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40704552 | Boundary layer that forms on a wedge
In fluid dynamics, the Falkner–Skan boundary layer (named after V. M. Falkner and Sylvia W. Skan) describes the steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer that forms on a wedge, i.e. flows in which the plate is not parallel to the flow. It is also representative of flow on a flat plate with an imposed pressure gradient along the plate length, a situation often encountered in wind tunnel flow. It is a generalization of the flat plate Blasius boundary layer in which the pressure gradient along the plate is zero.
Prandtl's boundary layer equations.
The basis of the Falkner-Skan approach are the Prandtl boundary layer equations. Ludwig Prandtl simplified the equations for fluid flowing along a wall (wedge) by dividing the flow into two areas: one close to the wall dominated by viscosity, and one outside this near-wall boundary layer region where viscosity can be neglected without significant effects on the solution. This means that about half of the terms in the Navier-Stokes equations are negligible in near-wall boundary layer flows (except in a small region near the leading edge of the plate). This reduced set of equations are known as the Prandtl boundary layer equations. For steady incompressible flow with constant viscosity and density, these read:
Mass Continuity: formula_1
formula_2-Momentum: formula_3
formula_4-Momentum: formula_5
Here the coordinate system is chosen with formula_2 pointing parallel to the plate in the direction of the flow and the formula_4 coordinate pointing towards the free stream, formula_8 and formula_9 are the formula_2 and formula_4 velocity components, formula_12 is the pressure, formula_13 is the density and formula_14 is the kinematic viscosity.
A number of similarity solutions to these equations have been found for various types of flow. Falkner and Skan developed the similarity solution for the case of laminar flow along a wedge in 1930. The term "similarity" refers to the property that the velocity profiles at different positions in the flow look similar apart from scaling factors in the boundary layer thickness and a characteristic boundary layer velocity. These scaling factors reduce the partial differential equations to a set of relatively easily solved set of ordinary differential equations.
Falkner–Skan equation - First order boundary layer.
Source:
Falkner and Skan generalized the Blasius boundary layer by considering a wedge with an angle of formula_15 from some uniform velocity field formula_16. Falkner and Skan's first key assumption was that the pressure gradient term in the Prandtl "x"-momentum equation could be replaced by the differential form of the Bernoulli equation in the high Reynolds number limit. Thus:
formula_17
Here formula_18 is the velocity of at the boundary layer edge and is the solution the Euler equations (fluid dynamics) in the outer region.
Having made the Bernoulli equation substitution, Falkner and Skan pointed out that similarity solutions are obtained when the boundary layer thickness and velocity scaling factors are assumed to be simple power functions of "x". That is, they assumed the velocity similarity scaling factor is given by:
formula_19
where formula_20 is the wedge length and "m" is a dimensionless constant. Falkner and Skan also assumed the boundary layer thickness scaling factor is proportional to:
formula_21
Mass conservation is automatically ensured when the Prandtl momentum boundary layer equations are solved using a stream function approach. The stream function, in terms of the scaling factors, is given by:
formula_22
where formula_23 and the velocities are given by:
formula_24
This means
formula_25
The non-dimensionalized Prandtl "x"-momentum equation using the similarity length and velocity scaling factors together with the stream function based velocities results in an equation known as the Falkner–Skan equation and is given by:
formula_26
where each dash represents differentiation with respect to formula_27 (Note that another equivalent equation with a different formula_28 involving an formula_29 is sometimes used. This changes "f" and its derivatives but ultimately results in the same backed-out formula_30 and formula_31 solutions). This equation can be solved for certain formula_28 as an ODE with boundary conditions:
formula_33
The wedge angle, after some manipulation, is given by:
formula_34
The formula_35 case corresponds to the Blasius boundary layer solution. When formula_36, the problem reduces to the Hiemenz flow. Here, "m" ; 0 corresponds to an adverse pressure gradient (often resulting in boundary layer separation) while "m" ; 0 represents a favorable pressure gradient. In 1937 Douglas Hartree showed that physical solutions to the Falkner–Skan equation exist only in the range formula_37. For more negative values of "m", that is, for stronger adverse pressure gradients, all solutions satisfying the boundary conditions at "η" = 0 have the property that "f"("η") ; 1 for a range of values of "η". This is physically unacceptable because it implies that the velocity in the boundary layer is greater than in the main flow. Further details may be found in Wilcox (2007).
With the solution for "f" and its derivatives in hand, the Falkner and Skan velocities become:
formula_38
and
formula_39
The Prandtl formula_4-momentum equation can be rearranged to obtain the formula_4-pressure gradient, formula_42/formula_43, (this is the formula appropriate for the formula_29=1 and formula_28=2m/(m+1) case) as
formula_46
where the displacement thickness, formula_47, for the Falkner-Skan profile is given by:
formula_48
and the shear stress acting at the wedge is given by
formula_49
Compressible Falkner–Skan boundary layer.
Source:
Here Falkner–Skan boundary layer with a specified specific enthalpy formula_50 at the wall is studied. The density formula_13, viscosity formula_52 and thermal conductivity formula_53 are no longer constant here. In the low Mach number approximation, the equation for conservation of mass, momentum and energy become
formula_54
where formula_55 is the Prandtl number with suffix formula_56 representing properties evaluated at infinity. The boundary conditions become
formula_57,
formula_58.
Unlike the incompressible boundary layer, similarity solution can exists for only if the transformation
formula_59
holds and this is possible only if formula_60.
Howarth transformation.
Introducing the self-similar variables using Howarth–Dorodnitsyn transformation
formula_61
the equations reduce to
formula_62
The equation can be solved once formula_63 are specified. The boundary conditions are
formula_64
The commonly used expressions for air are formula_65. If formula_66 is constant, then formula_67. | 0 | null | 86 | null |
37853633 | Airport in Kazakhstan
Boraldai Airport (former name Burundai) () is situated within of Almaty, Kazakhstan. The owner of the airport is LLP "Altair Air". The airport is a main base for Kazakhstan airline Burundaiavia. The annual airshow of Kazakhstan takes place at the airport.
Facilities.
The complex includes: air terminal with an area of ; runway ; two taxiways and ; technical maintenance base with the area of ; apron and parking stands; railway stub station and the hotel. It is suitable for helicopters of all types, such as Mi-2, Mi-6, Mi-8, Mi-10, Ka-32 and light aircraft, such as An-24, An-26, An-30, An-72 and An-74. The territory of the airport area is . | 1 | null | 223 | null |
37853633 | Road in Kazakhstan
The A13 (before 2011 also known as P393) is a national highway in the northern part of Kazakhstan, that connects Kokshetau with Kazakhstan's border with Russia. After crossing the border with Russia, the highway continues to Omsk as P393. The highway is around long.
Since Soviet times it has sometimes been called Kokshetau — Omsk Highway. Today the highway stretches through two regions and ends at the Bidaik border checkpoint.
History.
Until 2011, the A-13 route was designated as P393.
Route description.
The A13 would go through the Kokshetau, Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions, running pass the districts of Zerendi, Taiynsha, Akzhar and Ualikhanov (Kishkenekol).
Attractions.
Kokshetau is a city with a population of 146 thousand inhabitants, located on the north of Kokshetau hills, on the southern shores of Lake Kopa and the southern edge of the Esil (Ishim) Steppe. | 2 | null | 148 | null |
37853633 | City in Akmola Region, Kazakhstan
Kokshetau (; ; Russian: , ; lit. 'Blue Mountain'), formerly known as Kokchetav (; ) between 1868 and 1993, is a lakeside city in northern Kazakhstan and the capital of Akmola Region. It stretches along the southern shore of Lake Kopa, lying in the north of Kokshetau Hills, a northern subsystem of the Kokshetau Uplands (Saryarka) and the southern edge of the Ishim Steppe. It is named after Mount Kokshe.
Kokshetau is the 17th-most populous city in Kazakhstan, the 4th-most populous city in northern part of the country, and the largest city in Akmola Region. It was the administrative center of Kokshetau Region (oblast) from 1944 to 1991 as part of the Soviet Union and from 1991 as part of Kazakhstan to 1997 when it was abolished. It is also situated at the junction of the Trans-Kazakhstan and South Siberian railways. Kokshetau lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. The climate of Kokshetau features hot summers and cold winters.
It has 176,849 inhabitants (2024 est.), up from 123,389 (1999 census), while Akmola Region had a total population of 738,587 (2019 est.), down from 1,061,820 (1989 census), making it the tenth most populous region in Kazakhstan. The city's history has been influenced by people of many nations and religions. Kokshetau retains multiethnic population, with 59% ethnic Kazakhs (up from 36%), the rest being mostly 28% ethnic Russians (down from 42%) and other ethnic groups such as Ukrainians, Tatars and Germans. Kokshetau City Administration (area of ), with a population of roughly 165,153 residents, includes one settlement administration (which consists of the work settlement of Stantsyonny) and the Krasnoyarsk rural district, which includes two rural settlements (the villages of Krasny Yar and Kyzyl-Zhuldyz).
The city is considered to have been founded in 1824 as a military fortress, while it was granted city status in 1895. It was the centre of Kokshetau Region, which was abolished in 1997. It is well known for its nature and tourist sites, such as Burabay and Zerendi, among others. The city's main football team is FC Okzhetpes. Kokshetau is about from Petropavl, northwest of the national capital Astana along the A1, from Omsk along the A13, and from Kostanay. The city is served by Kokshetau Airport (KOV). The akim (mayor) is from the Amanat Party.
Kokshetau is an important economic, educational, and cultural centre of the Akmola Region. Attractions in and around Kokshetau include Akmola Regional Museum of History and Local Lore, Bukpa Hill, Kokshetau City Park, Kokshetau City History Museum, Museum of Literature and Art. The northwest entrance to Burabay National Park () and Burabay spa town is a little over 43 miles (70 km) from Kokshetau. Kokshetau was awarded the title Kazakhstan City of Culture for the year 2021.
Names and etymology.
The name Kokshetau (; ) is of Kazakh origin literally meaning a (lit. 'smoky-blue mountain'), "kokshe" / "көкше", meaning (lit. 'blueish') and "tau" / "тау", meaning (lit. 'mountain') — the name of always turning blue, as if in a deep haze of mountains, thus "Blueish Mountain/Smoky-Blue Mountain" in English. That is how from ancient times Kazakhs were calling the highest mountain in Akmola Region "Mount Kokshe" (947 m), located 60 miles away from the city.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan declared its independence on 16 December 1991 (Kazakhstan Independence Day), and on 7 October 1993, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the city of "Kokchetav" (Russian: , ) was renamed to the more Kazakh sounding "Kokshetau" as part of the government's campaign to apply Kazakh names to cities, but the city's airport still retains KOV as its IATA code. In Russian it became known as Kokshetau.
Chronology of name changes.
Historically, several names in various languages have identified Kokshetau.
Physical geography and geology.
Location.
Kokshetau is located in the country of Kazakhstan and lies in the northern portion of Akmola Region. The city is located on the border of the West Siberian Plain, on the southeastern shore of Lake Kopa, at an altitude of 234 meters above sea level, in the Kokshetau Mountains, north part of the Kokshetau Hills, the foothills of which surround the city from the south and west. It covers an area of . It is located about north-west of the national capital of Astana.
The city lay along low hills and by a kidney-shaped lake. There are numerous hills in the vicinity of the city (Bukpa Hill). The city is located in the flat part of the interfluve of the Kylshakty river, flowing in the eastern part of the city, and the Shagalaly river, flowing from the western side of the city. The city has several parks and gardens. Also, within the city limits can be found small forests, mostly consisting of birches and pine plantations. The Kokshetau area is known for its two national parks, Burabay and Kokshetau.
The village of Krasny Yar lies adjoined directly to the west of Kokshetau, on the bank of the River Shagalaly. Also contiguous with Kokshetau, directly to the east, with no natural border, is the smaller village of Stantsyonny.
Nearby cities
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Nearby towns
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Nearby villages
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Time.
The time offset from the UTC used by Kokshetau is 5 hours after UTC, or codice_1. This is also used by all of Kazakhstan. This time apply throughout the year as Kazakhstan does not observe Daylight saving time (DST).
Climate.
According to the Köppen climate classification, Kokshetau lies in a cold semi-arid climate zone (Köppen climate classification: "BSk") with extreme continental influences. The city has an extreme continental climate with long, very cold, frigid, snowy, dry winters and warm, dry, sunny summers (featuring occasional brief rain showers). Winter is frosty and long (more than 5 months). In spring, prevails clear and dry weather, with a large number of sunny days. Autumn begins in August or September, and the weather is observed from clear at the beginning of the season, to cloudy in October–November. The average annual temperature in Kokshetau is . Summer temperatures occasionally reach 35 °C (95 °F) while −30 to −35 °C (−22 to −31 °F) is not unusual between mid-December and early March.
The warmest month is July with daily mean temperature near , and the coldest month is January, with a daily mean of . Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season. July is the wettest month (averaging of precipitation) while March is the driest (averaging of precipitation). Yearly precipitation amounts to . Typically, the city's Lake Kopa and rivers of Kylshakty and Shagalaly are frozen over between the second week of November and the beginning of April.
Legal status and administrative-territorial division.
Kokshetau is the capital (administrative centre) of the Akmola Region (oblys, county, area). Kokshetau city administration (, ) (area of ), with a population of roughly 193,492 residents, includes one settlement administration and the Krasnoyarsk rural district, which includes two rural settlements, served by the city public transport system.
Kokshetau was the centre of a region covering seventy-eight thousand square kilometres of the Virgin Lands; it administered 15 agricultural districts and connected 4 other towns, 116 state farms, and 25 collective farms, and that region encompassed a population of more than 600,000.
Administrative districts and microdistricts.
Kokshetau is divided into seven administrative districts ().
"Listed alphabetically"
Districts.
Traditionally, Kokshetau was divided into seventeen administrative microdistricts () that today have no administrative function. These are administrative units that possess no independent governance structures. They are used for management of utilities and publicly owned housing.
Kokshetau includes the following microdistricts:
Authorities, local government and politics.
Kokshetau authorities.
The city administration and Kokshetau City Mäslihat is in the Kokshetau Akimat building on Mukhtar Auezov Street. Kokshetau City Mäslihat is a representative body of the city, elected every four years and holds its sessions in Kokshetau Akimat. The Mayor of Kokshetau is Amanat Party member Bauyrzhan Gaisa.
The bodies of local self-government of Kokshetau are:
Regional authorities.
Most key buildings of the regional government are along Abai Street and Mukhtar Auezov Street. Abai Street is named after a Kazakh poet, composer and Hanafi Maturidi theologian philosopher Abai Qunanbaiuly. On the eastern side of Abai Street on Abylai Khan Square sits the Akmola Regional Akimat, in a modern cream and brown-toned building.
The bodies of local self-government of Akmola region are:
List of akims (mayors) of Kokshetau (1992–present).
The Akim (Kazakh: әкім, äkım) of Kokshetau is the chief authority in the city of Kokshetau. The position was established in 1992. The mayor is responsible for the administration of government services, the composition of councils and committees overseeing Kokshetau City Administration departments and serves as the chairperson for the meeting of the Kokshetau City Mäslihat. The mayor also functions to help devise long-term development plans in consultation with other stakeholders and bodies to improve the condition, livability, and sustainability of the city.
Politics.
The city council ("Kokshetau City Mäslihat") of Kokshetau is made up of 17 representatives that are elected every four years. The Kokshetau City Mäslihat governs the city alongside the Akim (Mayor). The 2023 local government elections for Kokshetau City Mäslihat in Kokshetau yielded the following results:
History.
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Historical affiliations
Omsk Oblast 1827–1838 ;br ;
∟ "part of the Russian Empire" ;br ;
Border control of the Siberian Kirghiz 1838–1854 ;br ;
∟ "part of the Russian Empire" ;br ;
Siberian Kirghiz Oblast 1854–1868 ;br ;
∟ "part of the Russian Empire" ;br ;
Akmolinsk Oblast 1868–1917 ;br ;
∟ "part of the Russian Empire" ;br ;
Alash Autonomy 1917–1918 ;br ;
The Ufa Directory 1918–1918 ;br ;
Russian Government 1918–1919 ;br ;
Kirghiz Territory 1919–1920 ;br ;
∟ "part of the Russian SFSR" ;br ;
Kirghiz ASSR 1920–1922 ;br ;
∟ "autonomous part of the Russian SFSR" ;br ;
Kirghiz ASSR 1922–1925 ;br ;
∟ "part of the Russian SFSR in the USSR" ;br ;
Kazakh ASSR 1925–1936 ;br ;
∟ "part of the Russian SFSR in the USSR" ;br ;
Soviet Kazakhstan 1936–1991 ;br ;
∟ "constituent republic of the Soviet Union" ;br ;
Kazakhstan 1991–present
Early history.
Kokshetau past incorporates all the main stages and turning points of the history of Kazakhstan. For many centuries, nomadic Kazakh tribes lived on the territory of the former Kokshetau Region. The territory of Kokshetau was part of the Middle Horde, the clans of the tribal union of the Argyns that occupied vast regions of Northern and Central Kazakhstan. In the 18th – 19th centuries, the headquarters of famous khans, such as Abylai Khan, Kasym Khan, Kenesary Khan, were located on the land of Kokshetau Region.
Foundation of Kokshetau (1824–1917).
As Russia's hand stretched southwards, Kokshetau was initially founded on 29 April 1824 as an administrative outpost at the foot of the southern side of Mount Kokshe on the shores of Lake Ulken Shabakty. The Middle Horde signed treaties of protection with Russia. The local population strongly opposed the fact that the new settlement was placed in the chosen place. In the summer of 1827, the district order was transferred to the new place where the city of Kokshetau is now located. The settlement began to be called Kokchetav. The construction of the settlement began at the foot of Bukpa Hill, on the southern shores of Lake Kopa, and a picket was set up to protect the district order.
By the middle of 19th-century, the population of the settlement was significantly increasing due to the migration of the peasants from Russia (Povolzhye) and Ukraine who were driven to migrate by starvation and poverty to farm the steppe. In 1868, when the Akmolinsk Oblast was formed, Kokshetau became a district city in this region, which further developed as a center of agricultural and animal husbandry and as a resort town. In 1876, the city lost its military significance. The line and fortress were abolished. In 1895, Kokshetau was granted city status. By that time the population in the town was above 5 thousand people.
Soviet era (1918–1991).
In 1928, Kokshetau District was divided into several boroughs and until 1944 Kokshetau's territory was part of Karaganda Region and later part of North Kazakhstan Region. On 16 March 1944, according to the Decree of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of Kazakh SSR, Kokshetau became the administrative center of the newly created Kokchetav Oblast. Relatively rapid growth and development of Kokshetau took place during the years of development of virgin lands, especially in the second half of the 1950s.
Fall of the Soviet Union and modern history (1991–present).
On 3 May 1997, Kokshetau Oblast was abolished, the city was deprived of the status of a regional center. On 8 April 1999, | 3 | null | 148 | null |
47584740 | Morris dancers from Watford, England
Woodside Morris are a UK Morris dance side based in Watford, Hertfordshire. The side dance Cotswold morris locally in the towns and villages around Watford, Rickmansworth, Hemel Hempstead and St Albans, and further afield at events and folk festivals across the country, as well as occasional trips abroad.
Origins of Woodside Morris Men.
Woodside Morris Men were formed in Finchley, North London. The name comes from the school at which the Phoenix Folk Club met, which happened to be situated in a part of Finchley known as Woodside Park. The decision to form a men's Morris side to perform the Cotswold dance traditions, along with a little Rapper Sword Dancing, was taken following the Phoenix club's 1956 Whit Monday tour. Previously the club had flirted with Morris as one of their many folk activities, but it was felt that the time had come for a permanent, dedicated Morris section.
Edmund 'Eddie' Reavell organised the new Morris club. Eddie would go on to become Squire of the side in the long term, but in seeking guidance for getting the club together, and developing a repertoire, he obtained the help of dancer and instructor, Bert Cleaver. Bert Cleaver took on the role of Squire during this formative time for the club, and under his eye, and the organisation of Eddie Reavell, the club gained members, produced a kit utilising a purpose designed tree emblem to reflect the name, and prepared to dance out in public. The first official meeting of the club took place in September 1956, and it was almost exactly a year later that they finally kitted up and danced in anger for the first time.
From the start, Woodside Morris Men adopted the profile of a team that would seek association with the Morris Ring - all male membership with officers and a constitution that reflected Ring policy. Fittingly then, it was a Morris Ring event at which they first danced; the association's 61st meeting, hosted by Thames Valley Morris Men, and based around Kingston upon Thames, London . Two years later, at the 68th meeting of the Ring, the side danced for the first time as members; the now Squire Eddie Reavell being presented with Woodside's staff of association by Ring Squire Jim Phillips .
The early years for the club were taken up with local social and community events, regular involvement with Morris Ring meetings, and privately arranged trips to various locations, though Deal, Kent was a particular favourite, in the company of Westminster Morris Men, and later joined by the Hammersmith Morris Men. at this time, there were a few dancers that were involved in just about all of these three side's at one time or another. Bert Cleaver had ended his direct association with Woodside when they reached the stage where they were ready to dance out, and subsequently became involved with a few other London sides, and would go on to become Squire of the Morris Ring. Another busy Morris Man was Hugh Rippon, who at that time was something of a Morris firebrand, being involved with all of these teams to some extent, and remains to this day an influential figure on the English folk scene.
Originally, Woodside Morris Men were intended to remain part of the Phoenix Folk Club, but discussion with a number of early members indicates that the link to the parent club was tenuous from the very start. If it were intended that the membership should originally be drawn from the Phoenix Club, then such expectations were sadly not met. In March 1965, Woodside Squire, Graham Wild, wrote a letter to all members of the team to inform them that, for one week only, the side would be meeting at the Railway Club, Watford, for practice, but not to worry, as practice would return to Finchley as soon as possible. As much as this may not have been an intentional first step away from the now only notionally parent club, as well as the area in which the club was formed, a page in the history of Woodside Morris Men had been turned, and there would be no going back. By July of that same year, meetings had been firmly established as taking place at the Railway's social club in Watford.
Life in Watford.
One of Woodside's members was an employee of British Rail, and also a member of their British Railways Staff Association, which had premises just off the St Albans Road in Watford. This member was able to arrange a favourable rate for using one of the rooms on a Wednesday evening, for reasons of practise.
As well as the side moving to the area for rehearsals, they also started to gravitate their other activities, such as feast evenings and days of dance, into the surrounding towns and villages.
At this time, Woodside were still very active in the Morris Ring, and the profile of events that were participated in was dominated by days of dance, and Ring meetings. The countryside surrounding Watford was ideal for hosting other teams for club events and the move to a more suburban area meant less competition from the wealth of London sides. Woodside became involved in local community events, even appearing at the assembly rooms of the Watford Town Hall, an internationally recognised recording venue for major orchestral and operatic projects. All this activity in and around the side's new home didn't prevent Woodside from continuing to dance at some of their old haunts in London, a legacy that is still apparent today.
Relationships changed with the London sides, which was as much to do the change in membership as it was to do with the change of base, and Woodside looked to form new bonds with teams based outside London. Just as the side were settling in comfortably to their new environment, disaster struck, albeit on a rather minor scale.
In 1969, having discovered that Woodside's British Rail employee member had long since parted for pastures new, the Railway Club decided that the accommodation agreement was no longer appropriate. Woodside Morris Men promptly found themselves without a home. A few new venues were tried stop gap, but eventually, by the end of the year, an agreement had been made with the Hertfordshire County Council Divisional Education Officer to set up camp on a long term base at Chater School, Watford.
The side moved on and it was business as usual, for a while, when the side moved to the Red Lion in Nash Mills, near Hemel Hempstead. This era saw a dwindling membership, which in turn led to a reduction in funds, which are usually raised through membership, collections at dance outs and fees for performances. It became difficult to maintain the side, culminating in the team failing to meet throughout the whole of 1973.
Throughout this period, it was down to the determination and correspondence of then Bagman Mike 'Lank' Broughton, that the team continued in even this notional form. Lank was a dancer of many years experience, he had seen William Kimber perform at the Royal Albert Hall, and had danced in Watford on the Queen's Coronation Day - though which Queen he has never disclosed. Lank had joined Woodside when they moved to Watford, and if it had not been for his involvement, it seems likely that Woodside's history would have ended c 1972. Having struggled to raise a side for a number of events in that year, there was no choice but to suspend activities until new membership could be found. Lank already had a plan that he suspected could change the club's current bad fortune, and although the side did not meet during 1973, the Bagman was not idle.
Lank's hard work paid off, and salvation came to the team, providing not only a new base of operations, but also a ready made pool of members.
The Pump House Theatre and Arts Centre.
In the early 1970s, the old Water Board buildings just off Watford's Lower High Street, which had fallen into disrepair following many years of sterling service, became the location of a local centre for arts groups. One particular group, which was particularly influential in the development of the Pump House Theatre and Arts Centre, as it came to be known, was the Watford Folk Club. Woodside's interest in the project, and willingness to become actively involved, created a link not only with the Pump House, where the side still meet today, but also with the Folk Club. What seemed a promising venue for the previously struggling side, also became the source of many new dancers. It had taken a lot of hard work on the part of Lank to negotiate a place at the Pump House, lobbying the committee throughout the preceding year to allow Woodside a home on Wednesday nights, and in the end a place was found - originally in a much smaller venue than the current Colne River Rooms - on the grounds that the side be associated with the folk club.
The new membership brought with it a slightly changed attitude to dance venues, and the frequency of dancing out. Where pub's had never been a deterrent to Woodside Morris Men, they now became the mainstay for performances. This was not a complete change in attitude - the tours, [Morris Ring] meetings, days of dance and feasts still remained part of the side's schedule - but the pub evenings became an opportunity to dance out more regularly, and to promote Woodside in the local area. | 4 | null | 187 | null |
49102727 | "Yu-Gi-Oh! Arc-V" is the fourth spin-off anime in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and the eighth anime series overall. It is produced by Nihon Ad Systems and broadcast by TV Tokyo. It is directed by Katsumi Ono and produced by Studio Gallop. Its plot focuses on Yuya Sakaki. Yuya is a boy seeking to become the greatest entertainer in Action Duels who brings forth a new summoning method to Duel Monsters known as Pendulum Summoning. This season focuses on Yuya and his allies battling across the Xyz and Fusion Dimensions to end the Interdimensional War, as the truth behind the origins of the Four Dimensions is revealed.
Like the previous two seasons, there are four theme songs used for this season: two opening themes and two ending themes. From episodes 99-124, the fifth opening theme is by Unknown Number, while the fifth ending theme is by Kusoiinkai. From episodes 125–147, the sixth opening theme is "Pendulum Beat" by SUPER★DRAGON, while the sixth ending theme is by M!LK. However, From Episodes 148–149, The seventh opening was by Park-eung sik, while the seventh ending was by "Riho Lida". For the English dub version, the opening theme is "Can You Feel the Power".
The English dub premiered episodes in Canada and Australia on Teletoon and 9Go! respectively. In the United States, Nicktoons aired the season from January to December 2018.
Episode list.
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References.
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49102727 | Japanese anime television series
, stylized as Yu-Gi-Oh! GO RUSH!!, is a Japanese anime series animated by Bridge. It is the seventh spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and an interquel to "Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens".
The series premiered in Japan on April 3, 2022.
Plot.
The series takes place an unknown amount of time in the past prior to the events of "Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens". Yuga Ohdo, the creator of Rush Dueling in "SEVENS", got transported to Mutsuba Town during his final duel with Otes and began working at the fledgling Goha Company led by Yuna Goha to recreate Rush Dueling. Yuhi and Yuamu, twin co-owners of an odds-jobs business called UTS, meet an alien named Yudias Velgear who came to Earth to understand Rush Dueling to lead his people to a better future. As the trio work together, they eventually become entangled in the mysterious ongoing war of Yudias' homeworld and the consequences of Yuga's actions and presence in the past.
Media.
Anime.
On December 17, 2021, TV Tokyo announced that "Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!" would premiere on April 3, 2022, on TV Tokyo and BS TV Tokyo, with key staff members from "Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens" returning for their respective positions: Nobuhiro Kondo is directing the series at Bridge, Toshimitsu Takeuchi is in charge of series' scripts, and Kazuko Tadano and Hiromi Matsushita are designing the characters. From episodes 1-51, the first opening theme is (Mirage) by Frederic while the ending theme is "One Way" by Yūsuke Saeki. From episodes 52-102, the second opening theme is "Soul Galaxy" by BRADIO while the ending theme is "Cosmos" by Taichi Mukai. From Episodes 103 onwards, the third opening theme is by Masayoshi Oishi while the ending theme is by Ayaka Nanase. Until episode 127, "STAR RUSH" is replaced with by Ayaka Nanase starting with episode 128.
An edited English-language dub premiered in the United States on Disney XD on January 11, 2025.
Manga.
On March 3, 2022, it was announced that "Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!" would be getting a manga in Saikyo Jump, written and illustrated by Sugita Naoya was released from April 4, 2022 to March 4, 2024.
Trading Card Game.
In the main-line card game, Illusion-type monsters were introduced in April 2023 with the release of the set "Duelist Nexus". No new summoning mechanics or Master Rules were added.
Rush Duels.
A new monster Type for Rush Duels was introduced with the advent of the anime, named Galaxy. It is used by the protagonist, Yudias.
In August 2022, a new mechanic for Rush Duels debuted in the anime, known as Equip Spells. They were later released in October. These function similar to Equip Spells from the main game.
Following a rule update in January 2023, unofficially called "Rush Master Rule 2", players are now allowed to use one Legend card per Card Type in a deck (one Spell, one Trap, and one Monster).
The Rush Duel format was added worldwide to "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links" beginning September 28, 2023. A world based on "Go Rush!!" was added to the game in late 2024.
References.
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49102727 | "Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens" is the sixth spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and the tenth anime series overall. It is produced by Bridge and broadcast on TV Tokyo. The series is directed by Nobuhiro Kondo. The series follows Yūga and his friends as they show off the delights of Rush Duels while under the watchful eye of the Goha Corporation that oversees the city. This season follows Yuga and his friends as they battle against the mysterious Goha Six Siblings, the true presidents of Goha Corporation. From episodes 53–92, the second opening theme is , performed by The Brow Beat while the second ending theme is "Never Looking Back", performed by Shizukunome.
Episode list.
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References.
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49102727 | Free-to-play, digital collectible card game
is a free-to-play, digital collectible card game developed by Konami for the iOS, Android and Microsoft Windows platforms, based on the "Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game". After an initial beta period, the game was first released in Hokkaido, Japan on November 17, 2016, and then released to the rest of the world on January 11, 2017. The Windows version was released worldwide via Steam and in Japan via Yahoo! Japan Games on November 17, 2017.
Plot.
"Duel Links" features characters from the entire "Yu-Gi-Oh!" anime franchise. Seto Kaiba has created a virtual reality "Duel World" in order to gather the best duelists so they can compete. Players first have the option to play as either Yami Yugi or Seto Kaiba. As they continue to win duels, other characters become unlocked, including the character the player did not choose at the beginning. The player can then unlock other "Duel Worlds" that incorperate other "Yu-Gi-Oh!" series into the game as they level up and progress throughout the game.
Gameplay.
The game uses a format known as "Speed Duels" which uses the rules of the trading card game with various modifications. Players have 4000 Life Points, the Main Phase 2 is removed, the number of Monster Zones and Spell/Trap Zones is reduced from 5 to 3, the Main Deck's size is reduced from 40-60 cards each to 20-30 cards each and the Extra Deck is reduced from 15 to 5 (although this number can be increased to 9 by completing certain missions), and players start with a 4 card hand instead of 5. Players can also use Skills that affect duels in various ways. These effects include but are not limited to adding cards to the hand or field, increasing monster stats, increasing life points, adding cards to the deck at the start of the duel, changing the player's starting hand, and revealing the contents of face-down cards. The winner of a duel either reduces their opponent's life points to 0, allows their opponent to run out of cards, or win under special conditions. Players are rewarded with experience points and various items after a duel, with more items earned from winning.
The game has the player in a hub where they can choose various NPCs to duel against. From here they can also access the Gate which allows them to duel against Legendary Duelists. The current stage the player is on will also be displayed. By completing missions within the stage, players can advance to the next stage which will gradually unlock more difficult opponents and Legendary Duelists at the Gate. Progressing in stages will allow the player to unlock Character Unlock Missions as well.
By completing Character Unlock Missions, players can unlock new Legendary Duelists to play as. Legendary Duelists are based on key characters from the Yu-Gi-Oh series, such as Joey Wheeler, Maximilion Pegasus, Chazz Princeton, and Dr. Vellian Crowler. Each Legendary Duelist comes with their signature card and unique skills.
New cards can be obtained for the player's decks from either Legendary Duelists, the in-game Card Trader using various items or from card packs. Card packs are purchased from the in-game shop using Gems. Card packs can also be purchased with real money via microtransactions. The possible contents of a card pack can vary depending on which BOX the player chooses to buy from. Each card has a probability of being pulled based on their rarity. Common N and R cards tend to have weaker effects, while rarer SR and UR cards have stronger effects. The card pool released at launch includes many cards recognizable from the "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters" anime. As more BOXes were added over time, the card pool expanded to include many cards from more modern "Yu-Gi-Oh" sets.
At launch, the game's original format did not include cards and mechanics related to Synchro, Xyz, Pendulum, and Link Summoning. Beginning in 2017 with the release of "GX World" based on "Yu-Gi-Oh! GX," every subsequent year has introduced a new "Duel World" with its associated Summoning mechanic or theme. "Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's" was added with Synchro Summoning in 2018 followed by a world themed after "Yu-Gi-Oh! The Dark Side of Dimensions" in 2019, then a world based on "Yu-Gi-Oh! ZEXAL" with Xyz Summoning in 2020, then "Yu-Gi-Oh! ARC-V" with Pendulum Summoning in 2021 and then "Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS" with Link Summoning in 2022 currently rounding up the current Master Duel animes. In 2023, Rush Dueling from "Yu-Gi-Oh! SEVENS" and its associated world was added into the game and was followed with a world based on "Yu-Gi-Oh! GO RUSH!!" in 2024.
The game also includes a PvP mode where players can duel in real-time with friends, as well as participate in random matches with players around the world. There is also a ranked ladder where players compete for rank and prizes including tickets which can be used to exchange for certain cards.
Special events often occur for a limited amount of time to provide variety and the opportunity to win rare cards and unlock new Legendary Duelists. These events typically have special opponents with goals and missions that must be completed in order to earn the rewards Cards and characters exclusive to events are usually made available outside of the event at a later date.
Characters.
The current roster of playable characters for the game consists of the original series, "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters", "Yu-Gi-Oh! GX", "Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's", "Yu-Gi-Oh! The Dark Side of Dimensions", "Yu-Gi-Oh! ZEXAL", "Yu-Gi-Oh! ARC-V", "Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS", "Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens", and "Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!". These are the characters that can be currently unlocked by completing their character missions and special events in-game.
Yu-Gi-Oh!
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Yu-Gi-Oh! GX.
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Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's.
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Yu-Gi-Oh! The Dark Side of Dimensions.
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Yu-Gi-Oh! ZEXAL.
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Yu-Gi-Oh! Arc-V.
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Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS.
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Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens.
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Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!
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Reception.
Several publications praised "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links" for simplifying many of the rules of the traditional card game and making it very accessible to new players. AppCritic noted that it would also appeal to veteran players saying, "While this is not a full TCG experience, there’s still a good amount of depth and strategy involved for veteran "Yu-Gi-Oh!" players." Pocket Gamer praised the presentation of the game saying that "it's all presented in a way that is arguably better than the original anime, and there's even full voice acting delivered by the original voice actors. This not only creates an authentic feel that's second to none, but most importantly, it all adds to the nostalgia and immersion. Ultimately making the player feel like they have literally stepped into the world of "Yu-Gi-Oh!"."
The game exceeded 65million mobile downloads worldwide by March 2018, and exceeded 80million downloads across PC and mobile devices by 1 November 2018. The game has reached 100million mobile downloads worldwide, as of 2019[ [update]]. In addition, Steam Spy estimates the game to have more than 2million players on Steam.
The game grossed $ in 2016. In Japan, the game grossed ¥ in 2018 and ¥ in 2019, for a combined ¥ ($) in Japan during 2018–2019. In the first half of 2021, it grossed $, making it the top-grossing card battler mobile game during the period. In total, the game's known revenue during 2016, 2018–2019 and the first half of 2021 adds up to $.
In November 2020, Duel Links celebrated the milestone of reaching 5 billion duels.
In March 2022, Duel Links celebrated reaching 150 million downloads worldwide with more than 75 billion cards collected and 7 billion duels done by duelists across the world.
Languages.
The game supports established languages in English, French, Italian, German, Spanish (Spain), Portuguese (Brazil), Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Korean and Japanese. The dubbing voice supports English, Korean and Japanese. Typical for the main card game, but also for the first in an official "Yu-Gi-Oh!" product, the Russian language later also became available in 2020.
References.
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49102727 | Japanese anime television series
, stylized as Yu-Gi-Oh! SEVENƧ, is a Japanese anime series animated by Bridge that aired in Japan on TV Tokyo from April 4, 2020, to March 27, 2022. It is the sixth spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise, following "Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS" and commemorates the 20th anniversary of the "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters" anime series.
The series was succeeded by an interquel, "Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!", which premiered on April 3, 2022.
Synopsis.
The series takes place in the futuristic town of Goha and stars Yuga Ohdo, a fifth-grade, elementary school student, who loves both inventions and dueling. Feeling that the current rules of the "Duel Monsters" card game are too stifling, Yuga successfully manages to install a new set of rules of his own creation known as "Rush Duel", allowing for more fast-paced and frantic dueling. The series follows Yuga and his friends as they show off the delights of Rush Duels while under the watchful eye of the Goha Corporation that oversees the city.
Media.
Anime.
"Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens" was first announced as a then-untitled new anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise on July 21, 2019. The series marked the second studio turnover in franchise history with Bridge taking over as head studio in animation production from Gallop, which oversaw every television series and films in the franchise since "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters" in 2000. The series is being directed by Nobuhiro Kondo with screenplay by Toshimitsu Takeuchi and character designs by Kazuko Tadano and Hiromi Matsushita. It began airing in Japan on April 4, 2020, on TV Tokyo.
On April 28, 2020, it was announced that after episode 5, the remaining episodes would be delayed for five weeks due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. On July 10, 2020, it was announced it will be delayed again due to the aforementioned pandemic and resumed on August 8, 2020.
An edited English dub began production in early 2021, and premiered in the United States on Disney XD on June 6, and Hulu on June 7, 2022 to December 2, 2023. Three episodes were removed from the English version, leaving 89 episodes compared to the original 92.
Manga.
A comedy spin-off manga adaptation, titled "Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens: Boku no Road Gakuen (My Road Academy)", written and illustrated by Megumi Sasaki launched in the September issue of "Saikyo Jump" on August 4, 2020.
Another manga adaptation, written by Masahiro Hikokubo and illustrated by Tasuku Sugie, titled was serialized in "V Jump" from September 19, 2020, to March 19, 2022. Shueisha collected its chapters in three "tankōbon" volumes, released from April 30, 2021, to May 2, 2022.
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Trading Card Game.
In the year that "Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens" premiered, the "Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game" announced an update to the Master Rules, unofficially called "Master Rule 5". Effective April 1, 2020 in Japan and November 24, 2021 in North America, it is now possible again to Fusion, Synchro, or Xyz Summon directly to the Main Monster Zones without a required Link Arrow pointing to it. Pendulum and Link Monsters, however, retain their previous rules. Furthermore, several alterations to card rulings were made to the OCG, exclusively.
Rush Duels.
No new card mechanics were introduced into the main card game. Instead, a new format separate from the main game was introduced exclusively for the Japanese and Korean market named Rush Duels. Normal Summoning is unlimited, though Tribute Summon rules for Level 5 or higher monsters still apply. All card effects are "soft" once per turn, meaning a card's effect can be used once per copy. If a player can summon or use another copy of the same card, they may use its effect again. Card effects are now sectioned into "Requirement" and "Effect" boxes for easier reading. Players can only use cards designed for Rush Duels, which have a special frame and a "RUSH DUEL" tag at the bottom of the card. Rush Duels also uses its own exclusive card pool with many cards not found in the main game. Certain imported cards from the main game are known as "Legend Cards". Each player is allowed up to three Legend Cards in their deck, one of each type of card (monster, spell, trap).
Although the physical card game for Rush Duels is exclusive to the Asian markets, the format had been made available worldwide on digital formats through the Western release for the game "Yu-Gi-Oh! Rush Duel: Dawn of the Battle Royale!!". The format was also added to the global release of "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links" starting in September 2023.
Reception.
Mellisa Camacho gave a mixed review of the series for Common Sense Media, giving the series a rating of 3 out of 5 stars, and writing that younger kids "may find what's happening a little confusing at times" but the anime is "lively enough to be entertaining."
References.
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49102727 | The following is a list of characters from the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" anime series, "Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!".
Voiced by: John Patneaude
The main protagonist of the series and an alien from Velgear VIII of the Velgear Star Cluster. He was forced to flee his home and learn about Rush Dueling, which he believes can lead his friends and comrades to a new future. In the second season, after ending the war within his homeworld, he returns to Earth and faces off against the new leaders of MIK; Phaser Ryugu and Tremolo Ryugu, and later on, Kuaidal Velgear, the first Velgearian created by The Creator. In the third season, he faces off against the Dark Matter Empire led by his ally Yuamu Ohdo, then Yuhi Ohdo after he became "Otes" due to Yuamu's actions before facing off against Otes in the Sengoku era.
After defeating Kuaidal, the latter vanishes but later revives within Yudias' body, becoming his partner and giving him the ability to Ritual Summon.
Voiced by: Paul Castro Jr.
Yuamu's older twin brother who works for UTS under Yuamu. He believes a mysterious substance, Earthdamar, was stolen from him by aliens, and has been searching for the aliens ever since to retrieve it. Both he and Yuamu are Yuga Ohdo's ancestors.
In the third season, Yuhi uses the "Monster Reborn" card and Dark Power to erase his memories and become "Otes" to ensure that Yuga Ohdo's future comes to pass. He then attempts to use Yuna Goha's Time Machine to enter Yuga's era. However, he is ultimately defeated by Yudias and he loses his Dark Power after ending up in the Sengoku era due to Yuna's Time Machine, returning to his former self.
Voiced by: Michelle Jin
Yuhi's younger twin sister and the president of UTS. Both she and Yuhi are Yuga Ohdo's ancestors. In the finale of the second season, Yuamu experiences the memories of her descendant Yuga Ohdo and resolves to become "Otes" to ensure that Yuga's future takes place. However, she is defeated by Yudias after she took over for Yuga in the final Duel, before then sending Yuga back to his timeline.
In the third season, she goes missing after disappearing in a dark storm and she later appears in the Dark Matter Space surrounded by the deceased Velgearians. Yuamu uses the Dark Power of the Dark Matter Space to become the Dark Meister, creating the Dark Matter Empire and eventually becoming the main antagonist of the third season. She planned to obtain "Monster Reborn" to erase her memories and become Otes. However, she ultimately fails in her efforts when Yuhi becomes Otes instead. After Yudias defeated Yuhi-Otes, Yuna's Time Machine activated and she was sent to the Sengoku era, she seemingly lost her Dark Power.
Voiced by: Barrett Leddy
He is in charge of MIK's Mutsuba Town branch, dedicated to cracking down on aliens who come to Earth without proper authorization, and is partnered with Nyandestar, who he makes daily rounds with. After Phaser Ryugu takes over MIK in the second season, Maddox joins forces with Yudias, Yuamu and Yuhi. He is confirmed to be Gavin Sogetsu's ancestor.
Voiced by: Blythe Melin
An alien from the Velgear Star Cluster. He was Yudias' superior officer and disappeared in battle but reappears on Earth with an interest in Rush Duels and in Yuhi's Earthdamar.
In the second season, Zuwijo later vanished from existence due to the Velgearians reaching the end of their lifespan, although he was revived within the Dark Matter Space during the third season before joining the Dark Matter Empire. He later rejoined Yudias and his allies after Yuhi became Otes.
Characters.
UTS.
The Ultraterrestrial Tracker Squad / , or UTS for short, is a corporate entity run by Yuamu and Yuhi that specializes in getting rid of troublesome aliens. Most of the characters working for UTS resemble many of the side characters from "Yu-Gi-Oh! SEVENS" and it is implied that they may be their ancestors.
Voiced by: Mitsuki Nakamura (Japanese); Michael Silberblatt (English)
A veteran member of UTS and is the primary caretaker of Yuhi and Yuamu.
Voiced by: Yusuke Saeki
A veteran member of UTS and was formerly employed as an animation director.
Voiced by: Rei Miura
A veteran member of UTS.
Voiced by: Rie Kawamura
A veteran member of UTS, serving as the seamstress of the company.
Voiced by: Mari Uchiyama (Japanese); Diana Huey (English)
A veteran member of UTS.
Voiced by: Chado Horii (Japanese); Danny Kramer (English)
A veteran member of UTS.
Voiced by: Ryo Takizawa (Japanese); Kevin K. Gomez (English)
A veteran member of UTS, specializing in urban rumors.
Voiced by: Tomohiro Shiozaki (Japanese); Bryson Baugus (English)
A veteran member of UTS and the caterer of the company.
The Secrecy.
The Secrecy / , or MIK for short, is a corporate entity that cracks down on aliens that have come to Earth without proper authorization. They are also responsible for monitoring aliens that live on Earth in designated areas.
Voiced by:
The commander of MIK, spearheading a crackdown on aliens and their associates in Mutsuba Town.
Voiced by:
A Special Enforcement Officer of MIK, working directly under his older brother Phaser.
Voiced by: Yuna Kamakura
Serving as the head of the MIK headquarters, Ranran surveys the Alien Residential Area.
Voiced by: Kendell Byrd
An alien from Pawtner, Nyandestar inadvertently ends up in Mutsuba Town after her planet is attacked by The☆Lugh, where she and London devise a plan that leads her to join MIK and become Manabu's partner.
Voiced by: Enako
A prison guard for MIK who was promoted due to her mimicry abilities.
Voiced by: Takuto Yoshinaga
He resembles Booster Page and works for MIK, claiming to be Number One in the Astral Observation Division.
Voiced by: Takako Tanaka
Henry's younger sister.
Voiced by: Taichi Kusano
Henry's younger brother.
Voiced by: Aoi Ichikawa
A humanoid alien who, along with his partner, Damas, takes on the identity of a prophet known to the public as .
Rovian Bandits.
The Rovian Bandits is an organization of ruffians who strike terror into the aliens in the underground sector of the Alien Residential Area.
Voiced by: Tomori Kusunoki (Japanese); Abby Espiritu (English)
The queen of the Badloon Castle and the leader of the "Rovian Bandits". She later becomes an ally of Yudias, Yuamu and Yuhi during the second season. She seems to be Romin Kassidy's ancestor.
Voiced by: Kazuki Furuta (Japanese); James Brown Jr. (English)
Initially introduced as Manya's manager, London is later revealed to be a member of the Rovian Bandits. He seems to be Roa Kassidy's ancestor.
Voiced by: Kanon Takao (Japanese); Hayden Daviau (English)
The current president of Goha Company, who was reported missing in the Alien Residential Area by London, who hires UTS to find her. Alongside Asaka Mutsuba and Yuga Ohdo, Yuna helped to recreate Rush Dueling in the series.
In the second season, it is revealed that Yuna has romantic feelings for Yuga. When Kuaidal Velgear created the Kuaidal Spacetime, Yuna imagined a married life with Yuga but was left deeply affected when it was revealed to be fake. This ultimately drives her into a dangerous obsession with Yuga as she desires to enter the future and be with him regardless of the consequences. To this end, in the third season she forms a brief alliance with Yuamu and the Dark Matter Empire to transform Goha Company into Goha Corporation and later to create a Time Machine with the help of Yuhi when he becomes Otes. However, she betrays her former friends to use the machine for her own desires to be with Yuga. After entering the machine, her fate remains unknown.
Voiced by: Daisuke Nagumo (Japanese); Mark Lee (English)
A self-proclaimed student of noodle dipping, Menjaburo was reported to have gone missing after his encounter with Yuna, only to be revealed that he is directly under her employment.
Voiced by: Tomoya Yamamoto
A freelance journalist who covers exclusive news of Mutsuba Town, Netsuzo is approached by Yuna to join the Rovian Bandits in their pursuit for the underground Space Treasure.
Voiced by: Taku Yashiro
Also commonly known as . A ruler from the Arctic Nebula, his ship emerges beyond the Solar System and approaches the Earth. He is a minor antagonist of the first season, but later becomes an ally in the second season. He is implied to be Lucidian "Luke" Kallister's ancestor.
Voiced by: Yoshitsugu Matsuoka
He serves The☆Lugh, acting as his chief of staff. He is seemingly Nail Saionji's ancestor.
Voiced by: Ryota Iwasaki
One of the servants of The☆Lugh, participating in the Friendship Rush Duel Tournament.
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
He is responsible for the creation of the Velgearians and their endless war. It is later revealed that he is Otes’s Earthdama that was separated from Otes after his battle against Yuga Ohdo in the end of "Yu-Gi-Oh! SEVENS". After The Creator created Kuaidal Velgear, the first Velgearian, the latter absorbed The Creator into his heart to prevent him from leaving. As Kuaidal has since fused with Yudias, The Creator's fate remains unknown.
Voiced by: Subaru Kimura
The first Velgearian created by The Creator and thus the artificial blueprint for the entire Velgearian race. He was one of the main antagonists of the second season. He wishes to enjoy Rush Dueling before the end of his lifespan. As a result, he used various methods to achieve this goal by creating the distortive "Kuaidal Spacetime" and using "Darkness" cards to manipulate other characters. He is ultimately defeated by Yudias and fades from existence.
In the third season, Kuaidal revives within Yudias and becomes his partner, showing the ability to switch places with him. However, Yuna Goha eventually separates Yudias and Kuaidal in order to gain the latter's knowledge of time travel for her time machine. Whilst within Yudias' body, Kuaidal also discovered the power of Ritual Summoning and passed this technique down to Yudias.
Voiced by: Yūko Natsuyoshi
A Velgearian from the Velgear Star Cluster and one of Zuwijo's servants, being his self-proclaimed right-hand woman.
Voiced by: Tarusuke Shingaki
Commander of the Dudi Fleet in the Dudi Ducasse Star System.
Voiced by: Kengo Kawanishi (Japanese); Mike Liscio (English)
An alien who comes to Mutsuba Town, and has a connection to Yuhi, having been the alien who stole his Earthdamar.
Voiced by: Shin Yuki (Japanese); Seth Fuentes (English)
An alien who comes to Mutsuba Town, and is described as having a "strong obsession".
Voiced by: Takuma Nagatsuka
An alien currently in Manya's care, who initially came to Mutsuba Town to eliminate the Sogetsu Clan, until he had a change of heart after coming in contact with Manabu.
Voiced by: Yū Kobayashi (Japanese); Alice Himora (English)
An alien who works for Zuwijo.
Voiced by: Takaya Kuroda
An alien from the Jersey Devil Planet, currently residing in the Alien Residential Area of Mutsuba Town alongside his younger brothers.
Voiced by: Yusuke Tonozaki
An alien from the Jersey Devil Planet, currently residing in the Alien Residential Area of Mutsuba Town alongside his brothers George and Ofuruno.
Voiced by: Kyohei Natsume
An alien from the Jersey Devil Planet, currently residing in the Alien Residential Area of Mutsuba Town alongside his George and Jouge.
Voiced by: Kenji Nojima (Japanese); Henry Mason (English)
A Skyfish alien made up from multiple consciousnesses who reside in the Alien Residential Area of Mutsuba Town, and operate under the identity of the Informant.
Voiced by: Tatsuyuki Kobayashi
A Velgearian from the Velgear Star Cluster and one of Zuwijo zir Velgear's servants, tasked with infiltrating MIK and stealing the Earthdamar.
A Chapeau Alien, a type of parasitic alien that lives on the heads of humanoid aliens, who when with his partner Nomura takes on the identity of a prophet called .
Voiced by: Shūichirō Umeda
He owns a delivery service that is known throughout space for its speed and is from a family of that can transform into swords and hunt space dragons.
Voiced by: Minami Takahashi (Japanese); Jennifer Silverman (English)
The president of the Mutsuba Heavy Machinery and the de-facto leader of Mutsuba Town. Asaka, along with Yuga Ohdo and Yuna Goha, was responsible for the creation and distribution of Rush Duels. In the third season, Asaka constructs a mask based on Otes' mask as part of her plan to become Otes to ensure that Yuga's future happens, but her plan is foiled by Yuhi when he becomes Otes.
Voiced by: Hina Kino
Yuhi's Earthdama, having eventually gained free will after being extracted from his body and manifesting a physical body for themselves, and they are sought by Zuwijo as part of his plan to win the war in the Velgear Star Cluster.
Voiced by: Shota Hayama
A citizen of Mutsuba Town with a fascination towards rock balancing and tends to be confused for an alien.
Voiced by: Kentarō Kumagai
The host of Mutsuba Cable TV.
Voiced by: Saki Yasui
The only camera operator of Mutsuba Cable TV.
Voiced by: Rio Suzuki
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49102727 | "Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS" is the fifth main spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and the ninth anime series overall. It is produced by Gallop and broadcast by TV Tokyo. The series is directed by Masahiro Hosoda. The series follows Yusaku Fujiki and takes place in a high school environment in Den City. The series features Charisma Duelists who use VR and are similar to YouTubers. The show's theme is "Let's take one step forward and try it!" This season focuses on Yusaku and his allies having to battle Ai, who turns against them and attempts to seize control of SOL Technologies for his own plans. This season uses two theme songs. From episodes 104 to 120, the opening theme is by Kimeru, while the ending theme is by BiS.
The English dub of the season aired in Canada on Teletoon (episodes 104-108) from January 31, 2021 to February 28, 2021.
first premiered in Australia on 9Go! (episodes 109–120) from August 27, 2021 to September 13, 2021
Episode list.
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References.
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49102727 | The following is a list of characters from the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" anime series, "Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens".
Voiced by: Bryson Baugus
An enthusiastic fifth grader that tinkers with machines and makes up new rules, which applies to the making of Rush Duels. He became the true King of Duels after defeating both Luke and Otes. After defeating Otes, both he and Yuga disappear into the past alongside Kaizo for two years before returning; Yuga also appears in "Yu-Gi-Oh! GO RUSH!!" and ends up recreating Rush Duels in the past during the time he was missing in space.
Voiced by: Matthew Gumley
An aspiring lad, who aims to become the "King of Duels" by partaking in Yuga's Rush Duels. He has an alleged "power" that triggers a Pauli effect, causing machinery to temporarily shut down.It was later found out it was a watch his grandfather gave him that has the ability to cause machines to shut down.
Voiced by: Barrett Leddy
An adamant, disciplined member of the student council of Goha 7th Elementary.
Voiced by: Abby Espiritu
A guitarist of the "RoaRomin" band, who takes an interest in duelling after receiving a card from a musician she admires.
Voiced by: Kazuki Furuta (Japanese); James Brown Jr. (English)
Romin's cousin and leader of the "RoaRomin" band. He became Yuga's rival early in the series after spying on him to learn about Rush Duels, but later became his friend.
Voiced by: Yoshitsugu Matsuoka (Japanese); Y. Chang (English)
The overseer of Goha Duels, and steals the data of Kaizo to aid in his efforts to erase Rush Dueling. He is also the first known person to Maximum Summon.
Voiced by: Minami Takahashi (Japanese); Jennifer Silverman (English)
The heir to the Mutsuba Heavy Machinery company, which helped construct Goha City, and the leader of the Heavy Cavalry Duel Club, to the extent that she has power over the entire school.
Voiced by: Grace Choi
The student council vice president who assists Gavin with the student council's duties and enforces discipline at Goha 7th. Rino's twin sister. She's in love with Yuga.
Voiced by: Chiaki Kobayashi (Japanese); Evan Maltby (English)
The student council secretary who assists Gavin with the student council's duties and enforces discipline at Goha 7th. Rayne's twin brother. He's devoted to Gavin.But we actually see she was working for nail and quit then between the rush deul tournament arc she came back and left again.
Voiced by: Kevin Cutliffe
One of Yuga's friends.
Voiced by:
One of Yuga's friends.
Voiced by:
The Newspaper Club's head.They were criticizing rush deuls in the yuga 7 newspapers until he deuled and he saw how fun rush deuls were.
Voiced by:
The Newspaper Club's interviewer.
Voiced by:
The Newspaper Club's photographer.
Voiced by: Takuma Nagatsuka (Japanese); Marc Thompson / Henry Mason (English)
Mimi's son and though he loves Rush Duels, this brings him into conflict with his mother.
Voiced by: Saeko Kamijo (Japanese); Cat Protano (English)
Lucidien's older sister, and the president of the Concert Band Club. She's Asana's childhood friend.But they separated because of a feud involving luke himself when they were kids thinking asana abandoned her in the search for the missing luke.
Voiced by: Caleb Yen
A fifth grader from Goha 3rd Elementary who loves ramen and dreams of creating new rules that fuse ramen and Dueling together one day.In the goha siblings arc in season 2 when yuga made the app that makes up several deuling systems Saburaman made Ramon deuling.
Voiced by: Ryōta Ōsaka
The leader of the Washing Club. He works for Nail Saionji and he's the weakest member of the Garden of Curiosity.He cheats in deuls and it was shown in several deuls.
Voiced by: Yuki Sakakihara
A sixth grader at Goha 2nd Elementary and the Dueling & Dinosaur Research Club president. In season 1 his club and yugas friends were looking for a deuling kaiju but when he wanted to get it for himself he thought it was then selfish and his grandad wouldn't do that so he stopped and learnt his lesson.
Voiced by: Risae Matsuda
A student at Goha 2nd Elementary and a member of the Dueling & Dinosaur Research Club. His called tracker because he can sense artifacts or things by sneezing.
Voiced by: Ryōta Suzuki
A student at Goha 2nd Elementary, and is the Dueling & Dinosaur Research Club vice-chairman.
Voiced by: Makoto Furukawa
The captain of the Goha Aquatic Elementary ship and a Fisherman Duelist.
Voiced by: Mitsuki Nakamura (Japanese); Michael Silberblatt (English)
The tactical advisor of the Heavy Cavalry Duel Club.
Voiced by: Yugo Sato (Japanese); Robb Morelia (English)
A member of the Heavy Cavalry Duel Club, and is constantly accompanied by Pidgetrap, his pet pigeon.
Schubel's pet pigeon and is considered a Tactical Advisor of Goha 6th Elementary's Heavy Cavalry Duel Club.
Voiced by: YouthK Saeki (Japanese); Nicholas Corda (English)
The former president of the Student Council at Goha 6th Elementary, who holds the "Dark Rush Duel Tournament" in defiance of the Heavy Cavalry Duel Club's stance on Rush Duels.
Voiced by: Chitose Morinaga (Japanese); Daisy Guevara (English)
An "assassin" who works for Goha 6th Elementary's Heavy Cavalry Duel Club, though she claims to be from the Shiatsu Nether-Empire.
Voiced by: Chado Horii (Japanese); Danny Kramer (English)
The mechanic of Goha 6th Elementary's Heavy Cavalry Duel Club.
Voiced by: Sara Matsumoto
She works with Jango and Genri in the Student Council.
Voiced by: Yoshiki Nakajima (Japanese); Billy Bob Thompson (English)
He works for Nail Saionji and is the president of the Duel Mad Scientists.
Voiced by: Takuto Yoshinaga
The president of the Duelstronauts.
Voiced by: Kentaro Kumagai (Japanese); Zachary Owen Turner (English)
A member of the Duelstronauts.
Voiced by: Sara Matsumoto (Japanese); Laurie Hymes (English)
A member of the Duelstronauts.
Voiced by: Ayaka Takamura (Japanese); Christina Costello (English)
Rayne and Rino's cousin, she is the President of the Battle Bug Club, and she's Yuga Ohdo's childhood friend.
Voiced by: Yuki Yonai
A student at Goha 4th Elementary and the President of the Zombie Duel Club.
Voiced by: Hajime Shacho (Japanese); Brent Mukai (English)
The mysterious president of Goha Enterprises and subsequently the de facto ruler of Goha City. The stress of his job eventually gets to him, and he is discarded by the President Drone.
Voiced by: Hajime Shacho (Japanese); Brent Mukai (English)
It assists President Goha in running the Goha Corporation, as it has done with many past presidents of the company. It was created to help the substitute Goha President while the Goha 6 were in space.
Voiced by: Rio Suzuki (Japanese); Anjali Kunapaneni (English)
The Number 6 among the "Top of the Hexagon", the six executives of the Goha Enterprises, and she is sent to Goha #7 Elementary undercover as a transfer student to investigate Rush Dueling. Mimi aspires to ascend to the rank of Goha President. Mimi is demoted for her failure to keep her fellow Tops in check when they attempted to fire Nail. However, she discovers the Goha President after he collapses and becomes the new President after being chosen by the President Drone. She is evicted from her position after the return of the Goha 6. In the end of the series, she becomes the Vice-President of Goha Enterprises.
Voiced by: Mari Kawano
Machines which control the duel rules. They have different colors and shapes.
Voiced by: Mateo Ervin
The main antagonist of the series, who is an official that works in the Development Department of Goha Corp where he created the Sevens Roads series and gave them to Yuga when he was a child. He is also known as the , an urban legend in Goha City challenging duelists to test them to see if they're worthy to be known as the 'King of Duels'. He formed a faction with Celestia Noodlina, Terra Kneedalina, Prioria Sweedalina, Oceania Illumilina, Ghostia Taxilina, Konvoy Sagawa, and President Drone.
In the series finale, Otes is defeated by Yuga and disappears into space alongside him; he doesn't return two years later leaving his fate unknown. Otes' identity and face is never revealed in the series; in the following series, "Yu-Gi-Oh! GO RUSH!!", which is set in the past, Otes' identity becomes a significant plot point as several characters eventually attempt to become Otes to ensure the timeline of "SEVENS" takes place. Otes is later revealed to have survived his final Duel against Yuga and ended up in the Sengoku era, recreating Rush Duels in that time period.
Voiced by: Yōhei Tadano (Japanese); Wayne Grayson (English)
A Goha Corporation Drone, specifically a massage chair drone, who serves as Nail's butler and throne. After Nail was defeated, he was assigned to aid Yuga and his friends. Nail fixed him after his duel with Terra Kneedalina.
Voiced by: Chitose Morinaga (Japanese); Daisy Guevara (English)
She resembles Celestia and Terra, and claims to have come from an ancient civilization, though she works as an announcer for the Goha Corporation during the Goha Rush Duel Team Battle Royal, though her true masters are Goha 66.
Voiced by: Jouji Nakata
He leads the organization of the same name; Goha 66, and is plotting to take control of the Goha Corporation.
Voiced by: Chitose Morinaga (Japanese); Daisy Guevara (English)
She resembles Celestia, Terra, and Prioria; she replaces the latter as an announcer for the Goha Rush Duel Team Battle Royal after her departure back to the past.
Voiced by: Takuya Eguchi (Japanese); Alejandro Saab (English)
A Turbo Duelist and the eldest of the Goha 6. He also one of the six true presidents of Goha Corporation and a student of Goha Space Elementary.
Voiced by: Masaki Yano (Japanese); Glen Feinstein (English)
He describes himself as a "Maritime Duelist" and he is the second-eldest of the Goha 6. He is also one of the six true presidents of Goha Corporation and a student of Goha Space Elementary.
Voiced by: Soma Saito (Japanese); Peej Mele (English)
He is described as the most mysterious and reserved member of the Goha 6 and is the third-eldest. He is also one of the six true presidents of Goha Corporation and a student of Goha Space Elementary.
Voiced by: Akari Tadano (Japanese); Daisy Guevara (English)
The only female member of the Goha 6. She is also one of the six true presidents of Goha Corporation and a student of Goha Space Elementary.
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita (Japanese); Kieran Regan (English)
One of the Goha 6, and the one who set in motion the plan to challenge Yuga and his friends to Duels by holding the Super Rush Robot hostage, though he also has his own goals behind the scenes. He is also one of the six true presidents of Goha Corporation and a student of Goha Space Elementary.
Voiced by: Yuri Ise (Japanese); Christian A. Guerrero (English)
One of the Goha 6 and the most dangerous to the point that Yuo sealed his memories when he attempted to take over the world, becoming a shy boy in a chameleon suit named , who became a member of the Rush Duel Club. However, Swirls returned to his former self and resumes his place as one of the six true presidents of Goha Corporation.
Voiced by: Jake Paque
A 'road' that Yuga Ohdo invented after modifying a Goha Corp Drone. After Yuga defeats Otes in the series finale, Kaizo disappears into space alongside Yuga but seemingly returns with him two years later; Kaizo also returns in "Yu-Gi-Oh! GO RUSH!!".
Voiced by: Rie Kawamura (Japanese); Grace Choi (English)
Known by the stage name of is a first-rate Duelist and musician who was responsible for giving Romin Kassidy the card "Prima Guitarna the Shining Superstar".She desided to quit after the goha men wanted her to help making a song to destroy the reputation of rush deuls and she worked as a teacher but then quit being a teacher .
Voiced by: TBA (Japanese); Kevin K. Gomez (English)
The bassist of RoaRomin.
Voiced by: Rei Miura (Japanese); Barrett Leddy (English)
The drummer of RoaRomin and Roa Kassidy's childhood friend.He always has feuds with roa because roa steals attention and is selfish.
Voiced by: Tomohiro Shiozaki (Japanese); Bryson Baugus (English)
A friend of Saburamen.
Voiced by: Mari Uchiyama
A friend of Saburamen.
Voiced by: Chitose Morinaga (Japanese); Daisy Guevara (English)
A petite young girl who works at a ramen store in the Garden of Curiosity and claims to be an alien from the Menmen system of the Ra Nebula. Saburaman has a crush on her it is later found out she works for otas.
References.
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49102727 | "Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!" is the seventh spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and the eleventh anime series overall. It is produced by Bridge and broadcast on TV Tokyo. The series is directed by Nobuhiro Kondo. Toshimitsu Takeuchi is in charge of series' scripts, and Kazuko Tadano and Hiromi Matsushita are designing the characters. This season follows Yudias, Yuhi and Yuamu as they face several new threats including the Ryugu Brothers and Kuaidal Velgear, as they discover the origins of the Velgearians and their eventual fate.
This season uses three theme songs. From Episodes 52–102, the opening theme is "Soul Galaxy" by BRADIO. From episodes 52-77, the first ending theme is Cosmos" by Taichi Mukai. From episodes 78–102, the second ending theme is by 175R.
Episode list.
;onlyinclude ;
;/onlyinclude ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 13 | null | 59 | null |
49102727 | "Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!" is the seventh spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and the eleventh anime series overall. It is produced by Bridge and broadcast on TV Tokyo. The series is directed by Nobuhiro Kondo. Toshimitsu Takeuchi is in charge of series' scripts, and Kazuko Tadano and Hiromi Matsushita are designing the characters. This season follows Yudias and Yuhi as they battle against Yuamu, who has become the leader of a new faction called the Dark Matter Empire, as part of her ultimate plan to become "Otes" for the sake of her descendant Yuga Ohdo's future.
This season uses two theme songs. From Episodes 103 onwards, the opening theme is by Masayoshi Oishi. From episodes 103 to 127, the first ending theme is by Ayaka Nanase. From 128 onwards, the second ending theme is "It Won't Be Goodbye" by Ayaka Nanase, replacing "STAR RUSH".
Episode list.
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References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 14 | null | 59 | null |
49102727 | "Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS" is the fifth main spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and the ninth anime series overall. It is produced by Gallop and broadcast by TV Tokyo. The series is directed by Masahiro Hosoda. The series follows Yusaku Fujiki. It takes place in a high school environment in Den City. The series features Charisma Duelists who use VR and are similar to YouTubers. The show's theme is "Let's take one step forward and try it!" This season focuses on Yusaku's battles against the Knights of Hanoi to uncover the truth behind the "Lost Incident". This season uses three pieces of theme music. From episodes 1–46, the first opening theme is by Hiroaki "Tommy" Tominaga. From episodes 1–24, the first ending theme is by Royga. From episodes 25–46, the second ending theme is "Writing Life" by Goodbye Holiday.
The English dub of the season aired on Teletoon in Canada from September 2018 to February 2019. In the United States the season aired on ToonBlast from November 7, 2020 to May 8, 2021
Episode list.
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;/onlyinclude ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 15 | null | 59 | null |
49102727 | "Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS" is the fifth main spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and the ninth anime series overall. It is produced by Gallop and broadcast by TV Tokyo. The series is directed by Masahiro Hosoda. The series follows Yusaku Fujiki. It takes place in a high school environment in Den City. The series features Charisma Duelists who use VR and are similar to YouTubers. The show's theme is "Let's take one step forward and try it!" This season follows Yusaku and his allies who become involved in the war between the Ignis and humanity, spearheaded by the Light Ignis Lightning and the advanced A.I "Bohman". This season uses five theme songs. From episodes 47–102, the first opening theme is "Go Forward" by Kimeru. From episodes 47–70, the first ending theme is "BOY" by uchuu. From episodes 71–95, the second ending theme is by Band-Maid. From episodes 96–103, the third ending theme is by Bis. From episode 103, the opening theme is "Calling" (コーリング, Kōringu) by Kimeru.
The English dub of the season aired in Canada on Teletoon from September 2019 to January 2021.
Episode list.
;onlyinclude ;
;/onlyinclude ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 16 | null | 59 | null |
49102727 | "Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!" is the seventh spin-off anime series in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" franchise and the eleventh anime series overall. It is produced by Bridge and broadcast on TV Tokyo. The series is directed by Nobuhiro Kondo. Toshimitsu Takeuchi is in charge of series' scripts, and Kazuko Tadano and Hiromi Matsushita are designing the characters. This season follows Yudias, Yuhi and Yuamu as they face off against Zuwijo Zwil Velgear, Yudias' commander, who is seeking to use Rush Duels to forcibly end the war in their homeworld.
An edited English-language dub premiered in the United States on Disney XD on January 11, 2025.
This season uses two theme songs. From episodes 1 to 51, the opening theme is (Mirage) by Frederic while the ending theme is "One Way" by Yūsuke Saeki.
Episode list.
;onlyinclude ;
;/onlyinclude ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 17 | null | 59 | null |
27978271 | Species of mammal
;templatestyles src="Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css" / ;
The Glacier Bay water shrew (Sorex alaskanus) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Alaska in the United States. It can swim underwater, and when it stops swimming, air trapped in its fur lets it float back up to the surface. Owing to small hairs on its feet, the water shrew can run across the water. Its fur is water resistant, although if it does get wet it returns to shore to dry itself with its hind feet. It eats aquatic fly nymphs and terrestrial invertebrates.
References.
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19
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] |
27978271 | 2014 play by Kim Davies
Smoke is a one-act play by American playwright and screenwriter Kim Davies. The two-hander play, set entirely in the kitchen of a New York City apartment, tells of the meeting of Julie and John, two young people at a BDSM sex party. As this privileged college student and jaded wannabe artist spark a connection, their cat-and-mouse power politics climax into a thrilling and disturbing climax with irreparable and unsettling consequences. Davies originally began with August Strindberg's "Miss Julie" as the inspiration for her modern drama, as well as her experiences of the BDSM scene in New York City during her time studying on Mac Wellman's MFA playwriting program at Brooklyn College. Davies started writing "Smoke" during her second year at Brooklyn College.
Themes.
"Smoke" explores themes of gender, power, complicity consent, and sexual assault. The New York Times says "the play gives us two self-possessed contemporary young New Yorkers in a kitchen at an uptown sex party" and describes the story as fundamentally "a man and a woman alone in a room, grappling with the overwhelming question of power — who holds it, and how it will be used — in an arena of escalating sexual tension." The play has been praised for moving the conversation around consent and sexual assault into more nuanced territory, as well as telling a story that takes BDSM seriously as a real practice; BDSM and kink has traditionally been treated with cynicism and disrespect, and not properly interrogated onstage and in the media. The play addresses issues of date rape culture in America where sexual assault became almost permissible amongst young people. Davies worked as an anti-rape activist within the BDSM community.
The play also explores a dysfunctional father-daughter relationship, toxic masculinity, class, and the challenges of pursuing a career in the arts where internships and creative 'opportunities' can border on the abusive and exploit young people desperate for a career as an artist.
"Smoke" has many similarities with "Miss Julie", first and foremost the similarity in the characters' names - Julie and Jean in "Miss Julie", Julie and John in "Smoke". Similarly to "Miss Julie", "Smoke" engages with under-explored conversations around gender roles, sex, power dynamics, and consent.
Davies sees "Smoke" as a development of the conversation around consent and complicity, and an attempt to dispel the myth of the 'perfect victim'. Unlike Strindberg's "Miss Julie", Davies expands Julie's voice further and, despite the pain present in the story, allows Julie to find a form of empowerment by not being totally decimated by her experience in the way Strindberg's Julie takes her own life at the end of his play. Davies' Julie is a survivor.
Productions.
The play premiered at the Flea Theater in New York City, directed by Tom Costello and starring Madeleine Bundy and Stephen Stout, where it was the Critics' Pick of The New York Times and Time Out New York. In 2022, it was announced that "Smoke" would receive its London Premiere at the Southwark Playhouse in London directed by Polina Kalinina and Júlia Levai, and starring Oli Higginson and Meaghan Martin. There have also been well-received productions in Philadelphia at the Exile Theatre and at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh in Scotland.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 19 | [
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11658771 |
The 1976 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 2, 1976. All fifty states and The District of Columbia were part of the 1976 United States presidential election. State voters chose four electors to represent them in the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
New Mexico was won by President Gerald Ford by a 2-point lead. A very partisan election in New Mexico, only one percent of the electorate voted for third-party candidates. While Ford took the State of New Mexico, and much of the American Southwest and Midwest, Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter won the electoral college with 297 votes, and was elected president.
A reliable bellwether state in presidential elections up to this point, this was the first election since gaining statehood that New Mexico did not back the winning presidential candidate, and the first time New Mexico did not back the national popular-vote winner until 2024 (in 2000 and 2016, it voted for the candidate who won the popular vote but not the electoral vote). As of the 2024 presidential election[ [update]], this is the last election in which Torrance County and Quay County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.
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] |
11658771 | The 1935 Boston Braves season was the 65th season of the franchise. The Braves finished with the worst record in the National League and the majors, with a record of 38 wins and 115 losses.
In an attempt to make his dream come true to manage, Babe Ruth came to the Braves in February 1935. He was hired as vice president and assistant manager, and team owner Emil Fuchs promised Ruth a share of team profits.
Regular season.
On opening day, Babe Ruth was part of all of the Braves' runs in a 4–2 win over the New York Giants. However, Ruth was only a shadow of his former self. Although he had a fairly decent season in 1934, years of high living had begun taking their toll on his conditioning. His deterioration became more pronounced in early 1935. He couldn't run, and his fielding was so terrible that three of the Braves' pitchers threatened to go on strike if Ruth was in the lineup. A month into the season, Ruth stopped hitting as well. It soon became obvious that Ruth's titles as vice president and assistant manager were mere window dressing, and that he was only on the team due to the attention he commanded. He also discovered that rather than give him a share of the Braves' profits, Fuchs expected him to invest some of "his" money in the team.
Seeing a team in utter collapse and realizing he was finished even as a part-time player, Ruth retired on June 1, six days after he had what remains one of the most memorable afternoons in baseball history. He clouted what turned out to be the last three home runs of his career in a game at Forbes Field while playing the Pittsburgh Pirates. He'd wanted to quit as early as May 12, but Fuchs wanted him to hang on so he could play in every National League park. Fuchs lost control of the team soon afterward.
Despite fielding essentially the same team that finished fourth a year earlier, the 1935 season quickly turned into a debacle. In fact, their Opening Day win was the only time they were over .500 all year. They won only four games in May, and by the time Ruth retired they were 9-27, their season all but finished. They ultimately finished 38–115, the worst season in franchise history. Their .248 winning percentage is tied for the seventh-worst in baseball history, and the sixth-worst in National League history. It is the second-worst in modern baseball history (behind only the 1916 Philadelphia Athletics), and the worst in modern National League history. During the season, Braves pitcher Ben Cantwell would be the last pitcher in the 20th century to lose at least 25 games in one season. The only highlight was outfielder Wally Berger, who led the League in home runs (34) and RBIs (130).
Season standings.
;templatestyles src="MLB standings/styles.css"/ ;
Player stats.
Batting.
Starters by position.
"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in"
Other batters.
"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in"
Pitching.
Starting pitchers.
"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts"
Other pitchers.
"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts"
Relief pitchers.
"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts"
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 21 | [
20,
22
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11658771 | Pre-WW2 nightclub district
The Eldorado was the name of multiple nightclubs and performance venues in Berlin before the and World War II. The name of the cabaret Eldorado has become an integral part of the popular iconography of the Weimar Republic. Two of the five locations the club occupied in its history are known to have catered to a gay crowd, although attendees would have included not only gay, lesbian, and bisexual patrons but also those identifying as heterosexual (some of whom were artists, authors, celebrities, or tourists).
"Cross-dressing" was tolerated on the premises, though for the most part legally prohibited and/or sharply regulated in public (and to an extent in private) at the time. This exception to everyday life attracted not only male patrons who wished to dress in the "clothing of the opposite sex" but also women who wished to do the same. Wealthy onlookers were encouraged to come and drink and watch as so-called "Zechenmacher" (tab payers).
The practice was particularly common in so-called "lesbian bars" or "lesbian balls" in the neighborhood at the time, and up to the 1960s in places like the Nationalhof at nearby Bülowstraße 37. As women's incomes were then on average much lower than men's, male spectators with money to spend were explicitly welcome, and it was not uncommon for there to be sex workers present to offer their services.
However, the eradication during the Nazi period of any and all references to queer life in Germany was so thorough that very little explicit public, or even archival, reference to the clubs' queer history remained by 1945. Criminalization made researching, speaking, or writing about queer realities a legal risk during the first decades following WWII, not only in Germany. That the cabaret Eldorado is remembered at all is due in no small part to its central role in inspiring the novels of the Anglo-American author Christopher Isherwood, and to the Broadway musical and 1972 film "Cabaret", which was inspired by Isherwood's novels. At the same time, historians and activists of the and of the ensuing began piecing back together what is now called . Eldorado thereby became a prominent part of the telling of LGBTIQ+ histories.
Former locations.
These are some of the known locations of Eldorado, listed by descending date of opening:
History.
Ludwig Konjetschni owned three of the Eldorado locations (Kantstraße, Lutherstraße, Motzstraße), two of which were known gay spaces (Lutherstraße, and Motzstraße). Many of the details about the history of the Lutherstraße club were published in the German book "Ein Führer durch das lasterhafte Berlin: Das deutsche Babylon 1931" (English: A Guide Through Licentious Berlin: The German Babylon 1931) authored by Curt Moreck (pseudonym for Konrad Haemmerling); and the German book "Berlins lesbische Frauen" (1928) authored by Ruth Margarete Roellig.
Paragraph 175, a provision in the German Criminal Code from 1871 until 1994, made homosexual acts between males a crime. Places like Eldorado offered same-sex dancing partners through a membership system, they issued coins.
The performances at the club were diverse and included effeminate men dancng whilst dressed in women's clothing, and a man singing Parisian-sounding songs in a high-pitched soprano. Marlene Dietrich performed at the club. Additionally they would throw fancy balls and costume parties. Eldorado also included what have come to be called drag shows as a regular part of the cabaret performances. There were numerous somewhat similar establishments to Eldorado during its day. The club has been described by writers and artists, and has been immortalized in paintings and photographs.
Closure of Motzstraße 15.
In December 1932, the Berlin Police President Kurt Melcher ordered a closure of all the "homosexual dance pleasures"; this forced closure of more than a dozen clubs. A few weeks later the Nazis were in power. Ernst Röhm was a regular at the club prior to the closure. Hitler was appointed chancellor in January 1933, and shortly afterward the Nazis seized the club space at Motzstraße 15 to use it as the Sturmabteilung (SA) headquarters. By May 1933, Berlin's Institut für Sexualwissenschaft ("Institute for Sexual Science") was also raided by the Nazis.
Starting in 2015, the location is an organic grocery store.
Legacy.
The club was written about in the German nonfiction book (), authored by Curt Moreck (pseudonym for Konrad Haemmerling). Two of the fiction novels by Christopher Isherwood are partially set at the Eldorado; "Mr Norris Changes Trains" (1935; U.S. edition titled "The Last of Mr Norris") and "Goodbye to Berlin" (1939).
Artist Christian Schad painted the portrait "Count St. Genois d'Anneaucourt in 1927" (1927) which is now held at the Centre Pompidou; on the right side of the painting is a well-known transsexual who was a regular at the Eldorado. Otto Dix's watercolor painting "Eldorado" (1927) and Ernst Fritsch's triptych painting (1929) immortalized the club.
Largely overlooked in the telling of Eldorado's LGBT history is the building at (former) Motzstraße 15's role in the West German beginnings of the second gay and lesbian movement. Coincidentally, it was in former Motzstraße 15, by that time renumbered as , where the founders of the first lesbian and gay organization in Germany after World War II officially formed a group called the (HAW) on 15 August 1971. The HAW gave rise to the West German LGBT movement, and to an extent to the former East German LGBT movement. The group's relative obscurity in the present could in part be due some of its members' expressed political ideas at that time, that may seem politically inopportune to some in the political atmosphere of the present day.
The first Berlin radio station that featured gay content, Eldoradio (1985–1991) was named after the nightclub.
In 2023, Netflix released the documentary "".
Notable people.
A list of notable people associated with the Eldorado club:
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 22 | [
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] |
7634710 | Barbadian-born British singer
Zeeteah Silveta Massiah (born December 24, 1956) is a Barbadian-born British singer particularly associated with reggae, jazz and house music.
In a wide-ranging career she has recorded and/or toured with artists including Robbie Williams, Tom Jones, Michael Jackson, Phil Collins, Sting and Leo Sayer. She is best known in the United States as the lead vocalist on the 1993 "Billboard" No.1 dance hit Slide on the Rhythm.
Massiah was born in Saint John, Barbados and grew up in London. In 2001 she moved to Germany, and in 2012 returned to England, where she now lives.
Biography.
Born in Barbados, Zeeteah moved to London with her parents when she was five years old. Her first name was originally spelled Zeitia. As a teenager she recorded a cover of The Jackson 5's "We Got A Good Thing Going" in a reggae style for RG Records. She went on to record two more reggae tracks for the label.
In 1984, Massiah appeared for nine months as Chiffon in the hit musical "Little Shop of Horrors" in London.
She has been an additional vocalist for artists including Barry Manilow and Boy George, and toured with Climie Fisher and Paul Weller. In 1988, she sang with Kim Wilde on the European leg of Michael Jackson's BAD tour and, in 1994/95, toured the world with Tom Jones. She has also toured extensively with Eikichi Yazawa and Johnny Hallyday, among the most successful rock stars in Japan and France respectively.
In 1993, Massiah was the lead vocalist on the Arizona track "Slide on the Rhythm", later remixed by C&C Music Factory, which was a No. 1 hit on the "Billboard" Dance Chart in the US. She went on to record "I Specialise in Love" with Arizona, which was a UK chart hit.
On the back of her success with Arizona, Massiah signed a deal with Virgin Records, and released two singles: "Sexual Prime", which was a UK club hit, and "This Is The Place", which charted on the UK Singles Chart. In 1996 she was a UK finalist in the Eurovision Song Contest with "A Little Love".
In 2001, Massiah moved to Cologne, Germany, where she worked with a wide range of musicians, and recorded the single "Lovely Deep". During this time she spent nine months as featured singer in the hit show "Fantissima", and spent three months touring Japan with Eikichi Yazawa.
In 2012, she returned to London to be with her partner Paul Caplin, and the two were married in 2016. Massiah performs regularly in London, playing songs composed by Caplin as well as her own interpretations of musical classics. She has released two albums produced by Caplin: "Juice" (2014), an album of original songs, and "Maybe Tomorrow" (2016), a collection of classics. The duo also released the single "All You" on 13 July 2018 under the name Caplin & Massiah. On 18 November 2022 Massiah released "Wat A Ting", an album of reggae and dancehall music.
In 2024 Massiah and Caplin launched Caplin & Massiah, a new musical project.. Their first single was released in October 2024 and they are currently working on an album.
References.
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] |
7634710 | Northernmost point of Mallorca, Spain
Cap de Formentor () is the northernmost point of Mallorca, on the Formentor peninsula.
Location.
Cap de Formentor is located on the northernmost point of the Balearic Island Mallorca in Spain. Its highest point, "Fumat", is 384 m above sea level. It has many associated bays, including "Cala Figuera", "Cala Murta" and "Cala Pi de la Posada".
The Mallorcans also call the cape the "Meeting point of the winds".
History.
In 1863, the Formentor Lighthouse was opened, the remote and rugged location on the Cap de Formentor making construction difficult. The only access was from the sea or via a long mule track.
Following the death of the renowned Mallorcan poet Miquel Costa i Llobera, author of the famous poem The Pine of Formentor and owner the Cap de Formentor peninsula, it was divided into lots and sold. In 1928 Adan Diehl, an Argentinian native and art lover, decided to build the Hotel Formentor.
The 13.5 km road which runs from Port de Pollença to Cap de Formentor was built by the Mallorcan engineer Antonio Parietti in 1925. He also constructed the snake road to Sa Calobra. As usual for mountain roads, when the slope is too steep, the road has to go oblique and switch direction when needed.
Attractions.
The headland has a number of lookout and viewing points, including "Mirador del Mal Pas", also named "Mirador d'es Colomer" after the small island "Colomer". The panorama from Mallorca's Finisterre illuminates Menorca in the east, Cala Figuera in the west, and Alcudia with its sandy beach in the south. However, the view of the cliffs below is not for sufferers of vertigo as sea roars 300m below and the winds on the headland can be vicious.
In the southeastern part, by "Racó de Xot", there is a cave with an opening into the sea. It has two entrances located about 8 meters over the surface of the water. The cave has a length of 90 meters and a height of 8 meters and is one of the most important sources of information for the prehistoric talaiot culture.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 24 | [
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48409919 | 2008 dystopian novel by Suzanne Collins
The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian young adult novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins. It is written in the perspective of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the future, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America. The Capitol, a highly advanced metropolis, exercises political control over the rest of the nation. The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12–18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle royale to the death.
The book received critical acclaim from major reviewers and authors. It was praised for its plot and character development. In writing "The Hunger Games", Collins drew upon Greek mythology, Roman gladiatorial games, and contemporary reality television for thematic content. The novel won many awards, including the California Young Reader Medal, and was named one of "Publishers Weekly"'s "Best Books of the Year" in 2008.
"The Hunger Games" was first published in hardcover on September 14, 2008, by Scholastic, featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien. It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook. After an initial print of 200,000, the book had sold 800,000 copies by February 2010. Since its release, "The Hunger Games" has been translated into 26 languages, and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories. The novel is the first in "The Hunger Games" trilogy, followed by "Catching Fire" (2009) and "Mockingjay" (2010). A film adaptation, directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself, was released in 2012.
Background.
Collins has said that the inspiration for "The Hunger Games" came from channel surfing on television. On one channel she observed people competing on a reality show and on another she saw footage of the invasion of Iraq. The two "began to blur in this very unsettling way" and the idea for the book was formed. The Greek myth of Theseus served as a major basis for the story, with Collins describing Katniss as a futuristic Theseus, and Roman gladiatorial games provided the framework. The sense of loss that Collins developed through her father's service in the Vietnam War was also an influence on the story, with Katniss having lost her father at age 11, five years before the story begins. Collins stated that the deaths of young characters and other "dark passages" were the most difficult parts of the book to write, but that she had accepted that passages such as these were necessary to the story. She considered the moments where Katniss reflects on happier moments in her past to be more enjoyable.
Plot.
In the nation of Panem, established in the remains of North America after an apocalyptic event, the wealthy Capitol exploits the twelve surrounding districts for their natural resources and labor. As punishment for a past failed rebellion against the Capitol, which resulted in the obliteration of District 13, one boy and one girl between the ages of 12 and 18 from each of the remaining districts are selected by an annual lottery to participate in the Hunger Games, a contest in which the "tributes" must fight to the death in an outdoor arena until only one remains.
16-year-old Katniss Everdeen from District 12, a coal-rich region, volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games in place of her 12-year-old sister, Primrose. The male tribute is Peeta Mellark, a former schoolmate of Katniss who once gave her bread from his family's bakery when her family was starving. In the days leading up to the Games in the Capitol, they are advised by their drunken mentor, Haymitch Abernathy, the sole living District 12 victor of the Games; chaperone Effie Trinket; and various stylists to enhance their public perception to get potential sponsors, who might later send potentially life-saving gifts. Katniss's stylist, Cinna, designs costumes for Katniss and Peeta that set them apart from the tributes when introduced to the public. During their evaluation by the Gamemakers, Katniss gets the highest score among the tributes. Meanwhile, Rue, the petite 12-year-old girl tribute from District 11, follows Katniss and Peeta around during the training sessions. On the day before the games, in a televised interview, Peeta reveals his long-unrequited love for Katniss. Shocked, Katniss believes this is a ploy to gain sponsors, but later accepts this as sincere. Haymitch promotes their image as "star-crossed lovers".
The Games begin, and nearly half the tributes are killed at the start whilst fighting over weapons and supplies in an area in the center of the arena known as the Cornucopia. Katniss disregards Haymitch's earlier advice to flee immediately and nearly dies but uses her well-practiced hunting and survival skills to hide in the woods. Days later, an artificial fire drives Katniss toward the others. She is spotted and chased up a tree by the "Career tributes", tributes who are trained from childhood to compete in the Games, from Districts 1, 2, and 4, and Peeta, who seems to have allied with them. Rue, hiding in a nearby tree, alerts Katniss to a “tracker jacker” nest. Katniss cuts it down, releasing the flying insects, which are genetically modified to track whoever disturbs their nest and have venom that targets the section of their victims’ minds that houses fear. Their venom kills two of the Careers and drives the others away, but Katniss is stung and begins hallucinating. Peeta returns, but instead of killing her, tells her to run away. Katniss later allies with Rue, who is fatally wounded by a tribute from District 1 while Katniss destroys the careers' supplies. Katniss murders Rue's killer with an arrow and accompanies Rue as she dies. She spreads flowers over Rue's body to show her defiance against the Capitol. In gratitude, Rue's district sends Katniss a loaf of bread.
A rule change is announced, allowing the tributes from the same district to win as a pair. Katniss finds Peeta (who only allied with the Careers to protect Katniss) camouflaged into a riverbank, having been injured by Cato, one of the Careers. She nurses Peeta back to health as best she can, but he is still gravely injured. Katniss pretends to be madly in love with Peeta in an attempt to gain gifts from sponsors. When the Gamemakers send a delivery of what each contestant needs most, Katniss risks her life to obtain medicine for Peeta. She is intercepted by Career Tribute Clove, who gloats over Rue's death and tries to kill Katniss, but is killed by Thresh, the male District 11 tribute, who spares Katniss for Rue's sake. The medicine saves Peeta's life.
Thresh is later killed by Cato and another tribute, nicknamed Foxface, dies after consuming toxic berries. Genetically modified wolves are then released into the arena that kill Cato. Once Katniss and Peeta become the last two survivors, the Gamemakers revoke the rule change to force one to kill the other for a dramatic finale. In defiance, Katniss prepares to consume poisonous "nightlock" berries with Peeta. Realizing that they intend to commit suicide so that there will not be a victor for the Games, the Gamemakers declare Katniss and Peeta the victors. Although both of them receive a hero's welcome as a couple, Katniss is warned by Haymitch that the Capitol may take action against her for her defiance. Along the way back to District 12, Peeta is heartbroken to learn that Katniss's actions were part of a calculated ploy to gain sympathy. Katniss, however, is unsure of her own feelings and her future.
Themes.
In an interview with Collins, it was noted that the novel "tackles issues like severe poverty, starvation, oppression, and the effects of war among others." The novel deals with the struggle for self-preservation that the people of Panem face in their districts and the Hunger Games in which they must participate. The citizens' starvation and their need for resources, both in and outside of the arena, create an atmosphere of helplessness that the main characters try to overcome in their fight for survival. Katniss needs to hunt to provide food for her family, resulting in the development of skills that are useful to her in the Games (such as her proficiency with the bow and arrow), and represents her rejection of the Capitol's rules in the face of life-threatening situations. On the subject of the Games' parallels with popular culture, Darren Franich of "Entertainment Weekly" writes that the book "is an incisive satire of reality television shows", and that the character of Cinna "almost seems like a contestant on a fascist version of "Project Runway", using Katniss' outfits as a vehicle to express potentially dangerous ideas."
The choices the characters make and the strategies they use are often morally complex. The tributes build a personality they want the audience to see throughout the Games. Library journal "Voice of Youth Advocates" names the major themes of "The Hunger Games" as "government control, 'big brother', and personal independence." The trilogy's theme of power and downfall, similar to that of Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar", was pointed out by its publisher Scholastic. Laura Miller of "The New Yorker" finds the author's stated premise of the Games –an exercise in propaganda and a "humiliating as well as torturous [...] punishment" for a failed uprising against the Capitol many years earlier– to be unconvincing. "You don't demoralize and dehumanize a subject people by turning them into celebrities and coaching them on how to craft an appealing persona for a mass audience." But the story works much better if the theme is vicissitudes of high school and "the adolescent social experience". Miller writes:
"The rules are arbitrary, unfathomable, and subject to sudden change. A brutal social hierarchy prevails, with the rich, the good-looking, and the athletic lording their advantages over everyone else. To survive you have to be totally fake. Adults don't seem to understand how high the stakes are; your whole life could be over, and they act like it's just some "phase"! Everyone's always watching you, scrutinizing your clothes or your friends and obsessing over whether you're having sex or taking drugs or getting good enough grades, but no one cares who you really are or how you really feel about anything."
Donald Brake from "The Washington Times" and pastor Andy Langford state that the story has Christian themes, such as that of self-sacrifice, which is found in Katniss' substitution for her younger sister, analogous to the sacrifice of Jesus as a substitute for the atonement of sins. Brake, as well as another reviewer, Amy Simpson, both find that the story also revolves around the theme of hope, which is exemplified in the "incorruptible goodness of Katniss' sister, Primrose." Simpson also points to events similar to the Passion of Jesus; in the Games, "Christ figure" Peeta Mellark is stabbed after warning Katniss to flee for her life, and is then buried in the ground and placed in a cave for three days before emerging with a new lease on life. Further, she finds that the Christian image of the Bread of Life is used throughout "The Hunger Games"; in the story, Peeta gives Katniss a loaf of bread, saving the girl and her family from starvation.
Publication history.
After writing the novel, Collins signed a six-figure deal for three books with Scholastic. First published as a hardcover in the United States on September 14, 2008, "The Hunger Games" had a first printing of 50,000 copies, which was bumped up twice to 200,000 copies. By February 2010, the book had sold 800,000 copies, and rights to the novel had been sold in 38 territories worldwide. A few months later, in July, the book was released in paperback. "The Hunger Games" entered the "New York Times" Best Seller list in November 2008, where it would feature for over 100 consecutive weeks. By the time the film adaptation of "The Hunger Games" was released in March 2012, the book had been on "USA Today"'s best-sellers list for 135 consecutive weeks and has sold over 17.5 million copies.
The novel is the first in "The Hunger Games" trilogy; it is followed by sequels "Catching Fire" (2009) and "Mockingjay" (2010). In March 2012, during the time of "The Hunger Games" film's release, Scholastic reported 26 million "Hunger Games" trilogy books in print, including movie tie-in books. "The Hunger Games" (and its sequels) have sold exceptionally well in ebook format. Suzanne Collins is the first children's | 25 | [
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] |
48409919 | English noblewoman
Mary Seymour (30 August 1548 – ?), born at her father’s country seat, Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire, was the only daughter of Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley (brother of Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII), and the dowager queen, Catherine Parr, widow of Henry VIII. Although Catherine was married four times, Mary was her only child. Complications from Mary's birth would claim the life of her mother on 5 September 1548, and her father was executed less than a year later for treason against her cousin Edward VI.
United Kingdom legislation
In 1549, the Parliament of England passed an act (3 & 4 Edw. 6. c. 14) removing the attainder placed on her father from Mary, but his lands remained property of the Crown.
As her mother's wealth was left entirely to her father and later confiscated by the Crown, Mary was left a destitute orphan in the care of Katherine Willoughby, Duchess of Suffolk, who appears to have resented this imposition. After her second birthday in 1550, Mary disappears from historical record completely, and no claim was ever made on her father's meagre estate, leading to the conclusion that she did not live past the age of two.
Survival speculations.
Victorian author Agnes Strickland claimed, in her biography of Catherine Parr, that Mary Seymour did survive to adulthood, and in fact married Sir Edward Bushel, a member of the household of Anne of Denmark, wife of James VI and I. Strickland's theory suggested that the Dowager Duchess of Suffolk, after her marriage to Richard Bertie in 1553, and before she fled England during the Marian Persecutions in or after 1555, arranged Mary's marriage to Bushel. The problem with this theory is that Mary would have been aged only six at the time.
A more modern theory, from Linda Porter, author of a 2010 biography on Katherine Parr, suggests that a 1573 Latin book of poems and epitaphs written by John Parkhurst, Katherine Parr’s chaplain, contains the following reference to Mary:
I whom at the cost
Of her own life
My queenly mother
Bore with the pangs of labour
Sleep under this marble
An unfit traveller.
If Death had given me to live longer
That virtue, that modesty, That obedience of my excellent Mother
That Heavenly courageous nature
Would have lived again in me.
Now, whoever
You are, fare thee well
Because I cannot speak any more, this stone
Is a memorial to my brief life.
Porter suggested that this was an epitaph written by Parkhurst, on the occasion of Mary's death around the age of two. Porter further speculates that Mary is buried in Lincolnshire, near Grimsthorpe, the estate owned by the Duchess of Suffolk, "where she had lived as an unwelcome burden for most of her short, sad life."
Portrayals in fiction.
The 2007 novel "The Red Queen's Daughter" by Jacqueline Kolosov speculates an alternative history where Mary Seymour becomes lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth I. The 2009 novel "The Stolen One" by Suzanne Crowley depicts Mary being raised by a 'witch' in the English countryside. A similar premise allows Seymour's supernatural powers to help her friend Alison Bannister search for her lost child in the 2016 novel "The Phantom Tree" by Nicola Cornick.
The 2022 drama series "Becoming Elizabeth" portrays Mary’s birth.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 26 | [
25
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43952361 | American bishop (1920–2014)
Roy Clyde Clark (July 24, 1920 - May 27, 2014) was an American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1980.
Early life.
Clark was born on July 24, 1920, in Mobile, Alabama. His father, C. C. Clark, was a Methodist minister in Gulfport, Mississippi.
Clark earned the B.A. degree from Millsaps College in 1941 and the Bachelor of Divinity degree from Yale Divinity School in 1944. He also has been awarded honorary doctorates from Millsaps College and Columbia College in South Carolina.
Career.
Clark was ordained deacon in 1944 by Bishop J.L. Decell and Elder in 1946 by Bishop U.V.W. Darlington. Roy became a member of the Mississippi Annual Conference and held five different pastorates there between 1944 and 1963: Eastlawn, Pascagoula; Decell Memorial, Wesson; Centerville; Forest; and Capitol Street in Jackson. He pastored St. John's United Methodist Church in Memphis, Tennessee, from 1963 through 1967. He was the pastor of West End United Methodist Church in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1967 to 1980.
Clark was elected to the episcopacy in 1980 by the Southeastern Jurisdictional Conference of the UMC. He was assigned to the Columbia, South Carolina Episcopal Area (the South Carolina Annual Conference), where he served until his retirement in 1988. As a bishop he also served as a member of the U.M. General Board of Global Ministries (1980–88), serving as President of the UM Committee on Relief Program Department of the Board (1984–88).
After retiring from the active episcopacy, Bishop Clark served as executive director of the Committee on Episcopal Initiatives for Ministry and Mission of the U.M. Council of Bishops. As such he gave leadership in the development of the council's initiative on "“Vital Congregations-Faithful Disciples.”" He also served as an adjunct faculty member of the Memphis Theological Seminary (an institution of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church but recognized also by the UMC) and of the Vanderbilt Divinity School. He was listed as bishop-in-residence at the West End Church in Nashville, whose pastorate he once held.
Regarding homosexuality, Clark said he did not approve of its practise. He explained, "I can't give my approval, but I "can" say that God loves you."
Personal life and death.
Clark married Esther Maddox of McComb, Mississippi, on 7 June 1945. They had two daughters, Lynn Blanton Clark and Susan McEwen Clark, and two grandsons. After Esther's death on 8 April 1991, Bishop Clark married Marion Salisbury Hall on 4 April 1992.
Clark died on May 27, 2014, in Nashville, Tennessee.
References.
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46256274 | Government-owned energy system operator for the United Kingdom
The National Energy System Operator (NESO) is the nationalised energy system operator for the United Kingdom. Previously owned by National Grid plc, when it was known as National Grid ESO, it is a public corporation which operates both the electricity transmission and gas distribution systems from 1 October 2024. The buyout from National Grid was announced in September 2024, and was valued at £630m.
NESO is chaired by Paul Golby and its chief executive officer is Fintan Slye.
NESO has been set up as the Independent System Operator and Planner (ISOP) under the provisions of part 5 of the Energy Act 2023, and was previously known informally as the Future System Operator (FSO) prior to the announcement of its official name. It holds the licences for operating the electricity system and for planning the gas system.
NESO is expected to work closely with Great British Energy to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy in the United Kingdom.
References.
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