Parris Glendening to serve on the University System Board of Regents from 2001 to 2006. In this capacity, he voted against tuition increases and criticized Governor Bob Ehrlich for vetoing the Higher Education Affordability and Access Act, a bill to cap tuition increases for three years and restore budget cuts to higher education. He also founded the Marylanders for Access to Quality Higher Education to lobby for the legislature to override the governor's veto on the bill.
Maryland Senate.
In 2006, after Governor Bob Ehrlich did not reappoint Rosapepe to the University System Board of Regents, Rosapepe launched a primary challenge against state Senator John A. Giannetti Jr., who was perceived by other Democratic lawmakers as being too conservative after siding with Republicans and Governor Bob Ehrlich on key votes, including a bill to ban assault weapons in Maryland. During the Democratic primary, Giannetti gained national attention after performing the Heimlich maneuver on Rosapepe, who was choking on a piece of lobster at an Italian restaurant they were both eating at. Rosapepe defeated Giannetti in the Democratic primary with 58 percent of the vote, after which Giannetti switched his party affiliation to Republican to run against Rosapepe in the general election. Rosapepe again defeated Giannetti in the general election.
Rosapepe was sworn in on January 10, 2007. He was a member of the Education, Health and Environmental Affairs Committee from 2007 to 2016, afterwards serving on the Finance Committee. Rosapepe has served as a member of the Budget and Taxation Committee since 2019, and as the committee's vice chair since 2020.
In January 2012, Rosapepe expressed interest in running for comptroller of Maryland in 2014 if Peter Franchot ran for governor instead of seeking re-election. Franchot declined to run for governor in 2014, and Rosapepe subsequently ran for reelection to the Maryland Senate.
In April 2019, Rosapepe and state Delegate Erek Barron launched "Biden for Maryland", becoming the first two Maryland lawmakers to endorse his bid for president. He also organized groups of ethnic leaders from Central and Eastern Europe, including Wesley Clark, to support and campaign for Biden in swing states.
Political positions.
Education.
In April 1994, Rosapepe said he opposed a bill to provide state funding to build a new stadium for the Washington Redskins in Laurel, Maryland, saying that the stadium funds should instead go toward improving state schools. During the 1997 legislative session, he led an unsuccessful revolt against House leadership, in which he rallied for increased funding for education in underserved communities and Baltimore.
During the 2008 legislative session, Rosapepe introduced legislation that would allow disabled students to participate in school sports.
During the 2011 legislative session, Rosapepe voted for Maryland's Dream Act, a bill that extended in-state tuition for undocumented immigrants. In 2020, he supported a bill to lower the requirements for undocumented immigrants to apply for in-state tuition at public colleges.
In September 2013, Rosapepe expressed concerns with an Anne Arundel County Public Schools agreement that allowed school properties to be considered as possible cell site locations, which he said could affect the health of students.
In October 2018, Rosapepe defended University of Maryland, College Park president Wallace Loh following the death of football player Jordan McNair, saying that it was "insane" that people wanted to make Loh "a scapegoat" for McNair's death. He urged Loh to stay as president after he offered his retirement later that month, and celebrated Loh's decision to delay his retirement until June 2020.
Energy.
Rosapepe opposes electricity deregulation. During the 2008 legislative session, he introduced a bill that would require utility companies that build power plants in Maryland to first sell their electricity in-state, which passed and became law. In July 2012, after a derecho left more than a million residents without power for several days, Rosapepe called for fines of $100 million against Pepco and Baltimore Gas and Electric as well as requiring utility companies to place power lines underground to prevent future outages. Rosapepe expressed disappointment with the Maryland Public Service Commission's decision not to place stiff fines against the utility companies in its assessment following the derecho.
Gun policy.
During the 1987 legislative session, Rosapepe voted to overturn a Maryland Court of Appeals ruling that allowed victims of crimes committed with Saturday night special handguns to sue the weapon's manufacturers. During the 2013 legislative session, he voted for the Firearm Safety Act, which banned assault weapons and placed restrictions on firearm purchases. In 2016, Rosapepe introduced legislation to ban terrorists from banning firearms and supported bills banning firearms on campuses and requiring domestic abusers to surrender their guns.
Healthcare.
During the 2019 legislative session, Rosapepe supported legislation to establish the Prescription Drug Affordability Board to negotiate the prices of prescription drugs and other bills to make it easier for uninsured people to apply for health coverage.
In April 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Rosapepe urged Governor Larry Hogan to form a regional pact with bordering states. He criticized the Maryland Department of Health's rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine, accusing the agency of creating "artificial shortages" and not providing adequate constituent services. Rosapepe also supported a COVID-19 vaccine mandate in schools.
Minimum wage.
During the 2019 legislative session, Rosapepe voted for legislation to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour.
Social issues.
During his tenure as the president of the Arlington Youth Council, Rosapepe opposed anti-loitering laws that were aimed at teenagers and campaigned for more county funding for educational research.
In March 1995, Rosapepe voted to keep restrictions on how state tax dollars could be used to pay for abortions through Medicaid.
During the 2009 legislative session, Rosapepe voted for legislation to abolish the death penalty.
In February 2011, after the Religious Freedom and Civil Marriage Protection Act, a bill to legalize same-sex marriage in Maryland, was amended to include more protections for religious groups, Rosapepe said that he would support the bill. He was seen as a key vote on the bill, and his support gave it the support it needed to pass the Maryland Senate. In 2012, Rosapepe voted for the Civil Marriage Protection Act.
During the 2015 legislative session, Rosapepe supported a bill to restore voting rights for felons on parole. In 2016, he voted to override Governor Larry Hogan's veto of the bill.
In 2020, Rosapepe introduced legislation to make daylight saving time permanent.
Taxes.
During the 1988 legislative session, Rosapepe introduced legislation that would require pizza shops to charge the sales tax on deliveries. In 1992, he voted for a bill to raise $1.2 billion in income and sales taxes.
In 1997, Rosapepe voted for a bill to provide tax credits to businesses who hire disabled people. He also opposed a proposal by Governor Parris Glendening to cut personal income taxes by 10 percent, preferring tax cuts aimed at middle- and lower-income families.
During debate on a bill that would provide $5.6 billion in tax incentives to Amazon to build their second headquarters in Montgomery County in 2018, Rosapepe introduced an amendment that would terminate the tax incentivizes if unclaimed by 2022. The amendment was adopted by the Maryland Senate.
Transportation.
Rosapepe supports the Red Line and Purple Line. In June 2015, he attended a rally at the Laurel MARC station to protest against its possible closure by the Maryland Department of Transportation.
During the 1991 legislative session, Rosapepe introduced a resolution urging Congress to fund the design and development of a maglev train route connecting Washington, D.C. to Baltimore. In December 2017, he said that he opposed the proposed D.C.-Baltimore maglev train route.
In 1997, Rosapepe supported a bill to ban high-occupancy vehicle lanes on state highways, saying that the lanes made driving more difficult and less safe.
Personal life.
Rosapepe is married to Sheilah A. Kast, a former White House and economics correspondent for ABC News. He is Catholic. In November 2009, Rosapepe and his wife published "Dracula is Dead", a travel literature book that explores the political and social history of Romania during the 20th century.
In late December 2007, Rosapepe was struck by a car in a hit-and-run incident during a business trip in Brussels. He returned to Maryland in early January 2008 with two bone fractures in his right | 4,557,914 | [
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] |
42454206 | Maryland Senator
Frank E. Shipley (1891 – April 1971) was a Maryland state senator from 1955 to 1962.
In 1885, the owners of the Savage Mill leased their house in Savage, Maryland to Frank Shipley's family. Shipley became a general practicing doctor. During World War I, he served in the Army Medical Corps. From 1932-1948 he was the treasurer of Howard County. In 1962, Shipley bypassed the state schoolboard nominating commission recommendation of Fred Schoenbrodt, and installed C.Y. Stephens. In 1971, the Savage Masonic Hall was redecorated as a memorial to Shipley.
Biography.
Frank E. Shipley,
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1974)
Heather Alice Bagnall Tudball (born January 17, 1974) is an American politician from the Democratic Party and is a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing parts of Anne Arundel County. She represented the 33rd district from 2019 to 2023, afterward being redrawn into District 33C.
Early life and career.
Bagnall was born in Washington, D.C. She graduated from Broadneck High School and attended Wagner College and Towson University, where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in theatre performances. She later attended additional studies at The Second City in Chicago.
After graduating from Towson, Bagnall worked as an arts educator at the Holton-Arms School. She also worked as a playwright and staff member for the Disney Cruise Line. In 2011, Bagnall founded Tasty Monster Productions with her partner, Luke Tudball, whom she had met while overseas.
In the legislature.
In February 2018, Bagnall announced that she would run for the Maryland Senate in District 33, challenging incumbent state senator Edward R. Reilly. She later withdrew her candidacy and instead ran for the Maryland House of Delegates. Bagnall won the general election in an upset on November 6, 2018, placing third and edging out incumbent state delegate Tony McConkey by a margin of 185 votes. She is the first Democrat and the first woman to represent District 33 in the Maryland General Assembly since the retirement of state delegate Marsha G. Perry in 1998.
Bagnall was sworn in on January 9, 2019. She is a member of the Health and Government Operations Committee.
Political positions.
Environment.
During the 2021 legislative session, Bagnall introduced legislation that would prohibit landowners from losing riparian rights because of erosion or sea-level rise.
Health care.
During the 2019 legislative session, Bagnall introduced legislation to prohibit non-consensual pelvic or rectal exams on unconscious patients. The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Larry Hogan.
During the 2021 legislative session, Bagnall supported a bill that would allow minors 12-years-old and older to seek mental health care without parental consent. The bill passed and became law without Governor Hogan's signature. In 2023, Bagnall introduced a bill requiring the Maryland Department of Health to cover the cost of certain at-home therapies for children facing complex mental health issues. The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Wes Moore. She also supported legislation to allow organizations to manage overdose prevention sites.
Social issues.
In May 2019, Bagnall attended a rally in Annapolis to protest against heartbeat bills, which ban abortions as soon as a fetal heartbeat is detected.
In June 2020, Bagnall participated in a George Floyd protest in Annapolis.
Taxes.
In February 2020, Bagnall was the only Democrat to vote for an Anne Arundel County bill that would have withheld tax refunds from individuals with outstanding warrants.
Personal life.
Bagnall is married to her husband, Luke Nicholas Dillon-Tudball.
In June 2018, following the Capital Gazette shooting, Bagnall's brother, Jason, became distraught and began ranting about communism, conspiracy theories, and mass shootings. Heather tried to de-escalate the situation when she saw Jason sitting on the edge of his bathtub with a sawed-off shotgun, telling her to leave. She left the house and met up with her father at a nearby shopping center, from where they called 9-1-1. Heather later filed for a protective order against Jason, who was charged with second-degree assault in connection with the incident. During Jason's trial in April 2019, Heather testified that he had threatened her, but not with a gun pointed at her as the police report alleged, and said that the family hoped to get Jason help with what they believed was an undiagnosed mental health condition. The sentencing phase of Jason's trial ended in a hung jury, prompting the judge to declare a mistrial.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
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! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
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! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
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References.
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42454206 | American politician
Donna Stifler (born February 24, 1965) is an American politician who was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 35A, Harford County in 2006 after defeating incumbent Joanne Parrott.
Education.
Stifler attend Bel Air High School. She earned her B.S. from North Carolina State University in 1987.
Career.
After college, Stifler was a pharmaceutical sales representative and also a fifth grade teacher. She is the founder and director of the Bel Air High School Foundation.
She is a member of several organizations including Harford Habitat for Humanity, Harford County Republican Women, the Republican Club of Harford County and the Harford County Chamber of Commerce.
Voters to choose two:
References and notes.
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42454206 | German-American activist and politician (1933–2013)
Werner H. Fornos (November 5, 1933 – January 16, 2013) was a German-American activist and politician. An advocate for global population control, he served as president of the Population Institute.
Life.
Fornos was born Werner Horst Farenhold in Leipzig, Germany, and fled to the United States after World War II. He was adopted by the Fornos family and became an American citizen. Fornos served as a member of the Maryland State House of Delegates from 1967 to 1970 as a Democrat. He ran for the House of representatives in 1972 and 1976, losing.
Werner was awarded the Humanist of the Year in 1991 by the American Humanist Association and the United Nations Population Award in 2003. He died on January 16, 2013, in Basye, Virginia from complications of diabetes.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician and judge (1874–1953)
Samuel King Dennis Jr. (September 28, 1874 – January 11, 1953) was an American politician, judge and lawyer from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Worcester County, from 1904 to 1906.
Early life and education.
Samuel King Dennis Jr. was born on September 28, 1874, at Beverly in Pocomoke City, Maryland, to Sally Handy (née Crisfield) and Samuel K. Dennis. His uncle was Henry Page and his half-uncles were George R. Dennis and James U. Dennis. He attended local public schools and Blairstown Academy in Blairstown, New Jersey. Dennis was admitted to Princeton University, but did not attend due to his father's illness. He returned to the family farm and he later studied stenography. He graduated from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1903. He was admitted to the bar on June 30, 1904, and started practicing law in Baltimore. Later in life, Dennis received a Doctor of Letters degree from Loyola College.
Career.
Dennis served as private secretary to congressman John Walter Smith from 1900 to 1904. He would remain friends with Smith until Smith's death in 1925. He was elected as a Democrat to the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Worcester County, in 1904.
Dennis practiced law in partnership with his cousin John Upshur Dennis. In 1915, he was appointed by President Woodrow Wilson as U.S. Attorney for Maryland. He served from 1915 to 1920. He was appointed chief judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City in August 1928 by Governor Albert Ritchie, succeeding James P. Gorter. He retired from the bench on September 28, 1944, after reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70 and returned to private practice.
Dennis was secretary of the Maryland commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904 and secretary of the Baltimore Jubilee Commission in 1905. He helped found the Maryland Tuberculosis Sanitarium in Sabillasville, Maryland. He served as secretary, treasurer and president of the organization for 23 years. Dennis served as president of the Maryland State Bar Association from 1933 to 1934. He served as the chairman of the American Red Cross, Baltimore chapter, from 1942 to 1945. He also served as vice president of the Maryland Historical Society and director of the Fidelity Trust Company, Eutaw Savings Bank and Fidelity and Deposit Company. He was a Presbyterian and served as trustee of the First Presbyterian Church of Baltimore.
Personal life.
Dennis married Helen Gordon Moore in 1911. They had no children. His friends would call him Sam Dennis.
Dennis died of a heart attack on January 11, 1953, at his home at 100-B Ridgewood Road in Roland Park, Baltimore. He was buried at Druid Ridge Cemetery.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1988)
Vaughn Morton Stewart III (born November 15, 1988) is an American attorney and politician. He is a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 19 in Montgomery County since 2019.
Early life and education.
Stewart was born on November 15, 1988, in Anniston, Alabama to father Vaughn Stewart Jr., who served as the mayor of Anniston from 2012 to 2016, and mother Eva Sproull Andrews. He graduated from The Donoho School and later attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned a bachelor's degree in political science in 2011, and New York University, where he earned a Juris Doctor degree in 2014.
Career.
After graduating from law school, Stewart moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he worked as a law clerk for U.S. District Court Judge John Trice Nixon and as a legal intern for the White House Domestic Policy Council. He later worked as a summer associate with WilmerHale and on pro bono matters, such as legal assistance to refugees. In the summer of 2011, Stewart worked as a staff writer for "The Anniston Star".
Stewart first became involved in politics in 2015 as a policy director for Maryland state senator Jamie Raskin's congressional campaign in Maryland's 8th congressional district. He later served as the treasurer and precinct chairperson of the District 19 Democratic Club, and on the boards of the Action Committee for Transit and the Montgomery County Renters Alliance.
In August 2017, Stewart declared his candidacy for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 19. He came in third place in the Democratic primary, receiving 16.9 percent of the vote. He won the general election with 24 percent of the vote.
In the legislature.
Stewart was sworn into the Maryland General Assembly on January 9, 2019. He has served as member of the Environment and Transportation Committee since 2019, including on its environment subcommittee from 2019 to 2022 and its transportation subcommittee since 2023. In 2022, House Speaker Adrienne A. Jones appointed Stewart to lead the newly created "Progressive Policy Forum" within the House Democratic Caucus. In 2023, Jones appointed Stewart as one of two Chief Majority Whips for the Maryland House of Delegates.
Personal life.
Stewart married Alexandra Tucker Stewart, an attorney at WilmerHale, on May 29, 2016. Their wedding was officiated by U.S. Court of Appeals judge Pamela Harris. Together, they live in Derwood, Maryland and have one child.
Stewart is a two-time cancer survivor. He was diagnosed with salivary gland cancer in 2007 and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2017. Both cancers have since gone into remission.
Political positions.
Health care.
In between chemotherapy treatments, Stewart studied health care policy. He supports proposals to regulate prescription drug manufacturers like public utilities and to create a statewide universal health care system.
Housing.
Stewart introduced legislation during the 2019 legislative session that would increase affordable housing units and condominiums. The bill would ease zoning restrictions for high-density housing, introduce new real-estate transaction fees to fund public housing projects, and allow tenants to terminate leases in cases of unsafe housing or harassment by landlords. The bill was reintroduced during the 2020 and 2022 legislative sessions.
In March 2019, Stewart voted in favor of legislation that would require landlords to give a reason for evicting a tenant. The bill was rejected by the House Environment and Transportation Committee in a 2-17 vote.
During the 2021 legislative session, Stewart introduced a bill that would require landlords that own properties that use well water to test for a series of contaminants every three years.
During the 2022 legislative session, Stewart introduced legislation that would delay an eviction when a tenant can prove they have applied for rental assistance. The bill passed both chambers. He also introduced the "Tenant Protection Act of 2022", which establishes rules and procedures for landlords who give tenants ratio utility bills. The bill passed both chambers and became law without the governor's signature.
During the 2024 legislative session, Stewart introduced a bill to make it easier for tenants to put their rent payments in escrow if their landlord neglects life-threatening defects in their residence.
Immigration.
Stewart introduced the "Dignity Not Detention Act" during the 2021 legislative session, which prohibits jurisdictions from contracting with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to detain undocumented people in local jails. The bill passed, but was vetoed by Governor Larry Hogan. The Legislature voted to override Hogan's veto on December 7, 2021.
Marijuana.
In 2018, Vaughn supported the legalization of marijuana.
Minimum wage.
Stewart co-sponsored legislation introduced during the 2019 legislative session that would raise the state's minimum wage to $15 an hour.
Social issues.
Stewart introduced legislation in the 2020 legislative session to create a multi-state compact to end corporate tax breaks aimed at getting businesses aimed to move across state lines.
In February 2020, Stewart co-sponsored legislation that would investigate the possibility of distributing reparations to the descendants of enslaved Africans.
Stewart introduced legislation during the 2022 legislative session that would prohibit the Governor of Maryland from using apps that automatically destroy text messages. He also introduced legislation that would amend the Constitution of Maryland to set up an ombudsman elected position in Maryland, which would "receive, respond to, and investigate ethics complains" against state officials. The bill did not receive a committee vote.
In May 2022, Stewart attended a protest in Rockville, Maryland against the alleged mistreatment of hundreds of animals at Inotiv's Indiana drug toxicity lab.
Statewide and national politics.
During the 2020 presidential election, Stewart ran to be a national delegate at the Democratic National Convention pledged to Bernie Sanders.
During the 2022 primaries in Maryland, Stewart endorsed Tom Perez for Governor, Brooke Lierman for Comptroller, and Katie O'Malley for Attorney General.
Transportation.
Stewart supports increasing funding for monorail projects, including a proposal that would build a 27-mile monorail line between Shady Grove and Frederick, Maryland.
Stewart introduced legislation during the 2019 legislative session that would increase the minimum fine against drivers who fail to yield to a pedestrian to $150, with fines larger than the minimum amount going toward improving pedestrian safety. The bill passed and became law. He also introduced legislation that would require state-funded highway projects or projects built through public-private partnerships to go through environmental studies.
Electoral history.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
References.
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42454206 | American politician
Edward J. Kasemeyer (born July 18, 1945) is an American politician from Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party. He served for many years in the Maryland State Senate, most recently representing Maryland's district 12 in Baltimore and Howard counties.
Background.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 18, 1945, Kasemeyer attended Western Maryland College. He has been active with the Howard County Association for Retarded Citizens, the Howard County Chamber of Commerce, and the Howard County General Hospital Advisory Board, as well as in the Democratic Party.
In the legislature.
Kasemeyer first served in the Senate as a representative of the 14th district from January 1987 to January 1991, after a single term in the Maryland House of Delegates (elected 1982; served January 1983 to January 1987). Running for re-election to the Senate in 1990, he narrowly lost to Republican Christopher J. McCabe. After redistricting changed the district boundaries, he was elected again to the Senate in 1994, this time from the 12th district. He was re-elected five times. During part of his tenure, Kasemeyer served as the Chair of the Budget and Taxation Committee.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician
Harry C. Lawder (March 4, 1844 – March 7, 1921) was an American politician and merchant in Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1906 to 1910.
Early life.
Harry C. Lawder was born on March 4, 1844, on a farm in Harford County, Maryland, to Eliza (née Miller) and Samuel Lawder. He attended public schools in Harford County.
Career.
Lawder was a meat and produce merchant. Lawder was appointed as officer of registration for Havre de Grace in 1886. He served as engrossing clerk of the Maryland Senate in 1900.
Lawder was a Democrat. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Havre de Grace district of Harford County, from 1906 to 1910. In May 1914, Lawder was appointed postmaster of Havre de Grace. He resigned as postmaster in April 1918.
Personal life.
Lawder married Esther Roxanna Moore, daughter of Captain William Moore and descendant of John O'Neill, on February 29, 1876. They had seven children, Frederick C., Bessie M., Harry C. Jr., William M., May J., Murray Vandiver and Robert R. His son Robert R. was a member of the Maryland Senate and Maryland House of Delegates, and as mayor of Havre de Grace. Lawder was a member of St. John's Episcopal Church.
Lawder died on March 7, 1921.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American real estate developer (1841–1907)
Benjamin Franklin Gilbert (1841–1907), an American real estate developer, was the founder of Takoma Park, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C., and the city's first mayor. Gilbert was born in De Ruyter, Madison County, New York.
Life.
Gilbert served in the New York State Assembly during the Civil War. Gilbert later arrived in Washington, D.C., at the end of the Civil War and found work at the National Hotel as a clerk. He later opened a luncheon establishment named The Temperance located between 9th and 10th Streets in the Northwest quadrant of the city. During that time he became an associate of Alexander "Boss" Shepherd. Financial losses during the Panic of 1873 resulted in a move to Dunellen, New Jersey and the accumulation of a fortune in real estate.
After returning to Washington he began to acquire land for Takoma Park. His first purchase was in the spring of 1884 when he bought the Grammar farm. Gilbert purchased most of its land himself, about around the B&O Railroad tracks. He named the area Takoma, using the Indian word for exalted place. He was elected mayor upon the city's incorporation in 1890. He dreamed of creating "a fashionable suburb for Washington bureaucrats and a sylvan resort community where Washington's wealthiest families could escape the unhealthy summer air in the capital." Selling lots for five cents a square foot, Gilbert emphasized the beauty and peacefulness of the local environment, and was especially proud of the pure waters of the local Sligo Creek, which he thought would bring health benefits to residents. Losses due to the Depression of 1893 led to a change in Gilbert's financial standing. He declined to seek reelection as mayor in 1894.
His daughter, Margaret Gilbert Jamison, wrote of him:
Although he made a great deal of money in early and middle life, he was essentially an idealist rather than a cold, calculating money grabber. He devoted a great deal more of his time and energy to persuading people with children to buy a lot and build a home in a pleasant place like Takoma Park than he did in trying to persuade wealthier people to invest their money in his subdivisions.
He suffered from a stroke in 1901 and spent the rest of his life gravely ill. He died in 1907.
Notes.
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42454206 | American politician (born 1964)
Jill Priscilla Carter (born June 18, 1964) is an American politician and attorney who was a member of the Maryland Senate from 2018 to 2025, representing the 41st district in Baltimore. She previously represented the district in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2003 until her resignation in 2017.
Early life and education.
Carter is the daughter of the late Walter P. Carter, a civil rights activist and leader in the desegregation movement in Maryland in the 1960s and early 1970s. Her mother, Zerita Joy Carter, was a public school teacher specializing in Early Childhood Education. Carter graduated Western High School in Baltimore. Carter received her B.A. in English from Loyola College in Maryland in 1988 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Baltimore School of Law in 1992.
Career.
After graduating from the University of Baltimore, Carter served as a clerk to Baltimore City Circuit Court Judge Kenneth L. Johnson until 1993, afterwards working at various law firms before practicing law as a sole practitioner in 1998. In the same year, she also founded the Walter P. Carter Foundation.
Political involvement.
Carter has been involved in politics since she was young, when she campaigned for Parren Mitchell.
Maryland House of Delegates.
In 2002, Carter ran for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 41. She won the Democratic primary in September 2002, placing first with 18.2 percent and ousting incumbent state delegate Wendell F. Phillips. She won the general election and was sworn in on January 8, 2003. During her tenure in the House of Delegates, she was a member of the Judiciary Committee.
Carter has often been referred to as a lone voice in the wilderness for her challenges to established politicians on matters of adequate housing for the poor, lead poisoning of children, to adequately fund public education, both in the legislature, and in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, and, in 2007, calling for a special session of the legislature to deal with the BGE utility rate increase.
In 2016, Carter served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, pledged to U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders. Following the convention, she endorsed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, saying that the prospect of a Trump presidency left her with no other option.
On December 30, 2016, Carter resigned from the Maryland House of Delegates to become the director of the Baltimore Office of Civil Rights and Wage Enforcement under Baltimore mayor Catherine Pugh. In this capacity, she handled citizens' law enforcement-related complaints and oversaw the implementation of the Civilian Review Board.
2007 Baltimore mayoral campaign.
On January 16, 2007, Carter announced her candidacy in the 2007 Baltimore mayoral election, seeking to succeed Martin O'Malley following his election as governor of Maryland. Her platform included promises to replace the entire police command staff within the Baltimore Police Department, increase the city's education funding to 20 percent of its budget, and creating an advisory panel of former police commissioners. Carter was defeated by incumbent mayor Sheila Dixon in the Democratic primary on September 11, 2007, placing fourth with 2.8 percent of the vote.
Maryland Senate.
In February 2018, Carter filed to run for the Maryland Senate in District 41, challenging incumbent state senator Nathaniel T. Oaks, who had been indicted on federal corruption charges. In the primary election, she sought to position herself as an outsider and an "independent voice" in the legislature, citing her participation in the "Take a Hike, Mike" rally outside the Maryland State House opposing Senate president Thomas V. Miller Jr. Her campaign was backed by Catherine Pugh, Bernard C. Young, and various local pastors and labor unions.
After Oaks resigned from the state senate in March 2018, Carter applied and was nominated alongside central committee member Joyce J. Smith by the Baltimore City Democratic Central Committee to fill the remainder of his term. She was appointed by Governor Larry Hogan on April 30, 2018, and sworn in on May 4 after resigning as director of the Office of Civil Rights and Wage Enforcement. She won the Democratic primary in June 2018, defeating J. D. Merrill, the son-in-law of former Governor Martin O'Malley with 54.9 percent of the vote.
Carter was a member of the Judicial Proceedings Committee.
In December 2024, Carter announced that she would resign from the Maryland Senate on January 3, 2025, after Governor Wes Moore appointed her to the Maryland State Board of Contract Appeals.
2020 7th congressional district elections.
On November 18, 2019, Carter announced her candidacy in the 2020 Maryland's 7th congressional district special election to succeed U.S. Representative Elijah Cummings after his death in October 2019. During the Democratic primary, she sought to position herself a progressive, running on a platform that included Medicare for All, the Green New Deal, and ending U.S. involvement in foreign wars. She was defeated in the Democratic primary by former U.S. Representative Kweisi Mfume, placing third with 16 percent of the vote. Following her defeat, she said she would run in the regular election for the district, in which she again placed third with 8.7 percent of the vote.
Political positions.
Criminal justice and policing.
Prior to her re-election in 2006, she became a vocal critic of then mayor (and later Governor) Martin O'Malley's "failed policing policies". She posited that the so-labeled, zero tolerance, arrest strategy failed to cause significant reduction in a soaring crime rate in Baltimore City, but, rather, pressured police officers to make tens of thousands of arrests that did not produce criminal charges. She also called for a federal investigation into Baltimore Police Department practices.
In 2014, Carter introduced "Christopher's Law", a bill named for Baltimore County teen Christopher Brown, who died after being tackled by a police officer in 2012, that would require police officers to be trained in CPR. The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor O'Malley.
During the 2019 legislative session, Carter introduced legislation to limit when employers could ask about a job applicant's criminal record. The bill passed and became law after the legislature overrode Governor Larry Hogan's veto. She also introduced "Anton's Law", a bill that reformed the Maryland Public Information Act, to require transparency in investigations of complaints against law enforcement officers.
Carter was a vocal critic against a 2019 bill that would allow Johns Hopkins University to establish its own private police force, and was one of two state senators to vote against the bill in the Maryland Senate. In 2021, amid the George Floyd protests, she called for hearings on the repeal of the JHU police authorization bill. In July 2021, after JHU announced that it would move forward with its plans to create a private police force, Carter called the university's decision a "terrible miscalculation" that was "tone deaf" to the concerns raised by students, faculty, and community members.
In 2020, Carter voted against the Violent Firearms Offenders Act, a bill introduced by Governor Hogan to strengthen penalties on gun offenders, criticizing it as "more of the same old tough-on-crime mentality that has failed to reduce crime over the long term". She also introduced a bill to increase state funding for violence intervention programs to at least $3 million annually, which passed but was vetoed by Hogan; the legislature overrode his veto during the 2021 legislative session.
During the 2021 legislative session, Carter introduced legislation to repeal the Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights. She voted against the bill in committee after a provision allowing police departments to hand disciplinary decisions over to an independent civilian oversight board was removed. The bill passed and became law after the legislature overrode Governor Hogan's veto of the bill. She also reintroduced Anton's Law, which passed and became law; and introduced another bill to implement a statewide police use of force policy; and supported a bill to limit no-knock warrants.
In 2022, Carter introduced a bill that would reform the state's juvenile sentencing rules, including a ban on confinement for first-time misdemeanor offenses unless a crime involved a gun, and prohibited police from interrogating children without first allowing them to speak to an attorney. The bill passed and became law without Governor Hogan's signature. She also introduced a bill to require police officers convicted of a crime committed while on duty to forfeit all or part of their pensions.
During the 2023 legislative session, Carter introduced a bill that would require private security guards to be licensed by the state, and establish minimum training standards for security agencies. The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Wes Moore. She also introduced a bill that would repeal a law that automatically charges minors as adults with serious crimes, which failed to move out of committee.
Education.
During the 2004 legislative session, Carter introduced a bill to expand the Baltimore school board from nine members to thirteen, including five appointed members and seven elected members.
Gun control.
In March 2013, Carter said she supported Governor Martin O'Malley's bill to ban assault-type rifles and require a license to purchase a handgun.
In April 2016, after the Baltimore police shot a 14-year-old boy carrying a BB gun that resembled a pistol, Carter introduced legislation to ban the manufacture and sale of imitation guns.
During the 2023 legislative session, Carter opposed an Ivan Bates-backed bill to increase penalties for illegal gun possession. During debate on the bill, she introduced an amendment to allow people convicted on illegal gun possession charges to apply for probation before judgment, which initially passed before being removed from the bill following a motion for reconsideration.
Health care.
During the 2009 legislative session, Carter introduced legislation to prohibit the closure of the Walter P Carter Center psychiatric hospital.
Carter supports Medicare for All. In 2020, she and state delegate Gabriel Acevero introduced a bill to establish a universal single-payer health care system in Maryland.
Marijuana.
In 2019, Carter voted against a bill to loosen ownership limits on marijuana dispensaries, expressing concern that the bill did not consider the state's equity goals.
In 2021, Carter introduced a bill that would decriminalize the possession of marijuana paraphernalia, and later said she was "heartbroken" after the bill did not come up for a veto override vote following Governor Larry Hogan's veto. During the 2022 legislative session, Carter introduced legislation to legalize recreational marijuana. She voted against a bill establishing a ballot referendum to legalize recreational marijuana in Maryland, saying that she believed it was more important to "hammer out details of licensing and community reparation funds". In 2023, after voters approved of Question 4, Carter expressed concern with equity within the marijuana industry. She also introduced a bill to ban vehicle searches based on cannabis odor, which passed and became law without Governor Wes Moore's signature.
Social issues.
In October 2002, Carter appeared in an ad to support Question P, a referendum to reduce the size of the Baltimore City Council.
During the 2011 legislative session, Carter co-sponsored the Civil Marriage Protection Act, which would legalize same-sex marriage in Maryland. However, she staged a walkout during a committee vote on the bill, which she said was to draw attention to "more important, or at least equally important" issues of education funding cuts in Baltimore and child custody in divorces. She did not co-sponsor the bill when it was reintroduced in 2012, but voted for it when it came up for a vote in the House. During the 2023 legislative session, she introduced a bill to prohibit discrimination against transgender and intersex individuals in state prisons.
In June 2015, Carter signed onto a letter calling for the renaming of Robert E. Lee Park. In 2016, Carter introduced a bill to destroy the Roger B. Taney Monument at the Maryland State House. She later amended the bill to send the statue to the Maryland State Archives.
During the 2019 legislative session, Carter introduced a bill to prohibit University of Maryland Medical System board members from holding no-bid contracts with the system. The bill helped prompt the "Baltimore Sun"'s investigation, which found that nine UMMS board members, including Baltimore mayor Catherine Pugh, had business deals worth hundreds of thousands of dollars with the hospital network, the bill unanimously passed the Maryland General Assembly and was signed into law by Governor Larry Hogan. After Pugh resigned amid the UMMS contracts controversy, Carter said that she had made a "mistake" in endorsing Pugh in 2016.
In April 2019, Carter joined Republicans in voting against a bill to eliminate the statute of limitations on child sexual assault lawsuits, causing it to deadlock in committee. She later voted against the bill on | 4,557,924 | [
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42454206 | American politician (died 1959)
Abram Gorsuch Ensor (died June 30, 1959) was a politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland Senate from 1927 to 1933.
Early life.
Abram Gorsuch Ensor was born to Mollie (née Gorsuch) and John E. Ensor.
Career.
Ensor was a Democrat. Ensor served in the Maryland Senate, representing Harford County, from 1927 to 1933.
Ensor helped organize the Harford County Farm Bureau. He served as secretary-treasurer of the organization for 25 years. He served as director and secretary of the Harford County Farm Fair Association. Ensor served as master of the Maryland State Grange from 1925 to 1933. Ensor served as president of the Forest Hill State Bank.
Personal life.
Ensor married Florence Whitaker of Forest Hill, Maryland, on June 3, 1905.
Ensor died on June 30, 1959, at the age of 79, at his home in Forest Hill.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (died 1937)
John W. Bouchelle (died May 29, 1937) was an American politician and farmer from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Cecil County, from 1916 to 1917 and 1927 to 1930.
Early life.
John W. Bouchelle was born to Augustus J. Bouchelle, son of John W. Bouchelle. Bouchelle studied law, but did not practice.
Career.
Buchelle worked as a farmer. Bouchelle was a Democrat. Bouchelle served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Cecil County, from 1916 to 1917 and 1927 to 1930.
Personal life.
Bouchelle did not marry. Bouchelle died on May 29, 1937, at a sanitorium near Salisbury, Maryland. He was buried at Bethel Cemetery in Chesapeake City.
References.
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42454206 | Goucher College is a private liberal arts college in Towson, Maryland. It was originally established in 1885 as a women's college and became coeducational in 1986.
The following is an incomplete list of prominent Goucher people.
Presidents.
Since its founding, Goucher has had a total of 18 presidents, five of whom were acting. The college's longest-serving president was Rhoda Dorsey, who held the position for 20 years.
;templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" / ; Acting president (*)
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 4,557,927 | [
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1984)
Malcolm Peter Ruff (born April 18, 1984) is an American politician and attorney who has served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from District 41 since 2023.
Ruff is a member of the Democratic Party as well as an associate with the law firm Murphy, Falcon & Murphy, which is managed by prominent civil rights attorney Billy Murphy Jr. He has been described as a protégé of Murphy.
Early life and education.
Ruff was born in Baltimore on April 18, 1984. He grew up in the Park Heights neighborhood of Baltimore, and spent his summers on a small family-owned farm in Harford County, Maryland. Ruff graduated from the Gilman School in 2002, where he was considered a track and football standout. He later attended Duke University, where he played for the Duke Blue Devils football team and earned a bachelor's degree in African and African American studies in 2006. Ruff later attended the University of Baltimore School of Law, where he earned a Juris Doctor degree in 2012. While at the University of Baltimore, he was one of only six students nationwide selected for the NAACP-Kellogg's Law Fellow program.
Legal career.
Ruff has been a member of the Maryland Bar since 2012. He began his legal career as an assistant state's attorney in Baltimore and Baltimore County, where he prosecuted criminal cases. From 2014 to 2018, he worked as a trial attorney for the Saller & Biship law firm. Afterwards, Ruff became a partner at the Murphy, Falcon & Murphy law firm. In this position, he has represented several victims of police brutality and wrongful death matters, including in the cases of Jordan McNair, William Green, Quinton Burns, Taizier Griffin, Renardo Green, Zayne Abdullah, and Demonte Ward-Blake.
Outside of his legal career, Ruff is the founder of the Pagya Project, a non-profit to support residents of underserved communities and to address homelessness and street violence in Baltimore.
In February 2023, Ruff participated in and spoke at a Tyre Nichols protest at Festival Park in Aberdeen, Maryland, where he read a list of names of African Americans killed in police encounters and suggested that police agencies "clean house".
In the legislature.
In May 2023, following the appointment of state delegate Tony Bridges as the Assistant Secretary for the Maryland Department of Transportation, Ruff applied to fill the vacancy left by his resignation in the Maryland House of Delegates. In June 2023, the Baltimore City Democratic Central Committee voted to send Governor Wes Moore the names of both Ruff and former state delegate Angela Gibson for consideration to fill the vacancy. On June 18, 2023, Moore appointed Ruff to fill the vacancy. He was sworn in on July 6, 2023.
House speaker Adrienne A. Jones assigned Ruff to the Appropriations committee and he is also a member of the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland and the Baltimore City Delegation.
In January 2025, after state senator Jill P. Carter resigned following her nomination to the Maryland State Board of Contract Appeals, Ruff applied to fill the remainder of Carter's term in the Maryland Senate. Ruff was backed by Carter and Baltimore lawyer Billy Murphy Jr. The Baltimore City Democratic Central Committee voted 5–3 to nominate Dalya Attar to the seat later that month.
Personal life.
Ruff lives in Baltimore. He is married to his wife, Sydnee, and has four children. He is a member of the Heritage United Church of Christ.
References.
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] |
42454206 | David Andrew Farrow (born January 10, 1975) is a two-time Canadian Guinness World Record Holder for Most Decks of Playing Cards Memorized in a Single Sighting, entrepreneur, memory coach, speed reader and keynote speaker. He is best known for winning the Guinness World Records for Most Decks of Playing Cards Memorized in a Single Sighting in 1996 and again in 2007 when he set out to reclaim his record after it was beaten in 2002. The initial record was set at the Guinness World Records museum in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada while the latter was performed for Discovery Channel Canada at CTV Television Network studios. Both records were accomplished under the controlled supervision of multiple cameras and multiple independent witnesses.
Early life.
Dave Farrow was born on January 10, 1975, in Kitchener, Ontario, to Wayne and Virginia Farrow. Born into a blue-collar family, his father Wayne is a retired factory worker, who dealt in space shuttle parts and his mother Virginia is a homemaker. After resuscitating him twice during birth, doctors offered a bleak prognosis, suggesting Farrow was unlikely to survive past his first year due to the numerous health problems that would plague his infancy and childhood. He was constantly in and out of the hospital during his formative years, which affected his studies and severely impacted his learning.
Despite experiencing this setback, Farrow was able to catch up on schoolwork through independent study. Although he went beyond the curriculum coursework and completed the requirements for the following year, the school refused his request to skip a grade. Farrow eventually got bored and started skipping school. His truancy coupled with his medical issues started to play a toll on his academia and by middle school; he fell behind the learning curve. He was told by one of his teachers that would not amount to anything in life and that he would end up in the blue-collar industry like his father. In addition, Farrow was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia. The doctors recommended that he be put on a consistent course of Ritalin but his mother refused. Following this decision, Farrow decided to take matter into his own hands and began exploring behavior modification approaches to manage his disability. He started going to the library on a frequent basis to expand his knowledge and coming up with memory methods to combat his ADHD and dyslexia through self-taught speed reading and memorizing. This created the foundation of what was later to be known as The Farrow Method. At the age of 14, Farrow was enrolled into Eastwood Collegiate Institute, a public high school in Kitchener. It was there that he started improving his grades dramatically and graduated from high school with perfect distinction and continued on to become a successful businessman.
Farrow has an older sister, Kathy, who was born in September 1973. Growing up, he and his family would go to their family cottage at Biscotasi Lake Provincial Park in Biscotasing, Ontario, on a regular basis for family vacations. The family trips to the outdoors helped build his passion for wilderness survival and hiking.
Guinness World Records.
At the age of 21, Farrow received his first Guinness World Record for Most Decks of Playing Cards Memorized in a Single Sighting in 1996 where he memorized the order of 52 decks of playing cards, randomly shuffled together, and recalled them correctly under Guinness Record rules (a total of 2704 cards) in a single sighting. This feat was accomplished at the Guinness World Records museum in Niagara Falls, Ontario and is featured in the Guinness Book of World Records, 1997 edition. Years later in 2002, Dominic O'Brien broke his record by memorizing 54 decks of cards. By this time, Farrow was able to easily break the record again in 2007.
He memorized on single sighting, a random sequence of 59 separate packs of cards (3,068 cards), which took around 14 hours to memorize. Farrow later recalled these cards at CTV Studios, "Daily Planet" in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on April 2, 2007, and the recall took approximately 9 hours. While undertaking this feat, Farrow made just one mistake during the entire attempt, which he corrected without any external assistance. This successful record is currently featured in the Guinness Book of World Records, 2009 edition, and remains unbroken to this day. What makes this record challenging is that participants can only see each card once with zero repetition and they are only allowed 0.5% errors while many other records allow a much high error rate. Therefore, this record is currently considered the most difficult memory feat for volume and accuracy of memory.
Sony Reader Revolution.
In October 2008, Sony Corporation invited Farrow to participate in a publicity campaign for their just announced PRS-700 Sony Reader. As part of their Reader Revolution campaign, Farrow lived in the DataVision store window on Fifth Avenue, New York City for 30 days. The Reader Revolution campaign was an effort to promote the newest version of the Sony Reader and to increase the engagement of the general public in digital reading. Sony promised that for each page Farrow read, Sony would give a set of 100 E-book classics to an education institution. The goal was to eventually give 15 million E-book titles to various schools by the end of the program. During the campaign, Farrow read a total of 44,097 pages, which translates to 102 books.
Career.
After gaining international attention for his 1996 Guinness World Record accomplishment, Farrow continued to utilize his own memory techniques and skills to educate himself in the field of nanotechnology. His passion in nanotechnology led him to speaking at conferences across North America, in front of the research division of Johnson & Johnson and to members of the White House Task Force, as well as being featured in a nanotechnology trade magazine. Building on this success, Farrow founded the nanotechnology company, Accella Scientific Inc. In 2003 where he was involved in a U.S. patent filing for a reliable hand-held HIV diagnostics device that he hopes to bring to market and change the way HIV is tested in developing countries. In 2010, Farrow founded Farrow Inc., which as of 2015[ [update]] has subsidiaries Farrow Memory, FarrowPR and Farrowbot.
FarrowPR, a public relations firm based in Buffalo, New York, was founded in 2012 and offers speaker services, sales training, media coaching, corporate and individual branding, social media and digital marketing, media and public relations services, and event management.
Dave developed the Farrow Memory System to learn and memorize things faster. The Farrow Memory is a unique memory course that consists of ancient and neuroscientific memory techniques that help people retain memory for a long time. The Farrow Method is proven to be 3x more effective than other learning methods in a double-blind neuroscience study at McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
The training is available for people of all ages, from kids, students to professionals. The course even helps people with ADHD and dyslexia improve their learning and memory.
Farrow Memory Kids Edition: This edition is geared toward young children under 5–10 years of age. The Kid's edition is created with an aim to help foster proper memory training methods from a young age. The course includes all the essential learning that allows kids to absorb information from their surroundings and retain it in their long-term memory. You can find more information at Farrow Memory Kids Edition.
Farrow Memory Students Edition is a part of the Farrow Memory training developed specifically for school and university students. In this course, Dave aims to help students grasp concepts learned in the classroom and retain them in the long term. Students will find unique memory techniques in this edition that will help them ace their exams. In addition to this, there are also techniques for students that experience brain fog while taking the exam. You can find more information at Farrow Memory Student's Edition.
Farrow Memory Professional Edition: This edition is developed with the aim to help professionals improve memory. Professionals cannot afford errors in their work. But, when you have difficulties remembering, even simple tasks seem herculean. Farrow Memory Professionals Edition introduces memory techniques and brain exercises to prevent cognitive decline. It also helps to advance your career by learning what is needed in a fraction of the time. You can find more information at Farrow Memory Professional Edition.
World Memory Tournament Federation.
The World Memory Tournament Federation (WMTF) is an educational initiative cofounded by Dave Farrow and Sergio Gonzalez. It aims to improve the memory of students and to "democratize practical memory and empower lifelong learning" by encouraging the establishments of World Memory Tournament Clubs in schools across the globe as an extracurricular club with materials provided by the WMTF. The World Memory Tournament Federation also provides an online platform for members belonging to clubs located in various regions to come together and compete in memory tournaments set by the MTF. The WMTF has 30 clubs in 7 countries and are currently organizing national competitions in Canada, the United States and South Africa.
Personal life.
Farrow first met his wife, Andrea Lee Zakel at Toronto's Polaris Star Trek convention in 2004. They were legally married in 2008 at Toronto City Hall and had their wedding at Backus Mill Heritage and Conservation Centre. They currently live in Buffalo, New York and have one son, Alexander, born in April 2014. | 4,557,929 | [
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] |
42454206 | American politician (1904–1982)
George Arnold Pfaffenbach (September 22, 1904 – June 21, 1982) was an American politician and lawyer from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1935 to 1937.
Early life.
George Arnold Pfaffenbach was born on September 22, 1904, in Havre de Grace, Maryland, to Mary Ann Martin (née Pearson) and George Pfaffenbach. His father was a lumberman and worked for the ordnance department at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Pfaffenbach graduated from Havre de Grace High School in 1921 and graduated from Beacom College in 1922. He graduated from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1926 with a Bachelor of Laws. He was admitted to the bar on December 14, 1926.
Career.
Pfaffenbach started practicing law in Havre de Grace. He also had a real estate and insurance business called The Maryland Company with Omer L. Carson. In 1929, Pfaffenbach became secretary of the Havre de Grace Chamber of Commerce.
Pfaffenbach was a Democrat. Pfaffenbach served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1935 to 1937.
Pfaffenbach was also a secretary and attorney of The Columbian Building Association starting in 1940. He was secretary and treasurer of Angel Hill Cemetery in Havre de Grace.
Personal life.
Pfaffenbach was an organist of Grace Reformed Episcopal Church. He was a vestryman and Sunday School superintendent.
In July 1971, Pfaffenbach's law office was robbed and Pfaffenbach was shot in the side. Pfaffenbach died on June 21, 1982. He was buried at Angel Hill Cemetery in Havre de Grace.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1937)
Joseph Thomas Ferraracci (July 31, 1937 – August 25, 2023) was an American politician who was a member of the Maryland Senate representing the 8th district from 2002 to 2003.
Ferraracci was appointed to the position of State Senator for District 8, which covers portions of Baltimore County, Maryland and Baltimore, by former Maryland Governor Parris Glendening when John R. Schneider died. Ferraracci was the third in a series of quick successions to the position. Earlier in 2002, Thomas L. Bromwell resigned the same seat to accept a position with the Maryland Injured Workers Insurance Fund. Schneider was appointed as his replacement, who as mentioned previously, died less than 2 months after his appointment. Ferraracci was appointed to serve out the remainder of the term. He did not seek election in the next Democratic primary. Eventually, by 2002 Kathy Klausmeier had won the primary and general election, and by 2003 was sworn in.
During his career, Ferraracci was a member of the U.S. Army Reserves for eleven years. He has been a member of the Baltimore County Democratic Central Committee since 1982, serving as chair from 1994 to 1996 and since 2002.
Ferraracci ran for Orphans Court in 2006, but received the fewest votes of the 11 candidates that ran for the position.
Ferraracci died on August 25, 2023.
References.
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42454206 | The 2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election was held on February 1, 2025, at the party's winter meeting in National Harbor, Maryland, to determine the next chairperson of the Democratic National Committee (DNC). Jaime Harrison did not seek a second term as chair of the party. Ken Martin won the election on the first ballot with 246.5 votes.
Background.
Harrison was elected chair of the Democratic National Committee in January 2021, following the presidential election of Joe Biden in 2020. During his tenure, Harrison defended Biden from calls to suspend his 2024 re-election campaign amid the first 2024 presidential debate. Following the 2024 United States presidential election, in which Democratic vice president Kamala Harris was defeated by Republican former president Donald Trump, it was reported that Harrison would not seek re-election as chair of the Democratic National Committee in 2025. An all-staff meeting was held on November 6, 2024, to discuss the results of the election and a potential timeline for a leadership vote, which was initially scheduled to occur by March 1, 2025 at the latest, according to party bylaws.
Harrison officially announced that he would not seek re-election as DNC chair on November 25, 2024. The election to determine the next chair was held during the party's winter meeting on February 1, 2025, during which 448 DNC members voted on a chair; a simple majority of votes was required to win.
Candidates.
In order to qualify as a candidate for chair, prospective candidates had to submit a nominating statement signed by 40 DNC members by January 25, 2025.
Forums and debates.
The party hosted forums for candidates, who will need to submit the signatures of 40 DNC members to participate in forums. Each of the forums were livestreamed. All declared candidates qualified to attend the forums, however, Robert Houton was barred from attending any forums by outgoing DNC chair Jamie Harrison after making several positive statements about President Donald Trump and several contributions to Republican candidates.
Endorsements.
;templatestyles src="Endorsements box/styles.css"/ ;Ken Martin
;templatestyles src="Endorsements box/styles.css"/ ;Martin O'Malley
;templatestyles src="Endorsements box/styles.css"/ ;Faiz Shakir
;templatestyles src="Endorsements box/styles.css"/ ;Ben Wikler
;templatestyles src="Endorsements box/styles.css"/ ;Declined to endorse
;templatestyles src="Endorsements box/styles.css"/ ;Jonathan Jackson "(undeclared)"
;templatestyles src="Endorsements box/styles.css"/ ;James Skoufis "(withdrawn)"
;templatestyles src="Endorsements box/styles.css"/ ;Rahm Emanuel "(declined to run)"
Results.
Of the 428 votes cast, Martin won 246.5 votes, Wikler won 134.5 votes, O'Malley won 44 votes, Shakir won two votes and Paul received one.
;templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" / ; Candidate secured enough votes to win election
;templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" / ; Candidate secured a plurality of votes in the round
;templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" / ; Candidate withdrew
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician
Walter Mitchell Digges (February 17, 1877 – October 5, 1934) was an American lawyer, judge, and delegate in the Maryland General Assembly in Maryland, United States. He was a member of the Democratic Party, and served as a Justice of the state's high court, the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1923 to 1934.
Biography.
Digges was part of a prominent Maryland family. He was born on February 17, 1877, in Charles County, Maryland, to Dr. John T. Digges and his wife Catherine, née Mitchell. He studied at Charlotte Hall Military Academy, Maryland Agricultural College (a predecessor of the University of Maryland), and Maryland Law School, from which he graduated in 1902. He was admitted to the Maryland bar the same year.
Digges, a Democrat, beat Republican Sydney Mudd II in a close race to become a member of the Maryland House of Delegates and served from 1910 until 1912. In 1910, he tried to pass the Digges Amendment, which would have barred African Americans from voting. It was co-sponsored by William J. Frere, also from Charles County, in the Maryland Senate.
Digges had a law partnership with Walter Jenifer Mitchell until 1923, when Digges was appointed to the bench as a judge on the Maryland Court of Appeals. By 1933 he was Chief Judge of the 7th Judicial Circuit Court. He was president of the Maryland State Bar Association at the time of his death.
Digges was for some time a Naval Officer of Customs for the Department of Customs at the Port of Baltimore.
Personal life.
Digges married Mary Natalie Jenkins and they had four children: Eleanor Jenkins Digges, John Dudley Digges, Walter Mitchell Digges Jr., and Edward Simms Digges. He died on October 5, 1934, at his home in La Plata and was buried in the town after a service at the Christ Episcopal Church on October 18. His house, constructed for him in 1914-1915 and variously called "Chillum" and "Chilham", is of historic importance. Its name is derived from Chilham in England, from whence his ancestors came.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American baseball player (born 1941)
Robert Patrick Jarvis (born March 18, 1941) is an American former professional baseball player. He was a Major League Baseball (MLB) starting pitcher who played eight seasons for the Atlanta Braves and the Montreal Expos from 1966 to 1973 in the National League.
Career.
Jarvis was born in Carlyle, Illinois and attended Carlyle High School. He pitched collegiately at Murray State University. Originally signed by the Chicago Cubs, he was traded to the Braves in 1963 and was voted that team's top rookie for 1966.
Over a four-season span from 1967–70, Jarvis was one of the National League's top starting pitchers, winning 60 games. He was Atlanta's starting pitcher in Game 3 of the 1969 National League Championship Series, played at Shea Stadium in New York City. A first-inning Hank Aaron home run staked Jarvis to a 2-0 lead, but he ended up the losing pitcher in a 7-4 defeat to the New York Mets. He surrendered Ernie Banks' 500th career MLB home run in the second inning of the Braves' 11-inning 4–3 loss to the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field on May 12, 1970.
Jarvis won just 19 games in his final three seasons before ending his career with the Montreal Expos in 1973. He had been traded from the Braves to the Expos for Carl Morton on February 28, 1973. He was dealt from the Expos to the Texas Rangers for Larry Biittner on December 20, 1973.
Standing tall and weighing , he gained the nickname "The Little Bulldog" during his time in the major league.
After retiring from baseball, Jarvis served in several government positions in the state of Georgia, including Sheriff of DeKalb County. In 1999 he was convicted of fraud and served 15 months in federal prison. He currently runs an organic nursery in Rutledge, Georgia.
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1942)
John W. Douglass (born March 19, 1942) is an American former politician in the state of Maryland. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates as a Democrat from the 45th district from 1971 to 1995 during which time he resided in Baltimore. He did not run for re-election in 1994.
Early life and career.
Douglass was born in Princess Anne, Maryland on March 19, 1942. He attended Lincoln University, where he earned an A.B. degree cum laude in 1964, and Johns Hopkins University, where he earned a M.A. degree in 1966. After graduating, he worked as a clerk to the Baltimore City Council from 1967 to 1968.
After retiring from the Maryland House of Delegates, Douglass worked as the Deputy Director for the State Department of Assessments and Taxation.
In the legislature.
Douglass was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates in 1971.
In 1977, Douglass testified against a proposal to convert an old Baltimore factory into a medium security prison to relieve severe overcrowding in the state's prisons, saying that he opposed the location of the prison because of the secretive nature of the negotiations and the threat it posed to nearby communities.
In 1985, Douglass voted to kill a proposal made by Governor Harry Hughes that would ease the state's restrictions on the public funding of abortions. He also voted to kill legislation that would limit the amount that political action committees could contribute to political campaigns.
Run for state comptroller.
In 1975, Douglass unsuccessfully ran for Comptroller of Maryland. He ran again in 1979, again being defeated in the Democratic primary. In 1983, shortly after Hyman A. Pressman announced he would seek another term as Comptroller, Douglass declared that he would again run for Comptroller.
Run for state treasurer.
In 1987, Douglass applied become the next Maryland State Treasurer, but withdrew his candidacy after forming a coalition with Lucille Maurer, who agreed to appoint Douglass as her chief deputy treasurer in exchange for the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland's votes.
In 1995, Douglass again ran for State Treasurer against Lucille Maurer. He received the support of 45 of the state's delegates and senators, but lost the election to Maurer.
In 2002, Douglass again for State Treasurer following the retirement of Richard N. Dixon.
In November 2021, Douglass applied become the next Maryland State Treasurer following the retirement of Nancy Kopp on December 17, 2021. Delegate Dereck E. Davis was elected State Treasurer on December 9, 2021.
References.
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42454206 | American politician (1936–2008)
James Robert Hooper (July 27, 1936 – January 24, 2008) was an American politician who served on the Maryland Senate from 1999 to 2007.
Education.
Hooper attended Bel Air High School in Bel Air, Maryland.
Career.
Hooper owned Harford Sanitation Services, which he founded with his father in 1954 and was operated after his death until its sale by his son Bobby Ray Hooper and his daughter, Cindy Hushon. He was a member of the Harford County, Aberdeen and Havre de Grace chambers of commerce, as well as the Route 40 Business Association. He also served on the board of directors for the Salvation Army of Harford County from 1986 until his death.
Political career.
Hooper served as a member of the Harford County Council from 1982 until 1990. He was elected to the Maryland Senate in 1998. He was sworn in on January 13, 1999, to represent District 35 in Harford County. The hallmark of his work was constituent service.
Hooper announced on November 14, 2007, that he was resigning his Senate seat due to poor health. The resignation took effect on December 31, 2007. He recommended and was replaced by State Delegate Barry Glassman.
Hooper was lovingly known among the Senate's pages as Senator "High Five" Hooper because he would walk into session every day and run down the line of pages and give them high-fives. He was even known to do this among his fellow senators. Hooper's unique way of saying hello at the beginning of a session put a smile on everyone's faces.
Hooper succumbed to colon cancer on January 24, 2008, at his home in Street, Maryland. He was 71 years old.
Voters to choose three:
Voters to choose three:
Voters to choose three:
References.
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] |
42454206 | American politician (born 1981)
Sam Arora (Hindi: सैम अरोड़ा; born January 9, 1981) is an American businessman and politician from Montgomery County, Maryland. A Democrat, Arora was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 2010, representing the state's 19th district. He was sworn into office on January 12, 2011. He announced in 2013 that he would not seek reelection to a second term.
Early life and career.
Arora's parents are Punjabis who immigrated from New Delhi, India to the United States in the 1970s, settling in Montgomery County, Maryland. They moved to New York City for several years, where Arora was born, and they returned to Maryland in 1982. He attended the Barrie School, where he was student body president and graduated salutatorian. He earned a bachelor's degree "cum laude" from Columbia University, where he was a founder of the Columbia Political Union, and a J.D. degree from Georgetown University Law Center, where he was president of the student bar association.
Arora currently is Vice President for Business Development of the Arora Group, a health care services firm that primarily serves the Department of Defense and U.S. Coast Guard.
Political career.
Arora began working in 1999 as an intern and briefly as a staff assistant to U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) before moving to New York to attend Columbia University, where he began interning on the exploratory campaign for then-First Lady Hillary Clinton and later in her Senate office. He served as an aide to Democratic National Committee chair Terry McAuliffe during the 2003-2004 election cycle before returning to work for Sen. Clinton's campaign committee for Clinton's 2006 re-election campaign and part of her 2008 presidential primary campaign. Arora also served as a legal clerk to Maryland Attorney General Douglas F. Gansler and in the criminal appellate division of the U.S. Attorney's Office.
Same-sex marriage.
Arora ran for the Maryland House of Delegates on a platform of support for same-sex marriage in Maryland and co-sponsored a bill allowing it early in the 2011 session. A similar bill was filed in the Maryland Senate (SB 116-Civil Marriage Protection Act) and was assigned to the House Judiciary committee, the committee on which Arora serves.
In early March 2011, Arora began backpedaling on his support for the legislation, removing references to his earlier enthusiasm for same-sex marriage from his campaign's Twitter account and privately telling the bill's sponsor, Del. Kumar Barve, that he would vote against it once it reached the House floor. This abrupt reversal angered many of Arora's supporters in progressive and gay rights circles, prompting several to express disappointment and requests to refund their campaign donations.
After several days, Arora again changed his position, announcing on his website that he would formally support the measure so voters could decide the issue in a referendum. During the House Judiciary committee voting session on SB 116, Arora did not participate in the vote for the bill. SB 116 was approved by the committee 12-10 and was to be forwarded to the full House of Delegates for final approval.
Arora voted against civil marriage rights for same-sex couples when the full House of Delegates voted in the following year on February 17, 2012. The legislation passed, 72–67. Arora had reportedly been lobbied that same day by Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley, Associate Director in the White House Office of Public Engagement, Kal Penn, former President Bill Clinton (whose wife, Hillary, Arora used to work for), and longtime Democratic party leader and advisor Terry McAuliffe who all supported the law. Arora has not given any explanation for why he reversed his position from co-sponsoring a marriage equality bill to opposing it.
2010 primary election.
Arora ran for a delegate seat in the three-member 19th district, where he grew up. The district includes the Montgomery County communities of Silver Spring, Wheaton, Leisure World, Northwood, Four Corners, Aspen Hill, Kemp Mill, Olney, Derwood, Laytonsville and unincorporated areas of Rockville and Gaithersburg. Incumbents Roger Manno and Henry B. Heller had decided against seeking reelection, creating two open seats in the 19th.
Six Democrats filed for delegate and, in the Democratic primary election held on September 14, Arora won a place on the Democratic ticket for the general election along with incumbent Benjamin F. Kramer and Bonnie Cullison.
2010 general election.
In the general election, the three Democratic nominees faced two Republican candidates, and the Democratic team won in a landslide with Arora placing second.
Personal.
In 2006, Arora was named one of the "50 Most Beautiful People" on Capitol Hill by "The Hill" newspaper, which wrote that he "bears an uncanny resemblance to actor Ben Stiller."
The 2010 election of Arora and Aruna Miller along with the re-election of Majority Leader Kumar P. Barve made Maryland the first state in the United States to elect more than one Indian American to a state legislature.
References.
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] |
42454206 |
The election to choose county executives in Maryland occurred on Tuesday, November 7, 2006. The U.S. House election, 2006, U.S. Senate election, 2006, 2006 Maryland gubernatorial election, 2006 Maryland Senate election and 2006 Maryland House of Delegates election took place on the same day. Seven charter counties elected a county executive: Anne Arundel County, Baltimore County, Harford County, Howard County, Montgomery County, Prince George's County, and Wicomico County. This race coincided with the election for Maryland County Offices Election, 2006.
;templatestyles src="Template:TOC_right/styles.css" / ;
Anne Arundel County.
The general election in Anne Arundel County was between Democratic George F. Johnson IV, a retired police officer from Pasadena, and Republican John R. Leopold, a member of the Maryland House of Delegates.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
Baltimore County.
The general election in Baltimore County was between incumbent Democrat James T. Smith Jr. and Republican challenger Clarence Bell, a former police officer.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
Harford County.
The general election in Harford County was between incumbent Republican David R. Craig and Democratic challenger Ann C. Helton, a local non-profit executive.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
Howard County.
The Howard County general election was a three-way race between Democratic candidate Ken Ulman, Republican candidate Christopher J. Merdon, and Independent candidate C. Stephen Wallis. Ulman and Merdon were both members of the Howard County Council, while Wallis was a middle school principal.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
Montgomery County.
The general election in Montgomery County was a three-way race. Democratic candidate Isiah Leggett was a former Montgomery County councilman and law professor at Howard University. Republican candidate Chuck Floyd was a previous candidate for the United States House of Representatives. Independent candidate Robin Ficker was a former member of the Maryland House of Delegates.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
Prince George's County.
In Prince George's county, Democratic incumbent Jack B. Johnson ran unopposed in the general election.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
Wicomico County.
In 2004, Wicomico County voters approved a charter amendment establishing an elected county executive, beginning in 2006. There were three established candidates in this inaugural election. The Democratic candidate was Richard M. Politt Jr, Fruitland, Maryland's City Manager. The nominated Republican candidate was Ronald G. Alessi Sr, a small business owner. Another Republican, Charles J. Jannace III, launched a write-in campaign.
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! scope="col" style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! scope="col" style="width: 5em" |Votes
! scope="col" style="width: 3.5em" |%
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | Total votes
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42454206 | American politician (1922–1994)
Louis E. Einschutz (December 11, 1922 – October 25, 1994) was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1967 to 1977, representing the 6th District from 1967 to 1974 and the 9th District from 1975 to 1977.
Early life.
Louis E. Einschutz was born on December 11, 1922, in Baltimore. He attended public schools in Baltimore. Einschutz attended Johns Hopkins University for engineering. He reported in the "1973-74 Maryland Manual" that he had graduated with a degree in 1959, but he did not receive a degree.
Career.
Einschutz served in the United States Army from 1943 to 1945. He worked as a supervisor at Bethlehem Steel and as an electrical contractor.
Einschutz was a Democrat. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1967 to 1977, representing the 6th District from 1967 to 1974 and the 9th District from 1975 to 1977. He resigned on July 1, 1977, and was succeeded by John W. Seling.
Einschutz was appointed to the Maryland Parole Commission in 1977. In 1978, Einschutz asked for a leave of absence to run for Baltimore County Executive, but the request was declined by Governor Blair Lee III and he dropped out of the race. His term with the Maryland Parole Commission expired in June 1981.
Personal life.
Einschutz married Daisy P. Evans. He had one son and daughter, Louis E. Jr. and Terry.
Einschutz died on October 25, 1994. He was buried at Gardens of Faith Cemetery.
References.
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] |
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