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[ { "answer": "Willie Nelson", "passage": "Red Headed Stranger is a 1975 album by American outlaw country singer Willie Nelson. After the wide success of his recordings with Atlantic Records, coupled with the negotiating skills of his manager, Neil Reshen, Nelson signed a contract with Columbia Records, a label that gave him total creative control over his works. The concept for the album was inspired by the \"Tale of the Red Headed Stranger\", a song that Nelson used to play as a disk jockey on his program in Fort Worth, Texas. After signing with Columbia he decided to record the song, and arranged the details during his return to Austin, Texas, from a trip to Colorado. It was recorded at low cost at Autumn Sound Studios in Garland, Texas. The songs featured sparse arrangements, largely limited to Nelson's guitar, piano and drums. Nelson presented the finished material to Columbia executives, who were dubious about releasing an album that they at first thought was a demo. However, Nelson had creative control, so no further production was added.", "precise_score": 6.684516429901123, "rough_score": 6.865204811096191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Red Headed Stranger" }, { "answer": "Willie Nelson", "passage": "Billboard described the album as \"lots of instrumental work, with particularly fine piano by Bobbie Nelson, and the usual highly stylized Willie Nelson vocals\". Mother Jones wrote: \"Texans have known for 15 years what Red Headed Stranger finally revealed to the world – that Nelson is simply too brilliant a songwriter, interpreter, and singer – just too damn universal – to be defined as merely a country artist\". ", "precise_score": 4.9855780601501465, "rough_score": 4.357786178588867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Red Headed Stranger" }, { "answer": "Willie Nelson", "passage": "Music critic Chet Flippo wrote in a Texas Monthly article entitled \"Mathew, Mark, Luke and Willie: Willie Nelson's latest album is more than a good country music; it's almost Gospel\": \"The difference between Nelson's Red Headed Stranger and any current C&W album, and especially what passes for a soundtrack for Nashville, is astounding. What Nelson has done is simply unclassifiable; it is the only record I have heard that strikes me as otherworldly. Red Headed Stranger conjures up such strange emotions and works on so many levels that listening to it becomes totally obsessing\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7065628170967102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Red Headed Stranger" }, { "answer": "Willie Nelson", "passage": "Sputnikmusic wrote: \"The Red Headed Stranger is simple and bare. Following the story of a preacher man that kills his cheating wife and her lover, ol' Willie spins the tale with a laid back nonchalance that just seems to ooze out of him, his aching chords and somber melodies encapsulating the futility and pain of his character's situation [...] The Red Headed Stranger is timeless. Willie Nelson's captivating story telling, and the minimalist majesty of his music fills a well worn grove in the hearts of those that enjoy the folk roots of the United States.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5544593334198, "source": "wiki", "title": "Red Headed Stranger" }, { "answer": "Willie Nelson", "passage": "The complete album was performed and recorded by Carla Bozulich in 2003. The Red Headed Stranger included a guest appearance by Nelson. A first season episode of the dramedy series Monk is entitled \"Mr. Monk and the Red-Headed Stranger,\" and guest-stars Willie Nelson. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9383885860443115, "source": "wiki", "title": "Red Headed Stranger" }, { "answer": "Willie Nelson", "passage": "*Willie Nelson – Vocals, guitar", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.009224891662598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Red Headed Stranger" } ]

[ { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "The origin story of Superman relates that he was born Kal-El on the alien planet Krypton, before being rocketed to Earth as an infant by his scientist father Jor-El, moments before Krypton's destruction. Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farmer and his wife, the child is raised as Clark Kent and imbued with a strong moral compass. Very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities, which, upon reaching maturity, he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a secret \"Superman\" identity.", "precise_score": 6.61583137512207, "rough_score": 1.520826816558838, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Siegel and Shuster reconciled and resumed developing Superman. The character became an alien from the planet Krypton with the now-familiar costume: tight-fitting clothes with an \"S\" on the chest, over-shorts, and a cape. ", "precise_score": 3.6764299869537354, "rough_score": 3.6322038173675537, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "In Action Comics #1 (April 1938), Superman is born on an alien world to a technologically advanced species that resembles humans. When his world is on the verge of destruction, his father, a scientist, places his infant son alone in a spaceship that takes him to Earth. The earliest newspaper strips name the planet \"Krypton\", the baby \"Kal-L\", and his biological parents \"Jor-L\" and \"Lora\"; their names become \"Jor-el\", and \"Lara\" in a 1942 spinoff novel by George Lowther. The ship lands in the American countryside, where the baby is adopted by the Kents. In the original stories, they adopt him from an orphanage. The Kents name the boy Clark and raise him in a farming community. A 1947 episode of the radio serial places the then-unnamed community in Iowa. It is named Smallville in Superboy #2 (June 1949). New Adventures of Superboy #22 (Oct. 1981) places it in Maryland. The 1978 Superman movie and most stories since place it in Kansas. ", "precise_score": 4.41193962097168, "rough_score": 0.5149966478347778, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Superman is most vulnerable to green Kryptonite, mineral debris from Krypton transformed into radioactive material by the forces that destroyed the planet. Exposure to green Kryptonite radiation nullifies Superman's powers and immobilizes him with pain and nausea; prolonged exposure will eventually kill him. The only substance on Earth that can protect him from Kryptonite is lead, which blocks the radiation. Lead is also the only known substance that Superman cannot see through with his x-ray vision. Kryptonite was introduced in 1943 as a plot device to allow the radio-serial voice actor, Bud Collyer, to take some time off. Although green Kryptonite is the most commonly seen form, writers have introduced other forms over the years: such as red, gold, blue, white, and black, each with its own effect. ", "precise_score": 2.7443718910217285, "rough_score": 0.8305214047431946, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Mort Weisinger was the editor on Superman comics from 1941 to 1970, his tenure briefly interrupted by military service. Siegel and his fellow writers had developed the character with little thought of building a coherent mythology, but as the number of Superman titles and the pool of writers grew, Weisinger demanded a more disciplined approach. Weisinger assigned story ideas, and the logic of Superman's powers, his origin, the locales, and his relationships with his growing cast of supporting characters were carefully planned. Elements such as Bizarro, Supergirl, the Phantom Zone, alternate varieties of kryptonite, robot doppelgangers, and Krypto were introduced. The complicated universe built under Weisinger was beguiling to devoted readers but alienating to casuals. Weisinger favored lighthearted stories over serious drama, and avoided sensitive subjects such as the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights Movement because he feared his right-wing views would alienate his writing staff and readers. Weisinger also introduced letters columns in 1958 to encourage feedback and build intimacy with readers. Superman was the best-selling comic book character of the 1960s. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.177298069000244, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Weisinger retired in 1970 and Julius Schwartz took over. By his own admission, Weisinger had grown out of touch with newer readers. Schwartz updated Superman by removing overused plot elements such as kryptonite and robot doppelgangers and making Clark Kent a television anchor. Schwartz also scaled Superman's powers down to a level closer to Siegel's original. These changes would eventually be reversed by later writers. Schwartz allowed stories with serious drama, as in \"For the Man Who Has Everything\" (Superman Annual #11), in which the villain Mongul torments Superman with an illusion of happy family life on a living Krypton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.766449451446533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Schwartz retired from DC Comics in 1986, and was succeeded by Mike Carlin as editor on Superman comics His retirement coincided with DC Comics' decision to streamline the shared continuity called the DC Universe with the companywide-crossover storyline \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\". Writer John Byrne rewrote the Superman mythos, again reducing Superman's powers, which writers had slowly re-strengthened, and revised many supporting characters, such as making Lex Luthor a billionaire industrialist rather than a mad scientist, and making Supergirl an artificial shapeshifting organism because DC wanted Superman to be the sole surviving Kryptonian.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.015787601470947, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "The first three movies starring Christopher Reeve were produced by Alexander and Ilya Salkind. When Warner Bros sold the movie rights to Superman to the Salkinds in 1974, it demanded control over the budget and the casting but left everything else to the producers' discretion. These movies influenced future stories, with the Salkinds insisting Clark Kent be a newspaper journalist, in order to appeal to older fans. Kent left his TV anchor job and returned to the Daily Planet. Innovations such as John Barry's crystalline set designs for Krypton and the Fortress of Solitude, Superman's chest emblem being his family crest, and screenwriter Mario Puzo's messianic themes were also adopted by the comics' writers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.338339805603027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Writers developed Superman's powers gradually. Since the beginning, he has had superhuman strength and a nigh-invulnerable body. In the earliest comics, Superman travels by running and leaping. In the radio serial that began in 1940, Superman has the ability to fly.:-Look! Look! There, in the sky! It's a man!-Why, he's flying!-It can't be! It's impossible! Fleischer Studios also depicted Superman flying in a theatrical animated series they produced that same decade, because this required fewer frames of animation, and their animation tests of Superman leaping looked \"silly\" anyway. X-ray vision is introduced in Action Comics #11 (April 1939) and heat vision in Superman #59 (Aug. 1949). Originally, Superman's powers were common on Krypton, but in later stories they are activated by the light of Earth's yellow sun, and can be deactivated by red sunlight similar to that of Krypton's sun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.179895877838135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Siegel understood that Superman's invulnerability diminished his appeal as an action hero, and so wrote a story introducing \"K-metal\", whose radiation harms Superman. This draft was never published since the story had Superman reveal his secret identity to Lois, but the writers of the radio serial took inspiration and introduced the green mineral kryptonite in a 1943 episode. It first appeared in comics in the story \"Superman Returns To Krypton!\", credited to writer Bill Finger, in Superman #61 (Dec. 1949). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5824079513549805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "The first story in which Superman dies was published in Superman #188 (April 1966), in which he is killed by kryptonite radiation, but is revived in the same issue by one of his android doppelgangers. In Superman #75 (Jan 1993), Superman is beaten to death by Doomsday, but is revived by the Eradicator. In Superman #52 (May 2016), Superman is killed by kryptonite poisoning, and this time he was not resurrected but replaced by a Superman from another universe, ahead of a continuity reboot titled Rebirth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.427068710327148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Having lost his home world of Krypton, Superman is very protective of Earth, and especially of Clark Kent's family and friends. This same loss, combined with the pressure of using his powers responsibly, has caused Superman to feel lonely on Earth, despite having his friends and parents. Previous encounters with people he thought to be fellow Kryptonians, Power Girl (who is, in fact from the Krypton of the Earth-Two universe) and Mon-El, have led to disappointment. The arrival of Supergirl, who has been confirmed to be not only from Krypton but also his cousin, has relieved this loneliness somewhat. Superman's Fortress of Solitude acts as a place of solace for him in times of loneliness and despair. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.035121440887451, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "The source of Superman's powers has changed subtly over the course of his history. It was originally stated that Superman's abilities derived from his Kryptonian heritage, which made him eons more evolved than humans. This was soon amended, with the source for the powers now based upon the establishment of Krypton's gravity as having been stronger than that of the Earth. This situation mirrors that of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter. As Superman's powers increased, the implication that all Kryptonians had possessed the same abilities became problematic for writers, making it doubtful that a race of such beings could have been wiped out by something as trifling as an exploding planet. In part to counter this, the Superman writers established that Kryptonians, whose native star Rao had been red, possessed superpowers only under the light of a yellow sun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5261254906654358, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "The villains Superman faced in the earliest stories were ordinary humans, such as gangsters, corrupt politicians, and violent husbands, but they soon grew more outlandish. The mad scientist Ultra-Humanite, introduced in Action Comics #13 (June 1939), was Superman's first recurring villain. The hero's best-known nemesis, Lex Luthor, was introduced in Action Comics #23 (April 1940) and has been envisioned over the years as both a recluse with advanced weaponry to a power-mad billionaire. In 1944, the magical imp Mister Mxyzptlk, Superman's first recurring super-powered adversary, was introduced. Superman's first alien villain, Brainiac, debuted in Action Comics #242 (July 1958). The monstrous Doomsday, introduced in Superman: The Man of Steel #17-18 (Nov.-Dec. 1992), was the first villain to evidently kill Superman in physical combat. Other adversaries include the odd Superman-doppelgänger Bizarro, and the Kryptonian criminal General Zod. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.074250221252441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "His adventures and popularity have established the character as an inspiring force within the public eye, with the character serving as inspiration for musicians, comedians and writers alike. Kryptonite, Brainiac and Bizarro have become synonymous in popular vernacular with Achilles' heel, extreme intelligence and reversed logic respectively. Similarly, the phrase \"I'm not Superman\" or \"you're not Superman\" is an idiom used to suggest a lack of omnipotence. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.276952743530273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "The character of Superman has appeared in various media aside from comic books, including radio and television series, several films, and video games. The first adaptation was a daily newspaper comic strip, launched on January 16, 1939, and running through May 1966; Siegel and Shuster used the first strips to establish Superman's background, adding details such as the planet Krypton and Superman's father, Jor-El, concepts not yet established in the comic books. A radio show, The Adventures of Superman, premiered February 12, 1940, and featured the voice of Bud Collyer as Superman. It ran through 1951. Collyer was also cast as the voice of Superman in Paramount Pictures' 17 Superman animated cartoons produced by Fleischer Studios and then Famous Studios for theatrical release in 1941–1943. Early episodes each had a budget of $50,000 ($ when adjusted for inflation), which was exceptional for the time. The first live-action film was a 15-part serial released in 1948. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4960072040557861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" }, { "answer": "Krypton", "passage": "Some see Judaic themes in Superman. Simcha Weinstein notes that Superman's story has some parallels to that of Moses. For example, Moses as a baby was sent away by his parents in a reed basket to escape death and adopted by a foreign culture. Weinstein also posits that Superman's Kryptonian name, \"Kal-El\", resembles the Hebrew words קל-אל, which can be taken to mean \"voice of God\". Larry Tye suggests that this \"Voice of God\" is an allusion to Moses' role as a prophet. The suffix \"el\", meaning \"(of) God\", is also found in the name of angels (e.g. Gabriel, Ariel), who are airborne humanoid agents of good with superhuman powers. The Nazis also thought Superman was a Jew and in 1940 Joseph Goebbels publicly denounced Superman and his creator Siegel. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.578395843505859, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman" } ]

[ { "answer": "Brown", "passage": "The hue of human skin and hair is determined by the presence of pigments called melanins. Human skin color can range from darkest brown to lightest peach, or even nearly white or colorless in cases of albinism. Human hair ranges in color from white to red to blond to brown to black, which is most frequent. Hair color depends on the amount of melanin (an effective sun blocking pigment) in the skin and hair, with hair melanin concentrations in hair fading with increased age, leading to grey or even white hair. Most researchers believe that skin darkening is an adaptation that evolved as protection against ultraviolet solar radiation, which also helps balancing folate, which is destroyed by ultraviolet radiation. Light skin pigmentation protects against depletion of vitamin D, which requires sunlight to make. Skin pigmentation of contemporary humans is clinally distributed across the planet, and in general correlates with the level of ultraviolet radiation in a particular geographic area. Human skin also has a capacity to darken (tan) in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. ", "precise_score": -0.3305675983428955, "rough_score": 1.5504405498504639, "source": "wiki", "title": "Human" }, { "answer": "Brown", "passage": "Human variation is highly non-concordant: most of the genes do not cluster together and are not inherited together. Skin and hair color are not correlated to height, weight, or athletic ability. Human species do not share the same patterns of variation through geography. Skin color varies with latitude and certain people are tall or have brown hair. There is a statistical correlation between particular features in a population, but different features are not expressed or inherited together. Thus, genes which code for superficial physical traits—such as skin color, hair color, or height—represent a minuscule and insignificant portion of the human genome and do not correlate with genetic affinity. Dark-skinned populations that are found in Africa, Australia, and South Asia are not closely related to each other. Even within the same region, physical phenotype is not related to genetic affinity: dark-skinned Ethiopians are more closely related to light-skinned Armenians than to dark-skinned Bantu populations. Despite pygmy populations of South East Asia (Andamanese) having similar physical features with African pygmy populations such as short stature, dark skin, and curly hair, they are not genetically closely related to these populations.Liu, James J.Y. The Chinese Knight Errant. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967 ISBN 0-226-48688-5. Genetic variants affecting superficial anatomical features (such as skin color)—from a genetic perspective, are essentially meaningless—they involve a few hundred of the billions of nucleotides in a person's DNA. Individuals with the same morphology do not necessarily cluster with each other by lineage, and a given lineage does not include only individuals with the same trait complex.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8587679862976074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Human" } ]

[ { "answer": "Operation Enduring Freedom", "passage": "The U.S. officially launched Operation Enduring Freedom on 7 October 2001 with the assistance of the United Kingdom. The two were later joined by other countries. The U.S. and its allies drove the Taliban from power and built military bases near major cities across the country. Most al-Qaeda and Taliban were not captured, escaping to neighboring Pakistan or retreating to rural or remote mountainous regions.", "precise_score": 1.4377543926239014, "rough_score": -0.3769391179084778, "source": "wiki", "title": "War in Afghanistan (2001–14)" }, { "answer": "Operation Enduring Freedom", "passage": "In 2001, U.S. President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban hand over Osama bin Laden and expel al-Qaeda; bin Laden had already been wanted by the United Nations since 1999. The Taliban declined to extradite him unless given what they deemed convincing evidence of his involvement in the 9/11 attacks and declined demands to extradite other terrorism suspects apart from bin Laden. The request was dismissed by the U.S. as a delaying tactic, and on 7 October 2001 it launched Operation Enduring Freedom with the United Kingdom. The two were later joined by other forces, including the Northern Alliance. In December 2001, the United Nations Security Council established the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), to assist the Afghan interim authorities with securing Kabul. At the Bonn Conference in December 2001, Hamid Karzai was selected to head the Afghan Interim Administration, which after a 2002 loya jirga in Kabul became the Afghan Transitional Administration. In the popular elections of 2004, Karzai was elected president of the country, now named the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.494122266769409, "source": "wiki", "title": "War in Afghanistan (2001–14)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "Stella Nina McCartney, (born 13 September 1971) is an English fashion designer. She is the daughter of former Beatles member Paul McCartney and American musician, photographer and animal rights activist Linda McCartney.", "precise_score": 7.809487342834473, "rough_score": 7.691311836242676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "McCartney was born in Lambeth, London, the second child of Beatle Paul McCartney and American photographer Linda McCartney (1941–1998). She is named after her maternal great-grandmothers (both of Linda McCartney's grandmothers were named Stella). As a young girl, McCartney travelled the globe with her parents and their group Wings, along with her siblings: older sister Heather (who was legally adopted by Paul McCartney), older sister Mary, and younger brother James. According to her father, the name of Wings was inspired by Stella's difficult birth. As his daughter was being born by emergency caesarean section, Paul sat outside the operating room and prayed that she be born \"on the wings of an angel.\" Wings toured from shortly after her birth in 1971 until 1980.", "precise_score": 2.2017905712127686, "rough_score": 5.3872785568237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "She also launched a joint-venture line with Adidas, establishing a long-term partnership with the corporation in September 2004. This line is a sports performance collection for women. The critically acclaimed sports performance collection \"adidas by Stella McCartney,\" has since successfully grown to include several athletic disciplines including running, gym, yoga, tennis, swimming, golf, winter sports and triathlon. In September 2010, Stella McCartney was appointed Team GB’s Creative Director for the 2012 Olympics by adidas – the first time in the history of the games that a leading fashion designer has designed the apparel for a country’s team across all competitions for both the Olympic and the Paralympic Games.", "precise_score": -3.3469412326812744, "rough_score": -2.632404327392578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "The following awards have recognised Stella McCartney’s achievement in fashion and social awareness: Stella McCartney received the VH1/Vogue Designer of the Year award in 2000, New York. Paul McCartney presented the award to his daughter. She thanked him in her acceptance speech and dedicated the award to her late mother. In 2000, McCartney designed Madonna's wedding dress for her marriage to Guy Ritchie as well as the Woman of Courage Award for work against cancer at the prestigious Unforgettable Evening event (2003, Los Angeles), the Glamour Award for Best Designer of the Year (2004, London), the Star Honoree at the Fashion Group International Night of the Stars (2004, New York), the Organic Style Woman of the Year Award (2005, New York), the Elle Style Award for Best Designer of the Year Award (2007, London), Best Designer of The Year at the British Style Awards (2007, London), Best Designer of The Year at the Spanish Elle Awards (2008, Barcelona), the Green Designer of the Year at the ACE Awards (2008, New York) and in 2009 she was honoured by the NRDC, featured in the Time 100 and recognised as a Glamour magazine Woman of the Year. In November 2011 she was presented with the Red Carpet Award by the British Fashion Council. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to fashion. ", "precise_score": 2.926546096801758, "rough_score": 4.397684097290039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "After the Beatles' break-up in 1970, McCartney continued his musical career with his first solo release, McCartney, a US number-one album. Apart from some vocal contributions from Linda, McCartney is a one-man album, with Paul providing compositions, instrumentation and vocals. In 1971, he collaborated with Linda and drummer Denny Seiwell on a second album, Ram. A UK number one and a US top five, Ram included the co-written US number-one hit single \"Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey\". Later that year, ex-Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine joined the McCartneys and Seiwell to form the band Wings. McCartney had this to say on the group's formation: \"Wings were always a difficult idea ... any group having to follow [the Beatles'] success would have a hard job ... I found myself in that very position. However, it was a choice between going on or finishing, and I loved music too much to think of stopping.\" In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.683252811431885, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "They had four children—Linda's daughter Heather (legally adopted by Paul), Mary, Stella and James—and remained married until Linda's death from breast cancer at age 56 in 1998. After her death, Paul stated in the Daily Mail, \"I got a counsellor because I knew that I would need some help. He was great, particularly in helping me get rid of my guilt [about wishing I'd been] perfect all the time ... a real bugger. But then I thought, hang on a minute. We're just human. That was the beautiful thing about our marriage. We were just a boyfriend and girlfriend having babies.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.210700988769531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "Despite their fame, the McCartneys wanted their children to lead as normal a life as possible, so Stella and her siblings attended local state schools in East Sussex, one of them being Bexhill College. McCartney has said that while attending state school, she was a victim of bullying, as well as being a bully herself. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.344761371612549, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "She studied her foundation at Ravensbourne College of Design and Communication, followed by Fashion Design at Central Saint Martins in the early 1990s: she graduated in 1995. Her graduation collection was modelled by friends and supermodels Naomi Campbell, Yasmin Le Bon and Kate Moss – for free – at the graduation runway show. The collection was shown to a song penned by her famous father, called \"Stella May Day.\" The show made front-page news, and the entire collection was sold to Tokyo, a London boutique. The designs were licensed to Browns, Joseph, Bergdorf Goodman and Neiman Marcus. In 1998, she designed her sister Mary's wedding dress for her wedding to television producer Alistair Donald.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.78701114654541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "In 2003, McCartney launched her first perfume, Stella. In January 2007, McCartney launched a skincare line, CARE. The 100% organic line includes seven products, from a cleansing milk made with lemon balm and apricot to green tea and linden blossom floral water. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.188623428344727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "In 2008, she launched a new lingerie line. In November 2010, the Stella McCartney Kids collection was launched for newborns and children up to age 12. In June 2012, McCartney invited the Soul Rebels Brass Band to perform at her 2013 spring fashion presentation hosted at the New York Marble Cemetery in New York City on 11 June 2012. Other guests invited to the party included Anne Hathaway, Jim Carrey, Anna Wintour, Annie Leibovitz, Lauren Hutton, Amy Poehler, Solange Knowles, P'Trique, Greta Gerwig and André Leon Talley.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9712026119232178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "In 2004, Stella McCartney designed clothes for Madonna's Re-Invention Tour, Annie Lennox's summer tour, and Gwyneth Paltrow's and Jude Law's costumes for the film Sky Captain and The World of Tomorrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.278221130371094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "In January 2008, McCartney's collaboration with lingerie label Bendon was scheduled to be released to department stores, speciality stores and Stella McCartney stores. McCartney was also scheduled, in early 2008, to release a line of handbags for LeSportsac. The collection has 30–40 styles and priced at $200–500. The collection consists of travel bags, luggage, baby accessories and bags for mothers with infants and toddlers. The line is sold at high end retailers, the Los Angeles and New York Stella McCartney stores, select LeSportsac boutiques, and will be available for purchase online.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.35283374786377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "In September 2010, Stella McCartney was appointed Team GB’s Creative Director for the 2012 Olympics by Adidas. The uniforms were worn by athletes in the British Olympic and Paralympic teams who were competing in the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. In March 2012 the Team GB kit was publicly displayed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.40740966796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "In October 2010, Stella relaunched her Designers for Target range in Australia. Priced at A$30–249, it proved less popular than its previous iteration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.597801208496094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "In September 2011 Stella McCartney’s costume designs for the New York City Ballet’s Ocean's Kingdom premiered in New York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.811375141143799, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "McCartney and Willis have four children: sons Miller Alasdhair James Willis (born 2005) and Beckett Robert Lee Willis (born 2008) and daughters Bailey Linda Olwyn Willis (born 2006) and Reiley Dilys Stella Willis (born 2010). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.986532211303711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" }, { "answer": "Stella", "passage": "Stella has a younger half-sister, Beatrice Milly McCartney, born on 28 October 2003 to her father and his second wife, Heather Mills.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.040431022644043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stella McCartney" } ]

[ { "answer": "Patty Murray", "passage": "The two current United States Senators from Washington are Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell, both Democrats. The governorship is currently held by Democrat Jay Inslee, who was elected to his first term in the 2012 gubernatorial election. In 2013 and 2014 both houses of the Washington State Legislature (the Washington Senate and the Washington House of Representatives) were under a Democratic majority, though the state senate was under Republican control, due to two Democrats joining Republicans to form a Majority Coalition Caucus. After the 2014 elections the Democrats retained control of the House, while Republicans took a majority in the Senate without the need for a coalition.", "precise_score": 0.354384183883667, "rough_score": -3.867408514022827, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Patty Murray", "passage": "The two U.S. Senators from Washington are Patty Murray (D) and Maria Cantwell (D).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.526517868041992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Seaweed", "passage": "is the Japanese name for edible seaweed species of the red algae genus Pyropia, including P. yezoensis and P. tenera. Nori is familiar in the United States and other countries as an ingredient of sushi, being referred to as \"nori\" (as the Japanese do) or simply as seaweed. Finished products are made by a shredding and rack-drying process that resembles papermaking.", "precise_score": 4.669221878051758, "rough_score": 5.046644687652588, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nori" }, { "answer": "Seaweed", "passage": "Makizushi (, \"rolled sushi\"), norimaki (, \"Nori roll\") or makimono (, \"variety of rolls\") is a cylindrical piece, formed with the help of a bamboo mat known as a makisu (). Makizushi is generally wrapped in nori (seaweed), but is occasionally wrapped in a thin omelette, soy paper, cucumber, or shiso (perilla) leaves. Makizushi is usually cut into six or eight pieces, which constitutes a single roll order. Below are some common types of makizushi, but many other kinds exist.", "precise_score": 3.6177406311035156, "rough_score": 4.452987194061279, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sushi" }, { "answer": "Seaweed", "passage": "Originally, the term nori was generic and referred to seaweeds including hijiki. One of the oldest descriptions of nori is dated to around the 8th century. In the Taihō Code enacted in 701, nori was already included in the form of taxation. Local people have been described as drying nori in Hitachi Province Fudoki (721–721), and nori was harvested in Izumo Province Fudoki (713–733), showing that nori was used as food from ancient times. In Utsubo Monogatari, written around 987, nori was recognized as a common food. Nori had been consumed as paste form until the sheet form was invented in Asakusa, Edo (contemporary Tokyo), around 1750 in the Edo period through the method of Japanese paper-making. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8187673091888428, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nori" }, { "answer": "Seaweed", "passage": "In the 21st century, the Japanese nori industry faces a new decline due to increased competition from seaweed producers in China and Korea and domestic sales tax hikes ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.750539302825928, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nori" }, { "answer": "Seaweed", "passage": "In one study by Jan-Hendrik Hehemann, subjects of Japanese descent have been shown to be able to digest the polysaccharide of the seaweed, after gut microbes developed the enzyme from marine bacteria. Gut microbes from the North American subjects lacked these enzymes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.899168968200684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nori" }, { "answer": "Seaweed", "passage": "While seaweed has by far the highest proportion of iodine by weight of any food, Pyropia yezoensis has less than any other type of seaweed; it is nonetheless an excellent source of iodine. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.348755836486816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nori" }, { "answer": "Seaweed", "passage": "The black seaweed wrappers used in makimono are called nori. Nori is a type of algae, traditionally cultivated in the harbors of Japan. Originally, algae was scraped from dock pilings, rolled out into thin, edible sheets, and dried in the sun, in a process similar to making rice paper. Today, the commercial product is farmed, processed, toasted, packaged, and sold in sheets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5725246667861938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sushi" }, { "answer": "Seaweed", "passage": "Sushi may be garnished with gobo, grated daikon, thinly sliced vegetables, carrots/radishes/cucumbers that have been shaped to look like flowers, real flowers and/or seaweed salad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1105952262878418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sushi" } ]

[ { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Lorne Michaels (born Lorne Lipowitz; November 17, 1944) is a Canadian-American television producer, writer, comedian, and actor, best known for creating and producing Saturday Night Live, and producing the Late Night series (since 1993), and The Tonight Show (since 2014).", "precise_score": -1.0898438692092896, "rough_score": 0.4951317012310028, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Snl", "passage": "During his SNL hiatus, Michaels created another sketch show titled The New Show, which debuted on Friday nights in prime time on NBC in January 1984. The show failed to garner the same enthusiasm as SNL and lasted only 9 episodes before being cancelled.", "precise_score": -4.0995073318481445, "rough_score": -3.1475436687469482, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Pardo nominally retired from NBC in 2004. However, he continued to announce for Saturday Night Live at the behest of executive producer Lorne Michaels, initially under the assumption that a permanent replacement would be found quickly. In 2006, he began prerecording his announcements from a studio in his Arizona home. That arrangement lasted only a few episodes before producers insisted that they needed him in Studio 8H, and he resumed weekly flights to New York. On Saturday, February 23, 2008, Pardo appeared at the closing of Saturday Night Live to blow out the candles of his 90th birthday cake. During this period, Pardo missed approximately five episodes due to illness; cast member Darrell Hammond (who would be Pardo's successor following his death) filled in for him but was uncredited. ", "precise_score": 0.22593671083450317, "rough_score": 3.1609058380126953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Don Pardo" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Michaels was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the son of Florence (Becker) and Henry Abraham Lipowitz, a furrier. He is Jewish. He was the eldest of the Lipowitz children. He has a sister, Barbara Lipowitz, who currently resides in Toronto, and a brother, Mark Lipowitz, who died from a brain tumor. Michaels attended the Forest Hill Collegiate Institute in Toronto and graduated from University College, University of Toronto, where he majored in English, in 1966. Michaels began his career as a writer and broadcaster for CBC Radio. He moved to Los Angeles from Toronto in 1968 to work as a writer for Laugh-In and The Beautiful Phyllis Diller Show. He starred with Hart Pomerantz in The Hart and Lorne Terrific Hour, a Canadian comedy series which ran briefly in the early 1970s. During the late 1960s, Michaels married Rosie Shuster, who later worked with him on Saturday Night Live as a writer. She was the daughter of Frank Shuster, one half of the famous comedy team, Wayne and Shuster. Michaels and Shuster were divorced in 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.796831130981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Saturday Night Live", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.200356483459473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "In 1975 Michaels created (with fellow NBC employee Dick Ebersol and president of the network Herb Schlosser) the TV show NBC's Saturday Night, which in 1977 changed its name to Saturday Night Live (initially there was a name conflict with an ABC show titled \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" which debuted 1975-09-20 and was cancelled on 1975-11-26). The show, which is performed live in front of a studio audience, immediately established a reputation for being cutting-edge and unpredictable. It became a vehicle for launching the careers of some of the most successful comedians in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.380962610244751, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Snl", "passage": "Originally the producer of the show, Michaels was also a writer and later became executive producer. He occasionally appears on-screen as well, where he is known for his deadpan humor. Throughout the show's history, SNL has been nominated for more than 156 Emmy Awards and has won 36. It has consistently been one of the highest-rated late-night television programs. Michaels has been with SNL for all seasons except for his hiatus in the early 1980s (seasons 6–10).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.61643123626709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Michaels started Broadway Video in 1979, producing such shows as The Kids in the Hall. Shortly afterwards, citing burnout, he left Saturday Night Live. He returned to the show in 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.904677391052246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "In 2004, he was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor by the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Speaking at the awards ceremony, original Saturday Night Live cast member Dan Aykroyd described Michaels as \"the primary satirical voice of the country.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.45955753326416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Snl", "passage": "The character Dr. Evil, the antagonist of Austin Powers in three films, has mannerisms and a speaking style based on Lorne Michaels. Dr. Evil was created and portrayed by SNL alumnus Mike Myers, who was at least partially influenced by fellow SNL performer Dana Carvey's impression of Michaels. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.842135906219482, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Snl", "passage": "Michaels became a U.S. citizen in 1987. He has three children. He has been married three times, first to SNL writer Rosie Shuster (1967; div. 1980), then to model Susan Forristal (1984; div. 1987), and currently to his former assistant Alice Barry (1991 to present).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.110048294067383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "*Saturday Night Live (1975–1980; 1985–present) (executive producer, creator)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.39529037475586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lorne Michaels" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "A member of the Television Hall of Fame, Pardo was noted for his 70-year tenure with NBC, working as the announcer for early incarnations of such notable shows as The Price Is Right, Jackpot, Jeopardy!, Three on a Match, Winning Streak and NBC Nightly News. His longest, and best-known, announcing job was for NBC's Saturday Night Live, a job he held for 39 seasons, from the show's debut in 1975 until his death in 2014. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.704566478729248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Don Pardo" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "His best known announcing work was for the television series Saturday Night Live. His was the fourth voice heard on the show's premiere episode in 1975, after the first cold open sketch featuring Michael O'Donoghue, John Belushi and Chevy Chase. Pardo remained the program's announcer except for one season (1981–1982), when it was announced by Mel Brandt or Bill Hanrahan. After \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", which is cried out at the end of the cold open, Pardo announces the show's title, then names the cast members and musical guests in a voice-over during the opening montage. According to Pardo, his Saturday Night Live announcing booth during his tenure at Studio 8-H was almost exactly where Arturo Toscanini stood when conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in Rockefeller Center from 1937 to 1950.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.685014724731445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Don Pardo" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Upon his induction into the Rhode Island Radio Hall of Fame on May 14, 2009, Pardo suggested that the May 16, 2009 episode of Saturday Night Live would be his last. However, he subsequently returned for the show's 35th season. Starting with the 36th season, Pardo once again began pre-recording his parts from his home in Arizona instead of performing live in New York City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.256781101226807, "source": "wiki", "title": "Don Pardo" } ]

[ { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "is a German multinational automotive corporation. Daimler AG is headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2014, Daimler owns or has shares in a number of car, bus, truck and motorcycle brands including Mercedes-Benz, Mercedes-AMG, Smart Automobile, Freightliner, Western Star, Thomas Built Buses, Setra, BharatBenz, Mitsubishi Fuso, MV Agusta as well as shares in Denza, KAMAZ, Beijing Automotive Group. The Maybach brand was closed at the end of 2012, but was revived in November 2014 as \"Mercedes-Maybach\", an ultra luxury edition of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. In 2015 Daimler sold 2.9 million vehicles. By unit sales, Daimler is the thirteenth-largest car manufacturer and second-largest truck manufacturer in the world. In addition to automobiles, Daimler manufactures buses and provides financial services through its Daimler Financial Services arm. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. ", "precise_score": -0.6284317374229431, "rough_score": 0.5459960699081421, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daimler AG" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "On 5 March 2015, Daimler AG announced a 1,200 jobs package to the North Charleston region for its van plant. This will allow the company to start manufacturing Mercedes-Benz Sprinter vans from scratch in a North Charleston plant to meet demand in North America. Currently, these vans are set up in Germany, then shipped to the United States partially disassembled for reassembly. This is all to avoid import tariffs, a practice that started in 2010. A Daimler official said that the Sprinter’s popularity in North America is making that process less efficient. The North Charleston plant had been employing only 100 workers. The Sprinter is available on the U.S. market as a panel van, crew bus and chassis in several variants with three lengths and roof heights, six-cylinder diesel or gasoline engines. The Sprinter has been assembled and sold in the United States since 2001. ", "precise_score": -6.581689834594727, "rough_score": -3.29712176322937, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daimler AG" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "In 2005, Siemens sold the Siemens mobile manufacturing business to BenQ, forming the BenQ-Siemens division. Also in 2005 Siemens acquired Flender Holding GmbH (Bocholt, Germany, gears/industrial drives), Bewator AB (building security systems), Wheelabrator Air Pollution Control, Inc. (Industrial and power station dust control systems), AN Windenegrie GmbH. (Wind energy), Power Technologies Inc. (Schenectady, USA, energy industry software and training), CTI Molecular Imaging (Positron emission tomography and molecular imaging systems), Myrio (IPTV systems), Shaw Power Technologoes International Ltd (UK/USA, electrical engineering consulting, acquired from Shaw Group), and Transmitton (Ashby de la Zouch UK, rail and other industry control and asset management). ", "precise_score": -5.67225456237793, "rough_score": -1.5303657054901123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Siemens is incorporated in Germany and has its corporate headquarters in Munich. It has operations in around 190 countries and approximately 285 production and manufacturing facilities. Siemens had around 360,000 employees as of 30 September 2011.", "precise_score": 0.7099812030792236, "rough_score": -0.10592657327651978, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "BASF SE is the largest chemical producer in the world and is headquartered in Ludwigshafen, Germany. The BASF Group comprises subsidiaries and joint ventures in more than 80 countries and operates six integrated production sites and 390 other production sites in Europe, Asia, Australia, Americas and Africa. Its headquarters is located in Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany). BASF has customers in over 200 countries and supplies products to a wide variety of industries. Despite its size and global presence, BASF has received relatively little public attention since abandoning its consumer product lines in the 1990s.", "precise_score": 4.890964984893799, "rough_score": 5.784204006195068, "source": "wiki", "title": "BASF" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "29.7% Europe (excluding Germany),", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.930326461791992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daimler AG" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "*49% Tognum of Germany due to the 50% share in Engine Holding, which holds 98% of the Tognum Shares.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.202577590942383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daimler AG" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "In 1972, Siemens sued German satirist F.C. Delius for his satirical history of the company, Unsere Siemenswelt, and it was determined much of the book contained false claims although the trial itself publicized Siemens' history in Nazi Germany. The company supplied electrical parts to Nazi concentration camps and death camps. The factories had poor working conditions, where malnutrition and death were common. Also, the scholarship has shown that the camp factories were created, run, and supplied by the SS, in conjunction with company officials, sometimes high-level officials. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.29130744934082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Siemens businessman and Nazi Party member John Rabe is, however, credited with saving many Chinese lives during the infamous Nanking Massacre. He later toured Germany lecturing on the atrocities committed by Japanese forces in Nanking. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.62321662902832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Also in 2007 Siemens acquired Vai Ingdesi Automation (Argentina, Industrial Automation), UGS Corp., Dade Behring, Sidelco (Quebec, Canada), S/D Engineers Inc., and Gesellschaft für Systemforschung und Dienstleistungen im Gesundheitswesen mbH (GSD) (Germany). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.344382286071777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "In September 2011, Siemens, which had been responsible for constructing all 17 of Germany's existing nuclear power plants, announced that it would exit the nuclear sector following the Fukushima disaster and the subsequent changes to German energy policy. Chief executive Peter Löscher has supported the German government's planned Energiewende, its transition to renewable energy technologies, calling it a \"project of the century\" and saying Berlin's target of reaching 35% renewable energy sources by 2020 was feasible. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.496572971343994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "In 2011, Siemens invested a total of €3.925 billion in research and development, equivalent to 5.3% of revenues. As of 30 September 2011, Siemens had approximately 11,800 Germany-based employees engaged in research and development and approximately", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.819621562957764, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "It is an international two-year development program for Master Graduates and PhDs available in various global regions (for example Germany, Denmark, UK, Belgium, France, Spain, Switzerland, Russia, China, India, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Egypt, Brazil, and USA). The SGP consists of three work assignments, one of them abroad, within one of the Siemens Divisions, each lasting eight months. The participants are working at least in two different functional areas during their rotations and are accompanied by a personal mentor for the duration of the program. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.531026840209961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Siemens agreed to pay a record $1.34 billion in fines in December 2008 after being investigated for bribery. The investigation found questionable payments of roughly €1.3 billion, from 2002 to 2006 that triggered a broad range of inquiries in Germany, the United States and other countries. In May 2007 a German court convicted two former executives of paying about €6 million in bribes from 1999 to 2002 to help Siemens win natural gas turbine supply contracts with Enel, an Italian energy company. The contracts were valued at about €450 million. Siemens was fined €38 million. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.632747173309326, "source": "wiki", "title": "Siemens" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "The late 19th century saw an explosion in both the quantity of production and the variety of chemicals that were manufactured. Large chemical industries also took shape in Germany and later in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.81256103515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical industry" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "By the 1920s, chemical firms consolidated into large conglomerates; IG Farben in Germany, Rhône-Poulenc in France and Imperial Chemical Industries in Britain. Dupont became a major chemicals firm in the early 20th century in America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5835161209106445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical industry" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Over the 20 years between 1991 and 2011 the European Chemical industry saw its sales increase 295 billion Euros to 539 billion Euros a picture of constant growth. Despite this the European industry’s share of the world chemical market has fallen from 36% to 20%. This has resulted from the huge increase production and sales in the emerging markets like India and China. The data suggest that 95% of this impact is from China alone. In 2012 the data from the European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC)shows that 5 European countries account for 71% of the EU's chemicals sales. These are Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy and the Netherlands. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.522980690002441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical industry" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "At the end of 2015, the company employed more than 112,000 people, with over 52,800 in Germany alone. In 2015, BASF posted sales of €70.4 billion and income from operations before special items of about €6.7 billion. The company is currently expanding its international activities with a particular focus on Asia. Between 1990 and 2005, the company invested €5.6 billion in Asia, for example in sites near Nanjing and Shanghai, China and Mangalore in India.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6058549880981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "BASF" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "In the 1960s, production abroad was expanded and plants were built in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, France, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain and the United States. Following a change in corporate strategy in 1965, greater emphasis was placed on higher-value products such as coatings, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and fertilizers. Following German reunification, BASF acquired a site in Schwarzheide, eastern Germany, on 25 October 1990. It expanded to Podolsk, Russia, in 2012, and to Kazan in 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.809297561645508, "source": "wiki", "title": "BASF" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "75% of the BASF shares are held by institutional investors (BlackRock more than 5%). 36% of the shares are held in Germany, 11% in the UK and 17% in the U.S.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.715855121612549, "source": "wiki", "title": "BASF" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "In 2013, BASF reported a spill of several hundred kilograms of the chelating agent Trilon-B into the river Rhine from BASF's headquarters in Ludwigshafen, Germany.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5524702072143555, "source": "wiki", "title": "BASF" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nose", "passage": "The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) or long-nosed monkey, known as the bekantan in Indonesia, is a reddish-brown arboreal Old World monkey that is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo.", "precise_score": 5.7903056144714355, "rough_score": 8.499574661254883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Proboscis monkey" }, { "answer": "Nose", "passage": "The proboscis monkey is a large species, being one of the largest monkey species native to Asia. Only the Tibetan macaque and a few of the gray langurs can rival its size. Sexual dimorphism is pronounced in the species. Males have a head-body length of 66 to and typically weigh 16 to, with a maximum known weight of 30 kg. Females measure in head-and-body length and weigh 7 to, with a maximum known mass of 15 kg.Napier, J. R. and P. H. Napier. (1985) The Natural History of the Primates. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press ISBN 0262640333. Further adding to the dimorphism is the large nose or proboscis of the male, which can exceed in length, and hangs lower than the mouth.Ankel-Simons F. (2007) [https://books.google.com/books?idMwl3M6c5KzoC&printsec", "precise_score": 4.513848781585693, "rough_score": 7.7729363441467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Proboscis monkey" }, { "answer": "Nose", "passage": "The monkey also goes by the Indonesian name monyet belanda (\"Dutch monkey\"), or even orang belanda (\"Dutchman\"), as Indonesians remarked that the Dutch colonisers often had similarly large bellies and noses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.218486785888672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Proboscis monkey" }, { "answer": "Nose", "passage": "This species of monkey is easily identifiable because of its unusually large nose.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.668936729431152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Proboscis monkey" }, { "answer": "Nose", "passage": "frontcover Primate Anatomy: an introduction], 3rd Ed. San Diego: Academic Press ISBN 0080469116. Nevertheless, the nose of the female is still fairly large for a primate. The proboscis monkey has a long coat; the fur on the back is bright orange, reddish brown, yellowish brown or brick-red.Payne J, Francis CM, Phillips K. (1985) A field guide to the mammals of Borneo. Kuala Lumpur (MY): World Wildlife Fund Malaysia & The Sabah Society ISBN 9679994716. The underfur is light-grey, yellowish, or greyish to light-orange. The face is orange-pink. The male has a red penis with a black scrotum. Both sexes have bulging stomachs that give the monkeys what resembles a pot belly. Many of the monkeys' toes are webbed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.193495273590088, "source": "wiki", "title": "Proboscis monkey" }, { "answer": "Nose", "passage": "Females become sexually mature at the age of five years. They experience sexual swelling, which involves the genitals becoming pink or reddened. At one site, matings largely take place between February and November, while births occur between March and May. Copulations tend to last for half a minute. The male will grab the female by the ankles or torso and mount her from behind. Both sexes will encourage mating, but they are not always successful. When soliciting, both sexes will make pouted faces. In addition, males will sometimes vocalize and females will present their backsides. Mating pairs are sometimes harassed by subadults. Proboscis monkeys may also engage in mounting with no reproductive purpose, such as playful and same-sex mounting. Gestation usually last 166–200 days or slightly more. Females tend to give birth at night or in the early morning. The mothers then eat the placenta and lick their infants clean. The young begin to eat solid foods at six weeks and are weaned at seven months old. The nose of a young male grows slowly until reaching adulthood. The mother will allow other members of her group to hold her infant. When a resident male in a one-male group is replaced, the infants are at risk of infanticide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.669519901275635, "source": "wiki", "title": "Proboscis monkey" } ]

[ { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and author. She came from a famous religious family and is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). It depicts the harsh life for African Americans under slavery. It reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and Great Britain. It energized anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. She wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential for both her writings and her public stands on social issues of the day.", "precise_score": 7.630768299102783, "rough_score": 9.023202896118164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harriet Beecher Stowe" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel \"helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War\", according to Will Kaufman. ", "precise_score": 8.992148399353027, "rough_score": 8.831289291381836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States; one million copies in Great Britain. In 1855, three years after it was published, it was called \"the most popular novel of our day.\" The impact attributed to the book is great, reinforced by a story that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War, Lincoln declared, \"So this is the little lady who started this great war.\"Charles Edward Stowe, Harriet Beecher Stowe: The Story of Her Life (1911) p. 203. The quote is", "precise_score": 2.8803625106811523, "rough_score": 4.6171770095825195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Stowe was partly inspired to create Uncle Tom's Cabin by the slave narrative The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself (1849). Henson, a formerly enslaved black man, had lived and worked on a 3700 acre tobacco plantation in North Bethesda, Maryland, owned by Isaac Riley.Susan Logue, [http://www.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2006-01-13-voa58.html \"Historic Uncle Tom's Cabin Saved\"], VOA News, January 12, 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2011. Henson escaped slavery in 1830 by fleeing to the Province of Upper Canada (now Ontario), where he helped other fugitive slaves settle and become self-sufficient, and where he wrote his memoirs. Stowe acknowledged in 1853 that Henson's writings inspired Uncle Tom's Cabin. When Stowe's work became a best-seller, Henson republished his memoirs as The Memoirs of Uncle Tom and traveled on lecture tours extensively in the United States and Europe. Stowe's novel lent its name to Henson's home—Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site, near Dresden, Canada—which since the 1940s has been a museum. The cabin where Henson lived while he was enslaved no longer exists, but a cabin on the Riley farm erroneously thought to be the Henson Cabin was purchased by the Montgomery County, Maryland, government in 2006. It is now a part of the National Park Service National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom program, and plans are underway to build a museum and interpretive center on the site.", "precise_score": -2.8183906078338623, "rough_score": -3.6778922080993652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Stowe mentioned a number of the inspirations and sources for her novel in A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853). This non-fiction book was intended to verify Stowe's claims about slavery. However, later research indicated that Stowe did not read many of the book's cited works until after she had published her novel.", "precise_score": 4.009198188781738, "rough_score": 3.155884027481079, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin first appeared as a 40-week serial in The National Era, an abolitionist periodical, starting with the June 5, 1851, issue. It was originally intended as a shorter narrative that would run for only a few weeks. Stowe expanded the story significantly, however, and it was instantly popular, such that several protests were sent to the Era office when she missed an issue. Because of the story's popularity, the publisher John P. Jewett contacted Stowe about turning the serial into a book. While Stowe questioned if anyone would read Uncle Tom's Cabin in book form, she eventually consented to the request.", "precise_score": 0.7993872165679932, "rough_score": -0.5237773060798645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Because Stowe saw motherhood as the \"ethical and structural model for all of American life\" and also believed that only women had the moral authority to save the United States from the demon of slavery, another major theme of Uncle Tom's Cabin is the moral power and sanctity of women. Through characters like Eliza, who escapes from slavery to save her young son (and eventually reunites her entire family), or Eva, who is seen as the \"ideal Christian\", Stowe shows how she believed women could save those around them from even the worst injustices. While later critics have noted that Stowe's female characters are often domestic clichés instead of realistic women, Stowe's novel \"reaffirmed the importance of women's influence\" and helped pave the way for the women's rights movement in the following decades. ", "precise_score": 0.42452654242515564, "rough_score": -4.107636451721191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin is written in the sentimental and melodramatic style common to 19th century sentimental novels and domestic fiction (also called women's fiction). These genres were the most popular novels of Stowe's time and tended to feature female main characters and a writing style which evoked a reader's sympathy and emotion. Even though Stowe's novel differs from other sentimental novels by focusing on a large theme like slavery and by having a man as the main character, she still set out to elicit certain strong feelings from her readers. The power in this type of writing can be seen in the reaction of contemporary readers. Georgiana May, a friend of Stowe's, wrote a letter to the author, saying: \"I was up last night long after one o'clock, reading and finishing Uncle Tom's Cabin. I could not leave it any more than I could have left a dying child.\" Another reader is described as obsessing on the book at all hours and having considered renaming her daughter Eva. Evidently the death of Little Eva affected a lot of people at that time, because in 1852, 300 baby girls in Boston alone were given that name.", "precise_score": 0.45820823311805725, "rough_score": -2.054070234298706, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Acclaimed Southern novelist William Gilmore Simms declared the work utterly false, while others called the novel criminal and slanderous.Alfred L. Brophy, [http://blurblawg.typepad.com/files/stowe.pdf \"Over and above ... There Broods a Portentous Shadow,—The Shadow of Law: Harriet Beecher Stowe's Critique of Slave Law in Uncle Tom's Cabin\"], Journal of Law and Religion, Vol. 12, No. 2 (1995–1996), pp. 457–506. Reactions ranged from a bookseller in Mobile, Alabama, being forced to leave town for selling the novel to threatening letters sent to Stowe (including a package containing a slave's severed ear). Many Southern writers, like Simms, soon wrote their own books in opposition to Stowe's novel. ", "precise_score": 2.98108172416687, "rough_score": -2.327610969543457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "In response to these criticisms, in 1853 Stowe published A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, an attempt to document the veracity of the novel's depiction of slavery. In the book, Stowe discusses each of the major characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin and cites \"real life equivalents\" to them while also mounting a more \"aggressive attack on slavery in the South than the novel itself had.\" Like the novel, A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin was also a best-seller. However, while Stowe claimed A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin documented her previously consulted sources, she actually read many of the cited works only after the publication of her novel. A major part of the Key was Stowe's critique of how the legal system supported slavery and licensed owners' mistreatment of slaves. Thus, Stowe put more than slavery on trial; she put the law on trial. This continued an important theme of Uncle Tom's Cabin—that the shadow of law brooded over the institution of slavery and allowed owners to mistreat slaves and then avoid punishment for their mistreatment. In some cases, as Stowe pointed out, it even prevented kind owners from freeing their slaves.", "precise_score": 2.6658289432525635, "rough_score": 1.0023683309555054, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Despite these criticisms, the novel still captured the imagination of many Americans. According to Stowe's son, when Abraham Lincoln met her in 1862 Lincoln commented, \"So this is the little lady who started this great war.\" Historians are undecided if Lincoln actually said this line, and in a letter that Stowe wrote to her husband a few hours after meeting with Lincoln no mention of this comment was made.Uncle Tom's Cabin, introduction by Amanda Claybaugh, Barnes and Noble Classics, New York, 2003, p. xvii. Since then, many writers have credited this novel with focusing Northern anger at the injustices of slavery and the Fugitive Slave Law and helping to fuel the abolitionist movement. Union general and politician James Baird Weaver said that the book convinced him to become active in the abolitionist movement. ", "precise_score": 2.1843903064727783, "rough_score": 2.0897486209869385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin also created great interest in the United Kingdom. The first London edition appeared in May 1852 and sold 200,000 copies. Some of this interest was because of British antipathy to America. As one prominent writer explained, \"The evil passions which Uncle Tom gratified in England were not hatred or vengeance [of slavery], but national jealousy and national vanity. We have long been smarting under the conceit of America—we are tired of hearing her boast that she is the freest and the most enlightened country that the world has ever seen. Our clergy hate her voluntary system—our Tories hate her democrats—our Whigs hate her parvenus—our Radicals hate her litigiousness, her insolence, and her ambition. All parties hailed Mrs. Stowe as a revolter from the enemy.\" Charles Francis Adams, the American minister to Britain during the war, argued later that \"Uncle Tom's Cabin; or Life among the Lowly, published in 1852, exercised, largely from fortuitous circumstances, a more immediate, considerable and dramatic world-influence than any other book ever printed.\" ", "precise_score": 2.4534993171691895, "rough_score": 0.49818235635757446, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "In response to Uncle Tom's Cabin, writers in the Southern United States produced a number of books to rebut Stowe's novel. This so-called Anti-Tom literature generally took a pro-slavery viewpoint, arguing that the issues of slavery as depicted in Stowe's book were overblown and incorrect. The novels in this genre tended to feature a benign white patriarchal master and a pure wife, both of whom presided over childlike slaves in a benevolent extended family style plantation. The novels either implied or directly stated that African Americans were a childlike people unable to live their lives without being directly overseen by white people. ", "precise_score": 3.779001235961914, "rough_score": 2.1845645904541016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin and Civil War", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393202781677246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harriet Beecher Stowe" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Shortly after, in June 1851, when she was 40, the first installment of her Uncle Tom's Cabin was published in serial form in the newspaper National Era. She originally used the subtitle \"The Man That Was A Thing\", but it was soon changed to \"Life Among the Lowly\". Installments were published weekly from June 5, 1851, to April 1, 1852. For the newspaper serialization of her novel, Stowe was paid $400. Uncle Tom's Cabin was published in book form on March 20, 1852, by John P. Jewett with an initial print run of 5,000 copies. Each of its two volumes included three illustrations and a title-page designed by Hammatt Billings. In less than a year, the book sold an unprecedented 300,000 copies. By December, as sales began to wane, Jewett issued an inexpensive edition at 37 1/2 cents each to stimulate sales. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.290674686431885, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harriet Beecher Stowe" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "\"writing Uncle Tom's Cabin over again. She imagined that she was engaged in the original composition, and for several hours every day she industriously used pen and paper, inscribing passages of the book almost exactly word for word. This was done unconsciously from memory, the authoress imagining that she composed the matter as she went along. To her diseased mind the story was brand new and she frequently exhausted herself with labor which she regarded as freshly created.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.678472518920898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harriet Beecher Stowe" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Brunswick, Maine, is where Stowe lived when she wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. Her husband was teaching theology at nearby Bowdoin College, and she regularly invited students from the college and friends to read and discuss the chapters before publication. Future Civil War general, and later Governor, Joshua Chamberlain was then a student at the college and later described the setting. \"On these occasions,\" Chamberlain noted, \"a chosen circle of friends, mostly young, were favored with the freedom of her house, the rallying point being, however, the reading before publication, of the successive chapters of her Uncle Tom's Cabin, and the frank discussion of them.\" In 2001 Bowdoin College purchased the house, together with a newer attached building, and was able to raise the substantial funds necessary to restore the house. It is not open to the public.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4680376052856445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harriet Beecher Stowe" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "The Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site is part of the restored Dawn Settlement at Dresden, Ontario, which is 20 miles east of Algonac, Michigan. The community for freed slaves founded by the Rev. Josiah Henson and other abolitionists in the 1830s has been restored. There's also a museum. Henson and the Dawn Settlement provided Stowe with the inspiration for Uncle Tom's Cabin. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.670919418334961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harriet Beecher Stowe" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "*Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.299917221069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harriet Beecher Stowe" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "*A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.342066764831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harriet Beecher Stowe" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "The book and the plays it inspired helped popularize a number of stereotypes about black people. These include the affectionate, dark-skinned \"mammy\"; the \"pickaninny\" stereotype of black children; and the \"Uncle Tom\", or dutiful, long-suffering servant faithful to his white master or mistress. In recent years, the negative associations with Uncle Tom's Cabin have, to an extent, overshadowed the historical impact of the book as a \"vital antislavery tool.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.499653816223145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "In the first year of publication, 300,000 copies of Uncle Tom's Cabin were sold. At that point, however, \"demand came to an unexpected halt.... No more copies were produced for many years, and if, as is claimed, Abraham Lincoln greeted Stowe in 1862 as 'the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war,' the work had effectively been out of print for many years.\" Jewett went out of business, and it was not until Ticknor and Fields put the work back in print in November 1862 that demand began again to increase. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.530755996704102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "The book was translated into all major languages, and in the United States it became the second best-selling book after the Bible. A number of the early editions carried an introduction by Rev James Sherman, a Congregational minister in London noted for his abolitionist views. Uncle Tom's Cabin sold equally well in Britain, with the first London edition appearing in May 1852 and selling 200,000 copies. In a few years over 1.5 million copies of the book were in circulation in Britain, although most of these were infringing copies (a similar situation occurred in the United States). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.907942771911621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Emily Shelby", "passage": "The book opens with a Kentucky farmer named Arthur Shelby facing the loss of his farm because of debts. Even though he and his wife Emily Shelby believe that they have a benevolent relationship with their slaves, Shelby decides to raise the needed funds by selling two of them—Uncle Tom, a middle-aged man with a wife and children, and Harry, the son of Emily Shelby's maid Eliza—to a slave trader. Emily Shelby is averse to this idea because she had promised her maid that her child would never be sold; Emily's son, George Shelby, hates to see Tom go because he sees the man as his friend and mentor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.450785636901855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Simon Legree", "passage": "Tom sold to Simon Legree", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443713188171387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Simon Legree", "passage": "Before St. Clare can follow through on his pledge, however, he dies after being stabbed outside of a tavern. His wife reneges on her late husband's vow and sells Tom at auction to a vicious plantation owner named Simon Legree. Legree (a transplanted northerner) takes Tom and Emmeline (whom Legree purchased at the same time) to rural Louisiana, where they meet Legree's other slaves.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.811532020568848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Legree", "passage": "Legree begins to hate Tom when Tom refuses Legree's order to whip his fellow slave. Legree beats Tom viciously and resolves to crush his new slave's faith in God. Despite Legree's cruelty, however, Tom refuses to stop reading his Bible and comforting the other slaves as best he can. While at the plantation, Tom meets Cassy, another of Legree's slaves. Cassy was previously separated from her son and daughter when they were sold; unable to endure the pain of seeing another child sold, she killed her third child.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.951910018920898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Legree", "passage": "At this point Tom Loker returns to the story. Loker has changed as the result of being healed by the Quakers. George, Eliza, and Harry have also obtained their freedom after crossing into Canada. In Louisiana, Uncle Tom almost succumbs to hopelessness as his faith in God is tested by the hardships of the plantation. However, he has two visions, one of Jesus and one of Eva, which renew his resolve to remain a faithful Christian, even unto death. He encourages Cassy to escape, which she does, taking Emmeline with her. When Tom refuses to tell Legree where Cassy and Emmeline have gone, Legree orders his overseers to kill Tom. As Tom is dying, he forgives the overseers who savagely beat him. Humbled by the character of the man they have killed, both men become Christians. Very shortly before Tom's death, George Shelby (Arthur Shelby's son) arrives to buy Tom's freedom but finds he is too late.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.839303970336914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Eliza Harris", "passage": "The character Eliza was inspired by an account given at Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati by John Rankin to Stowe's husband Calvin, a professor at the school. According to Rankin, in February 1838 a young slave woman, Eliza Harris, had escaped across the frozen Ohio River to the town of Ripley with her child in her arms and stayed at his house on her way further north. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7451019287109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Simon Legree", "passage": "Simon Legree", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3580961227417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Simon Legree", "passage": "Simon Legree is a cruel slave owner—a Northerner by birth—whose name has become synonymous with greed. He is arguably the novel's main antagonist. His goal is to demoralize Tom and break him of his religious faith; he eventually orders Tom whipped to death out of frustration for his slave's unbreakable belief in God. The novel reveals that, as a young man, he had abandoned his sickly mother for a life at sea and ignored her letter to see her one last time at her deathbed. He sexually exploits Cassy, who despises him, and later sets his designs on Emmeline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.830625534057617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Legree", "passage": "It is unclear if Legree is based on any actual individuals. Reports surfaced after the 1870s that Stowe had in mind a wealthy cotton and sugar plantation owner named Meredith Calhoun, who settled on the Red River north of Alexandria, Louisiana. Generally, however, the personal characteristics of Calhoun (\"highly educated and refined\") do not match the uncouthness and brutality of Legree. Calhoun even edited his own newspaper, published in Colfax (originally \"Calhoun's Landing\"), which was renamed The National Democrat after Calhoun's death. However, Calhoun's overseers may have been in line with the hated Legree's methods and motivations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.017688751220703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "The more notable of the secondary and minor characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin are:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.372452735900879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Emily Shelby", "passage": "* Emily Shelby – Arthur Shelby's wife. She is a deeply religious woman who strives to be a kind and moral influence upon her slaves and is appalled when her husband sells his slaves with a slave trader. As a woman, she has no legal way to stop this, as all property belongs to her husband.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.496210098266602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Simon Legree", "passage": "* Quimbo and Sambo – slaves of Simon Legree who act as overseers of the plantation. On orders from Legree, they savagely whip Tom but afterward tearfully repent of their deeds to Tom, who forgives them as he lies dying.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.887289047241211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin is dominated by a single theme: the evil and immorality of slavery. While Stowe weaves other subthemes throughout her text, such as the moral authority of motherhood and the redeeming possibilities offered by Christianity, she emphasizes the connections between these and the horrors of slavery. Stowe sometimes changed the story's voice so she could give a \"homily\" on the destructive nature of slavery (such as when a white woman on the steamboat carrying Tom further south states, \"The most dreadful part of slavery, to my mind, is its outrages of feelings and affections—the separating of families, for example.\"). One way Stowe showed the evil of slavery was how this \"peculiar institution\" forcibly separated families from each other. One of the subthemes presented in the novel is temperance. Stowe made it somewhat subtle and in some cases she weaved it into events that would also support the dominant theme. One example of this is when Augustine St. Clare is killed, he attempted to stop a brawl between two inebriated men in a cafe and was stabbed. One other example is the death of the slave woman Prue who was whipped to death for being drunk on a consistent basis; however, her reasons for doing so is due to the loss of her baby. In the opening of the novel, the fates of Eliza and her son are being discussed between slave owners over wine. Considering that Stowe intended this to be a subtheme, then this scene could foreshadow future events that puts alcohol in a bad light.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.082446575164795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Stowe's puritanical religious beliefs show up in the novel's final, overarching theme—the exploration of the nature of Christianity and how she feels Christian theology is fundamentally incompatible with slavery. This theme is most evident when Tom urges St. Clare to \"look away to Jesus\" after the death of St. Clare's beloved daughter Eva. After Tom dies, George Shelby eulogizes Tom by saying, \"What a thing it is to be a Christian.\" Because Christian themes play such a large role in Uncle Tom's Cabin—and because of Stowe's frequent use of direct authorial interjections on religion and faith—the novel often takes the \"form of a sermon.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.908344745635986, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Despite this positive reaction from readers, for decades literary critics dismissed the style found in Uncle Tom's Cabin and other sentimental novels because these books were written by women and so prominently featured \"women's sloppy emotions.\" One literary critic said that had the novel not been about slavery, \"it would be just another sentimental novel,\" while another described the book as \"primarily a derivative piece of hack work.\" In The Literary History of the United States, George F. Whicher called Uncle Tom's Cabin \"Sunday-school fiction\", full of \"broadly conceived melodrama, humor, and pathos.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.559726715087891, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "However, in 1985 Jane Tompkins expressed a different view of Uncle Tom's Cabin with her book In Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction. Tompkins praised the style so many other critics had dismissed, writing that sentimental novels showed how women's emotions had the power to change the world for the better. She also said that the popular domestic novels of the 19th century, including Uncle Tom's Cabin, were remarkable for their \"intellectual complexity, ambition, and resourcefulness\"; and that Uncle Tom's Cabin offers a \"critique of American society far more devastating than any delivered by better-known critics such as Hawthorne and Melville.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.755169868469238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "This view remains the subject of dispute. Writing in 2001, legal scholar Richard Posner described Uncle Tom's Cabin as part of the mediocre list of canonical works that emerges when political criteria are imposed on literature. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05787467956543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin has exerted an influence equaled by few other novels in history. Upon publication, Uncle Tom's Cabin ignited a firestorm of protest from defenders of slavery (who created a number of books in response to the novel) while the book elicited praise from abolitionists. As a best-seller, the novel heavily influenced later protest literature.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.265253067016602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin outraged people in the American South.[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2958.html \"Slave narratives and Uncle Tom's Cabin\"], Africans in America, PBS, accessed February 16, 2007. The novel was also roundly criticized by slavery supporters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.300374031066895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "A French edition, translated by M. L. Carion (or by [Anne-]Louise Swanton-Belloc? (1796–1881)), appeared by 1853 published in Cambrai and in Paris. By 1857, the novel had been translated into 20 languages, including two independent translations into Slovene just one year after its original publication, which started the since-then uninterrupted dialogue between American authors and Slovene translators and readers. Later, it was translated into almost every major language, including Chinese (with translator Lin Shu creating the first Chinese translation of an American novel in 1901) and Amharic (with the 1930 translation created in support of Ethiopian efforts to end the suffering of blacks in that nation). The book was so widely read that Sigmund Freud reported a number of patients with sado-masochistic tendencies who he believed had been influenced by reading about the whipping of slaves in Uncle Tom's Cabin. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.93849515914917, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "As the first widely read political novel in the United States, Uncle Tom's Cabin greatly influenced development of not only American literature but also protest literature in general. Later books which owe a large debt to Uncle Tom's Cabin include The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.694648742675781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Despite this undisputed significance, Uncle Tom's Cabin has been called \"a blend of children's fable and propaganda.\" The novel has also been dismissed by a number of literary critics as \"merely a sentimental novel,\" while critic George Whicher stated in his Literary History of the United States that \"Nothing attributable to Mrs. Stowe or her handiwork can account for the novel's enormous vogue; its author's resources as a purveyor of Sunday-school fiction were not remarkable. She had at most a ready command of broadly conceived melodrama, humor, and pathos, and of these popular sentiments she compounded her book.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.73478889465332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Other critics, though, have praised the novel. Edmund Wilson stated that \"To expose oneself in maturity to Uncle Tom's Cabin may ... prove a startling experience.\" Jane Tompkins states that the novel is one of the classics of American literature and wonders if many literary critics aren't dismissing the book because it was simply too popular during its day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.03168773651123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Modern scholars and readers have criticized the book for what are seen as condescending racist descriptions of the book's black characters, especially with regard to the characters' appearances, speech, and behavior, as well as the passive nature of Uncle Tom in accepting his fate. The novel's creation and use of common stereotypes about African Americans is significant because Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel in the world during the 19th century. As a result, the book (along with illustrations from the book and associated stage productions) played a major role in permanently ingraining these stereotypes into the American psyche.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.959585189819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Among the stereotypes of blacks in Uncle Tom's Cabin are the \"happy darky\" (in the lazy, carefree character of Sam); the light-skinned tragic mulatto as a sex object (in the characters of Eliza, Cassy, and Emmeline); the affectionate, dark-skinned female mammy (through several characters, including Mammy, a cook at the St. Clare plantation); the pickaninny stereotype of black children (in the character of Topsy); the Uncle Tom, an African American who is too eager to please white people. Stowe intended Tom to be a \"noble hero\". The stereotype of him as a \"subservient fool who bows down to the white man\" evidently resulted from staged \"Tom Shows\", over which Stowe had no control.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.537701606750488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "These negative associations have to a large degree overshadowed the historical impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin as a \"vital antislavery tool\". The beginning of this change in the novel's perception had its roots in an essay by James Baldwin titled \"Everybody's Protest Novel\". In the essay, Baldwin called Uncle Tom's Cabin a \"very bad novel\" which was also racially obtuse and aesthetically crude. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.46750259399414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "In the 1960s and 1970s, the Black Power and Black Arts Movements attacked the novel, saying that the character of Uncle Tom engaged in \"race betrayal\", and that Tom made slaves out to be worse than slave owners. Criticisms of the other stereotypes in the book also increased during this time. In recent years, however, scholars such as Henry Louis Gates Jr. have begun to re-examine Uncle Tom's Cabin, stating that the book is a \"central document in American race relations and a significant moral and political exploration of the character of those relations\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.761359214782715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "In the decade between the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin and the start of the American Civil War, between twenty and thirty anti-Tom books were published. Among these novels are two books titled Uncle Tom's Cabin As It Is (one by W. L. Smith and the other by C. H. Wiley) and a book by John Pendleton Kennedy. More than half of these anti-Tom books were written by white women, with Simms commenting at one point about the \"Seemingly poetic justice of having the Northern woman (Stowe) answered by a Southern woman.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.909046173095703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Even though Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century, far more Americans of that time saw the story as a stage play or musical than read the book. Eric Lott, in his book Uncle Tomitudes: Racial Melodrama and Modes of Production, estimates that at least three million people saw these plays, ten times the book's first-year sales.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.966301918029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Given the lax copyright laws of the time, stage plays based on Uncle Tom's Cabin—\"Tom shows\"—began to appear while the novel was still being serialized. Stowe refused to authorize dramatization of her work because of her distrust of drama (although she did eventually go to see George L. Aiken's version and, according to Francis Underwood, was \"delighted\" by Caroline Howard's portrayal of Topsy). Aiken's stage production continued as \"the most popular play in England and America for seventy-five years.\" Stowe's refusal to authorize a particular dramatic version left the field clear for any number of adaptations, some launched for (various) political reasons and others as simply commercial theatrical ventures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.427476406097412, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "The many stage variants of Uncle Tom's Cabin \"dominated northern popular culture... for several years\" during the 19th century, and the plays were still being performed in the early 20th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233575820922852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "One of the unique and controversial variants of the Tom Shows was Walt Disney's 1933 Mickey's Mellerdrammer. Mickey's Mellerdrammer is a United Artists film released in 1933. The title is a corruption of \"melodrama\", thought to harken back to the earliest minstrel shows, as a film short based on a production of Uncle Tom's Cabin by the Disney characters. In that film, Mickey Mouse and friends stage their own production of Uncle Tom's Cabin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192874908447266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin has been adapted several times as a film. Most of these movies were created during the silent film era (Uncle Tom's Cabin was the most-filmed book of that time period). Because of the continuing popularity of both the book and \"Tom\" shows, audiences were already familiar with the characters and the plot, making it easier for the film to be understood without spoken words. There has been no Hollywood treatment since the end of the silent era.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.229429244995117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "The first film version of Uncle Tom's Cabin was one of the earliest full-length movies (although full-length at that time meant between 10 and 14 minutes). This 1903 film, directed by Edwin S. Porter, used white actors in blackface in the major roles and black performers only as extras. This version was evidently similar to many of the \"Tom Shows\" of earlier decades and featured numerous stereotypes about blacks (such as having the slaves dance in almost any context, including at a slave auction).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911920547485352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "At least four more movie adaptations were created in the next two decades. The last silent film version was released in 1927. Directed by Harry A. Pollard (who played Uncle Tom in a 1913 release of Uncle Tom's Cabin), this two-hour movie was more than a year in production and was the third most expensive picture of the silent era (at a cost of $1.8 million). The black actor Charles Gilpin was originally cast in the title role, but he was fired after the studio decided his \"portrayal was too aggressive.\" James B. Lowe took over the character of Tom. The screenplay takes many liberties with the original book, including altering the Eliza and George subplot, introducing the Civil War and Emancipation, and combining the characters of Eliza and Emmeline. Another difference occurs after Tom dies: Simon Legree is haunted by an apparitional vision of the late Tom and falls to his death in a futile effort to attack the ghostly image.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.928065299987793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "In addition to film adaptations, versions of Uncle Tom's Cabin have been produced in other formats. In Brazil, the adapted version A Cabana do Pai Tomás was produced as a TV soap opera by Rede Globo; with 205 episodes, it was aired from July 1969 to March 1970.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324399948120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Uncle Tom's Cabin has influenced numerous movies, including Birth of a Nation. This controversial 1915 film set the dramatic climax in a slave cabin similar to that of Uncle Tom, where several white Southerners unite with their former enemy (Yankee soldiers) to defend, according to the film's caption, their \"Aryan birthright.\" According to scholars, this reuse of such a familiar image of a slave cabin would have resonated with, and been understood by, audiences of the time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03359317779541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "passage": "Other movies influenced by or making use of Uncle Tom's Cabin include Dimples (a 1936 Shirley Temple film), Uncle Tom's Uncle, (a 1926 Our Gang episode), its 1932 remake Spanky, the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I (in which a ballet called \"Small House of Uncle Thomas\" is performed in traditional Siamese style), and Gangs of New York (in which Leonardo DiCaprio and Daniel Day-Lewis's characters attend an imagined wartime adaptation of Uncle Tom's Cabin).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.737221717834473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin" } ]

[ { "answer": "Brake", "passage": "* Found objects, including spanners, brake drums, buckets, cardboard boxes, and jam and kerosene tins (anything ordinary that can be percussively struck to produce sounds, patterns and grooves for their setting)", "precise_score": -6.3517374992370605, "rough_score": -8.550516128540039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Drum kit" } ]

[ { "answer": "Swoosh", "passage": "The company was founded on January 25, 1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports, by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, and officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, Nike Blazers, Air Force 1, Nike Dunk, Air Max, Foamposite, Nike Skateboarding, and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan, Hurley International and Converse. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey (later renamed Nike Bauer) between 1995 and 2008, and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro. In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of \"Just Do It\" and the Swoosh logo.", "precise_score": 3.672928810119629, "rough_score": 6.046417236328125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nike, Inc." }, { "answer": "Swoosh", "passage": "By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end. BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwears, which would bear the Swoosh newly designed by Carolyn Davidson. The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971, and was registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7926802635192871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nike, Inc." } ]

[ { "answer": "Pokey", "passage": "Gumby follows the titular character and his adventures through different environments and times in history. Gumby's principal sidekick is Pokey, a talking orange pony. His nemeses are the Blockheads, a pair of humanoid, red-colored figures with cube-shaped heads, who wreak mischief and havoc. The Blockheads were inspired by The Katzenjammer Kids, who were always getting into scrapes and causing discomfort to others. Other characters are Prickle, a yellow dinosaur who sometimes styles himself as a detective with pipe and deerstalker hat like Sherlock Holmes, and Goo, a flying blue mermaid who spits blue goo balls and can change shape at will. Also featured are Gumby's dog Nopey, whose entire vocabulary is the word \"nope,\" and Gumby's parents, Gumbo and Gumba. The later syndicated series in 1988 added Gumby's sister Minga and mastodon friend Denali. ", "precise_score": 0.6074398159980774, "rough_score": -1.717421293258667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gumby" }, { "answer": "Pokey", "passage": "On October 12, 2011, Google paid tribute to Art Clokey’s 90th birthday featuring clay balls transforming into characters from Gumby. The doodle was composed of five clay balls in the Google colors placed beside a toy block with a \"G\" on it. Clicking any of the balls revealed the Blockheads, Prickle, Goo, Gumby, and Pokey. ", "precise_score": -2.691815137863159, "rough_score": -5.421533584594727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gumby" }, { "answer": "Pokey", "passage": "* Dallas McKennon: Gumby (1957, 1960–1966, 1988), Pokey (1960–1966), Gumbo (1960–1968), Prickle (1964–1968), Professor Kapp (1964–1988)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.27991008758545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gumby" }, { "answer": "Pokey", "passage": "* Norma MacMillan: Gumby (1964–1968), Pokey (1967–1968), Goo (1964–1968), Prickle (1960)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3311004638671875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gumby" }, { "answer": "Pokey", "passage": "* Art Clokey: Pokey (1955–1988), Prickle (1967), Gumbo (1955–1988)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.372750282287598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gumby" }, { "answer": "Pokey", "passage": "Beginning in 1994, the Library of Congress used Gumby as a spokescharacter due to a common sequence in the show where Gumby walks into a book and experiences the world within the book as a tangible place. This then led to a traveling exhibit called Adventures into Books: Gumby's World, a promotion for the Center for the Book's national reading campaign from 1997 to 2000. By the end of the 90s, Gumby and Pokey had also appeared in commercials for Cheerios cereal, most notably Frosted Cheerios. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.605327606201172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gumby" }, { "answer": "Pokey", "passage": "In August 2005, the first video game featuring Gumby, Gumby vs. the Astrobots, was released by Namco for the Game Boy Advance. In it, Gumby must rescue Pokey, Prickle, and Goo after they are captured by the Blockheads and their cohorts, the Astrobots. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.40835189819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gumby" } ]

[ { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "Cooper began his career as a film extra and stunt rider and soon landed acting roles. After establishing himself as a Western hero in his early silent films, Cooper became a movie star in 1929 with his first sound picture, The Virginian. In the early 1930s, he expanded his heroic image to include more cautious characters in adventure films and dramas such as A Farewell to Arms (1932) and The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935). During the height of his career, Cooper portrayed a new type of hero—a champion of the common man—in films such as Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Meet John Doe (1941), Sergeant York (1941), The Pride of the Yankees (1942), and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943). In the post-war years, he portrayed more mature characters at odds with the world in films such as The Fountainhead (1949) and High Noon (1952). In his final films, Cooper played non-violent characters searching for redemption in films such as Friendly Persuasion (1956) and Man of the West (1958).", "precise_score": 1.3222284317016602, "rough_score": -1.620373010635376, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Cooper" }, { "answer": "Alvin York", "passage": "That same year, Cooper made two films with director and good friend Howard Hawks. In the biographical film Sergeant York, Cooper portrays war hero Alvin C. York, one of the most decorated American soldiers in World War I. The film chronicles York's early backwoods days in Tennessee, his religious conversion and subsequent piety, his stand as a conscientious objector, and finally his heroic actions at the Battle of the Argonne Forest, which earned him the Medal of Honor. Initially, Cooper was nervous and uncertain about playing a living hero, so he traveled to Tennessee to visit York at his home, and the two quiet men established an immediate rapport and discovered they had much in common. Inspired by York's encouragement, Cooper delivered a performance that Howard Barnes of the New York Herald Tribune called \"one of extraordinary conviction and versatility\", and that Archer Winston of the New York Post called \"one of his best\". After the film's release, Cooper was awarded the Distinguished Citizenship Medal by the Veterans of Foreign Wars for his \"powerful contribution to the promotion of patriotism and loyalty\". York admired Cooper's performance and helped promote the film for Warner Bros. Sergeant York became the top-grossing film of the year and was nominated for eleven Academy Awards. Accepting his first Academy Award for Best Actor from his friend James Stewart, Cooper said, \"It was Sergeant Alvin York who won this award. Shucks, I've been in the business sixteen years and sometimes dreamed I might get one of these. That's all I can say ... Funny when I was dreaming I always made a better speech.\"", "precise_score": 3.0201876163482666, "rough_score": 1.128645896911621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Cooper" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "On February 6, 1960, Cooper was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6243 Hollywood Boulevard for his contribution to the film industry. He was also awarded a star on the sidewalk outside the Ellen Theater in Bozeman, Montana. On May 6, 1961, he was awarded the French Order of Arts and Letters in recognition of his significant contribution to the arts. On July 30, 1961, he was posthumously awarded the David di Donatello Special Award in Italy for his career achievements. In 1966, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City. The American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Cooper eleventh on its list of the 25 male stars of classic Hollywood. Three of his characters—Will Kane, Lou Gehrig, and Sergeant York—made AFI's list of the one hundred greatest heroes and villains, all of them as heroes. His Lou Gehrig line, \"Today, I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth.\", is ranked by AFI as the thirty-eighth greatest movie quote of all time. More than a half century after his death, Cooper's enduring legacy, according to biographer Jeffrey Meyers, is his image of the ideal American hero preserved in his film performances. Charlton Heston once observed, \"He projected the kind of man Americans would like to be, probably more than any actor that's ever lived.\" ", "precise_score": -2.245351791381836, "rough_score": -5.106422424316406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Cooper" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "Alvin Cullum York (December 13, 1887 – September 2, 1964), known also by his rank, Sergeant York, was one of the most decorated soldiers of the United States Army in World War I. He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking 35 machine guns, killing at least 28 German soldiers, and capturing 132 others. This action occurred during the United States-led portion of the broader Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France to breach the Hindenburg line and make the opposing German forces surrender.", "precise_score": -2.1185195446014404, "rough_score": 0.27436408400535583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "York had refused several times to authorize a film version of his life story. Finally, in 1940, as York was looking to finance an interdenominational Bible school, he yielded to a persistent Hollywood producer and negotiated the contract himself. In 1941, the movie Sergeant York directed by Howard Hawks with Gary Cooper in the title role told about his life and Medal of Honor action. The screenplay included much fictitious material though it was based on York's Diary. The marketing of the film included a visit by York to the White House where FDR praised the film. Some of the response to the film divided along political lines, with advocates of preparedness and aid to Great Britain enthusiastic (\"Hollywood's first solid contribution to the national defense\", said Time) and isolationists calling it \"propaganda\" for the administration. It received 11 Oscar nominations and won two, including the Academy Award for Best Actor for Cooper. It was the highest-grossing picture of 1941. York's earnings from the film, about $150,000 in the first two years as well as later royalties, resulted in a decade-long battle with the Internal Revenue Service. York eventually built part of his planned Bible school, which hosted 100 students until the late 1950s. ", "precise_score": 1.3250641822814941, "rough_score": -3.1803083419799805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "He married New York debutante Veronica Balfe in 1933, and the couple had one daughter. Their marriage was interrupted by a three-year separation precipitated by Cooper's love affair with Patricia Neal. Cooper received the Academy Award for Best Actor for his roles in Sergeant York and High Noon. He also received an Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements in 1961. He was one of the top ten film personalities for twenty-three consecutive years, and was one of the top money-making stars for eighteen years. The American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Cooper eleventh on its list of the twenty five greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.7226409912109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Cooper" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "Cooper did not serve in the military during World War II due to his age and health, but like many of his colleagues, he got involved in the war effort by entertaining the troops. In June 1943, he visited military hospitals in San Diego, and often appeared at the Hollywood Canteen serving food to the servicemen. In late 1943, Cooper undertook a 23000 mi tour of the South West Pacific with actresses Una Merkel and Phyllis Brooks, and accordionist Andy Arcari. Traveling on a B-24A Liberator bomber, the group toured the Cook Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Queensland, Brisbane—where General Douglas MacArthur told Cooper he was watching Sergeant York in a Manila theater when Japanese bombs began falling—New Guinea, Jayapura, and throughout the Solomon Islands. The group often shared the same sparse living conditions and K-rations as the troops. Cooper met with the servicemen and women, visited military hospitals, introduced his attractive colleagues, and participated in occasional skits. The shows concluded with Cooper's moving recitation of Lou Gehrig's farewell speech. When he returned to the United States, he visited military hospitals throughout the country. Cooper later called his time with the troops the \"greatest emotional experience\" of his life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.1930670738220215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Cooper" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "During this period, Cooper struggled with health problems. As well as his ongoing treatment for ulcers, he suffered a severe shoulder injury during the filming of Blowing Wild when he was hit by metal fragments from a dynamited oil well. During the filming of Vera Cruz, he reinjured his hip falling from a horse, and was burned when Lancaster fired his rifle too close and the wadding from the blank shell pierced his clothing. In 1955, he appeared in Otto Preminger's biographical war drama The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell, about the World War I general who tried to convince government officials of the importance of air power, and was court-martialed after blaming the War Department for a series of air disasters. Some critics felt that Cooper was miscast, and that his dull, tight-lipped performance did not reflect Mitchell's dynamic and caustic personality. In 1956, Cooper was more effective playing a gentle Indiana Quaker in William Wyler's Civil War drama Friendly Persuasion with Dorothy McGuire. Like Sergeant York and High Noon, the film addresses the conflict between religious pacifism and civic duty. For his performance, Cooper received his second Golden Globe nomination for Best Motion Picture Actor. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, was awarded the Palme d'Or at the 1957 Cannes Film Festival, and went on to earn $8 million worldwide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.272004127502441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Cooper" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "Cooper's style of underplaying before the camera surprised many of his directors and fellow actors. Even in his earliest feature films, he recognized the camera's ability to pick up slight gestures and facial movements. Commenting on Cooper's performance in Sergeant York, director Howard Hawks observed, \"He worked very hard and yet he didn't seem to be working. He was a strange actor because you'd look at him during a scene and you'd think ... this isn't going to be any good. But when you saw the rushes in the projection room the next day you could read in his face all the things he'd been thinking.\" Sam Wood, who directed Cooper in four films, had similar observations about Cooper's performance in Pride of the Yankees, noting, \"What I thought was underplaying turned out to be just the right approach. On the screen he's perfect, yet on the set you'd swear it's the worst job of acting in the history of motion pictures.\" His fellow actors also admired his abilities as an actor. Commenting on her two films playing opposite Cooper, actress Ingrid Bergman concluded, \"The personality of this man was so enormous, so overpowering—and that expression in his eyes and his face, it was so delicate and so underplayed. You just didn't notice it until you saw it on the screen. I thought he was marvelous; the most underplaying and the most natural actor I ever worked with.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.367024421691895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Cooper" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "* Sergeant York (1941)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.175840854644775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Cooper" }, { "answer": "Alvin York", "passage": "The second phase of the battle began on 4 October, during which time all of the original phase one assault divisions (the 91st, 79th, 37th and 35th) of the U.S. V Corps were replaced by the 32nd, 3rd and 1st Divisions. The 1st Division created a gap in the lines when it advanced one and a half miles against the 37th, 52nd, and 5th Guards Divisions. It was during this phase that the Lost Battalion affair occurred. The battalion was rescued due to an attack by the 28th and 82nd Divisions (the 82nd attacking soon after taking up its positions in the gap between the 28th and 1st Divisions) on October 7. The Americans launched a series of costly frontal assaults that finally broke through the main German defenses (the Kriemhilde Stellung of the Hindenburg Line) between 14–17 October (the Battle of Montfaucon ()). By the end of October, US troops had advanced ten miles and had finally cleared the Argonne Forest. On their left the French had advanced twenty miles, reaching the Aisne River. It was during the opening of this operation, on October 8, that Corporal (later Sergeant) Alvin York made his famous capture of 132 German prisoners near Cornay.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.610525131225586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meuse-Argonne Offensive" }, { "answer": "Alvin Cullum York", "passage": "Alvin Cullum York was born in a two-room log cabin near Pall Mall, Tennessee. He was the third of eleven children born to William Uriah York (15 May 1863 – 17 November 1911) and Mary Elizabeth (Brooks) York (1866-1943). William Uriah York was born in Jamestown, Tennessee, to Uriah York and Eliza Jane Livingston, both travelers from Buncombe County, North Carolina. Mary Elizabeth York was born in Pall Mall to William Brooks and Nancy Pile, and was the great-granddaughter of Conrad \"Coonrod\" Pile, an English settler who settled Pall Mall. William York and Mary Brooks married on December 25, 1881, and had eleven children. The York children were, in order: Henry Singleton, Joseph Marion, Alvin Cullum, Samuel John, Albert, Hattie, George Alexander, James Preston, Lillian Mae, Robert Daniel, and Lucy Erma. The York family is of mainly English ancestry, with Scots-Irish ancestry as well. [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~allyorks/yorind.htm York Indian Heritage] at ancestry.com The York family resided in the Indian Creek area of Fentress County. The family was impoverished, with William York working as a blacksmith to supplement the family income. The men of the York family harvested their own food, while the mother made all the family clothing. The York sons attended school for only nine months and withdrew from education because William York wanted his sons to help him work the family farm and hunt small game to feed the family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.901371955871582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Alvin York", "passage": "Despite his history of drinking and fighting, York attended church regularly and often led the hymn singing. A revival meeting at the end of 1914 led him to a conversion experience on January 1, 1915. His congregation was the Church of Christ in Christian Union, a Protestant denomination that shunned secular politics and disputes between Christian denominations. This church had no specific doctrine of pacificism but had been formed in reaction to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South's support for slavery, including armed conflict during the American Civil War, and opposed all forms of violence. In a lecture later in life, he reported his reaction to the outbreak of World War I: \"I was worried clean through. I didn't want to go and kill. I believed in my Bible.\"Capozzola, 2008, p. 67 On June 5, 1917, at the age of 29, Alvin York registered for the draft as all men between 21 and 31 years of age were required to do on that day. When he registered for the draft, he answered the question \"Do you claim exemption from draft (specify grounds)?\" by writing \"Yes. Don't Want To Fight.\"Capozzola, 2008, p. 68, includes a photograph of York's Registration Card from the National Archives When his initial claim for conscientious objector status was denied, he appealed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.848590850830078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "F40E10FC355415738DDDAA0894D1405B848AF1D3& Sergeant York, War Hero, Dies\", September 3, 1964], accessed September 20, 2010 He eventually received nearly 50 decorations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.802763938903809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sgt. York", "passage": "ChatelChéhéryFrance.JPG|Valley near Chatel Chéhéry, France, where Sgt. York fought.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.723373413085938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Alvin C. York", "passage": "Alvin C. York shows hill on which raid took place HD-SN-99-02157.JPEG|York at the hill where his actions earned him the Medal of Honor, three months after the end of World War I, February 7, 1919", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.252001762390137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Alvin C. York", "passage": "York refused many offers to profit from his fame, including thousands of dollars offered for appearances, product endorsements, newspaper articles, and movie rights to his life story. Instead, he lent his name to various charitable and civic causes. To support economic development, he campaigned for the Tennessee government to build a road to service his native region, succeeding when a highway through the mountains was completed in the mid-1920s and named Alvin C. York Highway. The Nashville Rotary organized the purchase, by public subscription, of a 400 acre farm, the one gift that York accepted. However, it was not the fully equipped farm he was promised, requiring York to borrow money to stock it. He subsequently lost money in the farming depression that followed the war. Then the Rotary was unable to continue the installment payments on the property, leaving York to pay them himself. In 1921, he had no option but to seek public help, resulting in an extended discussion of his finances in the press, some of it sharply critical. Debt in itself was a trial: \"I could get used to most any kind of hardship, but I'm not fitted for the hardship of owing money.\" Only an appeal to Rotary Clubs nationwide and an account of York's plight in the New York World brought in the required contributions by Christmas 1921. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.20763111114502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Alvin C. York", "passage": "In the 1920s, York formed the Alvin C. York Foundation with the mission of increasing education opportunities in his region of Tennessee. Board members included the area's congressman, Cordell Hull, who later became Secretary of State under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Secretary of the Treasury William G. McAdoo, and Tennessee Governor Albert Roberts. Plans called for a non-sectarian institution providing vocational training to be called the York Agricultural Institute. York concentrated on fund-raising, though he disappointed audiences who wanted to hear about the Argonne when he instead explained that \"I occupied one space in a fifty mile front. I saw so little it hardly seems worthwhile discussing it. I'm trying to forget the war in the interest of the mountain boys and girls that I grew up among.\" He fought first to win financial support from the state and county, then battled local leaders about the school's location. Refusing to compromise, he resigned and developed plans for a rival York Industrial School. After a series of lawsuits he gained control of the original institution and was its president when it opened in December 1929. As the Great Depression deepened, the state government failed to provide promised funds, and York mortgaged his farm to fund bus transportation for students. Even after he was ousted as president in 1936 by political and bureaucratic rivals, he continued to donate money. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.453714370727539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sgt. York", "passage": "During World War II, York attempted to re-enlist in the Army, however at fifty-four years of age, overweight, near-diabetic, and with evidence of arthritis, he was denied enlistment as a combat soldier. Instead, he was commissioned a major in the Army Signal Corps and he toured training camps and participated in bond drives in support of the war effort, usually paying his own travel expenses. Gen. Matthew Ridgway later recalled that York \"created in the minds of farm boys and clerks...the conviction that an aggressive soldier, well-trained and well-armed, can fight his way out of any situation.\" He also raised funds for war-related charities, including the Red Cross. He served on his county draft board, and when literacy requirements forced the rejection of large numbers of Fentress County men, he offered to lead a battalion of illiterates himself, saying they were \"crack shots.\" Although York served during the war with the honorary rank of Colonel in the Army Signal Corps and as a Colonel with the Seventh Infantry of the Tennessee State Guard, newspapers continued to refer to him as \"Sgt. York.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.159477233886719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "York cooperated with journalists in telling his life story twice in the 1920s. York allowed Nashville-born freelance journalist Sam Cowan to see his diary and submitted to interviews. The resulting 1922 biography focused on York's Appalachian background, describing his upbringing among the \"purest Anglo-Saxons to be found today\", emphasizing popular stereotypes without bringing the man to life. A few years later, York contacted a publisher about an edition of his war diary, but the publisher wanted additional material to flesh out the story. Then Tom Skeyhill, an Australian-born veteran of the Gallipoli campaign, visited York in Tennessee and the two became friends. On York's behalf, Skeyhill wrote an \"autobiography\" in the first person and was credited as the editor of Sergeant York: His Own Life Story and War Diary. With a preface by Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War in World War I, it presented a one-dimensional York supplemented with tales of life in the Tennessee mountains. Reviews noted that York only promoted his life story in the interest of funding educational programs: \"Perhaps York's bearing after his famous exploit in the Argonne best reveals his native greatness....He will not exploit himself except for his own people. All of which gives his book an appeal beyond its contents.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.452547073364258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Alvin C. York", "passage": "After York's death, his wife sold most of the York farm to the State of Tennessee. The farm is now open to visitors as the Sgt. Alvin C. York State Historic Park.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.189162254333496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Alvin York", "passage": "Seven public buildings have been named for Alvin York, including the Alvin C. York Veterans Hospital located in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The Alvin C. York Institute was founded in 1926 as a private agricultural high school by Alvin York and residents of Fentress County. Due to the depression in 1937 the school became public and continues to serve as Jamestown's high school.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.973860740661621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City was named for the Sergeant in 1928. In the 1980s, the United States Army named its DIVAD weapon system \"Sergeant York\"; the project was canceled because of technical problems and massive cost overruns. Laura Cantrell's song \"Old Downtown\" talks about York in depth. The riderless horse in the funeral procession of President Ronald Reagan was named Sergeant York. The 82nd Airborne Division's movie theater at Fort Bragg, North Carolina is named York Theater. The traveling American football trophy between UT Martin, Austin Peay, Tennessee State, and Tennessee Tech is called the Alvin C. York trophy. A monumental statue of York by sculptor Felix de Weldon was placed on the grounds of the Tennessee State Capitol in 1968. The U.S. Army ROTC program has a ribbon award for its cadets that is named after York. A memorial to graduates of the East Tennessee State University ROTC program who have given their lives for their country carries a quotation from York. The Third Regiment of the Tennessee State Guard is named for York. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.044541358947754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "In October 2006, US Army Colonel Douglas Mastriano, head of the Sergeant York Discovery Expedition (SYDE), conducted research to locate the York battle site. After forensic ballistic analysis verified that the rifle and pistol cartridges that his team recovered matched York's weapons, French and American government officials determined that Mastriano had pinpointed the location of York's exploits, and the finds largely corroborated the official version and dispelled the controversy surrounding York's Medal of Honor action. Dr. Tom Nolan, head of the Sergeant York Project and a geographer at the R.O. Fullerton Laboratory for Spatial Technology at Middle Tennessee State University, had earlier placed the site 500 meters south of the location identified by Mastriano. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.030000686645508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" }, { "answer": "Sergeant York", "passage": "With the support and endorsement of the French government, two monuments and a historic trail were built on the site identified by Mastriano. There are battlefield guides available at the Sergeant York Historic Trail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.026603698730469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alvin York" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "Denver Dell Pyle (May 11, 1920 – December 25, 1997) was an American film and television actor. He was known for portraying Briscoe Darling, Jr. in several episodes of The Andy Griffith Show, and playing Jesse Duke in The Dukes of Hazzard from 1979 to 1985.", "precise_score": 5.586796760559082, "rough_score": 6.95068359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Denver Pyle" }, { "answer": "Uncle Jesse Duke", "passage": "Pyle's best-known and longest-running television role was that of Uncle Jesse Duke in the CBS series The Dukes of Hazzard (1979–1985) (146 episodes).", "precise_score": 4.772436141967773, "rough_score": 4.358711242675781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Denver Pyle" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "In his later life, Pyle played mostly cameo television roles and retired from full-time acting. His last cinematic movie role was alongside Mel Gibson, Jodie Foster, and James Garner in the 1994 film Maverick, in which he portrayed a cheating cardplayer who jumps off a riverboat to keep his dignity. His last known acting role was a reprisal of Jesse Duke in the 1997 CBS made-for-TV movie The Dukes of Hazzard: Reunion!", "precise_score": 1.541902780532837, "rough_score": 2.7893097400665283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Denver Pyle" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "The Dukes of Hazzard is an American television series that aired on the CBS television network from January 26, 1979 to February 8, 1985. The series was inspired by the 1975 film Moonrunners, which was also created by Gy Waldron and had many identical or similar character names and concepts.", "precise_score": 0.28896045684814453, "rough_score": -3.3918771743774414, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "The Dukes of Hazzard follows the adventures of \"The Duke Boys,\" cousins Bo Duke (John Schneider) and Luke Duke (including Coy and Vance Duke for most of season 5) (Tom Wopat), who live on a family farm in fictional Hazzard County, Georgia, with their attractive female cousin Daisy (Catherine Bach) and their wise old Uncle Jesse (Denver Pyle). The Duke boys race around in their customized 1969 Dodge Charger stock car, dubbed (The) General Lee, evading crooked and corrupt county commissioner Boss Hogg (Sorrell Booke) and his bumbling and corrupt Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) along with his deputy(s), and always managing to get caught in the middle of the various escapades and incidents that often occur in the area. Bo and Luke had previously been sentenced to probation for illegal transportation of moonshine; their Uncle Jesse made a plea bargain with the U.S. Government to refrain from distilling moonshine in exchange. As a result, Bo and Luke are on probation and not allowed to carry firearms — instead, they often use compound bows, sometimes with arrows tipped with dynamite — or to leave Hazzard County unless they get probation permission from their probation officer which is Boss Hogg, although the exact details of their probation terms vary from episode to episode. Sometimes it is implied that they would be jailed for merely crossing the county line; on other occasions, it is shown that they may leave Hazzard, as long as they are back within a certain time limit. Several other technicalities of their probation also came into play at various times.", "precise_score": 3.462480068206787, "rough_score": 1.3126176595687866, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "By the end of the first (half) season, the family-friendly tone of The Dukes of Hazzard was mostly in place. When the show returned for a second season in Fall 1979 (its first full season), with a few further minor tweaks, the show quickly found its footing as a family-friendly comedy-adventure series. By the third season, starting in Fall 1980, the template was well set in place for that which would be widely associated with the show.", "precise_score": -2.4683287143707275, "rough_score": -5.264205455780029, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "As well as its regular car chases, jumps and stunts, The Dukes of Hazzard relied on character familiarity, with each character effectively serving the same role within a typical episode, and with Deputy Cletus replacing Deputy Enos in Seasons 3 and 4, and Coy and Vance Duke temporarily replacing Bo and Luke (due to a salary dispute) for most of Season 5, being the only major cast changes through the show's run (Ben Jones and James Best both left temporarily during the second season due to different disputes with producers, but both returned within a few episodes). Of the characters, only Uncle Jesse and Boss Hogg appeared in all 145 episodes; Daisy appears in all but one, the third season's \"To Catch a Duke\". The General Lee also appears in all but one (the early first season episode \"Mary Kaye's Baby\", the fourth to be produced and the third broadcast).", "precise_score": 0.09965774416923523, "rough_score": -4.537528038024902, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Jesse Duke", "passage": "* Jesse Duke (Denver Pyle), referred to by just about everyone in Hazzard other than Boss Hogg as \"Uncle Jesse\", is the patriarch of the Duke clan, and the father-figure to all Dukes who stayed with him on the somewhat dilapidated \"Duke Farm.\" Jesse apparently had no children of his own, and happily provided for his nephews and niece in the unexplained absence of all of their parents (Gy Waldron, the creator of the show, states on the DVDs that their parents were killed in a car wreck, but it was never mentioned in the show). In the third broadcast episode, \"Mary Kaye's Baby\", Jesse says that he has delivered many babies, including Bo and Luke. Jesse Duke, in his youth, had been a ridge-runner in direct competition with Boss Hogg. However, while both Boss Hogg and Uncle Jesse would scowl at the mention of the other's name, the two enjoyed a lifelong \"friendship\" of sorts, with one helping the other when in desperate need. Jesse educated his nephews against Hogg, and often provided the cousins with inspirational sage advice. Uncle Jesse drove a white 1973 Ford F-100 pickup truck. In the barn, he also had his old moonshine-running car, called \"Sweet Tillie\" in its first appearance (in the first season episode \"High Octane\"), but referred to as \"Black Tillie\" in subsequent appearances. In the second season episode \"Follow That Still\" and the sixth season episode \"The Boars Nest Bears\", the marriage to and death of his wife is mentioned; he also mentions marrying her in the first season episode \"Luke's Love Story\". His CB handle was \"Shepherd.\"", "precise_score": 7.059928894042969, "rough_score": 6.951361179351807, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Coy Duke", "passage": "* Coy Duke (Byron Cherry) (1982–1983), is another blond-haired cousin who moved to Uncle Jesse's farm along with his cousin Vance after Bo and Luke left Hazzard to join the NASCAR circuit in season 5. Like his cousin Bo, he often drove the General Lee and was a bit more wild than Vance and chased women; he and Vance were only in the first 19 episodes of season 5 and Coy and Vance were in only one episode with their cousins Bo and Luke when they returned from the NASCAR Circuit. Supposedly, with cousin Vance, Coy had previously lived on the Duke farm until 1976, before the series had started.", "precise_score": -2.181842803955078, "rough_score": -4.926365852355957, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "*The Dukes of Hazzard: Reunion! (1997)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.380771636962891, "source": "wiki", "title": "Denver Pyle" }, { "answer": "Deputy Cletus", "passage": "The other main characters of the show include local mechanic Cooter Davenport (Ben Jones), who in early episodes was portrayed as a wild, unshaven rebel, often breaking or treading on the edge of the law, before settling down to become the Duke family's best friend (he is often referred to as an \"honorary Duke\") and owns the local garage; and Enos Strate (Sonny Shroyer), an honest but naive young deputy who, despite his friendship with the Dukes (and his crush on Daisy), is reluctantly forced to take part in Hogg and Rosco's crooked schemes. In the third and fourth seasons, when Enos leaves for his own show, he is replaced by Boss' cousin Deputy Cletus Hogg (Rick Hurst), Boss's cousin, who is slightly more wily than Enos but still a somewhat reluctant player in Hogg's plots.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.859274387359619, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "In 1977, Waldron was approached by Warner Bros. with the idea of developing Moonrunners into a television series. Waldron reworked various elements from Moonrunners, and from it was devised what would become The Dukes of Hazzard. Production began in October 1978 with the original intention of only nine episodes being produced as mid-season filler. The first five episodes were filmed in Covington and Conyers, Georgia and surrounding areas, including some location work in nearby Atlanta. Although most of the familiar Dukes elements are present in these initial early episodes, the first season especially first five stories feature a noticeably different tone from the rest of the series, including some more adult-oriented humor, with some raunchier elements and coarser language; several of the characters, noticeably those of Rosco (who shot a criminal in an early episode) and Cooter, are also given different interpretation to their more recognized roles. After completing production on the fifth episode, \"High Octane\", the cast and crew broke for Christmas break, expecting to return in several weeks' time to complete the ordered run of episodes. In the meantime, executives at Warner Bros. were impressed by the rough preview cuts of the completed episodes and saw potential in developing the show into a full-running series; part of this plan was to move production from Georgia to the Warner Bros. lot in Burbank, California, primarily to simplify production as well as develop a larger workshop to service the large number of automobiles needed for the series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.727138519287109, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "* Lucas K. \"Luke\" Duke (Tom Wopat) is the dark-haired, older Duke boy. More mature and rational than his cousin Bo, he is typically the one who thinks of the plan that will get the two out of whatever trouble they have gotten into. Luke wears a checked blue shirt (a plain blue shirt in most, though not all, second season episodes) and a denim jacket over it in first season and a few later second season episodes and he also wears Dark Blue jeans with a belt with a fish belt buckle with black boots and later brown boots and a few other checker and plaid shirts in later episodes and seasons of the show. He is a veteran of the United States Marine Corps and a former boxer. Luke was the first Duke to perform the \"hood slide\" across The General Lee, which is seen in the opening credits of the show (a shot taken from the second episode, \"Daisy's Song\") and later told by Tom Wopat to be an accident, because his foot got caught on the side of the General Lee when he attempted to jump across the hood; he also caught his thigh on the hood's radio antenna, cutting himself, resulting in such antennas being removed from later versions of the General Lee which those later versions looked similar to the ones in The Dukes of Hazzard film. However, the \"hood slide\" quickly proved popular and became a regular staple of episodes. The only episode to directly reference the age difference between Luke and Bo is in the seventh season opener, the \"flashback\" episode \"Happy Birthday, General Lee,\" where it is stated that Luke had already been in the Marines while Bo was in his last year at high school. Though Bo and Luke share the CB call sign \"Lost Sheep,\" in Season One episode \"Money to Burn,\" Luke referred to himself (singularly) as \"Sittin' Duck.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.271499633789062, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Lulu Coltrane Hogg", "passage": "* Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) (1979–1985, 1997, 2000) is the bumbling and corrupt sheriff of Hazzard County and right-hand man and brother-in-law of its corrupt county administrator, Jefferson Davis \"J.D.\" Hogg (\"Boss Hogg\"), whom Rosco called his \"little fat buddy\", \"Little Chrome Dome\", \"Little Meadow-Muffin\", and several other names. In the early episodes, it was mentioned that Rosco spent the first 20 years of his career as a mostly honest lawman, but after the county voted away his pension Rosco joined Hogg in an effort to fund his retirement in his last couple of years as sheriff. Early episodes also portrayed him as a fairly hard-nosed, somewhat darker policeman character, who even shot a criminal during the first season. As the series progressed and producers recognized how popular it had become with children, James Best altered his portrayal into a more bumbling, comical character. By the end of the first season, his origin had been virtually forgotten (and his job as sheriff appeared to become open ended). Rosco is also the younger brother of Lulu Coltrane Hogg (Boss Hogg's wife). Rosco frequently initiated car chases with Bo and Luke Duke, but the Duke boys usually eluded Rosco by outwitting him, with Rosco typically wrecking his patrol car as a result from which he would nearly always escape unscathed. (Only two episodes — the fourth season's \"Coltrane vs. Duke\" and season six's \"Too Many Roscos\" — toy with the concept of him being injured. The first episode had him faking injury so the Duke Boys would lose the General Lee while the latter had James Best playing two characters. His normal character, Rosco, was presumed drowned while a criminal that looked like Rosco had a headache.) These chases were often the result of Rosco setting up illegal speed traps such as a false or changing speed limit signs and various other trickery, which would evolve into being increasingly more cartoonish and far-fetched as the seasons passed. While he enjoyed \"hot pursuit\" he seemingly (Boss Hogg as well) never intended for anyone to get seriously hurt. His middle initial, 'P', was added at the start of the second season, and only one episode (the third season's \"Mrs. Rosco P. Coltrane\", in which he is subjected to a scam marriage) revealed his middle name, \"Purvis\". Rosco also had a soft spot for his basset hound Flash, introduced at the start of the third season. His radio codename was \"Red Dog\". When James Best briefly boycotted the show during the mid-second season, he was temporarily replaced by several \"one-off\" Sheriffs, the longest standing being Sheriff Grady Bird, played by Dick Sargent, who appeared in two episodes (\"Jude Emery\" and \"Officer Daisy Duke\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.572524547576904, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Cooter Davenport", "passage": "* Cooter Davenport (Ben Jones) is the Hazzard County mechanic, nicknamed \"Crazy Cooter\". In the early episodes, he was a wild man, often breaking the law (such as stealing the Sheriff's patrol car for impounding his in \"One Armed Bandits\", reportedly borrowing Luke's car prior to the same episode and using it to \"run the sheriff off the road to make him mad\" to facilitate the aforementioned theft of the sheriff's car, running moonshine for Boss Hogg in \"Mary Kaye's Baby\", seemingly breaking into Boss Hogg's home to retrieve a trophy for an upcoming race in \"Luke's Love Story\", and \"borrowing\" the President's Limousine for a joy-ride (\"Limo One Is Missing\") when it was accidentally left unguarded. By the end of the first season, he had settled down and become an easy going good ol' boy. Although not mentioned in the first couple of episodes, by the mid-first season, he owned \"Cooter's Garage\" in Hazzard County Square, directly across from the Sheriff's Department. Cooter was an \"Honorary Duke\", as he shared the same values and often assisted the Dukes in escaping Rosco's clutches, or helped them to foil Boss Hogg's schemes. During the second season, Ben Jones left the series for a few episodes due to a dispute over whether the character should be clean shaven or have a full beard. In his absence, Cooter's place was filled by several of Cooter's supposed cousins who were never mentioned before or since. Jones returned when the dispute was solved — Cooter would be clean shaven (although, for continuity reasons, with the episodes being broadcast in a different order to that which they were filmed, he was not clean shaven until the third season onwards). Cooter drove a variety of trucks, including Fords, Chevys, and GMCs. His CB handle was \"Crazy Cooter\" and he often started his CB transmissions with \"Breaker one, Breaker one, I might be crazy but I ain't dumb, Craaaazy Cooter comin' atcha, come on.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.033411026000977, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Deputy Enos Strate", "passage": "* Deputy Enos Strate (Sonny Shroyer) (1979–1980, 1982–1985, 1997, 2000) is a friend of the Dukes, but, while working for Rosco and Boss was often forced into pursuing the Dukes and/or arresting them on trumped-up charges. In the early episodes, Enos was shown to be a rather good driver (and respected as such by Bo and Luke), but by the end of the first season, he was shown to be as incompetent a driver as Rosco. When he returned from his stint in Los Angeles, he seemed to be able to stand up to Boss and Rosco slightly more, and sometimes refused to participate in their schemes. In the early episodes, Rosco frequently called him \"jackass\", which soon evolved into the more family-friendly \"dipstick\" as the show became a hit with younger viewers (though Boss Hogg, who would also use the term \"jackass\" of Sheriff Rosco, would occasionally return to calling Enos this in later seasons). Enos had a crush on Daisy Duke that she often used to the Dukes' advantage in unraveling Hogg and Rosco's schemes. Enos is very much in love with Daisy, and although Daisy seems to love him back, it is supposedly only as a close friend. In the penultimate episode, \"Enos and Daisy's Wedding\", the two plan on getting married, only to have Enos call it off at the last minute due to an attack of hives, brought on by the excitement of possibly being married to Daisy. Later, in the first reunion movie, Enos and Daisy become a pair again and plan to get married, but this time Daisy backs out at the last minute, upon the unexpected sight of her ex-husband.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.565759658813477, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Deputy Cletus", "passage": "* Deputy Cletus Hogg (Rick Hurst) (1979–1982, 1997, 2000), Boss Hogg's second cousin twice removed, is generally friendly and dim-witted. Like Enos, Cletus would often be forced by Rosco and Hogg to chase the Dukes on trumped up charges. While Cletus was good-hearted, and sometimes resentful of having to treat the Dukes in such a way, he was somewhat more willing to go along with Hogg and Rosco than Enos. Cletus had a crush (though not as bad as Enos' crush) on Daisy and was even convinced she wanted to marry him. Like Enos and Rosco, Cletus frequently ended up landing in a pond when pursuing the Duke boys in a car chase. Cletus made his first appearance as the driver of a bank truck, part of Hogg's latest get-rich-scheme, in the first season episode \"Money To Burn\", and became temporary deputy while Enos was away in the second season episodes \"The Meeting\" and \"Road Pirates\". Leaving a job at the local junkyard, he became permanent deputy in the third season's \"Enos Strate to the Top\". After Enos' return, the pair both served as deputies and shared the same patrol car until 1997's reunion movie. Each of the Hazzard County Sheriff's Department officers drove various mid- to late-1970s Chrysler mid-size B body patrol cars, most often a Dodge Monaco or Plymouth Fury.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.969661712646484, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Vance Duke", "passage": "* Vance Duke (Christopher Mayer) (1982–1983), an obvious replacement for Luke, filled the void of a dark-haired Duke on the show. Like Luke, Vance was more the thinker and the planner of the duo along with being more mature than Coy and he was also a former Merchant Marine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.487553596496582, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "* The Balladeer (voice of Waylon Jennings) sang and played the Dukes of Hazzard theme song, \"Good Ol' Boys\", and also served as the show's narrator. During each episode, he provided an omniscient viewpoint of the situations presented, and regularly interjected comical asides during crucial plot points (often, during a freeze frame of a cliffhanger scene right before a commercial break) and \"down home\" aphorisms. (These freeze-frame cliffhangers were often abridged in showings in some countries, such as the commercial-free BBC in the United Kingdom.) After numerous requests from fans to see the Balladeer on-screen, Jennings finally appeared in one episode, the seventh season's aptly titled \"Welcome, Waylon Jennings\", in which he was presented as an old friend of the Dukes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.927679061889648, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Enos Strate", "passage": "* Flash (Sandy and others) is a slow-paced Basset Hound and Rosco's loyal companion, who hated Hogg but loved the Dukes. She first appeared in the first official third season episode \"Enos Strate to the Top\" (season opener \"Carnival of Thrills was held over from the previous season), although was not formally \"introduced\" in that episode. Initially referred to as a boy, Flash was later regularly a girl (despite an occasional male reference afterwards). Flash was added at the start of the third season, after James Best suggested to the producers that Rosco have a dog. Rosco doted on Flash, often calling her \"Velvet Ears.\" Flash was portrayed by several Basset Hounds (distinguishable by different facial colors), the most regular being \"Sandy\". James Best bought a share of Sandy, who was rescued from an animal shelter and was trained by Alvin Mears of Alvin Animal Rentals. Sandy lived to age 14. A stuffed dog named Flush was used for dangerous work. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.344769477844238, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "Throughout its network television run, The Dukes of Hazzard had a consistent mix of up-and-comers and established stars make guest appearances.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.702112674713135, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "The Dukes of Hazzard was consistently among the top-rated television series (at one point, ranking second only to Dallas, which immediately followed the show on CBS' Friday night schedule). With that success came huge profits in merchandising, with a wide array of Dukes of Hazzard toys and products being licensed and becoming big sellers. However, over the course of the show's fourth season, series stars Tom Wopat and John Schneider became increasingly concerned about a contract dispute over their salaries and merchandising royalties owed to them over the high sales of Dukes products. Neither were being paid what was owed to them and this became very frustrating to the duo. As a result, in the spring of 1982, as filming was due to begin on the fifth season, Wopat and Schneider did not report to the set in protest over the matter. Catherine Bach also considered walking out due to similar concerns, but Wopat and Schneider convinced her to stay, insisting that if she left then there may not be a show to come back to, and that settling the issue was up to them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.919943809509277, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Coy Duke", "passage": "Production was pushed back by a few weeks as fairly similar looking replacements were subsequently, hastily hired: Byron Cherry as Coy Duke and Christopher Mayer as Vance Duke. Bo and Luke were said to have gone to race on the NASCAR circuit; how they managed to do this, bearing in mind the terms of their probation, was never mentioned. Cherry and Mayer were originally contracted at just ten episodes as stand-ins, still with hope that a settlement might be reached with Wopat and Schneider (in total, they made 19 episodes including 1 with Bo and Luke). Some scripts for Coy and Vance were originally written for Bo and Luke but with their names quite literally crossed out and Coy and Vance penned in. The new Dukes — previously-unmentioned nephews of Uncle Jesse, who were said to have left the farm in 1976, before the show had started — were unpopular with the great majority of viewers, and the ratings immediately sank. Much of the criticism was that Coy and Vance were nothing but direct clones of Bo and Luke, with Coy a direct \"carbon copy\" replacement for Bo and Vance for Luke, with little variation in character. This was something that even show creator Gy Waldron has said was wrong, and that he insisted, unsuccessfully, that audiences would not accept direct character clones and the two replacements should be taken in a different direction characterwise, but was overridden by producers. Waldron also commented that if Bach too had walked, the show would have most probably been cancelled. It was reported that prior to filming, Cherry and Mayer were given Bo and Luke episodes to watch, to study and learn to emulate them, although Cherry has said in interviews that he doesn't recall this ever happening.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.998396873474121, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "While the return of Bo and Luke was welcomed by ardent and casual viewers alike, and as a result ratings recovered slightly, the show never completely regained its former popularity. One of Wopat and Schneider's disputes even before they left was what they considered to be increasingly weak and formulaic scripts and episode plots. With Wopat and Schneider's return, the producers agreed to try a wider scope of storylines. However, although it continued for two more seasons, the show never fully returned to its former glory. As well as what was widely recognized to be increasingly inferior scripts, many fans and cast members decried the miniature car effects newly incorporated to depict increasingly absurd General Lee and patrol car stunts (which had previously been performed with real cars by stunt drivers). The miniature car effects were intended as a budget saving measure (to save the cost of repairing or replacing damaged vehicles) and to help compete visually with KITT from the NBC series Knight Rider. Finally, at the end of its seventh season, in early February 1985, The Dukes of Hazzard quietly ended its run.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.721710205078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Jesse Duke", "passage": "Dixie was the name given to Daisy Duke's white 1980 Jeep CJ-7 \"Golden Eagle\" which had a golden eagle emblem on the hood and the name \"Dixie\" on the sides. Like other vehicles in the show, there was actually more than one Jeep used throughout the series. Sometimes it would have an automatic transmission, and other times it would be a manual. The design of the roll cage also varied across the seasons. When the Jeep was introduced at the end of the second season's \"The Runaway\", it was seen to have doors and a slightly different paint job, but, bar one appearance in the next produced episode, \"Arrest Jesse Duke\" (actually broadcast before \"The Runaway\", causing a continuity error), thereafter the doors were removed and the paint job was made all-white, with \"Dixie\" painted on the sides of the hood. These Jeeps were leased to the producers of the show by American Motors Corporation in exchange for a brief mention in the closing credits of the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.57193374633789, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "Artifacts from the show are on display in Sperryville, Virginia, Nashville, Tennessee and in Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Cooter's Place in Sperryville is overseen by Ben \"Cooter\" Jones from the series. The Gatlinburg location features a gift shop, Dukes of Hazzard-themed indoor mini golf and go-cart track, with a small display of costumes, collectables and artifacts from the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.809483528137207, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "Covington and Conyers, Georgia; where the original five episodes were produced, have been two major tourist attractions for Dukes of Hazzard fans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.030218124389648, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "* Until TNN (The Nashville Network) was purchased by Viacom, it aired reruns of The Dukes of Hazzard. Some months after the creation of \"The National Network\" (shortly before its change to \"Spike TV\"), the program was absent from much of television for quite some time. Viacom's country music-themed cable network CMT (the former sister network to TNN) aired the show from 2005 to 2007 at 8:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. eastern time every weekday. CMT began airing the series in late February 2005. It also aired Monday–Thursday on ABC Family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.95697546005249, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "* CMT began to re-air The Dukes of Hazzard reruns, in high-definition, on January 5, 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.553240776062012, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "* TV Land began to air The Dukes of Hazzard reruns on June 10, 2015, but removed them just three weeks later as a response to the Charleston church shooting and the ensuing debate over the modern display of the Confederate flag. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.405630111694336, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "Soon before the series ended its original run on CBS, The Dukes of Hazzard went into off-network syndication. Although not as widely run as it was back in the 1980s and the years since, reruns of the program do continue to air in various parts of the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.024514675140381, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "The Nashville Network bought The Dukes of Hazzard from Warner Bros. in 1997 for well over $10 million; not only did it improve the network's ratings, the show was also popular among younger viewers, a demographic TNN had a notorious difficulty in drawing; The Dukes of Hazzard has run either on TNN or sister network CMT ever since. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.058051586151123, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "*Another show was heavily inspired by Dukes of Hazzard, the Trollkins although elements such as settings where changed, considerably. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.575742721557617, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "** The Dukes of Hazzard for ColecoVision using Expansion Module #2 (1984)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.472321033477783, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "** The Dukes of Hazzard for the Sinclair Spectrum (1985)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.588537693023682, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "** The Dukes of Hazzard (unreleased Atari 2600 prototype by Coleco)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.650424003601074, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "** The Dukes of Hazzard: Racing for Home (1999)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.477715015411377, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "** The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out (2000)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.95621919631958, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "** The Dukes of Hazzard: Return of the General Lee (2004)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.220836162567139, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "** Stuntman Ignition (2007) (Fictional Film/Level) 'A Whoopin' and a Hollerin' II' is a stunt based parody of The Dukes of Hazzard films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.665919303894043, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "There were two made-for-TV reunion movies that aired on CBS, The Dukes of Hazzard: Reunion! (1997) and The Dukes of Hazzard: Hazzard in Hollywood! (2000). Also made were The Dukes of Hazzard in 2005 and a direct-to-video prequel The Dukes of Hazzard: The Beginning in 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8844733238220215, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "answer": "Dukes of hazzard", "passage": "Warner Home Video has released all seven seasons of The Dukes of Hazzard on DVD in regions 1 and 2. The two TV-movies that followed the series were released on DVD in Region 1 on June 10, 2008 and in Region 4 on June 4, 2014. In Region 4, Warner has released only the first six seasons on DVD and the two TV movies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.676326751708984, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" } ]

[ { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "The white horse whom the Lone Ranger rode most often responded to the name of Silver.", "precise_score": 7.696974754333496, "rough_score": 8.953825950622559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "According to the episode \"The Legend of Silver\" (September 30, 1938), before acquiring Silver, the Lone Ranger rode a chestnut mare called Dusty. The Lone Ranger saves Silver's life from an enraged buffalo and, in gratitude, Silver chooses to give up his wild life to carry him.", "precise_score": 6.630488872528076, "rough_score": 4.018960475921631, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "The origin of Tonto's horse, Scout, is less clear. For a long time, Tonto rides a white horse called White Feller. In \"Four Day Ride\" (August 5, 1938), Tonto is given a paint horse by his friend Chief Thundercloud, who then takes White Feller. Tonto rides this horse and refers to him simply as \"Paint Horse\" for several episodes. The horse is finally named Scout in \"Border Dope Smuggling\" (September 2, 1938). In another episode, however, the Lone Ranger, in a surge of conscience, releases Silver back to the wild. The episode ends with Silver returning, bringing along a companion who becomes Tonto's horse Scout.", "precise_score": 5.708024501800537, "rough_score": 4.942452430725098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "A fiery horse with the speed of light, a cloud of dust and a hearty Hi-Yo Silver! The Lone Ranger! ... With his faithful Indian companion Tonto, the daring and resourceful masked rider of the plains led the fight for law and order in the early western United States! Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice! Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear! From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver! The Lone Ranger rides again!", "precise_score": 6.419105529785156, "rough_score": 6.956860065460205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "* The Lone Ranger and his Horse Silver (1935)", "precise_score": 5.226195335388184, "rough_score": 7.515865325927734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "Tonto got his own spin-off title in 1951, which lasted 31 issues. Such was the Ranger's popularity at the time that even his horse Silver had a comic book, The Lone Ranger's Famous Horse Hi-Yo Silver, starting in 1952 and running 34 issues; writer Gaylord DuBois wrote and developed Silver as a hero in his own right. In addition, Dell also published three big Lone Ranger annuals, as well as an adaptation of the 1956 theatrical film.", "precise_score": 4.214181423187256, "rough_score": 4.692469120025635, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "He first appeared in 1933 in a radio show conceived either by WXYZ (Detroit) radio station owner George W. Trendle, or by Fran Striker, the show's writer. The character was originally believed to be inspired by Texas Ranger Captain John R. Hughes, to whom the book The Lone Star Ranger by Zane Grey was dedicated in 1915. The radio series proved to be a hit and spawned a series of books (largely written by Striker), an equally popular television show that ran from 1949 to 1957, comic books, and several movies. The title character was played on the radio show by George Seaton, Earle Graser, and Brace Beemer. Clayton Moore acted the Lone Ranger on television, although during a contract dispute, Moore was replaced temporarily by John Hart, who wore a different style of mask. On the radio, Tonto was played by, among others, John Todd and Roland Parker; and in the television series, by Jay Silverheels, who was a Mohawk from the Six Nations Indian Reserve in Ontario, Canada.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.325181007385254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "As generally depicted, the Lone Ranger conducts himself by a strict moral code based on that put in place by Striker at the inception of the character. Actors Clayton Moore and Jay Silverheels both took their positions as role models to children very seriously and tried their best to live by this creed. It read:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.018209457397461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "* He rarely referred to himself as the Lone Ranger. If someone's suspicion were aroused, the Lone Ranger would present one of his silver bullets to confirm his identity; but many times someone else would attest on his behalf. The origin of this name was, following the Bryant's Gap ambush, Tonto observed him to be the only ranger left—the \"lone ranger\"; Tonto's choice of words inspired him to call himself \"The Lone Ranger\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.032032109797000885, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "The role of silver", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322758674621582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "In some sources, the Lone Ranger was described as not needing to work due to his ownership of the claim to the Lone Star Silver Mine, presumably located somewhere in Texas. This provided the material for the silver bullets with which he loaded his pistols, any one of which he would leave behind or present as his \"calling card\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8557615280151367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "The Lone Ranger's employment of silver in his bullets served as a symbol and reminder of how precious he considered life, especially seeing as he had almost lost his own in the Bryant's Gap massacre whose sole survivor he had ended up being.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.029573917388916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "In an echo of the Lone Ranger's line, Tonto frequently says, \"Git-um up, Scout!\" (The phrase became so well embedded in the Lone Ranger mythos that International Harvester used it as an advertising line to promote their Scout utility vehicle in the 1970s.) In the Format Films animated cartoon which ran from 1966 to 1968, Tonto also had an eagle he called Taka, and installments that focused exclusively on him or had him team up with the Lone Ranger ended with his saying, \"Fly, Taka! On, Scout!\" (Those where he teamed with the Lone Ranger had the Ranger following this up with the customary \"Hi-yo, Silver! Away!\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8865771293640137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "In the early days of the western United States, a masked man and an Indian rode the plains, searching for truth and justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear, when from out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver! The Lone Ranger rides again!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5505383014678955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "By the time it was on ABC at 7:30 pm Eastern Time, the introduction, voiced by Fred Foy, had become \"Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear\", followed by, \"From out of the west with the speed of light and a hearty hi-yo Silver.\" The intro was later changed to:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268184661865234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "Followed by Brace Beemer's voice: \"Come on, Silver! Let's go, big fellow! Hi-yo Silver! Away!\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33041000366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "* Earle Graser (May 16, 1933 – April 7, 1941). On April 8, Graser died in a car accident; and, for five episodes, the Lone Ranger was unable to speak beyond a whisper, with Tonto carrying the action. In addition, six episodes broadcast in August 1938 did not include the Lone Ranger's voice other than an occasional \"Hi-Yo Silver!\" in the background. In those episodes, Tonto carried the dialog;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.664209842681885, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "The Lone Ranger was a TV show that aired for eight seasons, from 1949 to 1957, and starred Clayton Moore as the Lone Ranger and Jay Silverheels as Tonto. Only five of the eight seasons had new episodes. It was the ABC television network's first big hit of the early 1950s. Moore's tenure as the Ranger is probably the best-known treatment of the franchise. Moore was replaced in the third season by John Hart, but he returned for the final two seasons. The fifth and final season was the only one shot in color. A total of 221 episodes were made.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.945610284805298, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "Hi-Yo Silver!, Kemo Sabe, and other cultural tropes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407495498657227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "At the beginning of each episode, the magnificent white stallion, Silver, would rear up with the Lone Ranger on his back, then they would dash off, the Ranger encouragingly shouting, \"Hi-Yo, Silver!\" Tonto could occasionally be heard to urge on his mount by calling out, \"Get 'em up, Scout!\" At the end of each episode, mission completed, one of the characters would always ask the sheriff or other authority, \"Who was that masked man?\" When it was explained, \"Oh, he's the Lone Ranger!\", the Ranger and Tonto would be seen galloping off with the cry, \"Hi-Yo, Silver! Away!\" catching the attention of one of the townspeople crossing the street.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.274322509765625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "Tonto usually referred to the Lone Ranger as \"Kemo sabe\", described as meaning either \"faithful friend,\" or \"trusty scout\". It is more likely the word derives from the Anishnaabe language. Gimoozaabi is said to mean \"he looks out in secret.\" These catchphrases, the Ranger's trademark silver bullets, and the theme music from the William Tell Overture have become tropes of popular culture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1704609394073486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "*The Lone Ranger and the Silver Bullet (1948)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.04174402356147766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "* The Lone Ranger and the Silver Bullets (1946)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8196394443511963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "In 2001, GoodTimes Home Video released a videotape called The Lone Ranger: The Lost Episodes. Along with clips from the first 1930s film serial, trailers for the two post-TV series features, commercials with Moore, and sometimes Silverheels, in character, and two complete television episodes, there was a cartoon short, said to date from the late 1930s. This cartoon was produced by Pathegrams on 16mm film and sold to the home market and libraries, which often showed cartoons as a prelude to the feature films they would play for children, much as they do videos now. It was a silent film, like most films produced for the home market in those days, and had dialog written on title cards, just as films of the silent era. The DVD also has the approximately eight-minute-long documentary, \"The Lone Ranger and the Peace Patrol\". Presented and narrated by Clayton Moore, it revolves around purchasing U.S. Savings Stamps, a child's version of Savings Bonds. The main focus is to get children to invest in the stamps. The narrated segment culminates with the inaugural ceremonies on the grounds of the Washington Memorial before a crowd of thousands of children and their parents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.653412342071533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "The Lone Ranger program offered many radio premiums, including the Lone Ranger Six-Shooter Ring and the Lone Ranger Deputy Badge. Some used a silver bullet motif. One ring had a miniature of one of his six-guns atop it, with a flint and striking wheel, as used in cigarette lighters, so that \"fanning\" the miniature pistol would produce a shower of sparks. During World War II, the premiums adapted to the times. In 1942, the program offered the Kix Blackout Kit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8931188583374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "Some premiums were rather anachronistic for a 19th-century hero. In 1947, the program offered the Kix Atomic Bomb Ring, also known to collectors as the Lone Ranger Atom Bomb Ring. This ring was a miniature spinthariscope that actually had a small amount of radioisotope in it to produce the scintillations caused by nuclear reactions. With its tailfin piece removed, though, the \"bomb\" body looked like a silver bullet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.658273696899414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "Jay Silverheels appeared as Tonto on The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson in a comedy sketch in which Carson is interviewing Tonto for employment. The audio portion of this sketch was included in the LP Here's Johnny! Magic Moments From The Tonight Show, released by Casablanca Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363306999206543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" }, { "answer": "Silver", "passage": "Both Clayton Moore and Silverheels appeared as the Lone Ranger and Tonto in a commercial for Jeno's Pizza Rolls produced by ad man/satirist Stan Freberg. The commercial was a spoof of a then-current commercial for Lark Cigarettes which also used the William Tell Overture theme music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.972840785980225, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lone Ranger" } ]

[ { "answer": "President Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "The building was originally referred to variously as the \"President's Palace\", \"Presidential Mansion\", or \"President's House\". The earliest evidence of the public calling it the \"White House\" was recorded in 1811. A myth emerged that during the rebuilding of the structure after the Burning of Washington, white paint was applied to mask the burn damage it had suffered, giving the building its namesake hue. The name \"Executive Mansion\" was used in official contexts until President Theodore Roosevelt established the formal name by having \"White House–Washington\" engraved on the stationery in 1901. The current letterhead wording and arrangement \"The White House\" with the word \"Washington\" centered beneath goes back to the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.", "precise_score": 1.3384586572647095, "rough_score": -4.789044380187988, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "President Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. In the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.48091983795166, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "Theodore roosevelt", "passage": "However, in 1902 Theodore Roosevelt hired McKim, Mead & White to carry out expansions and renovations in a neoclassical style suited to the building's architecture, removing the Tiffany screen and all Victorian additions. Charles McKim himself designed and managed the project, which gave more living space to the President's large family by removing a staircase in the West Hall and moving executive office staff from the second floor of the residence into the new West Wing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.763040065765381, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China", "passage": "The Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs is in charge of maintaining the foreign relations of Afghanistan. The state has been a member of the United Nations since 1946. It enjoys strong economic relations with a number of NATO and allied states, particularly the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Turkey. In 2012, the United States designated Afghanistan as a major non-NATO ally and created the U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement. Afghanistan also has friendly diplomatic relations with neighboring Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China, and with regional states such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Russia, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Egypt, Japan, and South Korea. It continues to develop diplomatic relations with other countries around the world.", "precise_score": -2.247924327850342, "rough_score": -4.384537696838379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Slaughterhouse-Five, or The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death (1969) is a satirical novel by Kurt Vonnegut about World War II experiences and journeys through time of Billy Pilgrim, from his time as an American soldier and chaplain's assistant, to postwar and early years. It is generally recognized as Vonnegut's most influential and popular work. A central event is Pilgrim's surviving the Allies' firebombing of Dresden as a prisoner-of-war. This was an event in Vonnegut's own life, and the novel is considered semi-autobiographical.", "precise_score": 6.730137348175049, "rough_score": 7.792187213897705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "At this moment, Billy becomes \"unstuck in time,\" and has flashbacks from his former life. Billy and the other prisoners are transported by the Germans to Luxembourg. By 1945, the Germans transport the prisoners to Dresden to work in \"contract labor\" (forced labor). The Germans hold Billy and his fellow prisoners in an empty Dresden slaughterhouse, \"Schlachthof-fünf,\" \"slaughterhouse five.\" During the extensive bombing by the Allies, German guards hide with the prisoners of war in a deep cellar. This results in their being among the few survivors of the firestorm that raged in the city between 13 and 15 February 1945. After V-E Day in May 1945, Billy is transferred to the United States, and receives his honorable discharge in July 1945. ", "precise_score": 1.8716927766799927, "rough_score": 5.016010761260986, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "; Narrator: Intrusive and recurring as a minor character, the narrator seems anonymous while also clearly identifying himself when he, the narrator, says: \"That was I. That was me. That was the author of this book.\" As noted above, as a soldier, Vonnegut was captured by Germans at the Battle of the Bulge and transported to Dresden. He and fellow prisoners survived the bombing while being held in a deep cellar of Schlachthof Fünf (Slaughterhouse 5). The narrator begins the story describing his connection to the fire-bombing of Dresden and his reasons for writing Slaughterhouse-Five.", "precise_score": 4.042941093444824, "rough_score": 4.196859836578369, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "; Werner Gluck: The sixteen-year-old German charged with guarding Billy and Edgar Derby, when they are first placed at Slaughterhouse Five in Dresden. He does not know his way around and accidentally leads Billy and Edgar into a communal shower where some German refugee girls from the Eastern Front are bathing. He is described as appearing similar to Billy. They are revealed by the narrator as distant cousins but never discover this fact in the novel.", "precise_score": 0.1668555736541748, "rough_score": -0.6220566630363464, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Slaughterhouse-Five speaks of the fire-bombing of Dresden in World War II, and refers to the Battle of the Bulge, the Vietnam War, and the civil rights protests in American cities during the 1960s. Billy's wife, Valencia, wears a Reagan for President! bumper sticker on her car, referring to Reagan's failed 1968 Republican presidential nomination campaign. The bumper sticker was edited out of a broadcast version of the film which aired on at least one cable channel during or after the Reagan administration. Another bumper sticker is mentioned that says \"Impeach Earl Warren.\" ", "precise_score": 0.6206197142601013, "rough_score": 6.192698001861572, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The slaughterhouse in which Billy Pilgrim and the other POWs are kept is also a real building in Dresden. Vonnegut was beaten and imprisoned in this building during World War II and it is because of the meat locker in the building's basement that he (and Billy) survived the fire-bombing; the site is largely intact and protected. One can visit it and take a two-hour guided tour called \"Kurt Vonnegut Tour\". ", "precise_score": 1.7839248180389404, "rough_score": 4.262325286865234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The bombing of Dresden in World War II is the central event mentally affecting Billy Pilgrim, the protagonist. Within, Vonnegut says the firebombing killed 135,000 German civilians; he cites The Destruction of Dresden, by David Irving. Later publications place the figure between 24,000 and 40,000 and question Irving's research.The consensus among historians is that the number killed was between slightly under 25,000 to a few thousand over 35,000. See:", "precise_score": 0.9221504330635071, "rough_score": 2.965851306915283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Critics have accused Slaughterhouse-Five of being a quietist work, because Billy Pilgrim believes that the notion of free will is a quaint Earthling illusion. The problem, according to Robert Merrill and Peter A. Scholl, is that \"Vonnegut's critics seem to think that he is saying the same thing [as the Tralfamadorians]. For Anthony Burgess, \"Slaughterhouse is a kind of evasion —in a sense, like J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan —in which we’re being told to carry the horror of the Dresden bombing, and everything it implies, up to a level of fantasy...\" For Charles Harris, \"The main idea emerging from Slaughterhouse-Five seems to be that the proper response to life is one of resigned acceptance.\" For Alfred Kazin, “Vonnegut deprecates any attempt to see tragedy, that day, in Dresden... He likes to say, with arch fatalism, citing one horror after another, 'So it goes'.\" For Tanner, \"Vonnegut has... total sympathy with such quietistic impulses.\" The same notion is found throughout The Vonnegut Statement, a book of original essays written and collected by Vonnegut’s most loyal academic fans.", "precise_score": 1.8126558065414429, "rough_score": 4.103532791137695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut attended Cornell University, but dropped out in January 1943 and enlisted in the United States Army. He was deployed to Europe to fight in World War II, and was captured by the Germans during the Battle of the Bulge. He was interned in Dresden and survived the Allied bombing of the city by taking refuge in a meat locker of the slaughterhouse where he was imprisoned. After the war, Vonnegut married Jane Marie Cox, with whom he had three children. He later adopted his sister's three sons, after she died of cancer and her husband died in a train accident.", "precise_score": 0.985396683216095, "rough_score": 5.113593101501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kurt Vonnegut" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On December 22, Vonnegut was captured with about fifty other American soldiers. Vonnegut was taken by boxcar to a prison camp south of Dresden, in Saxony. During the journey, the Royal Air Force bombed the prisoner trains and killed about 150 men. Vonnegut was sent to Dresden, the \"first fancy city [he had] ever seen\". He lived in a slaughterhouse when he got to the city, and worked in a factory that made malt syrup for pregnant women. Vonnegut recalled the sirens going off whenever another city was bombed. The Germans did not expect Dresden to get bombed, Vonnegut said. \"There were very few air-raid shelters in town and no war industries, just cigarette factories, hospitals, clarinet factories.\" ", "precise_score": 1.8601964712142944, "rough_score": 3.728853702545166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kurt Vonnegut" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On February 13, 1945, Dresden became the target of Allied forces. In the hours and days that followed, the Allies engaged in a fierce firebombing of the city. The offensive subsided on February 15, leaving tens of thousands dead. Vonnegut marveled at the level of both the destruction in Dresden and the secrecy that attended it. He had survived by taking refuge in a meat locker three stories underground. \"It was cool there, with cadavers hanging all around\", Vonnegut said. \"When we came up the city was gone ... They burnt the whole damn town down.\" Vonnegut and other American prisoners were put to work immediately after the bombing, excavating bodies from the rubble. He described the activity as a \"terribly elaborate Easter-egg hunt\".", "precise_score": 0.9619046449661255, "rough_score": 2.9457671642303467, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kurt Vonnegut" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "After spending much of two years at the writer's workshop at the University of Iowa, teaching one course each term, Vonnegut was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for research in Germany. By the time he won it, in March 1967, he was becoming a well-known writer. He used the funds to travel in Eastern Europe, including to Dresden, where he found many prominent buildings still in ruins. At the time of the bombing, Vonnegut had not appreciated the sheer scale of destruction in Dresden; his enlightenment came only slowly as information dribbled out, and based on early figures came to believe that 135,000 had died there.", "precise_score": -0.9662215709686279, "rough_score": -0.03601536154747009, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kurt Vonnegut" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Vonnegut had been writing about his war experiences at Dresden ever since he returned from the war, but had never been able to write anything acceptable to himself or his publishers—Chapter 1 of Slaughterhouse-Five tells of his difficulties. Released in 1969, the novel rocketed Vonnegut to fame. It tells of the life of Billy Pilgrim, who like Vonnegut was born in 1922 and survives the bombing of Dresden. The story is told in a non-linear fashion, with many of the story's climaxes—Billy's death in 1976, his kidnapping by aliens from the planet Tralfamadore nine years earlier, and the execution of Billy's friend Edgar Derby in the ashes of Dresden for stealing a teapot—disclosed in the story's first pages. In 1970, he was also a correspondent in Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War. ", "precise_score": 5.044057369232178, "rough_score": 7.124543190002441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kurt Vonnegut" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Slaughterhouse-Five received generally positive reviews, with Michael Crichton writing in The New Republic, \"he writes about the most excruciatingly painful things. His novels have attacked our deepest fears of automation and the bomb, our deepest political guilts, our fiercest hatreds and loves. No one else writes books on these subjects; they are inaccessible to normal novelists.\" The book went immediately to the top of The New York Times Best Seller list. Vonnegut's earlier works had appealed strongly to many college students, and the antiwar message of Slaughterhouse Five resonated with a generation marked by the Vietnam War. He later stated that the loss of confidence in government that Vietnam caused finally allowed for an honest conversation regarding events like Dresden.", "precise_score": 2.419612169265747, "rough_score": 4.076616287231445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kurt Vonnegut" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Slaughterhouse-Five is the Vonnegut novel best known for its antiwar themes, but the author expressed his beliefs in ways beyond the depiction of the destruction of Dresden. He has one character, Mary O'Hare, opine that \"wars were partly encouraged by books and movies\", made by \"Frank Sinatra or John Wayne or some of those other glamorous, war-loving, dirty old men\". Vonnegut made a number of comparisons between Dresden and the bombing of Hiroshima in Slaughterhouse-Five and wrote in Palm Sunday (1991) that \"I learned how vile that religion of mine could be when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima\".", "precise_score": 4.427112579345703, "rough_score": 7.243746757507324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kurt Vonnegut" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The destruction of the city provoked unease in intellectual circles in Britain. According to Max Hastings, by February 1945, attacks upon German cities had become largely irrelevant to the outcome of the war and the name of Dresden resonated with cultured people all over Europe—\"the home of so much charm and beauty, a refuge for Trollope's heroines, a landmark of the Grand Tour.\" He writes that the bombing was the first time the public in Allied countries seriously questioned the military actions used to defeat the Germans. ", "precise_score": -2.5742948055267334, "rough_score": -2.832186222076416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death (1969) used some elements from his experiences as a prisoner of war at Dresden during the bombing. His account relates that over 135,000 were killed during the firebombings. Vonnegut recalled \"utter destruction\" and \"carnage unfathomable.\" The Germans put him and other POWs to work gathering bodies for mass burial. \"But there were too many corpses to bury. So instead the Nazis sent in troops with flamethrowers. All these civilians' remains were burned to ashes\". ", "precise_score": 6.492287635803223, "rough_score": 8.396069526672363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "This experience was also used in several of his other books and is included in his posthumously published stories: Armageddon in Retrospect. The firebombing of Dresden was depicted in George Roy Hill's 1972 movie adaptation of Vonnegut's novel.", "precise_score": -1.32835853099823, "rough_score": -1.5773563385009766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Freeman Dyson, a British (and later American) physicist who had worked as a young man with RAF Bomber Command from July 1943 to the end of the war, wrote in later years: \"For many years I had intended to write a book on the bombing. Now I do not need to write it, because Vonnegut has written it much better than I could. He was in Dresden at the time and saw what happened. His book is not only good literature. It is also truthful. The only inaccuracy that I found in it is that it does not say that the night attack which produced the holocaust was a British affair. The Americans only came the following day to plow over the rubble. Vonnegut, being American, did not want to write his account in such a way that the whole thing could be blamed on the British. Apart from that, everything he says is true.\" Dyson later goes on to say: \"Since the beginning of the war I had been retreating step by step from one moral position to another, until at the end I had no moral position at all\".", "precise_score": -0.7798335552215576, "rough_score": -1.9026285409927368, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "In 1968, Billy and a copilot are the only survivors of a plane crash. Valencia dies of carbon monoxide poisoning while driving to visit Billy in the hospital. Billy shares a hospital room with Bertram Rumfoord, a Harvard history professor. They discuss the bombing of Dresden, which the professor claims was justified, despite the great loss of civilian lives and destruction of the city. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.85405969619751, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Billy's daughter takes him home to Ilium. He escapes and flees to New York City. In Times Square he visits an adult book store. Billy discovers books written by Kilgore Trout and reads them. Later in the evening, when he discusses his time-travels to Tralfamadore on a radio talk show, he is evicted from the studio. He returns to his hotel room, falls asleep, and time-travels back to 1945 in Dresden, where the book ends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.557558059692383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "; Billy Pilgrim: A fatalistic optometrist ensconced in a dull, safe, marriage in Ilium, New York. During World War II, he was held as a prisoner of war in Dresden, surviving the firebombing, experiences which had a lasting effect on his post-war life. His time travel occurs at desperate times in his life; he re-lives events past and future and becomes fatalistic (though not a defeatist) because he has seen when, how and why he will die.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.210420608520508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "; Edgar Derby: A middle-aged man who has pulled strings to be able to fight in the war. He was a high school teacher who felt that he needed to participate rather than just sending off his students. Though relatively unimportant, he seems to be the only American before the bombing of Dresden, to understand what war can do to people. German forces summarily execute him for looting. Vonnegut has said that this death is the climax of the book as a whole.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.828712463378906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "; Bertram Copeland Rumfoord: A Harvard history professor, retired Air Force brigadier general and millionaire, who shares a hospital room with Billy and is interested in the Dresden bombing. He is likely a relative of Winston Niles Rumfoord, a character in Vonnegut's earlier novel, The Sirens of Titan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.733889579772949, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "; Bernard V. O'Hare: The husband of Mary O'Hare. He is the narrator's old war friend who was also held in Dresden and accompanies him to that city after the war. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.693180084228516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The Narrator reports that Billy Pilgrim experiences his life discontinuously, so that he randomly lives and (re-lives) his birth, youth, old age and death, rather than in customary linear order. There are two narrative threads: Billy's wartime period (interrupted with episodes from other periods and places in his life), which is mostly linear, and his discontinuous pre-war and post-war lives. Billy's existential perspective was compromised by his witnessing Dresden's destruction, although he had come \"unstuck in tim\"e before arriving in the city. Slaughterhouse-Five is told in short, declarative sentences, which suggest the sense of reading a report of facts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.17367696762085, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The Narrator begins the novel by telling of his connection to the Dresden bombing, and why he is recording it. He gives a description of self, and book, saying that it is a desperate attempt at scholarly work. He segues to the story of Billy Pilgrim: \"Listen: Billy Pilgrim has come unstuck in time\", thus the transition from the writer's perspective to that of the third-person, omniscient Narrator. The use of \"Listen\" as an opening interjection mimics the epic poem Beowulf.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.449006080627441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The desire for a 'human' Jesus is not the only Biblical topic discussed in the novel. Another reference involves the story of Lot’s wife disobeying and turning to look back at the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. The narrator of that chapter, possibly seen as Vonnegut himself, claims that he loves Lot’s wife doing so “because it was so human.” Amanda Wicks speaks on this incorporation of Lot's wife and the narrating voice stating, “Vonnegut naturally aligns himself with Lot’s wife since both occupy the role of spectators shattered by the act of witnessing.” The narrator's alignment with Lot's wife also creates a good pretext for the understanding of Billy Pilgrim’s psyche throughout the destruction of Dresden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.336129188537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "** Bergander, Götz (1977). Dresden im Luftkrieg: Vorgeschichte-Zerstörung-Folgen. Munich: Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, who estimated a few thousand over 35,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.028976440429688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "** Reichert, Friedrich. \"Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit,\" in Dresden City Museum (ed.). Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit. Die Zerstörung Dresdens 1945. Altenburg, 1994, pp. 40–62, p. 58. Richard Evans regards Reichert's figures as definitive. [http://hdot.org/en/trial/defense/evans/520di.html#notelink-evans_520di7p512n52]. For comparison, in the 9–10 March 1945 Tokyo raid by the USAAF, the most destructive firebombing raid in WWII, 16 square miles (41 km2) of the city were destroyed and some 100,000 people are estimated to have died in the conflagration. [http://www.usaaf.net/ww2/hittinghome/hittinghomepg9.htm]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.696405410766602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Slaughterhouse-Five" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The mass-bombing of civilian areas, notably the cities of Warsaw, Rotterdam and London; including the aerial targeting of hospitals and fleeing refugees by the German Luftwaffe, along with the bombing of Tokyo, and German cities of Dresden, Hamburg and Cologne by the Western Allies may be considered as war crimes. The latter resulted in the destruction of more than 160 cities and the death of more than 600,000 German civilians. However, no positive or specific customary international humanitarian law with respect to aerial warfare existed before or during World War II. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1088685989379883, "source": "wiki", "title": "World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The bombing of Dresden was a British/American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, that took place during the Second World War in the European Theatre. In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.31567120552063, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Immediate German propaganda claims following the attacks and post-war discussions on whether the attacks were justified has led to the bombing becoming one of the moral causes célèbres of the war. A 1953 United States Air Force report defended the operation as the justified bombing of a strategic target, which they claimed was a major rail transport and communication centre, housing 110 factories and 50,000 workers in support of the German war effort. Several researchers have asserted that not all of the communications infrastructure, such as the bridges, was targeted, nor were the extensive industrial areas outside the city centre. Critics of the bombing argue that Dresden was a cultural landmark of little or no strategic significance, and that the attacks were indiscriminate area bombing and not proportionate to the commensurate military gains.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4572362899780273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Large variations in the claimed death toll have fueled the controversy. In March 1945, the German government ordered its press to publish a falsified casualty figure of 200,000 for the Dresden raids, and death toll estimates as high as 500,000 have been given. The city authorities at the time estimated no more than 25,000 victims, a figure that subsequent investigations supported, including a 2010 study commissioned by the city council.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.434128761291504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On 22 January, the RAF director of bomber operations, Air Commodore Sydney Bufton, sent a memo to the Deputy Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal Sir Norman Bottomley, suggesting that what appeared to be a coordinated air attack by the RAF to aid the current Soviet offensive would have a detrimental effect on German morale. On 25 January, the Joint Intelligence Committee supported the idea—as it tied in with the ULTRA-based intelligence that dozens of German divisions deployed in the west were moving to reinforce the Eastern Front, and that interdiction of these troop movements should be a high priority. Arthur Harris, AOC Bomber Command (nicknamed \"Bomber\" Harris in the British press, and known as an ardent supporter of area bombing ) was asked for his opinion, and proposed a simultaneous attack on Chemnitz, Leipzig and Dresden. That evening Churchill asked the Secretary of State for Air, Sir Archibald Sinclair, what plans had been drawn up to carry out these proposals. He passed on the request to Sir Charles Portal, the Chief of the Air Staff, who answered that \"We should use available effort in one big attack on Berlin and attacks on Dresden, Leipzig, and Chemnitz, or any other cities where a severe blitz will not only cause confusion in the evacuation from the East, but will also hamper the movement of troops from the West\". He mentioned that aircraft diverted to such raids should not be taken away from the current primary tasks of destroying oil production facilities, jet aircraft factories, and submarine yards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.555777072906494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "In response to Churchill's enquiry, Sinclair approached Bottomley, who asked Harris to undertake attacks on Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz, as soon as moonlight and weather allowed, \"...with the particular object of exploiting the confused conditions which are likely to exist in the above mentioned cities during the successful Russian advance.\" This activity allowed Sinclair to inform Churchill on 27 January of Air Staff agreement, \"subject to the overriding claims\" on other targets under the Pointblank Directive, strikes against communications in these cities to disrupt civilian evacuation from the east and troop movement from the west would be made.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.37902545928955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On 31 January, Bottomley sent a message to Portal saying a heavy attack on Dresden and other cities \"will cause great confusion in civilian evacuation from the east and hamper movement of reinforcements from other fronts\". British historian Frederick Taylor mentions a further memo sent to the Chiefs of Staff Committee by Sir Douglas Evill on 1 February, in which Evill states interfering with mass civilian movements was a major, even key, factor in the decision to bomb the city centre. Attacks there, where main railway junctions, telephone systems, city administration and utilities were located, would result in chaos. Britain had learned this after the Coventry Blitz, when loss of this crucial infrastructure had longer-lasting effects than attacks on war plants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.293251991271973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "During the Yalta Conference on 4 February, the Deputy Chief of the Soviet General Staff, General Aleksei Antonov, raised the issue of hampering the reinforcement of German troops from the western front by paralysing the junctions of Berlin and Leipzig with aerial bombardment. In response, Portal, who was in Yalta, asked Bottomley to send him a list of objectives to discuss with the Soviets. Bottomley's list included oil plants, tank and aircraft factories and the cities of Berlin and Dresden. A British interpreter later claimed that Antonov and Joseph Stalin asked for the bombing of Dresden, but there is no mention of these requests in the official record of the conference and the claim may be Cold War propaganda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.434053421020508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Dresden was Germany's seventh-largest city and, according to the RAF at the time, the largest remaining unbombed built-up area. Taylor writes that an official 1942 guide to the city described it as \"one of the foremost industrial locations of the Reich\" and in 1944, the German Army High Command's Weapons Office listed 127 medium-to-large factories and workshops that were supplying the army with materiel. The contribution to the German war effort may not have been as significant as the planners thought.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3555097579956055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The USAF report also states that two of Dresden's traffic routes were of military importance: north-south from Germany to Czechoslovakia, and east-west along the central European uplands.: Cites Chambers Encyclopedia, New York, 1950, Vol. IV, p. 636, The city was at the junction of the Berlin-Prague-Vienna railway line, as well as the Munich-Breslau, and Hamburg-Leipzig lines. Colonel Harold E. Cook, a US POW held in the Friedrichstadt marshaling yard the night before the attacks, later said that \"I saw with my own eyes that Dresden was an armed camp: thousands of German troops, tanks and artillery and miles of freight cars loaded with supplies supporting and transporting German logistics towards the east to meet the Russians\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9310712814331055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "In the raid, major industrial areas in the suburbs, which stretched for miles, were not targeted. According to historian Donald Miller, \"the economic disruption would have been far greater had Bomber Command targeted the suburban areas where most of Dresden's manufacturing might was concentrated\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.233197212219238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The Dresden attack was to have begun with a USAAF Eighth Air Force bombing raid on 13 February 1945. The Eighth Air Force had already bombed the railway yards near the centre of the city twice in daytime raids: once on 7 October 1944 with 70 tons of high-explosive bombs killing more than 400, then again with 133 bombers on 16 January 1945, dropping 279 tons of high-explosives and 41 tons of incendiaries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.457568168640137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On 13 February 1945, bad weather over Europe prevented any USAAF operations, and it was left to RAF Bomber Command to carry out the first raid. It had been decided that the raid would be a double strike, in which a second wave of bombers would attack three hours after the first, just as the rescue teams were trying to put out the fires. Other raids were carried out that night to confuse German air defences. Three hundred and sixty heavy bombers (Lancasters and Halifaxes) bombed a synthetic oil plant in Böhlen, 60 mi from Dresden, while de Havilland Mosquito medium bombers attacked Magdeburg, Bonn, Misburg near Hanover and Nuremberg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.996368408203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "When Polish crews of the designated squadrons were preparing for the mission, the terms of the Yalta agreement were made known to them. There was a huge uproar, since the Yalta agreement handed parts of Poland over to the Soviet Union. There was talk of mutiny among the Polish pilots, and their British officers removed their side arms. The Polish Government ordered the pilots to follow their orders and fly their missions over Dresden, which they did. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.494463920593262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The first of the British aircraft took off at around 17:20 hours CET for the 700 mi journey. This was a group of Lancasters from Bomber Command's 83 Squadron, No. 5 Group, acting as the Pathfinders, or flare force, whose job it was to find Dresden and drop magnesium parachute flares, known to the Germans as \"Christmas trees\", to light up the area for the bombers. The next set of aircraft to leave England were twin-engined Mosquito marker planes, which would identify target areas and drop 1,000-pound target indicators (TIs)\" that created a red glow for the bombers to aim at. The attack was to centre on the Ostragehege sports stadium, next to the city's medieval Altstadt (old town), with its congested, and highly combustible timbered buildings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.251245975494385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The Lancasters crossed into French airspace near the Somme, then into Germany just north of Cologne. At 22:00 hours, the force heading for Böhlen split away from Plate Rack, which turned south east toward the Elbe. By this time, ten of the Lancasters were out of service, leaving 244 to continue to Dresden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.97052001953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The sirens started sounding in Dresden at 21:51 (CET). Wing Commander Maurice Smith, flying in a Mosquito, gave the order to the Lancasters: \"Controller to Plate Rack Force: Come in and bomb glow of red target indicators as planned. Bomb the glow of red TIs as planned.\".Burleigh, Michael. [http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/history/0,6121,1142632,00.html \"Mission accomplished\"], The Guardian, 7 February 2004 The first bombs were released at 22:14, the Lancasters flying in at 8000 ft, with all but one Lancaster's bombs released within two minutes, and the last one releasing at 22:22. The fan-shaped area that was bombed was long, and at its extreme about wide. The shape and total devastation of the area was created by the bombers of No. 5 Group flying over the head of the fan (Ostragehege stadium) on prearranged compass bearings and releasing their bombs at different prearranged times. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.444296836853027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The second attack, three hours later, was by Lancaster aircraft of 1, 3, 6 and 8 Groups, 8 Group being the Pathfinders. By now, the thousands of fires from the burning city could be seen more than 60 mi away on the ground, and 500 mi away in the air, with smoke rising to 15000 ft.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/newsid_3549000/3549905.stm \"14 February 1945: Thousands of bombs destroy Dresden\"], BBC On this Day, 14 February 1945. Retrieved 10 January 2008. The Pathfinders therefore decided to expand the target, dropping flares on either side of the firestorm, including the Hauptbahnhof, the main train station, and the Großer Garten, a large park, both of which had escaped damage during the first raid. The German sirens sounded again at 01:05, but as there was practically no electricity, these were small hand-held sirens that were heard within only a block. Between 01:21 and 01:45, 529 Lancasters dropped more than 1,800 tons of bombs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.739497184753418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On the morning of 14 February 431 bombers of the 1st Bombardment Division of the United States VIII Bomber Command were scheduled to bomb Dresden at around midday, and the 3rd Bombardment Division were to follow the 1st and bomb Chemnitz, while the 2nd Bombardment Division would bomb a synthetic oil plant in Magdeburg. The bomber groups would be protected by the 784 North American P-51 Mustangs of VIII Fighter Command, which meant that there would be almost 2,100 aircraft of the United States Eighth Air Force over Saxony during 14 February.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.334964275360107, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "There is some confusion in the primary sources over what was the target in Dresden, whether it was the marshalling yards near the centre or centre of the built up area. The report by the 1st Bombardment Division's commander to his commander states that the targeting sequence was the centre of the built up area in Dresden if the weather was clear. If clouds obscured Dresden but Chemnitz was clear, Chemnitz was the target. If both were obscured, they would bomb the centre of Dresden using H2X radar. The mix of bombs for the Dresden raid was about 40% incendiaries—much closer to the RAF city busting mix than that the USAAF usually used in precision bombardment. Taylor compares this 40% mix with the raid on Berlin on 3 February, where the ratio was 10% incendiaries. This was a common mix when the USAAF anticipated cloudy conditions over the target.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.302868843078613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "316 B-17 Flying Fortresses bombed Dresden, dropping 771 tons of bombs. The rest misidentified their targets. Sixty bombed Prague, dropping 153 tons of bombs on the Czech city while others bombed Brux and Pilsen. The 379th bombardment group started to bomb Dresden at 12:17 aiming at marshalling yards in the Friedrichstadt district west of the city centre as the area was not obscured by smoke and cloud. The 303rd group arrived over Dresden 2 minutes after the 379th found that their view was obscured by clouds so they bombed Dresden using H2X radar to target this location. The groups that followed the 303rd, (92nd, 306th, 379th, 384th and 457th) also found Dresden obscured by clouds and they too used H2X to locate the target. H2X aiming caused the groups to bomb inaccurately with a wide dispersal over the Dresden area. The last group to bomb Dresden was the 306th and they had finished by 12:30.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.22452449798584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Strafing of civilians has become a traditional part of the oral history of the raids since a March 1945 article in the Nazi-run weekly newspaper Das Reich claimed that this had occurred. Historian Götz Bergander, who was himself an eyewitness of the raids, found no reports on strafing for 13–15 February, neither by any of the pilots nor by the German military and police. He asserted in Dresden im Luftkrieg (1977) that only a few tales of civilians being strafed were reliable in details, and all were related to the daylight attack on 14 February. He concluded that some memory of eyewitnesses was real, but that it had misinterpreted the firing in an airfight as being deliberately aimed at people on the ground. In 2000, historian Helmut Schnatz found that there was an explicit order to RAF pilots not to strafe civilians on the way back home from Dresden. He also reconstructed timelines with the result that strafing would have been almost impossible due to lack of time and fuel. Frederick Taylor in Dresden (2004), basing most of his analysis on the work of Bergander and Schnatz, concludes that no strafing took place, although some stray bullets from an aerial dog fight may have hit the ground and been mistaken for strafing by those in the vicinity. The official historical commission collected 103 detailed eyewitness accounts and let the local bomb disposal services search according to their assertions: They found no bullets or fragments that would have been used by planes of the Dresden raids.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.778590679168701, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On 15 February, the 1st Bombardment Division's primary target—the Böhlen synthetic oil plant near Leipzig—was obscured by cloud, so the Division's groups diverted to their secondary target, Dresden. Dresden was also obscured by clouds, so the groups targeted the city using H2X. The first group to arrive over the target was the 401st, but it missed the city centre and bombed Dresden's southeastern suburbs, with bombs also landing on the nearby towns of Meissen and Pirna. The other groups all bombed Dresden between 12:00 and 12:10. They failed to hit the marshalling yards in the Friedrichstadt district and, as on the previous raid, their ordnance scattered over a wide area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5186944007873535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Dresden's air defenses had been depleted by the need for more weaponry to fight the Red Army, and the city lost its last heavy flak battery in January 1945. By this point in the war, the Luftwaffe was seriously hampered by a shortage of both pilots and aircraft fuel; the German radar system had also been degraded, lowering the warning time to prepare for air attacks. The RAF also had an advantage over the Germans in the field of electronic radar countermeasures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.143350124359131, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The sirens had started sounding in Dresden at 21:51 (CET). Frederick Taylor writes that the Germans could see that a large enemy bomber formation—or what they called \"ein dicker Hund\" (lit: a fat dog, a \"major thing\")—was approaching somewhere in the east. At 21:39, the Reich Air Defence Leadership issued an enemy aircraft warning for Dresden, although, at that point, it was thought Leipzig might be the target. At 21:59, the Local Air Raid Leadership confirmed that the bombers were in the area of Dresden-Pirna. Taylor writes the city was largely undefended; a night fighter force of ten Messerschmitts at Klotzsche airfield was scrambled, but it took them half an hour to get into an attack position. At 22:03, the Local Air Raid Leadership issued the first definitive warning: \"Warning! Warning! Warning! The lead aircraft of the major enemy bomber forces have changed course and are now approaching the city area\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.59460973739624, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "A Dresden police report written shortly after the attacks reported that the old town and the inner eastern suburbs had been engulfed in a single fire that had destroyed almost 12,000 dwellings. The same report said that the raids had destroyed 24 banks, 26 insurance buildings, 31 stores and retail houses, 640 shops, 64 warehouses, 2 market halls, 31 large hotels, 26 public houses, 63 administrative buildings, 3 theatres, 18 cinemas, 11 churches, 6 chapels; 5 other cultural buildings, 19 hospitals including auxiliary, overflow hospitals, and private clinics, 39 schools, 5 consulates, the zoo, the waterworks, the railways, 19 postal facilities, 4 tram facilities, and 19 ships and barges. The Wehrmacht's main command post in the Taschenbergpalais, 19 military hospitals and a number of less significant military facilities were also destroyed. Almost 200 factories were damaged, 136 seriously damaged (including several of the Zeiss Ikon precision optical engineering works), 28 with medium to serious damage, and 35 with light damage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.066995620727539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "During his post-war interrogation, Albert Speer, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich, indicated that Dresden's industrial recovery from the bombings was rapid. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.649195194244385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "According to official German report Tagesbefehl (Order of the Day) no. 47 (\"TB47\") issued on 22 March the number of dead recovered by that date was 20,204, including 6,865 who were cremated on the Altmarkt square, and they expected that the total number of deaths would be about 25,000. Another report on 3 April put the number of corpses recovered at 22,096. Three municipal and 17 rural cemeteries outside Dresden recorded up to 30 April 1945 a total of at least 21,895 buried bodies of the Dresden raids, including those cremated on the Altmarkt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.580162048339844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "A further 1,858 bodies were discovered during the reconstruction of Dresden between the end of the war and 1966. Since 1989, despite extensive excavation for new buildings, no war-related bodies have been found. Seeking to establish a definitive casualty figure, in part to address propagandisation of the bombing by far-right groups, the Dresden city council in 2005 authorized an independent Historian's Commission (Historikerkommission) to conduct a new, thorough investigation, collecting and evaluating available sources. The results were published 2010 and stated that a minimum of 22,700 and a maximum of 25,000 people were killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.996314525604248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On 16 February, the Propaganda Ministry issued a press release that stated that Dresden had no war industries; it was a city of culture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.752473831176758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "On 25 February, a new leaflet with photographs of two burned children was released under the title \"Dresden—Massacre of Refugees,\" stating that 200,000 had died. Since no official estimate had been developed, the numbers were speculative, but newspapers such as the Stockholm Svenska Morgonbladet used phrases such as \"privately from Berlin,\" to explain where they had obtained the figures. Frederick Taylor states that \"there is good reason to believe that later in March copies of—or extracts from—[an official police report] were leaked to the neutral press by Goebbels's Propaganda Ministry ... doctored with an extra zero to make [the total dead from the raid] 202,040\". On 4 March, Das Reich, a weekly newspaper founded by Goebbels, published a lengthy article emphasizing the suffering and destruction of a cultural icon, without mentioning any damage the attacks had caused to the German war effort. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8152360916137695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Taylor writes that this propaganda was effective, as it not only influenced attitudes in neutral countries at the time, but also reached the British House of Commons when Richard Stokes, a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP), a long term opponent of area-bombing, quoted information from the German Press Agency (controlled by the Propaganda Ministry). It was Stokes' questions in the House of Commons that were in large part responsible for the shift in the UK against this type of raid. Taylor suggests that, although the destruction of Dresden would have affected people's support for the Allies regardless of German propaganda, at least some of the outrage did depend on Goebbels' massaging of the casualty figures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.678512096405029, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "One of the journalists asked whether the principal aim of bombing Dresden would be to cause confusion among the refugees or to blast communications carrying military supplies. Grierson answered that the primary aim was to attack communications to prevent the Germans from moving military supplies, and to stop movement in all directions if possible. He then added in an offhand remark that the raid also helped destroy \"what is left of German morale.\" Howard Cowan, an Associated Press war correspondent, subsequently filed a story saying that the Allies had resorted to terror bombing. There were follow-up newspaper editorials on the issue and a longtime opponent of strategic bombing, Richard Stokes MP, asked questions in the House of Commons on 6 March.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.893134117126465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "After the war, and again after German reunification, great efforts were made to rebuild some of Dresden's former landmarks, such as the Frauenkirche, the Semperoper (the Saxony state opera house) and the Zwinger Palace (the latter two were rebuilt before reunification).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.192596435546875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "In 1956, Dresden entered a twin-town relationship with Coventry. As a centre of military and munitions production, Coventry suffered some of the worst attacks on any British city at the hands of the Luftwaffe during the Coventry Blitzes of 1940 and 1941, which killed over 1,200 civilians and destroyed its cathedral. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2423360347747803, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The Dresden synagogue, which was burned during Kristallnacht on 9 November 1938, was rebuilt in 2001 and opened for worship on 9 November and is called the New Synagogue. The original synagogue's Star of David was installed above the entrance of the new building—Alfred Neugebauer, a local firefighter, saved it from the fire and hid it in his home until the end of the war. Dresden's Jewish population declined from 4675 in 1933, to 1265 in 1941 (the eve of the implementation of the Nazis' extermination programme), to just a handful after almost all of those who had remained were forcibly sent to Riga, Auschwitz and Theresienstadt between 1941 and 1945. On the morning of 13 February 1945, the Jews remaining in Dresden were ordered to report for deportation on 16 February. But as one of them, Victor Klemperer, recorded in his diaries: \"... on the evening of this 13 February the catastrophe overtook Dresden: the bombs fell, the houses collapsed, the phosphorus flowed, the burning beams crashed on to the heads of Aryans and non-Aryans alike and Jew and Christian met death in the same firestorm; whoever of the [Jews] was spared by this night was delivered, for in the general chaos he could escape the Gestapo\". But in recent years the Jewish population has increased in Dresden, as it has elsewhere in Germany.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1647310.stm Dresden synagogue rises again], BBC News, 9 November 2001. Paul Spiegel, the then head of Central Council of Jews in Germany, called the new synagogue a concrete expression of the Jewish community's desire to stay.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.895434856414795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "In 1990, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, a group of prominent Dresdeners formed an international appeal known as the \"Call from Dresden\" to request help in rebuilding the Lutheran Frauenkirche, the destruction of which had over the years become a symbol of the bombing.Boobbyer, Philip. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KZH/is_4_19/ai_n16621314/pg_1 \"Answering Dresden's Call\"], For a Change, August–September 2006. The baroque Church of Our Lady (completed in 1743) had initially appeared to survive the raids, but collapsed a few days later, and the ruins were left in place by later Communist governments as a symbol of British aggression.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0851569175720215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "A British charity, the Dresden Trust, was formed in 1993 to raise funds in response to the call for help, raising £600,000 from 2,000 people and 100 companies and trusts in Britain. One of the gifts they made to the project was an eight-metre high orb and cross made in London by goldsmiths Gant MacDonald, using medieval nails recovered from the ruins of the roof of Coventry Cathedral, and crafted in part by Alan Smith, the son of a pilot who took part in the raid.Furlong, Ray. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3830135.stm Dresden ruins finally restored], BBC News, 22 June 2004.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.878746032714844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "British historian Frederick Taylor wrote of the attacks: \"The destruction of Dresden has an epically tragic quality to it. It was a wonderfully beautiful city and a symbol of baroque humanism and all that was best in Germany. It also contained all of the worst from Germany during the Nazi period. In that sense it is an absolutely exemplary tragedy for the horrors of 20th century warfare and a symbol of destruction\".Hawley, Charles. [http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,341239,00.html \"Dresden Bombing Is To Be Regretted Enormously\"], interview with Frederick Taylor, Spiegel Online, 11 February 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.099521636962891, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The bombing of Dresden has been used by Holocaust deniers and pro-Nazi polemicists—most notably by the British writer David Irving in his book The Destruction of Dresden—in an attempt to establish a moral equivalence between the war crimes committed by the Nazi government and the killing of German civilians by Allied bombing raids. As such, \"grossly inflated\" casualty figures have been promulgated over the years, many based on a figure of over 200,000 deaths quoted in a forged version of the casualty report, Tagesbefehl No. 47, that originated with Hitler's Reich Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4698894023895264, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "An inquiry conducted at the behest of U.S. Army Chief of Staff, General George C. Marshall, stated the raid was justified by the available intelligence. The inquiry declared the elimination of the German ability to reinforce a counter-attack against Marshal Konev's extended line or, alternatively, to retreat and regroup using Dresden as a base of operations, were important military objectives. As Dresden had been largely untouched during the war due to its location, it was one of the few remaining functional rail and communications centres. A secondary objective was to disrupt the industrial use of Dresden for munitions manufacture, which American intelligence believed was the case. The shock to military planners and to the Allied civilian populations of the German counterattack known as the Battle of the Bulge had ended speculation that the war was almost over, and may have contributed to the decision to continue with the aerial bombardment of German cities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.77837610244751, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The inquiry concluded that by the presence of active German military units nearby, and the presence of fighters and anti-aircraft within an effective range, Dresden qualified as \"defended\". By this stage in the war both the British and the Germans had integrated air defences at the national level. The German national air-defence system could be used to argue—as the tribunal did—that no German city was \"undefended\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.189870834350586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Marshall's tribunal declared that no extraordinary decision was made to single out Dresden (e.g. to take advantage of the large number of refugees, or purposely terrorize the German populace). It was argued that the intent of area bombing was to disrupt communications and destroy industrial production. The American inquiry established that the Soviets, pursuant to allied agreements for the United States and the United Kingdom to provide air support for the Soviet offensive toward Berlin, had requested area bombing of Dresden to prevent a counterattack through Dresden, or the use of Dresden as a regrouping point after a strategic retreat.USAF, II. Section ANALYSIS: Dresden as a Military Target, ¶ 33, 34.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.238277912139893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The first point regarding the legitimacy of the raid depends on two claims: first, that the railyards subjected to American precision bombing were an important logistical target, and that the city was also an important industrial centre. Even after the main firebombing, there were two further raids on the Dresden railway yards by the USAAF. The first was on 2 March 1945, by 406 B-17s, which dropped 940 tons of high-explosive bombs and 141 tons of incendiaries. The second was on 17 April, when 580 B-17s dropped 1,554 tons of high-explosive bombs and 165 tons of incendiaries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.37834644317627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "As far as Dresden being a militarily significant industrial centre, an official 1942 guide described the German city as \"...one of the foremost industrial locations of the Reich,\" and in 1944, the German Army High Command's Weapons Office listed 127 medium-to-large factories and workshops that supplied materiel to the military. Dresden was the seventh largest German city, and by far the largest un-bombed built-up area left, and thus was contributing to the defence of Germany itself. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.419187068939209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "According to the USAFHD, there were 110 factories and 50,000 workers supporting the German war effort in Dresden at the time of the raid. These factories manufactured fuses and bombsights (at Zeiss Ikon A.G.), aircraft components, anti-aircraft guns, field guns, and small arms, poison gas, gears and differentials, electrical and X-ray apparatus, electric gauges, gas masks, Junkers aircraft engines, and Messerschmitt fighter cockpit parts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.910642623901367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The second of the five points addresses the prohibition in the Hague Conventions, of \"attack or bombardment\" of \"undefended\" towns. The USAFHD report states that Dresden was protected by anti-aircraft defences, antiaircraft guns, and searchlights, under the Combined Dresden (Corps Area IV) and Berlin (Corps Area III) Luftwaffe Administration Commands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.7923383712768555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The third and fourth points say that the size of the Dresden raid—in terms of numbers, types of bombs and the means of delivery—were commensurate with the military objective and similar to other Allied bombings. On 23 February 1945, the Allies bombed Pforzheim and caused an estimated 20,000 civilian fatalities; the most devastating raid on any city was on Tokyo on 9–10 March (the Meetinghouse raid) caused over 100,000 civilian casualties. The tonnage and types of bombs listed in the service records of the Dresden raid were comparable to (or less than) throw weights of bombs dropped in other air attacks carried out in 1945. In the case of Dresden, as in many other similar attacks, the hour break in between the RAF raids was a deliberate ploy to attack the fire fighters and rescue crews.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4566664695739746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "In late July 1943, the city of Hamburg was bombed in Operation Gomorrah by combined RAF and USAAF strategic bomber forces. Four major raids were carried out in the span of 10 days, of which the most notable, on 27–28 July, created a devastating firestorm effect similar to Dresden's, killing at least 45,000 people. Two thirds of the remaining population reportedly fled the city after the raids. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.314593315124512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The fifth point is that the firebombing achieved the intended effect of disabling the industry in Dresden. It was estimated that at least 23% of the city's industrial buildings were destroyed or severely damaged. The damage to other infrastructure and communications was immense, which would have severely limited the potential use of Dresden to stop the Soviet advance. The report concludes with: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4497652053833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The journalist Alexander McKee cast doubt on the meaningfulness of the list of targets mentioned in the 1953 USAF report, pointing out that the military barracks listed as a target were a long way out of the city and were not in fact targeted during the raid. The \"hutted camps\" mentioned in the report as military targets were also not military but were camps for refugees. It is also stated that the important Autobahn bridge to the west of the city was not targeted or attacked, and that no railway stations were on the British target maps, nor any bridges, such as the railway bridge spanning the Elbe River. Commenting on this, McKee says: \"The standard whitewash gambit, both British and American, is to mention that Dresden contained targets X, Y and Z, and to let the innocent reader assume that these targets were attacked, whereas in fact the bombing plan totally omitted them and thus, except for one or two mere accidents, they escaped\". McKee further asserts \"The bomber commanders were not really interested in any purely military or economic targets, which was just as well, for they knew very little about Dresden; the RAF even lacked proper maps of the city. What they were looking for was a big built up area which they could burn, and that Dresden possessed in full measure.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.35816478729248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "According to the historian Sönke Neitzel, \"it is difficult to find any evidence in German documents that the destruction of Dresden had any consequences worth mentioning on the Eastern Front. The industrial plants of Dresden played no significant role in German industry at this stage in the war\". Wing Commander H. R. Allen said, \"The final phase of Bomber Command's operations was far and away the worst. Traditional British chivalry and the use of minimum force in war was to become a mockery and the outrages perpetrated by the bombers will be remembered a thousand years hence\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.892539024353027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "The Albertstadt, in the north of Dresden, had remarkable military facilities that the bombings failed to hit. Today they are officer's schools (\"Offiziersschule des Heeres\") for the German Bundeswehr and Germany's military history museum (from prehistoric to modern times).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9061503410339355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Frederick Taylor told Der Spiegel, \"I personally find the attack on Dresden horrific. It was overdone, it was excessive and is to be regretted enormously,\" but, \"A war crime is a very specific thing which international lawyers argue about all the time and I would not be prepared to commit myself nor do I see why I should. I'm a historian.\" Similarly, British philosopher A. C. Grayling has described British area bombardment as an \"immoral act\" and \"moral crime\" because \"destroying everything ... contravenes every moral and humanitarian principle debated in connection with the just conduct of war,\" but, \"It is not strictly correct to describe area bombing as a 'war crime'.\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.870769500732422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Though no one involved in the bombing of Dresden was ever charged with a war crime, some hold the opinion that the bombing was a war crime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.05893325805664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Historian Donald Bloxham states, \"The bombing of Dresden on 13–14 February 1945 was a war crime\". He further argues there was a strong prima facie case for trying Winston Churchill among others and a theoretical case Churchill could have been found guilty. \"This should be a sobering thought. If, however it is also a startling one, this is probably less the result of widespread understanding of the nuance of international law and more because in the popular mind 'war criminal', like 'paedophile' or 'terrorist', has developed into a moral rather than a legal categorisation\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.6647138595581055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Proponents of this position argue that the devastation from firebombing was greater than anything that could be justified by military necessity alone, and this establishes a prima facie case. The Allies were aware of the effects of firebombing, as British cities had been subject to them during the Blitz. Proponents disagree that Dresden had a military garrison and claim that most of the industry was in the outskirts and not in the targeted city centre,Gerda Gericke (lucas) [http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1265990,00.html The Destruction of Dresden's Frauenkirche] Deutsche Welle, 26 October 2005. and that the cultural significance of the city should have precluded the Allies from bombing it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.682032585144043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "British historian Antony Beevor wrote that Dresden was considered relatively safe, having been spared previous RAF night attacks, and that at the time of the raids there were up to 300,000 refugees in the area seeking sanctuary from the advancing Russian army from the Eastern Front. In Fire Sites, German historian Jörg Friedrich believes that the RAF's bombing campaign against German cities in the last months of the war served no military purpose.Harding, Luke. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,1067232,00.html German historian provokes row over war photos], The Guardian, 21 October 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.657817363739014, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "Far-right politicians in Germany have sparked a great deal of controversy by promoting the term \"Bombenholocaust\" (\"holocaust by bomb\") to describe the raids. Der Spiegel writes that, for decades, the Communist government of East Germany promoted the bombing as an example of \"Anglo-American terror,\" and now the same rhetoric is being used by the far right.Volkery, Carsten. [http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,339833,00.html \"War of Words\"], Der Spiegel, 2 February 2005. An example can be found in the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD). A party's representative, Jürgen Gansel, described the Dresden raids as \"mass murder,\" and \"Dresden's holocaust of bombs\".[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/12/international/europe/12germany.html?_r1&pagewanted", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.169659614562988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "slogin Germany Seeks Tighter Curbs on Protests by Neo-Nazi Party], The New York Times, 12 February 2005. This provoked an outrage in the German parliament and triggered responses from the media. Prosecutors said that it was illegal to call the bombing a holocaust.Cleaver, Hannah. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/1487678/German-ruling-says-Dresden-was-a-holocaust.html \"German ruling says Dresden was a holocaust\"], Daily Telegraph, 12 April 2005. In 2010, several demonstrations by organizations opposing the far-right blocked a demonstration of far-right organizations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.898550510406494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "* Miles Tripp, who was a bomb aimer in one of the aircraft that bombed Dresden, wrote a novel, Faith is a Windsock (1953), plus a non-fiction work, The Eighth Passenger (1969), based on his experiences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.97243070602417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "* Józef Mackiewicz, a Polish writer, included a shockingly realistic description of the bombing of Dresden in the final part of his quasi-documentary novel Colonel Miasoyedov's Case (1962).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.856466770172119, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "* In the 1983 Pink Floyd album The Final Cut, \"The Hero's Return\", the protagonist lives his years after World War II tormented by \"desperate memories\", part of him still flying \"over Dresden at angels 1–5\" (fifteen-thousand feet).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.085447311401367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "* The bombings are a central theme in the 2006 German TV production Dresden by director Roland Suso Richter. Along with the romantic plot between a British bomber pilot and a German nurse, the movie attempts to reconstruct the facts surrounding the Dresden bombings from both the perspective of the RAF pilots and the Germans in Dresden at the time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.724468231201172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" }, { "answer": "Dresden", "passage": "* The Japanese animated series K features Dresden (and the bombing) prominently, with the Japanese army securing a stone with magical properties (known as the \"Dresden Slate\") from scientists in the city and removing it to Tokyo after the firebombing, which results in the death of the First King Adolf Weissman's older sister, Claudia Weissman. The story suggests that the air raid on the otherwise strategically meaningless city was a response to successful experiments with the Dresden Slate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.42516565322876, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II" } ]

[ { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "In Greco-Roman mythology, Arachne (; from , cognate with Latin araneus) is a talented mortal weaver who challenged Athena, goddess of wisdom and crafts, into a weaving contest; this hubris resulted in her being transformed into a spider. ", "precise_score": 6.81620454788208, "rough_score": 6.448287487030029, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "\"Ha! I only speak the truth and if Athena thinks otherwise then let her come down and challenge me herself,\" Arachne replied. Athena removed her disguise and appeared in shimmering glory, clad in a sparkling white chiton. The two began weaving straight away. Athena's weaving represented four separate contests between mortals and the gods in which the gods punished mortals for setting themselves as equals of the gods. Arachne's weaving depicted ways that the gods had misled and abused mortals, particularly Zeus, tricking and seducing many women. When Athena saw that Arachne had not only insulted the gods, but done so with a work far more beautiful than Athena's own, she was enraged. She ripped Arachne's work into shreds, and sprinkled her with Hecate's potion, turning her into a spider and cursing her and her descendants to weave for all time. This showed how goddesses punished those who were mortal.", "precise_score": 4.841265678405762, "rough_score": 4.354523181915283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "Athena wove a tapestry of the people of Greece, with Poseidon and Athena over them, deciding whose name should be given to the city of Athens. Arachne wove a tapestry about Zeus, and his seduction of Europa and others. Athena saw that although Arachne had insulted the gods, her work was so beautiful that Athena herself was awed. She realized that Arachne couldn't live without weaving. To make Arachne realize her mistake and also to teach her to respect the gods and their works, she touched Arachne's forehead with the tip of her hand. The magic worked only partially, filling Arachne with guilt for her insolence, and she hanged herself. Out of pity, Athena brought Arachne back to life as a spider, so that she and her descendants could weave all their lives.", "precise_score": 2.478581190109253, "rough_score": 3.724207639694214, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* In Class of the Titans, Arachne was changed into a giant spider and makes a deal with Cronus to become human again. Cronus does not hold up the end of his bargain though and betrays her after getting her to trap the heroes for him. After being berated by Atlanta, Athena turns Arachne back into a human, and she is allowed to live at the Olympus High School, weaving for the gods.", "precise_score": 3.059732675552368, "rough_score": 1.1250494718551636, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "The fable of Arachne is a late Roman addition to Classical Greek mythology but does not appear in the myth repertoire of the Attic vase-painters. Arachne's name means spider. Arachne was the daughter of a famous dyer in Tyrian purple in Hypaipa of Lydia, and a weaving student of Athena. She became so conceited of her skill as a weaver that she began claiming that her skill was greater than that of Athena herself.", "precise_score": 3.0629472732543945, "rough_score": 4.1405534744262695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Athena" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "Arachne lent her name to the taxonomic class Arachnida, which includes spiders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.499404430389404, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "Arachne acknowledged Athena's triumph, but despaired at the loss of her craft. Athena saw that Arachne could not live if she could not weave, so she touched Arachne with the tip of her spear, turning her into a spider so she could weave without spindle or loom. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8659605383872986, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "The taxonomical class name Arachnida and the name for spiders in many romance languages are both derived from arachne.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.464153289794922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "It has also been suggested that Jeremias Gotthelf’s nineteenth century novella, The Black Spider, was heavily influenced by the Arachne story from Ovid's Metamorphoses. In the novella, a woman is turned into a venomous spider having reneged on a deal with the devil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.835054397583008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* In Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, she is pictured as a grotesque, half-woman, half-spider monster who nested on people to produce killer spiders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.683347702026367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* In Disney's Hercules, Arachne is portrayed as a large, sarcastic spider, guarding the Tapestry of Fate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.902078628540039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* Arachne is the central character in the 2011 novel The Spider Goddess by Tara Moss.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9588332176208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* In the modern classic fantasy The Last Unicorn by Peter S. Beagle, a plain brown spider is bewitched into believing that she is Arachne until the witch who enchanted her is killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.507518291473389, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* In Marvel Comics, Arachne is the name used by the second Spider-Woman (Julia Carpenter, currently the new Madame Web) to distinguish herself from Jessica Drew, the original Spider-Woman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.504122257232666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* In Volume 3 of Monster Musume, an Arachne (a human female from the hips upward and the body/legs of a spider) named Rachnera Arachnera is introduced; she goes on to become a member of the \"Monster Girl\" household in Volume 4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.693795204162598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* Archnemon is one of the main antagonists of Digimon Adventure 02, with the head and torso of a woman and the abdomen and legs of a spider.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203020095825195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* Arachne is the inspiration for a character featured in the Broadway musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.885043621063232, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* In the 13th episode from season 6 of Supernatural, \"Unforgiven,\" the monster of the week is an Arachne, depicted as a humanoid monster with spider-like attributes and abilities, including the ability to weave strong webs and a poisonous bite that can turn other humans into Arachnes. They can only be killed by decapitation and before one appeared in Bristol, Rhode Island hadn't been seen in 2,000 years. While soulless, Sam Winchester hunted one, but was unaware that it had turned its victims into Arachnes as well. One of the turned victims comes back for revenge and Sam is forced to kill him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.222751140594482, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* Arachne is also mentioned in the Percy Jackson and Heroes of Olympus series. All of Athena's children, including Annabeth Chase, are arachnophobic because of Arachne's dispute with Athena. Arachne appears towards the end of The Mark of Athena as a large spider while still maintaining human features. She is defeated by Annabeth because of her pride and eventually they are both sent falling into Tartarus, where Percy Jackson kills Arachne.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5118097066879272, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* Arachne: Spider Girl! is a play for children based on the myth by Ursula Dubosarsky, first published in the NSW School Magazine. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.230332374572754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "* Wydowna Spider from the Monster High series is the daughter of Arachne. She is an anthropomorphic black widow spider.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.703039169311523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arachne" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "Athena then struck Arachne with her staff, which changed her into a spider. In some versions, the destruction of her loom leads Arachne to hang herself in despair; Athena takes pity on her, and transforms her into a spider. In the aforementioned version, Arachne weaved scenes of joy while Athena weaved scenes of horror.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9816554188728333, "source": "wiki", "title": "Athena" }, { "answer": "Spider", "passage": "The fable suggests that the origin of weaving lay in imitation of spiders and that it was considered to have been perfected first in Asia Minor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.041438102722168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Athena" } ]

[ { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals.", "precise_score": -10.349766731262207, "rough_score": -10.377930641174316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal (emblem), an emblem used as a means of authentication; both an impression in paper, wax, clay or other medium, and the device used", "precise_score": -7.012944221496582, "rough_score": -10.103717803955078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Digital Signature And Electronic Authentication Law (SEAL), a bill that sought to update banking regulations in America", "precise_score": -10.2930908203125, "rough_score": -10.412538528442383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal (musician), English singer and songwriter, or any of his three self-titled albums:", "precise_score": -10.112942695617676, "rough_score": -10.71196460723877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Fairey Seal, a 1930s British carrier-borne torpedo bomber aircraft", "precise_score": -11.059317588806152, "rough_score": -11.059813499450684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* HMS Seal, two Royal Navy ships and one submarine", "precise_score": -10.766448974609375, "rough_score": -10.928534507751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "*Royal Thai Navy SEALs, Thai Navy special operations force modelled on the U.S. unit", "precise_score": -11.267641067504883, "rough_score": -11.063166618347168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Manuel Seal, Jr., American songwriter-producer", "precise_score": -10.855053901672363, "rough_score": -11.126033782958984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Mike Seal (fighter) (born 1977), Mexican mixed martial artist", "precise_score": -11.23923397064209, "rough_score": -11.178389549255371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal (musician) (born 1963), British soul and R&B singer-songwriter", "precise_score": -6.139692783355713, "rough_score": -4.52225399017334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "Seal commonly refers to:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273391723632812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal (mechanical), a device which helps prevent leakage, contain pressure, or exclude contamination where two systems join", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357569694519043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "Seal may also refer to:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.423103332519531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* SEAL (cipher), a cryptographic algorithm", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.355721473693848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* sealed, a keyword used in the programming languages Managed Extensions for C++ and C# to denote that this class cannot be inherited from", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324240684509277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "** Seal (1991 album)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39719009399414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "** Seal (1994 album), sometimes referred to as Seal II", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332300186157227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "** Seal (2003 album), sometimes referred to as Seal IV (following his third album Human Being)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302046775817871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal Online, a massively multiplayer online role-playing game", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.546721458435059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Record sealing", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.460456848144531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal (contract law), a legal formality for contracts and other instruments", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349596977233887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal (East Asia), a stamp used in East Asia as a form of a signature", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390182495117188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* USS Seal, two American submarines", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.498940467834473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "*United States Navy SEALs, the principal special operations force of the U.S. Navy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.477432250976562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "*'Naval Special Operations Group also known as the Philippine Navy SEALs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47116756439209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "*ROKN UDT/SEALs, a component of the Republic of Korea Navy Special Warfare Flotilla", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354394912719727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Barry Seal (1939–1986), drug smuggler and DEA informant", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366493225097656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Brajendra Nath Seal (1864–1938), Indian humanist philosopher and educator", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.224921226501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* David Seal (born 1972), Australian soccer player", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360482215881348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Elizabeth Seal (born 1933), Italian actress", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34954833984375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Frances Thurber Seal, American Christian Science practitioner and teacher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410539627075195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Jaynie Seal (born 1973), Australian television presenter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374162673950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Jimmy Seal (born 1950), English footballer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39521598815918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Kevin Seal, MTV VJ in the late 1980s, the host of the pilot of Club MTV", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.50249195098877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Mike Seal (born 1970), Assistant Conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370502471923828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Mutty Lall Seal (1792–1854), Bengali Indian businessman and philanthropist", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.325370788574219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Paul Seal (born 1952), former American football tight end in the National Football League", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.513258934020996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Sudhangshu Seal (born 1945), member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391026496887207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Tong Seal (born 1346), legendary Burmese ruler", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.266242027282715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal, Kent, a village and civil parish in England", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.252933502197266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal, Ohio, an unincorporated community", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.53274154663086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal Beach, California, a city located in Orange County, USA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.545649528503418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal Harbour, Nova Scotia, a community in Guysborough County, Canada", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45511245727539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "*Seal Cay, а island within the Bahamas", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491793632507324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal of the prophets, a title given to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384427070617676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Seal script, ancient Chinese calligraphy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.528016090393066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* Security seal, a device used to show whether a locking device has been opened", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384864807128906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" }, { "answer": "Seal", "passage": "* \"Seal\", a generic term for the surface treatment of sealed roads (and by extension, a term used for the roads themselves)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432229042053223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seal" } ]

[ { "answer": "FOX", "passage": " is a lineage of carnivorans that includes domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, jackals, dingoes, and many other extant and extinct dog-like mammals. A member of this family is called a canid (,). ", "precise_score": -6.276103496551514, "rough_score": -6.605246067047119, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present. The caniforms included the fox-like Leptocyon genus whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines). ", "precise_score": -3.545492649078369, "rough_score": -0.23477813601493835, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "# The South American canids, including the bush dog (Speothos venaticus), hoary fox (Lycalopex uetulus), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and maned wolf.", "precise_score": -8.883918762207031, "rough_score": -9.145567893981934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "DNA analysis shows that the first three form monophyletic clades. The wolf-like canids and the fox-like canids together form the tribe Canini. Molecular data imply a North American origin of living Canidae some ten million years ago and an African origin of wolf-like canines (Canis, Cuon, and Lycaon), with the jackals being the most basal of this group. The South American clade is rooted by the maned wolf and bush dog, and the fox-like canids by the fennec fox and Blanford's fox. The grey fox and island fox are basal to the other clades, however this topological difference is not strongly supported.", "precise_score": -8.867081642150879, "rough_score": -8.39384937286377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The canid family soon subdivided into three subfamilies, each of which diverged during the Eocene: Hesperocyoninae (about 39.74-15 Mya), Borophaginae (about 34-2 Mya), and Caninae (about 34-0 Mya). Caninae is the only surviving subfamily and all present-day canids including wolves, foxes, coyotes, jackals, and domestic dogs belong to it. Members of each subfamily showed an increase in body mass with time, and some exhibited specialised hypercarnivorous diets that made them prone to extinction. ", "precise_score": -9.568138122558594, "rough_score": -9.294235229492188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Tibetan sand fox, Vulpes ferrilata", "precise_score": -7.776839256286621, "rough_score": -9.343758583068848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Foxes are small-to-medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. Foxes are slightly smaller than a medium-size domestic dog, with a flattened skull, upright triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or brush).", "precise_score": -7.353506565093994, "rough_score": -8.003531455993652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Twelve species belong to the monophyletic group of Vulpes genus of \"true foxes\". Approximately another 25 current or extinct species are always or sometimes called foxes; these foxes are either part of the paraphyletic group of the South American foxes, or of the outlying group, which consists of bat-eared fox, gray fox, and island fox. Foxes are found on every continent except Antarctica. By far the most common and widespread species of fox is the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with about 47 recognized subspecies. The global distribution of foxes, together with their widespread reputation for cunning, has contributed to their prominence in popular culture and folklore in many societies around the world. The hunting of foxes with packs of hounds, long an established pursuit in Europe, especially in the British Isles, was exported by European settlers to various parts of the New World.", "precise_score": -8.801953315734863, "rough_score": -7.341513633728027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The word fox comes from Old English, which derived from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz. This in turn derives from Proto-Indo-European *puḱ-, meaning ’thick-haired; tail’. Male foxes are known as dogs, tods or reynards, females as vixens, and young as cubs, pups, or kits, though the latter name is not to be confused with a distinct species called kit foxes. A group of foxes is referred to as a skulk, leash, or earth. ", "precise_score": -8.635358810424805, "rough_score": -6.70693302154541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Foxes are generally smaller than other members of the family Canidae such as wolves, jackals, and domestic dogs. For example, in the largest species, the red fox, males weigh on average between , while the smallest species, the fennec fox, weighs just . Fox-like features typically include a triangular face, pointed ears, an elongated rostrum, and a bushy tail. Foxes are digitigrade, and thus, walk on their toes. Unlike their dog relatives, foxes have partially retractable claws. Fox vibrissae, or whiskers, are black. The whiskers on the muzzle, mystaciae vibrissae, average 100-110mm long, while the whiskers everywhere else on the head average to be shorter in length. Whiskers (carpal vibrissae) are also found on the forelimbs and average to be 40mm long, pointing downward and backward. Other physical characteristics vary according to habitat and its adaptive significance.", "precise_score": -9.468215942382812, "rough_score": -8.053990364074707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "A fox", "passage": "A fox's dentition, like all other canids, is I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 3/2 42. (Bat-eared foxes have six extra molars, totaling in 48 teeth.) Foxes have pronounced carnassial pairs, which is characteristic of a carnivore. These pairs consist of the upper premolar and the lower first molar, and work together to shear tough material like flesh. Foxes' canines are pronounced, also characteristic of a carnivore, and are excellent in gripping prey.", "precise_score": -9.531744956970215, "rough_score": -7.547726154327393, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Foxes are omnivores. The diet of foxes is largely made up of invertebrates such as insects, and small vertebrates such as reptiles and birds, and can include eggs and plants. Many species are generalist predators, but some (such as the crab-eating fox) have more specialized diets. Most species of fox consume around 1 kg of food every day. Foxes cache excess food, burying it for later consumption, usually under leaves, snow, or soil. Foxes tend to use a pouncing technique where they crouch down to camouflage themselves in the terrain, then using their hind legs, leap up with great force to land on top of their targeted prey. Using their pronounced canine teeth, foxes grip on to their prey's neck and either shake until the prey is dead, or until the animal can be disemboweled.", "precise_score": -10.05412483215332, "rough_score": -9.044029235839844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The gray fox is one of only two canine species known to climb trees; the other is the raccoon dog.", "precise_score": -7.3430867195129395, "rough_score": -5.963465690612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Vixens are in heat for one to six days, making their reproductive cycle twelve months long. As with other canines, the ova are shed during estrus without the need for the stimulation of copulating. Once the egg is fertilized, the vixen enters a period of gestation that can last from 52 to 53 days. Foxes tend to have an average litter size of four to five with an 80 percent success rate in becoming pregnant. Litter sizes can vary greatly according to species and environment - the Arctic fox, for example, can have up to eleven kits. ", "precise_score": -10.316872596740723, "rough_score": -8.66545295715332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "There are many records of domesticated red foxes and others, but rarely of sustained domestication. A recent and notable case is the Russian silver fox, which resulted in visible and behavioral changes, and is a case study of an animal population modeling according to human domestication needs. The current group of domesticated silver foxes are the result of nearly fifty years of experiments in the Soviet Union and Russia to domesticate the silver morph of the red fox. This selective breeding resulted in physical and behavioral traits appearing that are frequently seen in domestic cats, dogs, and other animals, such as pigmentation changes, floppy ears, and curly tails. Notably, the new foxes became more tame, allowing themselves to be petted, whimpering to get attention and sniffing and licking their caretakers.Kenneth Mason, Jonathan Losos, Susan Singer, Peter Raven, George Johnson(2011)Biology Ninth Edition, p. 423. McGraw-Hill, New York.ISBN 978-0-07-353222-6.", "precise_score": -9.384684562683105, "rough_score": -9.003157615661621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "A fox", "passage": "The constellation Vulpecula represents a fox. ", "precise_score": -8.430267333984375, "rough_score": -8.950197219848633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time. Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox. The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails. They are mostly social animals, living together in family units or small groups and behaving cooperatively. Typically, only the dominant pair in a group breeds, and a litter of young is reared annually in an underground den. Canids communicate by scent signals and by vocalizations. One canid, the domestic dog (including the dingo), long ago entered into a partnership with humans and today remains one of the most widely kept domestic animals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.121786117553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "# The fox-like canids, which include the kit fox (\"Vulpes aelox\"), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Cape fox (Vulpes chama), Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), and fennec fox (Vulpes zerda).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.255379676818848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "# Various monotypic taxa, including the bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and raccoon dog (Nycteruetes procyonoides).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.776111602783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The formation of the Isthmus of Panama, about 3 Mya, joined South America to North America, allowing canids to invade South America, where they diversified. However the most recent common ancestor of the South American canids lived in North America some 4 Mya and the likelihood is that there were more than one incursion across the new land bridge. One of the resulting lineages consisted of the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargentus) and the now extinct dire wolf (Canis dirus). The other lineage consisted of the so-called South American endemic species, the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), the short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis), the bush dog (Speothos venaticus), the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and the South American foxes (Lycalopex spp.). The monophyly of this group has been established by molecular means.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.402325630187988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Wild canids are found on every continent except Antarctica, and inhabit a wide range of different habitats, including deserts, mountains, forests, and grasslands. They vary in size from the fennec fox, which may be as little as 24 cm in length and weigh , to the gray wolf, which may be up to 160 cm long, and can weigh up to 79 kg. Only a few species are arboreal – the North American gray fox, the closely related Channel Island fox, and the raccoon dog habitually climb trees. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.569801330566406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "All canids are digitigrade, meaning they walk on their toes. The tip of the nose is always naked, as are the cushioned pads on the soles of the feet. These latter consist of a single pad behind the tip of each toe and a more-or-less three-lobed central pad under the roots of the digits. Hairs grow between the pads and in the Arctic fox, the sole of the foot is densely covered with hair at some times of year. With the exception of the four-toed African hunting dog (Lycaon pictus), there are five toes on the forefeet but the pollex (thumb) is reduced and does not reach the ground. On the hind feet, there are four toes, but in some domestic dogs, a fifth vestigial toe, known as a dewclaw, is sometimes present but has no anatomical connection to the rest of the foot. The slightly curved nails are non-retractile and more or less blunt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.95418930053711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": " Most canids have 42 teeth, with a dental formula of: . The bush dog has only one upper molar with two below, the dhole has two above and two below, and the bat-eared fox has three or four upper molars and four lower ones. The molar teeth are strong in most species, allowing the animals to crack open bone to reach the marrow. The deciduous, or baby teeth, formula in canids is , molars being completely absent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.532218933105469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Almost all canids are social animals and live together in groups. In general, they are territorial or have a home range and sleep in the open, using their dens only for breeding and sometimes in bad weather. In most foxes, and in many of the true dogs, a male and female pair work together to hunt and to raise their young. Gray wolves and some of the other larger canids live in larger groups called packs. African wild dogs have packs which may consist of twenty to forty animals, and packs of fewer than about seven individuals may be incapable of successful reproduction. Hunting in packs has the advantage that larger prey items can be tackled. Some species form packs or live in small family groups depending on the circumstances, including the type of available food. In most species, some individuals live on their own. Within a canid pack, there is a system of dominance so that the strongest, most experienced animals lead the pack. In most cases, the dominant male and female are the only pack members to breed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.656825065612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Grey wolves and Arctic foxes also exhibit inbreeding avoidance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.062835693359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Among canids, only the gray wolf has widely been known to prey on humans. Nonetheless, at least two records have coyotes killing humans, and two have golden jackals killing children. Human beings have trapped and hunted some canid species for their fur and, especially the gray wolf, coyote and the red fox, for sport. Canids such as the dhole are now endangered in the wild because of persecution, habitat loss, a depletion of ungulate prey species and transmission of diseases from domestic dogs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.359992980957031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Ethiopian wolf, Canis simensis (also called Abyssinian wolf, simien fox and simien jackal)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.087565422058105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374354362487793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Darwin's fox, Lycalopex fulvipes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304338455200195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** South American gray fox, Lycalopex griseus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.340935707092285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Pampas fox, Lycalopex gymnocercus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38554573059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "A fox", "passage": "*** Sechura fox, Lycalopex sechurae", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280431747436523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Hoary fox, Lycalopex vetulus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285423278808594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "* True foxes – Tribe Vulpini", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.173469543457031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.773642539978027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Red fox, Vulpes vulpes (1 Mya to present) including a domesticated silver fox", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.990303039550781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Swift fox, Vulpes velox", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.522771835327148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Kit fox, Vulpes macrotis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.182783126831055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Corsac fox, Vulpes corsac", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.545744895935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Cape fox, Vulpes chama", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.490347862243652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Pale fox, Vulpes pallida", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.15744400024414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Bengal fox, Vulpes bengalensis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.598511695861816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Blanford's fox, Vulpes cana", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.045547485351562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Rüppell's fox, Vulpes rueppelli", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.598636627197266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Fennec fox, Vulpes zerda", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.478241920471191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363931655883789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Island fox, Urocyon littoralis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.470558166503906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Cozumel fox, Urocyon sp.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310858726501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "*** Bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303257942199707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Canidae" }, { "answer": "A fox", "passage": "Fox species differ in fur color, length, and density. Coat colors range from pearly white to black and white to black flecked with white or grey on the underside. Fennec foxes (and other species of fox adapted to life in the desert, such as kit foxes), for example, have large ears and short fur to aid in keeping the body cool. Arctic foxes, on the other hand, have tiny ears and short limbs as well as thick, insulating fur, which aid in keeping the body warm. Red foxes, by contrast, have a typical auburn pelt, the tail normally ending with white marking. A fox's coat color and texture may vary due to the change in seasons; fox pelts are richer and denser in the colder months and lighter in the warmer months. To get rid of the dense winter coat, foxes moult once a year around April; the process begins from the feet, up the legs, and then along the back. Coat color may also change as the individual ages.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.565081596374512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "A fox", "passage": "In the wild, the typical lifespan of a fox is one to three years, although individuals may live up to ten years. Unlike many canids, foxes are not always pack animals. Typically, they live in small family groups, but some (Arctic foxes) are known to be solitary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.625518798828125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The male fox's scrotum is held close to the body with the testes inside even after they descend. Like other canines, the male fox has a baculum, or penile bone. The testes of red foxes are smaller than those of Arctic foxes. Sperm formation in red foxes begins in August–September, with the testicles attaining their greatest weight in December–February. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.696616172790527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The fox's vocal repertoire is vast:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317793846130371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "* Whine - Made shortly after birth. Occurs at a high rate when kits are hungry and when their body temperatures are low. Whining stimulates the mother to care for her young; it also has been known to stimulate the male fox into caring for his mate and kits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225122451782227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "* Growl - An adult fox's indication to their kits to feed or head to the adult's location.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.406801223754883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "* Bark - Adult foxes warn against intruders and in defense by barking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96171760559082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "In the case of domesticated foxes, the whining seems to remain in adult individuals as a sign of excitement and submission in the presence of their owners.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.512571334838867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Canids commonly known as foxes include the following genera and species:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.254311561584473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Several fox species are endangered in their native environments. Pressures placed on foxes include habitat loss and being hunted for pelts, other trade, or control. Due in part to their opportunistic hunting style and industriousness, foxes are commonly resented as nuisance animals. On the other hand, foxes, while often considered pests themselves, have been successfully employed to control pests on fruit farms while leaving the fruit intact. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.402359008789062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Island fox (Urocyon littoralis)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265420913696289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The island fox, though considered a near-threatened species throughout the world, is becoming increasingly endangered in its endemic environment of the California Channel Islands. A population on an island is smaller than those on the mainland because of limited resources like space, food and shelter. Island populations, therefore, are highly susceptible to external threats ranging from introduced predatory species and humans to extreme weather. On the California Channel Islands, it was found that the population of the island fox was so low due to an outbreak of canine distemper virus from 1999 to 2000 as well as predation by non-native golden eagles. Since 1993, the eagles have caused the population to decline by as much as 95%. Because of the low number of foxes, the population went through an Allee effect; this is where at low enough densities, an individual's fitness decreases. Conservationists, therefore, had to take healthy breeding pairs out of the wild population to breed them in captivity until they had enough foxes to release back into the wild. Nonnative grazers were also removed so that native plants would be able to grow back to their natural height, thereby providing adequate cover and protection for the foxes against golden eagles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.218767166137695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Darwin's fox (Pseudalopex fulvipes)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167027473449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "A fox", "passage": "Darwin's fox is considered critically endangered because of their small known population of 250 mature individuals as well as their restricted distribution. On the Chilean mainland, the population is limited to Nahuelbuta National Park and the surrounding Valdivian rainforest. Similarly on Chiloé Island, their population is limited to the forests that extend from the southernmost to the northwestern most part of the island. Though the Nahuelbuta National Park is protected, 90% of the species live on Chiloé Island. A major problem the species faces, therefore, is their dwindling, limited habitat due to the cutting and burning of the unprotected forests. Because of deforestation, the Darwin's fox habitat is shrinking, allowing for their competitor's (chilla fox) preferred habitat of open space, to increase; the Darwin's fox, subsequently, is being outcompeted. Another problem they face is their inability to fight off diseases transmitted by the increasing number of pet dogs. To conserve these animals, researchers suggest the need for the forests that link the Nahuelbuta National Park to the coast of Chile and in turn Chiloé Island and its forests, to be protected. They also suggest that other forests around Chile be examined to determine whether Darwin's foxes have previously existed there or can live there in the future, should the need to reintroduce the species to those areas arise. And finally, the researchers advise for the creation of a captive breeding program, in Chile, because of the limited number of mature individuals in the wild.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.664312362670898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Foxes are often considered pests or nuisance creatures for their opportunistic attacks on poultry and other small livestock. Fox attacks on humans are not common. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.491621017456055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Many foxes adapt well to human environments, with several species classified as \"resident urban carnivores\" for their ability to sustain populations entirely within urban boundaries.Iossa, G. et al. [http://books.google.com/books?id", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304069519042969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "fox+urban+environment&hlen&sa", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.451547622680664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "fox%20urban%20environment&ffalse A Taxonomic Analysis of Urban Carnivore Ecology], from Urban Carnivores. Stanley Gehrt et al. eds. 2010. p.174. Foxes in urban areas can live longer and can have smaller litter sizes than foxes in non-urban areas. Urban foxes are ubiquitous in Europe, where they show altered behaviors compared to non-urban foxes, including increased population density, smaller territory, and pack foraging. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.643281936645508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Foxes have been introduced in numerous locations, with varying effects on indigenous flora and fauna.See generally Long, John. [http://books.google.com/books?id", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298412322998047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "fox+introduced+australia&hlen&sa", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441946983337402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "fox%20introduced%20australia&f=false Introduced Mammals of the World]. 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214472770690918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Fox hunting", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20409870147705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Fox hunting originated in the United Kingdom in the 16th century. Hunting with dogs is now banned in the United Kingdom, though hunting without dogs is still permitted. Red foxes were introduced into Australia in the early 19th century for sport, and have since become widespread through much of the country. They've caused population decline among many native species and prey on livestock, especially new lambs. Fox hunting is practiced as recreation in several other countries including Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, Russia and the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.517026901245117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Urban foxes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.881816864013672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Foxes, particularly red foxes, have been inhabiting and breeding in human-populated areas since the twentieth century. They have adapted well to these environments, taking advantage of man-made features such as houses and gardens to create dens. For sustenance, they take advantage of food thrown away by humans. In some cases, human residents will feed foxes that frequent their local area. In this sense, a benign relationship has been established in which foxes have become comfortable and amiable toward the humans who, while becoming their providers, do not much mind the presence of the foxes. However, for some, urban foxes have proven to be a nuisance due to their intrusion and destruction of private property. Urban fox control methods and laws vary regionally. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.47024917602539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "The fox appears in many cultures, usually in folklore. However, there are slight variations in their depictions in folklore. In Western folklore and also in Persian folklore, foxes are depicted as a symbol of cunning and trickery – a reputation derived especially from their reputed ability to evade hunters. This is usually represented as a character possessing these traits. These traits are used on a wide variety of characters, either making them a nuisance to the story, a misunderstood hero, or a devious villain.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.512181282043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "In Asian folklore, foxes are depicted as a familiar spirit possessed of magic powers. Similar to Western folklore, foxes are depicted as mischievous, usually tricking other people, with the ability to disguise as an attractive female human. However, there are other depictions of foxes as a mystical, sacred creature, that can either bring wonder or ruin. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.479844093322754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "Nine-tailed foxes appear in Chinese folklore, literature, and mythology, in which, depending on the tale can be a good or a bad omen. The motif was eventually introduced from Chinese to Japanese and Korean cultures. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.767190933227539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" }, { "answer": "FOX", "passage": "In some countries, foxes are major predators of rabbits and hens. Population oscillations of these two species were the first nonlinear oscillation studied, and led to the now-famous Lotka-Volterra equation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.840237617492676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox" } ]

[ { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Still the term was largely unknown until the early 1990s when Anita Hill witnessed and testified against Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas. Since Hill testified in 1991, the number of sexual harassment cases reported in US and Canada increased 58 percent and have climbed steadily.", "precise_score": -1.698036551475525, "rough_score": -3.4336862564086914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sexual harassment" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas, by then a federal Circuit Judge, to succeed retiring Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall on the Supreme Court. Senate hearings on his confirmation were initially completed with Thomas's good character being presented as a primary qualification for the high court because he had only been a judge for slightly more than one year. There had been little organized opposition to Thomas's nomination, and his confirmation seemed assured until a report of a private interview of Hill by the FBI was leaked to the press. The hearings were then reopened, and Hill was called to publicly testify. Hill said in the October 1991 televised hearings that Thomas had sexually harassed her while he was her supervisor at the Department of Education and the EEOC. When questioned on why she followed Thomas to the second job after he had already allegedly harassed her, she said working in a reputable position within the civil rights field had been her ambition. The position was appealing enough to inhibit her to go back into private practice with her previous firm. She only realized later in her life that this ambitious venture was a poor judgement and also explained that \"at that time, it appeared that the sexual overtures ... had ended.\" ", "precise_score": 1.254522681236267, "rough_score": 2.9541354179382324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "The manner in which the all-male Senate Judiciary Committee challenged and dismissed Hill's accusations of sexual harassment angered women politicians and lawyers. According to D.C. Congressional Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, Hill's treatment by the panel also said to be a contributing factor to the large number of women elected to Congress in 1992, \"women clearly went to the polls with the notion in mind that you had to have more women in Congress\", she said. In their anthology, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave, editors Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell Scott and Barbara Smith described black feminists mobilizing \"a remarkable national response to the Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas controversy.", "precise_score": -5.1225714683532715, "rough_score": -3.2732107639312744, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "File:Clarence Thomas official SCOTUS portrait.jpg| Clarence Thomas", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299739837646484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Anita Faye Hill (born July 30, 1956) is an American attorney and academic. She is a University Professor of Social Policy, Law, and Women's Studies at Brandeis University and a faculty member of Brandeis' Heller School for Social Policy and Management. She became a national figure in 1991 when she accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas, her boss at the U.S. Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, of sexual harassment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.888069152832031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "She was admitted to the District of Columbia Bar in 1980 and began her law career as an associate with the Washington, D.C. firm of Wald, Harkrader & Ross. In 1981, she became an attorney-adviser to Clarence Thomas who was then the Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights. When Thomas became Chairman of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in 1982, Hill went along to serve as his assistant, leaving the job in 1983.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.43598461151123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Clarence Thomas controversy ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.908970832824707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "High-tech lynching", "passage": "Hill agreed to take a polygraph test. The results supported the veracity of her statements; Thomas declined the test. He made a vehement and complete denial, saying that he was being subjected to a \"high-tech lynching for uppity blacks\" by white liberals who were seeking to block a black conservative from taking a seat on the Supreme Court. After extensive debate, the United States Senate confirmed Thomas to the Supreme Court by a vote of 52–48, the narrowest margin since the 19th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.442909240722656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 2007, Clarence Thomas published his autobiography, My Grandfather's Son, in which he revisited the controversy, calling Hill his \"most traitorous adversary\" and saying that pro-choice liberals, who feared that he would vote to overturn Roe v. Wade if he were seated on the Supreme Court, used the scandal against him. He described Hill as touchy and apt to overreact, and her work at the EEOC as mediocre. He acknowledged that three other former EEOC employees had backed Hill's story, but said they had all left the agency on bad terms. He also wrote that Hill \"was a left-winger who'd never expressed any religious sentiments whatsoever...and the only reason why she'd held a job in the Reagan administration was because I'd given it to her.\" Hill denied the accusations in an op-ed in the New York Times saying she would not \"stand by silently and allow [Justice Thomas], in his anger, to reinvent me\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.469854354858398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 1995 Hill co-edited Race, Gender and Power in America: The Legacy of the Hill-Thomas Hearings with Emma Coleman Jordan. In 1997 Hill published her autobiography, Speaking Truth to Power, in which she chronicled her role in the Clarence Thomas confirmation controversy and wrote that creating a better society had been a motivating force in her life. She contributed the piece \"The Nature of the Beast: Sexual Harassment\" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan. In 2011 Hill published her second book, Reimagining Equality: Stories of Gender, Race, and Finding Home, which focuses on the sub-prime lending crisis that resulted in the foreclosure of many homes owned by African-Americans. She calls for a new understanding about the importance of a home and its place in the American Dream. On March 26, 2015, the Brandeis Board of Trustees unanimously voted to recognize Hill with a promotion to Private University Professor of Social Policy, Law, and Women's Studies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.204142570495605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 1999, Ernest Dickerson directed Strange Justice, a film based on Anita vs. Clarence Thomas controversy. Her case also inspired the 1994 Law & Order episode \"Virtue\", about a young lawyer who feels pressured to sleep with her supervisor at her law firm. Hill was the subject of the 2013 documentary film Anita by director Freida Lee Mock, which chronicles her experience during the Clarence Thomas scandal. Hill was portrayed by actress Kerry Washington in the 2016 HBO film Confirmation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.600059509277344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" } ]

[ { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "Arthur \"Art\" Clokey (October 12, 1921 – January 8, 2010) was an American pioneer in the popularization of stop motion clay animation, best known as the creator of the character Gumby. Clokey's career began in 1955 with a film experiment called Gumbasia, which was influenced by his professor, Slavko Vorkapich, at the University of Southern California. Clokey and his wife Ruth subsequently came up with the clay character Gumby and his horse Pokey, who first appeared in the Howdy Doody Show, and later got their own series The Adventures of Gumby, with which they became a familiar presence on American television. The characters enjoyed a renewal of interest in the 1980s when American actor and comedian Eddie Murphy parodied Gumby in a skit on Saturday Night Live. In the 1990s Gumby: The Movie was released, sparking even more interest.", "precise_score": 6.028039455413818, "rough_score": 6.105532169342041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Art Clokey" }, { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "Dominating children's TV stop motion programming for three decades in America was Art Clokey's Gumby series—which spawned a feature film, Gumby I in 1995—using both freeform and character clay animation. Clokey started his adventures in clay with a 1953 freeform clay short film called Gumbasia (1953) which shortly thereafter propelled him into his more structured Gumby TV series.", "precise_score": 1.2919470071792603, "rough_score": 2.273191213607788, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stop motion" }, { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "Clokey was born Arthur Charles Farrington in Detroit, Michigan. When he was nine years old, his parents divorced and he stayed with his father, Charles Farrington. After his father died in a car accident, he went to live with his mother in California, but his stepfather had no interest in raising another man's son, and so Arthur was sent to an orphanage. When he was 11 or 12, he was adopted by Joseph W. Clokey, a classical music composer and organist who taught music at Pomona College in Claremont, California. He schooled Arthur in painting, drawing, and film making while also taking him on journeys to Canada and Mexico. The aesthetic environment later became the home of Clokey's most famous character, Gumby, whose name derives from his childhood experiences during summer visits to his grandfather's farm, when he enjoyed playing with the clay and mud mixture called \"gumbo\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9419944286346436, "source": "wiki", "title": "Art Clokey" }, { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "Art Clokey also made a few highly experimental and visually inventive short clay animation films for adults, including his first student film Gumbasia (produced in 1953 and released in 1955), the visually rich Mandala (1977) — described by Clokey as a metaphor for evolving human consciousness — and the equally bizarre The Clay Peacock (1963), an elaboration on the animated NBC logo of the time. Consisting of animated clay shapes contorting to a jazz score, Gumbasia so intrigued Samuel G. Engel, then president of the Motion Pictures Producers Association, that he financed the pilot film for what became Clokey's The Gumby Show (1957). The title Gumbasia was in homage to Walt Disney's Fantasia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1178231239318848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Art Clokey" }, { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "The Clokeys are credited with the clay-animation title sequences for the 1965 beach movies Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine and How to Stuff a Wild Bikini. His son, Joe Clokey, continued the Davey and Goliath cartoon in 2004. In March 2007, KQED-TV broadcast the hour-long documentary Gumby Dharma as part of their Truly CA series. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8933553695678711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Art Clokey" }, { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "In 1995, Clokey and Dallas McKennon teamed up again for Gumby: The Movie, a feature film. The movie was not a success at the box office and was widely panned by critics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.727696895599365, "source": "wiki", "title": "Art Clokey" }, { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "In the mid-1990s, Nickelodeon, Fox and Cartoon Network signed a contract with Art Clokey to air every episode of Gumby for its anchor spots at 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. It was on top of their ratings for over three years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.568160057067871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Art Clokey" }, { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "Some of the best-known clay-animated works include the Gumby series of television show segments (created by Art Clokey), The California Raisins advertising campaign by Will Vinton Productions studio and The WB's The PJs, produced by and featuring the voice of Eddie Murphy. Clay animation has also been used in Academy Award-winning short films such as \"Closed Mondays\" (Will Vinton and Bob Gardiner, 1974), \"The Sand Castle\" (1977), Creature Comforts (Aardman, 1989), and all four Wallace & Gromit short films, created by Nick Park of Aardman Animations. Aardman also created The Presentators, a series of one-minute clay-animation/CGI short films aired on Nickelodeon UK. Some clay animations appear online, on such sites as Newgrounds. In addition, many of the Rankin-Bass holiday specials were clay-animated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2191272974014282, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clay animation" }, { "answer": "Gumby", "passage": "The character Gumby can shape shift into anything.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04415512084961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Shapeshifting" } ]

[ { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Rifling consists of helical grooves in the barrel of a gun or firearm, which imparts a spin to a projectile around its long axis. This spin serves to gyroscopically stabilize the projectile, improving its aerodynamic stability and accuracy.", "precise_score": 7.828724384307861, "rough_score": 9.057319641113281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "The grooves most commonly used in modern rifling have fairly sharp edges. More recently, polygonal rifling, a throwback to the earliest types of rifling, has become popular, especially in handguns. Polygonal barrels tend to have longer service lives because the reduction of the sharp edges of the land (the grooves are the spaces that are cut out, and the resulting ridges are called lands) reduces erosion of the barrel. Supporters of polygonal rifling also claim higher velocities and greater accuracy. Polygonal rifling is currently seen on pistols from CZ, Heckler & Koch, Glock, Tanfoglio, and Kahr Arms, as well as the Desert Eagle.", "precise_score": 0.2953176498413086, "rough_score": 0.5900450348854065, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "The grooves are the spaces that are cut out, and the resulting ridges are called lands. These lands and grooves can vary in number, depth, shape, direction of twist (right or left), and twist rate (see below). The spin imparted by rifling significantly improves the stability of the projectile, improving both range and accuracy. Typically rifling is a constant rate down the barrel, usually measured by the length of travel required to produce a single turn. Occasionally firearms are encountered with a gain twist, where the rate of spin increases from chamber to muzzle. While intentional gain twists are rare, due to manufacturing variance, a slight gain twist is in fact fairly common. Since a reduction in twist rate is very detrimental to accuracy, gunsmiths who are machining a new barrel from a rifled blank will often measure the twist carefully so they may put the faster rate, no matter how minute the difference is, at the muzzle end (see internal ballistics for more information on accuracy and bore characteristics).", "precise_score": 4.964420795440674, "rough_score": 4.910346031188965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "A barrel of circular cross-section is not capable of imparting a spin to a projectile, so a rifled barrel has a non-circular cross-section. Typically the rifled barrel contains one or more grooves that run down its length, giving it a cross-section resembling an internal gear, though it can also take the shape of a polygon, usually with rounded corners. Since the barrel is not circular in cross-section, it cannot be accurately described with a single diameter. Rifled bores may be described by the bore diameter (the diameter across the lands or high points in the rifling), or by groove diameter (the diameter across the grooves or low points in the rifling). Differences in naming conventions for cartridges can cause confusion; for example, the projectiles of the .303 British are actually slightly larger in diameter than the projectiles of the .308 Winchester, because the \".303\" refers to the bore diameter in inches, while the \".308\" refers to the groove diameter in inches (7.70 mm and 7.82 mm, respectively).", "precise_score": 3.380293130874634, "rough_score": 3.555732011795044, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Despite differences in form, the common goal of rifling is to deliver the projectile accurately to the target. In addition to imparting the spin to the bullet, the barrel must hold the projectile securely and concentrically as it travels down the barrel. This requires that the rifling meet a number of tasks:", "precise_score": 0.9070930480957031, "rough_score": 2.5072896480560303, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "The original firearms were loaded from the muzzle by forcing a ball from the muzzle to the chamber. Whether using a rifled or smooth bore, a good fit was needed to seal the bore and provide the best possible accuracy from the gun. To ease the force required to load the projectile, these early guns used an undersized ball, and a patch made of cloth, paper, or leather to fill the windage (the gap between the ball and the walls of the bore). The patch provided some degree of sealing, kept the ball seated on the charge of black powder, and kept the ball concentric to the bore. In rifled barrels, the patch also provided a means to transfer the spin from the rifling to the bullet, as the patch is engraved rather than the ball. Until the advent of the hollow-base Minié ball, which obturates upon firing to seal the bore and engage the rifling, the patch provided the best means of getting the projectile to engage the rifling. ", "precise_score": -1.593573808670044, "rough_score": 1.4558441638946533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "The throat is usually sized slightly larger than the projectile, so the loaded cartridge can be inserted and removed easily, but the throat should be as close as practical to the groove diameter of the barrel. Upon firing, the projectile expands under the pressure from the chamber, and obturates to fit the throat. The bullet then travels down the throat and engages the rifling, where it is engraved, and begins to spin. Engraving the projectile requires a significant amount of force, and in some firearms there is a significant amount of freebore, which helps keep chamber pressures low by allowing the propellant gases to expand before being required to engrave the projectile. Minimizing freebore improves accuracy by decreasing the chance that a projectile will distort before entering the rifling. ", "precise_score": 0.6062355637550354, "rough_score": 3.911440372467041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "For best performance, the barrel should have a twist rate sufficient to spin stabilize any bullet that it would reasonably be expected to fire, but not significantly more. Large diameter bullets provide more stability, as the larger radius provides more gyroscopic inertia, while long bullets are harder to stabilize, as they tend to be very backheavy and the aerodynamic pressures have a longer arm (\"lever\") to act on. The slowest twist rates are found in muzzleloading firearms meant to fire a round ball; these will have twist rates as low as 1 in 72 in, or slightly longer, although for a typical multi-purpose muzzleloader rifle, a twist rate of 1 in 48 in is very common. The M16A2 rifle, which is designed to fire the 5.56×45mm NATO SS109 ball and L110 tracer bullets, has a 1 in 7 in or 32 calibers twist. Civilian AR-15 rifles are commonly found with 1 in 12 in or 54.8 calibers for older rifles and 1 in 9 in or 41.1 calibers for most newer rifles, although some are made with 1 in 7 in or 32 calibers twist rates, the same as used for the M16 rifle. Rifles, which generally fire longer, smaller diameter bullets, will in general have higher twist rates than handguns, which fire shorter, larger diameter bullets.", "precise_score": 1.1183669567108154, "rough_score": 1.4082181453704834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Conversely, too-high a rate of twist can also cause problems. The excessive twist can cause accelerated barrel wear, and coupled with high velocities also induce a very high spin rate which can cause projectile jacket ruptures causing high velocity spin stabilized projectiles to disintegrate in flight. Projectiles made out of mono metals cannot practically achieve flight and spin velocities such that they disintegrate in flight due to their spin rate. Smokeless powder can produce muzzle velocities of approximately 1600 m/s for spin stabilized projectiles and more advanced propellants used in smoothbore tank guns can produce muzzle velocities of approximately 1800 m/s. A higher twist than needed can also cause more subtle problems with accuracy: Any inconsistency within the bullet, such as a void that causes an unequal distribution of mass, may be magnified by the spin. Undersized bullets also have problems, as they may not enter the rifling exactly concentric and coaxial to the bore, and excess twist will exacerbate the accuracy problems this causes.", "precise_score": -0.3781982958316803, "rough_score": 1.032671570777893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Rifling is often described by its twist rate, which indicates the distance the rifling takes to complete one full revolution, such as \"1 turn in 10 inches\" (1:10 inches), or \"1 turn in 254 mm\" (1:254 mm). A shorter distance indicates a \"faster\" twist, meaning that for a given velocity the projectile will be rotating at a higher spin rate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.843747615814209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "The combination of length, weight and shape of a projectile determines the twist rate needed to stabilize it – barrels intended for short, large-diameter projectiles like spherical lead balls require a very low twist rate, such as 1 turn in 48 inches (122 cm). Barrels intended for long, small-diameter bullets, such as the ultra-low-drag, 80-grain 0.223 inch bullets (5.2 g, 5.56 mm), use twist rates of 1 turn in 8 inches (20 cm) or faster. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.785328388214111, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "In some cases, rifling will have twist rates that increase down the length of the barrel, called a gain twist or progressive twist; a twist rate that decreases from breech to muzzle is undesirable, as it cannot reliably stabilize the bullet as it travels down the bore. Extremely long projectiles such as flechettes may require impractically high twist rates; these projectiles must be inherently stable, and are often fired from a smoothbore barrel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8037102222442627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Barrel rifling was invented in Augsburg, Germany at the end of the fifteenth century. In 1520 August Kotter, an armourer of Nuremberg, Germany improved upon this work. Though true rifling dates from the mid-16th century, it did not become commonplace until the nineteenth century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.050237655639648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "The concept of stabilizing the flight of a projectile by spinning it was known in the days of bows and arrows, but early firearms using black powder had difficulty with rifling because of the fouling left behind by the combustion of the powder. The most successful weapons using rifling with black powder were breech loaders such as the Queen Anne pistol.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.607700824737549, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Polygonal rifling", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254505157470703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "For tanks and artillery pieces, the extended range, full bore concept developed by Gerald Bull for the GC-45 howitzer reverses the normal rifling idea by using a projectile with small fins that ride in the grooves, as opposed to using a slightly oversized projectile which is forced into the grooves. Such guns have achieved significant increases in muzzle velocity and range. Examples include the South African G5 and the German PzH 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7102033495903015, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Gain-twist rifling", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273520469665527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Gain-twist rifling begins with very little change in the projectile's angular momentum during the first few inches of bullet travel after ignition during the transition from chamber to throat. This enables the bullet to remain essentially undisturbed and trued to the case mouth. After engaging the rifling the bullet is progressively subjected to accelerated angular momentum as burning powder propels it down the barrel. By only gradually increasing the spin rate, torque is spread along a much longer section of barrel, rather than only at the throat where rifling is eroded through repeated rifling engagement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.058736562728882, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Gain-twist rifling was used as early as the American Civil War (1861–65). Colt Army and Navy revolvers both employed gain-twist rifling. Gain-twist rifling, however, is more difficult to produce than uniform rifling, and therefore is more expensive. The military has used gain-twist rifling in a variety of weapons such as the M61 Vulcan Gatling gun used in many current fighter jets and the larger GAU-8 Avenger Gatling gun used in the A10 Thunderbolt II close air support jet. In these applications it allows lighter construction of the barrels by decreasing chamber pressures through the use of low initial twist rates but ensuring the projectiles have sufficient stability once they leave the barrel. It is seldom used in commercially available products, though notably on the Smith & Wesson Model 460 (X-treme Velocity Revolver.) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.350606918334961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "Most rifling is created by either:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.187609672546387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "*cutting one groove at a time with a machine tool (cut rifling or single point cut rifling);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.724848747253418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "*cutting all grooves in one pass with a special progressive broaching bit (broached rifling);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.87492847442627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "*pressing all grooves at once with a tool called a \"button\" that is pushed or pulled down the barrel (button rifling);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.43982458114624, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "*forging the barrel over a mandrel containing a reverse image of the rifling, and often the chamber as well (hammer forging);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.219118118286133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "*flow forming the barrel preform over a mandrel containing a reverse image of the rifling (rifling by flow forming)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.965158462524414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "*The rifling should be consistent down the length of the bore, without changes in cross-section, such as variations in groove width or spacing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.843018531799316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "*The chamber and crown must smoothly transition the projectile into and out of the rifling.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.268250942230225, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "When the projectile is swaged into the rifling, it takes on a mirror image of the rifling, as the lands push into the projectile in a process called engraving. Engraving takes on not only the major features of the bore, such as the lands and grooves, but also minor features, like scratches and tool marks. The relationship between the bore characteristics and the engraving on the projectile are often used in forensic ballistics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.202697277069092, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "In breech-loading firearms, the task of seating the projectile into the rifling is handled by the throat of the chamber. Next is the freebore, which is the portion of the throat down which the projectile travels before the rifling starts. The last section of the throat is the throat angle, where the throat transitions into the rifled barrel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.773005962371826, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "Twist rate", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362170219421387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "Expressing twist rate", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36755084991455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "There are three methods in use to describe the twist rate:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.188604354858398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifled barrel", "passage": "The, traditionally speaking, most common method expresses the twist rate in terms of the 'travel' (length) required to complete one full projectile revolution in the rifled barrel. This method does not give an easy or straightforward understanding of whether a twist rate is relatively slow or fast when bores of different diameters are compared.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.002567768096924, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifled", "passage": "The second method describes the 'rifled travel' required to complete one full projectile revolution in calibers or bore diameters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.116573333740234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "* Twist = twist rate expressed in bore diameters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173995971679688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "Note that the latter two methods have the inherent advantage of expressing twist rate as a ratio and give an easy understanding if a twist rate is relatively slow or fast even when comparing bores of differing diameters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037504196166992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "Twist rate and bullet stability", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.505890846252441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "In 1879, George Greenhill, a professor of mathematics at the Royal Military Academy (RMA) at Woolwich, London, UK developed a rule of thumb for calculating the optimal twist rate for lead-core bullets. This shortcut uses the bullet's length, needing no allowances for weight or nose shape. The eponymous Greenhill Formula, still used today, is:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.327372550964355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "The original value of C was 150, which yields a twist rate in inches per turn, when given the diameter D and the length L of the bullet in inches. This works to velocities of about 840 m/s (2800 ft/s); above those velocities, a C of 180 should be used. For instance, with a velocity of 600 m/s (2000 ft/s), a diameter of and a length of , the Greenhill formula would give a value of 25, which means 1 turn in 25 in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0139799118042, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "Improved formulas for determining stability and twist rates include the Miller Twist Rule and the McGyro program developed by Bill Davis and Robert McCoy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.239441871643066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "If an insufficient twist rate is used, the bullet will begin to yaw and then tumble; this is usually seen as \"keyholing\", where bullets leave elongated holes in the target as they strike at an angle. Once the bullet starts to yaw, any hope of accuracy is lost, as the bullet will begin to veer off in random directions as it precesses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.147632598876953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifled barrel", "passage": "A bullet fired from a rifled barrel can spin at over 300,000 rpm (5 kHz), depending on the bullet's muzzle velocity and the barrel's twist rate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.131187915802002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Rifling", "passage": "A bullet that matches the rifling of the firing barrel will exit that barrel with a spin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.25900936126709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "where \\upsilon_0 is the muzzle velocity and L is the twist rate. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.572728157043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" }, { "answer": "Twist rate", "passage": "For example, an M4 Carbine with a twist rate of 1 in 7 in and a muzzle velocity of 3050 ft/s will give the bullet a spin of 930 m/s / 0.1778 m = 5.2 kHz (314,000 rpm).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.708829879760742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rifling" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "South Park has received numerous accolades, including five Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, and numerous inclusions in various publications' lists of greatest television shows. The show's popularity resulted in a feature-length theatrical film, South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut which was released in June 1999, less than two years after the show's premiere, and became a commercial and critical success. In 2013, TV Guide ranked South Park the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time. ", "precise_score": -10.344386100769043, "rough_score": -10.076382637023926, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "On October 16, 2013, the show failed to meet their production deadline for the first time ever, after a power outage on October 15 at the production studio prevented the episode, season 17's \"Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers\", from being finished in time. The episode was rescheduled to air a week later on October 23, 2013. In July 2015, South Park was renewed through 2019; extending the show through season 23 with 304 episodes overall. ", "precise_score": -10.311615943908691, "rough_score": -9.914753913879395, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Natasha Henstridge, Norman Lear, and Peter Serafinowicz have guest starred as other speaking characters. During South Park's earliest seasons, several high-profile celebrities inquired about guest-starring on the show. As a joke, Parker and Stone responded by offering low-profile, non-speaking roles, most of which were accepted; George Clooney provided the barks for Stan's dog Sparky in the season one (1997) episode \"Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride\", Leno provided the meows for Cartman's cat in the season one finale \"Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut\", and Henry Winkler voiced the various growls and grunts of a kid-eating monster in the season two (1998) episode \"City on the Edge of Forever\". Jerry Seinfeld offered to lend his voice for the Thanksgiving episode \"Starvin' Marvin\", but declined to appear when he was only offered a role as \"Turkey #2\". ", "precise_score": -10.75267219543457, "rough_score": -9.329039573669434, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Adam Berry, the show's original score composer, used sound synthesis to simulate a small orchestra, and frequently alluded to existing famous pieces of music. Berry also used signature acoustic guitar and mandolin cues as leitmotifs for the show's establishing shots. After Berry left in 2001, Jamie Dunlap and Scott Nickoley of the Los Angeles-based Mad City Production Studios provided the show's original music for the next seven seasons. Since 2008, Dunlap has been credited as the show's sole score composer. Dunlap's contributions to the show are one of the few that are not achieved at the show's own production offices. Dunlap reads a script, creates a score using digital audio software, and then e-mails the audio file to South Park Studios, where it is edited to fit with the completed episode.", "precise_score": -11.058985710144043, "rough_score": -9.258584976196289, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Internationally, South Park is broadcast in India, New Zealand, and several countries throughout Europe and Latin America on channels that are divisions of Comedy Central and MTV Networks, both subsidiaries of Viacom. In distribution deals with Comedy Central, other independent networks also broadcast the series in other international markets. In Australia, the show is broadcast on The Comedy Channel, SBS One (Season 1–13 edited and 14–15 Uncut) & SBS2 (Season 16 Uncut). The series is broadcast uncensored in Canada in English on The Comedy Network and, later, Much. South Park also airs on TG4 in Ireland, STV in Scotland, Comedy Central and MTV in the UK (previously on Channel 4) and B92 in Serbia. ", "precise_score": -10.807140350341797, "rough_score": -9.886114120483398, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Broadcast syndication rights to South Park were acquired by Debmar-Mercury and Tribune Entertainment in 2003 and 2004 respectively. Episodes further edited for content began running in syndication on September 19, 2005, and are aired in the United States with the TV-14 rating. 20th Television replaced Tribune as co-distributor in early 2008. The series is currently aired in syndication in 90 percent of the television markets across the U.S. and Canada, where it generates an estimated US$25 million a year in advertising revenue. ", "precise_score": -10.9901762008667, "rough_score": -9.837087631225586, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "In July 2014 it was announced that Hulu had signed a three-year deal purchasing exclusive online streaming rights to the South Park for a reported 80 million dollars. Following the announcement every episode remained available for free on the South Park Studios website, using the Hulu player. As of September 2014, following the premiere of the eighteenth season, only 30 select episodes are featured for free viewing at a time on a rationing basis on the website, with new episodes being available for an entire month starting the day following their original airings. The entire series will be available for viewing on Hulu Plus.", "precise_score": -10.93992805480957, "rough_score": -9.140145301818848, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "By the third season (1999), the series' ratings began to decrease. The third season premiere episode drew 3.4 million viewers, a dramatic drop from the 5.5 million of the previous season's premiere. Stone and Parker attributed this drop in the show's ratings to the media hype that surrounded the show in the previous year, adding that the third season ratings reflected the show's \"true\" fan base. The show's ratings dropped further in its fourth season (2000), with episodes averaging just above 1.5 million viewers. The ratings eventually increased, and seasons five through nine consistently averaged about 3 million viewers per episode. Though its viewership is lower than it was at the height of its popularity in its earliest seasons, South Park remains one of the highest-rated series on Comedy Central. The season 14 (2010) premiere gained 3.7 million viewers, the show's highest-rated season premiere since 1998. ", "precise_score": -9.841888427734375, "rough_score": -10.098772048950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Merchandising related to the show is an industry which generates several million dollars a year. In 1998, the top-selling specialty T-shirt in the United States was based on South Park, and US$30 million in T-shirt sales was reached during the show's first season.", "precise_score": -8.5830659866333, "rough_score": -8.960273742675781, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "Cheesy Poofs", "passage": "Comedy Central entered into an agreement with Frito-Lay to sell 1.5 million bags of Cheesy Poofs, Cartman's favorite snack from the show, at Walmart until the premiere of the second half of the fifteenth season on October 5, 2011.", "precise_score": 6.560465335845947, "rough_score": 7.615625858306885, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "South Park is an American adult animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone for the Comedy Central television network. The show revolves around four boys—Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick—and their bizarre adventures in and around the titular Colorado town. Much like The Simpsons, South Park uses a very large ensemble cast of recurring characters. Intended for mature audiences, the show has become infamous for its crude language and dark, surreal humor that satirizes a wide range of topics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.395051956176758, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Parker and Stone developed the show from two animated shorts they created in 1992 and 1995. The latter became one of the first Internet viral videos, which ultimately led to its production as a series. South Park debuted in August 1997 with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program. Subsequent ratings have varied but it remains one of Comedy Central's highest rated shows, and is slated to air through at least 2019. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.376325607299805, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "The show follows the exploits of four boys, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman and Kenny McCormick. The boys live in the fictional small town of South Park, located within the real life South Park basin in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado. The town is also home to an assortment of frequent characters such as students, families, elementary school staff, and other various residents, who tend to regard South Park as a bland and quiet place to live. Prominent settings on the show include the local elementary school, bus stop, various neighborhoods and the surrounding snowy landscape, actual Colorado landmarks, and the shops and businesses along the town's main street, all of which are based on the appearance of similar locations in the town of Fairplay, Colorado.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.963312149047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "South Park was the first weekly program to be assigned the TV-MA rating, and is generally intended for adult audiences. The boys and most other child characters use strong profanity, with only the most taboo words being bleeped by censors during a typical broadcast. The use of such language serves as a means for Parker and Stone to display how they claim young boys really talk when they are alone. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.832239151000977, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "South Park commonly makes use of carnivalesque and absurdist techniques, numerous running gags, violence, sexual content, offhand pop-cultural references, and satirical portrayal of celebrities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.863775253295898, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Soon after meeting in film class at the University of Colorado in 1992, Parker and Stone created an animated short entitled The Spirit of Christmas. The film was created by animating construction paper cutouts with stop motion, and features prototypes of the main characters of South Park, including a character resembling Cartman but named \"Kenny\", an unnamed character resembling what is today Kenny, and two near-identical unnamed characters who resemble Stan and Kyle. Brian Graden, Fox network executive and mutual friend, commissioned Parker and Stone to create a second short film as a video Christmas card. Created in 1995, the second The Spirit of Christmas short resembled the style of the later series more closely. To differentiate between the two homonymous shorts, the first short is often referred to as Jesus vs. Frosty, and the second short as Jesus vs. Santa. Graden sent copies of the video to several of his friends, and from there it was copied and distributed, including on the internet, where it became one of the first viral videos. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.859238624572754, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Parker and Stone assembled a small staff and spent three months creating the pilot episode \"Cartman Gets an Anal Probe\". South Park was in danger of being canceled before it even aired when the show fared poorly with test audiences, particularly with women. However, the shorts were still gaining more popularity over the Internet, and Comedy Central agreed to order a run of six episodes. South Park debuted with \"Cartman Gets an Anal Probe\" on August 13, 1997. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.871620178222656, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Except for the pilot episode, which was produced using cutout animation, all episodes of South Park are created with the use of software. As opposed to the pilot, which took three months to complete, and other animated sitcoms, which are traditionally hand-drawn by companies in South Korea in a process that takes roughly eight-to-nine months, individual episodes of South Park take significantly less time to produce. Using computers as an animation method, the show's production staff were able to generate an episode in about three weeks during the first seasons. Now, with a staff of about 70 people, episodes are typically completed in one week, with some in as little as three to four days. Nearly the entire production of an episode is accomplished within one set of offices, which were originally at a complex in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, and are now part of South Park Studios in Culver City, California. Parker and Stone have been the show's executive producers throughout its entire history, while Anne Garefino has served as South Park's co-executive producer since the latter part of the first season. 20th Century Fox Senior Production Executive Debbie Liebling also served as an executive producer during the show's first five seasons, coordinating the show's production efforts between South Park Studios and Comedy Central's headquarters in New York City. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.573691368103027, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Parker and Stone state that subjecting themselves to a one-week deadline creates more spontaneity amongst themselves in the creative process, which they feel results in a funnier show. The schedule also allows South Park to both stay more topical and respond more quickly to specific current events than other satiric animated shows. One of the earliest examples of this was in the season four (2000) episode \"Quintuplets 2000\", which references the United States Border Patrol's raid of a house during the Elián González affair, an event which occurred only four days before the episode originally aired. The season nine (2005) episode \"Best Friends Forever\" references the Terri Schiavo case, and originally aired in the midst of the controversy and less than 12 hours before she died. A scene in the season seven (2003) finale \"It's Christmas in Canada\" references the discovery of dictator Saddam Hussein in a \"spider hole\" and his subsequent capture, which happened a mere three days prior to the episode airing. The season 12 (2008) episode \"About Last Night...\" revolves around Barack Obama's victory in the 2008 presidential election, and aired less than 24 hours after Obama was declared the winner, using segments of dialogue from Obama's real victory speech. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.292304992675781, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Parker and Stone voice most of the male South Park characters. Mary Kay Bergman voiced the majority of the female characters until her suicide on November 11, 1999. Mona Marshall and Eliza Schneider succeeded Bergman, with Schneider leaving the show after its seventh season (2003). She was replaced by April Stewart, who, along with Marshall, continues to voice most of the female characters. Bergman was originally listed in the credits under the alias Shannen Cassidy to protect her reputation as the voice of several Disney and other kid-friendly characters. Stewart was originally credited under the name Gracie Lazar, while Schneider was sometimes credited under her rock opera performance pseudonym Blue Girl. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.709497451782227, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Other voice actors and members of South Park's production staff have voiced minor characters for various episodes, while a few staff members voice recurring characters; supervising producer Jennifer Howell voices student Bebe Stevens, co-producer and storyboard artist Adrien Beard voices the school's only black student, Token Black, writing consultant Vernon Chatman voices an anthropomorphic towel named Towelie, and production supervisor John Hansen voices Mr. Slave, the former gay lover of Mr. Garrison. Throughout the show's run, the voices for toddler and kindergarten characters have been provided by various small children of the show's production staff. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.035648345947266, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Isaac Hayes voiced the character of Chef, a black, soul-singing cafeteria worker who was one of the few adults the boys consistently trusted. Hayes agreed to voice the character after being among Parker and Stone's ideal candidates which also included Lou Rawls and Barry White. Hayes, who lived and hosted a radio show in New York during his tenure with South Park, would record his dialogue on a digital audio tape while a respective episode's director would give directions over the phone, then the tape would be shipped to the show's production studio in California. After Hayes left the show in early 2006, the character of Chef was killed off in the season 10 (2006) premiere \"The Return of Chef\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.66608715057373, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Parker says that the varying uses of music is of utmost importance to South Park. Several characters often play or sing songs in order to change or influence a group's behavior, or to educate, motivate, or indoctrinate others. The show also frequently features scenes in which its characters have disapproving reactions to the performances of certain popular musicians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.000847816467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "The first eighteen seasons of South Park are available in their entirety on DVD. Several other themed DVD compilations have been released by Rhino Entertainment and Comedy Central, while the three-episode Imaginationland story arc was reissued straight-to-DVD as a full-length feature in 2008. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.25227165222168, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "In March 2008, Comedy Central made every episode of South Park available for free full-length on-demand legal streaming on the official South Park Studios website. From March 2008 until December 2013 new episodes were added to the site the day following their debut, and an uncensored version was posted the following day. The episode stayed up for the remainder of the week, then taken down, and added to the site three weeks later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.522072792053223, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Within a week, the site served more than a million streams of full episodes, and the number grew to 55 million by October 2008. Legal issues prevent the U.S. content from being accessible outside the U.S., so local servers have been set up in other countries. In September 2009, a South Park Studios website with streaming episodes was launched in the UK and Ireland. In Canada, episodes were available for streaming from The Comedy Network's website, though due to digital rights restrictions, they are no longer available. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75439167022705, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "All seasons originally produced in standard definition have been remastered by being completely re-rendered scene-by-scene and frame-by-frame by South Park Studios from their original resolution to full 1080i high definition. Additionally, the original 4:3 aspect ratio has been converted to 16:9 as well. The re-rendering process took South Park Studios several years, and resulted in the picture quality being in true HD as opposed to being up-converted. The re-rendered episodes from the earlier seasons also feature their original uncensored audio tracks, which have never previously been released to the public uncensored. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.931206703186035, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "When South Park debuted, it was a huge ratings success for Comedy Central and is seen as being largely responsible for the success of the channel, with Herzog crediting it for putting the network \"on the map\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.127165794372559, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "The show's first episode, \"Cartman Gets an Anal Probe\", earned a Nielsen rating of 1.3 (980,000 viewers), at the time considered high for a cable program. The show instantly generated buzz among television viewers, and mass viewing parties began assembling on college campuses. By the time the eighth episode, \"Starvin' Marvin\", aired — three months after the show debuted — ratings and viewership had tripled, and South Park was already the most successful show in Comedy Central's history. When the tenth episode \"Damien\" aired the following February, viewership increased another 33 percent. The episode earned a 6.4 rating, which at the time was over 10 times the average rating earned by a cable show aired in prime time. The ratings peaked with the second episode of season two, \"Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut\", which aired on April 22, 1998. The episode earned an 8.2 rating (6.2 million viewers) and, at the time, set a record as the highest-rated non-sports show in basic cable history. During the spring of 1998, eight of the ten highest-rated shows on basic cable were South Park episodes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.526415824890137, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "The success of South Park prompted more cable companies to carry Comedy Central and led it to its becoming one of the fastest-growing cable channels. The number of households that had Comedy Central jumped from 9.1 million in 1997 to 50 million in June 1998. When the show debuted, the most Comedy Central had earned for a 30-second commercial was US$7,500. Within a year, advertisers were paying an average of US$40,000 for 30 seconds of advertising time during airings of South Park in its second season, while some paid as much as US$80,000. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.486635208129883, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "In 2004, Channel 4 voted South Park the third-greatest cartoon of all time. In 2007, Time magazine included the show on its list of the \"100 Best TV Shows of All Time\", proclaiming it as \"America's best source of rapid-fire satire for [the past] decade\". The same year, Rolling Stone declared it to be the funniest show on television since its debut 10 years prior. In 2008, South Park was named the 12th-greatest TV show of the past 25 years by Entertainment Weekly, while AOL declared it as having the \"most astute\" characters of any show in history when naming it the 16th-best television comedy series of all time. In 2011, South Park was voted number one in the 25 Greatest Animated TV Series poll by Entertainment Weekly. The character of Cartman ranked 10th on TV Guide's 2002 list of the \"Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters\", 198th on VH1's \"200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons\", 19th on Bravo's \"100 Greatest TV Characters\" television special in 2004, and second on MSNBC's 2005 list of TV's scariest characters behind Mr. Burns from The Simpsons. In 2006, Comedy Central received a Peabody Award for South Park's \"stringent social commentary\" and \"undeniably fearless lampooning of all that is self-important and hypocritical in American life\". In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked South Park at number 63 among the \"101 Best-Written Shows Ever\". Also in 2013, TV Guide listed the show at number 10 among the \"60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.518051147460938, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "South Park won the CableACE Award for Best Animated Series in 1997, the last year the awards were given out. In 1998, South Park was nominated for the Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program. It was also nominated for the 1998 GLAAD Award for Outstanding TV – Individual Episode for \"Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.836641311645508, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "South Park has been nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ten times (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2013). The show has won the award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) four times, for the 2005 episode \"Best Friends Forever\", the 2006 episode \"Make Love, Not Warcraft\", the 2009 episode \"Margaritaville\", and the 2012 episode \"Raising the Bar\". The \"Imaginationland\" trilogy of episodes won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More) in 2008. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.80515193939209, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "The show's frequent depiction of taboo subject matter, general toilet humor, accessibility to younger viewers, disregard for conservative sensibilities, negative depiction of liberal causes, and portrayal of religion for comic effect have been the main sources for generating controversy and debate over the course of its run. As the series first became popular, students in several schools were barred from wearing South Park-related T-shirts, while several parent councils in the United Kingdom expressed concern when eight- and nine-year-old children voted the South Park character Cartman as their favorite personality in a 1999 poll. Parker and Stone assert that the show is not meant to be viewed by young children, and the show is certified with TV ratings that indicate its intention for mature audiences. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.504408836364746, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Parents Television Council founder L. Brent Bozell III and Action for Children's Television founder Peggy Charren have both condemned the show, with the latter claiming it is \"dangerous to the democracy\". Several other activist groups have protested the show's parodies of Christianity and portrayal of Jesus Christ. Stone claims that parents who disapprove of South Park for its portrayal of how kids behave are upset because they \"have an idyllic vision of what kids are like\", adding \"[kids] don't have any kind of social tact or etiquette, they're just complete little raging bastards\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.784165382385254, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "The season nine (2005) episode \"Trapped in the Closet\" denounces Scientology as nothing more than \"a big fat global scam\", while freely divulging church information that Scientology normally only reveals to members who make significant monetary contributions to the church. The episode also ambiguously parodies the rumors involving the sexual orientation of Scientologist Tom Cruise, who allegedly demanded any further reruns of the episode be canceled. Isaac Hayes, a Scientologist, later quit South Park because of his objection to the episode. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.94428539276123, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Commentary made in episodes has been interpreted as statements Parker and Stone are attempting to make to the viewing public, and these opinions have been subject to much critical analysis in the media and literary world within the framework of popular philosophical, theological, social, and political concepts. Since South Park debuted, college students have written term papers and doctoral theses analyzing the show, while Brooklyn College offers a course called \"South Park and Political Correctness\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.042646408081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "While some conservatives have condemned the show for its vulgarity, a growing population of people who hold center-right political beliefs, including teenagers and young adults, have embraced the show for its tendency to mock liberal viewpoints and lampoon liberal celebrities and icons. Political commentator Andrew Sullivan dubbed the group South Park Republicans, or South Park conservatives. Sullivan classified the group as \"extremely skeptical of political correctness but also are socially liberal on many issues\", though he says the phrase applied to them is meant to be more of a casual indication of beliefs than a strong partisan label. Brian C. Anderson describes the group as \"generally characterized by holding strong libertarian beliefs and rejecting more conservative social policy\", and notes that although the show makes \"wicked fun of conservatives\", it is \"at the forefront of a conservative revolt against liberal media.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.055397987365723, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "The two claim the show's higher ratio of instances lampooning liberal orthodoxies stems simply from their preference to make fun of liberals more than conservatives. While Stone has been quoted saying, \"I hate conservatives, but I really fucking hate liberals\", Stone and Parker have explained that their drive to lampoon a given target comes first from the target's insistence on telling other people how to behave. The duo explains that they perceive liberals as having both delusions of entitlement to remain free from satire, and a propensity to enforce political correctness while patronizing the citizens of Middle America. Parker and Stone are uncomfortable with the idea of themselves or South Park being applied with any kind of partisan classification. Parker said he rejects the \"South Park Republican\" and \"South Park conservative\" labels as a serious notion, feeling that either tag implies that one only adheres to strictly conservative or liberal viewpoints. Canadian columnist Jaime J. Weinman observes that the most die-hard conservatives who identified themselves as \"South Park Republicans\" began turning away from the label when the show ridiculed Republicans in the season nine (2005) episode \"Best Friends Forever.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.036197662353516, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Parker and Stone said in a 2008 interview that a theatrically released sequel would most likely be what concludes the series. In 2011, when asked on the official South Park website whether a sequel would be made, they said \"the first South Park movie was so potent, we're all still recovering from the blow. Unfortunately, at the current moment, there are no plans for a second South Park movie. But you never know what the future may bring, crazier things have happened...\" In 2011, Time called South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut the sixth greatest animated feature of all-time. In 2013, Warner Bros. Entertainment relinquished to Paramount Pictures its rights to co-finance a potential future South Park film during their negotiations to co-finance the Christopher Nolan science fiction film Interstellar. Previous efforts to create a second South Park film were complicated due to both studios retaining certain rights to the property. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.982892036437988, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "As a tribute to the Dead Parrot sketch, a short that features Cartman attempting to return a dead Kenny to a shop run by Kyle aired during a 1999 BBC television special commemorating the 30th anniversary of Monty Python's Flying Circus. South Park parodied Scientology in a short that aired as part of the 2000 MTV Movie Awards. The short was entitled \"The Gauntlet\" and also poked fun at John Travolta, a Scientologist. The four main characters were featured in the documentary film The Aristocrats, listening to Cartman tell his version of the film's titular joke. Short clips of Cartman introducing the starting lineup for the University of Colorado football team were featured during ABC's coverage of the 2007 matchup between the University of Colorado and the University of Nebraska. In 2008, Parker, as Cartman, gave answers to a Proust Questionnaire conducted by Julie Rovner of NPR. The Snakes & Arrows Tour for Rush in 2007 used an intro from Cartman, Stan, Kyle, and Kenny preceding \"Tom Sawyer\". As Parker, Stone and producer Frank Agnone are Los Angeles Kings fans, special South Park pre-game videos have been featured at Kings home games at Staples Center, and the club even sent the Stanley Cup to visit South Park Studios after winning the 2012 finals. Parker and Stone have also created Denver Broncos and Denver Nuggets-themed shorts, featuring Cartman, for home games at Pepsi Center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.12377643585205, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Chef Aid: The South Park Album, a compilation of original songs from the show, characters performing cover songs, and tracks performed by guest artists was released in 1998, while Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics, a compilation of songs performed by the characters in the episode of the same name as well as other Christmas-themed songs was released in 1999, as was the soundtrack to the feature film. The song \"Chocolate Salty Balls\" (performed by Hayes as Chef) was released as a single in the UK in 1998 to support the Chef Aid: The South Park Album and became a number one hit. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.715108871459961, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Following the early success of the series, three video games based on the series were released by Acclaim Entertainment. A first-person shooter simply titled South Park was released in 1998 for the PC, Nintendo 64, and PlayStation. This was followed in 1999 by South Park: Chef's Luv Shack, a party video game featuring quizzes and mini-games, on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC. In 2000, South Park Rally, a racing game, was released on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC. Parker and Stone had little to do with the development of these games, apart from providing voice acting, and have publicly criticized Acclaim and the quality of the South Park games they produced. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.47696590423584, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "There was a South Park game for the Game Boy Color in development at Acclaim but it was cancelled by Parker and Stone because they thought the game wasn't right for the system as the main demograpic was kids. Parker and Stone have the prototype cartridge of the game, making it the first South Park video game ever made. Only one screenshot was published in Nintendo Power issue 114 in 1998. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307621955871582, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "Another South Park game was in development for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube in 2004 but was cancelled for unknown reasons. A prototype of the game was found in an Xbox development kit in 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374959945678711, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "In 2010, the decision was made to form a small group called South Park Digital Studios, which would, among other things, work on creating new South Park games, that would involve the studio and the show's creators more heavily. The first such title is South Park Let's Go Tower Defense Play!, a tower defense game developed by Doublesix, which was released in 2009 for the Xbox Live Arcade service on the Xbox 360 console. Another Xbox Live Arcade game, South Park: Tenorman's Revenge, is a platformer which was released in the spring of 2012. South Park: The Stick of Truth is a role-playing video game that was written by Parker and Stone, and was originally scheduled to be released on March 5, 2013 for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles, and Microsoft Windows; the game was eventually released on March 4, 2014 to positive reviews. A sequel to The Stick of Truth has been announced and will be titled South Park: The Fractured But Whole.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.654528617858887, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" }, { "answer": "South Park", "passage": "A South Park pinball machine was released in 1999 by Sega Pinball. The companies Fun 4 All, Mezco Toyz, and Mirage have produced various South Park action figures, collectibles, and plush dolls. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.240015983581543, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Park" } ]

[ { "answer": "White House", "passage": "The modern-day White House complex includes the Executive Residence, West Wing, East Wing, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building—the former State Department, which now houses offices for the President's staff and the Vice President—and Blair House, a guest residence. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories—the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor, as well as a two-story basement. The property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the President's Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of \"America's Favorite Architecture\".", "precise_score": -1.1522425413131714, "rough_score": -4.239820957183838, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The July 1790 Residence Act named Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the temporary national capital for a 10-year period while the Federal City was under construction. The City of Philadelphia rented Robert Morris's city house at 190 High Street (now 524-30 Market Street) for Washington's presidential residence. The first president occupied the Market Street mansion from November 1790 to March 1797, and altered it in ways that may have influenced the design of the White House. As part of a futile effort to have Philadelphia named the permanent national capital, Pennsylvania built a much grander presidential mansion several blocks away, but Washington declined to occupy it.", "precise_score": -6.277829170227051, "rough_score": -5.798864841461182, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "President John Adams also occupied the Market Street mansion from March 1797 to May 1800. On November 1, in 1800, he became the first president to occupy the White House. The President's House in Philadelphia became a hotel and was demolished in 1832, while the unused presidential mansion became home to the University of Pennsylvania.", "precise_score": -4.656123638153076, "rough_score": -2.2859554290771484, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Construction of the White House began with the laying of the cornerstone on October 13, 1792, although there was no formal ceremony. The main residence, as well as foundations of the house, were built largely by enslaved and free African-American laborers, as well as employed Europeans. Much of the other work on the house was performed by immigrants, many not yet with citizenship. The sandstone walls were erected by Scottish immigrants, employed by Hoban, as were the high-relief rose and garland decorations above the north entrance and the \"fish scale\" pattern beneath the pediments of the window hoods. The initial construction took place over a period of eight years, at a reported cost of $232,371.83 (equal to $ today). Although not yet completed, the White House was ready for occupancy circa November 1, 1800. ", "precise_score": -4.000391960144043, "rough_score": -1.6445543766021729, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The building was originally referred to variously as the \"President's Palace\", \"Presidential Mansion\", or \"President's House\". The earliest evidence of the public calling it the \"White House\" was recorded in 1811. A myth emerged that during the rebuilding of the structure after the Burning of Washington, white paint was applied to mask the burn damage it had suffered, giving the building its namesake hue. The name \"Executive Mansion\" was used in official contexts until President Theodore Roosevelt established the formal name by having \"White House–Washington\" engraved on the stationery in 1901. The current letterhead wording and arrangement \"The White House\" with the word \"Washington\" centered beneath goes back to the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.", "precise_score": 3.8759164810180664, "rough_score": 4.099737644195557, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "Although it was not completed until some years after the presidency of George Washington, it is also speculated that the name of the traditional residence of the President of the United States may have derived from Martha Washington's home, White House Plantation in Virginia, where the nation's first President had courted the First Lady in the mid-18th century. ", "precise_score": -4.893808841705322, "rough_score": -6.161259651184082, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "After the fire, President James Madison resided in The Octagon House from 1814 to 1815, and then the Seven Buildings from 1815 to the end of his term. Meanwhile, both architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Hoban contributed to the design and oversight of the reconstruction, which lasted from 1815 until 1817. The south portico was constructed in 1824 during the James Monroe administration; the north portico was built six years later. Though Latrobe proposed similar porticos before the fire in 1814, both porticos were built as designed by Hoban. An elliptical portico at Château de Rastignac in La Bachellerie, France with nearly identical curved stairs is speculated as the source of inspiration due to its similarity with the South Portico, although this matter is one of great debate. Italian artisans, brought to Washington to help in constructing the U.S. Capitol, carved the decorative stonework on both porticos. Contrary to speculation, the North Portico was not modeled on a similar portico on another Dublin building, the Viceregal Lodge (now Áras an Uachtaráin, residence of the President of Ireland), for its portico postdates the White House porticos' design. For the North Portico, a variation on the Ionic Order was devised incorporating a swag of roses between the volutes. This was done to link the new portico with the earlier carved roses above the entrance.", "precise_score": -7.765849590301514, "rough_score": -4.084476947784424, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "President William Howard Taft enlisted the help of architect Nathan C. Wyeth to add additional space to the West Wing, which included the addition of the Oval Office. The West Wing was damaged by fire in 1929, but rebuilt during the remaining years of the Herbert Hoover presidency. In the 1930s, a second story was added, as well as a larger basement for White House staff, and President Franklin Roosevelt had the Oval Office moved to its present location: adjacent to the Rose Garden.", "precise_score": -6.154668807983398, "rough_score": -6.068551540374756, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Decades of poor maintenance, the construction of a fourth story attic during the Coolidge administration, and the addition of a second-floor balcony over the south portico for Harry S. Truman took a great toll on the brick and sandstone structure built around a timber frame. By 1948, the house was declared to be in imminent danger of collapse, forcing President Truman to commission a reconstruction and to live across the street at Blair House from 1949-51. The work, done by the firm of Philadelphia contractor John McShain, required the complete dismantling of the interior spaces, construction of a new load-bearing internal steel frame and the reconstruction of the original rooms within the new structure. The total cost of the renovations was about $5.7 million (US$ million in ). Some modifications to the floor plan were made, the largest being the repositioning of the grand staircase to open into the Entrance Hall, rather than the Cross Hall. Central air conditioning was added, as well as two additional sub-basements providing space for workrooms, storage, and a bomb shelter. The Trumans moved back into the White House on March 27, 1952. While the house's structure was kept intact by the Truman reconstruction, much of the new interior finishes were generic, and of little historic value. Much of the original plasterwork, some dating back to the 1814–1816 rebuilding, was too damaged to reinstall, as was the original robust Beaux Arts paneling in the East Room. President Truman had the original timber frame sawed into paneling; the walls of the Vermeil Room, Library, China Room, and Map Room on the ground floor of the main residence were paneled in wood from the timbers. ", "precise_score": -6.941135406494141, "rough_score": -4.999098300933838, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Jacqueline Kennedy, wife of President John F. Kennedy (1961–63), directed a very extensive and historic redecoration of the house. She enlisted the help of Henry Francis du Pont of the Winterthur Museum to assist in collecting artifacts for the mansion, many of which had once been housed there. Other antiques, fine paintings, and improvements of the Kennedy period were donated to the White House by wealthy philanthropists, including the Crowninshield family, Jane Engelhard, Jayne Wrightsman, and the Oppenheimer family. Stéphane Boudin of the House of Jansen, a Paris interior-design firm that had been recognized worldwide, was employed by Mrs. Kennedy to assist with the decoration. Different periods of the early republic and world history were selected as a theme for each room: the Federal style for the Green Room, French Empire for the Blue Room, American Empire for the Red Room, Louis XVI for the Yellow Oval Room, and Victorian for the president's study, renamed the Treaty Room. Antique furniture was acquired, and decorative fabric and trim based on period documents was produced and installed. The Kennedy restoration resulted in a more authentic White House of grander stature, which recalled the French taste of Madison and Monroe. In the Diplomatic Reception Room Mrs. Kennedy installed an antique \"Vue de l'Amérique Nord\" wall paper which Zuber & Cie had designed in 1834. The wallpaper had hung previously on the walls of another mansion until 1961 when that house was demolished for a grocery store. Just before the demolition, the wallpaper was salvaged and sold to the White House.", "precise_score": -7.569554328918457, "rough_score": -6.115541458129883, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Today the group of buildings housing the presidency is known as the White House Complex. It includes the central Executive Residence flanked by the East Wing and West Wing. The Chief Usher coordinates day to day household operations. The White House includes: six stories and 55,000 ft² (5,100 m²) of floor space, 132 rooms and 35 bathrooms, 412 doors, 147 windows, twenty-eight fireplaces, eight staircases, three elevators, five full-time chefs, a tennis court, a (single-lane) bowling alley (officially called the Harry S. Truman Bowling Alley), a movie theater (officially called the White House Family Theater ), a jogging track, a swimming pool, and a putting green. It receives up to 30,000 visitors each week. Despite its importance the White House is ranked only 25th on the List of largest houses in the United States.", "precise_score": -1.7114466428756714, "rough_score": -4.828373908996582, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The original residence is in the center. Two colonnades—one on the east and one on the west—designed by Jefferson, now serve to connect the East and West Wings, added later. The Executive Residence houses the president's dwelling, as well as rooms for ceremonies and official entertaining. The State Floor of the residence building includes the East Room, Green Room, Blue Room, Red Room, State Dining Room, Family Dining Room, Cross Hall, Entrance Hall, and Grand Staircase. The Ground Floor is made up of the Diplomatic Reception Room, Map Room, China Room, Vermeil Room, Library, the main kitchen, and other offices. The second floor family residence includes the Yellow Oval Room, East and West Sitting Halls, the White House Master Bedroom, President's Dining Room, the Treaty Room, Lincoln Bedroom and Queens' Bedroom, as well as two additional bedrooms, a smaller kitchen, and a private dressing room. The third floor consists of the White House Solarium, Game Room, Linen Room, a Diet Kitchen, and another sitting room (previously used as President George W. Bush's workout room). ", "precise_score": -0.9763139486312866, "rough_score": -5.750077724456787, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Like the English and Irish country houses it was modeled on, the White House was, from the start, open to the public until the early part of the 20th century. President Thomas Jefferson held an open house for his second inaugural in 1805, and many of the people at his swearing-in ceremony at the Capitol followed him home, where he greeted them in the Blue Room. Those open houses sometimes became rowdy: in 1829, President Andrew Jackson had to leave for a hotel when roughly 20,000 citizens celebrated his inauguration inside the White House. His aides ultimately had to lure the mob outside with washtubs filled with a potent cocktail of orange juice and whiskey. Even so, the practice continued until 1885, when newly elected Grover Cleveland arranged for a presidential review of the troops from a grandstand in front of the White House instead of the traditional open house. Jefferson also permitted public tours of his house, which have continued ever since, except during wartime, and began the tradition of annual receptions on New Year's Day and on the Fourth of July. Those receptions ended in the early 1930s, although President Bill Clinton would briefly revive the New Year's Day open house in his first term.", "precise_score": -8.154987335205078, "rough_score": -3.4116480350494385, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800. The term White House is often used to refer to actions of the president and his advisers, as in \"The White House announced that...\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.743978500366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The President's House was a major feature of Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's's plan for the newly established federal city, Washington, D.C. The architect of the White House was chosen in a design competition which received nine proposals, including one submitted anonymously by Thomas Jefferson. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.741095066070557, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "The building has classical inspiration sources, that could be found directly or indirectly in the Roman architect Vitruvius or in Andrea Palladio styles; Palladio being an Italian architect of the Renaissance which had a considerable influence on the Western architecture (Palladian architecture). The building Hoban designed is verifiably influenced by the upper floors of Leinster House, in Dublin, which later became the seat of the Oireachtas (the Irish parliament). Several other Georgian-era Irish country houses have been suggested as sources of inspiration for the overall floor plan, details like the bow-fronted south front, and interior details like the former niches in the present Blue Room. These influences, though undocumented, are cited in the official White House guide, and in White House Historical Association publications. The first official White House guide, published in 1962, suggested a link between Hoban's design for the South Portico and Château de Rastignac, a neoclassical country house located in La Bachellerie in the Dordogne region of France and designed by Mathurin Salat. Construction on the French house was initially started before 1789, interrupted by the French Revolution for twenty years and then finally built 1812–1817 (based on Salat's pre-1789 design). The theoretical link between the two houses has been criticized because Hoban did not visit France. Supporters of a connection posit that Thomas Jefferson, during his tour of Bordeaux in 1789, viewed Salat's architectural drawings (which were on-file at the College) at the École Spéciale d'Architecture (Bordeaux Architectural College). On his return to the U.S. he then shared the influence with Washington, Hoban, Monroe, and Benjamin Henry Latrobe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.743109703063965, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "As it is a famed structure in America, several replicas of the White House have been constructed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.534846305847168, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The principal façade of the White House, the north front, is of three floors and eleven bays. The ground floor is hidden by a raised carriage ramp and parapet, thus the façade appears to be of two floors. The central three bays are behind a prostyle portico (this was a later addition to the house, built circa 1830) serving, thanks to the carriage ramp, as a porte cochere. The windows of the four bays flanking the portico, at first-floor level, have alternating pointed and segmented pediments, while at second-floor level the pediments are flat. The principal entrance at the center of the portico is surmounted by a lunette fanlight. Above the entrance is a sculpted floral festoon. The roofline is hidden by a balustraded parapet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.042696952819824, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Evolution of the White House", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4080171585083, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Adams lived in the house only briefly before Thomas Jefferson moved into the \"pleasant country residence\" in 1801. Despite his complaints that the house was too big (\"big enough for two emperors, one pope, and the grand lama in the bargain\" ), Jefferson considered how the White House might be added to. With Benjamin Henry Latrobe, he helped lay out the design for the East and West Colonnades, small wings that help conceal the domestic operations of laundry, a stable and storage. Today, Jefferson's colonnades link the residence with the East and West Wings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.777527332305908, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "In 1814, during the War of 1812, the White House was set ablaze by British troops during the Burning of Washington, in retaliation for burning Upper Canada's Parliament Buildings in the Battle of York; much of Washington was affected by these fires as well. Only the exterior walls remained, and they had to be torn down and mostly reconstructed because of weakening from the fire and subsequent exposure to the elements, except for portions of the south wall. Of the numerous objects taken from the White House when it was ransacked by British troops, only two have been recovered. Employees and slaves rescued a painting of George Washington, and in 1939, a Canadian man returned a jewelry box to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, claiming that his grandfather had taken it from Washington. Some observers allege that most of these spoils were lost when a convoy of British ships led by HMS Fantome sank en route to Halifax off Prospect during a storm on the night of November 24, 1814, even though Fantome had no involvement in that action. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.225203514099121, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "File:The President's House by George Munger, 1814-1815 - Crop.jpg|The White House as it looked following the conflagration of August 24, 1814", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.212685585021973, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "File:Latrobe White House cropa2.jpg|Principal story plan for the white house by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 1807.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.415339469909668, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "File:White House 1846.jpg|Earliest known photograph of the White House, taken c. 1846 by John Plumbe during the administration of James K. Polk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.616620063781738, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "By the time of the American Civil War, the White House had become overcrowded. The location of the White House was questioned, just north of a canal and swampy lands, which provided conditions ripe for malaria and other unhealthy conditions. Brigadier General Nathaniel Michler was tasked to propose solutions to address these concerns. He proposed abandoning the use of the White House as a residence and designed a new estate for the first family at Meridian Hill in Washington, D.C., but Congress rejected the plan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.441726684570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "When Chester Arthur took office in 1881, he ordered renovations to the White House to take place as soon as the recently widowed Lucretia Garfield moved out. Arthur inspected the work almost nightly and made several suggestions. Louis Comfort Tiffany was asked to send selected designers to assist. Over twenty wagonloads of furniture and household items were removed from the building and sold at a public auction. All that was saved were bust portraits of John Adams and Martin Van Buren. A proposal was made to build a new residence south of the White House, but it failed to gain support.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.296387672424316, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "In 1891, First Lady Caroline Harrison proposed major extensions to the White House, including a National Wing on the east for a historical art gallery, and a wing on the west for official functions. A plan was devised by Colonel Theodore A. Bingham, which reflected the Harrison proposal. These plans were ultimately rejected.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.391968727111816, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "The first White House guidebook was produced under the direction of curator Lorraine Waxman Pearce with direct supervision from Mrs. Kennedy. Sale of the guidebook helped finance the restoration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.556564331054688, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Kennedy showed her restoration of the White House to the public in a televised tour of the house on Valentine's Day in 1962.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.78307819366455, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The White House since the Kennedy restoration", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.895963668823242, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Out of respect for the historic character of the White House, no substantive architectural changes have been made to the house since the Truman renovation. Since the Kennedy restoration, every presidential family has made some changes to the private quarters of the White House, but the Committee for the Preservation of the White House must approve any modifications to the State Rooms. Charged with maintaining the historical integrity of the White House, the congressionally authorized committee works with each First Family—usually represented by the First Lady, the White House Curator, and the Chief Usher—to implement the family's proposals for altering the house. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.99199104309082, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "During the Nixon administration (1969–74), First Lady Pat Nixon refurbished the Green Room, Blue Room, and Red Room, working with Clement Conger, the curator appointed by President Richard Nixon. Mrs. Nixon's efforts brought more than 600 artifacts to the house, the largest acquisition by any administration. Her husband created the modern press briefing room over Franklin Roosevelt's old swimming pool. Nixon also added a single-lane bowling alley to the White House basement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2039289474487305, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Computers and the first laser printer were added during the Carter administration, and the use of computer technology was expanded during the Reagan administration. A Carter-era innovation, a set of solar water heating panels that were mounted on the roof of the White House, was removed during Reagan's presidency. Redecorations were made to the private family quarters and maintenance was made to public areas during the Reagan years. The house was accredited as a museum in 1988. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.434414863586426, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The White House became one of the first wheelchair-accessible government buildings in Washington when modifications were made during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who used a wheelchair because of his paralytic illness. In the 1990s, Hillary Rodham Clinton, at the suggestion of Visitors Office Director Melinda N. Bates, approved the addition of a ramp in the East Wing corridor. It allowed easy wheelchair access for the public tours and special events that enter through the secure entrance building on the east side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2655029296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "In 2003, the Bush administration reinstalled solar thermal heaters. These units are used to heat water for landscape maintenance personnel and for the presidential pool and spa. 167 solar photovoltaic grid tied panels were installed at the same time on the roof of the maintenance facility. The changes were not publicized as a White House spokeswoman said the changes were an internal matter. The story was picked up by industry trade journals.[http://www.ecomall.com/greenshopping/solarwhitehouse.htm - ecomall]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.013284683227539, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "In 2013 President Barack Obama installed a set of solar panels on the roof of the White House. [http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/08/solar-panels-finally-installed-on-white-house/ White House Finally Gets Solar Panels - ABC News]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13791561126709, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The president usually travels to and from the White House grounds via official motorcade or helicopter. In the 1950s, President Dwight D. Eisenhower was the first president to travel by helicopter to and from the White House grounds. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.10831069946289, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The West Wing houses the President's office (the Oval Office) and offices of his senior staff, with room for about 50 employees. It also includes the Cabinet Room, where the president conducts business meetings and where the Cabinet meets, as well as the White House Situation Room, James S. Brady Press Briefing Room, and Roosevelt Room. In 2007, work was completed on renovations of the press briefing room, adding fiber optic cables and LCD screens for the display of charts and graphs. The makeover took 11 months and cost $8 million, of which news outlets paid $2 million. In September 2010, a two-year project began on the West Wing, creating a multistory underground structure; this will be followed with additional renovation of the wing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.587966918945312, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The East Wing, which contains additional office space, was added to the White House in 1942. Among its uses, the East Wing has intermittently housed the offices and staff of the First Lady, and the White House Social Office. Rosalynn Carter, in 1977, was the first to place her personal office in the East Wing and to formally call it the \"Office of the First Lady\". The East Wing was built during World War II in order to hide the construction of an underground bunker to be used in emergencies. The bunker has come to be known as the Presidential Emergency Operations Center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.423970222473145, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The White House and grounds cover just over 18 acres (about 7.3 hectares). Before the construction of the North Portico, most public events were entered from the South Lawn, which was graded and planted by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson also drafted a planting plan for the North Lawn that included large trees that would have mostly obscured the house from Pennsylvania Avenue. During the mid-to-late 19th century a series of ever larger greenhouses were built on the west side of the house, where the current West Wing is located. During this period, the North Lawn was planted with ornate carpet-style flowerbeds. Although the White House grounds have had many gardeners through their history, the general design, still largely used as master plan today, was designed in 1935 by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. of the Olmsted Brothers firm, under commission from President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the Kennedy administration, the White House Rose Garden was redesigned by Rachel Lambert Mellon. The Rose Garden borders the West Colonnade. Bordering the East Colonnade is the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden, which was begun by Jacqueline Kennedy but completed after her husband's assassination. On the weekend of June 23, 2006, a century-old American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) tree on the north side of the building, came down during one of the many storms amid intense flooding. Among the oldest trees on the grounds are several magnolias (Magnolia grandiflora) planted by Andrew Jackson. Michelle Obama planted the White House's first organic garden and installed beehives on the South Lawn of the White House, which will supply organic produce and honey to the First Family and for state dinners and other official gatherings. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.614817142486572, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "File:White House lawn.jpg|The White House and surrounding grounds", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949834823608398, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "File:Aerial view of the White House.jpg|Overhead view of the White House grounds", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.055388450622559, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "File:White House, Blue Sky.jpg|The White House with fountain and grounds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89738655090332, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "File:1122-WAS-The White House.JPG|White House from the north", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.657299995422363, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The White House remained accessible in other ways; President Abraham Lincoln complained that he was constantly beleaguered by job seekers waiting to ask him for political appointments or other favors, or eccentric dispensers of advice like \"General\" Daniel Pratt, as he began the business day. Lincoln put up with the annoyance rather than risk alienating some associate or friend of a powerful politician or opinion maker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.55921745300293, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "In February 1974, a stolen army helicopter landed without authorization on the White House's grounds. Twenty years later, in 1994, a light plane crashed on the White House grounds, and the pilot died instantly. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.845169067382812, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "As a result of increased security regarding air traffic in the capital, the White House was evacuated in May 2005 before an unauthorized aircraft could approach the grounds. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142213821411133, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "On May 20, 1995, primarily as a response to the Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, the United States Secret Service closed off Pennsylvania Avenue to vehicular traffic in front of the White House from the eastern edge of Lafayette Park to 17th Street. Later, the closure was extended an additional block to the east to 15th Street, and East Executive Avenue, a small street between the White House and the Treasury Building.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.46157169342041, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "After September 11, 2001, this was made permanent in addition to closing E Street between the South Portico of the White House and the Ellipse. During the Boston Marathon bombing, the road was closed to the public in its entirety for a period of two days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.968536376953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The Pennsylvania Avenue closing has been opposed by organized civic groups in Washington, D.C. They argue that the closing impedes traffic flow unnecessarily and is inconsistent with the well-conceived historic plan for the city. As for security considerations, they note that the White House is set much farther back from the street than numerous other sensitive federal buildings are. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.254033088684082, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Prior to its inclusion within the fenced compound that now includes the Old Executive Office Building to the west and the Treasury Building to the east, this sidewalk served as a queuing area for the daily public tours of the White House. These tours were suspended in the wake of the September 11 attacks. In September 2003, they resumed on a limited basis for groups making prior arrangements through their Congressional representatives or embassies in Washington for foreign nationals and submitting to background checks, but the White House remained closed to the public. White House tours were suspended for most of 2013 due to budget constraints after sequestration. The White House reopened to the public in November 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.14704418182373, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "The White House Complex is protected by the United States Secret Service and the United States Park Police.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.671838760375977, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System) were used to guard air space over Washington, D.C. during the 2005 presidential inauguration. The same NASAMS units have since been used to protect the president and all air space around the White House, which is strictly prohibited to aircraft. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.920660972595215, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "File:PennAveWhiteHouse.jpg|For security reasons, the section of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the White House is closed to all vehicular traffic, except government officials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97569465637207, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "File:WhiteHousenightphoto.JPG|White House at night", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.067323684692383, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "File:US $20 Series 2006 Reverse.jpg|White House on the reverse (back) of the U.S. $20 note.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332748413085938, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Elected in 1904 to a full term, Roosevelt continued to promote progressive policies, but many of his efforts and much of his legislative agenda were eventually blocked in Congress. Roosevelt successfully groomed his close friend, William Howard Taft, to succeed him in the presidency. After leaving office, Roosevelt went on safari in Africa and toured Europe. Returning to the USA, he became frustrated with Taft's approach as his successor. He tried but failed to win the presidential nomination in 1912. Roosevelt founded his own party, the Progressive, so-called \"Bull Moose\" Party, and called for wide-ranging progressive reforms. The split among Republicans enabled the Democrats to win both the White House and a majority in the Congress in 1912. The Democrats in the South had also gained power by having disenfranchised most blacks (and Republicans) from the political system from 1890 to 1908, fatally weakening the Republican Party across the region, and creating a Solid South dominated by their party alone. Republicans aligned with Taft nationally would control the Republican Party for decades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.674236297607422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "On September 6, President McKinley was shot by an anarchist acting alone while in Buffalo, New York. Initial reports suggested that his condition was improving, so Roosevelt, after visiting the ailing president, embarked for the west. When McKinley's condition worsened, Roosevelt rushed back. McKinley died on September 14, and Roosevelt was sworn in at the Ansley Wilcox House. The following month, Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington to dinner at the White House. To his dismay, this sparked a bitter, and at times vicious, reaction across the heavily segregated South. Roosevelt reacted with astonishment and protest, saying that he looked forward to many future dinners with Washington. Upon further reflection, Roosevelt wanted to ensure that this had no effect on political support in the South, and further dinner invitations to Washington were avoided; their next meeting was scheduled as typical business at 10:00am instead. Roosevelt kept McKinley's Cabinet and promised to continue McKinley's policies. In the November 1904 presidential election, Roosevelt won the presidency in his own right in a landslide victory against Alton Brooks Parker. His vice president was Charles Warren Fairbanks of Indiana.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.686541557312012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "Roosevelt responded to public anger over the abuses in the food packing industry by pushing Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act. The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 banned misleading labels and preservatives that contained harmful chemicals. The Pure Food and Drug Act banned food and drugs that were impure or falsely labeled from being made, sold, and shipped. Roosevelt also served as honorary president of the American School Hygiene Association from 1907 to 1908, and in 1909 he convened the first White House Conference on the Care of Dependent Children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.748924255371094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Building on McKinley's effective use of the press, Roosevelt made the White House the center of news every day, providing interviews and photo opportunities. After noticing the reporters huddled outside the White House in the rain one day, he gave them their own room inside, effectively inventing the presidential press briefing. The grateful press, with unprecedented access to the White House, rewarded Roosevelt with ample coverage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.579700946807861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "While Roosevelt followed the tradition of incumbents in not actively campaigning on the stump, he sought to control the campaign's message through specific instructions to Cortelyou. He also attempted to manage the press's release of White House statements by forming the Ananias Club. Any journalist who repeated a statement made by the president without approval was penalized by restriction of further access.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.062158584594727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "White House", "passage": "Roosevelt was an enthusiastic singlestick player and, according to Harper's Weekly, showed up at a White House reception with his arm bandaged after a bout with General Leonard Wood in 1905. Roosevelt was an avid reader, reading tens of thousands of books, at a rate of several per day in multiple languages. Along with Thomas Jefferson, Roosevelt was the most well-read of all American politicians. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.771589756011963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "Recent biographers have stressed Roosevelt's personality. Cooper compared him with Woodrow Wilson, and discovered that both of them played the roles of warrior and priest. Dalton stressed Roosevelt's strenuous life. Sarah Watts examined the desires of the \"Rough Rider in the White House\". Brands calls Roosevelt \"the last romantic\", arguing that his romantic concept of life emerged from his belief that \"physical bravery was the highest virtue and war the ultimate test of bravery\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.626709938049316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "The White House", "passage": "In 1905, Roosevelt, an admirer of various western figures, named Captain Bill McDonald of the Texas Rangers as his bodyguard and entertained the legendary Texan at the White House. Ironically, in the 1912 campaign, McDonald was Woodrow Wilson's bodyguard. Wilson thereafter named the Democrat McDonald as the U.S. Marshal for the Northern district of Texas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.850940227508545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" } ]

[ { "answer": "Volcanic vent", "passage": "A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as either volcanic clinkers, cinders, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. They consist of loose pyroclastic debris formed by explosive eruptions or lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either cinders, clinkers, or scoria around the vent to form a cone that often is symmetrical; with slopes between 30-40°; and a nearly circular ground plan. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.", "precise_score": 3.4653160572052, "rough_score": 1.0152658224105835, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Volcanoes", "passage": "Cinder cones are commonly found on the flanks of shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, and calderas. For example, geologists have identified nearly 100 cinder cones on the flanks of Mauna Kea, a shield volcano located on the island of Hawaii. These cones are also referred to as 'scoria cones' and 'cinder and spatter cones.'", "precise_score": 3.619777202606201, "rough_score": 5.187924861907959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Erupt", "passage": "Mechanics of eruption ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290567398071289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Erupt", "passage": "During the waning stage of a cinder-cone eruption, the magma has lost most of its gas content. This gas-depleted magma does not fountain but oozes quietly into the crater or beneath the base of the cone as lava. Lava rarely issues from the top (except as a fountain) because the loose, uncemented cinders are too weak to support the pressure exerted by molten rock as it rises toward the surface through the central vent. Because it contains so few gas bubbles, the molten lava is denser than the bubble-rich cinders. Thus, it often burrows out along the bottom of the cinder cone, lifting the less dense cinders like a cork on water, and advances outward, creating a lava flow around the cone's base. When the eruption ends, a symmetrical cone of cinders sits at the center of a surrounding pad of lava. If the crater is fully breached, the remaining walls form an amphitheatre or horseshoe shape around the vent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.918107271194458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Erupt", "passage": "The most famous cinder cone, Paricutin, grew out of a corn field in Mexico in 1943 from a new vent. Eruptions continued for nine years, built the cone to a height of 424 meters, and produced lava flows that covered 25 km².", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.596765041351318, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Erupt", "passage": "The Earth's most historically active cinder cone is Cerro Negro in Nicaragua. It is part of a group of four young cinder cones NW of Las Pilas volcano. Since its initial eruption in 1850, it has erupted more than 20 times, most recently in 1995 and 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6698102951049805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Volcanic", "passage": "Based on satellite images it was suggested that cinder cones might occur on other terrestrial bodies in the solar system too. They were reported on the flanks of Pavonis Mons in Tharsis, in the region of Hydraotes Chaos or in the volcanic field Ulysses Colles. It is also suggested that domical structures in Marius Hills might represent lunar cinder cones. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.096014022827148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Erupt", "passage": "The size and shape of cinder cones depend on environmental properties as different gravity and/or atmospheric pressure might change the dispersion of ejected scoria particles. For example, cinder cones on Mars seem to be more than two times wider than terrestrial analogues as lower atmospheric pressure and gravity enable wider dispersion of ejected particles over a larger area. Therefore, it seems that erupted amount of material is not sufficient on Mars for the flank slopes to attain the angle of repose and Martian cinder cones seem to be ruled mainly by ballistic distribution and not by material redistribution on flanks as typical on Earth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.851132392883301, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Erupt", "passage": "Some cinder cones are monogenetic – the result of a single, never-to-be-repeated eruption. Parícutin in Mexico, Diamond Head, Koko Head, Punchbowl Crater and some cinder cones on Mauna Kea are monogenetic cinder cones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0403518676757812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" }, { "answer": "Erupt", "passage": "Monogenetic eruptions can last for more than 10 years. Parícutin erupted from 1943 to 1952.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.445389747619629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cinder cone" } ]

[ { "answer": "George Carlin", "passage": "A typical episode of SNL will feature a single host chosen for their popularity, novelty, or because they have a film, album, or other work being released near the time of their appearance on the show. The host delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast. Traditionally the host of the show ends the opening monologue by introducing the musical guest for the night. Comedian George Carlin was the first to host SNL in the debut October 1975 episode; three episodes later, Candice Bergen became the first female host and subsequently the first to host more than once. Hosts have been drawn from a wide spectrum of backgrounds, from actors, such as Christopher Walken, Buck Henry, and John Goodman, to musicians like George Harrison and Dolly Parton, to political activist Ralph Nader. Guests who have hosted five or more times are sometimes referred to as belonging to the Five-Timers Club, a term that originated on a sketch performed on Tom Hanks' fifth episode. As of September 24, 2011, actor Alec Baldwin holds the record for most times hosting, having performed the duty on sixteen different occasions since 1990; Baldwin took the record from actor Steve Martin who had hosted fifteen times since 1976.", "precise_score": 4.4010820388793945, "rough_score": 5.164304733276367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saturday Night Live" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Quick Brown Fox", "passage": "The best known English pangram is \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\" It has been used since at least the late 19th century, was utilized by Western Union to test Telex / TWX data communication equipment for accuracy and reliability, and is now used by a number of computer programs (most notably the font viewer built into Microsoft Windows) to display computer fonts. An example in another language is ', containing all letters used in German , including every umlaut (ä, ö, ü) plus the ß. It has been used since before 1800.", "precise_score": 7.171636581420898, "rough_score": 7.718508243560791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pangram" }, { "answer": "The Quick Brown Fox", "passage": "\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\" is an English-language pangram—a phrase that contains all of the letters of the alphabet. It is commonly used for touch-typing practice. It is also used to test typewriters and computer keyboards, show fonts, and other applications involving all of the letters in the English alphabet. Owing to its brevity and coherence, it has become widely known.", "precise_score": 8.076949119567871, "rough_score": 8.148645401000977, "source": "wiki", "title": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" }, { "answer": "The Quick Brown Fox", "passage": "The pangram \"The quick brown fox...\" and searches for a shorter pangram are the cornerstone of the plot of the novel Ella Minnow Pea by Mark Dunn. The search successfully comes to an end when the phrase \"Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs\" is discovered.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.2954683303833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pangram" }, { "answer": "A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", "passage": "The earliest known appearance of the phrase is from The Michigan School Moderator, a journal that provided many teachers with education-related news and suggestions for lessons. In an article titled \"Interesting Notes\" in the March 14, 1885 issue, the phrase is given as a suggestion for writing practice: \"The following sentence makes a good copy for practice, as it contains every letter of the alphabet: 'A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.'\" Note that the phrase in this case begins with the word \"A\" rather than \"The\". Several other early sources also use this variation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.325848579406738, "source": "wiki", "title": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" }, { "answer": "The Quick Brown Fox", "passage": "The first message sent on the Moscow–Washington hotline was the test phrase \"THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S BACK 1234567890\". Later, during testing, the Russian translators sent a message asking their American counterparts \"What does it mean when your people say 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog?'\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.036942958831787, "source": "wiki", "title": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" }, { "answer": "Quick brown fox", "passage": "The lipogrammatic novel Ella Minnow Pea by Mark Dunn is built entirely around the \"Quick Brown Fox\" pangram and its inventor. It depicts a fictional country off the South Carolina coast that idealizes the pangram, chronicling the effects on literature and social structure as various letters are banned from daily use by government dictum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.570037841796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" } ]

[ { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado (, or ) (Spanish for \"ruddy\") is a state in the United States encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,456,574 on July 1, 2015, an increase of 8.50% since the 2010 United States Census.", "precise_score": -9.18565845489502, "rough_score": -9.336490631103516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the Río Colorado for the ruddy () silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state in the same year as the centennial of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "precise_score": 8.015436172485352, "rough_score": 8.010709762573242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and Arizona to the southwest, at the Four Corners. Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "precise_score": -10.753998756408691, "rough_score": -10.917747497558594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Denver is the capital and the most populous city of Colorado. Residents of the state are properly known as \"Coloradoans\", although the term \"Coloradan\" is used in modern times.", "precise_score": -9.765169143676758, "rough_score": -10.870539665222168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Much of the alpine snow melts by mid-August with the exception of a few snowcapped peaks and a few small glaciers. The Colorado Mineral Belt, stretching from the San Juan Mountains in the southwest to Boulder and Central City on the front range, contains most of the historic gold- and silver-mining districts of Colorado. Mount Elbert is the highest summit of the Rocky Mountains. The 30 highest major summits of the Rocky Mountains of North America all lie within the state.", "precise_score": -10.898924827575684, "rough_score": -11.006462097167969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The highest ambient air temperature ever recorded in Colorado was 118 °F on July 11, 1888, at Bennett. The lowest air temperature was on February 1, 1985, at Maybell.", "precise_score": -11.033099174499512, "rough_score": -11.039051055908203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The region that is today the state of Colorado has been inhabited by Native Americans for more than 13,000 years. The Lindenmeier Site in Larimer County contains artifacts dating from approximately 11200 BC to 3000 BC. The eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains was a major migration route that was important to the spread of early peoples throughout the Americas. The Ancient Pueblo peoples lived in the valleys and mesas of the Colorado Plateau. The Ute Nation inhabited the mountain valleys of the Southern Rocky Mountains and the Western Rocky Mountains, even as far east as the Front Range of present day. The Apache and the Comanche also inhabited Eastern and Southeastern parts of the state. At times, the Arapaho Nation and the Cheyenne Nation moved west to hunt across the High Plains.", "precise_score": -10.968149185180664, "rough_score": -10.713629722595215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The U.S. relinquished its claim to all land south and west of the Arkansas River and south of 42nd parallel north and west of the 100th meridian west as part of its purchase of Florida from Spain with the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819. The treaty took effect February 22, 1821. Having settled its border with Spain, the U.S. admitted the southeastern portion of the Territory of Missouri to the Union as the state of Missouri on August 10, 1821. The remainder of Missouri Territory, including what would become northeastern Colorado, became unorganized territory, and remained so for 33 years over the question of slavery. After 11 years of war, Spain finally recognized the independence of Mexico with the Treaty of Córdoba signed on August 24, 1821. Mexico eventually ratified the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1831. The Texian Revolt of 1835–36 fomented a dispute between the U.S. and Mexico which eventually erupted into the Mexican–American War in 1846. Mexico surrendered its northern territory to the U.S. with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the conclusion of the war in 1848.", "precise_score": -7.4112935066223145, "rough_score": -4.082005023956299, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Most American settlers traveling overland west to the Oregon Country, namely the new goldfields of California, or the new Mormon settlements of the State of Deseret in the Salt Lake Valley, avoided the rugged Southern Rocky Mountains, and instead followed the North Platte River and Sweetwater River to South Pass (Wyoming), the lowest crossing of the Continental Divide between the Southern Rocky Mountains and the Central Rocky Mountains. In 1849, the Mormons of the Salt Lake Valley organized the extralegal State of Deseret, claiming the entire Great Basin and all lands drained by the rivers Green, Grand, and Colorado. The federal government of the U.S. flatly refused to recognize the new Mormon government, because it was theocratic and sanctioned plural marriage. Instead, the Compromise of 1850 divided the Mexican Cession and the northwestern claims of Texas into a new state and two new territories, the state of California, the Territory of New Mexico, and the Territory of Utah. On April 9, 1851, Mexican American settlers from the area of Taos settled the village of San Luis, then in the New Mexico Territory, later to become Colorado's first permanent Euro-American settlement.", "precise_score": -10.265785217285156, "rough_score": -9.877586364746094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Thirty days later on February 28, 1861, outgoing U.S. President James Buchanan signed an Act of Congress organizing the free Territory of Colorado. The original boundaries of Colorado remain unchanged today. The name Colorado was chosen because it was commonly believed that the Colorado River originated in the territory.Early explorers identified the Gunnison River in Colorado as the headwaters of the Colorado River. The Grand River in Colorado was later tentatively identified as the primary headwaters of the river. Finally in 1916, E.C. LaRue, the Chief Hydrologist of the United States Geological Survey, identified the Green River in southwestern Wyoming as the proper headwaters of the actual, overall Colorado River. In 1776, Spanish priest Silvestre Vélez de Escalante recorded that Native Americans in the area knew the river as el Rio Colorado for the red-brown silt that the river carried from the mountains. In 1859, a U.S. Army topographic expedition led by Captain John Macomb located the confluence of the Green River with the Grand River in what is now Canyonlands National Park in Utah.Report of the exploring expedition from Santa Fé, New Mexico, to the junction of the Grand and Green Rivers of the great Colorado of the West, in 1859: under the command of Capt. J. N. Macomb, Corps of topographical engineers, Volume 1 [https://archive.org/stream/reportofexplorin00unitrich#page/n5/mode/2up @ archive.org] The Macomb party designated the confluence as the source of the Colorado River.", "precise_score": -10.489810943603516, "rough_score": -9.647428512573242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In 1862, a force of Texas cavalry invaded the Territory of New Mexico and captured Santa Fe on March 10. The object of this Western Campaign was to seize or disrupt the gold fields of Colorado and California and to seize ports on the Pacific Ocean for the Confederacy. A hastily organized force of Colorado volunteers force-marched from Denver City, Colorado Territory, to Glorieta Pass, New Mexico Territory, in an attempt to block the Texans. On March 28, the Coloradans and local New Mexico volunteers stopped the Texans at the Battle of Glorieta Pass, destroyed their cannon and supply wagons, and ran off 500 of their horses and mules. The Texans were forced to retreat to Santa Fe. Having lost the supplies for their campaign and finding little support in New Mexico, the Texans abandoned Santa Fe and returned to San Antonio in defeat. The Confederacy made no further attempts to seize the Southwestern United States.", "precise_score": -10.708394050598145, "rough_score": -10.74983024597168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In 1864, Territorial Governor John Evans appointed the Reverend John Chivington as Colonel of the Colorado Volunteers with orders to protect white settlers from Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors who were accused of stealing cattle. Colonel Chivington ordered his men to attack a band of Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped along Sand Creek. Chivington reported that his troops killed more than 500 warriors. The militia returned to Denver City in triumph, but several officers reported that the so-called battle was a blatant massacre of Indians at peace, that most of the dead were women and children, and that bodies of the dead had been hideously mutilated and desecrated. Three U.S. Army inquiries condemned the action, and incoming President Andrew Johnson asked Governor Evans for his resignation, but none of the perpetrators was ever punished. This event is now known as the Sand Creek massacre.", "precise_score": -10.956709861755371, "rough_score": -10.610552787780762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In the midst and aftermath of Civil War, many discouraged prospectors returned to their homes, but a few stayed and developed mines, mills, farms, ranches, roads, and towns in Colorado Territory. On September 14, 1864, James Huff discovered silver near Argentine Pass, the first of many silver strikes. In 1867, the Union Pacific Railroad laid its tracks west to Weir, now Julesburg, in the northeast corner of the Territory. The Union Pacific linked up with the Central Pacific Railroad at Promontory Summit, Utah, on May 10, 1869, to form the First Transcontinental Railroad. The Denver Pacific Railway reached Denver in June the following year, and the Kansas Pacific arrived two months later to forge the second line across the continent. In 1872, rich veins of silver were discovered in the San Juan Mountains on the Ute Indian reservation in southwestern Colorado. The Ute people were removed from the San Juans the following year.", "precise_score": -10.286974906921387, "rough_score": -8.849528312683105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The United States Congress passed an enabling act on March 3, 1875, specifying the requirements for the Territory of Colorado to become a state. On August 1, 1876 (28 days after the Centennial of the United States), U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state and earning it the moniker \"Centennial State\".", "precise_score": 8.89843463897705, "rough_score": 8.293768882751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The discovery of a major silver lode near Leadville in 1878 triggered the Colorado Silver Boom. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 invigorated silver mining, and Colorado's last, but greatest, gold strike at Cripple Creek a few months later lured a new generation of gold seekers. Colorado women were granted the right to vote beginning on November 7, 1893, making Colorado the second state to grant universal suffrage and the first one by a popular vote (of Colorado men). The repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act in 1893 led to a staggering collapse of the mining and agricultural economy of Colorado, but the state slowly and steadily recovered. Between the 1880s and 1930s, Denver's floriculture industry developed into a major industry in Colorado. This period became known locally as the Carnation Gold Rush. ", "precise_score": -9.118971824645996, "rough_score": -9.27059555053711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado became the first western state to host a major political convention when the Democratic Party met in Denver in 1908. By the U.S. Census in 1930, the population of Colorado first exceeded one million residents. Colorado suffered greatly through the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, but a major wave of immigration following World War II boosted Colorado's fortune. Tourism became a mainstay of the state economy, and high technology became an important economic engine. The United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Colorado exceeded five million in 2009.", "precise_score": -9.521139144897461, "rough_score": -10.640748977661133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is known for its Southwest and Rocky Mountain cuisine. Mexican restaurants are prominent throughout the state.", "precise_score": -10.093847274780273, "rough_score": -10.898477554321289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is open to pot tourism. With the adoption of their 64th state amendment In 2013 Colorado became the first state in the union to legalize the medicinal (2000), recreational (2014) and industrial (2013) use of marijuana. Colorado's marijuana industry sold 996 million dollars worth of marijuana in 2015. Colorado regulates hemp as any part of the plant with less than 0.03% THC. ", "precise_score": -8.1671724319458, "rough_score": -10.701306343078613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Amendment 64, adopted by the voters in the 2014 general election, forces the Colorado state legislature to enact legislation governing the cultivation, processing and sale of recreational marijuana and industrial hemp. On April 4, 2014 Senate Bill 14-184 addressing oversight of Colorado's industrial hemp program was first introduced, ultimately being signed into law by Governor John Hickenlooper on May 31, 2014. ", "precise_score": -10.985672950744629, "rough_score": -11.03201961517334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The federal government is also a major economic force in the state with many important federal facilities including NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command), United States Air Force Academy, Schriever Air Force Base located approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers) east of Peterson Air Force Base, and Fort Carson, both located in Colorado Springs within El Paso County; NOAA, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder; U.S. Geological Survey and other government agencies at the Denver Federal Center near Lakewood; the Denver Mint, Buckley Air Force Base, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals and the Byron G. Rogers Federal Building and United States Courthouse in Denver; and a federal Supermax Prison and other federal prisons near Cañon City. In addition to these and other federal agencies, Colorado has abundant National Forest land and four National Parks that contribute to federal ownership of 24615788 acre of land in Colorado, or 37% of the total area of the state. ", "precise_score": -10.878207206726074, "rough_score": -10.60594654083252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "A number of nationally known brand names have originated in Colorado factories and laboratories. From Denver came the forerunner of telecommunications giant Qwest in 1879, Samsonite luggage in 1910, Gates belts and hoses in 1911, and Russell Stover Candies in 1923. Kuner canned vegetables began in Brighton in 1864. From Golden came Coors beer in 1873, CoorsTek industrial ceramics in 1920, and Jolly Rancher candy in 1949. CF&I railroad rails, wire, nails and pipe debuted in Pueblo in 1892. Holly Sugar was first milled from beets in Holly in 1905, and later moved its headquarters to Colorado Springs. The present-day Swift packed meat of Greeley evolved from Monfort of Colorado, Inc., established in 1930. Estes model rockets were launched in Penrose in 1958. Fort Collins has been the home of Woodward Governor Company's motor controllers (governors) since 1870, and Waterpik dental water jets and showerheads since 1962. Celestial Seasonings herbal teas have been made in Boulder since 1969. Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory made its first candy in Durango in 1981.", "precise_score": -11.013701438903809, "rough_score": -9.921554565429688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Uranium mining in Colorado, United States, goes back to 1872, when pitchblende ore was taken from gold mines near Central City, Colorado. The Colorado uranium industry has seen booms and busts, but continues to this day. Not counting byproduct uranium from phosphate, Colorado is considered to have the third largest uranium reserves of any US state, behind Wyoming and New Mexico.", "precise_score": -10.499431610107422, "rough_score": -10.259101867675781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": " Amtrak operates two legendary passenger rail lines in Colorado, the California Zephyr and Southwest Chief. Colorado's contribution to world railroad history was forged principally by the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad which began in 1870 and wrote the book on mountain railroading. In 1988 the \"Rio Grande\" acquired, but was merged into, the Southern Pacific Railroad by their joint owner Philip Anschutz. On September 11, 1996, Anschutz sold the combined company to the Union Pacific Railroad, creating the largest railroad network in the United States. The Anschutz sale was partly in response to the earlier merger of Burlington Northern and Santa Fe which formed the large Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (BNSF), Union Pacific's principal competitor in western U.S. railroading. Both Union Pacific and BNSF have extensive freight operations in Colorado.", "precise_score": -10.600500106811523, "rough_score": -9.132695198059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Like the federal government and all other U.S. states, Colorado's state constitution provides for three branches of government: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial branches.", "precise_score": -10.508482933044434, "rough_score": -10.752300262451172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The state legislative body is the Colorado General Assembly, which is made up of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 65 members and the Senate has 35. , the Republican Party holds an 18 to 17 majority in the Senate and a 31 to 34 minority in the House.", "precise_score": -10.92039966583252, "rough_score": -10.557228088378906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Coloradan", "passage": "Most Coloradans are native to other states (nearly 60% according to the 2000 census), and this is illustrated by the fact that the state did not have a native-born governor from 1975 (when John David Vanderhoof left office) until 2007, when Bill Ritter took office; his election the previous year marked the first electoral victory for a native-born Coloradan in a gubernatorial race since 1958 (Vanderhoof had ascended from the Lieutenant Governorship when John Arthur Love was given a position in Richard Nixon's administration in 1973). ", "precise_score": -11.037696838378906, "rough_score": -11.013428688049316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is considered a swing state in both state and federal elections. Coloradans have elected 17 Democrats and 12 Republicans to the governorship in the last 100 years. In presidential politics, Colorado was considered a reliably Republican state during the post-World War II era, only voting for the Democratic candidate in 1948, 1964 and 1992. However, it became a competitive swing state by the turn of the century, and voted consecutively for Democrat Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012.", "precise_score": -10.45726203918457, "rough_score": -10.052002906799316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The state of Colorado is represented by its two United States Senators:", "precise_score": -9.307031631469727, "rough_score": -9.911556243896484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is represented by seven Representatives to the United States House of Representatives:", "precise_score": -9.943129539489746, "rough_score": -11.029099464416504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "On the November 8, 1932 ballot, Colorado approved the repeal of alcohol prohibition more than a year before the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified.", "precise_score": -10.539992332458496, "rough_score": -10.895126342773438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is notable for its diverse geography, ranging from alpine mountains, arid plains and deserts with huge sand dunes, deep canyons, sandstone and granite rock formations, rivers, lakes, and lush forests. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395111083984375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The borders of Colorado were originally defined to be lines of latitude and longitude, making its shape a latitude-longitude quadrangle which stretches from 37°N to 41°N latitude and from 102°03'W to 109°03'W longitude (25°W to 32°W from the Washington Meridian). Colorado, Wyoming and Utah are the only states which have boundaries defined solely by lines of latitude and longitude.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.217909812927246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The summit of Mount Elbert at elevation in Lake County is the highest point in Colorado and the Rocky Mountains of North America. Colorado is the only U.S. state that lies entirely above 1000 meters elevation. The point where the Arikaree River flows out of Yuma County, Colorado, and into Cheyenne County, Kansas, is the lowest point in Colorado at 1011 m elevation. This point, which holds the distinction of being the highest low elevation point of any state, is higher than the high elevation points of 18 states and the District of Columbia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.110998153686523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "A little less than one half of the area of Colorado is flat and rolling land. East of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Nebraska at elevations ranging from roughly 3350 to. The Colorado plains are usually thought of as prairies, but actually they have many patches of deciduous forests, buttes, and canyons, much like the high plains in New Mexico as well. Eastern Colorado is presently mainly covered in farmland, along with small farming villages and towns. Precipitation is fair, averaging from 15 to annually.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302789688110352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Corn, wheat, hay, soybeans, and oats are all typical crops, and most of the villages and towns in this region boast both a water tower and a grain elevator. As well as the farming of crops, Eastern Colorado has a good deal of livestock raising, such as at cattle ranches and hog farms and irrigation water is available from the South Platte, the Arkansas River, and a few other streams, and also from subterranean sources, including artesian wells. However, heavy use of ground water from wells for irrigation has caused underground water reserves to decline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.487447738647461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Roughly 70% of Colorado's population resides along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in the Front Range Urban Corridor between Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Pueblo, Colorado. This region is partially protected from prevailing storms that blow in from the Pacific Ocean region by the high Rockies in the middle of Colorado. The only other significant population centers are the cities of Grand Junction, Durango, and Montrose, all in western Colorado.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297308921813965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Continental Divide of the Americas extends along the crest of the Rocky Mountains. The area of Colorado to the west of the Continental Divide is called the Western Slope of Colorado. Drainage water west of the Continental Divide flows to the southwest via the Colorado River and the Green River into the Gulf of California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273072242736816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Within the interior of the Rocky Mountains are several large parks which are high broad basins. In the north, on the east side of the Continental Divide is the North Park of Colorado. The North Park is drained by the North Platte River, which flows north into Wyoming and Nebraska. Just to the south of North Park, but on the western side of the Continental Divide, is the Middle Park of Colorado, which is drained by the Colorado River. The South Park of Colorado is the region of the headwaters of the South Platte River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331247329711914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In southmost Colorado is the large San Luis Valley, where the headwaters of the Rio Grande are located. The valley sits between the Sangre De Cristo Mountains and San Juan Mountains, and consists of large desert lands that eventually run into the mountains. The Rio Grande drains due south into New Mexico, Mexico, and Texas. Across the Sangre de Cristo Range to the east of the San Luis Valley lies the Wet Mountain Valley. These basins, particularly the San Luis Valley, lie along the Rio Grande Rift, a major geological formation of the Rocky Mountains, and its branches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407105445861816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "To the west of the Great Plains of Colorado rises the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains. Notable peaks of the Rocky Mountains include Longs Peak, Mount Evans, Pikes Peak, and the Spanish Peaks near Walsenburg, in southern Colorado. This area drains to the east and the southeast, ultimately either via the Mississippi River or the Rio Grande into the Gulf of Mexico.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198153495788574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Rocky Mountains within Colorado contain about 53 peaks that are 14000 ft or higher in elevation above sea level, known as fourteeners. These mountains are largely covered with trees such as conifers and aspens up to the tree line, at an elevation of about 12140 ft in southern Colorado to about 10500 ft in northern Colorado. Above this only alpine vegetation grows. Only small parts of the Colorado Rockies are snow-covered year round.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225388526916504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado Western Slope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408769607543945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Western Slope of Colorado is drained by the Colorado River and its tributaries (primarily the Gunnison River, Green River and the San Juan River) or by evaporation in its arid areas. The Colorado River flows through Glenwood Canyon and then through an arid valley made up of desert from Rifle to Parachute, through the desert canyon of De Beque Canyon, and into the arid desert of Grand Valley, where the city of Grand Junction is located. Also prominent in or near the southern portion of the Western Slope are the Grand Mesa, which lies to the southeast of Grand Junction; the high San Juan Mountains, a rugged mountain range; and to the west of the San Juan Mountains, the Colorado Plateau, a high arid region that borders Southern Utah.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.275919914245605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The city of Grand Junction, Colorado is the largest city on the Western Slope. Grand Junction and Durango are the only major centers of television broadcasting west of the Continental Divide in Colorado, though most mountain resort communities publish daily newspapers. Higher education in and near the Western Slope can be found at Colorado Mesa University in Grand Junction, Western State College of Colorado in Gunnison, Fort Lewis College in Durango, and Colorado Mountain College in Glenwood Springs and Steamboat Springs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.264897346496582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Grand Junction is located along Interstate 70, the only major highway in Western Colorado. Grand Junction is also along the major railroad of the Western Slope, the Union Pacific. This railroad also provides the tracks for Amtrak's California Zephyr passenger train, which crosses the Rocky Mountains between Denver and Grand Junction via a route on which there are no continuous highways.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239653587341309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Western Slope lies in close proximity to multiple notable destinations in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, including Glenwood Springs, with its resort hot springs, and the ski resorts of Aspen, Breckenridge, Vail, Crested Butte, Steamboat Springs, and Telluride.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34149169921875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The northwestern corner of Colorado is a sparsely populated region, and it contains part of the noted Dinosaur National Monument, which is not only a paleontological area, but is also a scenic area of rocky hills, canyons, arid desert, and streambeds. Here, the Green River briefly crosses over into Colorado.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.327106475830078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "From west to east, the land of Colorado consists of desert lands, desert plateaus, alpine mountains, National Forests, relatively flat grasslands, scattered forests, buttes, and canyons in the western edge of the Great Plains. The famous Pikes Peak is located just west of Colorado Springs. Its isolated peak is visible from nearly the Kansas border on clear days, and also far to the north and the south. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.144042015075684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Desert lands in Colorado are located in and around areas such as the Pueblo, Canon City, Florence, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, San Luis Valley, Cortez, Canyon of the Ancients National Monument, Hovenweep National Monument, Ute Mountain, Delta, Grand Junction, Colorado National Monument, and other areas surrounding the Uncompahgre Plateau and Uncompahgre National Forest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.406517028808594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is one of four states in the United States that share a common geographic point the Four Corners together with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. At this intersection, it is possible to stand in four states at once.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.116522789001465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The climate of Colorado is more complex than states outside of the Mountain States region. Unlike most other states, southern Colorado is not always warmer than northern Colorado. Most of Colorado is made up of mountains, foothills, high plains, and desert lands. Mountains and surrounding valleys greatly affect local climate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433752059936523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "As a general rule, with an increase in elevation comes a decrease in temperature and an increase in precipitation. Northeast, east, and southeast Colorado are mostly the high plains, while Northern Colorado is a mix of high plains, foothills, and mountains. Northwest and west Colorado are predominantly mountainous, with some desert lands mixed in. Southwest and southern Colorado are a complex mixture of desert and mountain areas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40709400177002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Front Range urban corridor, where most of the population of Colorado resides, lies in a pronounced precipitation shadow as a result of being on the lee side of the Rocky Mountains. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.507644653320312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "West of the plains and foothills, the weather of Colorado is much less uniform. Even places a few miles apart can experience entirely different weather depending on the topography of the area. Most valleys have a semi-arid climate, which becomes an alpine climate at higher elevations. Humid microclimates also exist in some areas. Generally, the wettest season in western Colorado is winter while June is the driest month.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474245071411133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Extreme weather changes are common in Colorado, although the majority of extreme weather occurs in the least populated areas of the state. Thunderstorms are common east of the Continental Divide in the spring and summer, yet are usually brief. Hail is a common sight in the mountains east of the divide and in the northwest part of the state. The Eastern Plains have had some of the biggest hail storms in North America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.176407814025879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The plains are also susceptible to occasional floods, which are caused both by thunderstorms and by the rapid melting of snow in the mountains during warm weather. Notable examples include the Big Thompson River flooding of 1976 and the 2013 Colorado floods. Denver's record in 1901 for the number of consecutive days above 90 °F (32 °C) was broken during the summer of 2008. The new record of 24 consecutive days surpassed the previous record by almost a week. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.321321487426758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Much of Colorado is a very dry state averaging only 17 in of precipitation per year statewide and rarely experiences a time when some portion of the state is not in some degree of drought. The lack of precipitation contributes to the severity of wildfires in the state, such as the Hayman Fire, one of the largest wildfires in American history, and the Fourmile Canyon Fire of 2010, which until the Waldo Canyon Fire and High Park Fire of June 2012, and the Black Forest Fire of June 2013, was the most destructive wildfire in Colorado's recorded history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257280349731445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "However, some of the mountainous regions of Colorado receive a huge amount of moisture from winter snowfalls. The spring melts of these snows often cause great waterflows in the Yampa River, the Colorado River, the Rio Grande, the Arkansas River, Cherry Creek, the North Platte River, and the South Platte River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43697452545166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Water flowing out of the Colorado Rocky Mountains is a very significant source of water for the farms, towns, and cities of the southwest states of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada, as well as the Midwest, such as Nebraska and Kansas, and the southern states of Oklahoma and Texas. A significant amount of water is also diverted for use in California; occasionally (formerly naturally and consistently), the flow of water reaches northern Mexico.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234671592712402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Despite its mountainous terrain, Colorado is relatively quiescent seismically. The U.S. National Earthquake Information Center is located in Golden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.368626594543457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "On August 22, 2011, a 5.3 magnitude earthquake occurred nine miles west-southwest of the city of Trinidad. There were no casualties and only a small amount of damage was reported. It was the second largest earthquake in Colorado. A magnitude 5.7 earthquake was recorded in 1973. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269213676452637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Three warships of the U.S. Navy have been named the USS Colorado. The first USS Colorado was named for the Colorado River. The later two ships were named in honor of the state, including the battleship USS Colorado which served in World War II in the Pacific beginning in 1941. At the time of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, this USS Colorado was located at the naval base in San Diego, Calif. and hence went unscathed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.051509857177734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,456,574 on July 1, 2015, a 8.5% increase since the 2010 United States Census. Colorado's most populous city, and capital, is Denver. The Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area with an estimated 2013 population of 3,277,309, has 60% of the state's residents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235448837280273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The largest increases are expected in the Front Range Urban Corridor, especially in the Denver metropolitan area. The state's fastest-growing counties are Douglas and Weld. The center of population of Colorado is located just north of the village of Critchell in Jefferson County. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.288226127624512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "According to the 2010 United States Census, Colorado had a population of 5,029,196. Racial composition of the state's population was:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.276226997375488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "People of Hispanic and Latino American (of any race made) heritage, made up 20.7% of the population. According to the 2000 Census, the largest ancestry groups in Colorado are German (22%) including of Swiss and Austrian nationalities, Mexican (18%), Irish (12%), and English (12%). Persons reporting German ancestry are especially numerous in the Front Range, the Rockies (west-central counties) and Eastern parts/High Plains.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.500020027160645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado has a high proportion of Hispanic, mostly Mexican-American, citizens in Metropolitan Denver, Colorado Springs, as well as the smaller cities of Greeley and Pueblo, and elsewhere. Colorado is well known for its strong Latino culture and presence. Southern, Southwestern, and Southeastern Colorado has a large number of Hispanos, the descendants of the early Mexican settlers of colonial Spanish origin. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Colorado's population as 8.2% Hispanic and 90.3% non-Hispanic white. The Hispanic population of Colorado has continued to grow quickly over the past decades. By 2012, Hispanics made up 21% of Colorado's population, and Non-Hispanic Whites made up 69%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.178054809570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado, like New Mexico, is very rich in Spanish idioms. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398554801940918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado also has some large African-American communities located in Denver, in the neighborhoods of Montbello, Five Points, Whittier, and many other East Denver areas. A relatively large population of African Americans are also found in Colorado Springs on the east and southeast side of the city. The state has sizable numbers of Asian-Americans of Mongolian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Southeast Asian and Japanese descent. The highest population of Asian Americans can be found on the south and southeast side of Denver, as well as some on Denver's southwest side. The Denver metropolitan area is considered more liberal and diverse than much of the state when it comes to political issues and environmental concerns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.177621841430664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "There were a total of 70,331 births in Colorado in 2006. (Birth rate of 14.6 per thousand.) In 2007, non-Hispanic whites were involved in 59.1% of all the births. Some 14.06% of those births involved a non-Hispanic white person and someone of a different race, most often with a couple including one Hispanic. A birth where at least one Hispanic person was involved counted for 43% of the births in Colorado. As of the 2010 Census, Colorado has the seventh highest percentage of Hispanics (20.7%) in the U.S. behind New Mexico (46.3%), California (37.6%), Texas (37.6%), Arizona (29.6%), Nevada (26.5%), and Florida (22.5%). Per the 2000 census, the Hispanic population is estimated to be 918,899 or approximately 20% of the state total population. Colorado has the 5th largest population of Mexican-Americans behind California, Texas, Arizona, and Illinois. In percentages, Colorado has the 6th highest percentage of Mexican-Americans behind New Mexico, California, Texas, Arizona, and Nevada. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398972511291504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In 2011, 46% of Colorado's population younger than the age of one were minorities, meaning that they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.542074203491211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Major religious affiliations of the people of Colorado are 64% Christian, of whom there are 44% Protestants, 19% Roman Catholics, 3% Latter Day Saint/Mormon, 2% Jews, 1% Muslim, 1% Buddhist and 0.5% Hindu. The religiously unaffiliated make up 25% of the population. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.459467887878418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "According to several studies, Coloradans have the lowest rates of obesity of any state in the US. , 18% of the population was considered medically obese, and while the lowest in the nation, the percentage had increased from 17% in 2004. Former Colorado Governor Bill Ritter commented: \"As an avid fisherman and bike rider, I know first-hand that Colorado provides a great environment for active, healthy lifestyles,\" although he highlighted the need for continued education and support to slow the growth of obesity in the state. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263803482055664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* List of museums in Colorado", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434712409973145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Music of Colorado", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435235977172852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Theater in Colorado", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.446754455566406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "A number of film productions have shot on location in Colorado, especially prominent Westerns like True Grit, The Searchers and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. A number of historic military forts, railways with trains still operating, mining ghost towns have been utilized and transformed for historical accuracy in well known films. There are also a number of scenic highways and mountain passes that helped to feature the open road in films such as Vanishing Point, Bingo and Starman. Some Colorado landmarks have been featured in films, such as The Stanley Hotel in Dumb and Dumber and the Sculptured House in Sleeper. In 2015, Furious 7 to film driving sequences Pikes Peak Highway in Colorado. The TV Series, Good Luck Charlie was being filmed in Denver, Colorado. The Colorado Office of Film and Television has noted that over 400 films have been shot in Colorado. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.388047218322754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "There are also a number of established film festivals in Colorado, including Aspen Shortsfest, Boulder International Film Festival, Castle Rock Film Festival, Denver Film Festival, Festivus film festival, Mile High Horror Film Festival, Moondance International Film Festival, Mountainfilm in Telluride, Rocky Mountain Women's Film Festival, and Telluride Film Festival.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478446006774902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Boulder, Colorado was named America's Foodiest Town 2010 by Bon Appétit. Boulder, and Colorado in general, is home to a number of national food and beverage companies, top-tier restaurants and farmers' markets. Boulder, Colorado also has more Master Sommeliers per capita than any other city, including San Francisco and New York. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261406898498535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Food & Wine Classic is held annually each June in Aspen, Colorado. Aspen also has a reputation as the culinary capital of the Rocky Mountain region. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420328140258789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado wines include award-winning varietals that have attracted favorable notice from outside the state. With wines made from traditional Vitis vinifera grapes along with wines made from cherries, peaches, plums and honey, Colorado wines have won top national and international awards for their quality. Colorado's grape growing regions contain the highest elevation vineyards in the United States, with most viticulture in the state practiced between 4000 and above sea level. The mountain climate ensures warm summer days and cool nights. Colorado is home to two designated American Viticultural Areas of the Grand Valley AVA and the West Elks AVA, where most of the vineyards in the state are located. However, an increasing number of wineries are located along the Front Range. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.294819831848145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is home to many nationally praised microbreweries, including New Belgium Brewing Company, Odell Brewing Company, Great Divide Brewing Company, and Oskar Blues Brewery. The area of northern Colorado near the between the cities of Denver, Boulder, and Fort Collins is known as the \"Napa Valley of Beer\" due to its high density of craft breweries. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299454689025879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "On November 7, 2000, 54% of Colorado voters passed Amendment 20, which amends the Colorado State constitution to allow the medical use of marijuana. A patient's medical use of marijuana, within the following limits, is lawful:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432884216308594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Currently Colorado has listed \"eight medical conditions for which patients can use marijuana – cancer, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, muscle spasms, seizures, severe pain, severe nausea and cachexia or dramatic weight loss and muscle atrophy.\" Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper has allocated about half of the state's $13 million \"Medical Marijuana Program Cash Fund\" Several links are found, including .PDF documents to download. to medical research in the 2014 budget.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.547645568847656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "On November 6, 2012, voters amended the state constitution to protect \"personal use\" of marijuana for adults, establishing a framework to regulate marijuana in a manner similar to alcohol. The first recreational marijuana shops in Colorado, and by extension the United States, opened their doors on January 1, 2014. In Colorado marijuana sales generate high amounts of tax money to be used for repairs, schools etc. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220526695251465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "CNBC's list of \"Top States for Business for 2010\" has recognized Colorado as the third best state in the nation, falling short to only Texas and Virginia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.112130165100098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that the total state product in 2010 was $257.6 billion. Per capita personal income in 2010 was $51 940, ranking Colorado 11th in the nation. The state's economy broadened from its mid-19th century roots in mining when irrigated agriculture developed, and by the late 19th century, raising livestock had become important. Early industry was based on the extraction and processing of minerals and agricultural products. Current agricultural products are cattle, wheat, dairy products, corn, and hay.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136130332946777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In the second half of the 20th century, the industrial and service sectors have expanded greatly. The state's economy is diversified and is notable for its concentration of scientific research and high-technology industries. Other industries include food processing, transportation equipment, machinery, chemical products, the extraction of metals such as gold (see Gold mining in Colorado), silver, and molybdenum. Colorado now also has the largest annual production of beer of any state. Denver is an important financial center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.108244895935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado has a flat 4.63% income tax, regardless of income level. Unlike most states, which calculate taxes based on federal adjusted gross income, Colorado taxes are based on taxable income – income after federal exemptions and federal itemized (or standard) deductions. Colorado's state sales tax is 2.9% on retail sales. When state revenues exceed state constitutional limits, according to Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights legislation, full-year Colorado residents can claim a sales tax refund on their individual state income tax return. Many counties and cities charge their own rates in addition to the base state rate. There are also certain county and special district taxes that may apply.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46325969696045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Real estate and personal business property are taxable in Colorado. The state's senior property tax exemption was temporarily suspended by the Colorado Legislature in 2003. The tax break is scheduled to return for assessment year 2006, payable in 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418329238891602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Major philanthropic organizations based in Colorado, include the Daniels Fund, the Anschutz Family Foundation, the Gates Family Foundation, the El Pomar Foundation and the Boettcher Foundation grant each year from approximately $7 billion of assets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41574764251709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado has significant hydrocarbon resources. According to the Energy Information Administration, Colorado hosts seven of the Nation's 100 largest natural gas fields and two of its 100 largest oil fields. Conventional and unconventional natural gas output from several Colorado basins typically account for more than 5 percent of annual U.S. natural gas production. Colorado's oil shale deposits hold an estimated 1 Toilbbl of oil – nearly as much oil as the entire world's proven oil reserves; the economic viability of the oil shale, however, has not been demonstrated. Substantial deposits of bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coal are found in the state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46415901184082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Uranium price increases from 2001 to 2007 prompted a number of companies to revive uranium mining in Colorado. However, price drops and financing problems in late 2008 forced these companies to cancel or scale back uranium-mining projects. There are no currently producing uranium mines in Colorado.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.552983283996582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado's high Rocky Mountain ridges and eastern plains offer wind power potential, and geologic activity in the mountain areas provides potential for geothermal power development. Much of the state is sunny and could produce solar power. Major rivers flowing from the Rocky Mountains offer hydroelectric power resources. Corn grown in the flat eastern part of the state offers potential resources for ethanol production.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385727882385254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado's primary mode of transportation (in terms of passengers) is its highway system. Interstate 25 (I-25) is the primary north–south highway in the state, connecting Pueblo, Colorado Springs, Denver, and Fort Collins, and extending north to Wyoming and south to New Mexico. I-70 is the primary east–west corridor. It connects Grand Junction and the mountain communities with Denver, and enters Utah and Kansas. The state is home to a network of US and Colorado highways that provide access to all principal areas of the state. Smaller communities are only connected to this network via county roads.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.127262115478516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Denver International Airport (DIA) is the fourth busiest domestic U.S. airport and thirteenth busiest world airport DIA handles by far the largest volume of commercial air traffic in Colorado, and is the busiest U.S. hub airport between Chicago and the Pacific coast, making Denver the most important airport for connecting passenger traffic in the western United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.350441932678223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado's freight railroad network consists of 2,688 miles of Class I trackage. It is integral to the U.S. economy, being a critical artery for the movement of energy, agriculture, mining, and industrial commodities as well as general freight and manufactured products between the East and Midwest and the Pacific coast states. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.422154426574707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In August 2014, Colorado began to issue driver licenses to aliens not lawfully in the United States who lived in Colorado. In September 2014, KCNC reported that 524 non-citizens were issued licenses issued to U.S. Citizens living in Colorado.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313860893249512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Governor of Colorado heads the state's executive branch. The current governor is John Hickenlooper, a Democrat. Colorado's other statewide elected executive officers are the Lieutenant Governor of Colorado (elected on a ticket with the Governor), Secretary of State of Colorado, Colorado State Treasurer, and Attorney General of Colorado, all of whom serve four-year terms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.164815902709961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The seven-member Colorado Supreme Court is the highest judicial court in the state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220141410827637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The State of Colorado is divided into 64 counties. Counties are important units of government in Colorado since the state has no secondary civil subdivisions such as townships. Two of these counties, the City and County of Denver and the City and County of Broomfield, have consolidated city and county governments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.158048629760742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Nine Colorado counties have a population in excess of 250,000 each, while eight Colorado counties have a population of less than 2,500 each. The ten most populous Colorado counties are all located in the Front Range Urban Corridor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530802726745605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has defined one Combined Statistical Area (CSA),The United States Office of Management and Budget defines a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) as an aggregate of adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas that are linked by commuting ties. seven Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs),The United States Office of Management and Budget defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as a Core Based Statistical Area having at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties. and seven Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs) in the state of Colorado.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373366355895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The most populous of the 14 Core Based Statistical Areas in Colorado is the Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. This area had an estimated population of 2,599,504 on July 1, 2011, an increase of +2.20% since the 2010 United States Census.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401826858520508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The state of Colorado currently has 271 active incorporated municipalities, including 196 towns, 73 cities, and two consolidated city and county governments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285322189331055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado municipalities operate under one of five types of municipal governing authority. Colorado has one town with a territorial charter, 160 statutory towns, 12 statutory cities, 96 home rule municipalities (61 cities and 35 towns), and 2 consolidated city and county governments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476163864135742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In addition to its 271 municipalities, Colorado has 187 unincorporated Census Designated Places and many other small communities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.525710105895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The state of Colorado has more than 3,000 districts with taxing authority. These districts may provide schools, law enforcement, fire protection, water, sewage, drainage, irrigation, transportation, recreation, infrastructure, cultural facilities, business support, redevelopment, or other services.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418667793273926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Some of these districts have authority to levy sales tax and well as property tax and use fees. This has led to a hodgepodge of sales tax and property tax rates in Colorado. There are some street intersections in Colorado with a different sales tax rate on each corner, sometimes substantially different.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.551401138305664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Some of the more notable Colorado districts are:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4142427444458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "** According to the Colorado statute, the SCFD distributes the money to local organizations on an annual basis. These organizations must provide for the enlightenment and entertainment of the public through the production, presentation, exhibition, advancement or preservation of art, music, theater, dance, zoology, botany, natural history or cultural history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362390518188477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "** An 11-member board of directors oversees the distributions in accordance with the Colorado Revised Statutes. Seven board members are appointed by county commissioners (in Denver, the Denver City Council) and four members are appointed by the Governor of Colorado.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367082595825195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado politics has the contrast of conservative cities such as Colorado Springs and liberal cities such as Boulder and Denver. Democrats are strongest in metropolitan Denver, the college towns of Fort Collins and Boulder, southern Colorado (including Pueblo), and a few western ski resort counties. The Republicans are strongest in the Eastern Plains, Colorado Springs, Greeley, and far Western Colorado near Grand Junction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.276955604553223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Colorado's 1st congressional district – Diana DeGette (Democratic) 1997–", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.325732231140137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Colorado's 2nd congressional district – Jared Polis (Democratic) 2009–", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366893768310547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Colorado's 3rd congressional district – Scott Tipton (Republican) 2011–", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.271172523498535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Colorado's 4th congressional district – Ken Buck (Republican) 2015–", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.212980270385742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Colorado's 5th congressional district – Doug Lamborn (Republican) 2007–", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192930221557617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Colorado's 6th congressional district – Mike Coffman (Republican) 2009–", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35354232788086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Colorado's 7th congressional district – Ed Perlmutter (Democratic) 2007–", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265676498413086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Significant bills passed in Colorado", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425846099853516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In 2012, voters amended the state constitution protecting \"personal use\" of marijuana for adults, establishing a framework to regulate cannabis in a manner similar to alcohol. The first recreational marijuana shops in Colorado, and by extension the United States, opened their doors on January 1, 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.209068298339844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colleges and universities in Colorado:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36400032043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Art Institute of Colorado", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37891960144043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Colorado Christian University", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441468238830566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Colorado College", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.430739402770996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Colorado Mesa University", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47244930267334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Colorado Mountain College", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.511259078979492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Colorado Northwestern Community College", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491321563720703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Colorado School of Mines", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46215534210205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Colorado State University System", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349262237548828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "**Colorado State University", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29582405090332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "**Colorado State University-Pueblo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356489181518555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Colorado Technical University", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489364624023438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*University of Colorado System", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.455549240112305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "**University of Colorado Boulder", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42467212677002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "**University of Colorado Colorado Springs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448265075683594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "**University of Colorado Denver", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449923515319824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*University of Northern Colorado", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.423201560974121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "*Western State Colorado University ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.200489044189453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is currently the home of seven major military bases and installations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.501402854919434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado is home to four national parks, eight national monuments, two national recreation areas, two national historic sites, three national historic trails, one national scenic trail, 11 national forests, two national grasslands, 42 national wilderness areas, two national conservation areas, eight national wildlife refuges, 44 state parks, 307 state wildlife areas, and numerous other scenic, historic, and recreational areas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335785865783691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Units of the National Park System in Colorado:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462386131286621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "* Colorado National Monument", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38452434539795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Colorado has five major professional sports leagues, all based in the Denver metropolitan area. Colorado is the least populous state with a franchise in each of the major professional sports leagues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40162467956543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The following universities and colleges participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. The most popular college sports program is the University of Colorado Buffaloes, who used to play in the Big-12 but now play in the Pac-12. They have won the 1957 and 1991 Orange Bowl, 1995 Fiesta Bowl and 1996 Cotton Bowl Classic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297744750976562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colorado" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "On October 7, 1967, an informant apprised the Bolivian Special Forces of the location of Guevara's guerrilla encampment in the Yuro ravine. On the morning of October 8, they encircled the area with two battalions numbering 1,800 soldiers and advanced into the ravine triggering a battle where Guevara was wounded and taken prisoner while leading a detachment with Simeón Cuba Sarabia. Che biographer Jon Lee Anderson reports Bolivian Sergeant Bernardino Huanca's account: that as the Bolivian Rangers approached, a twice-wounded Guevara, his gun rendered useless, threw up his arms in surrender and shouted to the soldiers: \"Do not shoot! I am Che Guevara and I am worth more to you alive than dead.\" ", "precise_score": 4.313730239868164, "rough_score": 2.509547233581543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara was tied up and taken to a dilapidated mud schoolhouse in the nearby village of La Higuera on the evening of October 8. For the next half day, Guevara refused to be interrogated by Bolivian officers and would only speak quietly to Bolivian soldiers. One of those Bolivian soldiers, a helicopter pilot named Jaime Nino de Guzman, describes Che as looking \"dreadful\". According to Guzman, Guevara was shot through the right calf, his hair was matted with dirt, his clothes were shredded, and his feet were covered in rough leather sheaths. Despite his haggard appearance, he recounts that \"Che held his head high, looked everyone straight in the eyes and asked only for something to smoke.\" De Guzman states that he \"took pity\" and gave him a small bag of tobacco for his pipe, and that Guevara then smiled and thanked him. Later on the night of October 8, Guevara—despite having his hands tied—kicked a Bolivian army officer, named Captain Espinosa, against a wall after the officer entered the schoolhouse and tried to snatch Guevara's pipe from his mouth as a souvenir while he was still smoking it. In another instance of defiance, Guevara spat in the face of Bolivian Rear Admiral Ugarteche, who attempted to question Guevara a few hours before his execution.", "precise_score": 3.0565600395202637, "rough_score": -2.671643018722534, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Later that morning on October 9, Bolivian President René Barrientos ordered that Guevara be killed. The order was relayed to the unit holding Guevara by Félix Rodríguez despite the United States government's desire that Guevara be taken to Panama for further interrogation. The executioner who volunteered to kill Guevara was Mario Terán, an alcoholic 31-year-old sergeant in the Bolivian army who had personally requested to shoot Guevara because three of his friends from B Company, all with the same first name of \"Mario\", had been killed in an earlier firefight with Guevara's band of guerrillas. To make the bullet wounds appear consistent with the story that the Bolivian government planned to release to the public, Félix Rodríguez ordered Terán not to shoot Guevara in the head, but to aim carefully to make it appear that Guevara had been killed in action during a clash with the Bolivian army. Gary Prado, the Bolivian captain in command of the army company that captured Guevara, said that the reasons Barrientos ordered the immediate execution of Guevara were so there would be no possibility for Guevara to escape from prison, and also so there would be no drama in regard to a public trial where adverse publicity might happen. ", "precise_score": 2.896880865097046, "rough_score": -2.514425039291382, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "A declassified memorandum dated October 11, 1967 to United States President Lyndon B. Johnson from his National Security Advisor Walt Whitman Rostow, called the decision to kill Guevara \"stupid\" but \"understandable from a Bolivian standpoint\". After the execution Rodríguez took several of Guevara's personal items—including a Rolex GMT Master wristwatch that he continued to wear many years later—often showing them to reporters during the ensuing years. After a military doctor amputated his hands, Bolivian army officers transferred Guevara's body to an undisclosed location and refused to reveal whether his remains had been buried or cremated. The hands were preserved in formaldehyde to be sent to Buenos Aires for fingerprint identification. (His fingerprints were on file with the Argentine police.) They were later sent to Cuba.", "precise_score": 4.05401611328125, "rough_score": 2.0683445930480957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Meanwhile, Guevara remains a national hero in Cuba, where his image adorns the 3 peso banknote and school children begin each morning by pledging \"We will be like Che.\" In his homeland of Argentina, where high schools bear his name, numerous Che museums dot the country, which in 2008 unveiled a 12 ft bronze statue of him in the city of his birth, Rosario. Additionally, Guevara has been sanctified by some Bolivian campesinos as \"Saint Ernesto\", who pray to him for assistance. In stark contrast, Guevara remains a hated figure amongst many in the Cuban exile and Cuban-American community of the United States, who view him with animosity as \"the butcher of La Cabaña\". Despite this polarized status, a high-contrast monochrome graphic of Che's face, created in 1968 by Irish artist Jim Fitzpatrick, became a universally merchandized and objectified image, found on an endless array of items, including T-shirts, hats, posters, tattoos, and bikinis, ironically contributing to the consumer culture Guevara despised. Yet, he still remains a transcendent figure both in specifically political contexts and as a wide-ranging popular icon of youthful rebellion.O'Hagan 2004.", "precise_score": 0.24854740500450134, "rough_score": -3.429896593093872, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals, instituting agrarian land reform as minister of industries, helping spearhead a successful nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both national bank president and instructional director for Cuba's armed forces, and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism. Such positions also allowed him to play a central role in training the militia forces who repelled the Bay of Pigs Invasion and bringing the Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles to Cuba which precipitated the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, he was a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on guerrilla warfare, along with a best-selling memoir about his youthful continental motorcycle journey. His experiences and studying of Marxism–Leninism led him to posit that the Third World's underdevelopment and dependence was an intrinsic result of imperialism, neocolonialism, and monopoly capitalism, with the only remedy being proletarian internationalism and world revolution. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA-assisted Bolivian forces and summarily executed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.201035022735596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "On July 7, 1953, Guevara set out again, this time to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador. On December 10, 1953, before leaving for Guatemala, Guevara sent an update to his Aunt Beatriz from San José, Costa Rica. In the letter Guevara speaks of traversing through the dominion of the United Fruit Company; a journey which convinced him that Company's capitalist system was a terrible one. This affirmed indignation carried the more aggressive tone he adopted in order to frighten his more Conservative relatives, and ends with Guevara swearing on an image of the then recently deceased Joseph Stalin, not to rest until these \"octopuses have been vanquished\". Later that month, Guevara arrived in Guatemala where President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán headed a democratically elected government that, through land reform and other initiatives, was attempting to end the latifundia system. To accomplish this, President Árbenz had enacted a major land reform program, where all uncultivated portions of large land holdings were to be expropriated and redistributed to landless peasants. The biggest land owner, and one most affected by the reforms, was the United Fruit Company, from which the Árbenz government had already taken more than of uncultivated land. Pleased with the road the nation was heading down, Guevara decided to settle down in Guatemala so as to \"perfect himself and accomplish whatever may be necessary in order to become a true revolutionary.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.120710372924805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In the face of a loss of commercial connections with Western states, Guevara tried to replace them with closer commercial relationships with Eastern Bloc states, visiting a number of Marxist states and signing trade agreements with them. At the end of 1960 he visited Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, North Korea, Hungary and East Germany and signed, for instance, a trade agreement in East Berlin on December 17, 1960. Such agreements helped Cuba's economy to a certain degree but also had the disadvantage of a growing economic dependency on the Eastern Bloc. It was also in East Germany where Guevara met Tamara Bunke (later known as \"Tania\"), who was assigned as his interpreter, and who would years later join him, and be killed with him in Bolivia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.789148330688477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara was reluctant to return to Cuba, because Castro had made public Guevara's \"farewell letter\"—a letter intended to only be revealed in the case of his death—wherein he severed all ties in order to devote himself to revolution throughout the world. As a result, Guevara spent the next six months living clandestinely in Dar es Salaam and Prague. During this time, he compiled his memoirs of the Congo experience and wrote drafts of two more books, one on philosophy and the other on economics. As Guevara prepared for Bolivia, he secretly traveled back to Cuba to visit Castro, as well as to see his wife and to write a last letter to his five children to be read upon his death, which ended with him instructing them: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.869695663452148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Bolivia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306995391845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Before he departed for Bolivia, Guevara altered his appearance by shaving off his beard and much of his hair, also dying it grey so he would be unrecognizable as Che Guevara. On November 3, 1966, Guevara secretly arrived in La Paz on a flight from Montevideo under the false name Adolfo Mena González, posing as a middle-aged Uruguayan businessman working for the Organization of American States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.265825271606445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Three days after his arrival in Bolivia, Guevara left La Paz for the rural south east region of the country to form his guerrilla army. Guevara's first base camp was located in the montane dry forest in the remote Ñancahuazú region. Training at the camp in the Ñancahuazú valley proved to be hazardous, and little was accomplished in way of building a guerrilla army. The Argentine-born East German operative Haydée Tamara Bunke Bider, better known by her nom de guerre \"Tania\", had been installed as Che's primary agent in La Paz. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.507968425750732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara's guerrilla force, numbering about 50 men and operating as the ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional de Bolivia; \"National Liberation Army of Bolivia\"), was well equipped and scored a number of early successes against Bolivian army regulars in the difficult terrain of the mountainous Camiri region during the early months of 1967. As a result of Guevara's units' winning several skirmishes against Bolivian troops in the spring and summer of 1967, the Bolivian government began to overestimate the true size of the guerrilla force. But in August 1967, the Bolivian Army managed to eliminate two guerrilla groups in a violent battle, reportedly killing one of the leaders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.602471828460693, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Researchers hypothesize that Guevara's plan for fomenting a revolution in Bolivia failed for an array of reasons:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.719376564025879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "* He had expected to deal only with the Bolivian military, who were poorly trained and equipped, and was unaware that the United States government had sent a team of the CIA's Special Activities Division commandos and other operatives into Bolivia to aid the anti-insurrection effort. The Bolivian Army would also be trained, advised, and supplied by U.S. Army Special Forces, including a recently organized elite battalion of U.S. Rangers trained in jungle warfare that set up camp in La Esperanza, a small settlement close to the location of Guevara's guerrillas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.165464401245117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "* Guevara had expected assistance and cooperation from the local dissidents that he did not receive, nor did he receive support from Bolivia's Communist Party under the leadership of Mario Monje, which was oriented toward Moscow rather than Havana. In Guevara's own diary captured after his death, he wrote about the Communist Party of Bolivia, which he characterized as \"distrustful, disloyal and stupid\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.736461639404297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In addition, Guevara's known preference for confrontation rather than compromise, which had previously surfaced during his guerrilla warfare campaign in Cuba, contributed to his inability to develop successful working relationships with local rebel leaders in Bolivia, just as it had in the Congo. This tendency had existed in Cuba, but had been kept in check by the timely interventions and guidance of Fidel Castro. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.350022315979004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "The end result was that Guevara was unable to attract inhabitants of the local area to join his militia during the eleven months he attempted recruitment. Many of the inhabitants willingly informed the Bolivian authorities and military about the guerrillas and their movements in the area. Near the end of the Bolivian venture, Guevara wrote in his diary that \"the peasants do not give us any help, and they are turning into informers.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.905537605285645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Félix Rodríguez, a Cuban exile turned CIA Special Activities Division operative, advised Bolivian troops during the hunt for Guevara in Bolivia. In addition, the 2007 documentary My Enemy's Enemy alleges that Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie advised and possibly helped the CIA orchestrate Guevara's eventual capture.[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/dec/23/world.secondworldwar Barbie \"Boasted of Hunting Down Che\"] by David Smith, The Observer, December 23, 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.255005836486816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "About 30 minutes before Guevara was killed, Félix Rodríguez attempted to question him about the whereabouts of other guerrilla fighters who were currently at large, but Guevara continued to remain silent. Rodríguez, assisted by a few Bolivian soldiers, helped Guevara to his feet and took him outside the hut to parade him before other Bolivian soldiers where he posed with Guevara for a photo opportunity where one soldier took a photograph of Rodríguez and other soldiers standing alongside Guevara. A little later, Guevara was asked by one of the Bolivian soldiers guarding him if he was thinking about his own immortality. \"No,\" he replied, \"I'm thinking about the immortality of the revolution.\" A few minutes later, Sergeant Terán entered the hut to shoot him, whereupon Guevara reportedly said: \"I know you've come to kill me. Shoot, coward, you are only going to kill a man.\" Terán hesitated, then pointed his self-loading M2 Carbine at Guevara and opened fire, hitting him in the arms and legs. Then, as Guevara writhed on the ground, apparently biting one of his wrists to avoid crying out, Terán fired another burst, fatally wounding him in the chest. Guevara was pronounced dead at 1:10 pm local time according to Rodríguez. In all, Guevara was shot nine times by Terán. This included five times in his legs, once in the right shoulder and arm, and once in the chest and throat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.642866611480713, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Also removed when Guevara was captured were his 30,000-word, hand-written diary, a collection of his personal poetry, and a short story he had authored about a young Communist guerrilla who learns to overcome his fears. His diary documented events of the guerrilla campaign in Bolivia, with the first entry on November 7, 1966, shortly after his arrival at the farm in Ñancahuazú, and the last dated October 7, 1967, the day before his capture. The diary tells how the guerrillas were forced to begin operations prematurely because of discovery by the Bolivian Army, explains Guevara's decision to divide the column into two units that were subsequently unable to re-establish contact, and describes their overall unsuccessful venture. It also records the rift between Guevara and the Communist Party of Bolivia that resulted in Guevara having significantly fewer soldiers than originally expected, and shows that Guevara had a great deal of difficulty recruiting from the local populace, partly because the guerrilla group had learned Quechua, unaware that the local language was actually a Tupí–Guaraní language. As the campaign drew to an unexpected close, Guevara became increasingly ill. He suffered from ever-worsening bouts of asthma, and most of his last offensives were carried out in an attempt to obtain medicine. The Bolivian diary was quickly and crudely translated by Ramparts magazine and circulated around the world. There are at least four additional diaries in existence—those of Israel Reyes Zayas (Alias \"Braulio\"), Harry Villegas Tamayo (\"Pombo\"), Eliseo Reyes Rodriguez (\"Rolando\") and Dariel Alarcón Ramírez (\"Benigno\") —each of which reveals additional aspects of the events.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.668316841125488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "French intellectual Régis Debray, who was captured in April 1967 while with Guevara in Bolivia, gave an interview from prison in August 1968, in which he enlarged on the circumstances of Guevara's capture. Debray, who had lived with Guevara's band of guerrillas for a short time, said that in his view they were \"victims of the forest\" and thus \"eaten by the jungle\". Debray described a destitute situation where Guevara's men suffered malnutrition, lack of water, absence of shoes, and only possessed six blankets for 22 men. Debray recounts that Guevara and the others had been suffering an \"illness\" which caused their hands and feet to swell into \"mounds of flesh\" to the point where you could not discern the fingers on their hands. Debray described Guevara as \"optimistic about the future of Latin America\" despite the futile situation, and remarked that Guevara was \"resigned to die in the knowledge that his death would be a sort of renaissance\", noting that Guevara perceived death \"as a promise of rebirth\" and \"ritual of renewal\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.187585353851318, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In late 1995, the retired Bolivian General Mario Vargas revealed to Jon Lee Anderson, author of Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life, that Guevara's corpse lay near a Vallegrande airstrip. The result was a multi-national search for the remains, which would last more than a year. In July 1997 a team of Cuban geologists and Argentine forensic anthropologists discovered the remnants of seven bodies in two mass graves, including one man with amputated hands (like Guevara). Bolivian government officials with the Ministry of Interior later identified the body as Guevara when the excavated teeth \"perfectly matched\" a plaster mold of Che's teeth made in Cuba prior to his Congolese expedition. The \"clincher\" then arrived when Argentine forensic anthropologist Alejandro Inchaurregui inspected the inside hidden pocket of a blue jacket dug up next to the handless cadaver and found a small bag of pipe tobacco. Nino de Guzman, the Bolivian helicopter pilot who had given Che a small bag of tobacco, later remarked that he \"had serious doubts\" at first and \"thought the Cubans would just find any old bones and call it Che\"; but \"after hearing about the tobacco pouch, I have no doubts.\" On October 17, 1997, Guevara's remains, with those of six of his fellow combatants, were laid to rest with military honors in a specially built mausoleum in the Cuban city of Santa Clara, where he had commanded over the decisive military victory of the Cuban Revolution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.401190757751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In July 2008, the Bolivian government of Evo Morales unveiled Guevara's formerly-sealed diaries composed in two frayed notebooks, along with a logbook and several black-and-white photographs. At this event Bolivia's vice-minister of culture, Pablo Groux, expressed that there were plans to publish photographs of every handwritten page later in the year. Meanwhile, in August 2009 anthropologists working for Bolivia's Justice Ministry discovered and unearthed the bodies of five of Guevara's fellow guerrillas near the Bolivian town of Teoponte. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.620077133178711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "* The Bolivian Diary of Ernesto Che Guevara, Pathfinder Press, 1994, ISBN 0-87348-766-4", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.198111057281494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "Speed Racer, also known as , is a Japanese animated franchise about automobile racing. Mach GoGoGo was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 Shōnen Book. It was released in tankōbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha. Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968. The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008.", "precise_score": 2.744070053100586, "rough_score": -0.18133828043937683, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "The name of the series, Mach GoGoGo has a triple meaning: is the name of the car; the name of the main character is Gō Mifune; and finally, it contains the English word, go. In the American adaptation, the Mach 5 stems from being the Japanese word for the number 5; also, Gō Mifune became Speed Racer. In addition, gogogo, is used as a general Japanese sound effect for rumble. Taken together, the program's title means, \"Mach-gō, Gō Mifune, Go!\". In the American version, this would translate into \"Go, Speed Racer, Go!\"", "precise_score": 2.813253879547119, "rough_score": -1.9653247594833374, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "The English rights to Mach GoGoGo were acquired by syndicator Trans-Lux, and Speed Racer premiered on American television in the fall of 1967. In the series, Speed’s full name was Go Mifune, in homage to Japanese film star Toshiro Mifune. His name, Americanized, became Speed Racer. His adventures centered on his powerful Mach 5 car, his girlfriend Trixie, his little brother Spritle (with his pet chimp Chim-Chim), and his mysterious older brother, Racer X. For American consumption, major editing and dubbing efforts were undertaken by producer Peter Fernandez, who also provided the voices of many of the characters, most notably Racer X and Speed Racer himself. Fernandez was also responsible for a rearrangement of the theme song's melody, written by Nobuyoshi Koshibe, and subsequently wrote its English lyrics. The theme was performed in the opening and closing titles (uncredited) by Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass.", "precise_score": 3.351656198501587, "rough_score": 1.1149160861968994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": ":The protagonist of both the anime and the manga is Speed Racer, originally Gō Mifune. He is known for his love of racing and valuing his family. He drives the Mach 5 (as well as other cars, such as the Mach 6 in the movie) and always manages to wind up in extreme danger with either his younger brother or his girlfriend Trixie. Speed is shown to miss his older brother, Rex (secretly disguised as the Racer X), in both versions. He is portrayed by actor Emile Hirsch in the 2008 film. ", "precise_score": 0.740262508392334, "rough_score": -1.0643242597579956, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "The Mach 5, Speed Racer's car (\"Mach Go,\" or \"Mach,\" in the Japanese version), is a technological marvel, containing useful pieces of equipment. Gō Mifune/Speed Racer easily deployed these gadgets by pressing buttons marked \"A\" through \"G\" on the steering wheel hub (although there are buttons on the steering wheel in the manga, the letter designations are exclusive to the anime and the 2008 live action film). This uniquely designed car, built with a sleek coke bottle bodystyle, has a white exterior with a large \"M\" on its hood, the logo for the family business, Mifune Motors (changed to Pops Motors in the anime and Racer Motors in the live action film). The two-seat car had a mostly red-colored interior. The number 5 is emblazoned on both side doors of the car. In the manga and anime this is the car's racing number; in the film, it is because it is the fifth car built in Pops' \"Mach\" series of racing vehicles. Although technically inferior to other racing vehicles such as the Mammoth Car and the GRX, the Mach 5 manages to win most races because of Speed's superior driving skill.", "precise_score": 0.5948647260665894, "rough_score": -1.3162000179290771, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "*At the end of the manga, Rex Racer is portrayed driving the Mach 5 — a scene that may have inspired the backstory of the car in the live-action film, in which it originally belonged to Rex who relinquished ownership to his younger brother, Speed.", "precise_score": -0.24866151809692383, "rough_score": -2.8808188438415527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "Selected chapters of the manga were released by NOW Comics in the 1990s under the title Speed Racer Classics. These were later released by Wildstorm Productions, a division of DC Comics, as Speed Racer: The Original Manga. In 2008, under its Americanized title, Speed Racer, Mach GoGoGo was republished in its entirety in the United States by Digital Manga Publishing and was released as a box set to commemorate the franchise's 40th anniversary, as well as serving as a tie-in with the 2008 film. The television series itself is an early example of an anime becoming a successful franchise in the United States, spawning multiple spinoffs in both print and broadcast media.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.479762315750122, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "Mach GoGoGo was first created and designed by anime pioneer Tatsuo Yoshida (1932–1977) as a manga series in the 1960s and made the jump to TV as an anime series in 1967. The actual manga was inspired by Yoshida’s earlier, and more popular automobile racing comics, Pilot Ace. Pilot Ace’s main storyline would form the structure for Mach GoGoGo, which followed the adventures of an ambitious young man who became a professional racer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.582547664642334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "The characters’ designs in Pilot Ace would set the main ground for the character design in Mach GoGoGo. Yoshida got his idea for the story after seeing two films that were very popular in Japan at the time, Viva Las Vegas and Goldfinger. By combining the look of Elvis Presley's race-car driving image, complete with neckerchief and black pompadour, and James Bond's gadget-filled Aston Martin, Yoshida had the inspiration for his creation. Soon enough, Mach GoGoGo hit shelves in the early 1960s. The central character in the anime and manga was a young race car driver named Gō Mifune (Mifune Gō).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.892738342285156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "Selected chapters of the original Mach GoGoGo manga series were reprinted by Now Comics as Speed Racer Classics and by DC Comics/Wildstorm Productions as Speed Racer: The Original Manga. In 2008, a hardcover box set of the complete manga series was released by Digital Manga Publishing as Speed Racer: Mach Go Go Go.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.062286853790283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "The manga spawned an anime adaptation which actually became a bigger success. In 1997, Tatsunoko produced a modernized version of Mach GoGoGo which aired on TV Tokyo, lasting for 34 episodes. An English adaptation of this remake was produced by DiC titled Speed Racer X, which aired in 2002 on Nickelodeon. Only the first 11 episodes were adapted due to licensing disputes between DiC and the Speed Racer Enterprise. Mach Girl was a web based series by Tatsunoko Productions, created by Tatsuo Yoshida's daughter, Suzuka. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.573761463165283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "In a 2008 interview with Chicago Tribune DVD columnist Louis R. Carlozo, Fernandez recalled that he landed the job working on \"Speed Racer\" after ghost-writing scripts for Astro-Boy and Gigantor. Fernandez also voiced the main character and wrote scripts for another anime series, Marine Boy, sometimes taping both shows on the same day in New York City. Fernandez said he could not have predicted Speed Racer's lasting appeal at the time or in the decades that followed. Reflecting on the series' staying power, he commented: \"There was the family relationship. You knew about Speed's family, you knew them well. They were all involved in each race. And we all play with cars as little kids, we love cars. The Mach 5 was a hot car, and there were all sorts of cars throughout all episodes. I still think the Mach Five is ahead of its time.\" In an effort to squeeze the complicated plots into existing lip movements, the frantic pace of the dubbing made Speed Racer famous (and famously parodied) for its quirky \"fast\" dialogue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.598820209503174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "The large red M on the hood of the Mach 5, as well as on Gō's helmet, is the emblem of Mifune Motors, the family business, and an homage to Japanese film star Toshiro Mifune. In North America it was assumed to stand for Mach 5, and in the Latin American version, for Meteoro. His given name, Gō, is a Japanese homophone for the number 5 (the number on his race car) which is also represented by the yellow letter G embroidered on his short-sleeve blue shirt. The tradition of symbolism on characters' shirts would also be used on Michi (Trixie) and Sabu (Sparky), who had the letter \"M\" and \"S\" on their shirts, respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.904654502868652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "The overall purpose of the anime was to please a growing fan base worldwide with exciting stories that involved facing adversity on the race track and beyond. There is some argument over how much was edited from the original series. Some say the original Mach GoGoGo episodes underwent minor editing to reach the form which aired in the US; others say it underwent major editing. Nevertheless, it was considered appropriate entertainment for the whole family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82144832611084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "According to the Peter Fernandez's introduction in the American release of the Mach GoGoGo manga, Spritle got his name for being an energetic \"sprite\". Chim-Chim got his name because he was considered a chimpanzee. In the live action film, they are portrayed faithfully like they were in both the anime and the manga. Spritle was portrayed by Paulie Litt in the film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911576271057129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "The Mach 5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.981325149536133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "The Mach 5 has been stolen from Speed a few times, once when Cornpone Blotch took the car to add it to his car collection in the \"Girl Daredevil\" saga. However, Speed always gets it back at the end of the episode. At one point, the car was replicated, functions and all, by Dr. Nightcall. However, this replica included other new abilities that would inspire later functions of the car in remakes of the show, one of which were the Aero-Jacks, used as a replacement for the Auto Jacks in Speed Racer X. In manga continuity, the Mach 5 was destroyed and rebuilt. See Manga and Anime Differences for more information on the Mach 5's manga continuity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.323714733123779, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "In both American comic and movie continuity, Pops is portrayed as having built a \"Mach\" Series consisting of other variants such as the Mach 4 and Mach 6 in addition to Rex Racer's Mach 1 and the Mach 5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.240466117858887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Five", "passage": "The Shooting Star is Racer X's car, colored bright yellow with a black front bumper and numbered 9 on the hood and sides. The car's engine is located in the back, and it is a very agile machine, often displaying abilities akin to and above those of the Mach Five. Many of its high-tech features allowed Racer X to keep an eye on Speed Racer, who is his younger brother.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.025240898132324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Five", "passage": "In the 2008 film adaptation, the car makes an appearance but is not named. The car was the only car built in addition to the Mach Five for the movie, and features weapons like machine guns mounted above the cockpit and under the chassis. In addition to this car, Racer X also drives a car built for the competitions in the film, a T180. This car was entitled the \"Augury\" in the film's video game counterpart. Like Racer X's unnamed street car, it features a number 9 and has the black and yellow color scheme, with a large black \"X\" on the front bumper. The T180 only makes one appearance in the film, when Racer X competes to protect Speed in the Fuji race after he has rejected Royalton's offer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.772092342376709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "*Although many of the Mach 5's special features are seen in the manga, including buttons on the steering wheel, they are not marked with letters, except for the large, central button, which is marked with an M (instead of G).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.047780990600586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "*In the manga, the Mach 5 is destroyed once. When it is rebuilt, the Mach 5 is fitted with gadgets that are technologically upgraded from the gadgets that were on the old Mach 5. The auto-jacks are superseded by the aero-jacks, which did not make an appearance in the original anime series. (This idea would be used in the 1990s Japanese remake, replacing the auto-jacks.) This new Mach 5 is also fitted with regenerating tires, called the auto-spare, which did not appear in the original anime. However, the concept of regenerating tires is used in the 2008 live-action film. The new Mach 5 is also fitted with small aerodynamic wings, to assist Speed in longer and farther jumps. This idea would later be adapted to the original anime version, although the reason behind the upgrade is different from that of the original manga.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.53685474395752, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "The first major toy line of Speed Racer was developed in 1992 by Pangea Corporation for Ace Novelty Toy Company. Products focused on both the classic Speed Racer anime program from Tatsunoko, plus a whole new line based on the Fred Wolf series, The New Adventures of Speed Racer. Lego released new Speed Racer construction sets to coincide with the release of the Speed Racer film. These include a 242 piece Speed and Snake Oiler set, a 237 piece Racer X and Taejo Togokhan set, a 367 piece Racer X and Cruncher Block set, and a 595 piece Grand Prix set, which includes Trixie, Pops, Speed, Spritle, Chim-Chim, 2 racers, and a racing announcer. Mattel had the master toy license for the 2008 Speed Racer film, including action figures, related vehicles, and accessories. Mattel's Hot Wheels division produced miniature replicas of the Mach 5 called the Second Wind, and their Barbie Collector division released a collector doll set featuring Trixie and Speed as they appeared in the film. Also, a Mattel product called UB FunKeys got a new patch, which included a Speed Racer zone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.38166880607605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "Jada Toys held the rights to produce die-cast replicas of the Mach 5 from the original animated series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.078618049621582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach V", "passage": "Resaurus produced two series of five-inch (127 mm) action figures, rich with articulation and accessories; as well as a full-sized Mach V in 1999. A third series of figures and a full-sized Shooting Star were planned, but the line folded before this could happen. Toynami is currently releasing a large-scale version of the Speed Racer vehicles, including a Mach Five playset complete with all of its gadgets. The company Polar Lights is currently manufacturing two 1/25-scale (according to the box) model kits in standard \"glue\" and snap-together variations (though the scale of the model inside is closer to 1/32). These can be built with or without the waterproof bubble canopy at the modeler's discretion. The kits feature a homing robot and separate jacks; and a rear engine (possibly a tip to NOW comics, which illustrated the engine in the rear).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.852896690368652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "RC ERTL has produced Speed Racer's Mach 5 in 1:18 Die Cast Form with many features of the animated car, including pop out saw blades, ion jacks, opening doors, hood and trunk. It includes Spritle Racer and Chim-Chim figures. Special variants were made with decals celebrating Racer X and other characters from the series as part of the 35th Anniversary Edition in 2001. A similar die-cast version of Racer X's Shooting Star was produced as well. It has now been retired from production and is a sought-after collectible.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.5545454025268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach Go", "passage": "A video game based on the 1997 series, simply titled Mach Go Go Go, was released by TOSE and Tomy for the Game Boy (with Super Game Boy support) in Japan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14221477508545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "In 2006, a joint production of ironmonkey.com and blitinteractive.com, entitled Speed Racer — The Great Plan, was released to the Internet as a Shockwave game. The game stays very true to the original television show, with all the original voices, sounds, and Mach 5 controls.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.185686111450195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "Artisan/Lionsgate Entertainment released the first 11 episodes of the original series in DVD format in the US and Canada on April 22, 2003. This turned out to be the first in a series of DVD re-releases of the shows. The second volume, containing episodes 12 through 23, went on sale on May 18, 2004. The DVD came in a special package where one could push a button on the cover and the Mach 5's headlights would light up while a portion of the show's English theme song played. Volumes 1 and 2 were re-released as a 2-disc set on April 20, 2010. The third volume came out on May 24, 2005, with the discs packaged in a round metal box made to resemble the steering wheel of the Mach 5. It contains episodes 24 through 36. This volume was later released to promote the live action film in a standard keep case. Lionsgate released the fourth volume, which featured episodes 37 through 44, on March 14, 2006; this volume included a die-cast toy Mach 5. The last episode, \"Race the Laser Tank,\" was time-compressed (in other words, sped up), similar to when Cartoon Network would air the series in the mid-1990s. Although nothing was removed from the episode, the higher-pitched voices of the characters and the diminished quality of the episode due to the time-compression upset some fans. The fifth and last volume was released on October 31, 2006. This volume included the final eight episodes of the series, and for a limited time it came with a miniature license plate with the inscription, \"Go-Speed Racer-Go!\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.183684349060059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "answer": "Mach 5", "passage": "The entire anime series was released in Australia on April 30, 2008, and in the United States later that year, on October 7. The US release of the entire anime series is a repackaging of all five individually released volumes into a comic book style box set, in homage to the Mach GoGoGo manga. In addition, a bonus disc containing special featurettes and an episode of Speed Racer: The Next Generation is included. These discs, six in total were packaged in an exclusive die-cast casing modelled after the Mach 5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.460415840148926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Speed Racer" } ]

[ { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "A cul-de-sac, dead end (British, Hong Kong, Canadian, American, South African English, and Australian English, Hiberno-English), closed, no through road, a close (British, Canadian, and Australian English), no exit (New Zealand English) or court (American, Australian English) is a street with only one inlet/outlet. While historically built for other reasons, one of its modern uses is to calm vehicle traffic.", "precise_score": -0.6639955043792725, "rough_score": -5.536839485168457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Culs-de-sac have appeared in plans of towns and cities before the automotive 20th century, particularly in Arab and Moorish towns. The earliest example of cul-de-sac streets was unearthed in the El-Lahun workers village in Egypt, which was built circa 1885 BC. The village is laid out with straight streets that intersect at right angles; akin to a grid, but irregular. The western part of the excavated village, where the workers lived, shows fifteen narrow and short dead-end streets laid out perpendicularly on either side of a wider, straight street; all terminate at the enclosing walls.", "precise_score": -5.703549385070801, "rough_score": -9.20313549041748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Since the end of World War II, new subdivisions in the United States and Canada, as well as New Towns in England and other countries have made extensive use of the cul-de-sac and crescent (loops) street types. Typically, there is one or several central roads in the subdivision with many cul-de-sac streets of varying length, branching out from the main roads, to fill the land in the subdivision; a dendrite or hierarchical pattern. Since the 1960s, this pattern has been the dominant road network structure of suburbs and exurbs in the United States, Canada, and Australia. It is also increasingly popular in Latin America, Western Europe, and China. In this pattern, there are only a few roads (relative to the number of cul-de-sac streets) leading out of the subdivision and into other subdivisions or onto major roads.", "precise_score": -10.122859001159668, "rough_score": -8.59634780883789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "The word \"cul-de-sac\" and its variants, \"dead end\" and \"no exit\", have inspired metaphorical uses in literature and in culture, often with the result that a word or phrase seeming to have a negative connotation is replaced in street signs. (\"No outlet\" is another alternative name used on street signs.)", "precise_score": -0.3432510793209076, "rough_score": -6.314354419708252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "The expression cul-de-sac originated in England during the period when French was spoken by the English aristocracy. (In modern French pronunciation, the l is silent.) In French, Catalan or in Occitan, \"cul-de-sac\" literally means \"ass of a bag\". J. R. R. Tolkien used the name Bag End as a literal translation of \"cul-de-sac\", to poke fun at the British use of French terms. ", "precise_score": -1.2748222351074219, "rough_score": -7.511734962463379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "The term cul-de-sac, though of French origin, is not so used in France to describe a dead-end street. The French use mostly the word \"impasse\", though in Catalan this meaning is in use.", "precise_score": 2.8585987091064453, "rough_score": -1.0098406076431274, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In Australia, they are signposted as and often referred to as a \"No Through Road\". The suffix for these types of streets is \"court\" or 'CT. The term \"cul-de-sac\" generally only refers to a reasonably short street with a bulbous end, or even only to the end portion. A long road that is a no-through road and terminates abruptly is usually called a dead end.", "precise_score": 0.7762795686721802, "rough_score": -3.1395576000213623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In New Zealand they are signposted as \"No Exit\", but are often not signposted at all. The terms 'cul-de-sac' and 'dead end' have the same senses as in Australia (see above).", "precise_score": -2.372253894805908, "rough_score": -9.254584312438965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "U.S. Federal Highway Administration rules state: \"The Dead End sign may be used at the entrance of a single road or street that terminates in a dead end or cul-de-sac. The No Outlet sign may be used at the entrance to a road or road network from which there is no other exit.\" There is no federal regulation on \"no exit\". ", "precise_score": -1.8453569412231445, "rough_score": -5.287018299102783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Culs-de-sac", "passage": "The phrase, \"No Exit\", is also preferred for Chicago signs, although \"dead end\" is still used there. New York City has favored \"dead end\" since at least the 1930s, when Sidney Kingsley used the phrase to title his Broadway play about poor, tough East Side youths with lives of little promise, in contrast to the dead-end streets of the nearby Sutton Place neighborhood. (Similarly, French existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre titled a play about three damned sinners, Huis Clos, translated into English as \"No Exit\".) Kingsley's play was later made into a movie, Dead End, which proved so popular that it spawned similar movies, many starring a group of recurring characters known as the Dead End Kids. The play and movies created such a strong image of bleak futures and an unfair society that some municipalities changed the sign terminology for culs-de-sac, often to \"no outlet\" or \"no exit\". (The \"dead end\" signs currently at Sutton Place are bright yellow with black lettering.)", "precise_score": 0.5100323557853699, "rough_score": -5.597552299499512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "No Outlet", "passage": "In New York City, as of 2008, there were 4,659 \"dead end\" traffic signs, along with 160 \"no outlet\" signs. The city records, which go back to the 1960s, show only a couple \"no exit\" signs once existing near the approaches to the Midtown Tunnel, and which are no longer there. \"We hear that some towns use 'no outlet' instead of 'dead end' because they think it sounds less morbid,\" New York City Commissioner of Transportation Janette Sadik-Khan said in 2008. \"We tell New Yorkers the truth: it's a 'dead end', and we think that motorists get the point quickly.\"", "precise_score": -4.622434616088867, "rough_score": -8.647351264953613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Dead end road", "passage": "Image:Nederlands verkeersbord L9.svg|Advance warning sign used in the Netherlands for a dead end road on right ahead", "precise_score": -4.921932697296143, "rough_score": -9.055402755737305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Dead end road", "passage": "Image:Spain traffic signal s15d.svg|Advance warning sign used in Spain for a dead end road ahead after an intersection", "precise_score": -5.58164119720459, "rough_score": -8.713141441345215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Inferential evidence of their earlier use can also be drawn from the text of a German architect, Rudolf Eberstadt, that explains their purpose and utility: “We have, in our medieval towns, showing very commendable methods of cutting up the land. I ought to mention here that to keep traffic out of residential streets is necessary not only in the general interest of the population, but, above all, for the sake of the children, whose health (amongst the working classes) is mainly dependent on the opportunity of moving about in close connection with their dwelling places, without the danger of being run over. In the earlier periods, traffic was excluded from residential streets simply by gates or by employing the cul-de-sac”. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.146895408630371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "It was in the UK that the cul-de-sac street type was first legislated into use, with The Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906. The proponents of the Act, Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker, thus gained permission to introduce culs-de-sac in their subsequent site plans, and they promoted it as a suitable street type for Garden Suburbs. Unwin's applications of the cul-de-sac and the related crescent always included pedestrian paths independent of the road network. This design feature reflects the predominance of pedestrian movement for local trips at the turn of the 20th century, and presages the current planning priority for increased pedestrian accessibility. The 1906 Act defined the nature of the cul-de-sac as a non-through road and restricted its length to 500 ft. Garden cities in the UK that followed Hampstead, such as Welwyn Garden City all included culs-de-sac (see photo).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.58116626739502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In the 1920s, the garden city movement gained ground in the US and, with it, came its design elements, such as the cul-de-sac. Clarence Stein, a main proponent of the movement, incorporated it in the Radburn, NJ subdivision, which was to become a model for subsequent neighbourhood developments. The US Federal Housing Authority recommended and promoted their use through their 1936 guidelines and the power of lending development funds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.314286231994629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In Canada, a variation of Stein’s Radburn 1929 plan that used crescents (loops) instead of culs-de-sac was built in 1947 in Manitoba, Wildwood Park, Winnipeg, designed by Hubert Bird. In 1954, the Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation published its own guidelines in which the cul-de-sac was strongly recommended for local streets and, as the FHA in the US, used its lending power to see its inclusion in development plans. The Varsity Village and Braeside, subdivisions in Calgary, Alberta also used the Radburn model in the late 1960s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226197242736816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In the 1960s the cul-de-sac attained systematic international application in planned new cities such as Doxiadis’ Islamabad (1960). In the UK new towns such as Harlow (1947) by Sir Frederick Gibberd and Milton Keynes (1967) incorporated culs-de-sac and crescents in their layouts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398199081420898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Culs-de-sac", "passage": "Planning theorists have suggested the use alternatives to culs-de-sac most notably, Christopher Alexander et al., in his “A Pattern Language” 1977 book (pattern #49) suggests the use of looped local roads which do not abruptly stop. Although dead end streets, i.e. culs-de-sac, would fit his definition of looped local roads Alexander suggestions that \"culd-de-sacs are very bad from a social standpoint–they force interaction and they feel claustrophobic, because there is only one entrance\". Doxiadis has additionally argued their important role in separating man from machine. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.329419136047363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Culs-de-sac", "passage": "Unplanned culs-de-sac", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357959747314453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Culs-de-sac", "passage": "Virtual, unplanned culs-de-sac have appeared in the centers of cities that are laid on a grid. Whole neighbourhood street reconfigurations emerged in several cities, mainly concentrated in North America and the UK, which include Berkeley, California, Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia. This English-speaking transformation of the grid plan since the 1970s responds to the following needs:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904376029968262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "This selective, sporadic transformation continues into the 21st century. As traffic volumes increase and as cities decide to remove or reduce traffic on specific streets of central areas, streets are closed off using bollards or landscaping thus creating new, unplanned cul-de-sac streets and producing a new, functional blend of the inherited grid with newer street types. A recent variation of limiting traffic is the managed closure by using retractable bollards which are activated by designated card holders only. However, not only do they stop cars, they also stop ambulances and other emergency vehicles and often lack adequate turning.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.955848693847656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In urban planning culs-de-sac are created to limit through-traffic in residential areas. While some cul-de-sac streets provide no possible passage except in and out of their road entry, others allow cyclists, pedestrians or other non-automotive traffic to pass through connecting easements or paths.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199795722961426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "This design improvement, which selectively excludes one mode of transport while permitting others, can be viewed as an example of “filtered permeability”. Its application retains the cul-de-sac’s primary function as a non-through road, but establishes complete pedestrian and bicycle network connectivity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308708190917969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In traffic engineering parlance, the cul-de-sac defines the local street as having primarily an 'access' (to properties) function rather than as one having a 'transport' or 'through' function.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.135795593261719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "The use of culs-de-sac reduces the amount of car traffic on residential streets within the subdivision, thus reducing noise, air pollution and the probability of accidents. Ben-Joseph (1995) and Lovegrove/Sayed (2006) indicate a substantially lower collision rate for street networks based on the cul-de-sac street type. Dumbaugh and Rae (2009) suggest that land use patterns play a significant role in traffic safety and should be considered in conjunction with the network pattern. While all intersection types in general increase the incidence of fatal crashes, four-way intersections, which rarely occur in a network with cul-de-sac or loop streets, increase total and injurious crashes significantly. The study recommends hybrid street networks with dense concentrations of T-intersections and concludes that a return to the 19th century gridiron is undesirable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.760757446289062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "This decrease in traffic, in turn, is thought to lower the incidence of crime and increase desirability, because in most cases the people who traverse the cul-de-sac either live there or are guests of those who do. CPTED planning principles suggest increased natural surveillance and sense of ownership as a means of fostering security in a neighbourhood. Both of these phenomena occur naturally on a cul-de-sac street as does social networking. Design guidelines based on the CPTED perspective recommend its use for these reasons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.162056922912598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Cul-de-sac streets increase spontaneous outdoor activity by children. A study in California examined the amount of child play that occurred on the streets of neighbourhoods with different characteristics; grid pattern and culs-de-sac. The findings indicate that culs-de-sac showed substantial increase in play activity than the open grid street pattern. culs-de-sac reduce perceived danger from traffic thereby encouraging more outdoor play.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1132230758667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Similar studies in Europe and Australia found that children’s outdoor play is significantly reduced on through roads where traffic is, or perceived by parents to be, a risk. In addition, they confirmed the results of the seminal Donald Appleyard 1982 study which showed the negative correlation between amount of traffic and social networks. This inverse correlation between amounts of traffic and sociability of streets was reconfirmed by a newer study that repeated Appleyard’s San Francisco analysis in Bristol, UK. It showed that the cul-de-sac street with the lowest traffic of the three streets had the highest level of social interaction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.191398620605469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "These studies recommend the use of the cul-de-sac or strong traffic calming measures. When culs-de-sac are interconnected with foot and bike paths, as for example in Vauban, Freiburg, Village Homes, Davis, California, they can increase active modes of mobility among their residents. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255269050598145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Real estate developers prefer culs-de-sac because they allow builders to fit more houses into oddly shaped tracts of land and facilitate building to the edges of rivers and property lines. They also choose these discontinuous network patterns of cul-de-sac and loop streets because of the often significant economies in infrastructure costs compared to the grid plan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351639747619629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Culs-de-sac", "passage": "From an environmental perspective, culs-de-sac allow greater flexibility than the common grid in adapting to the natural grades of a site and to its ecologically sensitive features, such as streams creeks and mature forest growth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400457382202148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "The desirability of the cul-de-sac street type among home buyers is implied by the evidence that they often pay up to a 20% premium for a home on such a street, according to one study. This could be because there is considerably less passing traffic, resulting in less noise and reduced actual or perceived risk, increasing the sense of tranquility. A survey of residents on three types of streets: cul-de-sac, loop, and through (grid) recorded their preferences among these types. It found that 82% of cul-de-sac residents preferred their own street type, 18% preferred a loop, and 0% the grid. Only 13% of grid street residents preferred their own type and 54% would choose a cul-de-sac to live on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.815886497497559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Two other studies, reported in 1990 and 2009 respectively, confirmed this upward trend and determined the premium that cul-de-sac streets command. The first found a 29% premium over the streets in a grid. The second, focused on trails and greenbelts, found that other amenities including cul-de-sac streets add significantly to the home value.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.044960021972656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "The positive feelings that a cul-de-sac street could evoke, that residents value, are expressed vividly by Allan Jacobs in describing a short (250 ft), narrow (60 ft), densely built (14 du/acre), and wood-paved cul-de-sac in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: “Step into Roslyn Place and you are likely to sense, immediately, that you are in a place, a special place, a handsome place, a safe place, a welcoming place, a place where you might wish to live.” ... “narrowness and enclosure and intimacy bring a feeling of safety to Roslyn Place... “Stay on our street” is all the kids have to know.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.824739456176758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Gated communities, steadily increasing worldwide, employ cul-de-sac and loop street networks because, having a dendrite structure, they reduce the number of through roads and, consequently, the corresponding number of entries and exits to be controlled.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.073016166687012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Culs-de-sac are criticised by urban designers like those of the Foundation for the Built Environment in the United Kingdom for encouraging car transport for even short distances, as more direct connections are precluded by the geometry, which necessitates long travel distances even to physically nearby locations. This increases fuel consumption and vehicle emissions and has negative effects on health by reducing walking and cycling rates. Related research in the United States by Richard Jackson has shown that people in car-based (cul-de-sac heavy) communities weigh on average 6 lb (2.7 kg) more than those in traditional towns (with open grid networks).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34048843383789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "The impermeability deficiency of the typical cul-de-sac street can be addressed by applying a modified, improved version of it, mentioned above, that enables pedestrian and bicycle through movement. While this more permeable version can be applied in new developments easily, modifying existing impermeable cul-de-sac streets is problematic as it encounters property ownership issues. Efforts in this direction are, however, being made. Given the complicated legal process and the sheer number of exiting cul-de-sac streets, however, such efforts would be slow to produce results and may only have a marginal impact in changing the landscape of existing districts. Conversely, transforming existing streets that are part of a grid plan into permeable, linked culs-de-sac, as was done in Berkeley, California and Vancouver, British Columbia, is physically and administratively easy due to the public ownership of the street right-of-way. However, residents on adjacent through roads may resent the potential traffic increase and delay the process. In Berkeley, the barriers used were permeable to both pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and became the backbone of the Bicycle boulevard system in that region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.86961555480957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Increases in pedestrian and bicycle permeability may result in a displacement of local car trips for short distance destinations and consequently a reduction in neighbourhood vehicle emissions. The impermeable cul-de-sac not only discourages walking and biking but also increases the length of car trips by the circuitous geometry of the dendrite network structure of which it is a part. Research studies examined the influence of several variables on the amount of car travel that residents of several types of districts recorded. Results vary considerably among one other, but there is general agreement on a number of key correlations: a) the wealthier and the larger the family is the more cars they own and the more they drive, b) the farther away a family lives from the city centre and the fewer the jobs in the vicinity plus a slow bus service the more they drive and c) street patterns may add a 10% length to local trips but the total VKTs are affected more by the \"macro\" urban than the \"micro\" neighbourhood structure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140624046325684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Culs-de-sac", "passage": "culs-de-sac, especially those that also cut off pedestrian connections instead of limiting only road traffic, have also been criticised for negative effects on safety, because they decrease the amount of through traffic (vehicular or pedestrian) that might spot an accident or crime victim in need of help. Proponents of culs-de-sac and gated communities have in turn countered that the reduction in through traffic makes any \"stranger\" much more recognisable in the closed local environment and thus reduces crime danger. This view has in turn been characterized as unrealistic; it is argued that since only a very small proportion of all non-locals passing through the area are potential criminals, increased traffic should increase rather than decrease safety. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.159574508666992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "New research has expanded the discussion on this disputed issue. A recent study did extensive spatial analysis and correlated several building, site plan and social factors with crime frequencies and identified subtle nuances to the contrasting positions. The study looked at, among others, a) dwelling types, b) unit density (site density) c) movement on the street, d) culs–de-sac or grids and e) the permeability of a residential area. Among its conclusions are, respectively, that a) flats are always safer than houses and the wealth of inhabitants matters; b) density is generally beneficial but more so at ground level; c) local movement is beneficial, larger scale movement not so; d) relative affluence and the number of neighbours has a greater effect than either being on a cul-de-sac or being on a through street. It also re-established that simple, linear culs-de-sac with good numbers of dwellings that are joined to through streets tend to be safe. As for permeability, it suggests that residential areas should be permeable enough to allow movement in all directions but no more. The over-provision of poorly used permeability is a crime hazard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.989949226379395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "More generally, the New Urbanism movement has offered criticism of the cul-de-sac and crescent (loop) street types not intended to network with each other. It has been suggested that such street layouts can cause increased traffic on the collector streets. It is recognized that cul-de-sac and looped streets inherently remove car traffic through them and restrict access to residents only. Resident traffic is naturally channelled to minor residential collectors and to arterials that provide inter-neighbourhood and inter-district connectivity. A study, reported in 1990, compared the traffic performance in a 700 acre development that was laid out using two approaches, one with and the other without hierarchy or cul-de-sac streets. It concluded that the non-hierarchical, traditional layout generally shows lower peak speed and shorter, more frequent intersection delays than the hierarchical pattern. The traditional pattern is not as friendly to the long trips as the hierarchical but friendlier to short trips. Local trips in it are shorter in distance but about equivalent in time with the hierarchical layout. A later similar comparative traffic study of about 830 acre concluded that all types of layouts perform adequately in most land use scenarios and that a refined hierarchical, dendrite network can improve traffic performance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904488563537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Anecdotal and research evidence suggests that navigation (especially on foot) in a disconnected network of cul-de-sac and looped streets is inconvenient and non-intuitive, particularly when combined with curvilinear geometry. Loss of orientation and sense of direction is also a common experience in older cities with cul-de-sac streets (Medina of Arab cities or Mediterranean hill towns) as well as in cities with highly irregular block geometries and sizes and corresponding street alignments that produce a labyrinthine effect. The long history of such cities implies that an irregular, complicated street network that appears entirely illegible to a visitor is well understood and used by the inhabitants. More convincing about its workability for their permanent residents are the case histories of cities such as Regensburg that show a gradual transformation of an imported or imposed orthogonal, “legible” grid to the traditional “confusing” street networks. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.841280937194824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Cul-de-sac and loop streets can reduce the size of any given neighbourhood to a single street. Neighbourhoods can be defined by geographic boundaries but more often it is shared ethnic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics that create social cohesion irrespective of apparent physical \"boundaries\". Mehaffy et al. (2010), who propose a model for structuring an urban network, suggest that neighbourhoods cannot be designed into being. “Community” is viewed as a dynamic social and cultural construct especially in contemporary, open, multicultural cities. Residential area street configuration can only assist its emergence by reducing through traffic and increasing local pedestrian movement; a design goal for which connected cul-de-sac and looped streets are suited.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.948689460754395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Issues of pedestrian trip length and isolation are sharply evident in the back-to-front housing arrangement where the front of the house fronts onto the cul-de-sac street while the rear fronts onto the main roads. Some of these problems can be mitigated by the newer practice of connecting the neighbouring roads and culs-de-sac with public pedestrian/cycle paths. In effect, this removes the discontinuity aspect for these modes of transport. Built examples of such connected culs-de-sac can be found in the United States (such as Radburn, New Jersey and Village Homes, California), England (such as Milton Keynes) and Greece (such as Papagou, a suburb of Athens) (see photo). Acknowledging their use, Germany, under the 2009 amendment to the Road Traffic Act, introduced an additional sign for culs-de-sac that are permeable to pedestrians and cyclists. (see under signage below). A new system for organizing connected, permeable culs-de-sac into complete neighbourhoods, the Fused Grid, has been developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.730367660522461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In the North American development context and planning literature, cul-de-sac streets have been associated with low density residential development. sustainable development theorists and proponents claim that this is in some undefined way, inefficient. The increased prevalence of cul-de-sac streets occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, a period of rapid economic and city expansion, when a detached house on a large lot meant an ideal form of habitation. This temporal coincidence of the wide adoption of a street type and an increasing demand for large lots and houses creates the impression of a necessary relationship between street type and unit density. Historically, however, the earliest systematic application of the cul-de-sac street type by Raymond Unwin (1909) had a unit density between 8 and 12 units per acre, considerably higher than mid-to-late 20th century. Even early 21st century developments rarely achieve densities above 5 to 7 units per acre in the suburbs. Conversely, early 1950s suburban developments that were laid out on a grid exhibit similar low densities. Evidently, street, network type and density are not linked causally; other factors, such as land scarcity and income influence the outcome as, for example, in cities that are landlocked or that have low average incomes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.933743476867676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Another concern is often raised by emergency services, who can have difficulty locating streets when a community consists of a large number of similarly named culs-de-sac; also, large fire response vehicles, in particular, can have great difficulty with turning around in a cul-de-sac. However, confusing street naming is not a necessary outcome of street network design and can be improved. The practice of naming orthogonal networks by numbers and letters in the corresponding cardinal directions has been criticized by Camilo Sitte as lacking imagination. Nonetheless, police and fire departments now use advanced GPS systems that quickly locate the destination and the shortest path to follow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.921353340148926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "School buses can also have a hard time turning around, which means that children who live in a cul-de-sac must often walk to a bus stop on a main through road. However, recent research on obesity and urban planning suggests that this may be an advantage because it enables children to get daily physical activity. Longer walking distances, however, reduce interest to use buses especially when a car is available. This disincentive to walking to the school bus stop can be overcome in planned cul-de-sac streets by regulating their maximum length to about 500 ft, as was recommended and practiced by R. Unwin and others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273846626281738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Weighing available evidence, has led a few U.S. cities including Austin, Texas; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Portland, Oregon to restrict and regulate the inclusion of cul-de-sac streets in new suburbs. However, a 2010 study on Sprawl in NA by a legal expert concludes that “....neighborhoods dominated by culs-de-sac are less walkable than those that include street grids...’. ‘On the other hand, culs-de-sac do have a countervailing public benefit: because of their very inaccessibility, they tend to have less automobile traffic. Given the existence of important public policy goals on both sides, a city seeking to maximize walkability should not favor culs-de-sac over grids, but should also allow some culs-de-sac as a legitimate residential option’ ... ‘In addition, there are “middle ground” alternatives between prohibiting culs-de-sac and mandating them. For example, a city could encourage culs-de-sac combined with pedestrian walkways”. This design combination is shown in the Village Homes layout and is an integral part of the Fused Grid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.939043045043945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul de sac", "passage": "George Orwell wrote in his 1946 article, \"Politics and the English Language\", that the term \"cul de sac\" is another foreign word used in English as pretentious diction, and is unnecessary. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44750690460205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In Canada, \"cul-de-sac\" is commonly used in speech but \"no exit\" or \"no through road\" is more common in road signs, especially in western Canada. In Quebec and Newfoundland, \"Cul-de-Sac\" is in far more common use, though Quebec is increasingly using \"Impasse\" instead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219404220581055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Culs-de-sac", "passage": "California uses the phrase Not a Through Street or Not a Through Road to mark roads or road systems that end in culs-de-sac.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.92905044555664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "In military parlance, a \"cul-de-sac\" refers to a situation where an army is \"hemmed in on all sides but behind\".OED, online edition, draft revision December 2007, entry for cul-de-sac, n2 \"Cul-de-sac\" is also used metaphorically to mean a line of thought or action that leads nowhere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.314053535461426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "No through road", "passage": "Image:Philippines road sign S2-8A.svg|\"No Through Road\" sign in Australia and the Philippines", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399287223815918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Image:Canada - Cul-de-sac (PEI).svg|Diagram sign used in Prince Edward Island, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317492485046387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul de sac", "passage": "Image:Québec I-375-1.svg|\"Cul De Sac\" sign used in Quebec, Canada", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33729362487793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "No through road", "passage": "Image:Jamaica road sign W31-2.svg|Sign used in Jamaica for a No Through Road", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3524169921875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Image:Jamaica road sign W31-1.svg|Sign used in Jamaica for a Cul-de-sac", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369739532470703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "No through road", "passage": "Image:UAE No Through Road.svg|Sign used in the United Arab Emirates", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353218078613281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Image:MUTCD_W14-2.svg|\"No Outlet\" sign in the United States. This sign is used for networks of road with a single connection to a main road, not for an individual cul-de-sac.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323691368103027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Image:No Outlet, Austin, Texas.jpg|\"No Outlet\" sign in the United States, at the entrance to an individual cul-de-sac.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302390098571777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Image:Branching cul-de-sac Prague.jpg|Turning place at the end of cul-de-sac (before the tram+pedestrian zone) in Prague, Czech Republic", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.810757637023926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" }, { "answer": "Cul-de-sac", "passage": "Image:Geflutet P1010442.JPG|Weather dependent cul-de-sac in South Africa", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.525146484375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cul-de-sac" } ]

[ { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Kimchi (,;), also spelled kimchee or gimchi, is a traditional fermented Korean side dish made of vegetables with a variety of seasonings. In traditional preparations, kimchi was stored underground in jars to keep cool during the summer months and unfrozen during the winter months. There are hundreds of varieties of kimchi made from napa cabbage, radish, scallion, or cucumber as the main ingredients. ", "precise_score": 5.547136306762695, "rough_score": 5.425446510314941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Kimchi can be categorized by main ingredients, regions or seasons. Korea's northern and southern sections have a considerable temperature difference. There are over 180 varieties of kimchi. The most common kimchi variations are baechu kimchi (, napa cabbage kimchi), baechu geotjeori (, unfermented napa cabbage kimchi), bossam kimchi (), baek kimchi (, white kimchi), dongchimi (, water-based kimchi), chonggak kimchi (, young radish kimchi), kkakdugi (, daikon kimchi), oisobagi (, cucumber kimchi), and pa kimchi (, green onion kimchi).", "precise_score": 1.4581745862960815, "rough_score": 4.3100433349609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "South Koreans consume 40 lb of kimchi per person annually, and some credit Korea's industrious energy as a people, and their nation's rapid economic growth, in part to eating the dish. Kimchi is made of various vegetables and contains a high concentration of dietary fiber, while being low in calories. One serving also provides over 50% of the daily recommended amount of vitamin C and carotene. Most types of kimchi contain onions, garlic, ginger, and chili peppers, all of which are salutary. The vegetables used in kimchi also contribute to its overall nutritional value. Kimchi is rich in vitamin A, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), calcium, and iron, and contains lactic acid bacteria, among those the typical species Lactobacillus kimchii. ", "precise_score": -0.06569626927375793, "rough_score": 1.70795476436615, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Kimchi can be made with white radishes, mustard greens, scallions, or cucumbers. Kimchi is known to be a traditional side dish as it is almost always served along with other side dishes in most Korean family households and restaurants. Kimchi can be eaten alone or with white rice, but it is also included in recipes of other traditional dishes, including porridges, soups, and rice cakes. (Jung, C.) Kimchi is also the basis for many derivative dishes such as kimchi stew (), kimchi pancake (), kimchi soup (), and kimchi fried rice ().", "precise_score": 3.20242977142334, "rough_score": 4.527702808380127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "In 1996, Korea protested against Japanese commercial production of kimchi arguing that the Japanese-produced product (kimuchi) was different from kimchi (in particular, Japanese kimuchi was not fermented so it was salted but sweet cabbage). Korea lobbied for an international standard from the Codex Alimentarius, an organization associated with the World Health Organization that defines voluntary standards for food preparation for international trade purposes. In 2001, the Codex Alimentarius published a voluntary standard defining kimchi as \"a fermented food that uses salted napa cabbages as its main ingredient mixed with seasonings, and goes through a lactic acid production process at a low temperature\", but which neither specified a minimum amount of fermentation nor forbade the use of any additives. ", "precise_score": 3.016956090927124, "rough_score": 3.0357539653778076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Due to heavy rainfall shortening the harvesting time for cabbage and other main ingredients for kimchi in 2010, the price of kimchi ingredients and kimchi itself rose greatly. Korean and international newspapers described the rise in prices as a national crisis. Some restaurants stopped offering kimchi as a free side dish, which The New York Times compared to an American hamburger restaurant no longer offering free ketchup. In response to the kimchi price crisis, the South Korean government announced the temporary reduction of tariffs on imported cabbage to coincide with the Kimjang season. ", "precise_score": -0.8372055888175964, "rough_score": 0.7087267637252808, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The term ji was used until the pre-modern terms chimchae, dimchae, and timchae were adopted in the period of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. The word then was modified into jimchi, and is currently kimchi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.032753944396973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Kimchi is Korea's national dish. During South Korea's involvement in the Vietnam War its government requested American help to ensure that South Korean troops, reportedly \"desperate\" for the food, could obtain it in the field; South Korean president Park Chung-hee told U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson that kimchi was \"vitally important to the morale of Korean troops\". It was also sent to space on board Soyuz TMA-12 with Yi So-yeon after a multimillion-dollar research effort to kill the bacteria and lessen the odor without affecting taste. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.473337173461914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Kimchi from the northern parts of Korea tend to have less salt and red chili and usually do not include brined seafood for seasoning. Northern kimchi often has a watery consistency. Kimchi made in the southern parts of Korea, such as Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do, uses salt, chili peppers and myeolchijeot (, brined anchovy allowed to ferment) or saeujeot (, brined shrimp allowed to ferment), myeolchiaekjeot (), kkanariaekjeot (), liquid anchovy jeot, similar to fish sauce used in Southeast Asia, but thicker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5597474575042725, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "This regional classification dates back to 1960s and contains plenty of historical facts, but the current kimchi-making trends in Korea are generally different from those mentioned below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.537639617919922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "* Pyongan-do (North Korea, outside of Pyongyang) Non-traditional ingredients have been adapted in rural areas due to severe food shortages.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.359488487243652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "* Gangwon-do (South Korea)/Kangwon-do (North Korea) (Mideast): In Gangwon-do, kimchi is stored for longer periods. Unlike other coastal regions in Korea, kimchi in this area does not contain much salted fish.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.20067024230957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Different types of kimchi were traditionally made at different times of the year, based on when various vegetables were in season and also to take advantage of hot and cold seasons before the era of refrigeration. Although the advent of modern refrigeration — including kimchi refrigerators specifically designed with precise controls to keep different varieties of kimchi at optimal temperatures at various stages of fermentation — has made this seasonality unnecessary, Koreans continue to consume kimchi according to traditional seasonal preferences. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2926177978515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "2012 effective ban of Korean kimchi exports to China", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.23330020904541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Since 2012, the Chinese government has effectively banned Korean kimchi exports to China through government regulations. Ignoring the standards of Kimchi outlied by the Codex Alimentarius, China defined kimchi as a derivative of one of its own cuisines, called pao cai. However, due to significantly different preparation techniques from Pao cai, kimchi has significantly more lactic acid bacteria through its fermentation process, which exceeds China's regulations. Since 2012, commercial exports of Korean kimchi to China has reached zero, the only minor amounts of exports accounting for Korean kimchi exhibition events held in China.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.429553031921387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Kimchi-related items have been inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by both South and North Korea. This makes kimchi the second intangible heritage that was submitted by two different countries, the other one being the folk song \"Arirang\", also submitted by the Koreas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.097070693969727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Submitted by South Korea (inscribed 2013)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.936805725097656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Kimjang, the tradition of making and sharing of kimchi that usually takes place in late autumn, was added to the list as \"Kimjang, making and sharing kimchi in the Republic of Korea\". The practice of Kimjang reaffirms Korean identity and strengthens family cooperation. Kimjang is also an important reminder for many Koreans that human communities need to live in harmony with nature. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9071245193481445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Submitted by North Korea (inscribed 2015)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.90920352935791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "North Korean kimchi-making was inscribed on the list in December 2015 as \"Tradition of kimchi-making in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea\". North Korean kimchi tends to be less spicy and red than South Korean kimchi. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.396586418151855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "File:Korean cuisine-Gimjang-Preparation for making kimchi-01.jpg | Preparation for making kimchi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.3872709274292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "File:Korean cuisine-Seongnyu kimchi-Pomegranate kimchi-01.jpg | Seokryu kimchi named after its pomegranate-like shape", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.528331756591797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "File:Korean food-Packed kimchi-01.jpg | Displayed manufactured kimchi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.66666316986084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kimchi" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) combines cabbage and other brassicas for reporting purposes. Total world production of all brassicas for calendar year 2012 was . The nations with the largest production were China, which produced 47 percent of the world total, and India, which produced 12 percent. China and India used a surface area of 980000 ha and 375000 ha, respectively, to grow these crops; the total global surface area used for cabbage and related Brassica crops in 2012 was 2391747 ha. The largest yields were from South Korea, which harvested 71,188.6 kilograms per hectare, Ireland (68,888.9 kg/ha), and Japan (67,647.1 kg/ha).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4775543212890625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cabbage" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The daikon varieties of radish are important parts of East, Southeast, and South Asian cuisine. In Japan and Korea, radish dolls are sometimes made as children's toys. Daikon is also one of the plants that make up the Japanese Festival of Seven Herbs (Nanakusa no sekku) on the seventh day after the new year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.022660255432129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Radish" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "* Korea: Known as pa (파). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.153098106384277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Scallion" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "A block and tackle is a system of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable threaded between them, usually used to lift or pull heavy loads.", "precise_score": 6.046193599700928, "rough_score": 3.9766252040863037, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "A block is a set of pulleys or \"sheaves\" mounted on a single axle. An assembly of blocks with a rope threaded through the pulleys is called tackle. A block and tackle system amplifies the tension force in the rope to lift heavy loads. They are common on boats and sailing ships, where tasks are often performed manually.", "precise_score": 5.752864837646484, "rough_score": 3.6414551734924316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Note that the gun tackle, double tackle and threefold purchase all have the same number of pulleys in both blocks (one, two and three, respectively) whereas the Luff tackle and Gyn tackle have mis-matched blocks with differing numbers of pulleys.", "precise_score": -3.1345489025115967, "rough_score": -4.495938301086426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "A block and tackle is characterized by the use of a single continuous rope to transmit a tension force around one or more pulleys to lift or move a load. Its mechanical advantage is the number of parts of the rope that act on the load. The mechanical advantage of a tackle dictates how much easier it is to haul or lift the load.", "precise_score": 5.633480548858643, "rough_score": 1.448408842086792, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "By adding a pulley to the fixed block of a gun tackle the direction of the pulling force is reversed though the mechanical advantage remains the same, Diagram 3a. This is an example of the Luff tackle.", "precise_score": -1.5900393724441528, "rough_score": 0.30412858724594116, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "The pulleys are assembled together to form blocks and then blocks are paired so that one is fixed and one moves with the load. The rope is threaded, or rove, through the pulleys to provide mechanical advantage that amplifies that force applied to the rope. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.973243713378906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Hero of Alexandria described cranes formed from assemblies of pulleys in the first century. Illustrated versions of Hero's \"book on raising heavy weights\" show early block and tackle systems. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.106961250305176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Consider the set of pulleys that form the moving block and the parts of the rope that support this block. If there are n of these parts of the rope supporting the load FB, then a force balance on the moving block shows that the tension in each of the parts of the rope must be FB/n. This means the input force on the rope is FA=FB/n. Thus, the block and tackle reduces the input force by the factor n.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.790955543518066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Image:Pulley1a.svg|Separation of the pulleys in the gun tackle show the force balance that results in a rope tension of W/2. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.69888973236084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Image:Pulley3a.svg|Separation of the pulleys in the double tackle show the force balance that results in a rope tension of W/4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.378961563110352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Image:Pulley2.svg|Diagram 3: The gun tackle \"rove to advantage\" has the rope attached to the moving pulley. The tension in the rope is W/3 yielding an advantage of three.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.044313430786133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Image:Pulley2a.svg|Diagram 3a: The Luff tackle adds a fixed pulley \"rove to disadvantage.\" The tension in the rope remains W/3 yielding an advantage of three.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.936454772949219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Reeving to disadvantage adds an extra sheave to change the direction of the pulling line, which increases friction losses without improving the velocity ratio. Situations in which reeving to disadvantage may be more desirable include lifting from a fixed point overhead; the additional pulley allows pulling downwards instead of upwards so that the weight of the lifter can offset the weight of the load.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299223899841309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Block and tackle" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Machine, or Engine, in Mechanicks, is whatsoever hath Force sufficient either to raise or stop the Motion of a Body... Simple Machines are commonly reckoned to be Six in Number, viz. the Ballance, Leaver, Pulley, Wheel, Wedge, and Screw... Compound Machines, or Engines, are innumerable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.849920272827148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "The idea of a simple machine originated with the Greek philosopher Archimedes around the 3rd century BC, who studied the Archimedean simple machines: lever, pulley, and screw. He discovered the principle of mechanical advantage in the lever. Later Greek philosophers defined the classic five simple machines (excluding the inclined plane) and were able to roughly calculate their mechanical advantage. Heron of Alexandria (ca. 10–75 AD) in his work Mechanics lists five mechanisms that can \"set a load in motion\"; lever, windlass, pulley, wedge, and screw, and describes their fabrication and uses. However the Greeks' understanding was limited to statics (the balance of forces) and did not include dynamics (the tradeoff between force and distance) or the concept of work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.955660820007324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "The idea that a machine can be broken down into simple movable elements led Archimedes to define the lever, pulley and screw as simple machines. By the time of the Renaissance this list increased to include the wheel and axle, wedge and inclined plane.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.648175239562988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Mechanization or mechanisation (BE) is providing human operators with machinery that assists them with the muscular requirements of work or displaces muscular work. In some fields, mechanization includes the use of hand tools. In modern usage, such as in engineering or economics, mechanization implies machinery more complex than hand tools and would not include simple devices such as an un-geared horse or donkey mill. Devices that cause speed changes or changes to or from reciprocating to rotary motion, using means such as gears, pulleys or sheaves and belts, shafts, cams and cranks, usually are considered machines. After electrification, when most small machinery was no longer hand powered, mechanization was synonymous with motorized machines. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.956280708312988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "*Pulley", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394083976745605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Simple machines can be regarded as the elementary \"building blocks\" of which all more complicated machines (sometimes called \"compound machines\" ) are composed. For example, wheels, levers, and pulleys are all used in the mechanism of a bicycle. The mechanical advantage of a compound machine is just the product of the mechanical advantages of the simple machines of which it is composed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9840874671936035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "The idea of a simple machine originated with the Greek philosopher Archimedes around the 3rd century BC, who studied the Archimedean simple machines: lever, pulley, and screw. He discovered the principle of mechanical advantage in the lever. Archimedes' famous remark with regard to the lever: \"Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth.\" () expresses his realization that there was no limit to the amount of force amplification that could be achieved by using mechanical advantage. Later Greek philosophers defined the classic five simple machines (excluding the inclined plane) and were able to roughly calculate their mechanical advantage. For example, Heron of Alexandria (ca. 10–75 AD) in his work Mechanics lists five mechanisms that can \"set a load in motion\"; lever, windlass, pulley, wedge, and screw, and describes their fabrication and uses. However the Greeks' understanding was limited to the statics of simple machines; the balance of forces, and did not include dynamics; the tradeoff between force and distance, or the concept of work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.97105598449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Although each machine works differently mechanically, the way they function is similar mathematically. In each machine, a force F_\\text{in}\\, is applied to the device at one point, and it does work moving a load, F_\\text{out}\\, at another point. Although some machines only change the direction of the force, such as a stationary pulley, most machines multiply the magnitude of the force by a factor, the mechanical advantage ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.376936912536621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "Simple machines are elementary examples of kinematic chains that are used to model mechanical systems ranging from the steam engine to robot manipulators. The bearings that form the fulcrum of a lever and that allow the wheel and axle and pulleys to rotate are examples of a kinematic pair called a hinged joint. Similarly, the flat surface of an inclined plane and wedge are examples of the kinematic pair called a sliding joint. The screw is usually identified as its own kinematic pair called a helical joint.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.248913764953613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Pulley", "passage": "However, a more successful strategy was identified by Franz Reuleaux, who collected and studied over 800 elementary machines. He realized that a lever, pulley, and wheel and axle are in essence the same device: a body rotating about a hinge. Similarly, an inclined plane, wedge, and screw are a block sliding on a flat surface. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.053095817565918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" } ]

[ { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Fox News Channel (FNC), also known as Fox News, is an American basic cable and satellite news television channel that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. As of February 2015, approximately 94,700,000 American households (81.4% of cable, satellite & telco customers) receive the Fox News Channel. The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City, New York.", "precise_score": -8.213099479675293, "rough_score": -5.980261325836182, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Fox News Channel has been accused of biased reporting and promoting the Republican Party. Critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall. Fox News Channel employees have responded that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and entertainment, and have denied bias in news reporting. ", "precise_score": -7.001060485839844, "rough_score": -7.022672176361084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In September 2009, the Pew Research Center published a report on the public view of national news organizations. In the report, 72 percent of polled Republican Fox viewers rated the channel as \"favorable\", while 43 percent of polled Democratic viewers and 55 percent of all polled viewers shared that opinion. However, Fox was given the highest \"unfavorable\" rating of all national outlets studied (25 percent of all polled viewers). The report went on to say, \"partisan differences in views of Fox News have increased substantially since 2007\". ", "precise_score": -7.986560344696045, "rough_score": -7.505890846252441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "During the final week of the campaign for the United States elections, 2014, Fox News had the highest ratings of any cable channel, news or otherwise. On election night itself, Fox News' coverage had higher ratings than that of any of the other five cable or network news sources among viewers between 25 and 54 years of age. ", "precise_score": -7.796204090118408, "rough_score": -7.732522010803223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "\"Fair & Balanced\" is a trademarked slogan used by the broadcaster, originally used in conjunction with the phrase \"Real Journalism\". Comedian Al Franken used the slogan in the subtitle for his 2003 book Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right. In the book, he cites examples of what he claims to be Fox News' bias. On August 7, 2003, Fox News sued for trademark infringement. The lawsuit was dropped three days later, after Judge Denny Chin refused its request for an injunction. In his decision, Chin ruled that the case (Fox v. Franken) was \"wholly without merit, both factually and legally\". He went on to suggest that Fox News' trademark on the phrase \"fair and balanced\" could be invalid. ", "precise_score": 1.370535135269165, "rough_score": 3.5494496822357178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "We report, you decide", "passage": "In December 2003, FNC won a legal battle concerning the slogan, when AlterNet filed a cancellation petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to have FNC's trademark rescinded as inaccurate. AlterNet included the documentary film Outfoxed as supporting evidence in its case. After losing early motions, AlterNet withdrew its petition; the USPTO dismissed the case. In 2008, FNC used the slogan \"We Report, You Decide\", referring to \"You Decide 2008\" (FNC's original slogan for its coverage of election issues).", "precise_score": 0.6493861079216003, "rough_score": -7.592279434204102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "A Pew Research poll released on October 29, 2009 found that Fox News is viewed as the most ideological channel in America. 47 percent of those surveyed said Fox News is \"mostly conservative\", 14 percent said \"mostly liberal\" and 24 percent said \"neither\". In comparison, MSNBC had 36 percent identify it as \"mostly liberal\", 11 percent as \"mostly conservative\" and 27 percent as \"neither\". CNN had 37 percent describe it as \"mostly liberal\", 11 percent as \"mostly conservative\" and 33 percent as \"neither\". A 2004 Pew Research Center survey showed that FNC was cited (unprompted) by 69 percent of national journalists as a conservative news organization. The survey showed that 34 percent of national journalists describe themselves as liberal, compared with 7 percent who describe themselves as conservative. ", "precise_score": -6.740250110626221, "rough_score": -7.5827178955078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "A 2010 study by Sean Aday comparing Fox News Channel's Special Report With Brit Hume and NBC's Nightly News coverage of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan during 2005 found that both underplayed bad news; it concluded that \"Fox News was much more sympathetic to the administration than NBC\", suggesting that \"if scholars continue to find evidence of a partisan or ideological bias at FNC...they should consider Fox as alternative, rather than mainstream, media\". Aday also stated, however, that the data used in his study may have come late enough in the war to be consistent with accepted practice. ", "precise_score": -7.964410781860352, "rough_score": -6.744253158569336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In Pakistan, Fox News Channel is available on PTCL Smart TV and a number of cable and IPTV operators.", "precise_score": -8.296884536743164, "rough_score": -7.57771635055542, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Ted Turner's creation of the Cable News Network (CNN) in 1980 inaugurated a new era of 24-hour satellite news broadcasting. In 1991, the BBC introduced a competitor, BBC World Service Television. Rupert Murdoch's Australian News Corporation entered the picture with Fox News Channel in the USA, Sky News in Britain, and STAR TV in Asia. Combining this new appartus with the use of embedded reporters, the United States waged the 1991–1992 Gulf War with the assistance of nonstop media coverage. CNN's specialty is the crisis, to which the network is prepared to shift its total attention if so chosen.Hachten, World News Prism (1996), pp. 45–48. “When a major crisis breaks out overseas, ABC, CBS, and NBC will issue news bulletins and then go back to scheduled programming and perhaps do a late-evening wrap-up, but CNN stays on the air for long stretches of time continually updating the story. The networks' version of the story will be seen in the United States; CNN's version will be seen all over the world.” CNN news was transmitted via INTELSAT communications satellites. CNN, said an executive, would bring a “town crier to the global village”.", "precise_score": -8.457375526428223, "rough_score": -5.308785438537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "News" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Internationally distributed cable news channels include BBC News, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, and Sky News. Televisions are densely concentrated in the United States (98% of households), and the average American watches 4 hours of television programming each day. In other parts of the world, such as Kenya—especially rural areas without much electricity—television is rare.", "precise_score": -7.774259567260742, "rough_score": -5.565767765045166, "source": "wiki", "title": "News" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch, who hired former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO. It launched on October 7, 1996, to 17 million cable subscribers. It grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become the dominant cable news network in the United States. Rupert Murdoch is the current chairman and acting CEO of Fox News. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.249279022216797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In February 1996, after former U.S. Republican Party political strategist and NBC executive Roger Ailes left cable television channel America's Talking (now MSNBC), Murdoch asked him to start Fox News Channel. Ailes demanded five months of 14-hour workdays and several weeks of rehearsal shows before its launch on October 7, 1996. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.90014934539795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "From the beginning, FNC has placed heavy emphasis on visual presentation. Graphics were designed to be colorful and attention-getting; this helped the viewer to grasp the main points of what was being said, even if they could not hear the host (with on-screen text summarizing the position of the interviewer or speaker, and \"bullet points\" when a host was delivering commentary). Fox News also created the \"Fox News Alert,\" which interrupted its regular programming when a breaking news story occurred.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.933460235595703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "To accelerate its adoption by cable providers, Fox News paid systems up to $11 per subscriber to distribute the channel. This contrasted with the normal practice, in which cable operators paid stations carriage fees for programming. When Time Warner bought Ted Turner's Turner Broadcasting System, a federal antitrust consent decree required Time Warner to carry a second all-news channel in addition to its own CNN on its cable systems. Time Warner selected MSNBC as the secondary news channel, not Fox News. Fox News claimed that this violated an agreement (to carry Fox News). Citing its agreement to keep its U.S. headquarters and a large studio in New York City, News Corporation enlisted the help of Mayor Rudolph Giuliani's administration to pressure Time Warner Cable (one of the city's two cable providers) to transmit Fox News on a city-owned channel. City officials threatened to take action affecting Time Warner's cable franchises in the city. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.285282135009766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "During the September 11, 2001 attacks, Fox News was the first news organization to run a news ticker on the bottom of the screen to keep up with the flow of information that day. The ticker has remained, informing viewers about additional news which reporters may not mention on-screen and repeating news mentioned during a broadcast; it has proven popular with viewers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.862271308898926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "FNC maintains an archive of most of its programs. This archive also includes Fox Movietone newsreels. Licensing for the Fox News archive is handled by ITN Source, the archiving division of ITN.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.227410316467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "FNC presents a variety of programming, with up to 15 hours of live broadcasting per day in addition to programming and content for the Fox Broadcasting Company. Most programs are broadcast from Fox News headquarters in New York City (at 1211 Avenue of the Americas), in its streetside studio on Sixth Avenue in the west wing of Rockefeller Center, sharing its headquarters with sister channel Fox Business Network. Fox News Channel has seven studios at its New York City headquarters that are used for its and Fox Business' programming: Studio B (used for Fox Business programming), Studio D (which has an area for studio audiences; and is used by The Five and Outnumbered), Studio E (used for Fox & Friends, Happening Now, Your World with Neil Cavuto, Red Eye, and certain editions of America's News HQ), Studio G (which houses Fox Business shows), Studio H (Fox News Deck used for Shepard Smith Reporting and breaking news coverage), Studio J (used for Fox & Friends First, America's Newsroom, The Real Story, The Kelly File, Hannity and Justice with Judge Jeanine) and the Web Studio (used for Fox News Live internet shows).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.626914024353027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "The remaining programs (such as Special Report with Bret Baier, On the Record w/ Greta Van Susteren, and editions of America's News HQ not broadcast from the New York City studios) are broadcast from Fox News's Washington, D.C. studio, located on Capitol Hill across from Union Station in a secured building shared by a number of other television networks (including NBC News and C-SPAN). Audio simulcasts of the channel are aired on XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.310189247131348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Fox News Channel began broadcasting in the 720p resolution format on May 1, 2008. This format is available on all major cable and satellite providers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.361820220947266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "With the growth of FNC, the company introduced a radio division, Fox News Radio, in 2003. Syndicated throughout the United States, the division provides short newscasts and talk radio programs featuring personalities from the television and radio divisions. In 2006, the company also introduced Fox News Talk, a satellite radio station featuring programs syndicated by (and featuring) Fox News personalities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.632375717163086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Introduced in December 1995, the Fox News website features the latest coverage (including columns by FNC television, radio and online personalities). Video clips are also available on Foxnews.com and Foxbusiness.com. Fox News Latino is the version aimed at the Hispanic audience, although presented almost entirely in English, with a Spanish section. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.53169059753418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In September 2008, FNC joined other channels in introducing a live streaming segment to its website: The Strategy Room, designed to appeal to older viewers. It airs weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and takes the form of an informal discussion, with running commentary on the news. Regular discussion programs include Business Hour, News With a View and God Talk. In March 2009, The Fox Nation was launched as a website intended to encourage readers to post, commenting on the news. Fox News Mobile is the portion of the FNC website dedicated to streaming news clips formatted for video-enabled mobile phones. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.138772964477539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "* Alexis Glick (Left Fox Business in December 2009, used to contribute on Fox News since 2006). Now at CNN", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.676619529724121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "FNC saw a large ratings jump during the early stages of the US invasion of Iraq. According to some reports, at the height of the conflict Fox News had as much as a 300-percent increase in viewership (averaging 3.3 million viewers daily). In 2004, FNC's ratings for its broadcast of the Republican National Convention exceeded those of the three major broadcast networks. During President George W. Bush's address, Fox News attracted 7.3 million viewers nationally; NBC, ABC, and CBS had a viewership of 5.9 million, 5.1 million and 5.0 million respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.38701057434082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In late 2005 and early 2006, FNC saw a brief decline in ratings. One decline was in the second quarter of 2006, when Fox News lost viewers for every prime-time program compared with the previous quarter. The audience for Special Report with Brit Hume, for example, dropped 19 percent. Several weeks later, in the wake of the 2006 North Korean missile test and the 2006 Lebanon War, Fox saw a surge in viewership and remained the #1-rated cable news channel. Fox produced eight of the top ten most-watched nightly cable news shows, with The O'Reilly Factor and Hannity & Colmes finishing first and second respectively. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.181328773498535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In primetime and total day ratings for the week of April 15 to 21, 2013, Fox News, propelled by its coverage of the Boston Marathon bombing, was the highest-ranked network on U.S. cable television, for the first time since August 2005, when Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast of the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.0385103225708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "January 2014 marked Fox News's 145th consecutive month as the number one rated cable news channel. During that month, Fox News beat CNN and MSNBC combined in overall viewers in both prime time hours and the total day. In the third quarter of 2014, the network was the most-watched cable channel during prime time hours. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.086081504821777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "As indicated by a New York Times article, based on Nielsen statistics, Fox appears to have a mostly aged demographic. In 2008, in the 25–54 age group, Fox News had an average of 557,000 viewers, but dropped to 379,000 in 2013 while increasing its overall audience from 1.89 million in 2010 to 2.02 million in 2013. The median age for Fox News viewers is listed as 65+ as Nielsen does not give exact figures for ages over 65.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.877635955810547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Fox News Channel has long been accused of promoting conservative political positions and it has been widely criticized for biased reporting. Critics of the channel have stated Fox News has a bias favoring the political right and the Republican Party. Fox News host Chris Wallace has said, \"I think we are the counter-weight [to NBC News] ... they have a liberal agenda, and we tell the other side of the story.\" Timothy Noah stated in an editorial in Slate Magazine that Fox News had a conservative bias. Fox News has publicly denied such statements. Murdoch and Ailes' replies have included Murdoch's statement that Fox has \"given room to both sides, whereas only one side had it before\". In 2004, director Robert Greenwald produced the documentary film Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism, which argues that Fox News has a conservative bias. The film includes clips from Fox News and internal memos from editorial vice president John Moody directing Fox News staff on how to report certain subjects. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.78727388381958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "A leaked memo from Fox News vice president Bill Sammon to news staff at the height of the health care reform in the United States debate has been cited as an example of the pro-Republican Party bias of Fox News. His memo asked the staff to \"use the term 'government-run health insurance,' or, when brevity is a concern, 'government option,' whenever possible\". The memo was sent shortly after Republican pollster Frank Luntz advised Sean Hannity on his Fox show that \"If you call it a public option, the American people are split. If you call it the government option, the public is overwhelmingly against it\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.765934944152832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "A poll by Rasmussen Reports found that 31 percent of Americans felt that Fox News has a conservative bias, and 15 percent that it has a liberal bias. The poll also reported that 36 percent believed Fox News delivers news with neither a conservative or liberal bias, compared with 37 percent who said NPR delivers news with no conservative or liberal bias and 32 percent who said the same of CNN. A 2007 study looked at the introduction of Fox News into local U.S. markets between 1996 and 2000, and found that in the 2000 presidential election \"Republicans gained 0.4 to 0.7 percentage points in the towns that broadcast Fox News\". The study's estimates \"imply that Fox News convinced 3 to 28 percent of its viewers to vote Republican, depending on the audience measure\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.540569305419922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "David Carr, media critic for The New York Times, praised the 2012 presidential election results coverage on Fox News for the network's response to Republican adviser and Fox News contributor Karl Rove challenging its call that Barack Obama would win Ohio and the election. Fox's prediction was correct. Carr wrote:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.90376091003418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "in the U.S. media,\" cataloged what it called the ten most \"egregious examples\" of \"distortion\" by both Fox News and its TV personalities. Criticism includes several examples of cropping quotes from President Obama, Vice President Biden and Vice President Gore so they appear out of context, using image-manipulation software to edit the appearance of reporters from The New York Times and using footage from other events during a report on the November 5, 2009 Tea Party rally in Washington, D.C.; Media Matters said the intention of Fox News was to make it appear as if a larger number of protesters attended the event. The group also called attention to the December 4, 2009 edition of Fox and Friends, accusing the program of misleading its viewers with a \"questionable graphic\" showing the result of a Rasmussen Reports climate-change poll totaling 120 percent. Fox News disputed the claim that the graph was in error, saying that they merely took three pieces of polling data from Rasmussen Polls on the screen, and also pointed out that they never explicitly said on the screen that the climate change graph was supposed to equal 100%. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.047767639160156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In November 2009, Fox News anchor Gregg Jarrett told viewers that a Sarah Palin book signing in Grand Rapids, Michigan had a massive turnout, showing footage of Palin with a large crowd. Jarrett stated that the former Republican vice-presidential candidate is \"continuing to draw huge crowds while she's promoting her brand-new book\", adding that the images being shown were \"some of the pictures just coming in to us.... The lines earlier had formed this morning\". The video was actually taken from a 2008 McCain-Palin campaign rally. Fox senior vice president for news Michael Clemente issued a statement saying, \"This was a production error in which the copy editor changed a script and didn't alert the control room to update the video\". Fox offered an on-air apology the following day during the same Happening Now segment, expressing regrets for what it described as a \"video error\" with no intent to mislead. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.163268089294434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Obama administration conflict with Fox News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.886205673217773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In September 2009, the Obama administration engaged in a verbal conflict with Fox News Channel. On September 20, President Obama appeared on all major news programs except Fox News, a snub partially in response to remarks about the president by commentators Glenn Beck and Sean Hannity, and Fox coverage of Obama's health-care proposal. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.376517295837402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In late September 2009, Obama senior advisor David Axelrod and Roger Ailes met in secret to attempt to smooth out tensions between the two camps. Two weeks later, White House officials referred to FNC as \"not a news network\", communications director Anita Dunn stating that \"Fox News often operates as either the research arm or the communications arm of the Republican Party\". President Obama observed, \"If media is operating basically as a talk radio format, then that's one thing, and if it's operating as a news outlet, then that's another\". White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel stated that it was important \"to not have the CNNs and the others in the world basically be led in following Fox\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.115744590759277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "On November 8, 2009, the Los Angeles Times reported that an unnamed Democratic consultant was warned by the White House not to appear on Fox News again. According to the article, Anita Dunn claimed in an e-mail to have checked with colleagues who \"deal with TV issues\" and had been told that nobody had been instructed to avoid Fox. Patrick Caddell, a Fox News contributor and former pollster for President Jimmy Carter, said he had spoken with other Democratic consultants who had received similar warnings from the White House. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.633096694946289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "On October 2, 2013, Fox News host Anna Kooiman cited on the air a fake story from the National Report parody site, which claimed that President Obama had offered to keep the International Museum of Muslim Cultures open with cash from his own pocket. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.57861614227295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Initially, U.S. advertisements were replaced on FNC with viewer e-mail and profiles of FNC anchors set to music. In 2002, these were replaced with international weather forecasts. In 2006, the weather forecasts were replaced with Fox Extra (originally Fox News Extra, prior to the international launch of Fox Business) segments, narrated reports from Fox on a variety of topics. These reports generally concern lighter issues unrelated to current news events, and the segments are repeated. FNC also shows international weather forecasts when Fox Extra segments run short. In the United Kingdom, after a period when local commercials were inserted into breaks, Fox Extra now fills most breaks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.266926765441895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In 2003, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) rejected a Canadian Cable Telecommunications Association (CCTA) application to bring Fox News to Canada due to concerns that Fox News U.S. and the Global Television Network were planning to create a combined American-Canadian news network. In 2004, after a Fox News U.S. executive said there were no plans to create a combined channel, the CRTC approved an application to bring Fox News to Canada. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.912324905395508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Fox News is available on cable through French internet providers Free and Orange.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.67034912109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "FNC is carried in the Republic of Ireland by the British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) satellite television network (Sky), which is 40-percent owned by FNC's parent company, 21st Century Fox. It is run as a sister channel to BSkyB's popular Sky News. FNC is usually broadcast as a VideoGuard-encrypted channel; during major news stories, it may be simulcast on Sky Active, which is free-to-air. As of September 2006, the channel has carried UK-specific advertising, headlines and weather provided by Sky News during its breaks. These run under the brand of Fox News International. Due to the shared ownership of Fox and Sky, Fox News and Sky News share bureaus and reporters for breaking news stories worldwide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.033053398132324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In Italy, FNC was launched on the now-defunct Italian digital satellite television platform Stream TV in 2001. Part of its programming was translated into Italian and broadcast on the defunct Italian news channel Stream News. In 2003, it moved to SKY Italia, with U.S. commercials replaced by Fox News Extra segments. It is available to 4.6 million subscribers and 160,000 hotel rooms. SKY TG 24 is a sister channel to Fox News.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.601731300354004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In the Netherlands, Fox News has been carried by cable providers UPC and CASEMA, and satellite provider Canaldigitaal; all have dropped the channel in recent years. At this time, only cable provider Caiway (available in a limited number of towns in the central part of the country) is broadcasting the channel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.544715881347656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In New Zealand, FNC is broadcast on Channel 088 of pay satellite operator SKY Network Television's digital platform. It was formerly broadcast overnight on free-to-air UHF New Zealand TV channel Prime (owned by SKY); this was discontinued in January 2010, reportedly due to an expiring broadcasting license. Fox News' former parent company News Corporation has a stake in both SKY and Prime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.054475784301758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "In the Philippines, Fox News Channel was available on cable operator Global Destiny channel 21. Now on Skycable Philippines Channel 112 it is available only on digital platform. And now on Skycable available on High Definition Channel 211. It is also seen on Cignal Digital TV channel 41.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.611680030822754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Between 2003 and 2006, in Sweden and the other Scandinavian countries, FNC was broadcast 16 hours a day on TV8 (with Fox News Extra segments replacing U.S. advertising). Fox News was dropped by TV8 and replaced by German news channel Deutsche Welle in September 2006.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.814709663391113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "FNC is also carried in the United Kingdom by Sky, the British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) satellite television network, which is 40-percent owned by FNC parent 21st Century Fox. It is run as a sister channel to BSkyB's own Sky News. FNC is usually broadcast as a VideoGuard-encrypted channel; during major news stories, it may be simulcast on Sky Active, which is free-to-air. , the channel has carried UK-specific advertising, headlines and weather provided by Sky News during its breaks. These run under the brand of Fox News International. Beginning in winter 2011, most breaks resumed Fox Extra. Due to the shared ownership of Fox and Sky, Fox News (and Fox Business) and Sky News share bureaus and reporters for breaking news stories worldwide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.338892936706543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" }, { "answer": "Fox News", "passage": "Fox News Channel is carried in more than 40 other countries. Although service to Japan ceased in summer 2003, it can still be seen on Americable (distributor for American bases), Mediatti (Kadena Air Base) and Pan Global TV Japan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.814393997192383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox News Channel" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tungsten", "passage": "Chemical symbols often resemble classical Latin and Greek vocabulary. For some elements, this is because the material was known in ancient times, while for others, the name is a more recent invention. For example, \"He\" is the symbol for helium (New Latin name, not known in ancient Roman times), \"Pb\" for lead (plumbum in Latin), and \"Hg\" for mercury (hydrargyrum in Greek). Some symbols come from other sources, like \"W\" for tungsten (Wolfram in German, not known in Roman times).", "precise_score": -5.267248153686523, "rough_score": -6.8446807861328125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Symbol (chemistry)" }, { "answer": "Tungsten", "passage": "The first of these symbols were intended to be fully universal. Since Latin was the common language of science at that time, they were abbreviations based on the Latin names of metals. Cu comes from Cuprum, Fe comes from Ferrum, Ag from Argentum. The symbols were not followed by a period (full stop) as with abbreviations. Later chemical elements were also assigned unique chemical symbols, based on the name of the element, but not necessarily in English. For example, sodium has the chemical symbol 'Na' after the Latin natrium. The same applies to \"W\" (wolfram) for tungsten, \"Fe\" (ferrum) for iron, \"Hg\" (hydrargyrum) for mercury, \"Sn\" (stannum) for tin, \"K\" (kalium) for potassium, \"Au\" (aurum) for gold, \"Ag\" (argentum) for silver, \"Pb\" (plumbum) for lead, \"Cu\" (cuprum) for copper, and \"Sb\" (stibium) for antimony.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7091546058654785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "answer": "Tungsten", "passage": "* Such now-familiar industrial materials as aluminium, silicon, nickel, chromium, magnesium, and tungsten", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.999014854431152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical element" } ]

[ { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "While Maryland is a Democratic Party stronghold, perhaps its best known political figure is a Republican – former Governor Spiro Agnew, who served as United States Vice President under Richard Nixon. He was Vice President from 1969 to 1973, when he resigned in the aftermath of revelations that he had taken bribes while he was Governor of Maryland. In late 1973 a court found Agnew guilty of violating tax laws.", "precise_score": 2.7335519790649414, "rough_score": 4.589619159698486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maryland" }, { "answer": "Vice President Agnew", "passage": "Though Nixon lost much popular support, even from his own party, he rejected accusations of wrongdoing and vowed to stay in office. He insisted that he had made mistakes, but had no prior knowledge of the burglary, did not break any laws, and did not learn of the cover-up until early 1973. On October 10, 1973, Vice President Agnew resigned —unrelated to Watergate— and was convicted on charges of bribery, tax evasion and money laundering during his tenure as Governor of Maryland. Nixon chose Gerald Ford, Minority Leader of the House of Representatives, to replace Agnew.", "precise_score": 6.284881114959717, "rough_score": 7.021429061889648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Richard Nixon" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "Since the adoption of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, the office has been vacant twice while awaiting confirmation of the new vice president by both houses of Congress. The first such instance occurred in 1973 following the resignation of Spiro Agnew as Richard Nixon's vice president. Gerald Ford was subsequently nominated by President Nixon and confirmed by Congress. The second occurred 10 months later when Nixon resigned following the Watergate scandal and Ford assumed the presidency. The resulting vice presidential vacancy was filled by Nelson Rockefeller. Ford and Rockefeller are the only two people to have served as vice president without having been elected to the office, and Ford remains the only person to have served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office.", "precise_score": 2.302351474761963, "rough_score": 1.2267906665802002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "On October 10, 1973, Spiro Agnew became the second Vice President to resign the office. Unlike John C. Calhoun, who resigned to take a seat in the Senate, Agnew resigned and then pleaded no contest to criminal charges of tax evasion, part of a negotiated resolution to a scheme wherein he was accused of accepting more than $100,000 in bribes during his tenure as governor of Maryland. Agnew was fined $10,000 and received three years' probation. The $10,000 fine covered only the taxes and interest due on what was \"unreported income\" from 1967. The plea bargain was later mocked by former Maryland Attorney General Stephen H. Sachs as \"the greatest deal since the Lord spared Isaac on the mountaintop.\" Students of Professor John F. Banzhaf III from the George Washington University Law School, collectively known as Banzhaf's Bandits, found four residents of the state of Maryland willing to put their names on a case that sought to have Agnew repay the state $268,482, the amount it was said he had taken in bribes. After two appeals by Agnew, he finally wrote a check for $268,482 that was turned over to Maryland State Treasurer William S. James in 1983. ", "precise_score": 6.129040718078613, "rough_score": 5.939397811889648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Ted Agnew", "passage": "Agnew always maintained that the tax evasion and bribery charges were an attempt by Nixon to divert attention from the growing Watergate scandal. After their resignations, Agnew and Nixon never spoke to each other again. As a gesture of reconciliation, Nixon's daughters invited Agnew to attend Nixon's funeral in 1994, and Agnew accepted. In 1996, when Agnew died, Nixon's daughters returned the favor by attending Agnew's funeral.", "precise_score": -1.7044826745986938, "rough_score": -0.550460696220398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "In 2014 Larry Hogan, a Republican, was elected Governor of Maryland. Hogan is the second Republican to become the Governor of Maryland since Spiro Agnew's term ended in 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.087303161621094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maryland" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "One of the most tumultuous primary election seasons ever began as the Tet Offensive was launched, followed by the withdrawal of President Johnson as a candidate after doing unexpectedly poorly in the New Hampshire primary; it concluded with the assassination of one of the Democratic candidates, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, just moments after his victory in the California primary. On the Republican side, Nixon's main opposition was Michigan Governor George Romney, though New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller and California Governor Ronald Reagan each hoped to be nominated in a brokered convention. Nixon secured the nomination on the first ballot. He selected Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew as his running mate, a choice which Nixon believed would unite the party, appealing to both Northern moderates and Southerners disaffected with the Democrats.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.581627368927002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Richard Nixon" }, { "answer": "Vice President Agnew", "passage": "The Nixon presidency witnessed the first large-scale integration of public schools in the South. Nixon sought a middle way between the segregationist Wallace and liberal Democrats, whose support of integration was alienating some Southern whites. Hopeful of doing well in the South in 1972, he sought to dispose of desegregation as a political issue before then. Soon after his inauguration, he appointed Vice President Agnew to lead a task force, which worked with local leaders—both white and black—to determine how to integrate local schools. Agnew had little interest in the work, and most of it was done by Labor Secretary George Shultz. Federal aid was available, and a meeting with President Nixon was a possible reward for compliant committees. By September 1970, less than ten percent of black children were attending segregated schools. By 1971, however, tensions over desegregation surfaced in Northern cities, with angry protests over the busing of children to schools outside their neighborhood to achieve racial balance. Nixon opposed busing personally but enforced court orders requiring its use.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.530796527862549, "source": "wiki", "title": "Richard Nixon" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": " Gerald Ford was the first vice president selected by this method, after the resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew in 1973; after succeeding to the presidency, Ford nominated Nelson Rockefeller as vice president.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.29490065574646, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Spiro Theodore Agnew", "passage": "Spiro Theodore Agnew (; November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was an American politician who served as the 39th Vice President of the United States from 1969 to 1973, under President Richard Nixon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2066636085510254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "Spiro Agnew was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His parents were Theodore Spiros Agnew, a Greek immigrant who shortened his name from Anagnostopoulos (Αναγνωστόπουλος) (originally from Gargalianoi, Messenia) when he moved to the United States, and Margaret Marian (Akers) Pollard Agnew, a native of Virginia. Spiro had a half brother, Roy Pollard, from his mother's first marriage (she was widowed at the time she met Spiro's father). Agnew eschewed his father's Greek Orthodox Church. His Greek family has direct lineage from the island of Chios. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.099348068237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "Spiro Agnew began his political career as the first president of the Loch Raven Community Council and the President of the Dumbarton Junior High School PTA. A Democrat from early youth, he switched parties and became a Republican. During the 1950s, he aided U.S. Congressman James Devereux in winning four successive elections. In 1957, he was appointed to the Baltimore County Board of Zoning Appeals by Democratic Baltimore County Executive Michael J. Birmingham. In 1960, he made his first run for office as a candidate for Judge of the Circuit Court, finishing last in a five-person contest. The following year, the new Democratic Baltimore County Executive, Christian H. Kahl, dropped him from the Zoning Board.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.139326095581055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "Agnew soon found his role as the voice of the so-called \"silent majority,\" and by late 1969 he was ranking high on national \"Most Admired Men\" polls. He also inspired a fashion craze when one entrepreneur introduced Spiro Agnew watches (a takeoff on the popular Mickey Mouse watch); conservatives wore them to show their support for Agnew, while many liberals wore them to signify their contempt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.315010070800781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Nattering nabob", "passage": "Agnew was known for his scathing criticisms of political opponents, especially journalists and anti-war activists. Agnew would attack his adversaries with relish, hurling unusual, often alliterative epithets, some of which were coined by White House speechwriters William Safire and Pat Buchanan, including \"pusillanimous pussyfooters,\" \"nattering nabobs of negativism\" (written by Safire) and \"hopeless, hysterical hypochondriacs of history.\" In a speech denouncing the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, he characterized the war's opponents as \"an effete corps of impudent snobs who characterize themselves as intellectuals.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.294795036315918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Ted Agnew", "passage": "Despite Agnew's continued loyalty to the Nixon administration, his relationship with Nixon deteriorated almost from the start of their political affiliation. Although Nixon initially liked and respected Agnew, as time progressed he felt his vice president lacked the intelligence and vision, particularly in foreign affairs, to sit in the Oval Office, and he began freezing Agnew out of the White House decision-making process. By some accounts, the President was also resentful that the self-confident Agnew was so popular with many Americans. By 1970, Agnew was limited to seeing the president only during cabinet meetings or in the occasional and brief one-on-one, with Agnew given no opportunity to discuss much of substance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.32296895980835, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "*Spiro Agnew (R)—elected unopposed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123212814331055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "*Spiro Agnew (R)—455,318 (49.50%)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.112196922302246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "*Spiro Agnew—1,119 (83.95%)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.243438720703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "*Richard Nixon/Spiro Agnew (R)—31,783,783 (43.4%) and 301 electoral votes (32 states carried)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.284272193908691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "*Spiro Agnew (inc.)—1,345 (99.78%)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310638427734375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "answer": "Spiro Agnew", "passage": "*Richard Nixon/Spiro Agnew (R) (inc.)—47,168,710 (60.7%) and 520 electoral votes (49 states carried)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.864343643188477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spiro Agnew" } ]

[ { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "The deformed Quasimodo is described as \"hideous\" and a \"creation of the devil.\" He was born with a severe hunchback, and a giant wart that covers his left eye. He was born to a Gypsy tribe, but due to his monstrous appearance he was switched during infancy with a physically normal baby girl (the infant Esmeralda). After being discovered, Quasimodo is exorcised and taken to Paris, where he is found abandoned in Notre Dame (on the foundlings' bed, where orphans and unwanted children are left to public charity) on Quasimodo Sunday, the first Sunday after Easter, by Claude Frollo, the Archdeacon of Notre Dame, who adopts the baby, names him after the day the baby was found, and brings him up to be the bell-ringer of the Cathedral. Due to the loud ringing of the bells, Quasimodo also becomes deaf. Although he is hated for his deformity, it is revealed that he is fairly kind at heart. Though Quasimodo commits acts of violence in the novel, these are only undertaken when he is instructed by others.", "precise_score": 2.778327703475952, "rough_score": 5.324839115142822, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "However, Quasimodo is never loved by Esmeralda (the main theme of the book being the cruelty of social injustice); although she recognizes his kindness toward her, she is nonetheless repulsed by his ugliness and terrified of him. (In the 1982 television film version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, she kisses him goodbye at the end; something that does not occur in either the book, nor any other film version of the novel.) He continues to watch over her and protect her regardless, and at one point saves her from Frollo (and stops short of killing him) when the mad priest sexually assaults her in her room.", "precise_score": 3.7593560218811035, "rough_score": 4.155995845794678, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Two famous musicians of the 19th century were friends of Hugo: Hector Berlioz and Franz Liszt. The latter played Beethoven in Hugo's home, and Hugo joked in a letter to a friend that, thanks to Liszt's piano lessons, he learned how to play a favourite song on the piano – with only one finger. Hugo also worked with composer Louise Bertin, writing the libretto for her 1836 opera La Esmeralda, which was based on the character in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Although for various reasons the opera closed soon after its fifth performance and is little known today, it has enjoyed a modern revival, both in a piano/song concert version by Liszt at the 2007 and in a full orchestral version presented in July 2008 at . ", "precise_score": -1.6836801767349243, "rough_score": -0.9969346523284912, "source": "wiki", "title": "Victor Hugo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Twenty years later, Quasimodo develops into a kind yet isolated young man who has lived inside the cathedral his entire life. A trio of living stone gargoyles—Victor, Hugo, and Laverne—serve as Quasimodo's only company, and encourage him to attend the annually-held Festival of Fools. Despite Frollo's warnings that he would be shunned for his deformity, Quasimodo attends the festival and is celebrated for his awkward appearance, only to be humiliated by the crowd after Frollo's men start a riot. Frollo refuses to help Quasimodo, but Esmeralda, a kind gypsy, intervenes by freeing the hunchback, and uses a magic trick to evade arrest. Frollo confronts Quasimodo and sends him back inside the cathedral.", "precise_score": 1.1564059257507324, "rough_score": 2.9042909145355225, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Esmeralda follows Quasimodo inside, only to be followed herself by Captain Phoebus of Frollo's guard. Phoebus refuses to arrest her for alleged witchcraft inside Notre Dame and instead has her confined to the cathedral. Esmeralda finds and befriends Quasimodo, who helps her escape Notre Dame out of gratitude for defending him. She entrusts Quasimodo a pendant containing a map to the gypsies' hideout, the Court of Miracles. Frollo soon develops lustful feelings for Esmeralda and, upon realizing them, begs the Virgin Mary to save him from her \"spell\" to avoid eternal damnation. When Frollo discovers that she escaped, he instigates a city-wide manhunt for her which involves setting fire to countless houses in his way. Phoebus is appalled by Frollo's evil reputation and defies him. Frollo then sentences Phoebus to death. Phoebus is struck by an arrow and falls into the River Seine, but Esmeralda rescues him and takes him to Notre Dame for refuge. The gargoyles encourage Quasimodo to confess his feelings for Esmeralda, but he is heartbroken to discover she and Phoebus have fallen in love.", "precise_score": 0.9541355967521667, "rough_score": -2.4079244136810303, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Demi Moore as Esmeralda (singing voice by Heidi Mollenhauer)– A beautiful, streetwise Gypsy dancing girl who befriends Quasimodo and shows him that his soul is truly beautiful, even if his exterior is not. Highly independent and strong-minded, she abhors Frollo's treatment of Paris's gypsies and other outcasts, and seeks justice for them throughout the film. She falls in love with (and later marries) Captain Phoebus. Tony Fucile served as the supervising animator for Esmeralda.", "precise_score": 3.1517999172210693, "rough_score": 1.1882940530776978, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Tony Jay as Judge Claude Frollo– A ruthless, self-righteous and religiously pious judge who is Quasimodo's reluctant guardian. He has an intense hatred of the gypsy population and seeks to annihilate their entire race. In comparison to Victor Hugo's novel, he also displays a sadistic and lustful obsession with Esmeralda. Frollo generally believes all he does is in God's will, despite frequent disagreements with the cathedral's Archdeacon. Kathy Zielinski served as the supervising animator for Frollo.", "precise_score": -0.7058157920837402, "rough_score": 2.5536270141601562, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "In late 1993, pop singer Cyndi Lauper was the first actor attached to the film during its initial stages. Thinking she was cast as Esmeralda, Lauper was startled to learn she was to voice a gargoyle named Quinn, and was hired one week after one reading with the directors. The development team would later come up with the names of Chaney, Laughton and Quinn – named after the actors who portrayed Quasimodo in preceding Hunchback film adaptations. However, Disney's legal department objected to the proposed names of the gargoyles, fearing that the estates of Lon Chaney, Charles Laughton, or Anthony Quinn (who was still alive at the time) would file a lawsuit over using their names so the names were dropped. Trousdale and Wise then suggested naming the characters Lon, Charles, and Anthony – which would have resulted in the same legal concern – before naming the first two gargoyles after Victor Hugo, and the third gargoyle after Andrews Sisters singer Laverne Andrews. Now cast as Laverne, Lauper was deemed too youthful for a friend to provide Quasimodo wise counsel while at the same time Sam McMurray – best known for his work on The Tracey Ullman Show – was hired for Hugo. Meanwhile, Charles Kimbrough was cast as Victor, who was initially unimpressed at an animated adaptation of Hunchback, but later became rather impressed at the level of research that went into the film and how the story ideas transitioned from the novel to the screen. After several recording sessions and test screenings, Lauper and McMurray were called by the directors who regrettably released them from their roles. Jason Alexander, having voiced Abis Mal in The Return of Jafar, was cast as Hugo fulfilling a lifelong desire to be in a Disney film. Laverne was then revisioned into a wiser, mature character with Mary Wickes cast in the role. Following Wickes' death in October 1995, Jane Withers was hired to voice her six remaining lines. ", "precise_score": -0.0948684811592102, "rough_score": 0.159775048494339, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "In June 1998, production on a sequel titled The Hunchback of Notre Dame Deux: The Secret of the Bells was announced, and slated for release in fall 1999. However, the sequel was delayed from its planned fall release in order to accommodate the recording of \"I'm Gonna Love You\" by Jennifer Love Hewitt. The sequel reunited its original voice cast, with Hewitt, Haley Joel Osment and Michael McKean voicing new characters. In 2002, the direct-to-video sequel, The Hunchback of Notre Dame II, was released on VHS and DVD. The plot focuses once again on Quasimodo as he continues to ring the bells now with the help of Zephyr, Esmeralda and Phoebus's son. He also meets and falls in love with a new girl named Madellaine who has come to Paris with her evil circus master, Sarousch. Disney thought that it was appropriate to make the sequel more fun and child-friendly due to the dark and grim themes of the original film.", "precise_score": 3.975398302078247, "rough_score": 4.992652416229248, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "The gypsy Esmeralda captures the hearts of many men, including those of Captain Phoebus and Pierre Gringoire, but especially Quasimodo and his guardian Archdeacon Claude Frollo. Frollo is torn between his obsessive lust for Esmeralda and the rules of the Notre Dame Cathedral. He orders Quasimodo to kidnap her, but the hunchback is captured by Phoebus and his guards, who save Esmeralda.", "precise_score": 3.346781015396118, "rough_score": 4.958654880523682, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Quasimodo is the bell-ringer of Notre Dame and a barely verbal and half-blind hunchback. Ringing the church bells has made him deaf. Abandoned by his mother as a baby, he was adopted by Claude Frollo. Quasimodo's life within the confines of the cathedral and his only two outlets — ringing the bells and his love and devotion for Frollo — are described. He ventures outside the Cathedral rarely, since people despise and shun him for his appearance. The notable occasions when he does leave are his taking part in the Festival of Fools — during which he is elected the Pope of Fools due to his perfect hideousness — and his subsequent attempt to kidnap Esmeralda, his rescue of Esmeralda from the gallows, his attempt to bring Phoebus to Esmeralda, and his final abandonment of the cathedral at the end of the novel. It is revealed in the story that the baby Quasimodo was left by the Gypsies in place of Esmeralda, whom they abducted.", "precise_score": 1.0574538707733154, "rough_score": 3.6811487674713135, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Esmeralda (born Agnes) is a beautiful young Gypsy street dancer who is naturally compassionate and kind. She is the center of the human drama within the story. A popular focus of the citizens' attentions, she experiences their changeable attitudes, being first adored as an entertainer, then hated as a witch, before being lauded again for her dramatic rescue by Quasimodo. She is loved by both Quasimodo and Claude Frollo, but falls deeply in love with Captain Phoebus, a handsome soldier who she believes will rightly protect her but who simply wants to seduce her. She is one of the few characters to show Quasimodo a moment of human kindness, as shown when she gives him water after the hunchback's flogging. She is eventually revealed to not actually be a gypsy, but was abducted by them and was replaced with the deformed Quasimodo.", "precise_score": 2.9610002040863037, "rough_score": 4.206991672515869, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* The Hunchback of Notre Dame by Alec R. Costandinos and the Syncophonic Orchestra from 1977, a lush orchestral disco 28 minute epic re-telling the tale of Quasimodo and Esmeralda.", "precise_score": 1.2202482223510742, "rough_score": 4.28884220123291, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Esmerelda and the Goat - Drexel University - IMG 7348.JPG|Esmeralda", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.316694259643555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Romani people" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Looked upon by the general populace of Paris as a monster, he relies on his master Claude Frollo and frequently accompanies him when the Archdeacon walks out. He first encounters the beautiful Romani girl Esmeralda when he and Frollo attempt to kidnap her one night, though in this event Quasimodo did not wish personally to harm Esmeralda, but was complying with his master's demands. Captain Phoebus de Chateaupers arrives to stop the kidnapping and captures Quasimodo. Quasimodo later falls in love when she gives him water as he is being whipped in the pillory for punishment and jeered by a horrid rabble.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2770895957946777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Esmeralda is later entangled in an attempted murder and sentenced to hang for both the attempted murder and witchcraft. As she is being forced to pray at the steps of Notre Dame just before being marched off to the gallows, Quasimodo, who has been watching the occasion from an upper balcony in Notre Dame, slides down with a rope, and rescues her by taking her up to the top of the cathedral, where he poignantly shouts \"Sanctuary!\" to the onlookers below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.843345642089844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "After an uneasy respite, a mob storms Notre Dame, and although Quasimodo tries to fend them off the mob continues attacking until Phoebus and his soldiers arrive to fight and drive off the assailants. Unbeknownst to Quasimodo, Esmeralda is lured outside by Frollo and subsequently seized and hanged. In despair, Quasimodo murders his former benefactor, Frollo, by throwing him from the cathedral when he realizes that he has sealed Esmeralda's doom in hopes of quelling his lust for her. He then leaves Notre Dame, never to return, and heads for the Gibbet of Montfaucon beyond the city walls, passing by the Convent of the Filles-Dieu, a home for 200 reformed prostitutes, and the leper colony of Saint-Lazare. After reaching the Gibbet, he lies next to Esmeralda's corpse, where it had been unceremoniously thrown after the execution. He stays at Montfaucon, and eventually dies of starvation, clutching Esmeralda's body. Years later, an excavation group exhumes both their skeletons which have become intertwined. When it tries to separate them, Quasimodo's bones crumble into dust.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.848913669586182, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "In the novel, he symbolically shows Esmeralda the difference between himself and the shallow, superficial, self-centered, yet handsome Captain Phoebus with whom the girl has become infatuated. He places two vases in her room: one is a beautiful crystal vase, yet broken and filled with dry, withered flowers; the other a humble pot, yet filled with beautiful, fragrant flowers. Esmeralda takes the withered flowers from the crystal vase and presses them passionately on her heart. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.356167793273926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Quasimodo is portrayed as kind-hearted and initially very loyal to his master and so-called father figure Frollo, but eventually becomes innocently rebellious after some encouragement from the gargoyles. He discovers from Esmeralda that the world is not as dark and cruel a place as Frollo imagines it to be. During the Festival of Fools, he is tormented by the crowd when Frollo's thugs start a riot. Eventually, Quasimodo is helped by Esmeralda who frees him and puts the torture to a stop. Later, Esmeralda apologizes to Quasimodo for her actions at the Festival, and he helps her flee from the cathedral in gratitude.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.485691070556641, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Later, the gargoyles cheer up Quasimodo by assuring him that Esmeralda is in love with him, but unfortunately, this is proven wrong after Quasimodo catches Phoebus and Esmeralda kissing, which greatly saddens him. However, Frollo eventually locates the gypsies and Phoebus, sentencing them to death, and has Quasimodo detained. Enraged by Frollo's actions, Quasimodo breaks free and rescues Esmeralda from being immolated by lifting the unconscious Esmeralda. Phoebus breaks free from his cage and rallies the citizens of Paris against Frollo's tyranny. From the bell-tower, Quasimodo and the gargoyles watch the citizens fighting Frollo's army. They pour molten lead, thus disallowing Frollo and his soldiers to break in. However, Frollo successfully manages to enter the cathedral and when the archdeacon attempts to intervene, he throws him down a flight of stairs. He also tries to kill Quasimodo who is mourning Esmeralda (thinking she is already dead). Quasimodo throws Frollo onto the floor, and realizes his evil reputation. Esmeralda awakens and Quasimodo rushes her to safety. He then fights the wrathful Frollo, who eventually falls off a balcony to his death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.35137414932251, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Quasimodo also made some occasional appearances on the Disney Channel series, House of Mouse. At one point, Jiminy Cricket, when giving advice to the guests, consoles him by saying that some people find someone special and some people do not, poking fun at the fact that Quasimodo and Esmeralda did not fall in love at the end of the original film. Quasimodo is also a very rare meetable character at the Disney Parks and Resorts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.988541126251221, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* A German musical stage show Der Glöckner von Notre Dame (1999) derived from the Disney movie, restores some of the darker elements of the original novel lost in the film: Esmeralda dies at the end, Frollo is revealed to have once been a priest in his past (akin to the novel, where he was an archdeacon), and Frollo dies because Quasimodo throws him from the roof rather than falling by accident.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.5777459144592285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Quasimodo appears in Hotel Transylvania voiced by Jon Lovitz. He is the master chef at the titular hotel where puts up with Count Dracula's changing taste buds and has a desire to make a dish out of humans. Quasimodo owns a pet rat named Esmeralda who can sniff out humans and tends to abuse one of the gargoyle waiters. When Quasimodo manages to successfully capture Jonathan, Count Dracula uses his abilities to magically freeze Quasimodo. The abused gargoyle then takes the opportunity to put Quasimodo's finger up his nose. Esmeralda later brought Quasimodo's petrified body to the party where the Fly translates his frozen language that revealed that Jonathan is a human. Around the end of the movie, Quasimodo is still frozen as Wayne and Wanda's children are constantly licking him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.75662899017334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Quasimodo" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Frollo returns to Notre Dame later that night and discovers that Quasimodo helped Esmeralda escape. He bluffs to Quasimodo saying that he knows about the Court of Miracles and that he intends to attack at dawn. Using the map Esmeralda gave him, Quasimodo and Phoebus find the court to warn the gypsies, only for Frollo to follow them and capture all the gypsies present. Frollo prepares to burn Esmeralda at the stake after she rejects his advances, but Quasimodo rescues her and brings her to the cathedral. Phoebus releases the gypsies and rallies the citizens of Paris against Frollo and his men, who try to break into the cathedral. Quasimodo and the gargoyles pour molten lead onto the streets to ensure no one enters, but Frollo successfully manages to enter. He pursues Quasimodo and Esmeralda to the balcony where he and Quasimodo both fall over the edge. Frollo falls to his death in the molten lead, while Quasimodo is caught by Phoebus on a lower floor. Afterward, Quasimodo comes to accept that Phoebus and Esmeralda are in love, and he gives them his blessing. The two encourage him to leave the cathedral into the outside world, where the citizens hail him as a hero and accept him into society.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.073569297790527, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Kevin Kline as Captain Phoebus– A soldier who is Frollo's Captain of the Guard. He does not approve of Frollo's methods and saves people whenever they are in danger, including his love interest Esmeralda. Russ Edmonds served as the supervising animator for Phoebus and Achilles (his horse).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.684978485107422, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* David Ogden Stiers as The Archdeacon– A kind man who helps many characters throughout the film, including Esmeralda. Dave Burgess served as the supervising animator for the Archdeacon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.218192100524902, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "*Frank Welker as Djali— Esmeralda's pet goat, and Hugo's love interest. Ron Husband served as the supervising animator for Djali.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.992624282836914, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Writer Tab Murphy was brought on board to write the screenplay, and it was decided early on that Quasimodo would be the center of the story, as he was in preceding live-action film adaptations. In the early drafts, Quasimodo served as a Cyrano between Phoebus and Esmeralda, but it was discarded to focus more on Quasimodo. Meanwhile, a love story between Quasimodo and Esmeralda was also conceived, according to Murphy, but \"we decided to make Phoebus more heroic and central to the story. Out of that decision grew the idea of some sort of a triangle between Quasimodo, Esmeralda and Phoebus.\" Some of the novel's key characters were jettisoned entirely while the gargoyles of Notre Dame were added to the story by Trousdale and Wise, and portrayed as comedic friends and confidantes of Quasimodo as implied in the novel, which reads \"The other statues, the ones of monsters and demons, felt no hatred for Quasimodo…The saints were his friends and blessed him the monsters were his friends, and protected him. Thus he would pour out his heart at length to them.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.934124946594238, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmerelda", "passage": "One of the first changes made to accommodate Disney's request was to turn the villainous Claude Frollo into a judge rather than an archdeacon, thus avoiding religious sensibilities in the finished film. \"As we were exploring the characters, especially Frollo, we certainly found a lot of historical parallels to the type of mania he had: the Confederate South, Nazi Germany, take your pick,\" explained Wise. \"Those things influenced our thinking.\" Producer Don Hahn evaluated that one inspiration for Frollo was found in Ralph Fiennes's performance as Amon Goeth in Schindler's List, who murders Jews yet desires his Jewish maid. For the opening sequence, Disney story veteran Burny Mattinson constructed an effective sequence that covered much exposition, although studio chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg felt something was missing. Following Stephen Schwartz's suggestion to musicalize the sequence, French animators Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi storyboarded the sequence to Menken and Schwartz's music resulting in \"The Bells of Notre Dame\". Lyricist Stephen Schwartz also worked closely with the writing team even suggesting that the audience should be left wondering what the outcome of what Phoebus would do before he extinguishes the torch in water in retaliation against Frollo. Another was, unsurprisingly, the film's conclusion. While Frollo's death was retained – and, indeed, made even more horrific – Quasimodo and Esmerelda were both spared their fates and given a happy ending. This revised ending was based in part on Victor Hugo's own libretto to a Hunchback opera, in which he had permitted Captain Phoebus to save Esmerelda from her execution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1821892261505127, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Mandy Patinkin was approached for the title role, but his style of portraying Quasimodo collided with the producers' demands, and Patinkin stated \"'I [was] just there at the audition [and I] said, 'I can't do this.'\" Tom Hulce was cast as Quasimodo following his first audition for the role, and according to the actor, he noticed during the audition that the Disney executives, producers, and directors \"were staring at the floor. It looked like everyone was at a memorial service\" until he noticed the floor was lined with storyboard sketches. According to Wise, the filmmakers \"like to audition the voices with our eyes closed, so we see the character's face.\" Quasimodo was originally portrayed as more monstrous, older and with more of a speech impediment during the early rehearsals, but Hulce commented that \"we experimented, endlessly. At one point I was ready to call in and say 'Things just aren't happening.'\". Ultimately, the directors desired to portray Quasimodo with a younger voice different from the previous portrayals since \"[Victor] Hugo described Quasimodo as 20\". Additionally, Hulce was permitted to do his own singing after performing a demo recording of \"Out There\". Desiring a huskier voice different from the leading Disney heroines, Demi Moore was cast as Esmeralda, and met with Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz on singing. After several singing demos, the actress said \"You'd better get someone else,'\" according to Schwartz. New York City cabaret singer Heidi Mollenhauer was selected to provide the singing voice. For the role of Phoebus, co-director Kirk Wise explained that \"As we're designing the characters, we form a short list of names...to help us find the personality of the character.\" Subsequently, the filmmakers modeled his portrayal on the personalities of Errol Flynn and John Wayne, and \"One of the names on the top of the list all the time was Kevin Kline.\" British actor Tony Jay, who declared his role as Frollo as his \"bid for immortality\", was cast after the directors worked with him in Beauty and the Beast. After watching his portrayal as Uncle Ernie in the musical The Who's Tommy, Broadway actor Paul Kandel was selected to voice Clopin. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.025999546051025, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "To achieve large-scale crowd scenes, particularly for the Feast of Fools sequence and the film's climax, computer animation was used to create six types of characters - males and females either average in weight, fat, or thin - which were programmed and assigned 72 specific movements ranging from jumping and clapping. Digital technology also provided a visual sweep that freed Quasimodo to scamper around the cathedral and soar around the plaza to rescue Esmeralda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.789618492126465, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "The film has many musical motifs that carry throughout the film, weaving their way in and out of various pieces of music, and having varying timbres depending on the action in the story at that point. The film's soundtrack includes a musical score written by Alan Menken and songs written by Menken and Stephen Schwartz. Songs include \"The Bells of Notre Dame\" for Clopin, \"Out There\" for Quasimodo and Frollo, \"Topsy Turvy\" also for Clopin, \"God Help the Outcasts\" for Esmeralda, \"Heaven's Light\" and \"Hellfire\" for Quasimodo, the Archdeacon, and Frollo, \"A Guy Like You\" for the gargoyles and \"The Court of Miracles\" for Clopin and the gypsies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.008323669433594, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Three songs written for the film were discarded for the storyboarding process. Trousdale and Wise were not certain what musical number could be placed for the third act, though Menken and Schwartz conceived two love songs, \"In a Place of Miracles\" and \"As Long as There's a Moon\", between Esmeralda and Phoebus in the film. However, Trousdale and Wise felt the song took too much focus off of Quasimodo, and ultimately decided to have Clopin sing about sentencing Phoebus and Quasimodo to death for finding their gypsy hideout. Menken and Schwartz had also written \"Someday\" originally for the film, but the directors suggested that a religious song be sung in the cathedral, and the song was instead featured in the end credits. R&B group All-4-One recorded the song for the end credits of the North American English release, and by the British R&B girl group Eternal in the British English version. Luis Miguel recorded the version for the Latin American Spanish version, which became a major hit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.250793933868408, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame was the first—and only—Disney animated feature to have a major focus on traditional religious faith; pre-Reformation Catholicism. In fact, the words \"God\", \"Lord\", and \"Hell\" are uttered more times in this film than in any other. The Gospel According to Disney explains that \"it is the church...that interposes, or attempts to interpose itself between the villain and his evil intentions.\" The creative team and the studio executives did butt heads on various issues, especially those relating to the religious content in the story, \"for their failure to defend the poor and the powerless\" and concerns that the story was \"too controversial\". Deconstructing Disney notes that the studio \"approached the name of God with an almost Hebraic zeal (that it should never be stated) yet here it is invoked in a manner both pious and puritan.\" Many of the songs were adapted from genuine Latin prayers and chants, such as \"Hellfire,\" which uses the Tridentine form of the Confiteor as a counterpoint melody. The association of the Church with a form of evil leadership by a man who is \"[a religious leader] in almost all respects except the title\" \"implies a church that is ineffective if not full of vice\", the same criticism Hugo gave in his novel. The Gospel According to Disney includes a quote that says \"religion... appears as an impotent, irrelevant caricature [and] Disney refuses to admit a serious role for religion\". At one point, the archdeacon says to Esmeralda, \"You can't right all the wrongs of this world by yourself... perhaps there is someone in here who can,\" referring to God. This questions the power religious people actually have in making the world a moral and happy place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6473798751831055, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "There is what many view as an attack on the Christian Right in the film, due to its strong theme of \"religious and moral hypocrisy\" - religious figures doing immoral things under the name of religion. Frollo is a complex figure who is torn between \"good and evil; chastity and lust.\" While the church represents \"the spirit of a Christian God,\" this is juxtaposed by the cruel actions and snap judgements of Frollo, who claims to be doing God's work. The Gospel According to Disney explains that \"while Frollo's stated goal is to purge the world of vice and sin, according to the opening song, he 'saw corruption everywhere except within.'\" Because \"killing the woman on the steps has put Frollo's soul in mortal danger,\" he has to take the child and look after him as penance. Even then, he absolves himself of agency in the murder by claiming \"God works in mysterious ways,\" and ponders whether \"the child may be of use to him one day.\" During the song \"God Help the Outcasts,\" Esmeralda brings up the point that Jesus — the person in whose name religious people such as Frollo persecute and subjugate \"children of God\" - was in fact an outcast too.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.565450668334961, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "The film also criticizes materialism. When Esmeralda sings \"God Help The Outcasts,\" she \"walks in the opposite direction of more prosperous worshipers who are praying for material and earthly rewards.\" One literary device included in the song is the use of contrast and irony; the rich citizens pray for wealth, fame and \"for glory to shine on their names\" while the destitute Esmeralda prays for the poor and downtrodden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.670394897460938, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Quasimodo, Esmeralda, Victor, Hugo, Laverne and Frollo all made guest appearances on the Disney Channel TV series House of Mouse. Frollo could also be seen amongst a crowd of Disney Villains in Mickey's House of Villains.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.835147857666016, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Disney has converted its adaptation of The Hunchback of Notre Dame into other media. For example, Disney Comic Hits #11, published by Marvel Comics, features two stories based upon the film. From 1997 to 2002 Disney-MGM Studios hosted a live-action stage show based on the film and Disneyland built a new theater-in-the-round and re-themed Big Thunder Ranch as Esmeralda's Cottage, Festival of Foods outdoor restaurant and Festival of Fools extravaganza, which is now multipurpose space accommodating private events and corporate picnics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.421485900878906, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "The following day, Quasimodo is sentenced to be flogged and turned on the pillory for one hour, followed by another hour's public exposure. He calls for water. Esmeralda, seeing his thirst, approaches the public stocks and offers him a drink of water. It saves him, and she captures his heart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.966942310333252, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Later, Esmeralda is arrested and charged with the attempted murder of Phoebus, whom Frollo actually attempted to kill in jealousy after seeing him trying to seduce Esmeralda. She is sentenced to death by hanging. As she is being led to the gallows, Quasimodo swings down by the bell rope of Notre Dame and carries her off to the cathedral under the law of sanctuary, temporarily protecting her from arrest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.182275295257568, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "Frollo later informs Gringoire that the Court of Parlement has voted to remove Esmeralda's right to sanctuary so she can no longer seek shelter in the cathedral and will be taken away to be killed. Clopin, the leader of the Gypsies, hears the news from Gringoire and rallies the citizens of Paris to charge the cathedral and rescue Esmeralda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04853630065918, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "When Quasimodo sees the Gypsies, he assumes they are there to hurt Esmeralda, so he drives them off. Likewise, he thinks the King's men want to rescue her, and tries to help them find her. She is rescued by Frollo and her phony husband Gringoire. But after yet another failed attempt to win her love, Frollo betrays Esmeralda by handing her to the troops and watches while she is being hanged.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.808419227600098, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "When Frollo laughs during Esmeralda's hanging, Quasimodo pushes him from the heights of Notre Dame to his death. Quasimodo later goes to Montfaucon, a huge graveyard in Paris where the bodies of the condemned are dumped, where he stays with Esmeralda's dead body and dies of starvation. About eighteen months later, the tomb is opened, and the skeletons are found. As someone tries to separate them, they crumble to dust.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4482553005218506, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Claude Frollo, the novel's main antagonist, is the Archdeacon of Notre Dame. His dour attitude and his alchemical experiments have alienated him from the Parisians, who believe him a sorcerer. His parents having died of plague when he was a young man, he is without family save for Quasimodo, for whom he cares, and his spoiled brother Jehan, whom he attempts to reform towards a better life. Frollo's numerous sins include lechery, failed alchemy and other listed vices. His mad attraction to Esmeralda sets off a chain of events, including her attempted abduction, leading to Quasimodo's sentence to be lashed in the square, and Frollo almost murdering Phoebus in a jealous rage, leading to Esmeralda's execution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1112632751464844, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Phoebus de Chateaupers is the Captain of the King's Archers. After he saves Esmeralda from abduction, she becomes infatuated with him, and he is intrigued by her. Already betrothed to the beautiful but spiteful Fleur-de-Lys, he wants to lie with Esmeralda nonetheless but is prevented when Frollo stabs him. Phoebus survives, but Esmeralda is taken to be the attempted assassin by all, including Phoebus himself. He is later married to Fleur-de-Lys and is miserable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.561779975891113, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Fleur-de-Lys de Gondelaurier is a beautiful and wealthy socialite engaged to Phoebus. Phoebus's attentions to Esmeralda make her insecure and jealous, and she and her friends respond by treating Esmeralda with contempt and spite. Fleur-de-Lys later neglects to inform Phoebus that Esmeralda has not been executed, which serves to deprive the pair of any further contact—though as Phoebus no longer loves Esmeralda by this time, this does not matter. The novel ends with their wedding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.827041625976562, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Pierre Gringoire, the novel's protagonist, is a struggling poet. He mistakenly finds his way into the \"Court of Miracles\", the domain of the Truands. In order to preserve the secrecy, Gringoire must either be killed by hanging, or marry a Gypsy. Although Esmeralda does not love him, and in fact believes him a coward rather than a true man — unlike Phoebus, he failed in his attempt to rescue her from Quasimodo — she takes pity on his plight and marries him. But, because she is already in love with Phoebus, much to his disappointment, she will not let him touch her.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9111990928649902, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Sister Gudule, formerly named Paquette la Chantefleurie, is an anchoress, who lives in seclusion in an exposed cell in central Paris. She is tormented by the loss of her daughter Agnes, whom she believes to have been cannibalised by Gypsies as a baby, and devotes her life to mourning her. Her long-lost daughter turns out to be Esmeralda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.49422550201416, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Louis XI is the King of France. Appears briefly when he is brought the news of the rioting at Notre Dame. He orders his guard to kill the rioters, and also the \"witch\" Esmeralda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.585982322692871, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Tristan l'Hermite is a friend of King Louis XI. He leads the band that goes to capture Esmeralda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.687286376953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Henriet Cousin is the city executioner, who hangs Esmeralda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.041383743286133, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Jacques Charmolue is Frollo's friend in charge of torturing prisoners. He gets Esmeralda to falsely confess to killing Phoebus. He then has her imprisoned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.997726440429688, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Clopin Trouillefou is the King of Truands. He rallies the Court of Miracles to rescue Esmeralda from Notre Dame after the idea is suggested by Gringoire. He is eventually killed during the attack by the King's soldiers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.65659236907959, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Pierrat Torterue is the torturer who tortures Esmeralda after her interrogation. He hurts Esmeralda so badly she falsely confesses, sealing her own fate. He was also the official who administered the savage flogging awarded to Quasimodo by Barbedienne.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.093647003173828, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "To date, all of the film and TV adaptations have strayed somewhat from the original plot, some going as far as to give it a happy ending, as in the classic 1939 film starring Charles Laughton as Quasimodo and Maureen O'Hara as Esmeralda (although Quasimodo loses her to Gringoire in this version). The 1956 French film, starring Anthony Quinn and Gina Lollobrigida, is one of the few versions to end almost exactly like the novel, although it changes other sections of the story. Unlike most adaptations, the 1996 Disney version has an ending that is inspired by an opera created by Hugo himself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.929274082183838, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Esmeralda (1905 film)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.606093406677246, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Esmeralda (1922 film)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740304946899414, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* La Esmeralda, opera by Louise Bertin (1836), libretto by Victor Hugo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.807343006134033, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Esmeralda, opera by Alexander Dargomyzhsky (1847) based on the Victor Hugo novel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.163774490356445, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* Esmeralda, opera by Arthur Goring Thomas (1883), also based on the same Victor Hugo novel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.684489727020264, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "answer": "Esmeralda", "passage": "* La Esmeralda (1844) - choreography by Jules Perrot, music by Cesare Pugni. First performed at Her Majesty's Theatre in London. The ballet has a long performance history in Russia via the revivals of the choreographer Marius Petipa in St. Petersburg throughout the late 19th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0481538772583, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Desert Fox", "passage": "Rommel was a highly decorated officer in World War I and was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his actions on the Italian Front. In World War II, he distinguished himself as the commander of the 7th Panzer Division during the 1940 invasion of France. His leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African Campaign established his reputation as one of the most able commanders of the war, and earned him the appellation of \"the Desert Fox\". He later commanded the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion of Normandy in June 1944.", "precise_score": -2.834523916244507, "rough_score": 0.1678893268108368, "source": "wiki", "title": "Erwin Rommel" }, { "answer": "Desert Fox", "passage": "On 6 February 1941, Rommel was appointed commander of the newly created Deutsches Afrika Korps (DAK), consisting of the 5th Light Division (later redesignated 21st Panzer Division) and of the 15th Panzer Division. He was promoted to the rank of Generalleutnant three days later and flew to Tripoli on 12 February. The DAK had been sent to Libya in Operation Sonnenblume, to support Italian troops that had been severely defeated by British Commonwealth forces in Operation Compass. His efforts in the Western Desert Campaign earned Rommel the nickname the \"Desert Fox\" from British journalists. Allied troops in Africa were commanded by General Archibald Wavell, Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command.", "precise_score": -1.0628095865249634, "rough_score": -1.5894709825515747, "source": "wiki", "title": "Erwin Rommel" }, { "answer": "The Desert Fox", "passage": "Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944), popularly known as the Desert Fox, was a senior German Army officer during World War II.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.599615573883057, "source": "wiki", "title": "Erwin Rommel" }, { "answer": "The Desert Fox", "passage": "Curiously, a recent research by Norman Ohler claims that Rommel's behaviours were heavily influenced by Pervitin which he reportedly took in heavy doses, to such an extent that he was known as \"the Crystal Fox\" (\"Kristallfuchs\") before becoming \"the Desert Fox\" (a nickname famously given to him by the British, as reported by other sources ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.744885444641113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Erwin Rommel" }, { "answer": "The Desert Fox", "passage": "The other foundational text was the influential and laudatory biography 1950 Rommel: The Desert Fox by Brigadier Desmond Young. Young extensively interviewed Rommel's widow and collaborated with several individuals who had been close to Rommel, including Hans Speidel. The manner of Rommel's death had led to the assumption that he had not been a supporter of Nazism, to which Young subscribed. The reception of The Desert Fox in Britain was enthusiastic, with the book going through eight editions in a year. Young's biography was another step in the development of the Rommel myth – with Rommel emerging as an active, if not a leading, plotter. Speidel contributed as well, starting, from the early 1950s, to bring up Rommel's and his own role in the plot, boosting his [Speidel's] suitability for a future role in the new military force of the Federal Republic, the Bundeswehr, and then in NATO.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.998331546783447, "source": "wiki", "title": "Erwin Rommel" }, { "answer": "The Desert Fox", "passage": "Rommel had been extraordinarily well known in his lifetime, including by his adversaries. His tactical prowess and consistent decency in the treatment of allied prisoners earned him the respect of many opponents, including Claude Auchinleck, Archibald Wavell, George S. Patton, and Bernard Montgomery. The trend continued following the publication of Rommel: The Desert Fox. One senior military figure comparing Rommel to legendary military leader Belisarius. The praise led Brian Horrocks, Montgomery's former deputy, to publish an article \"The Rommel Myth Debunked\" in April 1950 in which he argued that the 8th Army beat Rommel's Africa Corps \"fair and square\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8783913850784302, "source": "wiki", "title": "Erwin Rommel" }, { "answer": "The Desert Fox", "passage": "Fighting in North Africa started with the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940. On 14 June, the British Army's 11th Hussars (assisted by elements of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment, 1st RTR) crossed the border from Egypt into Libya and captured the Italian Fort Capuzzo. This was followed by an Italian counter-offensive into Egypt and the capture of Sidi Barrani in September 1940 and then in December 1940 by a Commonwealth counteroffensive, Operation Compass. During Operation Compass, the Italian 10th Army was destroyed and the German Afrika Korps—commanded by Erwin Rommel, who later became known as \"The Desert Fox\"—was dispatched to North Africa during Operation Sonnenblume to reinforce Italian forces in order to prevent a complete Axis defeat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.66013503074646, "source": "wiki", "title": "North African Campaign" } ]

[ { "answer": "Winnie-the-Pooh", "passage": "Alan Alexander \"A. A.\" Milne (; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. Milne served in both World Wars, joining the British Army in World War I, and was a captain of the British Home Guard in World War II.", "precise_score": -0.1518983542919159, "rough_score": -0.921149730682373, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Winnie-the-Pooh", "passage": "Milne is most famous for his two Pooh books about a boy named Christopher Robin after his son, Christopher Robin Milne, and various characters inspired by his son's stuffed animals, most notably the bear named Winnie-the-Pooh. Christopher Robin Milne's stuffed bear, originally named \"Edward\", was renamed \"Winnie-the-Pooh\" after a Canadian black bear named Winnie (after Winnipeg), which was used as a military mascot in World War I, and left to London Zoo during the war. \"The pooh\" comes from a swan called \"Pooh\". E. H. Shepard illustrated the original Pooh books, using his own son's teddy, Growler (\"a magnificent bear\"), as the model. The rest of Christopher Robin Milne's toys, Piglet, Eeyore, Kanga, Roo and Tigger, were incorporated into A. A. Milne's stories, and two more characters – Rabbit and Owl – were created by Milne's imagination. Christopher Robin Milne's own toys are now under glass in New York where 750,000 people visit them every year. ", "precise_score": -3.6172492504119873, "rough_score": -1.822403907775879, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Winnie-the-Pooh", "passage": "During this period he published 18 plays and 3 novels, including the murder mystery The Red House Mystery (1922). His son was born in August 1920 and in 1924 Milne produced a collection of children's poems When We Were Very Young, which were illustrated by Punch staff cartoonist E. H. Shepard. A collection of short stories for children Gallery of Children, and other stories that became part of the Winnie-the-Pooh books, were first published in 1925.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.476096153259277, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Pooh", "passage": "The fictional Hundred Acre Wood of the Pooh stories derives from Five Hundred Acre Wood in Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, South East England, where the Pooh stories were set. Milne lived on the northern edge of the forest at Cotchford Farm, , and took his son walking there. E. H. Shepard drew on the landscapes of Ashdown Forest as inspiration for many of the illustrations he provided for the Pooh books. The adult Christopher Robin commented: \"Pooh's Forest and Ashdown Forest are identical\". Popular tourist locations at Ashdown Forest include: Galleon's Lap, The Enchanted Place, the Heffalump Trap and Lone Pine, Eeyore’s Sad and Gloomy Place, and the wooden Pooh Bridge where Pooh and Piglet invented Poohsticks. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.356286525726318, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Winnie-the-Pooh", "passage": "Not yet known as Pooh, he made his first appearance in a poem, \"Teddy Bear\", published in Punch magazine in February 1924. Pooh first appeared in the London Evening News on Christmas Eve, 1925, in a story called \"The Wrong Sort Of Bees\".[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4552940.stm \"Pooh celebrates his 80th birthday\"]. BBC. Retrieved 11 November 2012 Winnie-the-Pooh was published in 1926, followed by The House at Pooh Corner in 1928. A second collection of nursery rhymes, Now We Are Six, was published in 1927. All three books were illustrated by E. H. Shepard. Milne also published four plays in this period. He also \"gallantly stepped forward\" to contribute a quarter of the costs of dramatising P. G. Wodehouse's A Damsel in Distress. The World of Pooh won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.614068508148193, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Winnie the Pooh", "passage": "The rights to A. A. Milne's Pooh books were left to four beneficiaries: his family, the Royal Literary Fund, Westminster School and the Garrick Club. After Milne's death in 1956, one week and six days after his 74th birthday, his widow sold her rights to the Pooh characters to Stephen Slesinger, whose widow sold the rights after Slesinger's death to the Walt Disney Company, which has made many Pooh cartoon movies, a Disney Channel television show, as well as Pooh-related merchandise. In 2001, the other beneficiaries sold their interest in the estate to the Disney Corporation for $350m. Previously Disney had been paying twice-yearly royalties to these beneficiaries. The estate of E. H. Shepard also received a sum in the deal. The copyright on Winnie the Pooh expires in 2026. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.101577281951904, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Winnie-the-Pooh", "passage": "In 2008, a collection of original illustrations featuring Winnie-the-Pooh and his animal friends sold for more than £1.2 million at auction in Sotheby's, London. Forbes magazine ranked Winnie the Pooh the most valuable fictional character in 2002; Winnie the Pooh merchandising products alone had annual sales of more than $5.9 billion. In 2005, Winnie the Pooh generated $6 billion, a figure surpassed by only Mickey Mouse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.332505226135254, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Winnie the Pooh", "passage": "A memorial plaque in Ashdown Forest, unveiled by Christopher Robin in 1979, commemorates the work of A. A. Milne and Shepard in creating the world of Pooh. Milne once wrote of Ashdown Forest: \"In that enchanted place on the top of the forest a little boy and his bear will always be playing\". In 2003, Winnie the Pooh was listed at number 7 on the BBC's survey The Big Read. In 2006, Winnie the Pooh received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, marking the 80th birthday of Milne's creation. That same year a UK poll saw Winnie the Pooh voted onto the list of icons of England. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.88381290435791, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Winnie-the-Pooh", "passage": "* Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) (illustrated by Ernest H. Shepard)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.39178466796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" }, { "answer": "Pooh", "passage": "* The House at Pooh Corner (1928) (illustrated by E. H. Shepard)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.220627784729004, "source": "wiki", "title": "A. A. Milne" } ]

[ { "answer": "Spade", "passage": "Glass bits have a spade-shaped carbide point. They generate high temperatures and have a very short life. Holes are generally drilled at low speed with a succession of increasing bit sizes. Diamond drill bits can also be used to cut holes in glass, and last much longer.", "precise_score": -2.4167585372924805, "rough_score": -4.07096529006958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Drill bit" }, { "answer": "Spade", "passage": "Image:Spade bits.JPG|Spade bits", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.127118110656738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Drill bit" }, { "answer": "Spade", "passage": "Image:drill spade tiny.jpg|Tiny spade bit", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.890061378479004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Drill bit" } ]

[ { "answer": "Da Vinci", "passage": "The Vitruvian Man, (which is translated to, \"The proportions of the human body according to Vitruvius\") or simply L'Uomo Vitruviano, is a drawing by Leonardo da Vinci around 1490. It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the architect Vitruvius. The drawing, which is in pen and ink on paper, depicts a man in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and inscribed in a circle and square. The drawing and text are sometimes called the Canon of Proportions or, less often, Proportions of Man. It is kept in the Gabinetto dei disegni e stampe of the Gallerie dell'Accademia, in Venice, Italy, under reference 228. Like most works on paper, it is displayed to the public only occasionally. ", "precise_score": 7.9067583084106445, "rough_score": 7.6695404052734375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vitruvian Man" }, { "answer": "Da Vinci", "passage": "Vitruvius is famous for asserting in his book De architectura that a structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, utilitas, venustas – that is, it must be solid, useful, beautiful. These are sometimes termed the Vitruvian virtues or the Vitruvian Triad. According to Vitruvius, architecture is an imitation of nature. As birds and bees built their nests, so humans constructed housing from natural materials, that gave them shelter against the elements. When perfecting this art of building, the Greeks invented the architectural orders: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. It gave them a sense of proportion, culminating in understanding the proportions of the greatest work of art: the human body. This led Vitruvius in defining his Vitruvian Man, as drawn later by Leonardo da Vinci: the human body inscribed in the circle and the square (the fundamental geometric patterns of the cosmic order).", "precise_score": 0.34552472829818726, "rough_score": 0.0730610191822052, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vitruvius" }, { "answer": "Da Vinci", "passage": "F8IhAQAAMAAJ Del Cenacolo di Leonardo da Vinci libri quattro] (in Italian) Milano: Stamperia Reale p.208ff who described, discussed and illustrated it in his monograph on Leonardo's The Last Supper, Del Cenacolo di Leonardo da Vinci libri quattro (1810). The following year he excerpted the section of his monograph concerned with the Vitruvian Man and published it as Delle opinioni di Leonardo da Vinci intorno alla simmetria de'Corpi Umani (1811), with a dedication to his friend Antonio Canova. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.363361835479736, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vitruvian Man" }, { "answer": "Da Vinci", "passage": "* Cesare Cesariano (1521) who edited the important 1521 edition of De Architectura of Vitruvius (Leonardo da Vinci is supposed to have provided the illustrations for this edition).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.075236320495605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vitruvian Man" }, { "answer": "Da Vinci", "passage": "Vitruvius is the author of De architectura, known today as The Ten Books on Architecture, a treatise written in Latin on architecture, dedicated to the emperor Augustus. In the preface of Book I, Vitruvius dedicates his writings so as to give personal knowledge of the quality of buildings to the emperor. Likely Vitruvius is referring to Marcus Agrippa's campaign of public repairs and improvements. This work is the only surviving major book on architecture from classical antiquity. According to Petri Liukkonen, this text \"influenced deeply from the Early Renaissance onwards artists, thinkers, and architects, among them Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472), Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), and Michelangelo (1475–1564).\" The next major book on architecture, Alberti's reformulation of Ten Books, was not written until 1452.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.456616401672363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vitruvius" }, { "answer": "Da Vinci", "passage": "It was upon these writings that Leonardo da Vinci based his Vitruvian Man.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.767859935760498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vitruvius" }, { "answer": "Da Vinci", "passage": "His book De architectura was rediscovered in 1414 by the Florentine humanist Poggio Bracciolini. To Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) falls the honour of making this work widely known in his seminal treatise on architecture De re aedificatoria (c. 1450). The first known edition of Vitruvius was in Rome by Fra Giovanni Sulpitius in 1486. Translations followed in Italian (Como, 1521), French (Jean Martin, 1547, English, German (Walter H. Ryff, 1543) and Spanish and several other languages. The original illustrations had been lost and the first illustrated edition was published in Venice in 1511 with woodcut illustrations, based on descriptions in the text, probably by Fra Giovanni Giocondo.[http://architectura.cesr.univ-tours.fr/Traite/Notice/CESR_2994.asp?param= Architectura – Les livres d'Architecture]; Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc., [http://www.palladiancenter.org/predecessors.html Palladio's Literary Predecessors] Later in the 16th-century Andrea Palladio provided illustrations for Daniele Barbaro's commentary on Vitruvius (which appeared in Italian and Latin versions). However, the most famous illustration remains a 15th-century one, Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.972872018814087, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vitruvius" } ]

[ { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "On October 12, 1997, John Denver died when he crashed into the Pacific Ocean off Pacific Grove in his personal plane. ", "precise_score": 2.914024829864502, "rough_score": 5.816986560821533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pacific Grove, California" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr. (December 31, 1943 – October 12, 1997), known professionally as John Denver, was an American singer-songwriter, actor, activist and humanitarian, whose greatest commercial success was as a solo singer, starting in the 1970s. He was one of the most popular acoustic artists of the decade and one of its best-selling artists. By 1974, he was firmly established as America's best-selling performer, and AllMusic has described Denver as \"among the most beloved entertainers of his era\". After traveling and living in numerous locations while growing up in his military family, Denver began his music career in folk music groups in the late 1960s. Throughout his life, Denver recorded and released approximately 300 songs, about 200 of which he composed, with total sales of over 33 million. ", "precise_score": 3.8208069801330566, "rough_score": 4.221201419830322, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr.", "passage": "Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr., was born in Roswell, New Mexico, to Lt. Col. Henry John Deutschendorf, Sr., an Air Force officer (who set three speed records in the B-58 Hustler bomber and earned a place in the Air Force Hall of Fame) and Erma Louise Swope. Henry Sr. was of German ancestry, and met and married his \"Oklahoma Sweetheart\". Denver's Irish Catholic and German maternal grandmother was the one who imbued Denver with his love of music. In his autobiography, Take Me Home, Denver described his life as the eldest son of a family shaped by a stern father who could not show his love for his children. He is also the nephew of singer Dave Deutschendorf of The New Christy Minstrels.", "precise_score": 0.46072709560394287, "rough_score": 3.032832622528076, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "On September 24, 2007, the California Friends of John Denver and The Windstar Foundation unveiled a bronze plaque near the spot where his plane went down near Pacific Grove. The site had been marked by a driftwood log carved (by Jeffrey Pine of Colorado) with the singer's name, but fears that the memorial could be washed out to sea sparked the campaign for a more permanent memorial. Initially the Pacific Grove Council denied permission for the memorial, fearing the place would attract ghoulish curiosity from extreme fans. Permission was finally granted in 1999, but the project was put on hold at the request of the singer's family. Eventually, over 100 friends and family attended the dedication of the plaque, which features a bas-relief of the singer's face and lines from his song \"Windsong\": \"So welcome the wind and the wisdom she offers. Follow her summons when she calls again.\" ", "precise_score": -5.815975189208984, "rough_score": -4.814193248748779, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "At the age of 11, Denver received an acoustic guitar from his grandmother. He learned to play well enough to perform at local clubs by the time he was in college. He adopted the surname \"Denver\" after the capital of his favorite state, Colorado. He decided to change his name when Randy Sparks, founder of The New Christy Minstrels, suggested that \"Deutschendorf\" wouldn't fit comfortably on a marquee. Denver studied Architecture at Texas Tech University in Lubbock and sang in a folk-music group called \"The Alpine Trio\" while pursuing architectural studies. He was also a member of Delta Tau Delta Fraternity. Denver dropped out of the Texas Tech School of Engineering in 1963, and moved to Los Angeles, where he sang in folk clubs. In 1965, Denver joined the The Mitchell Trio, replacing founder Chad Mitchell, which later became \"Denver, Boise, and Johnson\" (John Denver, David Boise, and Michael Johnson).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5683722496032715, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "His next album, Poems, Prayers, and Promises (released in 1971), was a breakthrough for him in the U.S., thanks in part to the single \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\", which went to number 2 on the Billboard charts despite the first pressings of the track being distorted. Its success was due in part to the efforts of his new manager, future Hollywood producer Jerry Weintraub, who signed Denver in 1970. Weintraub insisted on a re-issue of the track and began a radio-airplay campaign that started in Denver, Colorado. Denver's career flourished from then on, and he had a series of hits over the next four years. In 1972, Denver scored his first Top Ten album with Rocky Mountain High, with its title track reaching the Top Ten in 1973. Between 1974 and 1975, Denver experienced an impressive chart dominance, with a string of four No.1 songs (\"Sunshine on My Shoulders\", \"Annie's Song\", \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy\", and \"I'm Sorry\") and three No.1 albums (John Denver's Greatest Hits, Back Home Again, and Windsong). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.346144676208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "His live concert special, An Evening with John Denver, won the 1974–1975 Emmy for Outstanding Special, Comedy-Variety or Music. When Denver ended his business relationship because of Weintraub's focus on other projects, Weintraub threw Denver out of his office and called him a Nazi. Denver would later tell Arthur Tobier, when the latter transcribed his autobiography, \"...I'd bend my principles to support something he wanted of me. And of course every time you bend your principles – whether because you don't want to worry about it, or because you're afraid to stand up for fear of what you might lose – you sell your soul to the devil.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.44697380065918, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "Denver's first marriage was to Anne Martell of St. Peter, Minnesota. She was the subject of his hit Annie's Song, which he composed in only ten minutes as he sat on a ski lift after the couple had an argument. They lived in Edina, Minnesota, from 1968 to 1971. Following the success of \"Rocky Mountain High\", inspired by a camping trip with Anne and some friends, Denver purchased a residence in Aspen, Colorado. He lived in Aspen continuously until his death. The Denvers adopted a boy, Zachary John, and girl, Anna Kate, whom Denver would say were \"meant to be\" theirs. Denver once said, \"I'll tell you the best thing about me. I'm some guy's dad; I'm some little gal's dad. When I die, Zachary John and Anna Kate's father, boy, that's enough for me to be remembered by. That's more than enough.\" Zachary, who is African-American, was the subject of \"A Baby Just Like You\", a song that included the line \"Merry Christmas, little Zachary\" and which he wrote for Frank Sinatra. Denver and Martell divorced in 1982. In a 1983 interview shown in the documentary John Denver: Country Boy (2013), Denver said that career demands drove them apart; Anne said that they were too-young and immature to deal with John's sudden mega-success. The ensuing property settlement caused Denver to become so enraged, he nearly choked Martell, then used a chainsaw to cut their marital bed in half. Martell continues to live in Aspen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.10505485534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "In 2000, CBS presented the television movie Take Me Home: The John Denver Story loosely based on his memoirs, starring Chad Lowe. The New York Post observed, \"An overachiever like John Denver couldn't have been this boring.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.456835746765137, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "Denver's music remains popular around the world. Previously unreleased and unnoticed recordings are now sought-after collectibles in pop, folk and country genres. Also in demand are copies of Denver's many television appearances, especially his one-hour specials from the 1970s and his six-part series for Britain's BBC, The John Denver Show. Despite strong interest in these programs, no sign of \"official\" release is evident for the vast majority of this material. An anthology musical featuring Denver's music, Back Home Again: A John Denver Holiday, premiered at the Rubicon Theatre Company in November 2006. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.402494430541992, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "On March 12, 2007, the Colorado Senate passed a resolution to make Denver's trademark 1972 hit \"Rocky Mountain High\" one of the state's two official state songs, sharing duties with its predecessor, \"Where the Columbines Grow\". The resolution passed 50–11 in the House, defeating an objection by Rep. Debbie Stafford (R-Aurora) that the song reflected drug use, most specifically the line, \"friends around the campfire and everybody's high\". Sen. Bob Hagedorn, the Aurora Democrat who sponsored the proposal, defended the song as nothing to do with drugs, but everything to do with sharing with friends the euphoria of experiencing the beauty of Colorado's mountain vistas. Nancy Todd (D-Aurora) said that \"John Denver to me is an icon of what Colorado is.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.29438304901123, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "To mark the 10th anniversary of Denver's death, his family released a set of previously unreleased recordings of Denver's 1985 concert performances in the Soviet Union. This two-CD set, John Denver – Live in the USSR, was produced by Denver's friend Roger Nichols, and released by AAO Music. These digital recordings were made during 11 concerts, and then rediscovered in 2002. Included in this set is a previously unpublished rendition of \"Annie's Song\" in Russian. The collection was released November 6, 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.770498275756836, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "The John Denver \"Spirit\" statue is a 2002 bronze sculpture statue by artist Sue DiCicco that was financed by Denver's fans. It is located at the Colorado Music Hall of Fame at Red Rocks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.687607765197754, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "*1975 Emmy for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special for An Evening With John Denver", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.205001831054688, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "* John Denver Sings (1966)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.966612815856934, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "* John Denver (1979)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.648642539978027, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" }, { "answer": "John Denver", "passage": "*Poems, Prayers and Promises: The Art and Soul of John Denver (2004) ISBN 1-57560-617-8", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.672080039978027, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Denver" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "John Joseph Patrick Ryan (December 30, 1920 – January 21, 1998), best known by his stage name, Jack Lord, was an American television, film and Broadway actor and director and producer. He was known for his starring role as Steve McGarrett in the American television program Hawaii Five-O from 1968 to 1980. Lord appeared in feature films earlier in his career, among them Man of the West (1958). He was the first actor to play the recurring character Felix Leiter in Dr. No, the first James Bond film.", "precise_score": 2.072666645050049, "rough_score": -2.4760427474975586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jack Lord" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Jack Lord helped conceive Hawaii Five-O and starred for its 12 seasons as Detective Steven McGarrett, appointed by the Governor to head the (fictional) State Police criminal investigation department in Honolulu, Hawaii. The opening sequence includes a shot of Lord standing on a penthouse balcony of The Ilikai hotel. Chin Ho Kelly, the name of the police detective played by Kam Fong, was a tip-of-the-hat to Ilikai developer Chinn Ho. Lord's catchphrase, \"Book him, Danno!\", became a part of pop culture. He was instrumental in the casting of native Hawaiians, instead of mainland actors. Lord insisted his character drive Ford vehicles; McGarrett drove a 1967 Mercury Park Lane in the pilot, a 1968 Park Lane from 1968–1974, and a 1974 Mercury Marquis for the remainder of the series (this very car was shown in the 2010 remake). Lord was a perfectionist. At the airing of its last episode, Hawaii Five-O was the longest-running cop show in television history.", "precise_score": 3.4101898670196533, "rough_score": -1.0196242332458496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jack Lord" }, { "answer": "Steve McGarrett", "passage": "Jack Lord portrayed Detective Captain Steve McGarrett, the head of a special state police task force which was based on an actual unit that existed under martial law in the 1940s. The theme music composed by Morton Stevens became especially popular. Many episodes would end with McGarrett instructing his subordinate to \"Book 'em, Danno!\", sometimes specifying a charge such as \"murder one\".", "precise_score": 3.893440008163452, "rough_score": -0.5116840600967407, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "For 12 seasons, McGarrett and his team hounded international secret agents, criminals, and organized crime syndicates plaguing the Hawaiian Islands. With the aid of District Attorney and later Hawaii's Attorney General John Manicote, McGarrett is successful in sending most of his enemies to prison. One such crime syndicate was led by crime family patriarch Honore Vashon, a character introduced in the fifth season. Most episodes of Hawaii Five-O ended with the arrest of criminals and McGarrett snapping, \"Book 'em.\" The offense occasionally was added after this phrase, for example, \"Book 'em, murder one.\" In many episodes, this was directed to Danny Williams and became McGarrett's catchphrase: \"Book 'em, Danno.\" ", "precise_score": -0.1347576230764389, "rough_score": -6.5812668800354, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Steve McGarrett", "passage": "The one-hour pilot for a revived show, called Hawaii Five-0 (the last character is a zero instead of the letter \"O\", which is the true title of the original series as well), aired September 20, 2010, on CBS, and as of October 2013, the series now airs Friday nights at 9 PM Eastern, 8 PM Central time. The remake version Hawaii Five-0 uses the same principal character names as the original, and the new Steve McGarrett's late father's vintage 1974 Mercury Marquis is the actual specimen driven by Lord in the original series's final seasons. The new series opening credit sequence is an homage to the original; the theme song is cut in half, from 60 to 30 seconds, but is an otherwise identical instrumentation. Most of the iconic shots are replicated, beginning with the helicopter approach and close-up turn of McGarrett at the Ilikai Hotel penthouse, the jet engine intake, a hula dancer's hips, the quickly stepped zoom-in to the face of the Lady Columbia statue at Punchbowl, the close-up of the Kamehameha Statue's face, and the ending with a police motorcycle's flashing blue light. On the March 19, 2012 episode, Ed Asner reprised his role as \"August March\", a character he first played in a 1975 episode. Clips from the 1975 episode were included in the new one, even though the 2010 series is clearly intended to be in a different narrative universe than the Jack Lord series.", "precise_score": 2.3293404579162598, "rough_score": -5.743881702423096, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Hawaii Five-O ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313801765441895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jack Lord" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "A bronze bust of Lord by Hawaii sculptor Lynn Weiler Liverton was unveiled in a ceremony at the Kahala Mall on June 19, 2004. The Lords lived in a condominium in the Kahala area, and they were known to frequent the neighborhood mall. The nonprofit Jack Lord Memorial Fund, which raised the money for the memorial, was co-chaired by British Hawaii Five-O fan Esperanza Isaac and Lord's co-star Doug Mossman. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.555335998535156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jack Lord" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and Leonard Freeman. Set in Hawaii, the show originally aired for 12 seasons from 1968 to 1980, and continues in reruns. At the airing of its very last episode, it was the longest running cop show in television history at that time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.48465347290039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "The CBS television network produced Hawaii Five-O, which aired from September 20, 1968, to April 5, 1980. The program continues to be broadcast in syndication worldwide. In the US, it airs on Me-TV, and via on-demand streaming media from CBS Interactive. Created by Leonard Freeman, Hawaii Five-O was shot on location in Honolulu, Hawaii, and throughout the island of Oahu and other Hawaiian islands with occasional filming in locales such as Los Angeles, Singapore, and Hong Kong.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.463164329528809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Hawaii Five-O was named in honor of Hawaii's being the 50th state. Although the show's name has always ended with the numeral \"0\", the soundtrack album, released in the late 1960s, used the letter \"O\" instead of the numeral zero. The letter \"O\" is sometimes used to differentiate the original series and the revival which premiered in 2010, and always uses the numeral zero. The show centers on a fictional state police force led by former US naval officer Steve McGarrett (played by Jack Lord), a detective captain, who is appointed by the Governor, Paul Jameson. In the show, McGarrett oversees state police officers – a young officer, Danny Williams, Chin Ho Kelly, and Kono Kalakaua for seasons one through four. Honolulu Police Department Officer Duke Lukela joined the team as a regular, as did Ben Kokua, who replaced Kono beginning with season five. Occasionally, McGarrett's Five-O team is assisted by other officers as needed: medical examiner Doc Bergman, forensic specialist Che Fong, and a secretary. The first secretary was May, then Jenny, and later Malia, Lani and Luana. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1103949546813965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Steve McGarrett", "passage": "In the episode \"Number One with a Bullet, Part 2\", McGarrett tells a criminal, \"It was a bastard like you who killed my father.\" His 42-year-old father had been run down and killed by someone who had just held up a supermarket. Because Steve McGarrett is also a commander in the Naval Reserve, he sometimes uses their resources to help investigate and solve crimes. Hence the closing credits of some episodes mentioned the Naval Reserve. A 1975 episode involving Danno's aunt, played by MacArthur's adoptive mother Helen Hayes, provided a bit of Williams' back story.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.28091049194336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Sources differ on how the show came to be. Producer Leonard Freeman moved to Hawaii to recuperate after suffering a heart attack. One source states the idea for the show may have come from a conversation Freeman had with Hawaii's then-Governor John A. Burns. Another source instead claims that Freeman wanted to set a show in San Pedro, California until his friend Richard Boone convinced him to shoot it entirely in Hawaii. A third source claims Freeman discussed the show with Governor Burns only after pitching the idea to CBS. Before settling on the name \"Hawaii Five-O\", Freeman considered titling the show \"The Man\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.873763084411621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Steve McGarrett", "passage": "Kam Fong Chun, an 18-year veteran of the Honolulu Police Department, auditioned for the part of the lead villain Wo Fat, but Freeman cast him in the part of Chin Ho Kelly instead. Freeman took the name Wo Fat from a restaurant in downtown Honolulu. The name Chin Ho came from Chinn Ho, the owner of the Ilikai Hotel where the penthouse shot of Steve McGarrett in the opening title sequence was taken. Richard Denning, who played the governor, had retired to Hawaii and came out of retirement for the show. Zulu was a Waikiki beach boy and local DJ when he was cast for the part of Kono, which he played for the next four years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.576380729675293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Chin Ho Kelly", "passage": "* Sgt.(S1-S2)& Lt. (S3-10) Chin Ho Kelly (Kam Fong; seasons 1–10), Detective ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75564193725586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "A problem from the beginning was the lack of a movie industry in Hawaii. Much of the crew and cast, including many locals who ended up participating in the show, had to learn their respective jobs as they went along. Jack Lord was known as a perfectionist who insisted on the best from everyone. His temper flared when he felt that others did not give their best, but in later reunions they admitted that Lord's hard-driving force had made them better actors and made Hawaii Five-O a better show. Lord's high standards helped the show last another six years after Leonard Freeman's death from heart trouble during the sixth season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.879994869232178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Known for the location, theme song, and ensemble cast, Hawaii Five-O is noted for its liberal use of exterior location shooting throughout the entire 12 seasons. A typical episode, on average, would have at least two-thirds of all footage shot on location, as opposed to a \"typical\" show of the time which would be shot largely on sound stages and backlots. It is also remembered for its unusual setting, notable during a time when most crime dramas of the era were set in or around the Los Angeles or New York City areas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.69150161743164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "The Hawaii-based television show Magnum, P.I. was created after Hawaii Five-O ended its run, in order to make further use of the expensive production facilities created there for Five-O. The first few Magnum P.I. episodes made direct references to Five-O, suggesting that it takes place in the same fictional setting. Magnums producers made a few attempts to coax Jack Lord out of retirement for a cameo appearance, but he refused.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.580872535705566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Chin Ho Kelly", "passage": "A one-hour pilot for a new series was made in 1996 but never aired. Produced and written by Stephen J. Cannell, it starred Gary Busey and Russell Wong as the new Five-O team. James MacArthur returned as Dan Williams, having become governor of Hawaii. Several cameos were made by other Five-O regulars, including Kam Fong as Chin Ho Kelly (even though the character had been killed off at the end of Season 10).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.636035919189453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Another legacy of the show is the popularity of the Hawaii Five-O theme music. The tune was composed by Morton Stevens, who also composed numerous episode scores. The theme was recorded by the Ventures, whose version reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart, and is particularly popular with college and high school marching bands, especially at the University of Hawaii where it has become the unofficial fight song. The tune has also been heard at Robertson Stadium after Houston Dynamo goals scored by Brian Ching, a native of Hawaii. Because of the tempo of the music, the theme gained popularity in the UK with followers of Northern soul and was popular on dance floors in the 1970s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.539392471313477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Although the theme is most widely known as an instrumental, it has been released with at least two similar but different sets of lyrics. The first, \"You Can Come With Me\" by Don Ho, opens with an instrumental in the familiar tempo, then settles into a ballad style for the sung portion. The second, by Sammy Davis, Jr., titled \"You Can Count on Me (Theme from Hawaii Five-O)\", maintains the driving style of the original instrumental throughout. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.406416893005371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Hawaii Five-O survived long enough to overlap with reruns of early episodes, which were broadcast by CBS in their late night schedule while new episodes were still being produced. Once the program entered syndication after the original run of the series, CBS broadcast reruns of season 12 in late night under the title McGarrett to avoid confusion with the episodes in syndication broadcast under the title Hawaii Five-O.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.92169189453125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "On December 3, 2013, Paramount released Hawaii Five-O – The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535473823547363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" }, { "answer": "Hawaii Five-O", "passage": "Hawaii Five-O was the subject of six novelizations. Each one had a plot line written for the book and was not based on a television episode. The first two books were published by Signet Paperbacks in 1968 and 1969. After that were two juvenile hard covers published by Whitman publishing in 1969 and 1971 and finally two more books were published in England.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.203532218933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii Five-O" } ]

[ { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Carlin hosted the premiere broadcast of NBC's Saturday Night Live, on October 11, 1975, the only episode to date in which the host did not appear (at his request) in sketches. Carlin however loved the show and encouraged Michael McKenzie to write a book on it, which he did in 1978 [https://books.google.com/books/about/Backstage_at_Saturday_Night_Live.html?id=7avxxrY1OHkC [Backstage At Saturday Night Live!/Scholastic Books].] The following season, 1976–77, he appeared regularly on CBS Television's Tony Orlando & Dawn variety series.", "precise_score": 3.7808945178985596, "rough_score": 2.8813605308532715, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Carlin" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "After working in small standup comedy clubs in the early 1970s, Kaufman first came to the attention of a wider audience in 1975, when he was invited to perform portions of his act on the first season of Saturday Night Live. His Foreign Man character was the basis of his role as Latka Gravas on the hit television show Taxi, on which he appeared from 1978 until 1983. During this time, he continued to tour comedy clubs and theaters in a series of unique performance art / comedy shows, sometimes appearing as himself and sometimes as obnoxiously rude lounge singer Tony Clifton. He was also a frequent guest on sketch comedy and late-night talk shows, particularly Late Night with David Letterman. In 1982, Kaufman brought his professional wrestling villain act to Letterman's show with a staged encounter with Jerry \"The King\" Lawler of the Continental Wrestling Association (although the fact that the altercation was planned in advance was not publicly disclosed for over a decade).", "precise_score": -2.258188486099243, "rough_score": 0.8085538148880005, "source": "wiki", "title": "Andy Kaufman" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "His SNL appearances started with the first show, on October 11, 1975. He made 16 SNL appearances in all, doing routines from his comedy act, such as the Mighty Mouse singalong, Foreign Man, and the Elvis impersonation. After he angered the audience with his female-wrestling routine, Kaufman in January 1983 made a pre-taped appearance (his 16th) asking the audience if he should ever appear on the show again, saying he would honor their decision. SNL ran a phone vote, and 195,544 people voted to \"Dump Andy\" while 169,186 people voted to \"Keep Andy\". Kaufman never again appeared on the show live, but Saturday Night Live did air a tape of him thanking those who had voted for him to appear again.", "precise_score": 1.1080483198165894, "rough_score": -0.21752291917800903, "source": "wiki", "title": "Andy Kaufman" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential stand-up comedians: One newspaper called Carlin \"the dean of counterculture comedians.\" In 2004, Carlin was placed second on the Comedy Central list of \"Top 10 Comedians of US Audiences\" compiled for an April 2004 special. The first of his 14 stand-up comedy specials for HBO was filmed in 1977. From the late 1980s, Carlin's routines focused on sociocultural criticism of American society. He often commented on contemporary political issues in the United States and satirized the excesses of American culture. He was a frequent performer and guest host on The Tonight Show during the three-decade Johnny Carson era, and hosted the first episode of Saturday Night Live. His final HBO special, It's Bad for Ya, was filmed less than four months before his death. In 2008, he was posthumously awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.423912286758423, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Carlin" }, { "answer": "Snl", "passage": "He hosted SNL for the second time on November 10, 1984, this time appearing in several sketches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.027535438537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Carlin" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Carlin had a history of cardiac problems spanning three decades. These included three heart attacks (in 1978, 1982, and 1991), an arrhythmia requiring an ablation procedure in 2003, and a significant episode of heart failure in late 2005. He twice underwent angioplasty to reopen narrowed arteries. In early 2005, he entered a drug rehabilitation facility for treatment of addictions to alcohol and Vicodin. He died on June 22, 2008, at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California, of heart failure. He was 71 years old. His death occurred one week after his last performance at The Orleans Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. In accordance with his wishes, he was cremated, and his ashes were scattered in front of various nightclubs he played in New York City and over Spofford Lake, in New Hampshire, where he attended summer camp as an adolescent. In tribute, HBO broadcast 11 of his 14 HBO specials from June 25 to 28, including a 12-hour marathon block on their HBO Comedy channel. NBC scheduled a rerun of the premiere episode of Saturday Night Live, which Carlin hosted. Both Sirius Satellite Radio's \"Raw Dog Comedy\" and XM Satellite Radio's \"XM Comedy\" channels ran a memorial marathon of George Carlin recordings the day following his death. Larry King devoted his entire June 23 show to a tribute to Carlin, featuring interviews with Jerry Seinfeld, Bill Maher, Roseanne Barr and Lewis Black, as well as Carlin's daughter Kelly and his brother, Patrick Jr. On June 24, The New York Times printed an op-ed piece on Carlin by Jerry Seinfeld. Cartoonist Garry Trudeau paid tribute in his Doonesbury comic strip on July 27. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.418067932128906, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Carlin" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "* Saturday Night Live (Host, episodes 1 and 183) (1975 & 1984)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.878718852996826, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Carlin" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Portions of Kaufman's Foreign Man act were broadcast in the first season of Saturday Night Live. The Mighty Mouse number was featured in the October 11, 1975, premiere, while the joke-telling and celebrity impressions (including Elvis) were included in the November 8 broadcast that same year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.184892654418945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Andy Kaufman" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "In 1981 Kaufman made three appearances on Fridays, a variety show on ABC that was similar to Saturday Night Live. In his first appearance, during a sketch about four people out on a dinner date who excuse themselves to the restroom to smoke marijuana, Kaufman broke character and refused to say his lines. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.00747013092041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Andy Kaufman" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "Although Kaufman made a name for himself as a guest on NBC's Saturday Night Live, his first prime time appearances were several guest spots as the \"Foreign Man\" on the Dick Van Dyke variety show in 1976. He also appeared four times on The Tonight Show from 1976 to 1978, and three times on The Midnight Special in 1972, 1977, and 1981. In the 1977 edition, Kaufman performed a song titled \"I Trusted You\" (which features only those three words, repeated over and over, as lyrics), while in 1981 he is shown sitting in the audience during a performance by Tony Clifton (although it was obvious Kaufman was not in the audience during the sketch).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8304539918899536, "source": "wiki", "title": "Andy Kaufman" }, { "answer": "Snl", "passage": "During the SNL episode with the phone poll, many of the cast-members stated their admiration for Kaufman's work. After Eddie Murphy read both numbers, he said, \"Now Andy Kaufman is a friend of mine. Keep that in mind when you call. I don't want to have to punch nobody in America in the face\", and Mary Gross read the Dump Andy number at a rate so fast that audiences were unable to catch it. The final tally was read by Gary Kroeger to a cheering audience. As the credits rolled, announcer Don Pardo said, \"This is Don Pardo saying, 'I voted for Andy Kaufman.'\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.121222496032715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Andy Kaufman" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "\"Society's Child\" stigmatized Ian as a one-hit wonder until her most successful single in the United States, \"At Seventeen\", a bittersweet commentary on adolescent cruelty, the illusion of popularity, and teenage angst, as reflected upon from the perspective of a 24-year-old, was released in 1975. \"At Seventeen\" was a major hit, receiving tremendous acclaim from critics and record buyers alike—it charted at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and hit #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. It won the 1975 Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance - Female, beating out Linda Ronstadt, Olivia Newton-John, and Helen Reddy. Ian appeared as a musical guest on the series premier of Saturday Night Live on October 11, 1975, performing \"At Seventeen\" and \"In the Winter\". The album, Between the Lines, was also a smash and reached #1 on Billboard's Album chart. It was quickly certified Gold and later earned a Platinum certification for sales of over one million copies sold in the US. Another measure of her success is anecdotal: on Valentine's Day 1977, Ian received 461 Valentine cards, having indicated in the lyrics to \"At Seventeen\" that she never received any as a teenager.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9349188804626465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Janis Ian" }, { "answer": "Saturday Night Live", "passage": "From 1970, Preston played keyboards (including piano, organ, clavinet and various synthesizers) for the Rolling Stones, sometimes alongside pianists Nicky Hopkins and Ian Stewart, on their albums Sticky Fingers, Exile on Main St, Goats Head Soup, It's Only Rock 'n Roll and Black and Blue. As the band's primary touring keyboardist from 1973 to 1977, he also performed as a support act with his own band (including Mick Taylor on guitar) on their 1973 European Tour. A Munich performance was documented in the live album Live European Tour 1973. In 1974, along with Beach Boy Dennis Wilson, he composed one of Joe Cocker's biggest hits, \"You Are So Beautiful\". On October 11, 1975, he was the first musical guest on Saturday Night Lives series premiere episode (along with Janis Ian). Preston's 1973 song \"Do You Love Me\" was the basis for the Rolling Stones' track \"Melody\", released on Black and Blue in 1976. Although two of his songs (\"Nothing from Nothing\" and \"Outa-Space\") were included in the band's 1976 live sets, the Stones and Preston parted company in 1977, mainly due to a disagreement over money. He continued to play on solo records by Stones members and made appearances on the band's 1981 Tattoo You and 1997 Bridges to Babylon albums.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5917141437530518, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Preston" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "The deepest open-pit mine in the world is Bingham Canyon Mine in Bingham Canyon, Utah, United States at over 1200 m. The largest and second deepest open-pit copper mine in the world is Chuquicamata in Chuquicamata, Chile at 900 m, 443,000 tons of copper and 20,000 tons of molybdenum produced annually. ", "precise_score": -3.214270830154419, "rough_score": -6.545070171356201, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mining" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper. Sites include Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, United States. According to the British Geological Survey in 2005, Chile was the top producer of copper with at least one-third world share followed by the United States, Indonesia and Peru. Copper can also be recovered through the in-situ leach process. Several sites in the state of Arizona are considered prime candidates for this method. The amount of copper in use is increasing and the quantity available is barely sufficient to allow all countries to reach developed world levels of usage. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.995425701141357, "source": "wiki", "title": "Copper" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "The Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries, formed in 1967 by Chile, Peru, Zaire and Zambia, operated in the copper market as OPEC does in oil, though it never achieved the same influence, particularly because the second-largest producer, the United States, was never a member; it was dissolved in 1988. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.730484962463379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Copper" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural properties that destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9% of disease-causing bacteria within just two hours when cleaned regularly. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the registrations of these copper alloys as \"antimicrobial materials with public health benefits\"; that approval allows manufacturers to make legal claims to the public health benefits of products made of registered alloys. In addition, the EPA has approved a long list of antimicrobial copper products made from these alloys, such as bedrails, handrails, over-bed tables, sinks, faucets, door knobs, toilet hardware, computer keyboards, health club equipment, and shopping cart handles (for a comprehensive list, see: Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces#Approved products). Copper doorknobs are used by hospitals to reduce the transfer of disease, and Legionnaires' disease is suppressed by copper tubing in plumbing systems. Antimicrobial copper alloy products are now being installed in healthcare facilities in the U.K., Ireland, Japan, Korea, France, Denmark, and Brazil and in the subway transit system in Santiago, Chile, where copper-zinc alloy handrails will be installed in some 30 stations between 2011–2014. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.511588096618652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Copper" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "448 Industry in Transition: A Profile of the North American Mining Sector]. [http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2001/mmsd_na_mining_profile.pdf Free full-text]. The US mining industry is also large, but it is dominated by the coal and other nonmetal minerals (e.g., rock and sand), and various regulations have worked to reduce the significance of mining in the United States. In 2007 the total market capitalization of mining companies was reported at US$962 billion, which compares to a total global market cap of publicly traded companies of about US$50 trillion in 2007. In 2002, Chile and Peru were reportedly the major mining countries of South America. The mineral industry of Africa includes the mining of various minerals; it produces relatively little of the industrial metals copper, lead, and zinc, but according to one estimate has as a percent of world reserves 40% of gold, 60% of cobalt, and 90% of the world's platinum group metals. Mining in India is a significant part of that country's economy. In the developed world, mining in Australia, with BHP Billiton founded and headquartered in the country, and mining in Canada are particularly significant. For rare earth minerals mining, China reportedly controlled 95% of production in 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.869318008422852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mining" } ]

[ { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines Co. () is a major U.S. airline, the world's largest low-cost carrier, headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The airline was established in 1967 by Herb Kelleher and adopted its current name (Southwest Airlines) in 1971. The airline has nearly 46,000 employees and operates more than 3,800 flights per day. As of 2014, it carried the most domestic passengers of any U.S. airline. As of June 2016, Southwest Airlines has scheduled services to 97 destinations in 40 states, Puerto Rico, and abroad.", "precise_score": -10.745776176452637, "rough_score": -10.847799301147461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines founder Herb Kelleher studied California-based Pacific Southwest Airlines and used many of PSA’s ideas to form the corporate culture at Southwest. Early flights used the same \"Long Legs And Short Nights\" theme for stewardesses on board typical Southwest Airlines flights. A committee including the same person who had selected hostesses for Hugh Hefner's Playboy jet selected the first flight attendants, females described as long-legged dancers, majorettes and cheerleaders with \"unique personalities.\" Southwest Airlines and Herb Kelleher dressed them in hot pants and go-go boots. ", "precise_score": -11.265498161315918, "rough_score": -10.687615394592285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "The New York Times wrote in 1971 that Southwest Airlines President Lamar Muse, \"says frankly—and repeatedly—that Southwest Airlines has been developed from its inception around the ideas that have proven to be successful for Pacific Southwest Airlines.\" \"We don't mind being copycats of an operation like that,\" referring to a visit he and other Southwest executives made to PSA as they assembled their operating plans. PSA welcomed them and even sold them flight and operations training. Muse later wrote that creating the operations manuals for his upstart airline was \"primarily a cut and paste procedure\" and it is said that \"Southwest Airlines copied PSA so completely that you could almost call it a photocopy.\" ", "precise_score": -11.17169189453125, "rough_score": -10.50665283203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On November 30, 1984, Southwest took delivery of their first Boeing 737–300. Southwest was the launch customer and as of May 2012 is the largest operator of the aircraft type. The first 737-300 was dubbed \"Kitty Hawk.\" ", "precise_score": -11.060037612915039, "rough_score": -10.681325912475586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest moved into their current headquarters in 1990. Previously, the airline was headquartered in the 1820 Regal Row building in Dallas, by Love Field. At that time the headquarters had 256000 sqft of space and approximately 650 employees. The current headquarters facility was built at a cost of $15 million in 1990 dollars. In early 1995 the building received an additional 60000 sqft of space. about 1,400 employees worked in the three story building.", "precise_score": -11.191100120544434, "rough_score": -10.818865776062012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "On March 16, 1995, Southwest became one of the first airlines to have a website. Originally called the \"Southwest Airlines Home Gate,\" passengers could view schedules, a route map and company information at [http://www.iflyswa.com/ Iflyswa.com]. Southwest.com is the number one airline website for online revenue, according to PhoCusWright. Nielsen/Netratings also reports that Southwest.com is the largest airline site in terms of unique visitors. In 2006, 70 percent of flight bookings and 73 percent of revenue was generated from bookings on southwest.com. , 69 percent of Southwest passengers checked in for their flights online or at a kiosk.", "precise_score": -11.18317699432373, "rough_score": -10.787891387939453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines gained a reputation for \"outside the box thinking\" and proactive risk management, including the use of fuel hedging to insulate against fuel price fluctuation. Some analysts have argued against the style of profit-motivated energy trading Southwest did between 1999 and the early 2000s. They suggested that rather than hedging business risk (such as a hedge on weather to a farmer), Southwest was simply speculating on energy prices, without a formal rationale for doing so. ", "precise_score": -11.223291397094727, "rough_score": -10.832216262817383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest started selling tickets under the new law on October 19, 2006. Highlights of the agreement are the immediate elimination of through-ticketing prohibitions and unrestricted flights to domestic destinations eight years after the legislation takes effect. Because of the agreement, nationwide service became possible for Southwest; the law also defined the maximum number of gates at Love Field. Southwest controls all but four of the Love Field gates. United Airlines controls two and American Airlines was initially supposed to operate from the other two, however, because of their merger with US Airways, they had to give up the two gates at DAL. Virgin America began leasing the two gates from American on October 13, 2014. ", "precise_score": -11.237129211425781, "rough_score": -10.828376770019531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "An entity called Guadeloupe Holdings was formed by Southwest and currently acts as a wholly owned subsidiary of Southwest Airlines and holding company for AirTran's current operations and assets. Southwest's organized labor groups have ceded contractual \"scope\" provisions pending acceptable negotiated seniority integration agreements. Southwest is transition aircraft, routes and employees from AirTran to Southwest on a one-by-one basis until all parts of AirTran have transitioned to Southwest.", "precise_score": -11.1264009475708, "rough_score": -9.530550003051758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On April 11, 2012, Southwest introduced the 737–800 to the fleet. It seats 175 passengers as compared to the regular 143-seater 737-700. The first 737–800 was called \"Warrior One\" in salute of the Southwest Employees’ Warrior Spirit.", "precise_score": -10.86223030090332, "rough_score": -10.90410327911377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In March 1992, shortly after Southwest started using the \"Just Plane Smart\" motto, Stevens Aviation, which had been using \"Plane Smart\" for its motto, advised Southwest that it was infringing on its trademark. ", "precise_score": -9.353347778320312, "rough_score": -10.63930892944336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Instead of a lawsuit, the CEOs for both companies staged an arm wrestling match. Held at the now-demolished Dallas Sportatorium (the famed wrestling facility) and set for two out of three rounds, the loser of each round was to pay $5,000 to the charity of his choice, with the winner gaining the use of the trademarked phrase. A promotional video was created showing the CEOs \"training\" for the bout (with CEO Herb Kelleher being helped up during a sit up where a cigarette and glass of whiskey (Wild Turkey 101) was waiting) and distributed among the employees and as a video press release along with the video of the match itself. Herb Kelleher lost the match for Southwest, with Stevens Aviation winning the rights to the phrase. Kurt Herwald, CEO of Stevens Aviation, immediately granted the use of \"Just Plane Smart\" to Southwest Airlines. The net result was both companies having use of the trademark, $15,000 going to charity and good publicity for both companies. ", "precise_score": -10.535778999328613, "rough_score": -10.182052612304688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest air", "passage": "In contrast to low-cost competitor JetBlue Airways, where most employees are non-union, Southwest employees are generally members of a union. The Southwest Airline Pilots' Association, a union not affiliated with the Air Line Pilots Association, represents the airline's pilots. The Aircraft Maintenance Technicians are represented by the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association (AMFA). Customer Service Agents and Reservation Agents are represented by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers Union (IAM). Flight Dispatchers, Flight Attendants, Ramp agents and Operations agents are represented by the Transport Workers Union (TWU).", "precise_score": -11.10384750366211, "rough_score": -10.840384483337402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest has been a major inspiration to other low-cost carriers, and its business model has been repeated many times around the world. The competitive strategy combines high level of employee and aircraft productivity with low unit costs by reducing aircraft turn around time particularly at the gate. Europe's EasyJet and Ryanair are two of the best known airlines to follow Southwest's business strategy in that continent. Other airlines with a business model based on Southwest's system include Canada's WestJet, Malaysia's AirAsia (the first and biggest LCC in Asia), India's IndiGo, Qantas's Jetstar (although Jetstar now operates three aircraft types), Philippines's Cebu Pacific, Thailand's Nok Air, Mexico's Volaris and Turkey's Pegasus Airlines. Although Southwest has been a major inspiration to many other airlines, including Ryanair, AirAsia and Jetstar, the management strategies, for example, of Ryanair, AirAsia and Jetstar differ significantly from those of Southwest. All these different management strategies can be seen as means of differentiation from other competitors in order to gain competitive advantages. ", "precise_score": -11.058332443237305, "rough_score": -10.880226135253906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": ", Southwest Airlines has scheduled flights to 98 destinations in 41 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Southwest does not use the \"hub and spoke\" system of other major airlines, preferring the \"point-to-point\" system, combined with a \"rolling hub\" model in its larger cities.", "precise_score": -11.068412780761719, "rough_score": -10.662734985351562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In 1997, Southwest and Icelandair entered into interline and marketing agreements allowing for joint fares, coordinated schedules, transfer of passenger luggage between the two airlines in Baltimore and connecting passengers between several U.S. cities and several European cities. The frequent flyer programs were not included in the agreement. This arrangement lasted for several years but ended when Icelandair's service to BWI ended in January 2007. ", "precise_score": -10.946710586547852, "rough_score": -10.742120742797852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "In a departure from its traditional \"go it alone\" strategy, Southwest entered into its first domestic codesharing arrangement with ATA, which enabled Southwest Airlines to serve ATA markets in Hawaii, Washington, D.C. and New York City.", "precise_score": -10.751166343688965, "rough_score": -10.575796127319336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest.com", "passage": "A new livery, named \"Heart\" and developed with firms GSD&M, Lippincott, VML, Razorfish, and Camelot Communications, was unveiled on September 8, 2014. The new livery uses a darker shade of blue. The orange stripe on the tail is changed to yellow, both the red and yellow stripes are now enlarged in reverse pattern, and the belly of the aircraft is now in blue and features a heart, which has been a symbol for Southwest during its 43-year history. Additionally, the pinstripes are changed to a silver-gray and the Southwest text, now white, has been moved to the front of the fuselage. Lettering is in a font custom designed by Monotype, Southwest Sans. The engines now feature the airline's web address, Southwest.com.", "precise_score": -10.72684383392334, "rough_score": -9.886408805847168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest offers free in-flight non-alcoholic beverages and offers alcoholic beverages for sale. Southwest has complimentary peanuts or pretzels on all flights, and most flights have free Nabisco snacks. Southwest is known for colorful boarding announcements and crews that burst out in song, which is quite popular among passengers. ", "precise_score": -10.664396286010742, "rough_score": -10.668590545654297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest maintains excellent customer satisfaction ratings; according to the Department of Transportation (DOT) Southwest ranks number one (lowest number of complaints) of all U.S. airlines for customer complaints. Southwest Airlines has consistently received the fewest ratio of complaints per passengers boarded of all major U.S. carriers that have been reporting statistics to the DOT since 1987, which is when the DOT began tracking customer satisfaction statistics and publishing its Air Travel Consumer Report.", "precise_score": -10.818089485168457, "rough_score": -10.715325355529785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines has used only Boeing 737s, except for several years in the 1970s, and 1980s, when it leased some Boeing 727s from Braniff International Airways. As of January 2016, Southwest is the largest operator of the Boeing 737 worldwide, with over 700 in service, each averaging six flights per day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36889362335205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines began with the March 16, 1967, incorporation of Air Southwest Co. by Rollin King and Herb Kelleher to fly within the state of Texas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441624641418457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Kelleher believed that by staying within Texas, the airline could avoid federal regulation. Three airlines (Braniff, Trans-Texas and Continental Airlines) started legal action that was not resolved for three years. Air Southwest prevailed in 1970 when the Texas Supreme Court upheld Air Southwest’s right to fly within Texas. The Texas decision became final on December 7, 1970, when the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case, without comment. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375972747802734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "On March 29, 1971 Air Southwest Co. changed its name to Southwest Airlines Co. with headquarters in Dallas. Southwest began scheduled flights on June 18, 1971, Dallas to Houston (initially IAH) and Dallas to San Antonio with three 737-200s. The OAG for 15 October 1972 shows 61 flights a week each way between Dallas and Houston Hobby, 23 each way between Dallas and San Antonio and 16 each way between San Antonio and Houston; no flights were scheduled on Saturdays.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.381898880004883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "The rest of 1971 and 1972 saw operating losses. One of the four 737s was sold to Frontier Airlines and the proceeds used for payroll and other expenses. Southwest continued a schedule based on four aircraft but using only three, so the \"ten minute turn\" was born and was the standard ground time for many years. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.074712753295898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "When airline deregulation came in 1978, Southwest began to plan interstate flights from Love Field, causing groups affiliated with Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, including the city of Fort Worth, Texas, to push the Wright Amendment through Congress to restrict such flights. Under the amendment, Southwest and other airlines were barred from operating or even ticketing passengers on flights from Love Field to destinations beyond the states that border Texas. The Wright Amendment’s restrictions did not apply to aircraft with 56 or fewer seats; Southwest did not use the 56 seat loophole. Southwest's first schedule out of Texas was Hobby to New Orleans about February 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192814826965332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In 1997 Southwest’s efforts paid off with the Shelby Amendment, which added Alabama, Mississippi and Kansas to the allowed destinations. Southwest began nonstop service between Dallas Love Field and Birmingham, Alabama. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.340371131896973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest just flew to Dallas Love Field (DAL), Houston (IAH, then HOU) and San Antonio (SAT) until 1975 when it added Harlingen. In 1979 Southwest flew to eleven Texas cities and added its first route out of the state, Houston-New Orleans, around the end of the year. In 1980 Southwest expanded north to Tulsa and Oklahoma City and west to Albuquerque; in 1982, north to Kansas City and west to Phoenix, Las Vegas and California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263040542602539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest's only route within California was San Francisco-San Diego until the airline started flying in Oakland in 1989; in the next few years its capacity on the West Coast significantly increased.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499395370483398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest hired its first black pilot, Louis Freeman, in 1980. In 1992, he was named the first black chief pilot of any major U.S. airline. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490884780883789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In 1981, Southwest was successfully sued for its then-existing policy of hiring only female flight attendants and ticket agents. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448845863342285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest's Houston Pilot Base opened on June 1, 1984. Houston was its first crew base outside Dallas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.518509864807129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest paid US$60.5 million in stock and cash for Muse Air when Muse was on the verge of collapse in 1985. After completing the acquisition, Southwest renamed MuseAir TranStar Airlines. TranStar became a wholly owned subsidiary of Southwest and operated as an independent airline. Unwilling to compete in a fare war against Frank Lorenzo's Texas Air, Southwest eventually sold TranStar's assets to Lorenzo in August 1987.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165694236755371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In 1990, the airline registered their aircraft in Houston so they could pay aircraft taxes in Houston, even though the actual corporate headquarters were in Dallas. Southwest was not physically relocating any assets, but Texas state law allowed the airline to choose either Dallas or Houston as the city of registry of their aircraft. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331354141235352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest acquired Morris Air, a competing airline based in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1992, paying US$134 million in stock. After completing the purchase, Southwest absorbed the capital and routes of Morris Air into Southwest's inventory and service, including Morris' Pacific Northwest destinations not previously served by Southwest. One founder of Morris Air, David Neeleman, worked with Southwest for a short period before leaving to found WestJet and then JetBlue Airways, a competing airline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.071971893310547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "At present, Southwest has enjoyed much positive press (and a strong financial boost) from their energy trading skills. However, while most analysts agree that volatility hedges can be beneficial, speculative hedges are not widely supported as a continuing strategy for profits. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216328620910645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In March 1996, after the Dallas City Council unanimously voted to allow for construction, the airline began to build a 300000 sqft addition to the existing corporate headquarters at a cost of $30 million in 1996 dollars. This occurred after, on Wednesday March 13, 1996, the airline leased two additional tracts of land, a total of 10 acre of space, from the City of Dallas to build a new pilot training facility, a headquarters expansion, and additional parking spaces. A $9.8 million new pilot training facility was built on a 5 acre plot of land owned by the city of Dallas; it was scheduled to be completed in the Spring of 1997. With the new pilot training facility built, the old one would be removed and the company would expand its headquarters building on the former training facility site. 120000 sqft of building space, which had a price of $16 million including fixtures, was built, making the headquarters have a total of 436000 sqft. The airline also leased from the city of Dallas to build additional parking; 700 spaces were added to the existing 1,200. After the expansion, Southwest had a total leasehold of about 24 acre of land, including its headquarters, training facilities and parking. By the end of 1997, the expansion of the facilities at Love Field and several terminal improvements were expected to cost Southwest $47 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104040145874023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In late 2004, Southwest began actively seeking the full repeal of the Wright Amendment restrictions. In late 2005, Missouri was added to the list of permissible destination states via a transportation appropriations bill. New service from Love Field to Saint Louis, Missouri and Kansas City, Missouri quickly started in December 2005. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.922718048095703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "At a June 15, 2006, joint press conference held by the city of Dallas, the city of Ft. Worth, Dallas-Ft. Worth Airport, American Airlines and Southwest Airlines, the said parties announced a tentative agreement on how the Wright Amendment was to be phased out. Both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives passed Wright-related legislation on September 29, 2006, and it was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 13, 2006. The new law became effective on October 16, 2006, when the FAA Administrator notified Congress that any new aviation operations occurring as a result of the new law could be accommodated without adverse effect to the airspace. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.202059745788574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest remains the dominant passenger airline at Love Field, maintains its headquarters, hangars, training centers and flight simulators adjacent thereto and reflects its ties to Love Field in its winged heart livery and its stock exchange ticker symbol (LUV).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299393653869629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In 2008, Southwest contracted with Pratt and Whitney to supply the proprietary Ecopower water pressure-washing system, which allows Southwest to clean grime and contaminants off engine turbine blades while the aircraft is parked at the gate. Frequent use of the Ecopower system is estimated to improve fuel efficiency by about 1.9%. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.200952529907227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest paid US$7.5 million to acquire certain assets from bankrupt ATA Airlines in 2008. Southwest's primary reason for making the purchase was to acquire the operating certificate and landing slots at New York's LaGuardia Airport formerly controlled by ATA. While some preferential hiring was indicated at the time of the purchase, the transaction ultimately did not include the purchase of any aircraft, facilities or transfers of employees directly from ATA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.17086410522461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On March 6, 2008, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspectors submitted documents to the United States Congress, alleging that Southwest allowed 117 of its aircraft to fly carrying passengers despite the fact that the planes were \"not airworthy\" according to air safety investigators. In some cases the planes were allowed to fly for up to 30 months after the inspection deadlines had passed, rendering them unfit to fly. Records indicate that thousands of passengers were flown on aircraft deemed unsafe by federal standards. Southwest declined comment at the time and US Representative James Oberstar advised a hearing would be held. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988517761230469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "On March 12, 2008, Southwest Airlines voluntarily grounded 44 planes to check if they needed further inspection. The FAA claimed that Southwest Airlines flew almost 60,000 flights without fuselage inspection. Southwest Airlines faced a $10.2 million fine if they violated FAA regulations. There have also been rumors that the FAA knew about Southwest Airlines violations but decided not to fine the airline because it would disrupt their services. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.397204399108887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On March 2, 2009, Southwest settled these claims, agreeing to pay the FAA fines of $7.5 million for these safety and maintenance issues. The original fine of $30.2 million – a sum that would have been the largest fine in the agency’s history – was lowered after a year of negotiations. The FAA gave Southwest two years in which to pay the fine. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371309280395508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "On July 30, 2009, Southwest Airlines made a $113.6 million bid for bankrupt Frontier Airlines Holdings, the parent company of Frontier Airlines. Southwest planned to initially operate Frontier as a stand-alone carrier, eventually absorbing the airline and replacing Frontier's aircraft with Boeing 737s. Less than one month after submitting its bid, Southwest learned on August 14 that it had lost the initial bidding to Republic Airways Holdings and elected not to counter or pursue the deal further. Southwest stated that its requirement for pilots' unions at both companies to reach a negotiated (not arbitrated) agreement as a condition of acquisition was a key factor in its abandonment of its bid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97872257232666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On August 26, 2009 the FAA investigated Southwest for installing improper parts on about 10% of its jets. The work was performed by an outside maintenance company. The FAA stated that the parts do not present a safety danger, but the airline was given until December 24, 2009 to replace the parts with those approved by the FAA. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322371482849121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines first announced the acquisition on September 27, 2010 and received final approval from the United States Department of Justice on April 27, 2011. On May 2, 2011, Southwest Airlines completed the acquisition of AirTran Airways by purchasing all of the outstanding common stock, corporate identity and operating assets of AirTran Holdings, Inc., the former parent company of AirTran Airways. Southwest Airlines estimates the transaction's value at $3.2 billion and expects onetime costs to integrate the two airlines of $500 million, with cost synergies of approximately $400 million annually. The greatest impact on Southwest was the elimination of a direct low-cost competitor, access to Atlanta, international service and the addition of landing slots at New York-LaGuardia Airport and Washington-Reagan Airport. Southwest obtained a single operating certificate (SOC) from the United States Federal Aviation Administration on March 1, 2012, but the airline was not fully integrated until AirTran had its last flight on December 28, 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.026069641113281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "The purchase adds 25 additional destinations previously not served by Southwest including cities in Mexico, the Caribbean and Atlanta, Georgia, an AirTran hub and at the time, the largest U.S. city not served by Southwest. On October 10, 2011, USA Today reported that Southwest will work to no longer bank flights in Atlanta as AirTran did. AirTran 737 aircraft are in the process of being converted to Southwest's livery and evolve interior.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.237594604492188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On February 14, 2013, Southwest began codesharing with AirTran. It took the first step on January 26, 2013 by launching shared itineraries in five markets. Southwest continued to launch shared itineraries with 39 more markets beginning February 25, 2013. In April 2013, shared itineraries were expanded to all Southwest and AirTran cities (domestic and international). The airlines were fully integrated on December 29, 2014. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.291974067687988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "For the tenth year in a row, Fortune magazine recognized Southwest Airlines in its annual survey of corporate reputations. Among all industries in 2004, Fortune has listed Southwest Airlines as number three among America’s Top Ten most admired corporations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.065071105957031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On December 13, 2011, Southwest placed a firm order for 150 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, becoming the launch customer for the type. First delivery is expected in 2017.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27112102508545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "In January 2012, Southwest Airlines expressed interest in serving Mexican and South American destinations out of Hobby. On May 30, 2012 Houston's city council approved Southwest's request for international flights from Hobby. Southwest agreed to invest at least $100 million to cover all costs tied to the Hobby upgrade, which includes designing and building five new gates and a customs facility. Construction at Hobby took two years, with international flights beginning in October 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.252365112304688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On May 5, 2014, Southwest announced that it has chosen Amadeus IT Group to replace its current domestic reservation system. Southwest already operates its international reservation system with Amadeus. The new domestic reservation system is expected to take a few years before it is implemented. When completed, Southwest will operate one reservation system by Amadeus. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392962455749512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In September 2014, Southwest introduced new branding, including a new livery and logo. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143410682678223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On October 13, 2014, the Wright Amendment restrictions at Dallas Love Field were repealed and Southwest expanded service at Love Field to include cities outside the previous location restrictions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425053596496582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Throughout 2014, Southwest expanded service at Reagan-National in Washington D.C. and LaGuardia Airport in New York City through slot acquisitions from the American Airlines/US Airways merger. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29718017578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On June 10, 2016, Southwest received approval to begin flights to Cuba. Southwest was one of 6 airlines chosen by the USDOT to commence scheduled service to Cuba. Southwest will launch service from Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport to Varadero, Cuba and Santa Clara, Cuba. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.278189659118652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In July 2016, two operational outages caused by technology problems cancelled hundreds of Southwest flights, stranding tens of thousands of passengeres and many aircrew.http://www.bizjournals.com/chicago/news/2016/07/22/southwest-airlines-flight-attendants-overnighting.html?ana", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40268325805664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines is the official commercial airline of the Honor Flight Network. Honor Flights are dedicated to bringing aging and ailing veterans to visit the national monuments in Washington, D.C., devoted to the wars in which they served. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10273265838623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "The Southwest Airlines headquarters is located on the grounds of Dallas Love Field in the Love Field neighborhood of Dallas, Texas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456503868103027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On September 17, 2012, Southwest broke ground on a new Training and Operational Support (TOPS) building. The TOPS Building is across the street from its current headquarters building. The property includes a two-story, 100,000-square-foot operations building that could withstand an F3 tornado. It also includes a four-story, 392,000-square-foot office and training facility with two levels devoted to each function. The new facilities will house 24-hour coordination and maintenance operations, customer support and services, and training. BOKA Powell was the project architect. Manhattan Construction is the general contractor. The project is scheduled for completion in late 2013, with occupancy beginning in 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140032768249512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "As of December 2014, Southwest Airlines has nearly 46,000 employees. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435571670532227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Gary C. Kelly is Chairman, President and CEO of Southwest Airlines. Kelly replaced former CEO Jim Parker on July 15, 2004 and assumed the title of \"President\" on July 15, 2008, replacing former President Colleen Barrett. In July 2007, Herb Kelleher resigned his position as Chairman. Colleen Barrett left her post on the Board of Directors and as Corporate Secretary in May 2008 and as President in July 2008. Both are still active employees of Southwest Airlines. Kelleher was President and CEO of Southwest from September 1981-June 2001. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.050970077514648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines is the official airline for four Major League Baseball teams, the Texas Rangers, the Baltimore Orioles, the Milwaukee Brewers, and the San Diego Padres. The Los Angeles Dodgers used to fly them as their airline sponsor; they signed a deal with United in 2015. Also it serves as a sponsor for the NBA, especially the Houston Rockets and it was the official airline for the Super Bowl.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36255168914795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines is the title sponsor of the annual Southwest Airlines San Francisco Chinese New Year Festival and Parade. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404777526855469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines painted Two aircraft there aircraft to look like an Orca, with advertisements for SeaWorld. It was repainted to standard Southwest livery following there 26 year long partnership.[128] Both N713SW and N715SW have been repainted in the Heart livery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195826530456543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest has fought against the development of a high-speed rail system in Texas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379158020019531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "In 1991, a plan was made to connect the Texas Triangle (Houston – Dallas – Fort Worth – San Antonio) with a privately financed high speed train system that would quickly take passengers from one city to the next. This was the same model Southwest Airlines used 20 years earlier to break into the Texas market where it served the same cities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.019469261169434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines, with the help of lobbyists, created legal barriers to prohibit the consortium from moving forward and the entire project was eventually scuttled in 1994, when the State of Texas withdrew the franchise. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.92007827758789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "At the time of ATA's demise in April 2008, the airline offered over 70 flights a week to Hawaii from Southwest's focus cities in PHX, LAS, LAX and OAK with connections available to many other cities across the United States. The ATA/Southwest codeshare was terminated when ATA filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on April 3, 2008. Southwest ultimately acquired the operating certificate and some of the landing rights of ATA in the ensuing proceedings. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285329818725586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "On July 8, 2008, Southwest Airlines signed a codeshare agreement with WestJet of Canada, giving the two airlines the ability to sell seats on each other's flights. Originally, the partnership was to be finalized by late 2009, but had been postponed due to economic conditions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198454856872559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On April 16, 2010, Southwest and WestJet airlines amicably agreed to terminate the implementation of a codeshare agreement between the two airlines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375473976135254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest signed its second international codeshare agreement on November 10, 2008, with Mexican low-cost carrier Volaris. The agreement allowed Southwest to sell tickets on Volaris flights. However, on February 22, 2013, the connecting agreement was terminated. It was said to be mutual between the airlines. Most industry experts believe that the expansion of the subsidiary of Southwest, AirTran Airways, into more Mexican markets, as a main reason for the termination of the agreement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.157052040100098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "After acquiring AirTran Airways in 2011, Southwest began a codeshare agreement with AirTran on February 14, 2013. The agreement ended after AirTran became fully integrated into Southwest on December 28, 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408798217773438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Since its inception Southwest Airlines has almost exclusively operated Boeing 737 aircraft (except for a brief period when it leased and flew some Boeing 727-200 aircraft). Southwest is the world's largest operator of the Boeing 737, was the launch customer of the 737-500 and -700, and will be the launch customer of the 737 MAX 7 and 8. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192850112915039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": ", the Southwest Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466307640075684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest added the Boeing 737-800 to its fleet on April 11, 2012. The aircraft has 175 seats, 38 more than the former largest plane in Southwest's fleet. All -800s include the Boeing Sky Interior, with the 8 300-series and 800-series planes also being equipped with ETOPS equipment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48245620727539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "After completing the purchase of AirTran Airways, Southwest Airlines acquired AirTran's existing fleet of Boeing 717-200 aircraft. However, Southwest elected not to integrate them into its fleet but instead subleased them to Delta Air Lines, with deliveries then being made through the end of 2015. AirTran also operated Boeing 737-700 aircraft at the time of its acquisition by Southwest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39511489868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On December 13, 2011, Southwest placed a firm order for 150 Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft, becoming the launch customer for the type. First delivery is expected in 2017. All 737 MAX 8 aircraft will include the Boeing Sky Interior.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.405367851257324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On May 15, 2013, Southwest became the launch customer for the Boeing 737 MAX 7 aircraft and now has 30 MAX 7 aircraft on order. The first delivery is expected in 2019. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.318358421325684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest's original primary livery was desert gold, red and orange, with pinstripes of white separating each section of color. The word Southwest appeared in white on the desert gold portion of the tail. On the original three 737-200s, from June 1971, on the left side of the plane, the word Southwest was placed along the upper rear portion of the fuselage, with the word Airlines painted on the tail [http://www.airliners.net/open.file/0111301/M/ N21SW]. On the right side, the word Southwest was on the tail, but also had the word Airlines painted on the upper rear portion of the fuselage.[http://www.airliners.net/open.file/0111315/M/ N20SW].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349787712097168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest.com", "passage": "Southwest introduced the canyon blue livery on January 16, 2001, the first primary livery change in Southwest's [then] 30-year history. Spirit One was the first plane painted in the canyon blue fleet color scheme. The second livery replaces the former primary color, desert gold, with canyon blue and changes the Southwest text and pinstripes to gold. The orange and red stripes continued to be used. The pinstripe along the plane was drawn in a more curved pattern instead of the straight horizontal line separating the colors in the original. For aircraft equipped with blended winglets, the blended winglets were painted to include the text Southwest.com. Southwest completed repainting its entire fleet with the new Canyon Blue livery in early 2010; however, The Colleen Barrett Classic (N714CB), The Herbert D. Kelleher One (N711HK), & The Metallic Gold One (N792SW), which are Boeing 737–700 aircraft, retain the original desert gold livery. However, these classics do not have the black paint printed on the nose of the plane and do not have the number one heart on it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.228880882263184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest air", "passage": "Some Southwest aircraft feature special liveries or are named with special decals. Southwest gives these aircraft special names, usually ending in \"One.\" All special liveries painted prior to Spirit One originally wore the standard Desert Gold, red and orange colors on the vertical stabilizer and rudder. Subsequent special liveries feature tails with the canyon blue livery. All earlier specials, with the exception of Triple Crown One, have been repainted with the Spirit livery tail. Aircraft painted in special liveries have white painted blended winglets with two exceptions: Lone Star One, which was fitted with \"Southwest.com\" blended winglets in January 2011 after having been fitted with plain white winglets in August 2010, and Warrior One, which added the split scimitar winglet in May 2014. Missouri One was the first special livery to feature a modified version of the Heart tail design, with the red and yellow ribbons shrunk in order to fit the Southwest wordmark as it is unable to be used on the fuselage. Previous special livery aircraft will eventually be repainted with the new tail design, Illinois One being the first.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.935114860534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "* The first aircraft to be painted in the \"Shamu\" scheme was N334SW (1988), a 737–300 and it was later followed by N507SW (Shamu II) and N501SW (Shamu III), both 737-500s. Subsequent to the retirement of Southwest's 737-200s, the 737-500s began to stay within a smaller geographic area formerly operated by the 737-200s and as such, Sea World was no longer getting the optimal national exposure from these two aircraft. Two 737–700 aircraft, N713SW and N715SW, were repainted as the new Shamu aircraft and both N501SW and N507SW were repainted in canyon blue colors. In 2013, N334SW was retired, leaving two Shamu aircraft. The artwork on the nose of each aircraft states \"Shamu\" plus the overhead bins on the aircraft display ads for Sea World.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.020773887634277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Southwest experience", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51740550994873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "Prior to 2007, Southwest boarded passengers by grouping the passengers into three groups, labeled A, B and C. Passengers would line up at their specified letter and board. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.217636108398438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "In 2007, Southwest modified their boarding procedure by introducing a number. Each passenger receives a letter (A, B or C) and a number 1 through 60. Passengers line up in numerical order within each letter group and choose any open seat on the aircraft as part of Southwest's open seating policy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346585273742676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "After completing a testing phase that began in February 2009, Southwest announced on August 21, 2009 that it would begin rolling out in-flight wi-fi Internet connectivity via Row 44's satellite-broadband based product. Southwest began adding Wi-Fi to its aircraft in the first quarter of 2010. The airline began testing streaming live television in the summer of 2012 and video on demand in January 2013. All 737-700s and -800s are now equipped with Wi-Fi, streaming live television, Beats audio, free eBooks and video on demand. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.997231483459473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On January 17, 2012, Southwest introduced a plan to retrofit its fleet with a new interior. Improvements include a modern cabin design, lighter and more comfortable seats made of eco-friendly products, increased under-seat space, new netted seatback pockets to provide more knee room, a new fixed-wing headrest and improved ergonomics. All Boeing 737-700s and -800s and 78 737-300s have the Evolve Interior. Though not originally planned, because of space saved, Southwest was able to fit an extra row of seats on its planes. All Boeing 737-800s have the Boeing Sky Interior, which features sculpted sidewalls and redesigned window housings, along with increased headroom and LED mood lighting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32540225982666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On April 15, 2015, Southwest introduced its newest interior, called the Heart Interior. It includes the widest seat to fit a Boeing 737 and it provides additional space for passengers. The seat will be delivered on all new 737-800s starting in mid-2016 and will be on all 737 Max aircraft. All current evolve equipped 737s will be retrofitted with new bulkheads and bold blue seat cushions to match the look of the heart interior.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.326433181762695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Rapid Rewards", "passage": "Rapid Rewards", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352032661437988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest first began to offer a frequent-flyer program on June 20, 1987, calling it The Company Club. Unlike competitors' programs that were based on miles flown, The Company Club credited for trips flown regardless of distance. Southwest Airlines renamed its frequent flyer program Rapid Rewards on April 25, 1996.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21374797821045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "The original Rapid Rewards program offered one credit per one-way flight from an origin to a destination including any stops or connections on Southwest Airlines. When 16 credits were accumulated in a 24-month period, Southwest awarded one free round-trip ticket that was valid for 12 months.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.191417694091797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Rapid Rewards", "passage": "On March 1, 2011, Rapid Rewards changed to a points system based on ticket cost. Members earn and redeem points based on a three-tier fare scale multiplier and the cost of the ticket. Changes also included no blackout dates, seat restrictions or expiring credits. It also adds more options to use points. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376124382019043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "Southwest Airlines incidents include 2 deaths (1 non-passenger death on the ground, 1 accidental passenger death in the air) and 7 accidents (including 2 aircraft hull losses). The airline was considered among the 10 safest in the world in 2012. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448686599731445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest", "passage": "On June 22, 2011, a March 25 recording of an in-flight transmission of Southwest pilot Captain James Taylor apparently unintentionally broadcasting a conversation with his co-pilot was released to the press. The conversation was peppered with foul language directed at gay, overweight, and older flight attendants. According to Southwest, the pilot was reprimanded, temporarily suspended without pay and received diversity education before being reinstated. Captain Taylor also sent an e-mail apology to all of Southwest's employees, especially the crew members who were criticized. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.260663986206055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "answer": "Southwest Airlines", "passage": "The story of Southwest’s legal fight was turned into a children’s book, Gumwrappers and Goggles by Winifred Barnum in 1983. In the story, TJ Love, a small jet, is taken to court by two larger jets to keep him from their hangar and to stop him from flying. In court, TJ Love’s right to fly is upheld after an impassioned plea from a character referred to as \"The Lawyer.\" While no company names are mentioned in the book, TJ Love’s colors were those of Southwest Airlines, and the two other jets are in Braniff and Continental colors. The Lawyer resembles Herb Kelleher. The book was adapted into a stage musical, Show Your Spirit, sponsored by Southwest Airlines and played only in cities served by the airline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.932915687561035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Southwest Airlines" } ]

[ { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "John Flammang Schrank (March 5, 1876 – September 15, 1943) was a resident of New York, best known for his attempt to assassinate former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt on October 14, 1912 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.", "precise_score": 4.963276386260986, "rough_score": -1.6595522165298462, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Flammang Schrank" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "On October 14, 1912, while Theodore Roosevelt was campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Schrank attempted to assassinate him.", "precise_score": 4.175065994262695, "rough_score": 1.5150595903396606, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Flammang Schrank" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "On October 14, 1912, Theodore Roosevelt was shot in the chest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and still delivered his 90-minute presidential campaign speech as planned. The would-be assassin, John Flammang Schrank, claimed the ghost of William McKinley had appeared to him in a dream and ordered him to avenge his death by killing Roosevelt. Had it not been for the 50-page speech and steel eyeglass case Roosevelt was carrying in his jacket, the bullet would have gone deeper into his chest and penetrated his lung. When asked if the shooting would affect his election campaign, he said to the reporter \"I'm fit as a bull moose,\" which inspired the party's emblem. ", "precise_score": 4.838784694671631, "rough_score": 3.7688779830932617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Progressive Party (United States, 1912)" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "The 1912 Presidential election campaign was characterised by a serious split in the Republican Party between the conservative wing under President William Howard Taft and the liberal/reform wing under ex-President Theodore Roosevelt. After a bitter confrontation at the Republican Convention, Taft won renomination. Roosevelt led a bolt of his followers, who held a convention and nominated him for President on the ticket of the Progressive Party, nicknamed the \"Bull Moose Party.\" Taft and his supporters attacked Roosevelt for being power-hungry, and seeking to break the tradition that U.S. Presidents only serve up to two terms in office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.183481216430664, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Flammang Schrank" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "According to documents found on Schrank after the attempted assassination, Schrank had written that he was advised by the ghost of William McKinley in a dream to avenge his death, pointing to a picture of Theodore Roosevelt. Different accounts claim that in the dream he instead saw McKinley rise from a coffin and point at Roosevelt, who was wearing a monk's robe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.251296997070312, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Flammang Schrank" }, { "answer": "T Roosevelt", "passage": "Roosevelt was at the Gilpatrick Hotel at a dinner provided by the hotel's owner, a supporter. The ex-President was scheduled to deliver a speech at the Milwaukee Auditorium. News had circulated that Roosevelt was at the hotel, and Schrank (who had been following Roosevelt from New Orleans to Milwaukee) went to the hotel. The ex-President had finished his meal, and was leaving the hotel to enter his car when Schrank acted. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.047554969787598, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Flammang Schrank" }, { "answer": "T. Roosevelt", "passage": "Schrank did shoot Roosevelt, but the bullet lodged in Roosevelt's chest only after hitting both his steel eyeglass case and a 50-page copy of his speech he was carrying in his jacket. Roosevelt decided the bullet could not have penetrated to his lung because he coughed no blood and, declining suggestions that he go to the hospital, delivered his scheduled speech. He spoke for ninety minutes, but sometimes managed no more than a whisper. His opening comments to the gathered crowd were: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.760282516479492, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Flammang Schrank" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "Afterwards, doctors determined that he was not seriously wounded and that it would be more dangerous to attempt to remove the bullet than to leave it in his chest. Roosevelt carried it with him until he died.[http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/timeline.htm Timeline of Theodore Roosevelt's Life by the Theodore Roosevelt Association] at www.theodoreroosevelt.org In later years, when asked about the bullet inside him, Roosevelt would say, \"I do not mind it any more than if it were in my waistcoat pocket.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.583407402038574, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Flammang Schrank" }, { "answer": "T Roosevelt", "passage": "Schrank maintained, later, that he had nothing against the man himself, and he did not intend to kill 'the citizen Roosevelt', but rather 'Roosevelt, the third-termer.' He claimed to have shot Roosevelt as a warning to other third-termers, and that it was the ghost of William McKinley that told him to perform the act. When Roosevelt died in 1919, Schrank conceded that he was a great American and was sorry to hear of his death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.86198616027832, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Flammang Schrank" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. In the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.705829620361328, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "The building was originally referred to variously as the \"President's Palace\", \"Presidential Mansion\", or \"President's House\". The earliest evidence of the public calling it the \"White House\" was recorded in 1811. A myth emerged that during the rebuilding of the structure after the Burning of Washington, white paint was applied to mask the burn damage it had suffered, giving the building its namesake hue. The name \"Executive Mansion\" was used in official contexts until President Theodore Roosevelt established the formal name by having \"White House–Washington\" engraved on the stationery in 1901. The current letterhead wording and arrangement \"The White House\" with the word \"Washington\" centered beneath goes back to the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.11852741241455, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "However, in 1902 Theodore Roosevelt hired McKim, Mead & White to carry out expansions and renovations in a neoclassical style suited to the building's architecture, removing the Tiffany screen and all Victorian additions. Charles McKim himself designed and managed the project, which gave more living space to the President's large family by removing a staircase in the West Hall and moving executive office staff from the second floor of the residence into the new West Wing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.472061157226562, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "The Progressive Party of 1912 was an American third party. It was formed by former President Theodore Roosevelt, after he lost the nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégé, President William Howard Taft, who had since become his political adversary. The new party was known for taking advanced positions on progressive reforms, and attracting some leading reformers. However it ran a full ticket and Republican politicians and political activists across the country generally refused to join. California was the exception, for the progressive element took control of the Republican Party in that state, and ran its leader Hiram Johnson as Roosevelt's running mate. It carried only eight states, enabling Democrat Woodrow Wilson to score a massive landslide in the electoral college, as well as control of both houses of Congress. Beset by factionalism and failure to win many offices, the party went into rapid decline by 1914 and virtually disappeared in 1916. One main result was that conservative elements took control of the Republican Party for decades. The reforms proposed by the party had all been under discussion for years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.855055809020996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Progressive Party (United States, 1912)" }, { "answer": "T Roosevelt", "passage": "Roosevelt left office in 1909. He had selected Taft, his Secretary of War, to succeed him as presidential candidate, and Taft easily won the 1908 presidential election. Roosevelt became disappointed by Taft's increasingly conservative policies. Taft upset Roosevelt when he used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to sue U.S. Steel for an action that President Roosevelt had explicitly approved. They became openly hostile, and Roosevelt decided to seek the presidency.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.088047981262207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Progressive Party (United States, 1912)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Patty Murray", "passage": "In early 2010, Washington State Republicans began courting various conservatives to challenge incumbent Senator Patty Murray in a year that was seen by many as a vulnerable year for Democrats. On May 26, 2010, Dino Rossi officially announced his candidacy. In the Republican primary, Rossi defeated Tea Party favorite Clint Didier 33.98% - 11.99%. Rossi went on to lose the general Election on November 4, after two days' worth of ballot counting indicated that he would not have enough votes to defeat Sen. Murray.", "precise_score": -8.517394065856934, "rough_score": -6.7412943840026855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dino Rossi" }, { "answer": "Patty Murray", "passage": "Rossi began his career in the commercial real estate industry and has continued to invest in and manage income properties. After the 2008 election, Rossi returned his full attention to real estate. During the spring of 2010 there was speculation that Rossi might enter the 2010 Senate race to challenge incumbent Patty Murray. Rossi entered the race on May 26, 2010. On August 17, 2010 Rossi defeated his Republican primary challengers, but lost to incumbent Senator Patty Murray (a Democrat) in the November 2 general election 47% to 52%. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.30101490020752, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dino Rossi" } ]

[ { "answer": "Otter", "passage": "Semi-aquatic mammals, like pinnipeds, have two pairs of flippers on the front and back, the fore-flippers and hind-flippers. The elbows and ankles are enclosed within the body.Berta, pp. 62–64. Pinnipeds have several adaptions for reducing drag. In addition to their streamlined bodies, they have smooth networks of muscle bundles in their skin that may increase laminar flow and make it easier for them to slip through water. They also lack arrector pili, so their fur can be streamlined as they swim. They rely on their fore-flippers for locomotion in a wing-like manner similar to penguins and sea turtles. Fore-flipper movement is not continuous, and the animal glides between each stroke. Compared to terrestrial carnivorans, the fore-limbs are reduced in length, which gives the locomotor muscles at the shoulder and elbow joints greater mechanical advantage; the hind-flippers serve as stabilizers. Other semi-aquatic mammals include beavers, hippopotamuses, otters and platypuses. Hippos are very large semi-aquatic mammals, and their barrel-shaped bodies have graviportal skeletal structures, adapted to carrying their enormous weight, and their specific gravity allows them to sink and move along the bottom of a river. ", "precise_score": -2.045283079147339, "rough_score": -0.61345374584198, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mammal" }, { "answer": "Otter", "passage": "Tool use by animals may indicate different levels of learning and cognition. The sea otter uses rocks as essential and regular parts of its foraging behaviour (smashing abalone off of rocks or breaking open shells), with some populations spending 21% of their time making tools. Other tool use, such as chimpanzees using twigs to \"fish\" for termites, may be developed by watching others use tools and may even be a true example of animal teaching. Tools may even be used in solving puzzles in which the animal appears to experience a \"Eureka moment\". Other mammals that do not use tools, such as dogs, can also experience a Eureka moment. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.225349426269531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mammal" }, { "answer": "Otter", "passage": "When two animals mate, they both share an interest in the success of the offspring, though often to different extremes. Unless the male and female are perfectly monogamous, meaning that they mate for life and take no other partners, even after the original mate’s death, as with wolves, Eurasian beavers, and otters. The amount of parental care will vary. There are three types of polygamy: either one or multiple dominant males have with breeding rights (polygyny), multiple males that females mate with (polyandry), or multiple males have exclusive relations with multiple females (polygynandry). It is much more common for polygynous mating to happen, which, excluding leks, are estimated to occur in up to 90% of mammals. Lek mating occurs in harems, wherein one or a few males protect their harem of females from other males who would otherwise mate with the females, as in elephant seals; or males congregate around females and try to attract them with various courtship displays and vocalizations, as in harbor seals. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.79032039642334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mammal" }, { "answer": "Otter", "passage": "A weasel is a mammal of the genus Mustela of the family Mustelidae. The genus Mustela includes the least weasels, polecats, stoats, ferrets, and minks. Members of this genus are small, active predators, with long and slender bodies and short legs. The family Mustelidae (which also includes badgers, otters, and wolverines) is often referred to as the \"weasel family\". In the UK, the term \"weasel\" usually refers to the smallest species Mustela nivalis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.848477363586426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Weasel" }, { "answer": "Otter", "passage": "Usual animal sources for fur clothing and fur trimmed accessories include fox, rabbit, mink, beavers, ermine, otters, sable, seals, coyotes, chinchilla, raccoon, and possum. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.322994709014893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fur" } ]

[ { "answer": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "passage": "Alistair Leslie Graham better known as Ali G is a satirical fictional character created and performed by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. Originally appearing on Channel 4's The 11 O'Clock Show, and subsequently as the title character of Channel 4's Da Ali G Show in 2000 and on HBO in 2003–2004, he is also the title character of the film Ali G Indahouse. In December 2007, in an interview with The Daily Telegraph, Baron Cohen announced that Ali G, along with Borat, had been retired. However, Ali G returned at the 2012 British Comedy Awards to accept Baron Cohen's Outstanding Achievement Award, causing controversy by making jokes about Kate Middleton and Jimmy Savile. Ali G returned to television with Ali G Rezurection in 2014. Rezurection features new introductions by Ali G to some old highlights of Da Ali G Show.", "precise_score": 2.792232036590576, "rough_score": 4.747697353363037, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ali G" }, { "answer": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "passage": "Brian May announced in a September 2010 BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen, previously known for his comedic characters Borat, Ali G and Brüno, had been chosen to play Mercury in a film about his life. TIME commented with approval on his singing ability and resemblance to Mercury. The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan, who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon. The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert. Filming was planned to begin sometime in 2011. ", "precise_score": 4.879409313201904, "rough_score": 6.165227890014648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freddie Mercury" }, { "answer": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "passage": "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (or simply Borat) is a 2006 British-American mockumentary comedy film. The film was written and produced by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen who also plays the title character, Borat Sagdiyev, a fictitious Kazakh journalist travelling through the United States recording real-life interactions with Americans. The film was directed by Larry Charles and distributed by 20th Century Fox. Much of the film features unscripted vignettes of Borat interviewing and interacting with Americans, who believe he is a foreigner with little or no understanding of American customs. It is the second of three films built around Baron Cohen's characters from Da Ali G Show (2000–04): the first, Ali G Indahouse, was released in 2002, and featured a cameo by Borat, and the third, Brüno, was released in 2009. The film is produced by Baron Cohen's production company, Four By Two Productions (\"Four By Two\" is Cockney rhyming slang for \"Jew\"). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7828583717346191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Borat" }, { "answer": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "passage": "* Sacha Baron Cohen as Borat Sagdiyev, a fictional Kazakh journalist, distinguished by exaggeratedly strong antisemitism, sexism, and antiziganism, which is depicted as apparently the norm in his homeland. Borat was originally created as a character for Da Ali G Show and appeared in every episode of the show, along with a cameo in the film spin-off.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.621574878692627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Borat" }, { "answer": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "passage": "No Kazakh language is heard in the film. Borat's neighbours in Kazakhstan were portrayed by Romani people, who were unaware of the film's subject. The Cyrillic alphabet used in the film is the Russian form, not the Kazakh one, although most of the words written in it (especially the geographical names) are either misspelled or make no sense at all. The lettering on the aircraft in the beginning of the film is merely the result of Roman characters on a reversed image, while promotional materials spell \"BORДT\" with a Cyrillic letter for D substituted for the \"A\" in Faux Cyrillic style typically used to give a \"Russian\" appearance. Sacha Baron Cohen speaks Hebrew in the film, while Ken Davitian speaks Armenian. They also use several common phrases from Slavic languages: Borat's trademark expressions \"jagshemash\" (jak się masz) and \"chenquieh\" (dziękuję) echo the Polish (or other related languages) for \"How are you?\" and \"thank you\", respectively. While presenting his house, Borat says \"tishe\" to his house-cow; \"tiše/тише\" is Russian (similar words exist in other Slavic languages) for \"quiet(er)\" or \"be quiet\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.784513473510742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Borat" }, { "answer": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "passage": "The government of Kazakhstan at first denounced Borat. In 2005, following Borat's appearance at the MTV Movie Awards, the country's Foreign Ministry threatened to sue Sacha Baron Cohen, and Borat's \"Kazakh-based\" website, www.borat.kz, was taken down. Kazakhstan also launched a multi-million dollar \"Heart of Eurasia\" campaign to counter the Borat effect; Baron Cohen replied by denouncing the campaign at an in-character press conference in front of the White House as the propaganda of the \"evil nitwits\" of Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan is, throughout the film, referred to by Borat as his nation's second leading problem, with the first being the Jews.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.539787292480469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Borat" }, { "answer": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "passage": "The folk music included in the soundtrack has no connection to the authentic music of Kazakhstan. The album features songs by Gypsy and Balkan artists (mostly Emir Kusturica and Goran Bregovic) and includes music by Erran Baron Cohen, founding member of ZOHAR Sound System and brother of Borat star Sacha Baron Cohen, as well as songs sung by Sacha Baron Cohen himself in character as Borat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.532002449035645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Borat" }, { "answer": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "passage": "In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to \"creative differences\" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role of Mercury. The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan, who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon. The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.89879846572876, "source": "wiki", "title": "Queen (band)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Marvin Gaye", "passage": "From 1961 to 1971, Motown had 110 top 10 hits. Top artists on the Motown label during that period included the Supremes (initially including Diana Ross), the Four Tops, and the Jackson 5, while Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, the Marvelettes, and the Miracles had hits on the Tamla label. The company operated several labels in addition to the Tamla and Motown imprints. A third label, which Gordy named after himself (though it was originally called \"Miracle\") featured the Temptations, the Contours, and Martha and the Vandellas. A fourth, V.I.P., released recordings by the Velvelettes, the Spinners, the Monitors, and Chris Clark.", "precise_score": -6.001872539520264, "rough_score": -3.568535327911377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Motown" }, { "answer": "Marvin Gaye", "passage": "After the songwriting trio Holland–Dozier–Holland left the label in 1967 over royalty-payment disputes, Norman Whitfield became the company's top producer, turning out hits for The Temptations, Marvin Gaye, Gladys Knight & the Pips and Rare Earth. In the meantime Berry Gordy established Motown Productions, a television subsidiary which produced TV specials for the Motown artists, including TCB, with Diana Ross & the Supremes and the Temptations, Diana! with Diana Ross, and Goin' Back to Indiana with the Jackson 5. The company loosened its production rules, allowing some of its longtime artists the opportunity to write and produce more of their own material. This resulted in the recordings of successful and critically acclaimed albums such as Marvin Gaye's What's Going On (1971) and Let's Get it On (1973), and Stevie Wonder's Music of My Mind (1972), Talking Book (1972), and Innervisions (1973).", "precise_score": -6.450639247894287, "rough_score": -3.6457536220550537, "source": "wiki", "title": "Motown" }, { "answer": "Marvin Gaye", "passage": "In 1967 Berry Gordy purchased what is now known as Motown Mansion in Detroit's Boston-Edison Historic District as his home, leaving his previous home to his sister Anna and then husband Marvin Gaye (where photos for the cover of his album What's Going On were taken). In 1968, Gordy purchased the Donovan building on the corner of Woodward Avenue and Interstate 75, and moved Motown's Detroit offices there (the Donovan building was demolished in January 2006 to provide parking spaces for Super Bowl XL). In the same year Gordy purchased Golden World Records, and its recording studio became \"Studio B\" to Hitsville's \"Studio A\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.604538440704346, "source": "wiki", "title": "Motown" }, { "answer": "Marvin Gaye", "passage": "The Motown production process has been described as factory-like. The Hitsville studios remained open and active 22 hours a day, and artists would often go on tour for weeks, come back to Detroit to record as many songs as possible, and then promptly go on tour again. Berry Gordy held quality control meetings every Friday morning, and used veto power to ensure that only the very best material and performances would be released. The test was that every new release needed to fit into a sequence of the top five selling pop singles of the week. Several tracks that later became critical and commercial favorites were initially rejected by Gordy; the two most notable being the Marvin Gaye songs \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" and \"What's Going On\". In several cases, producers would re-work tracks in hopes of eventually getting them approved at a later Friday morning meeting, as producer Norman Whitfield did with \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" and The Temptations' \"Ain't Too Proud to Beg\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.592392444610596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Motown" }, { "answer": "Marvin Gaye", "passage": "Artist development was a major part of Motown's operations instituted by Berry Gordy. The acts on the Motown label were fastidiously groomed, dressed and choreographed for live performances. Motown artists were advised that their breakthrough into the white popular music market made them ambassadors for other African-American artists seeking broad market acceptance, and that they should think, act, walk and talk like royalty, so as to alter the less-than-dignified image commonly held of black musicians by white Americans in that era. Given that many of the talented young artists had been raised in housing projects and lacked the necessary social and dress experience, this Motown department was not only necessary, it created an elegant style of presentation long associated with the label. The artist development department specialized primarily in working with younger, less experienced acts; experienced performers such as Jr. Walker and Marvin Gaye were exempted from artist development classes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.831237316131592, "source": "wiki", "title": "Motown" }, { "answer": "Marvin Gaye", "passage": "* Tamla Records: Established 1959, Tamla was a primary subsidiary for mainstream R&B/soul music. Tamla is actually the company's original label: Gordy founded Tamla Records several months before establishing the Motown Record Corporation. The label's numbering system was combined with those of Motown and Gordy in 1982, and the label was merged with Motown in 1988. Notable Tamla artists included Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, and the Marvelettes. Tamla was briefly re-activated in 1996 as a reggae label, but only released a 12\" single by Cocoa Tea called \"New Immigration Law\". Tamla also had a sub-label called Penny Records in 1959; artists on that label included Bryan Brent And The Cut Outs, who recorded a single for the label entitled Vacation Time b/w For Eternity (2201). Tamla Records slogan: \"The Sound that Makes the World Go 'Round\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8489580154418945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Motown" } ]

[ { "answer": "Great Smoky Mountains", "passage": "* Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina", "precise_score": -2.7261314392089844, "rough_score": -9.399433135986328, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Park Service" } ]

[ { "answer": "Christo", "passage": "Paris has been an international capital of high fashion since the 19th century, particularly in the domain of haute couture, clothing hand-made to order for private clients. It is home of some of the largest fashion houses in the world, including Dior and Chanel, and of many well-known fashion designers, including Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Christophe Josse and Christian Lacroix. Paris Fashion Week, held in January and July in the Carrousel du Louvre and other city locations, is among the top four events of the international fashion calendar, along with the fashion weeks in Milan, London and New York. Paris is also the home of the world's largest cosmetics company, L'Oréal, and three of the five top global makers of luxury fashion accessories; Louis Vuitton, Hermés and Cartier. ", "precise_score": -8.581077575683594, "rough_score": -8.685665130615234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paris" } ]

[ { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Still the term was largely unknown until the early 1990s when Anita Hill witnessed and testified against Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas. Since Hill testified in 1991, the number of sexual harassment cases reported in US and Canada increased 58 percent and have climbed steadily.", "precise_score": 0.26907452940940857, "rough_score": 0.009043603204190731, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sexual harassment" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Anita Faye Hill (born July 30, 1956) is an American attorney and academic. She is a University Professor of Social Policy, Law, and Women's Studies at Brandeis University and a faculty member of Brandeis' Heller School for Social Policy and Management. She became a national figure in 1991 when she accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas, her boss at the U.S. Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, of sexual harassment.", "precise_score": -2.0628483295440674, "rough_score": -4.45571231842041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas, by then a federal Circuit Judge, to succeed retiring Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall on the Supreme Court. Senate hearings on his confirmation were initially completed with Thomas's good character being presented as a primary qualification for the high court because he had only been a judge for slightly more than one year. There had been little organized opposition to Thomas's nomination, and his confirmation seemed assured until a report of a private interview of Hill by the FBI was leaked to the press. The hearings were then reopened, and Hill was called to publicly testify. Hill said in the October 1991 televised hearings that Thomas had sexually harassed her while he was her supervisor at the Department of Education and the EEOC. When questioned on why she followed Thomas to the second job after he had already allegedly harassed her, she said working in a reputable position within the civil rights field had been her ambition. The position was appealing enough to inhibit her to go back into private practice with her previous firm. She only realized later in her life that this ambitious venture was a poor judgement and also explained that \"at that time, it appeared that the sexual overtures ... had ended.\" ", "precise_score": 0.3356718122959137, "rough_score": -0.8804953694343567, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "High-tech lynching", "passage": "Hill agreed to take a polygraph test. The results supported the veracity of her statements; Thomas declined the test. He made a vehement and complete denial, saying that he was being subjected to a \"high-tech lynching for uppity blacks\" by white liberals who were seeking to block a black conservative from taking a seat on the Supreme Court. After extensive debate, the United States Senate confirmed Thomas to the Supreme Court by a vote of 52–48, the narrowest margin since the 19th century.", "precise_score": 0.4592806100845337, "rough_score": -5.042201519012451, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "The manner in which the all-male Senate Judiciary Committee challenged and dismissed Hill's accusations of sexual harassment angered women politicians and lawyers. According to D.C. Congressional Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, Hill's treatment by the panel also said to be a contributing factor to the large number of women elected to Congress in 1992, \"women clearly went to the polls with the notion in mind that you had to have more women in Congress\", she said. In their anthology, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave, editors Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell Scott and Barbara Smith described black feminists mobilizing \"a remarkable national response to the Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas controversy.", "precise_score": -3.639169931411743, "rough_score": -1.1228747367858887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Racial, ethnic, and gender diversity began to increase in the late 20th century. Thurgood Marshall became the first African American justice in 1967. Sandra Day O'Connor became the first female justice in 1981. Antonin Scalia became the first Italian-American to serve on the Court in 1986. Marshall was succeeded by African American Clarence Thomas in 1991. O'Connor was joined by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1993. After O'Connor's retirement Ginsburg was joined in 2009 by Sonia Sotomayor, the first Latina justice, and in 2010 by Elena Kagan, for a total of four female justices in the Court's history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.722901344299316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "She was admitted to the District of Columbia Bar in 1980 and began her law career as an associate with the Washington, D.C. firm of Wald, Harkrader & Ross. In 1981, she became an attorney-adviser to Clarence Thomas who was then the Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights. When Thomas became Chairman of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in 1982, Hill went along to serve as his assistant, leaving the job in 1983.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.03433895111084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Clarence Thomas controversy ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.151708602905273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 2007, Clarence Thomas published his autobiography, My Grandfather's Son, in which he revisited the controversy, calling Hill his \"most traitorous adversary\" and saying that pro-choice liberals, who feared that he would vote to overturn Roe v. Wade if he were seated on the Supreme Court, used the scandal against him. He described Hill as touchy and apt to overreact, and her work at the EEOC as mediocre. He acknowledged that three other former EEOC employees had backed Hill's story, but said they had all left the agency on bad terms. He also wrote that Hill \"was a left-winger who'd never expressed any religious sentiments whatsoever...and the only reason why she'd held a job in the Reagan administration was because I'd given it to her.\" Hill denied the accusations in an op-ed in the New York Times saying she would not \"stand by silently and allow [Justice Thomas], in his anger, to reinvent me\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.91850471496582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 1995 Hill co-edited Race, Gender and Power in America: The Legacy of the Hill-Thomas Hearings with Emma Coleman Jordan. In 1997 Hill published her autobiography, Speaking Truth to Power, in which she chronicled her role in the Clarence Thomas confirmation controversy and wrote that creating a better society had been a motivating force in her life. She contributed the piece \"The Nature of the Beast: Sexual Harassment\" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan. In 2011 Hill published her second book, Reimagining Equality: Stories of Gender, Race, and Finding Home, which focuses on the sub-prime lending crisis that resulted in the foreclosure of many homes owned by African-Americans. She calls for a new understanding about the importance of a home and its place in the American Dream. On March 26, 2015, the Brandeis Board of Trustees unanimously voted to recognize Hill with a promotion to Private University Professor of Social Policy, Law, and Women's Studies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.732799530029297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 1999, Ernest Dickerson directed Strange Justice, a film based on Anita vs. Clarence Thomas controversy. Her case also inspired the 1994 Law & Order episode \"Virtue\", about a young lawyer who feels pressured to sleep with her supervisor at her law firm. Hill was the subject of the 2013 documentary film Anita by director Freida Lee Mock, which chronicles her experience during the Clarence Thomas scandal. Hill was portrayed by actress Kerry Washington in the 2016 HBO film Confirmation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.733345985412598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anita Hill" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "On July 1, 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas for the Supreme Court of the United States to replace Thurgood Marshall, who had announced his retirement. The nomination proceedings were contentious from the start, especially over the issue of abortion, and many women's groups and civil rights groups opposed Thomas on the basis of his conservative political views, as they had also opposed Bush's Supreme Court nominee from the previous year, David Souter. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.117070198059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu promised that Bush would fill the next Supreme Court vacancy with a \"true conservative\" and predicted a \"knock-down, drag-out, bloody-knuckles, grass-roots fight\" over confirmation. On July 1, 1991, President Bush nominated Clarence Thomas to replace Marshall, who had recently announced his retirement. By then, Thomas had been a federal judge for 16 months. He had not previously argued before the Court, though that has not been a traditional requirement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.831657409667969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Ten years earlier, in 1981, Hill had become an attorney-adviser to Clarence Thomas at the United States Department of Education (ED). When Thomas became Chairman of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in 1982, Hill went with Thomas to serve as his special assistant until she quit in mid-1983. Hill alleged in her 1991 testimony that it was during her employment at ED and EEOC that Thomas made sexually provocative statements.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.358796119689941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Another former Thomas assistant, Sukari Hardnett, did not accuse Thomas of sexual harassment, but told the Judiciary Committee staff that \"if you were young, black, female, reasonably attractive and worked directly for Clarence Thomas, you knew full well you were being inspected and auditioned as a female.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.071319580078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Clarence Thomas testimony", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280043601989746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Clarence Thomas also stated that, \"This is a case in which this sleaze, this dirt, was searched for by staffers of members of this committee. It was then leaked to the media. And this committee and this body validated it and displayed it in prime time over our entire nation.\" He called the hearing a type of \"high tech lynching\": ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.301255226135254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Several witnesses testified in support of Clarence Thomas and rebutted Hill's testimony. Phone logs were also submitted into the record showing contact between Hill and Thomas in the years after she left the EEOC. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01648998260498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Nancy Altman who worked with Hill and Thomas at the Department of Education testified that, \"It is not credible that Clarence Thomas could have engaged in the kinds of behavior that Anita Hill alleges, without any of the women who he worked closest with—dozens of us, we could spend days having women come up, his secretaries, his chief of staff, his other assistants, his colleagues—without any of us having sensed, seen or heard something.\" Senator Alan K. Simpson was puzzled by why Hill and Thomas met, dined, and spoke by phone on various occasions after they no longer worked together. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.818068504333496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "Strange Justice was a finalist for the National Book Award in 1994 and received an extraordinary amount of media attention. Conservatives like John O’Sullivan panned the book, while liberals such as Mark Tushnet praised it, saying it established \"that Clarence Thomas lied\" during the hearings. Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times called the book character assassination: “I don't care if Clarence Thomas had an inflatable doll on his sofa and a framed autograph from Long Dong Silver on the wall. Just because a man has an immature interest in dirty stuff doesn't mean he harassed anyone.” ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.254963874816895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" }, { "answer": "Clarence Thomas", "passage": "In 2007, Clarence Thomas published his memoirs, also revisiting the Anita Hill controversy. He described her as touchy and apt to overreact, and described her work at the EEOC as mediocre. He wrote:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.56192684173584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination" } ]

[ { "answer": "William H. Seward", "passage": "Reactions to the purchase in the United States were mostly positive; some opponents called it \"Seward's Folly\" (after Secretary of State William H. Seward), while many others praised the move for weakening both Britain and Russia as rivals to American commercial expansion in the Pacific region. The purchase threatened British control of its Pacific coast colony, giving added impetus to Canadian Confederation, which was realized just three months later, in July 1867. The Dominion of Canada would welcome British Columbia to confederation in 1871, ending US hopes of annexation and an uninterrupted connection of Alaska to the United States. ", "precise_score": 1.482838749885559, "rough_score": 1.363675832748413, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alaska Purchase" }, { "answer": "William H. Seward", "passage": "William H. Seward, the United States Secretary of State, negotiated the Alaska Purchase (also known as Seward's Folly) with the Russians in 1867 for $7.2 million. Alaska was loosely governed by the military initially, and was administered as a district starting in 1884, with a governor appointed by the President of the United States. A federal district court was headquartered in Sitka.", "precise_score": 5.882429122924805, "rough_score": 6.546227931976318, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alaska" }, { "answer": "William H. Seward", "passage": "Historian Donald described the speech as a \"superb political move for an unannounced candidate, to appear in one rival's (William H. Seward) own state at an event sponsored by the second rival's (Salmon P. Chase) loyalists, while not mentioning either by name during its delivery\". In response to an inquiry about his presidential intentions, Lincoln said, \"The taste is in my mouth a little.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.298319816589355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Abraham Lincoln" }, { "answer": "William H. Seward", "passage": "On May 18, at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, Lincoln's friends promised and manipulated and won the nomination on the third ballot, beating candidates such as William H. Seward and Salmon P. Chase. A former Democrat, Hannibal Hamlin of Maine, was nominated for Vice President to balance the ticket. Lincoln's success depended on his reputation as a moderate on the slavery issue, and his strong support for Whiggish programs of internal improvements and the protective tariff. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.709446907043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Abraham Lincoln" }, { "answer": "William Henry Seward", "passage": "William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as Governor of New York and United States Senator. A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War, he was a dominant figure in the Republican Party in its formative years. Although regarded as the leading contender for the party's presidential nomination in 1860, he was defeated by Abraham Lincoln.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9064693450927734, "source": "wiki", "title": "William H. Seward" }, { "answer": "William H. Seward", "passage": "William Seward rests with his wife Frances and daughter Fanny (1844-1866), in Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn. They had three surviving sons, Augustus Henry Seward (1826-1876), William H. Seward, Jr. (1839-1920) (both of whom had served as Union officers before successful business careers) and Frederick William Seward (1830-1915) (who served under his father in the State Department) and one daughter, Cornelia or Frances Seward (1836 - 1837). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.999312400817871, "source": "wiki", "title": "William H. Seward" } ]

[ { "answer": "President Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "The building was originally referred to variously as the \"President's Palace\", \"Presidential Mansion\", or \"President's House\". The earliest evidence of the public calling it the \"White House\" was recorded in 1811. A myth emerged that during the rebuilding of the structure after the Burning of Washington, white paint was applied to mask the burn damage it had suffered, giving the building its namesake hue. The name \"Executive Mansion\" was used in official contexts until President Theodore Roosevelt established the formal name by having \"White House–Washington\" engraved on the stationery in 1901. The current letterhead wording and arrangement \"The White House\" with the word \"Washington\" centered beneath goes back to the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.", "precise_score": 5.419952869415283, "rough_score": 3.6793465614318848, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "Theodore roosevelt", "passage": "Perhaps the most important of all presidential powers is the command of the United States Armed Forces as its commander-in-chief. While the power to declare war is constitutionally vested in Congress, the president has ultimate responsibility for direction and disposition of the military. The present-day operational command of the Armed Forces (belonging to the Department of Defense) is normally exercised through the Secretary of Defense, with assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to the Combatant Commands, as outlined in the presidentially approved Unified Command Plan (UCP). The framers of the Constitution took care to limit the president's powers regarding the military; Alexander Hamilton explains this in Federalist No. 69: Congress, pursuant to the War Powers Resolution, must authorize any troop deployments longer than 60 days, although that process relies on triggering mechanisms that have never been employed, rendering it ineffectual. Additionally, Congress provides a check to presidential military power through its control over military spending and regulation. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, critics have charged that there have been several conflicts in which presidents did not get official declarations, including Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the invasions of Grenada in 1983 and Panama in 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.611565589904785, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Theodore roosevelt", "passage": "The term of office for president and vice president is four years. George Washington, the first president, set an unofficial precedent of serving only two terms, which subsequent presidents followed until 1940. Before Franklin D. Roosevelt, attempts at a third term were encouraged by supporters of Ulysses S. Grant and Theodore Roosevelt; neither of these attempts succeeded. In 1940, Franklin D. Roosevelt declined to seek a third term, but allowed his political party to \"draft\" him as its presidential candidate and was subsequently elected to a third term. In 1941, the United States entered World War II, leading voters to elect Roosevelt to a fourth term in 1944. But Roosevelt died only 82 days after taking office for the fourth term on 12 April 1945.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.923612594604492, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "President Theodore Roosevelt", "passage": "Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. In the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8633229732513428, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" }, { "answer": "Theodore roosevelt", "passage": "However, in 1902 Theodore Roosevelt hired McKim, Mead & White to carry out expansions and renovations in a neoclassical style suited to the building's architecture, removing the Tiffany screen and all Victorian additions. Charles McKim himself designed and managed the project, which gave more living space to the President's large family by removing a staircase in the West Hall and moving executive office staff from the second floor of the residence into the new West Wing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.717854976654053, "source": "wiki", "title": "White House" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs, bed-bugs, or bedbugs are parasitic insects of the cimicid family that feed exclusively on blood. Cimex lectularius, the common bed bug, is the best known as it prefers to feed on human blood. Other Cimex species specialize in other animals, e.g., bat bugs, such as Cimex pipistrelli (Europe), Cimex pilosellus (western US), and Cimex adjunctus (entire eastern US). ", "precise_score": 6.993831157684326, "rough_score": 6.642370700836182, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The name \"bed bug\" derives from the preferred habitat of Cimex lectularius: warm houses and especially near or inside beds and bedding or other sleep areas. Bed bugs are mainly active at night, but are not exclusively nocturnal. They usually feed on their hosts without being noticed.", "precise_score": 1.203287959098816, "rough_score": -1.811409592628479, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Cimex lectularius", "passage": "Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus mate with each other given the opportunity, but the eggs then produced are usually sterile. In a 1988 study, one of 479 eggs was fertile and resulted in a hybrid, Cimex hemipterus × lectularius. ", "precise_score": 0.9087590575218201, "rough_score": -1.1306742429733276, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Cimex lectularius males have environmental microbes on their genitals. These microbes damage sperm cells, leaving them unable to fertilize female gametes. Due to these dangerous microbes, males have evolved antimicrobial ejaculate substances that prevent sperm damage. When the microbes contact sperm or the male genitals, the bed bug releases antimicrobial substances. Many species of these microbes live in the bodies of females after mating. The microbes can cause infections in the females. It has been suggested that females receive benefit from the ejaculate. Though the benefit is not direct, females are able to produce more eggs than optimum increasing the amount of the females' genes in the gene pool. ", "precise_score": -0.8623360991477966, "rough_score": -1.8558573722839355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Cimex lectularius", "passage": "Image:Cimex lectularius 3.jpg|Slide of Cimex lectularius", "precise_score": 0.468402624130249, "rough_score": -1.565362572669983, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Image:Bed bug nymph, Cimex lectularius.jpg|A bed bug nymph feeding on a host", "precise_score": 0.93784099817276, "rough_score": -4.463132381439209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Cimex lectularius", "passage": "Image:Cimex lectularius2.jpg|Blood-fed C. lectularius (note the differences in color with respect to digestion of blood meal)\t", "precise_score": -0.6161338686943054, "rough_score": -2.0787997245788574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Sexual dimorphism occurs in C. lectularius, with the females larger in size than the males on average. The abdomens of the sexes differ in that the males appear to have \"pointed\" abdomens, which are actually their copulatory organs, while females have more rounded abdomens. Since males are attracted to large body size, any bed bug with a recent blood meal can be seen as a potential mate. However, males will mount unfed, flat females on occasion. The female is able to curl her abdomen forward and underneath toward the head to not mate. Males are generally unable to discriminate between the sexes until after mounting, but before inseminating. ", "precise_score": -6.328367233276367, "rough_score": -8.495349884033203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "C. lectularius only feeds every five to seven days, which suggests that it does not spend the majority of its life searching for a host. When a bed bug is starved, it leaves its shelter and searches for a host. If it successfully feeds, it returns to its shelter. If it does not feed, it continues to search for a host. After searching—regardless of whether or not it has eaten—the bed bug returns to the shelter to aggregate before the photophase (period of light during a day-night cycle). Reis argues that two reasons explain why C. lectularius would return to its shelter and aggregate after feeding. One is to find a mate and the other is to find shelter to avoid getting smashed after eating. ", "precise_score": -4.239646911621094, "rough_score": -8.44615364074707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "C. lectularius aggregates under all life stages and mating conditions. Bed bugs may choose to aggregate because of predation, resistance to desiccation, and more opportunities to find a mate. Airborne pheromones are responsible for aggregations. Another source of aggregation could be the recognition of other C. lectularius bugs through mechanoreceptors located on their antennae. Aggregations are formed and disbanded based on the associated cost and benefits. Females are more often found separate from the aggregation than males. Females are more likely to expand the population range and find new sites. Active female dispersal can account for treatment failures. Males, when found in areas with few females, abandon an aggregation to find a new mate. The males excrete an aggregation pheromone into the air that attracts virgin females and arrests other males. ", "precise_score": -2.8807437419891357, "rough_score": -7.532147407531738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs can exist singly, but tend to congregate once established. Though strictly parasitic, they spend only a tiny fraction of their lifecycles physically attached to hosts. Once a bed bug finishes feeding, it relocates to a place close to a known host, commonly in or near beds or couches in clusters of adults, juveniles, and eggs—which entomologists call harborage areas or simply harborages to which the insect returns after future feedings by following chemical trails. These places can vary greatly in format, including luggage, inside of vehicles, within furniture, amongst bedside clutter—even inside electrical sockets and nearby laptop computers. Bed bugs may also nest near animals that have nested within a dwelling, such as bats, birds, or rodents. They are also capable of surviving on domestic cats and dogs, though humans are the preferred host of C. lectularius. ", "precise_score": -1.3579883575439453, "rough_score": -3.2171456813812256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The common bed bug (C. lectularius) is the species best adapted to human environments. It is found in temperate climates throughout the world. Other species include Cimex hemipterus, found in tropical regions, which also infests poultry and bats, and Leptocimex boueti, found in the tropics of West Africa and South America, which infests bats and humans. Cimex pilosellus and Cimex pipistrella primarily infest bats, while Haematosiphon inodora, a species of North America, primarily infests poultry. ", "precise_score": 3.5356950759887695, "rough_score": 2.8102338314056396, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control, as in research for companies to produce insecticides, but increasingly rely on methods of biological pest control, or biocontrol. Biocontrol uses one organism to reduce the population density of another organism — the pest — and is considered a key element of integrated pest management. ", "precise_score": -7.269315719604492, "rough_score": -5.5855560302734375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Insect" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "A number of adverse health effects may result from bed bug bites, including skin rashes, psychological effects, and allergic symptoms. Bed bugs are not known to transmit any pathogens as disease vectors. Certain signs and symptoms suggest the presence of bed bugs; finding the adult insects confirms the diagnosis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.487878799438477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs have been known as human parasites for thousands of years. At a point in the early 1940s, they were mostly eradicated in the developed world, but have increased in prevalence since 1995, likely due to pesticide resistance, governmental bans on effective pesticides, and international travel. Because infestation of human habitats has begun to increase, bed bug bites and related conditions have been on the rise as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.673940658569336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Diagnosis of an infestation involves both finding bed bugs and the occurrence of compatible symptoms. Treatment involves the elimination of the insect (including its eggs) and taking measures to treat symptoms until they resolve.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.899788856506348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bug bites or cimicosis may lead to a range of skin manifestations from no visible effects to prominent blisters. Effects include skin rashes, psychological effects, and allergic symptoms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.533555030822754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Although bed bugs can be infected with at least 28 human pathogens, no studies have found that the insects are capable of transmitting any of these to humans. They have been found with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), but the significance of this is still unknown. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.937217712402344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Investigations into potential transmission of HIV, MRSA, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis E have not shown that bed bugs can spread these diseases. However, arboviruses may be transmissible. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.147102355957031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Adult bed bugs are light brown to reddish-brown, flattened, oval-shaped, and have no hind wings. The front wings are vestigial and reduced to pad-like structures. Bed bugs have segmented abdomens with microscopic hairs that give them a banded appearance. Adults grow to 4 - long and wide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.793889045715332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Newly hatched nymphs are translucent, lighter in color, and become browner as they moult and reach maturity. A bed bug nymph of any age that has just consumed a blood meal has a bright red, translucent abdomen, fading to brown over the next several hours, and to opaque black within two days as the insect digests its meal. Bed bugs may be mistaken for other insects, such as booklice, small cockroaches, or carpet beetles; however, when warm and active, their movements are more ant-like and, like most other true bugs, they emit a characteristic disagreeable odor when crushed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.317418098449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs use pheromones and kairomones to communicate regarding nesting locations, feeding, and reproduction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.291407585144043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The lifespan of bed bugs varies by species and is also dependent on feeding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06147289276123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs can survive a wide range of temperatures and atmospheric compositions. Below , adults enter semihibernation and can survive longer; they can survive for at least five days at , but die after 15 minutes of exposure to . Common commercial and residential freezers reach temperatures low enough to kill most life stages of bed bug, with 95% mortality after 3 days at . They show high desiccation tolerance, surviving low humidity and a 35–40 °C range even with loss of one-third of body weight; earlier life stages are more susceptible to drying out than later ones. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.110258102416992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The thermal death point for C. lectularius is 45 C; all stages of life are killed by 7 minutes of exposure to 46 C. Bed bugs apparently cannot survive high concentrations of carbon dioxide for very long; exposure to nearly pure nitrogen atmospheres, however, appears to have relatively little effect even after 72 hours. (abstracted from a poster presentation in Prague, 19–22 Jul)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.935247421264648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs are obligatory hematophagous (bloodsucking) insects. Most species feed on humans only when other prey are unavailable. They obtain all the additional moisture they need from water vapor in the surrounding air. Bed bugs are attracted to their hosts primarily by carbon dioxide, secondarily by warmth, and also by certain chemicals. Bedbugs prefer exposed skin, preferably the face, neck, and arms of a sleeping person.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.058332443237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bedbug", "passage": "Bedbugs have mouth parts that saw through the skin, and inject saliva with anticoagulants and painkillers. Sensitivity of humans varies from extreme allergic reaction to no reaction at all (about 20%). The bite usually produces a swelling with no red spot, but when many bugs feed on a small area, reddish spots may appear after the swelling subsides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.938919067382812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Although under certain cool conditions adult bed bugs can live for over a year without feeding, under typically warm conditions they try to feed at five- to ten-day intervals, and adults can survive for about five months without food. Younger instars cannot survive nearly as long, though even the vulnerable newly hatched first instars can survive for weeks without taking a blood meal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.276209831237793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "At the 57th annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America in 2009, newer generations of pesticide-resistant bed bugs in Virginia were reported to survive only two months without feeding. citing", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.986807823181152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "DNA from human blood meals can be recovered from bed bugs for up to 90 days, which mean they can be used for forensic purposes in identifying on whom the bed bugs have fed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.413030624389648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "A bed bug pierces the skin of its host with a stylet fascicle, rostrum, or \"beak\". The rostrum is composed of the maxillae and mandibles, which have been modified into elongated shapes from a basic, ancestral style. The right and left maxillary stylets are connected at their midline and a section at the centerline forms a large food canal and a smaller salivary canal. The entire maxillary and mandibular bundle penetrates the skin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.34821605682373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The mandibular stylet tips have small teeth, and through alternately moving these stylets back and forth, the insect cuts a path through tissue for the maxillary bundle to reach an appropriately sized blood vessel. Pressure from the blood vessel itself fills the insect with blood in three to five minutes. The bug then withdraws the stylet bundle from the feeding position and retracts it back into the labial groove, folds the entire unit back under the head, and returns to its hiding place. It takes between five and ten minutes for a bed bug to become completely engorged with blood. In all, the insect may spend less than 20 minutes in physical contact with its host, and does not try to feed again until it has either completed a moult or, if an adult, has thoroughly digested the meal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.668392181396484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "All bed bugs mate by traumatic insemination. Female bed bugs possess a reproductive tract that functions during oviposition, but the male does not use this tract for sperm insemination. Instead, the male pierces the female's abdomen with his hypodermic penis and ejaculates into the body cavity. In all bed bug species except Primicimex cavernis, sperm are injected into the mesospermalege, a component of the spermalege, a secondary genital structure that reduces the wounding and immunological costs of traumatic insemination. Injected sperm travel via the haemolymph (blood) to sperm storage structures called seminal conceptacles, with fertilisation eventually taking place at the ovaries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35582160949707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Male bed bugs sometimes attempt to mate with other males and pierce their abdomens. This behaviour occurs because sexual attraction in bed bugs is based primarily on size, and males mount any freshly fed partner regardless of sex. The \"bed bug alarm pheromone\" consists of (E)-2-octenal and (E)-2-hexenal. It is released when a bed bug is disturbed, as during an attack by a predator. A 2009 study demonstrated the alarm pheromone is also released by male bed bugs to repel other males that attempt to mate with them.Ryne, C. In press. \"Homosexual interactions in bed bugs: Alarm pheromones as male recognition signals.\" Animal Behaviour. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.397575378417969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "In C. lectularius, males sometimes mount other males because male sexual interest is directed at any recently fed individual regardless of their sex, but unfed females may also be mounted. Traumatic insemination is the only way for copulation to occur in bed bugs. Females have evolved the spermalege to protect themselves from wounding and infection. Because males lack this organ, traumatic insemination could leave them badly injured. For this reason, males have evolved alarm pheromones to signal their sex to other males. If a male C. lectularius mounts another male, the mounted male releases the pheromone signal and the male on top stops before insemination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.952752113342285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs have five immature nymph life stages and a final sexually mature adult stage. They shed their skins through ecdysis at each stage, discarding their outer exoskeleton, which is somewhat clear, empty exoskeletons of the bugs themselves. Bed bugs must molt six times before becoming fertile adults, and must consume at least one blood meal to complete each moult. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.222224235534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Each of the immature stages lasts about a week, depending on temperature and the availability of food, and the complete lifecycle can be completed in as little as two months (rather long compared to other ectoparasites). Fertilized females with enough food lay three to four eggs each day continually until the end of their lifespans (about nine months under warm conditions), possibly generating as many as 500 eggs in this time. Genetic analysis has shown that a single pregnant bed bug, possibly a single survivor of eradication, can be responsible for an entire infestation over a matter of weeks, rapidly producing generations of offspring.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297050476074219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Image:bedbug1.JPG|Bed bug (4 mm length; 2.5 mm width), shown in a film roll plastic container, on the right is the recently sloughed skin from its nymph stage", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.387847900390625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs can also be detected by their characteristic smell of rotting raspberries. Bed bug detection dogs are trained to pinpoint infestations, with a possible accuracy rate between 11% and 83%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.314579963684082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Eradication of bed bugs frequently requires a combination of nonpesticide approaches and the occasional use of pesticides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.243962287902832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Mechanical approaches, such as vacuuming up the insects and heat-treating or wrapping mattresses, are effective. A combination of heat and drying treatments is most effective. An hour at a temperature of 45 C or over, or two hours at less than kills them; a domestic clothes drier or steam kills bedbugs. Another study found 100% mortality rates for bed bugs exposed to temperatures greater than 50 C for more than 2 minutes. Starving them is difficult as they can survive without eating for 100 to 300 days, depending on temperature. For public health reasons, individuals are encouraged to call a professional pest control service to eradicate bed bugs in a home, rather than attempting to do it themselves, particularly if they live in a multifamily building. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.780341148376465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": ", no truly effective pesticides were available. Pesticides that have historically been found effective include pyrethroids, dichlorvos, and malathion. Resistance to pesticides has increased significantly over time, and harm to health from their use is of concern. The carbamate insecticide propoxur is highly toxic to bed bugs, but it has potential toxicity to children exposed to it, and the US Environmental Protection Agency has been reluctant to approve it for indoor use. Boric acid, occasionally applied as a safe indoor insecticide, is not effective against bed bugs because they do not groom. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is being researched for its ability to control bed bugs. As bed bugs continue to adapt pesticide resistance, researchers have examined on the insect's genome to see how the adaptations develop and to look for potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited in the growth and development phases. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.511439323425293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Natural enemies of bed bugs include the masked hunter insect (also known as \"masked bed bug hunter\"), cockroaches, ants, spiders (particularly Thanatus flavidus), mites, and centipedes (particularly the house centipede Scutigera coleoptrata). However, biological pest control is not considered practical for eliminating bed bugs from human dwellings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.618974685668945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs occur around the world. pmid 19362691 Rates of infestations in developed countries, while decreasing from the 1930s to the 1980s, have increased dramatically since the 1980s. Previously, they were common in the developing world, but rare in the developed world. The increase in the developed world may have been caused by increased international travel, resistance to insecticides, and the use of new pest-control methods that do not affect bed bugs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.836207389831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The fall in bed bug populations after the 1930s in the developed world is believed partly due to the use of DDT to kill cockroaches. The invention of the vacuum cleaner and simplification of furniture design may have also played a role. Others believe it might simply be the cyclical nature of the organism. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.027131080627441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The exact causes of this resurgence remain unclear; it is variously ascribed to greater foreign travel, increased immigration from the developing world to the developed world, more frequent exchange of second-hand furnishings among homes, a greater focus on control of other pests, resulting in neglect of bed bug countermeasures, and increasing resistance to pesticides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544156074523926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": " Declines in household cockroach populations that have resulted from the use of insecticides effective against this major bed bug predator have aided the bed bugs' resurgence, as have bans on DDT and other potent pesticides. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.671896934509277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs were mentioned in ancient Greece as early as 400 BC, and were later mentioned by Aristotle. Pliny's Natural History, first published circa 77 AD in Rome, claimed bed bugs had medicinal value in treating ailments such as snake bites and ear infections. (Belief in the medicinal use of bed bugs persisted until at least the 18th century, when Guettard recommended their use in the treatment of hysteria. )", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.971277236938477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs were first mentioned in Germany in the 11th century, in France in the 13th century, and in England in 1583, though they remained rare in England until 1670. Some in the 18th century believed bed bugs had been brought to London with supplies of wood to rebuild the city after the Great Fire of London (1666). Giovanni Antonio Scopoli noted their presence in Carniola (roughly equivalent to present-day Slovenia) in the 18th century. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04038143157959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Traditional methods of repelling and/or killing bed bugs include the use of plants, fungi, and insects (or their extracts), such as black pepper; black cohosh (Actaea racemosa); Pseudarthria hookeri; Laggera alata (Chinese yángmáo cǎo | 羊毛草); Eucalyptus saligna oil; henna (Lawsonia inermis or camphire); \"infused oil of Melolontha vulgaris\" (presumably cockchafer); fly agaric (Amanita muscaria); Actaea spp. (e.g. black cohosh); tobacco; \"heated oil of Terebinthina\" (i.e. true turpentine); wild mint (Mentha arvensis); narrow-leaved pepperwort (Lepidium ruderale); Myrica spp. (e.g. bayberry); Robert geranium (Geranium robertianum); bugbane (Cimicifuga spp.); \"herb and seeds of Cannabis\"; \"opulus\" berries (possibly maple or European cranberrybush); masked hunter bugs (Reduvius personatus), \"and many others\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.51623821258545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "In the mid-19th century, smoke from peat fires was recommended as an indoor domestic fumigant against bed bugs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40860366821289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Dusts have been used to ward off insects from grain storage for centuries, including \"plant ash, lime, dolomite, certain types of soil, and diatomaceous earth or Kieselguhr\". Of these, diatomaceous earth in particular has seen a revival as a nontoxic (when in amorphous form) residual pesticide for bed bug abatement. While diatomaceous earth performed poorly, silica gel may be effective. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.045247077941895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bedbug", "passage": "Bean leaves have been used historically to trap bedbugs in houses in Eastern Europe. The trichomes on the bean leaves capture the insects by impaling the feet (tarsi) of the insects. The leaves are then destroyed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.637869834899902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Prior to the mid-20th century, bed bugs were very common. According to a report by the UK Ministry of Health, in 1933, all the houses in many areas had some degree of bed bug infestation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26610279083252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": " The increase in bed bug populations in the early 20th century has been attributed to the advent of electric heating, which allowed bed bugs to thrive year-round instead of only in warm weather. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341561317443848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bugs were a serious problem at U.S. military bases during World War II. Initially, the problem was solved by fumigation, using Zyklon Discoids that released hydrogen cyanide gas, a rather dangerous procedure. Later, DDT was used to good effect as a safer alternative.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.085371017456055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The decline of bed bug populations in the 20th century is often credited to potent pesticides that had not previously been widely available. Other contributing factors that are less frequently mentioned in news reports are increased public awareness and slum clearance programs that combined pesticide use with steam disinfection, relocation of slum dwellers to new housing, and in some cases also follow-up inspections for several months after relocated tenants moved into their new housing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.902506828308105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "Bed bug infestations resurged since the 1980s for reasons that are not clear, but contributing factors may be complacency, increased resistance, bans on pesticides, and increased international travel. The U.S. National Pest Management Association reported a 71% increase in bed bug calls between 2000 and 2005. The number of reported incidents in New York City alone rose from 500 in 2004 to 10,000 in 2009. In 2013, Chicago was listed as the number 1 city in the United States with the worst bed bug infestation. As a result, the Chicago City Council passed a bed bug control ordinance to limit their spread. Additionally, bed bugs are reaching places in which they never established before, such as southern South America. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.107805252075195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "One recent theory about bed bug reappearance in the US is that they never truly disappeared, but may have been forced to alternative hosts. Consistent with this is the finding that bed bug DNA shows no evidence of an evolutionary bottleneck. Furthermore, investigators have found high populations of bed bugs at poultry facilities in Arkansas. Poultry workers at these facilities may be spreading bed bugs, unknowingly carrying them to their places of residence and elsewhere after leaving work. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190381050109863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The saying \"Good night, sleep tight, don't let the bed bugs bite\" is common for parents to say to young children before they go to sleep. In Chhattisgarh, India, bed bugs have been used as a traditional medicine for epilepsy, piles, alopecia, and urinary disorders, but this practice has no scientific basis. Bed bug secretions can inhibit the growth of some bacteria and fungi; antibacterial components from the bed bug could be used against human pathogens, and be a source of pharmacologically active molecules as a resource for the discovery of new drugs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.729558944702148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The word bug and its earlier spelling bugge originally meant \"bed bug\". Many other creatures are now called \"bugs\", such as the \"ladybug\" (\"ladybird\" outside North America) and the \"potatobug\". The word is used informally for any insect, or even microscopic germs, or diseases caused by these germs, but the earliest recorded use of the actual word \"bug\" referred to a bed bug. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.148472785949707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" }, { "answer": "Bed Bug", "passage": "The term \"bed bug\" may also be spelled \"bedbug\" or \"bed-bug\", though published sources consistently use the unhyphenated two-word name \"bed bug\". The pests have been known by a variety of other informal names, including wall louse, mahogany flat, crimson rambler, chilly billies, heavy dragoon, chinche bug, and redcoat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.644566535949707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bed bug" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Bahamas", "passage": "In the context of emerging Western imperialism and economic competition among European kingdoms through the establishment of trade routes and colonies, Columbus's proposal to reach the East Indies by sailing westward eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown, which saw in it a chance to enter the spice trade with Asia through a new westward route. During his first voyage in 1492, instead of arriving at Japan as he had intended, he reached the New World, landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named \"San Salvador\". Over the course of three more voyages, he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America, claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile.", "precise_score": 2.3911168575286865, "rough_score": -1.9652137756347656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "answer": "The Bahamas", "passage": "Though Columbus was wrong about the number of degrees of longitude that separated Europe from the Far East and about the distance that each degree represented, he did possess valuable knowledge about the trade winds, which would prove to be the key to his successful navigation of the Atlantic Ocean. During his first voyage in 1492, the brisk trade winds from the east, commonly called \"easterlies\", propelled Columbus's fleet for five weeks, from the Canary Islands to The Bahamas. The precise first land sighting and landing point was San Salvador Island. To return to Spain against this prevailing wind would have required several months of an arduous sailing technique, called beating, during which food and drinkable water would probably have been exhausted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.471805572509766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "answer": "The Bahamas", "passage": "Columbus called the island (in what is now The Bahamas) San Salvador; the natives called it Guanahani. Exactly which island in the Bahamas this corresponds to is unresolved. Based on primary accounts and on what one would expect from the geographic positions of the islands given Columbus's course, the prime candidates are San Salvador Island (so named in 1925 on the theory that it was Columbus's San Salvador), Samana Cay, and Plana Cays.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.965925216674805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "answer": "The Bahamas", "passage": "The remaining European colonies in the Caribbean began to achieve peaceful independence well after World War II. Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago became independent in 1962, and Guyana and Barbados both achieved independence in 1966. In the 1970s, the Bahamas, Grenada, Dominica, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines all became independent of the United Kingdom, and Suriname became independent of the Netherlands. Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved independence from the United Kingdom in the 1980s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.919756889343262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Americas" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Great Pumpkin", "passage": "Cartoon tributes have appeared in other comic strips since Schulz' death in 2000, and are now displayed at the Charles Schulz Museum. In May 2000, many cartoonists included a reference to Peanuts in their own strips. Originally planned as a tribute to Schulz' retirement, after his death that February it became a tribute to his life and career. Similarly, on October 30, 2005, several comic strips again included references to Peanuts, and specifically the It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown television special.", "precise_score": -5.531078338623047, "rough_score": -2.6924943923950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "answer": "The Great Pumpkin", "passage": "Peanuts achieved considerable success with its television specials, several of which, including A Charlie Brown Christmas and It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown, won or were nominated for Emmy Awards. The holiday specials remain popular and are currently broadcast on ABC in the U.S. during the corresponding seasons. The Peanuts franchise met acclaim in theatre, with the stage musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown being a successful and often-performed production.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.719537258148193, "source": "wiki", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "answer": "The Great Pumpkin", "passage": "Peanuts had several recurring characters that were actually absent from view. Some, such as the Great Pumpkin or Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron), were merely figments of the cast's imaginations. Others were not imaginary, such as the Little Red-Haired Girl (Charlie Brown's perennial dream girl who finally appeared in 1998, but only in silhouette), Joe Shlabotnik (Charlie Brown's baseball hero), World War II (the vicious cat who lives next door to Snoopy—not to be confused with Frieda's cat, Faron), and Charlie Brown's unnamed pen pal, referred to as his \"pencil-pal\" after Charlie Brown's failed mastery of the fountain pen. Adult figures only appeared in the strip during a four-week Sunday-comic sequence in 1954 in which Lucy plays in an amateur golf tournament, with Charlie Brown \"coaching\" her. At no time, however, were any adult faces seen (it was also in this story that Lucy's family name, \"van Pelt\", was first revealed.) There are adult voices in a few of the strips in its early years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.102935791015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "answer": "The Great Pumpkin", "passage": "The success of A Charlie Brown Christmas was the impetus for CBS to air many more prime-time Peanuts specials over the years, beginning with Charlie Brown's All-Stars and It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown in 1966. In total, more than thirty animated specials were produced. Until his death in 1976, jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi composed musical scores for the specials; in particular, the piece \"Linus and Lucy\" which has become popularly known as the signature theme song of the Peanuts franchise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9494075775146484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Peanuts" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "Eight Men Out is a 1988 sports drama film based on Eliot Asinof's 1963 book Eight Men Out: The Black Sox and the 1919 World Series. It was written and directed by John Sayles. The film is a dramatization of Major League Baseball's Black Sox scandal, in which six members of the Chicago White Sox conspired with gamblers to intentionally lose the 1919 World Series. Much of the movie was filmed at the old Bush Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. ", "precise_score": 5.764845371246338, "rough_score": 4.565927505493164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Eight Men Out" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "\"Eight Men Out is an oddly unfocused movie made of earth tones, sidelong glances and eliptic[sic] conversations. It tells the story of how the stars of the 1919 Chicago White Sox team took payoffs from gamblers to throw the World Series, but if you are not already familiar with that story you're unlikely to understand it after seeing this film.\" ", "precise_score": 4.379601955413818, "rough_score": 4.321436882019043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Eight Men Out" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "The 1919 World Series matched the American League champion Chicago White Sox against the National League champion Cincinnati Reds. Although most World Series have been of the best-of-seven format, the 1919 World Series was a best-of-nine series (along with , , and ). Baseball decided to try the best-of-nine format partly to increase popularity of the sport and partly to generate more revenue. ", "precise_score": 0.06338758021593094, "rough_score": 2.183748960494995, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "The White Sox", "passage": "The events of the series are often associated with the Black Sox Scandal, when several members of the Chicago franchise conspired with gamblers to throw (i.e., intentionally lose) the World Series games. The 1919 World Series was the last World Series to take place without a Commissioner of Baseball in place. In 1920, the various franchise owners installed Kenesaw Mountain Landis as the first \"Commissioner of Baseball.\" In August 1920, six players from the White Sox were banned from organized baseball for fixing the series (or having knowledge about the fix).", "precise_score": -0.8483957052230835, "rough_score": -0.4697554409503937, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "The White Sox", "passage": "Stories of the \"Black Sox\" scandal have usually included Comiskey in its gallery of subsidiary villains, focusing in particular on his intentions regarding a clause in Cicotte's contract that would have paid Cicotte an additional $10,000 bonus for winning 30 games. According to Eliot Asinof's account of the events, Eight Men Out, Cicotte was \"rested\" for the season's final two weeks after reaching his 29th win presumably to deny him the bonus, but the truth may be more complex. Cicotte won his 29th game on September 19, had an ineffective start on September 24 and was pulled after a few innings in a tuneup on the season's final day, September 28 (three days before the Series opener). In addition, Cicotte reportedly agreed to the fix the same day he won his 29th game before he could have known of any efforts to deny him a chance to win his 30th.[http://www.thediamondangle.com/marasco/hist/cicotte.html Cicotte's 29 Wins in 1919] The story was probably true with regard to the 1917 season, however, when Cicotte won 28 games and hurled the White Sox to the world championship.", "precise_score": -1.0325931310653687, "rough_score": 0.24229250848293304, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "In 1919, the Chicago White Sox are considered the greatest team in baseball and, in fact, one of the greatest ever assembled to that point, behind their greatest star, Joe Jackson. However, the team's owner, Charles Comiskey, is a skinflint with little inclination to reward his players for a spectacular season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.649237632751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Eight Men Out" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "The Chicago White Sox", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.024364471435547, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "The 1919 Chicago White Sox were one of baseball's elite teams. Most of the same players had defeated the New York Giants in the 1917 World Series, four games to two. They had fallen to sixth place in the American League in 1918, largely as a result of losing their best player, Shoeless Joe Jackson, and a few of his teammates as well, to World War I service. Team owner Charlie Comiskey fired manager Pants Rowland after the season, replacing him with Kid Gleason, who had played over twenty years in the majors but had never managed before. The 88–52 White Sox won the American League pennant again in 1919, by games over the Cleveland Indians (world champions the following year).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0822978019714355, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "The White Sox", "passage": "But all was not well in the White Sox camp. Tension between many of the players and owner Comiskey was quite high, given his penny-pinching ways memorialized in two urban legends: (1) that he told Gleason to shut down Cicotte in the last days of the regular season to prevent him from winning 30 games, a milestone which would have earned him a sizeable $10,000 bonus; (2) that many derided the White Sox as the Black Sox because Comiskey wouldn't pay to have their uniforms laundered regularly, and they became blacker and blacker due to accumulated sweat, grime, and dirt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.844270706176758, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "The White Sox", "passage": "In contrast to the White Sox, the 1919 Cincinnati Reds were upstarts. They had finished no higher than third since 1900, and then only twice, before winning the NL pennant handily in 1919. Under new manager Pat Moran, best known as the leader of another bunch of unlikely newcomers to the World Series, the 1915 Philadelphia Phillies, the Reds finished nine games in front of the runner-up New York Giants at 96–44 and at least 20 games ahead of the other six, with the second highest NL won-lost percentage since 1910 at .686.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9899163246154785, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "The White Sox", "passage": "Their greatest star was center fielder Edd Roush, who led the league in hitting at .321 and, like the White Sox's Jackson, was in the top five of their respective leagues in most important hitting categories. Third baseman Heinie Groh was the other great hitter on the team at .310 with a .392 on-base percentage and 79 runs scored. Slick-fielding first baseman Jake Daubert, a two-time National League batting champion with Brooklyn earlier in the decade, also scored 79 runs and hit .276, while catcher Ivey Wingo hit .273. The rest of the team was unheralded, including second baseman Morrie Rath, a .264 hitter with no power but a good on-base percentage, and shortstop Larry Kopf, a .270 singles hitter. The corner outfielders were decidedly weaker hitters, with former Phillies star left fielder Sherry Magee's .215 in 56 games and right fielder Earle \"Greasy\" Neale's .242 with little power. This would prompt Moran to start rookie Pat Duncan in left field in the World Series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.652180671691895, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "The White Sox", "passage": "Although rumors were swirling among the gamblers (according to Tom Meany in his chapter on the 1919 Reds in \"Baseball's Greatest Teams,\" \"Cincinnati money was pouring in\" even though the White Sox were regarded as the overwhelming favorite) and some of the press, most fans and observers were taking the Series at face value. On October 2, the day of Game 2, the Philadelphia Bulletin published a poem which would quickly prove to be ironic:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.07895565032959, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "White Sox", "passage": "Although they had not received their money, the players were still willing to go through with the fix. \"Lefty\" Williams, the starting pitcher in Game 2, was not going to be as obvious as Cicotte. After a shaky start, he pitched well until the fourth inning, when he walked three and gave up as many runs. After that he became virtually unhittable again, giving up only one more run; but lack of clutch-hitting, with Gandil a particularly guilty party, led to a 4–2 White Sox loss. Attell was still in no mood to pay up afterwards, but Burns managed to get hold of $10,000 and gave it to Gandil, who distributed it among the conspirators. The teams headed north to Comiskey Park in Chicago for Game 3 the next day, with no days off for travel in this Series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.487987518310547, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "White Sox", "passage": "Cicotte, the Game 4 White Sox starter, was determined not to look as bad as he had in Game 1. For the first four innings, he and Reds pitcher Jimmy Ring matched zeroes. With one out in the fifth, Cicotte fielded a slow roller by Pat Duncan but threw wildly to first for a two-base error. The next man up, Larry Kopf, singled to left; Cicotte cut off the throw from Jackson and fumbled the ball, allowing Duncan to score. The home crowd was stunned by the veteran pitcher's obvious mistake. When he then gave up a double to Greasy Neale scoring Kopf to make it 2–0, that was enough of a lead for Ring, who threw a three-hit shutout of his own matching Kerr's in Game 3. The Reds led the Series 3–1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.26558780670166, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "The White Sox", "passage": "The Series reverted to Cincinnati for Game 6. Dickie Kerr, starting for the White Sox, was less dominant than in Game 3. Aided and abetted by three errors, the Reds jumped out to a 4–0 lead before Chicago fought back, tying the game at 4–4 in the sixth, which remained the score into extra innings. In the top of the tenth, Gandil drove in Weaver to make it 5–4, and Kerr closed it out to record his—and Chicago's—second win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.684664726257324, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "ChiSox", "passage": "Despite the rumors already circulating about Cicotte's erratic performances in Games 1 and 4, ChiSox manager Kid Gleason showed faith in his ace for Game 7. This time, the knuckleballer did not let him down. Chicago scored early and, for once, it was Cincinnati that committed errors. The Reds threatened only briefly in the sixth before losing 4–1, and suddenly the Series was relatively close again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.555806159973145, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "The White Sox", "passage": "Whatever Williams had been told made its impression. In the first, throwing nothing but mediocre fastballs, he gave up four straight one-out hits for three runs before Gleason relieved him with \"Big\" Bill James, who allowed one of Williams' baserunners to score. James continued ineffective and, although the Sox rallied in the eighth, the Reds came away with a 10–5 victory for a five-games-to-three Series win. Jackson hit the only homer of the Series, a solo shot in the third inning after the Reds had built a 5–0 lead. Immediately after the Series ended, rumors were rife from coast to coast that the games had been thrown. Journalist Hugh Fullerton of the Chicago Herald and Examiner, disgusted by the display of ineptitude with which the White Sox had \"thrown\" the series, wrote that no World Series should ever be played again. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.117600917816162, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "1919 World Series (5–3): Cincinnati Reds (N.L.) over Chicago White Sox (A.L.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1833486557006836, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "Chicago White Sox", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.135709762573242, "source": "wiki", "title": "1919 World Series" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "In 1912, the club opened a new steel-and-concrete ballpark, Redland Field (later to be known as Crosley Field). The Reds had been playing baseball on that same site, the corner of Findlay and Western Avenues on the city's west side, for 28 years, in wooden structures that had been occasionally damaged by fires. By the late 1910s the Reds began to come out of the second division. The 1918 team finished fourth, and new manager Pat Moran led the Reds to an NL pennant in 1919, in what the club advertised as its \"Golden Anniversary\". The 1919 team had hitting stars Edd Roush and Heinie Groh while the pitching staff was led by Hod Eller and left-hander Harry \"Slim\" Sallee. The Reds finished ahead of John McGraw's New York Giants, and then won the world championship in eight games over the Chicago White Sox.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.616250514984131, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cincinnati Reds" }, { "answer": "Chicago White Sox", "passage": "The Reds' 2015 season wasn't much better, as they finished with the second worst record in the league with a record of 64-98. Their worst finish since 1982. Reds were forced to trade star pitchers Johnny Cueto (to the Kansas City Royals) and Mike Leake (to the San Francisco Giants), receiving minor league pitching prospects for both. Shortly after the season's end, the Reds traded home run derby champion Todd Frazier to the Chicago White Sox, and closing pitcher Aroldis Chapman to the New York Yankees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.530719757080078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cincinnati Reds" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mojito", "passage": "* Mojito - Rum, mint, sugar, lime, and club soda", "precise_score": -2.580078601837158, "rough_score": -2.561680555343628, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cuban cuisine" }, { "answer": "Mojito", "passage": "Meat, when available on ration book is usually served in light sauces. The most popular sauce, used to accompany not only roasted pork, but also the viandas, is Mojo or Mojito (not to be confused with the Mojito cocktail), made with oil, garlic, onion, spices such as oregano and bitter orange or lime juice. The origin of Cuban mojo comes from the mojo sauces of the Canary Islands. Cuban mojo is made with different ingredients, but the same idea and technique are used from the Canary Islands. Of course with so many Canary Islander immigrants in Cuba, the Canary Islander influence was strong. Ropa vieja is shredded beef dish (usually flank) simmered in tomato-based criollo sauce until it falls apart. Ropa Vieja is the Spanish name meaning \"old clothes\", in which the dish gets its name from the shredded meat resembling \"old clothes\". Ropa vieja is also from the Canary Islands, as are many of the origins of Cuban food. Boliche is a beef roast, stuffed with chorizo sausage and hard boiled eggs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.16657829284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cuban cuisine" }, { "answer": "Mojito", "passage": "Pan con lechón is a traditional pressed sandwich created simply with Cuban bread, roasted pork, onions, and mojito. Pan con bistec is made in the same fashion, but the pork is replaced with a thin sirloin steak (palomilla).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.520408630371094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cuban cuisine" }, { "answer": "Mojito", "passage": "Besides rum punches, cocktails such as the Cuba libre and daiquiri have well-known stories of their invention in the Caribbean. Tiki culture in the U.S. helped expand rum's horizons with inventions such as the mai tai and zombie. Other well-known cocktails containing rum include the piña colada, a drink made popular in America by Rupert Holmes' song \"Escape (The Piña Colada Song)\", and the mojito. Cold-weather drinks made with rum include the rum toddy and hot buttered rum. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.412997722625732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rum" }, { "answer": "Mojito", "passage": "Mint is a necessary ingredient in Touareg tea, a popular tea in northern African and Arab countries. Alcoholic drinks sometimes feature mint for flavor or garnish, such as the mint julep and the mojito. Crème de menthe is a mint-flavored liqueur used in drinks such as the grasshopper.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.816300392150879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mentha" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe (1980, ISBN 0-345-39181-0) is the second book in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy comedy science fiction \"trilogy\" by Douglas Adams, and is a sequel. It was originally published by Pan Books as a paperback. The book was inspired by the song \"Grand Hotel\" by British rock band Procol Harum. It takes its name from Milliways, the Restaurant at the End of the Universe, one of the settings of the book.", "precise_score": 3.505518913269043, "rough_score": -3.7551653385162354, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe" }, { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe begins just as The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy ended. Arthur Dent, Ford Prefect, Trillian, and Zaphod Beeblebrox have just left the planet Magrathea when they are attacked by a Vogon ship. They find they are unable to use the Improbability drive to escape, as Arthur has accidentally jammed the computer with a simple request for a cup of tea which proved a rather difficult problem. Luckily, an ancestor of Zaphod's, Zaphod Beeblebrox the Fourth, saves them.", "precise_score": 3.3464126586914062, "rough_score": -2.5549814701080322, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe" }, { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "The title derives from a joke early in the series, when Arthur Dent discovers that the entry for Earth in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy consists, in its entirety, of the word \"Harmless\". His friend Ford Prefect, a contributor to the Guide, assures him that the next edition will contain the article on Earth that Ford has spent the last 15 years researching—somewhat cut due to space restrictions, but still an improvement. The revised article, he eventually admits, will simply read \"Mostly harmless\". It later turns out that Ford had written a long essay on how to have fun on Earth, but the editors in the guide's main office building edited everything out. Later in the series, Ford is surprised to discover that all of his contribution had been edited back into the Guide, prompting his reunion with Arthur on the alternative Earth in So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish.", "precise_score": -8.64922046661377, "rough_score": -6.000570297241211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mostly Harmless" }, { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "In the alternate ending, after the destruction of Earth, the description of the Babel fish from the earlier series is replayed with an additional section, which states that dolphins and Babel fish are acquainted, and that the dolphins' ability to travel through possibility space (first mentioned in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and elaborated on in So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish) is shared by the Babel fish as well. During the ending, Ford explains that the dolphins got taught this skill from the Babel fish in exchange for knowing a good place to have parties. All the major characters are carrying Babel fish in their ears, which rescue them at the moment of Earth's destruction by transporting them to the Restaurant at the End of the Universe. The characters are reunited with Marvin, and it is revealed that beyond the Restaurant (and beyond the car park in which Marvin works) lies an endless series of blue lagoons — the final destination of the dolphins. The series ends with Arthur asking Fenchurch, \"Will you come flying with me?\", and her reply, \"Always.\"", "precise_score": -1.3767940998077393, "rough_score": -2.862577199935913, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mostly Harmless" }, { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "Zaphod and Marvin vanish, and reappear at the offices of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy editorial building on Ursa Minor Beta. They are looking for Zarniwoop, who has gone on an intergalactic cruise in his office via his virtual universe. Arthur, Trillian and Ford are unaware of any of this, knowing only that the computer has been shut down, and only having received a message from a stalling Nutrimatic that says \"Wait.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.683553695678711, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe" }, { "answer": "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "Life, the Universe and Everything (1982, ISBN 0-345-39182-9) is the third book in the five-volume Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy science fiction trilogy by British writer Douglas Adams. The title refers to the Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.891965866088867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Life, the Universe and Everything" }, { "answer": "Hitchhiker's", "passage": "The story was originally outlined by Adams as Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen to be a Tom Baker Doctor Who television six-part story, but was rejected by the BBC. It was later considered as a plotline for the second series of the Hitchhiker's TV series, which was never commissioned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356013298034668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Life, the Universe and Everything" }, { "answer": "Hitchhiker's", "passage": "A radio adaptation of Life, the Universe and Everything was recorded in 2003 under the guidance of Dirk Maggs, starring the surviving members of the cast of the original Hitchhiker's radio series. Adams himself, at his own suggestion, makes a cameo appearance; due to his death before production began on the series, this was achieved by sampling his character's dialogue from an audio book of the novel read by Adams that was published in the 1990s. The radio adaptation debuted on BBC Radio 4 in September 2004.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.098414421081543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Life, the Universe and Everything" }, { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "This book is the only one in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series to have been censored in its US edition. The word \"asshole\" is replaced with the word \"kneebiter\", and the word \"shit\" is replaced with \"swut\". Possibly the most famous example of censorship is in Chapter 22, in which the UK edition mentions that the \"Rory\" is an award for \"The Most Gratuitous Use of the Word 'Fuck' in a Serious Screenplay.\" In the US edition, this was changed to \"Belgium\" and the text from the original radio series described \"Belgium\" as the most offensive word used in the galaxy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.051219940185547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Life, the Universe and Everything" }, { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish is the fourth book of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy 'cycle' written by Douglas Adams. Its title is the message left by the dolphins when they departed Planet Earth just before it was demolished to make way for a hyperspace bypass, as described in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The phrase has since been adopted by some science fiction fans as a humorous way to say \"goodbye\" and a song of the same name was featured in the 2005 film adaptation of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.11610221862793, "source": "wiki", "title": "So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish" }, { "answer": "Hitchhiker's guide", "passage": "Ford Prefect discovers that the Hitchhiker's Guide entry for Earth consists of the volumes of text he originally wrote, instead of the previous truncated entry, \"Mostly harmless\". Curious, Ford hitchhikes across the galaxy to reach Earth. Eventually he uses the ship of a giant robot to land in the centre of London, causing a panic. In the chaos, Ford reunites with Arthur and Fenchurch, and they commandeer the robot's ship. Arthur takes Fenchurch to the planet where God's Final Message to His Creation is written, where they discover Marvin. Due to previous events, Marvin is now approximately 37 times older than the known age of the universe and is barely functional. With Arthur and Fenchurch's help, Marvin reads the Message (\"We apologise for the inconvenience\"), smiles, utters the final words \"I think... I feel good about it,\" and dies happily.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.6485090255737305, "source": "wiki", "title": "So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish" }, { "answer": "Hitchhiker's", "passage": "The dedication thanks among others \"Mogens and Andy and all at Huntsham Court for a number of unstable events\". This refers to the then country hotel in Devon where Adams retreated in the summer of 1984 to work on the book but instead enjoyed drinking wine with the owners and Steve Meretzky who had joined him to work on the Hitchhiker's video game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.147146224975586, "source": "wiki", "title": "So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish" }, { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "Mostly Harmless is a novel by Douglas Adams and the fifth book in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series. It is described on the cover of the first editions as \"The fifth book in the increasingly inaccurately named Hitchhikers Trilogy\". It was the last Hitchhiker's book written by Adams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.220977783203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mostly Harmless" }, { "answer": "Hitchhiker's guide", "passage": "Meanwhile, Ford Prefect has returned to the offices of the Hitchhiker's Guide, and is annoyed to find out the original publishing company, Megadodo Publications, has been taken over by InfiniDim Enterprises, which are run by the Vogons. Fearing for his life, he escapes the building, along the way stealing the yet-unpublished, seemingly sentient Hitchhiker's Guide Mk. II. He goes into hiding after sending the Guide to himself, care of Arthur, for safekeeping.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.66919231414795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mostly Harmless" }, { "answer": "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "In addition, the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped released a version of the book, narrated by George Guidall-Shapiro, on 4-track cassette tape in 1993. They released the book again as part of a larger work called The Ultimate Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (with forward by Neil Gaiman, and including other books in the series), narrated by David Cutler; available on cassette as RC 62183, and in encrypted DAISY downloadable form as DB 62183. The NLS books can be found using their book search engine, by entering the book numbers or titles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.966022491455078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mostly Harmless" }, { "answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "passage": "Joshua D. Angrist and Joern-Steffen Pischke named their applied econometrics toolkit book \"Mostly Harmless Econometrics\" in the spirit of Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and Mostly Harmless.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.18671989440918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mostly Harmless" } ]

[ { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "*astronomical unit AU, au or ua. Defined as . Approximately the distance between the Earth and Sun.", "precise_score": 3.2679405212402344, "rough_score": 1.893033504486084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Unit of length" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "The astronomical unit (symbol au, AU or ua ) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun. However, that distance varies as Earth orbits the Sun, from a maximum (aphelion) to a minimum (perihelion) and back again once a year. Originally conceived as the average of Earth's aphelion and perihelion, it is now defined as exactly metres (about 150 million kilometres, or 93 million miles). The astronomical unit is used primarily as a convenient yardstick for measuring distances within the Solar System or around other stars. However, it is also a fundamental component in the definition of another unit of astronomical length, the parsec.", "precise_score": 4.826410293579102, "rough_score": 6.465267658233643, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Distance to the Sun", "passage": "SKU-000625467 Aristarchos of Samos, the Polymath] AuthorHouse, ISBN 978-1481789493. However, the book On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon, which has long been ascribed to Aristarchus, says that he calculated the distance to the Sun to be between 18 and 20 times the distance to the Moon, whereas the true ratio is about 389.174. The latter estimate was based on the angle between the half moon and the Sun, which he estimated as 87° (the true value being close to 89.853°). Depending on the distance that Van Helden assumes Aristarchus used for the distance to the Moon, his calculated distance to the Sun would fall between 380 and Earth radii. ", "precise_score": -1.674947738647461, "rough_score": 3.176424503326416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Distance to the Sun", "passage": "According to Eusebius of Caesarea in the Praeparatio Evangelica (Book XV, Chapter 53), Eratosthenes found the distance to the Sun to be \"σταδιων μυριαδας τετρακοσιας και οκτωκισμυριας\" (literally \"of stadia myriads 400 and \" but with the additional note that in the Greek text the grammatical agreement is between myriads (not stadia) on the one hand and both 400 and ' on the other, as in Greek, unlike English, all three (or all four if one were to include stadia) words are inflected. This has been translated either as stadia (1903 translation by Edwin Hamilton Gifford), or as stadia (edition of Édouard des Places, dated 1974–1991). Using the Greek stadium of 185 to 190 metres, the former translation comes to to , which is far too low, whereas the second translation comes to 148.7 to 152.8 million kilometres (accurate within 2%). Hipparchus also gave an estimate of the distance of Earth from the Sun, quoted by Pappus as equal to 490 Earth radii. According to the conjectural reconstructions of Noel Swerdlow and G. J. Toomer, this was derived from his assumption of a \"least perceptible\" solar parallax of 7 arc minutes. ", "precise_score": -3.3306334018707275, "rough_score": -3.5971200466156006, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "The unit distance A (the value of the astronomical unit in metres) can be expressed in terms of other astronomical constants:", "precise_score": -1.188821792602539, "rough_score": 0.0668010488152504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "The solar constant is the amount of power that the Sun deposits per unit area that is directly exposed to sunlight. The solar constant is equal to approximately (watts per square meter) at a distance of one astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun (that is, on or near Earth). Sunlight on the surface of Earth is attenuated by Earth's atmosphere, so that less power arrives at the surface (closer to ) in clear conditions when the Sun is near the zenith. Sunlight at the top of Earth's atmosphere is composed (by total energy) of about 50% infrared light, 40% visible light, and 10% ultraviolet light. The atmosphere in particular filters out over 70% of solar ultraviolet, especially at the shorter wavelengths. Solar ultraviolet radiation ionizes Earth's dayside upper atmosphere, creating the electrically conducting ionosphere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.655982255935669, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sun" }, { "answer": "Distance to the Sun", "passage": "From an observation of a transit of Venus in 1032, the Persian astronomer and polymath Avicenna concluded that Venus is closer to Earth than the Sun. In 1672 Giovanni Cassini and Jean Richer determined the distance to Mars and were thereby able to calculate the distance to the Sun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.430093765258789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sun" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "A variety of unit symbols and abbreviations are in use for the astronomical unit. In a 1976 resolution, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) used the symbol A for the AU. In 2006, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) recommended ua as the symbol for the unit. In 2012, the IAU, noting \"that various symbols are presently in use for the astronomical unit\", recommended the use of the symbol \"au\". In the 2014 revision of the SI Brochure, the BIPM used the unit symbol \"au\". The symbol \"AU\" and abbreviation a.u. are also used. In ISO 80000-3, the symbol of the astronomical unit is \"ua\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.873664855957031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "Earth's orbit around the Sun is an ellipse. The semi-major axis of this ellipse is defined to be half of the straight line segment that joins the aphelion and perihelion. The centre of the sun lies on this straight line segment, but not at its midpoint. Because ellipses are well-understood shapes, measuring the points of its extremes defined the exact shape mathematically, and made possible calculations for the entire orbit as well as predictions based on observation. In addition, it mapped out exactly the largest straight-line distance that Earth traverses over the course of a year, defining times and places for observing the largest parallax (apparent shifts of position) in nearby stars. Knowing Earth's shift and a star's shift enabled the star's distance to be calculated. But all measurements are subject to some degree of error or uncertainty, and the uncertainties in the length of the astronomical unit only increased uncertainties in the stellar distances. Improvements in precision have always been a key to improving astronomical understanding. Throughout the twentieth century, measurements became increasingly precise and sophisticated, and ever more dependent on accurate observation of the effects described by Einstein's theory of relativity and upon the mathematical tools it used.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.994863510131836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "In 1976, in order to establish a yet more precise measure for the astronomical unit, the IAU formally adopted a new definition. Although directly based on the then-best available observational measurements, the definition was recast in terms of the then-best mathematical derivations from celestial mechanics and planetary ephemerides. It stated that \"the astronomical unit of length is that length (A) for which the Gaussian gravitational constant (k) takes the value when the units of measurement are the astronomical units of length, mass and time\". Equivalently, by this definition, one AU is the radius of an unperturbed circular Newtonian orbit about the sun of a particle having infinitesimal mass, moving with an angular frequency of ; or alternatively that length for which the heliocentric gravitational constant (the product G) is equal to ()2 AU3/d2, when the length is used to describe the positions of objects in the Solar System.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7930753231048584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "Subsequent explorations of the Solar System by space probes made it possible to obtain precise measurements of the relative positions of the inner planets and other objects by means of radar and telemetry. As with all radar measurements, these rely on measuring the time taken for photons to be reflected from an object. Because all photons move at the speed of light in vacuum, a fundamental constant of the universe, the distance of an object from the probe is basically the product of the speed of light and the measured time. However, for precision the calculations require adjustment for things such as the motions of the probe and object while the photons are transiting. In addition, the measurement of the time itself must be translated to a standard scale that accounts for relativistic time dilation. Comparison of the ephemeris positions with time measurements expressed in the TDB scale leads to a value for the speed of light in astronomical units per day (of ). By 2009, the IAU had updated its standard measures to reflect improvements, and calculated the speed of light at (TDB). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.897894859313965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "In 2006, the BIPM reported a value of the astronomical unit as . In the 2014 revision of the SI Brochure, the BIPM recognised the IAU's 2012 redefinition of the astronomical unit as .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.300586700439453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "This estimate was still derived from observation and measurements subject to error, and based on techniques that did not yet standardize all relativistic effects, and thus were not constant for all observers. In 2012, finding that the equalization of relativity alone would make the definition overly complex, the IAU simply used the 2009 estimate to redefine the astronomical unit as a conventional unit of length directly tied to the metre (exactly ). The new definition also recognizes as a consequence that the astronomical unit is now to play a role of reduced importance, limited in its use to that of a convenience in some applications.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.874975204467773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "With the definitions used before 2012, the astronomical unit was dependent on the heliocentric gravitational constant, that is the product of the gravitational constant G and the solar mass . Neither G nor can be measured to high accuracy in SI units, but the value of their product is known very precisely from observing the relative positions of planets (Kepler's Third Law expressed in terms of Newtonian gravitation). Only the product is required to calculate planetary positions for an ephemeris, so ephemerides are calculated in astronomical units and not in SI units.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.891728401184082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "The metre is defined to be a unit of proper length, but the SI definition does not specify the metric tensor to be used in determining it. Indeed, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) notes that \"its definition applies only within a spatial extent sufficiently small that the effects of the non-uniformity of the gravitational field can be ignored\". As such, the metre is undefined for the purposes of measuring distances within the Solar System. The 1976 definition of the astronomical unit was incomplete because it did not specify the frame of reference in which time is to be measured, but proved practical for the calculation of ephemerides: a fuller definition that is consistent with general relativity was proposed, and \"vigorous debate\" ensued and also p. 91, Summary and recommendations. until in August 2012 the IAU adopted the current definition of 1 astronomical unit ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.525116443634033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "The astronomical unit is typically used for stellar system scale distances, such as the size of a protostellar disk or the heliocentric distance of an asteroid, whereas other units are used for other distances in astronomy. The astronomical unit is too small to be convenient for interstellar distances, where the parsec and light year are widely used. The parsec (parallax arcsecond) is defined in terms of the astronomical unit, being the distance of an object with a parallax of 1 arcsecond. The light year is often used in popular works, but is not an approved non-SI unit and is rarely used by professional astronomers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4293975830078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Distance to the Sun", "passage": "According to Archimedes in the Sandreckoner (2.1), Aristarchus of Samos estimated the distance to the Sun to be times Earth's radius (the true value is about ).Gomez, A. G. (2013) [http://www.authorhouse.co.uk/Bookstore/BookDetail.aspx?BookId", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.822517395019531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Distance to the Sun", "passage": "A Chinese mathematical treatise, the Zhoubi suanjing (c. 1st century BCE), shows how the distance to the Sun can be computed geometrically, using the different lengths of the noontime shadows observed at three places li apart and the assumption that Earth is flat. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.130130767822266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "Another method involved determining the constant of aberration. Simon Newcomb gave great weight to this method when deriving his widely accepted value of 8.80″ for the solar parallax (close to the modern value of ″), although Newcomb also used data from the transits of Venus. Newcomb also collaborated with A. A. Michelson to measure the speed of light with Earth-based equipment; combined with the constant of aberration (which is related to the light time per unit distance), this gave the first direct measurement of the Earth–Sun distance in kilometres. Newcomb's value for the solar parallax (and for the constant of aberration and the Gaussian gravitational constant) were incorporated into the first international system of astronomical constants in 1896, which remained in place for the calculation of ephemerides until 1964. The name \"astronomical unit\" appears first to have been used in 1903. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.379892826080322, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "The Sun is constantly losing mass by radiating away energy, so the orbits of the planets are steadily expanding outward from the Sun. This has led to calls to abandon the astronomical unit as a unit of measurement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.000626564025879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "The measurements of the secular variations of the astronomical unit are not confirmed by other authors and are quite controversial. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.566644668579102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "Furthermore, since 2010, the astronomical unit is not yet estimated by the planetary ephemerides. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.066744804382324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "answer": "Astronomical Unit", "passage": "The following table contains some distances given in astronomical units. It includes some examples with distances that are normally not given in astronomical units, because they are either too short or far too long. Distances normally change over time. Examples are listed by increasing distance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.631947040557861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Astronomical unit" } ]

[ { "answer": "Paul McCartney", "passage": "Off the Wall (1979), which Jones and Jackson co-produced, established Jackson as a solo performer. The album helped Jackson transition from the bubblegum pop of his youth to the more complex sounds he would create as an adult. Songwriters for the album included Jackson, Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder, and Paul McCartney. Off the Wall was the first solo album to generate four top 10 hits in the United States: \"Off the Wall\", \"She's Out of My Life\", and the chart-topping singles \"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\" and \"Rock with You\". The album reached number three on the Billboard 200 and eventually sold over 20 million copies worldwide. In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for \"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\". He also won Billboard Year-End awards for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album, and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for 1979 with \"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\". In 1981 Jackson was the American Music Awards winner for Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist. Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release. In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit. ", "precise_score": -6.890406608581543, "rough_score": -4.575610160827637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "Paul McCartney", "passage": "Jackson's financial interests in the music publishing business grew after Jackson collaborated with Paul McCartney in the early 1980s. He subsequently learned that McCartney was making approximately $40 million a year from other people's songs. By 1983, Jackson had begun investing in publishing rights to songs that others had written, but he was careful with his acquisitions, only bidding on a few of the dozens that were offered to him. Jackson's early acquisitions of music catalogs and song copyrights such as the Sly Stone collection included \"Everyday People\" (1968), Len Barry's \"1-2-3\" (1965), and Dion DiMucci's \"The Wanderer\" (1961) and \"Runaround Sue\" (1961); however, Jackson's most significant purchase came in 1985, when he acquired the publishing rights to ATV Music Publishing after months of negotiation. ATV had acquired the publishing rights to nearly 4000 songs, including the Northern Songs catalog that contained the majority of the Lennon–McCartney compositions recorded by the Beatles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.07713794708252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "Paul McCartney", "passage": "In September 2007, Jackson was reportedly still working on his next album, but the work was never completed. In 2008, Jackson and Sony released Thriller 25 to mark the 25th anniversary of the original Thriller. This album featured the previously unreleased song \"For All Time\", an outtake from the original sessions, as well as remixes, where Jackson collaborated with younger artists who had been inspired by his work. Two of the remixes were released as singles with modest success: \"The Girl Is Mine 2008\" (with will.i.am) and \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008\" (with Akon). The first single was based on an early demo version, without Paul McCartney. The album was a commercial success. In anticipation of Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest hits albums, King of Pop. Slightly different versions were released in various countries, based on polls of local fans. King of Pop reached the top 10 in most countries where it was issued, and also sold well as an import in other countries (such as the United States). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.662515640258789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" } ]

[ { "answer": "90%", "passage": "About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m. In most of the interior of the continent, precipitation is very low, down to 20 mm per year; in a few \"blue ice\" areas precipitation is lower than mass loss by sublimation and so the local mass balance is negative. In the dry valleys, the same effect occurs over a rock base, leading to a desiccated landscape.", "precise_score": 7.510168552398682, "rough_score": 8.738289833068848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "answer": "90%", "passage": "The Antarctic sheet is the largest known single mass of ice. It covers almost 14 million km2 and some 30 million km3 of ice. Around 90% of the fresh water on the planet's surface is held in this area and if melted would raise sea levels by 58 metres. The continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is positive and significant at >0.05 °C/decade since 1957. ", "precise_score": 5.12451696395874, "rough_score": 6.506828308105469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Retreat of glaciers since 1850" }, { "answer": "90%", "passage": "A study by glaciologists of two small glaciers in South America reveals another retreat. More than 80% of all glacial ice in the northern Andes is concentrated on the highest peaks in small plains of approximately 1 km2 in size. A 1992 to 1998 observation of the Chacaltaya Glacier in Bolivia and Antizana Glacier in Ecuador indicate that between and of ice was lost per year on each glacier. Figures for Chacaltaya show a loss of 67% of its volume and 40% of its thickness over the same period. Chacaltaya Glacier has lost 90% of its mass since 1940 and is expected to disappear altogether sometime between 2010 and 2015. Antizana is also reported to have lost 40% of its surface area between 1979 and 2007. Research also indicates that since the mid-1980s, the rate of retreat for both of these glaciers has been increasing. In Colombia, the glaciers atop Nevado del Ruiz have lost more than half their area in the last 40 years. Further south in Peru, the Andes are at a higher altitude overall, and there are approximately 722 glaciers covering an area of 723 km2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6438875198364258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Retreat of glaciers since 1850" }, { "answer": "90%", "passage": "Other studies show that between 1960 and 1999, the Devon Ice Cap lost 67 km3 of ice, mainly through thinning. All major outlet glaciers along the eastern Devon Ice Cap margin have retreated from 1 km to 3 km since 1960. On the Hazen Plateau of Ellesmere Island, the Simmon Ice Cap has lost 47% of its area since 1959. If the current climatic conditions continue, the remaining glacial ice on the Hazen Plateau will be gone around 2050. On August 13, 2005, the Ayles Ice Shelf broke free from the north coast of Ellesmere Island. The 66 km2 ice shelf drifted into the Arctic Ocean. This followed the splitting of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf in 2002. The Ward Hunt has lost 90% of its area in the last century. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.751020908355713, "source": "wiki", "title": "Retreat of glaciers since 1850" }, { "answer": "90%", "passage": "In the developing world, 90% of all wastewater still goes untreated into local rivers and streams. Some 50 countries, with roughly a third of the world's population, also suffer from medium or high water stress, and 17 of these extract more water annually than is recharged through their natural water cycles. The strain not only affects surface freshwater bodies like rivers and lakes, but it also degrades groundwater resources.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.67274284362793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Water" }, { "answer": "90%", "passage": "The most important use of water in agriculture is for irrigation, which is a key component to produce enough food. Irrigation takes up to 90% of water withdrawn in some developing countries and significant proportions in more economically developed countries (in the United States, 30% of freshwater usage is for irrigation). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239192962646484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Water" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mackenzie Phillips", "passage": "One Day at a Time is an American sitcom television series that aired on the CBS network from December 16, 1975, until May 28, 1984. It starred Bonnie Franklin as a divorced mother raising two teenage daughters, played by Mackenzie Phillips and Valerie Bertinelli, in Indianapolis.", "precise_score": 0.5310481786727905, "rough_score": 1.8951970338821411, "source": "wiki", "title": "One Day at a Time" }, { "answer": "Mackenzie Phillips", "passage": "Actors Bonnie Franklin, Pat Harrington, Jr., and Valerie Bertinelli were the only cast members to remain with the series throughout its entire run. Lead actress Mackenzie Phillips was fired after the fifth season due to growing problems with substance abuse. She later returned in a frequent recurring role. Original cast member Richard Masur was written out early in the second season but returned as a guest star in the sixth season finale.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.687915802001953, "source": "wiki", "title": "One Day at a Time" }, { "answer": "Mackenzie Phillips", "passage": "The One Day at a Time Reunion was a 60-minute CBS retrospective special which aired on Tuesday February 22, 2005, at 9:00 pm ET, reuniting Bonnie Franklin, Mackenzie Phillips, Valerie Bertinelli, and Pat Harrington to reminisce about the series and their characters. Recurring cast members Richard Masur, Shelley Fabares, Nanette Fabray, Michael Lembeck, and Glenn Scarpelli shared their feelings about their time on the show in separate interviews. The special was included as a bonus on One Day at a Time: The Complete First Season DVD set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8453598022460938, "source": "wiki", "title": "One Day at a Time" }, { "answer": "Mackenzie Phillips", "passage": "One Day at a Time was awarded the Innovation Award on the 2012 TV Land Award show on April 29. Accepting the award were Valerie Bertinelli, Bonnie Franklin, Pat Harrington Jr., Richard Masur, Mackenzie Phillips, and Glenn Scarpelli.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.496490478515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "One Day at a Time" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ming the Merciless", "passage": "Flash Gordon was played by Gale Gordon, later famous for his television roles in Our Miss Brooks, Dennis the Menace, The Lucy Show and Here's Lucy (the latter two with Lucille Ball). The cast also included Maurice Franklin as Dr. Zarkov and Bruno Wick as Ming the Merciless. ", "precise_score": 1.1667770147323608, "rough_score": 1.8195829391479492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Flash Gordon" }, { "answer": "Ming the Merciless", "passage": "The comic strip follows the adventures of Flash Gordon, a handsome polo player and Yale University graduate, and his companions Dale Arden and Dr. Hans Zarkov.The story begins with Earth threatened by a collision with the planet Mongo. Dr. Zarkov invents a rocket ship to fly into space in an attempt to stop the disaster. Half mad, he kidnaps Flash and Dale and they travel to the planet. Landing on the planet, and halting the collision, they come into conflict with Ming the Merciless, Mongo's evil ruler. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1065149307250977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Flash Gordon" }, { "answer": "Ming the Merciless", "passage": "In April 2013, Robb Pratt, director of the popular fan film Superman Classic, announced plans to make Flash Gordon Classic. The traditionally animated short features the characters Flash Gordon, girlfriend Dale Arden, sidekick Dr. Hans Zarkov, antagonist Ming the Merciless, and Princess Aura. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5723452568054199, "source": "wiki", "title": "Flash Gordon" } ]

[ { "answer": "Paula Abdul", "passage": "Forever Your Girl is the 1988 debut album by American singer Paula Abdul.", "precise_score": 0.44176244735717773, "rough_score": -1.1212559938430786, "source": "wiki", "title": "Forever Your Girl" } ]

[ { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "In an orchestra, the concertmaster is the leader of the first violin section. There is another violin section, the second violins, led by the principal second violin. Any violin solo in an orchestral work is played by the concertmaster (except in the case of a concerto, in which case a guest soloist usually plays). It is usually required that the concertmaster be the most skilled musician in the section, experienced at learning music quickly, counting rests accurately and leading the rest of the string section by his or her playing and bow gestures. ", "precise_score": 5.953827857971191, "rough_score": 6.3459296226501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Concertmaster" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "The concertmaster sits to the conductor's left, closest to the audience, in what is called the \"first chair,\" \"first stand\" or \"first desk\" (in the UK). He or she makes decisions regarding bowing and other technical details of violin playing for the violins, and sometimes all of the string players. The concertmaster leads the orchestra in tuning before concerts and rehearsals, and other technical aspects of orchestra management. Leading the orchestral tuning is not just a mere formality; if the concertmaster believes that a section is not adequately tuned, he or she will signal to the oboe player to play another \"A.\" Several larger orchestras have one or more assistant concertmasters, who lead the orchestra in the concertmaster's absence.", "precise_score": 4.442253589630127, "rough_score": 5.310506343841553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Concertmaster" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "One of the principal tasks of the concertmaster is to provide bowings for the 1st violins prior to rehearsal. This entails a great knowledge of historical playing styles in addition to complete idiomatic understanding of the mechanics of string playing. Section leaders among the other strings will base their bowings on those of the concertmaster and these section leaders (called principals) may confer during rehearsal in order to ensure unity and cohesion of execution between the string sections. Ensemble cohesion emanates directly from the contact and connection between these vital front desk positions. The concertmaster assumes responsibility for the tone and execution of the entire section of 1st violins, in addition to performing any solo passages that occur in a given piece. ", "precise_score": 0.5129094123840332, "rough_score": 0.7894470691680908, "source": "wiki", "title": "Concertmaster" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "An orchestra ( or;) is a large instrumental ensemble, often used in classical music, that contains sections of string (violin, viola, cello and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes be grouped into a fifth section such as a keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and, for 20th and 21st century compositions, electric and electronic instruments. The term orchestra derives from the Greek ὀρχήστρα (orchestra), the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus. The orchestra grew by accretion throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, but changed very little in composition during the course of the 20th century.", "precise_score": 1.7855710983276367, "rough_score": -0.5938125848770142, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "The typical symphony orchestra consists of four groups of related musical instruments called the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings (violin, viola, cello and double bass). Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes be grouped into a fifth section such as a keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and electric and electronic instruments. The orchestra, depending on the size, contains almost all of the standard instruments in each group. In the history of the orchestra, its instrumentation has been expanded over time, often agreed to have been standardized by the classical period and Ludwig van Beethoven's influence on the classical model. In the 20th century, new repertory demands expanded the instrumentation of the orchestra, resulting in a flexible use of the classical-model instruments in various combinations.", "precise_score": 4.7723565101623535, "rough_score": 1.5668977499008179, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "The principal first violin is called the concertmaster (or \"leader\" in the UK) and is not only considered the leader of the string section, but the second-in-command of the entire orchestra, behind only the conductor. The concertmaster leads the pre-concert tuning and handles musical aspects of orchestra management, such as determining the bowings for the violins or for all of the string section. The concertmaster usually sits to the conductor's left, closest to the audience.", "precise_score": 4.815412998199463, "rough_score": 4.9270853996276855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "The principal trombone is considered the leader of the low brass section, while the principal trumpet is generally considered the leader of the entire brass section. While the oboe often provides the tuning note for the orchestra (due to 300-year-old convention), no principal is the leader of the woodwind section though in woodwind ensembles, often the flute is leader. Instead, each principal confers with the others as equals in the case of musical differences of opinion. Most sections also have an assistant principal (or co-principal or associate principal), or in the case of the first violins, an assistant concertmaster, who often plays a tutti part in addition to replacing the principal in his or her absence.", "precise_score": 0.16002684831619263, "rough_score": -1.3195306062698364, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while \"[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led by women violinists\", the double bass, brass, and percussion sections of major orchestras \"...are still predominantly male.\" A 2014 BBC article stated that the \"...introduction of ‘blind’ auditions, where a prospective instrumentalist performs behind a screen so that the judging panel can exercise no gender or racial prejudice, has seen the gender balance of traditionally male-dominated symphony orchestras gradually shift.\" ", "precise_score": -2.655890941619873, "rough_score": -0.44001516699790955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Orchestras also play with instrumental soloists in concertos. During concertos, the orchestra plays an accompaniment role to the soloist (e.g., a solo violinist or pianist) and, at times, introduces musical themes or interludes while the soloist is not playing. Orchestras also play during operas, ballets, some musical theatre works and some choral works (both sacred works such as Masses and secular works). In operas and ballets, the orchestra accompanies the singers and dancers, respectively, and plays overtures and interludes where the melodies played by the orchestra take centre stage. The orchestral repertoire also includes a range of other pieces, such as Baroque dance suites, symphonic dances and suites of film music.", "precise_score": -0.4271516799926758, "rough_score": 1.32105553150177, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "The so-called \"standard complement\" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to the forces called for by Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation almost always included paired flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns and trumpets. Beethoven carefully calculated the expansion of this particular timbral \"palette\" in Symphonies 3, 5, 6, and 9 for an innovative effect. The third horn in the \"Eroica\" Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility, but also the effect of \"choral\" brass in the Trio. Piccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finale of his Symphony No. 5. A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver storm and sunshine in the Sixth. The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns, for reasons similar to the \"Eroica\" (four horns has since become standard); Beethoven's use of piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion—plus chorus and vocal soloists—in his finale, are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony might be expanded for good. For several decades after his death, symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethoven's well-established model, with few exceptions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.615835189819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Violin I (8~10)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.083992958068848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Violin II (4~6)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.858417510986328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violon", "passage": "Violoncello (4~6)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.77668285369873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "12 Violins I", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.871026992797852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "10 Violins II", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.124523162841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violon", "passage": "8 Violoncellos", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.9011869430542, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "14 Violins 1", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.823043823242188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "12 Violins 2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.821215629577637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "16 Violins 1", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.218984603881836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "14 Violins 2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.81546401977539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "16 Violins 1", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.218984603881836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "14 Violins 2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.81546401977539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Among the instrument groups and within each group of instruments, there is a generally accepted hierarchy. Every instrumental group (or section) has a principal who is generally responsible for leading the group and playing orchestral solos. The violins are divided into two groups, first violin and second violin, with the second violins playing with lower registers than the first violins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2881178855896, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was \"facing protests during a [US] tour\" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, \"after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to admit a woman, Anna Lelkes, as harpist.\"Jane Perlez, [http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/28/world/vienna-philharmonic-lets-women-join-in-harmony.html \"Vienna Philharmonic Lets Women Join in Harmony”], The New York Times, February 28, 1997 As of 2013, the orchestra has six female members; one of them, violinist Albena Danailova became one of the orchestra’s concertmasters in 2008, the first woman to hold that position.[http://www.france24.com/en/20080508-vienna-opera-albena-danailova-first-female-concertmaster-austria&navi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.079219341278076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "It is not uncommon for contemporary composers to use unconventional instruments, including various synthesizers, to achieve desired effects. Many, however, find more conventional orchestral configuration to provide better possibilities for color and depth. Composers like John Adams often employ Romantic-size orchestras, as in Adams' opera Nixon in China; Philip Glass and others may be more free, yet still identify size-boundaries. Glass in particular has recently turned to conventional orchestras in works like the Concerto for Cello and Orchestra and the Violin Concerto No. 2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9627766609191895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Some ensembles, such as the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra, based in New York City, have had more success, although decisions are likely to be deferred to some sense of leadership within the ensemble (for example, the principal wind and string players). Others have returned to the tradition of a principal player, usually a violinist, being the artistic director and running rehearsals (such as the Australian Chamber Orchestra, Amsterdam Sinfonietta & Candida Thompson and the New Century Chamber Orchestra).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4225517511367798, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orchestra" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "In the Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification, used in organology, string instruments are called chordophones. Common instruments in the string family include the violin, guitar, sitar, electric bass, viola, cello, harp, double bass, rebab, banjo, mandolin, ukulele, and bouzouki. String instruments can be sounded using a number of approaches. The classical strings (violin, viola, cello and double bass) are played pizzicato (by plucking) and using a bow. Guitar-family instruments are played with a variety of techniques, including plucking and strumming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.376792907714844, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Some of the earliest stringed instruments have been identified in archaeological digs of Ancient Mesopotamian sites, like the lyres of Ur which include artifacts over three thousand years old. Lyre instruments with wooden bodies, and strings used for plucking or playing with a bow represent key instruments that point towards later harps and violin type instruments; moreover, Indian instruments from 500 BC have been discovered with anything from 7 to 21 strings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.585076332092285, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "During the medieval era, the rate by which string instruments developed arguably varied from country to country – Middle Eastern rebecs represented breakthroughs in terms of shape and strings, with a half a pear shape using three strings. Early versions of the violin and fiddle, by comparison, emerged in Europe through instruments such as the gittern, a four stringed precursor to the guitar, and basic lutes. These instruments typically used catgut and other somewhat unpleasant materials for their strings, with higher end versions featuring silk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.19665241241455, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "String instrument design was refined during the Renaissance and into the Baroque period of musical history – violins and guitars became more stable in terms of their design changes, and were roughly similar to what we now use – the violins of the Renaissance featured intricate woodwork and stringing, while more elaborate bass instruments such as the bandora were produced alongside quill plucked citterns, and Spanish body guitars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.883310317993164, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Major changes to string instruments in the 20th century primarily involved innovations in amplification and electronic music – electric violins were available by the 1920s, and were an important part of emerging jazz music trends in the United States. Breakthroughs in electric guitar and basses then saw major breakthroughs in pop and rock music through the middle of the 20th century. The ongoing connection of string instruments to electronic amplification added variety to classical performances, and enabled experimentation in the dynamic range of orchestras, bands, and solo performances. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.964298725128174, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Lutes – instruments that support the strings via a neck and a bout (\"gourd\"), for instance a guitar, a violin, or a saz", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.086637496948242, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Bowing (Italian: arco) is a method used in some string instruments, including the violin, viola, cello, and the double bass (of the violin family), and the old viol family. The bow consists of a stick with many hairs stretched between its ends. Bowing the instrument's string causes a stick-slip phenomenon to occur, which makes the string vibrate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.838211059570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Violin family string instrument players are occasionally instructed to strike the string with the stick of the bow, a technique called col legno. This yields a percussive sound along with the pitch of the note. A well-known use of col legno for orchestral strings is Gustav Holst's \"Mars\" movement from The Planets suite.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.027271270751953, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Steel-stringed instruments (such as the guitar, bass, violin, etc.) can be played using a magnetic field. An E-Bow is small hand-held battery-powered device that magnetically excites the strings of an electric string instrument to provide a sustained, singing tone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.101862907409668, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "The length of the string from nut to bridge on bowed or plucked instruments ultimately determines the distance between different notes on the instrument. For example, a double bass with its low range needs a scale length of around 42 in, whilst a violin scale is only about 13 in. On the shorter scale of the violin, the left hand may easily reach a range of slightly more than two octaves without shifting position, while on the bass' longer scale, a single octave or a ninth is reachable in lower positions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.462773323059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Some zithers combine stoppable (melody) strings with a greater number of \"open\" harmony or chord strings. On instruments with stoppable strings, such as the violin or guitar, the player can shorten the vibrating length of the string, using their fingers directly (or more rarely through some mechanical device, as in the nyckelharpa and the hurdy-gurdy). Such instruments usually have a fingerboard attached to the neck of the instrument, that provides a hard flat surface the player can stop the strings against. On some string instruments, the fingerboard has frets, raised ridges perpendicular to the strings, that stop the string at precise intervals, in which case the fingerboard is also called a fretboard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.8616943359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "A vibrating string on its own makes only a very quiet sound, so string instruments are usually constructed in such a way that this sound is coupled to a hollow resonating chamber, a soundboard, or both. On the violin, for example the tout strings pass over a bridge resting on a hollow box. The strings vibrations are distributed via the bridge and soundpost to all surfaces of the instrument, and are thus made louder. The correct technical explanation is that they allow a better match to the acoustic impedance of the air.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.439300537109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "Achieving a tonal characteristic that is effective and pleasing to the player's and listener's ear is something of an art, and the makers of string instruments often seek very high quality woods to this end, particularly spruce (chosen for its lightness, strength and flexibility) and maple (a very hard wood). Spruce is used for the sounding boards of instruments from the violin to the piano. Instruments such as the banjo use a drum, covered in natural or synthetic skin as their soundboard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.831120491027832, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "In the early 20th century, the Stroh violin used a diaphragm-type resonator and a metal horn to project the string sound, much like early mechanical gramophones. Its use declined beginning about 1920, as electronic amplification came into use.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.105338096618652, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" }, { "answer": "Violin", "passage": "* Violins (divided into two sections—first violins and second violins)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.89493465423584, "source": "wiki", "title": "String instrument" } ]

[ { "answer": "Po-boy", "passage": "New Orleans is known for specialties like beignets (locally pronounced like \"ben-yays\"), square-shaped fried pastries that could be called \"French doughnuts\" (served with café au lait made with a blend of coffee and chicory rather than only coffee); and Po-boy and Italian Muffuletta sandwiches; Gulf oysters on the half-shell, fried oysters, boiled crawfish, and other seafood; étouffée, jambalaya, gumbo, and other Creole dishes; and the Monday favorite of red beans and rice. (Louis Armstrong often signed his letters, \"Red beans and ricely yours\".) Another New Orleans specialty is the praline, a candy made with brown sugar, granulated sugar, cream, butter, and pecans. The city also has notable street food including the Asian inspired beef Yaka mein.", "precise_score": 3.4798240661621094, "rough_score": 6.122598171234131, "source": "wiki", "title": "New Orleans" }, { "answer": "Po' boy", "passage": "*Po' boy — Louisiana", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.163470268249512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Submarine sandwich" } ]

[ { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "A screwdriver is classified by its tip, which is shaped to fit the driving surfaces—slots, grooves, recesses, etc.—on the corresponding screw head. Proper use requires that the screwdriver's tip engage the head of a screw of the same size and type designation as the screwdriver tip. Screwdriver tips are available in a wide variety of types and sizes (List of screw drives). The two most common are the simple 'blade'-type for slotted screws, and Phillips.", "precise_score": 2.063599109649658, "rough_score": 3.900681972503662, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screwdriver" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "The rounded, tapered slots of the Phillips head were deliberately designed for the screwdriver to \"cam out\" (pop out) of the screw head recess under high torque on high-speed factory assembly lines. This prevents stripping damage to the screw threads, at the expense of possible damage to the recess in the screw head. Modern torque-limiting power driver tools for professional use eliminate overtorquing damage much more reliably. Market inertia and ignorance of the design's historical intent have led to widespread misapplication of Phillips head fasteners in applications where cam-out is not desirable. Some Phillips head screwdrivers have been manufactured with hardened \"anti-cam-out\" (ACO) grooves in an attempt to defeat this designed-in behavior. See torx head screw.", "precise_score": 1.7450047731399536, "rough_score": 5.345252513885498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screwdriver" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "Meanwhile, in Portland, Oregon, Henry F. Phillips patented his own invention, an improved version of a deep socket with a cruciform slot, today known as the Phillips Screw. Phillips offered his screw to the American Screw Company, and after a successful trial on the 1936 Cadillac, it quickly swept through the American auto industry. With the Industrial Revival at the end of the Great Depression and the onslaught of World War II, the Phillips screw quickly became, and remains, the most popular screw in the world. A main attraction for the screw was that conventional slotted screwdrivers could also be used on them, which was not possible with the Robertson Screw.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.34174221754074097, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screwdriver" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "Many modern electrical appliances, if they contain screws, use screws with heads other than the typical slotted or Phillips styles. Torx is one such pattern that has become widespread. The main cause of this trend is manufacturing efficiency: Torx screwdriver tips do not slip out of the fastener as easily as would a Phillips or slotted driver. (Slotted screws are rarely used in mass-produced devices, since the driver is not inherently centered on the fastener.) Non-typical fasteners are commonplace in consumer devices for their ability to make disassembly more difficult, which is seen as a benefit for manufacturers but is considered a disadvantage by users than if more-common head types were used. However, Torx and other drivers have become widely available to the consumer due to their increasing use in the industry. Specialized patterns of security screws are also used, such as the Line Head (LH) style by OSG System Products, Japan, as used in many Nintendo consoles, though drivers for the more common security heads are, again, readily available.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1576366424560547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screwdriver" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "Phillips screwdrivers come in several standard sizes, ranging from tiny \"jeweler's\" to those used for automobile frame assembly—or #00 to #4 respectively. This size number is usually stamped onto the shank (shaft) or handle for identification. Each bit size fits a range of screw sizes, more or less well. Each Phillips screwdriver size also has a related shank diameter. The driver has a 57° point and tapered, unsharp (rounded) flutes. By far the most commonly found size around the household, automobile, and office is the #2, —which fits computers, printers and photocopiers, light switches, carburetors, furniture, household appliances, door hinges, and so forth. The second most commonly seen household Phillips screw is the #1, which fits calculators, cameras, smaller toys, and cell phone sized devices. The #1 and smaller bits come to a blunt point, but the #2 and above have no point, but rather a nearly squared-off tip, making each size incompatible with the other. A \"#2 x 6 Phillips screwdriver\" designation as commonly seen in tool catalogs describes a Number Two bit with a six-inch-long shank.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8840041160583496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screwdriver" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "Reed and Prince, also called Frearson, is another historic cross-head screw configuration. The cross in the screw head is sharper and less rounded than a Phillips, and the bit has 45° flukes and a sharper, pointed end. Also, the Phillips screw slot is not as deep as the Reed and Prince slot. In theory, different size R&P screws fit any R&P bit size. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5709540843963623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screwdriver" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "Pozidriv and the related Supadriv are widely used in Europe and most of the Far East. While Pozidriv screws have cross heads like Phillips and are sometimes thought effectively the same, the Pozidriv design allows higher torque application than Phillips. It is often claimed that they can apply more torque than any of the other commonly used cross-head screwdriver systems, due to a complex fluting (mating) configuration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.872101366519928, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screwdriver" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) cross-head screwdrivers are still another standard, often inaccurately referred to as Japanese Phillips. Compatible screw heads are usually identifiable by a single depressed dot or an \"X\" to one side of the cross slot. This is a screw standard throughout the Asia market and Japanese imports. The driver has a 57° point with a flat tip. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.6583170890808105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screwdriver" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "Modern screws employ a wide variety of drive designs, each requiring a different kind of tool to drive in or extract them. The most common screw drives are the slotted and Phillips in the US; hex, Robertson, and Torx are also common in some applications, and Pozidriv has almost completely replaced Phillips in Europe. Some types of drive are intended for automatic assembly in mass-production of such items as automobiles. More exotic screw drive types may be used in situations where tampering is undesirable, such as in electronic appliances that should not be serviced by the home repair person.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.37440890073776245, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screw" }, { "answer": "Phillips", "passage": "In the early 1930s, the popular Phillips-head screw was invented by American Henry F. Phillips. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.357370376586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Screw" } ]

[ { "answer": "Oslo", "passage": "The Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm. The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount. , the prize was worth 10 million SEK (about US$1.5 million). Since 1990, the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony is held at Oslo City Hall.", "precise_score": 8.787790298461914, "rough_score": 6.939794540405273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo, Norway", "passage": "The prize ceremonies take place annually in Stockholm, Sweden, except for the peace prize which is held in Oslo, Norway and each recipient, or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money that has been decided by the Nobel Foundation. (, each prize was worth SEK8 million or about , €0.93 million or £0.6 million.) The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics. ", "precise_score": 7.259349822998047, "rough_score": 7.344433784484863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo, Norway", "passage": "Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies' are held at the Stockholm Concert Hall, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at Stockholm City Hall. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–1946), at the auditorium of the University of Oslo (1947–1989) and at Oslo City Hall (1990–present). ", "precise_score": 7.83555793762207, "rough_score": 7.5425705909729, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo", "passage": "Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded on 10 December in Oslo City Hall each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947–89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–46), and the Parliament (1901–04).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.48422250151634216, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo", "passage": "From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, a few hundred metres from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the Norwegian Nobel Institute. From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the Storting (Parliament). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.631683349609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo", "passage": "During the occupation of Norway, three members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee fled into exile. The remaining members escaped persecution from the Germans when the Nobel Foundation stated that the Committee building in Oslo was Swedish property. Thus it was a safe haven from the German military, which was not at war with Sweden. These members kept the work of the Committee going, but did not award any prizes. In 1944, the Nobel Foundation, together with the three members in exile, made sure that nominations were submitted for the Peace Prize and that the prize could be awarded once again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.034851551055908, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo", "passage": "The interval between the award and the accomplishment it recognises varies from discipline to discipline. The Literature Prize is typically awarded to recognise a cumulative lifetime body of work rather than a single achievement. The Peace Prize can also be awarded for a lifetime body of work. For example, 2008 laureate Martti Ahtisaari was awarded for his work to resolve international conflicts. However, they can also be awarded for specific recent events. For instance, Kofi Annan was awarded the 2001 Peace Prize just four years after becoming the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Similarly Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, and Shimon Peres received the 1994 award, about a year after they successfully concluded the Oslo Accords. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.818742752075195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo", "passage": "The highlight of the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm occurs when each Nobel laureate steps forward to receive the prize from the hands of the King of Sweden. In Oslo, the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway. At first King Oscar II did not approve of awarding grand prizes to foreigners. It is said that his mind changed once his attention had been drawn to the publicity value of the prizes for Sweden. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.780231475830078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo", "passage": "The Nobel Peace Prize banquet is held in Norway at the Oslo Grand Hotel after the award ceremony. Apart from the laureate, guests include the President of the Storting, the Prime Minister, and, since 2006, the King and Queen of Norway. In total, about 250 guests attend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0831704139709473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "answer": "Oslo", "passage": "Stockholm is one of the cleanest capitals in the world. The city was granted the 2010 European Green Capital Award by the EU Commission; this was Europe’s first \"green capital\". Applicant cities were evaluated in several ways: climate change, local transport, public green areas, air quality, noise, waste, water consumption, waste water treatment, sustainable utilisation of land, biodiversity and environmental management. Out of 35 participant cities, eight finalists were chosen: Stockholm, Amsterdam, Bristol, Copenhagen, Freiburg, Hamburg, Münster, and Oslo. Some of the reasons why Stockholm won the 2010 European Green Capital Award were: its integrated administrative system, which ensures that environmental aspects are considered in budgets, operational planning, reporting, and monitoring; its cut in carbon dioxide emissions by 25% per capita in ten years; and its decision towards being fossil fuel free by 2050. Stockholm has long demonstrated concern for the environment. The city’s current environmental program is the fifth since the first one was established in the mid-1970s. In 2011, Stockholm passed the title of European Green Capital to Hamburg, Germany.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.557498931884766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm" }, { "answer": "Oslo, Norway", "passage": "Stockholm Central Station has train connections to many Swedish cities as well as to Oslo, Norway and Copenhagen, Denmark. The popular X 2000 service to Gothenburg takes three hours. Most of the trains are run by SJ AB.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.732837677001953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ural Mountains", "passage": "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but unusually dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people. The boundaries of Asia are traditionally determined as that of Eurasia; the division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal, the Ural River, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.", "precise_score": 2.624166965484619, "rough_score": 4.087503910064697, "source": "wiki", "title": "Asia" }, { "answer": "Ural Mountains", "passage": "Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 8.8% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the largest coastline, at 62800 km. Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma–Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 48 countries, two of them (Russia and Turkey) having part of their land in Europe.", "precise_score": 2.646080255508423, "rough_score": 3.678666353225708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Asia" }, { "answer": "Ural Mountains", "passage": "A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of Latin Christendom coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with Byzantium and Islam, and limited to northern Iberia, the British Isles, France, Christianised western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy. The concept is one of the lasting legacies of the Carolingian Renaissance: \"Europa\" often figures in the letters of Charlemagne's court scholar, Alcuin. This division—as much cultural as geographical—was used until the Late Middle Ages, when it was challenged by the Age of Discovery. The problem of redefining Europe was finally resolved in 1730 when, instead of waterways, the Swedish geographer and cartographer von Strahlenberg proposed the Ural Mountains as the most significant eastern boundary, a suggestion that found favour in Russia and throughout Europe. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.038097381591797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Europe" }, { "answer": "Urals", "passage": "Europe is now generally defined by geographers as the western part of Eurasia, with its boundaries marked by large bodies of water to the north, west and south; Europe's limits to the far east are usually taken to be the Urals, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea; to the southeast, including the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6610019207000732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Europe" }, { "answer": "Ural Mountains", "passage": "The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. Europe's most significant feature is the dichotomy between highland and mountainous Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Ireland in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and Alps/Carpathians. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian Mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex and Barents Sea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1791962385177612, "source": "wiki", "title": "Europe" }, { "answer": "Ural Mountains", "passage": "The border between Asia and Europe was historically defined by European academics. The Don River became unsatisfactory to northern Europeans when Peter the Great, king of the Tsardom of Russia, defeating rival claims of Sweden and the Ottoman Empire to the eastern lands, and armed resistance by the tribes of Siberia, synthesized a new Russian Empire extending to the Ural Mountains and beyond, founded in 1721. The major geographical theorist of the empire was actually a former Swedish prisoner-of-war, taken at the Battle of Poltava in 1709 and assigned to Tobolsk, where he associated with Peter's Siberian official, Vasily Tatishchev, and was allowed freedom to conduct geographical and anthropological studies in preparation for a future book.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.108956813812256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Asia" }, { "answer": "Urals", "passage": "In Sweden, five years after Peter's death, in 1730 Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published a new atlas proposing the Urals as the border of Asia. The Russians were enthusiastic about the concept, which allowed them to keep their European identity in geography. Tatishchev announced that he had proposed the idea to von Strahlenberg. The latter had suggested the Emba River as the lower boundary. Over the next century various proposals were made until the Ural River prevailed in the mid-19th century. The border had been moved perforce from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea into which the Ural River projects. The border between the Black Sea and the Caspian is usually placed along the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, although it is sometimes placed further north.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.946176528930664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Asia" }, { "answer": "Ural Mountains", "passage": "Some argue that continents are accretionary crustal \"rafts\" that, unlike the denser basaltic crust of the ocean basins, are not subjected to destruction through the plate tectonic process of subduction. This accounts for the great age of the rocks comprising the continental cratons. By this definition, Eastern Europe, India and some other regions could be regarded as continental masses distinct from the rest of Eurasia because they have separate ancient shield areas (i.e. East European craton and Indian craton). Younger mobile belts (such as the Ural Mountains and Himalayas) mark the boundaries between these regions and the rest of Eurasia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.713310718536377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Continent" } ]

[ { "answer": "Wow", "passage": "Olestra was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as a food additive in 1996, and was initially used in potato chips under the WOW brand by Frito Lay. In 1998, the first year olestra products were marketed nationally after the FDA's Food Advisory Committee confirmed a judgment it made two years earlier, sales were over $400 million. By 2000, though, sales slowed to $200 million. P&G abandoned attempts to widen the uses of olestra, and sold off its Cincinnati-based factory to Twin Rivers Technologies in February 2002.", "precise_score": 3.8445191383361816, "rough_score": 3.76248836517334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olestra" } ]

[ { "answer": "1901", "passage": "The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian, Danish and Swedish: ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since December 1901, it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who have \"done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses\". ", "precise_score": 3.9734318256378174, "rough_score": 2.9412052631378174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "answer": "1901", "passage": "Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded on 10 December in Oslo City Hall each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947–89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–46), and the Parliament (1901–04).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9705917835235596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "answer": "1901", "passage": "In 2009, a record 205 nominations were received, but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations. The statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded. Over time, many individuals have become known as \"Nobel Peace Prize Nominees\", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration. Nominations from 1901 to 1956, however, have been released in a database. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4254924058914185, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "answer": "1901", "passage": "From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, a few hundred metres from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the Norwegian Nobel Institute. From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the Storting (Parliament). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1703025102615356, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" } ]

[ { "answer": "18", "passage": "The name \"Seattle\" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed. In 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city. The town of Seattle was disincorporated January 18, 1867 and remained a mere precinct of King County until late 1869, when a new petition was filed and the city was re-incorporated December 2, 1869 with a Mayor-council government. The corporate seal of the City of Seattle carries the date \"1869\" and a likeness of Chief Sealth in left profile. ", "precise_score": -8.80423641204834, "rough_score": -9.671367645263672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": " However, the Panic of 1893 hit Seattle hard. ", "precise_score": -9.142293930053711, "rough_score": -9.616401672363281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "The second and most dramatic boom and bust resulted from the Klondike Gold Rush, which ended the depression that had begun with the Panic of 1893; in a short time, Seattle became a major transportation center. On July 14, 1897, the S.S. Portland docked with its famed \"ton of gold\", and Seattle became the main transport and supply point for the miners in Alaska and the Yukon. Few of those working men found lasting wealth, however; it was Seattle's business of clothing the miners and feeding them salmon that panned out in the long run. Along with Seattle, other cities like Everett, Tacoma, Port Townsend, Bremerton, and Olympia, all in the Puget Sound region, became competitors for exchange, rather than mother lodes for extraction, of precious metals. The boom lasted well into the early part of the 20th century and funded many new Seattle companies and products. In 1907, 19-year-old James E. Casey borrowed $100 from a friend and founded the American Messenger Company (later UPS). Other Seattle companies founded during this period include Nordstrom and Eddie Bauer. Seattle brought in the Olmsted Brothers landscape architecture firm to design a system of parks and boulevards. ", "precise_score": -10.454479217529297, "rough_score": -9.759138107299805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "From 1869 until 1982, Seattle was known as the \"Queen City\". Seattle's current official nickname is the \"Emerald City\", the result of a contest held in 1981; the reference is to the lush evergreen forests of the area. Seattle is also referred to informally as the \"Gateway to Alaska\" for being the nearest major city in the contiguous US to Alaska, \"Rain City\" for its frequent cloudy and rainy weather, and \"Jet City\" from the local influence of Boeing. The city has two official slogans or mottos: \"The City of Flowers\", meant to encourage the planting of flowers to beautify the city, and \"The City of Goodwill\", adopted prior to the 1990 Goodwill Games. Seattle residents are known as Seattleites.", "precise_score": -8.768627166748047, "rough_score": -9.17888355255127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "According to the 2007 American Community Survey, 18.6% of Seattle residents used one of the three public transit systems that serve the city, giving it the highest transit ridership of all major cities without heavy or light rail prior to the completion of Sound Transit's Central Link line. The city has also been described by Bert Sperling as the fourth most walkable U.S. city and by Walk Score as the sixth most walkable of the fifty largest U.S. cities. ", "precise_score": -8.749457359313965, "rough_score": -7.298820495605469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "In 2000 Billboard pop music researcher Joel Whitburn named King the most successful female songwriter of 1955–99 because she wrote or co-wrote 118 pop hits on the Billboard Hot 100. King wrote 61 hits that charted in the UK. In 2005 music historian Stuart Devoy found her the most successful female songwriter on the UK singles charts 1952–2005. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.529777526855469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carole King" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "In 2008, King appeared on the March 18 episode of The Colbert Report, touching on her politics again. She said she was supporting Hillary Clinton, and said the choice had nothing to do with gender. She also said she would have no issues if Barack Obama won the election. Before the show's conclusion, she returned to the stage to perform \"I Feel the Earth Move\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465944290161133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carole King" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "The Seattle area was previously inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, Oregon, on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named it \"Seattle\" in 1852, after Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.948216438293457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District. The jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.846199035644531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "In 1851, a large party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River; they formally claimed it on September 14, 1851. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party. Members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28, 1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon and landed on Alki point during a rainstorm on November 13, 1851.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.437034606933594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "Duwamps 1852–1853", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.590893745422363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "After a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. Charles Terry and John Low remained at the original landing location and reestablished their old land claim and called it \"New York\", but renamed \"New York Alki\" in April 1853, from a Chinook word meaning, roughly, \"by and by\" or \"someday\". For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, but in time Alki was abandoned and its residents moved across the bay to join the rest of the settlers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25566577911377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": " Like much of the American West, Seattle saw numerous conflicts between labor and management, as well as ethnic tensions that culminated in the anti-Chinese riots of 1885–1886. This violence originated with unemployed whites who were determined to drive the Chinese from Seattle (anti-Chinese riots also occurred in Tacoma). In 1900, Asians were 4.2% of the population. Authorities declared martial law and federal troops arrived to put down the disorder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.861897468566895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "Seattle achieved sufficient economic success that when the Great Seattle Fire of 1889 destroyed the central business district, a far grander city-center rapidly emerged in its place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.54478931427002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly and one more by heart failure. Although the Seattle Fault passes just south of the city center, neither it nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.5272798538208, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "Seattle typically receives some snowfall on an annual basis but heavy snow is rare. Average annual snowfall, as measured at Sea-Tac Airport, is . Single calendar-day snowfall of six inches (15 cm) or greater has occurred on only 15 days since 1948, and only once since February 17, 1990, when of snow officially fell at Sea-Tac airport on January 18, 2012. This moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985. Much of the city of Seattle proper received somewhat lesser snowfall accumulations. Locations to the south of Seattle received more, with Olympia and Chehalis receiving 14 to. Another moderate snow event occurred from December 12–25, 2008, when over one foot (30 cm) of snow fell and stuck on much of the roads over those two weeks, when temperatures remained below 32 °F, causing widespread difficulties in a city not equipped for clearing snow. The largest documented snowstorm occurred from January 5–9, 1880, with snow drifting to 6 ft in places at the end of the snow event. From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in of snow on the ground by the time the event was over. With official records dating to 1948, the largest single-day snowfall is on January 13, 1950. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from zero in 1991–92 to in 1968–69, with trace amounts having occurred as recently as 2009–10. The month of January 1950 was particularly severe, bringing of snow, the most of any month along with the aforementioned record cold.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.39513111114502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong Province. The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants. The Seattle-Tacoma area is also home to one of the largest Cambodian communities in the United States, numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans, and one of the largest Samoan communities in the mainland U.S., with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry. Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. According to a 2012 HistoryLink study, Seattle's 98118 ZIP code (in the Columbia City neighborhood) was one of the most diverse ZIP Code Tabulation Areas in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.91234016418457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "In 1999, the median income of a city household was $45,736, and the median income for a family was $62,195. Males had a median income of $40,929 versus $35,134 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,306. 11.8% of the population and 6.9% of families are below the poverty line. Of people living in poverty, 13.8% are under the age of 18 and 10.2% are 65 or older.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.017576217651367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "Between 1918 and 1951, there were nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs along Jackson Street, running from the current Chinatown/International District to the Central District. The jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Bumps Blackwell, Ernestine Anderson, and others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47508716583252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "Woodland Park Zoo opened as a private menagerie in 1889 but was sold to the city in 1899. The Seattle Aquarium has been open on the downtown waterfront since 1977 (undergoing a renovation 2006). The Seattle Underground Tour is an exhibit of places that existed before the Great Fire. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.377715110778809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": ", Seattle has one major daily newspaper, The Seattle Times. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, known as the P-I, published a daily newspaper from 1863 to March 17, 2009, before switching to a strictly on-line publication. There is also the Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce, and the University of Washington publishes The Daily, a student-run publication, when school is in session. The most prominent weeklies are the Seattle Weekly and The Stranger; both consider themselves \"alternative\" papers. The weekly LGBT newspaper is the Seattle Gay News. Real Change is a weekly street newspaper that is sold mainly by homeless persons as an alternative to panhandling. There are also several ethnic newspapers, including the The Facts, Northwest Asian Weekly and the International Examiner, and numerous neighborhood newspapers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.302732467651367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "18", "passage": "The first streetcars appeared in 1889 and were instrumental in the creation of a relatively well-defined downtown and strong neighborhoods at the end of their lines. The advent of the automobile sounded the death knell for rail in Seattle. Tacoma–Seattle railway service ended in 1929 and the Everett–Seattle service came to an end in 1939, replaced by inexpensive automobiles running on the recently developed highway system. Rails on city streets were paved over or removed, and the opening of the Seattle trolleybus system brought the end of streetcars in Seattle in 1941. This left an extensive network of privately owned buses (later public) as the only mass transit within the city and throughout the region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.583460807800293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" } ]

[ { "answer": "Green", "passage": "Libya's system of governance during the Jamahiriya era was based on Gaddafi's theories outlined in his The Green Book, published in 1975. Under the Jamahiriya system, political issues for debate were raised at local level around the country, convened by any one of about 2,000 local \"people's committees\". The committees would then pass their votes to a central general committee formed by elected members, where votes at the local congresses would finally influence the outcomes of national decisions. ", "precise_score": -5.8763041496276855, "rough_score": -8.872038841247559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Libya" }, { "answer": "Green", "passage": "By 22 August 2011, rebel fighters had entered Tripoli and occupied Green Square, which they renamed Martyrs' Square in honour of those killed since 17 February 2011. On 20 October 2011 the last heavy fighting of the uprising came to an end in the city of Sirte, where Gaddafi was captured and killed. The defeat of loyalist forces was celebrated on 23 October 2011, three days after the fall of Sirte.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.887031555175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Libya" }, { "answer": "Green", "passage": "In 2007 Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, the second-eldest son of Muammar Gaddafi, was involved in a green development project called the Green Mountain Sustainable Development Area, which sought to bring tourism to Cyrene and to preserve Greek ruins in the area. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.402664184570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Libya" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "passage": "Thompson recruited and hired Jack Patera, a Minnesota Vikings assistant coach, to be the first head coach of the Seahawks; the hiring was announced on January 3, 1976. The expansion draft was held March 30–31, 1976, with Seattle and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers alternating picks for rounds selecting unprotected players from the other 26 teams in the league. The Seahawks were awarded the 2nd overall pick in the 1976 draft, a pick they used on defensive tackle Steve Niehaus. The team took the field for the first time on August 1, 1976 in a pre-season game against the San Francisco 49ers in the then newly constructed Kingdome.", "precise_score": 4.20009708404541, "rough_score": 5.356386661529541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle Seahawks" }, { "answer": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "passage": "The Seattle Seahawks are a professional American football franchise based in Seattle, Washington. The Seahawks compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) West division. The Seahawks joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team, along with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The Seahawks are owned by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and are currently coached by Pete Carroll. Since 2002, the Seahawks have played their home games at CenturyLink Field (formerly Qwest Field), located south of downtown Seattle. The Seahawks previously played home games in the Kingdome (1976–1999) and Husky Stadium (1994, 2000–2001).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.411097526550293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle Seahawks" }, { "answer": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "passage": "On September 27, 2009, the Seahawks wore lime green jerseys for the first time, paired with new dark navy blue pants in a game against the Chicago Bears. The jerseys matched their new sister team, the expansion Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer who wear green jerseys with blue pants. On December 6, 2009, the Seahawks wore their Seahawks blue jersey with the new dark navy blue pants for the first time, in a game against the San Francisco 49ers. The Seahawks broke out the same combo two weeks later against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and two weeks after that in the 2009 regular season finale against the Tennessee Titans. In December 2009, then-coach Jim Mora announced that the new lime green jerseys were being retired because the team did not win in them, because he liked the home jerseys better, and added that the home jersey is a better match for the navy pants. In the same press conference, he stated that the new navy pants \"felt better\" on players as opposed to the Seahawks blue pants. For the 2010 season, Seattle returned to the traditional all \"Seahawks Blue\" at home and all white on the road.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.097984790802002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle Seahawks" }, { "answer": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "passage": "*Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235033988952637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Expansion team" } ]

[ { "answer": "Po", "passage": "Teletubbies is a British pre-school children's television series created by Ragdoll Productions' Anne Wood CBE and Andrew Davenport. The programme focuses on four multi-coloured toddlers of a mythological species known as \"Teletubbies,\" named for the television screens implanted in their abdomens. Recognised throughout popular culture for the uniquely-shaped antenna protruding from the head of each character, the Teletubbies communicate through gibberish and were designed to bear resemblance to young children. ", "precise_score": -1.6089215278625488, "rough_score": -1.4984030723571777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "Teletubbies has been aired in over 120 countries in 45 different languages. In the United States, the series airs on Nickelodeon as part of the Nick Jr. block. Episodes are also released through the Nick Jr. mobile application and on-demand services. The original series is available as part of the Noggin subscription service in North America. It had aired on PBS Kids until 2008. BBC Worldwide channels carry the series in most of Africa, Asia and Poland. A Spanish dub airs on Clan in Spain. In Greece, the series airs on Nickelodeon Greece. NPO Zappelin carries the show in the Netherlands and MTVA airs it in Hungary. In Australia and New Zealand, the series airs on CBeebies Australia and ABC Kids. JimJam's Benelux feed airs the series and Ultra airs it in Serbia. Teletubbies also airs on SIC in Portugal and e-Junior in the Middle East.", "precise_score": -3.741774559020996, "rough_score": -3.292574405670166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "Kids' meal tie-ins have been released at fast-food restaurants throughout North America. In May 1999, Burger King distributed a set of six Teletubbies plush toys. They also included chicken nuggets shaped like the characters on their menu for a brief period of time. Keychains modelled after the characters were available at McDonald's in April 2000. These promotions became controversial among adults who believed they were intended to attract toddlers to high-fat food. Psychiatrist Alvin Francis Poussaint considered the deals \"troubling.\" He voiced his opinion on the matter publicly, but did not take action against the companies. ", "precise_score": -6.148140907287598, "rough_score": -3.435285806655884, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "Upon the show's release, some critics feared that the characters' use of babbling in place of complete sentences would negatively affect young viewers' ability to communicate. The Daily Mirror reported in 1997 that many parents objected to its \"goo-goo style\" and \"said the show was a bad influence on their children.\" Marina Krcmar, a professor of communication at the Wake Forest University, told interviewers in 2007 that \"toddlers learn more from an adult speaker than they do from a program such as Teletubbies.\" Psychiatrist Aric Sigman has expressed his belief that \"Teletubbies is as bad for your child as a violent video game.\" However, Paul McCann of The Independent defended this aspect of the show, stating that \"Teletubbies upsets those who automatically assume that progressive and creative learning is trendy nonsense. Those who believe that education should be strictly disciplined and functional, even when you're 18 months old. Thankfully Teletubbies isn't for them. It's for kids.\"", "precise_score": -3.4114863872528076, "rough_score": -2.022531747817993, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "The programme takes place in a grassy, floral landscape populated by rabbits with bird calls audible in the background. The main shelter of the four Teletubbies is an earth house (known as the \"Tubbytronic Superdome\") implanted in the ground and accessed through a hole at the top. The creatures co-exist with a number of strange contraptions such as the Noo-noo, the group's anthropomorphic blue vacuum cleaner, and the Voice Trumpets. The show's colourful, psychedelic setting was designed specifically to appeal to the attention spans of infants and unlock different sections of the mind while also educating young children of transitions that can be expected in life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.886863708496094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "An assortment of rituals are performed throughout the course of every episode, such as the playful interactions between the Teletubbies and the Voice Trumpets, the mishaps caused by the Noo-noo, the footage of live children displayed on the screens in the Teletubbies' stomachs, and the magical event that occurs once per episode. The event differs each time; it is often caused inexplicably and is frequently strange yet whimsical. Each episode is closed by the Voice Trumpets and the narrator to the disappointed, reluctant, but eventually obedient Teletubbies, who bid the viewer farewell as they disappear into the Tubbytronic Superdome yet again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.762973785400391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "P O", "passage": "*Dipsy (played by John Simmit in the original series and by Nick Kellington in the revival series) is the second Teletubby. He is green and named after his antenna, which resembles a dipstick. Dipsy is the most stubborn of the Teletubbies, and will occasionally refuse to go along with the others' group opinion. His face is notably darker than the rest of the Teletubbies, and the creators have stated that he is black. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.248985767364502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "*Po (played by Pui Fan Lee in the original series and by Rachelle Beinart in the revival series) is the fourth Teletubby, as well as the shortest and youngest. She is red and has an antenna shaped like a stick used for blowing soap bubbles. Po normally speaks in a soft voice and has been stated by the show's creators to be Cantonese.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.352480888366699, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "Supporting characters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.187832832336426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "*The Tubby Phone (voiced by Jane Horrocks) is a character in the revival series, who transports the Teletubbies to the modern world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.814675807952881, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "Golden Bear Toys distributed the first line of Teletubbies dolls shortly after the programme's debut. They were sold internationally, with talking toys available in multiple languages. Hasbro signed on to develop a new range of products in 1998. In 1999, Microsoft UK released a set of interactive \"ActiMates\" toys based on the characters. The Rasta Imposta company introduced Teletubbies costumes for children and adults in the same year. Two educational video games featuring the characters were also released throughout the series' run. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.66937780380249, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "Teletubbies dolls were the top-selling Christmas toy in 1997. Demand outstripped supply at most retailers, reportedly prompting many shops to ration them to one per customer. In some cases, shoppers camped outside stores overnight in hopes of purchasing Teletubbies merchandise. Fights over the toys broke out among parents and collectors on occasion. Over one million dolls were sold in Britain by 25 December of that year, with Golden Bear representatives estimating that sales could have reached three million if supplies had been available. The plush toys were named \"Toy of the Year\" by the British Association of Toy Retailers in 1998. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.251716613769531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "To commemorate the tenth anniversary of the premiere of Teletubbies, a series of events took place from March to April 2007. The characters headlined an invitation-only event in London on 21 March 2007. They appeared in New York City's Times Square, Grand Central Terminal, and Apollo Theater. They were also interviewed on The Today Show in an episode that included the first televised appearance of the actors without their costumes. A partnership was formed with Isaac Mizrahi in which Mizrahi designed Teletubbies-inspired bags to be auctioned off to benefit charities. A new line of clothing was launched at the Pop-Up Shop and other specialty stores. New York City mayor Mike Bloomberg announced 28 March 2007 \"Teletubbies Day\" and gave the key to the city to the Teletubbies. Following their show in New York, the Teletubbies went on their first live European tour, performing in London, Paris, Bremen, Darmstadt, Halle, Hamburg, Köln, and Hannover. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2845354080200195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "Tinky Winky started a controversy in 1999 because of his carrying a bag that looks much like a woman's handbag (although he was first \"outed\" by the academic and cultural critic Andy Medhurst in a letter of July 1997 to The Face). He aroused the interest of Jerry Falwell in 1999 when Falwell alleged that the character was a \"gay role model\". Falwell issued an attack in his National Liberty Journal, citing a Washington Post \"In/Out\" column which stated that lesbian comedian Ellen DeGeneres was \"out\" as the chief national gay representative, while trendy Tinky Winky was \"in.\" He warned parents that Tinky Winky could be a covert homosexual symbol, because \"he is purple, the gay pride colour, and his antenna is shaped like a triangle: the gay pride symbol.\" The BBC made an official response, explaining that \"Tinky Winky is simply a sweet, technological baby with a magic bag.\" Ken Viselman of Itsy-Bitsy Entertainment commented, \"He's not gay. He's not straight. He's just a character in a children's series.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.397932052612305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "In May 2007, Polish Ombudsman for Children Ewa Sowińska revisited the matter, and planned to order an investigation. \"I noticed that he has a woman's handbag, but I didn't realise he's a boy,\" Sowińska said in a public statement. She asked her office's psychologists to look into the allegations. After the research in late 2007, she stated: \"The opinion of a leading sexologist, who maintains that this series has no negative effects on a child's psychology, is perfectly credible. As a result I have decided that it is no longer necessary to seek the opinion of other psychologists.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.189160346984863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "In popular culture ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.938776016235352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "* In episode 12 of The Vicar of Dibley, Laa-Laa and Po are bridesmaids. They hold the wedding-dress train of Alice Springs Horton (née Tinker). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.053882598876953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "* In the eleventh episode of the second series of The Chaser's War on Everything, the possibility of Tinky Winky being homosexual was parodied when the Chaser's tested the Peel Hotel (in Collingwood, Melbourne, Victoria)'s gaydar with a Tinky Winky costumed figure that acted in a stereotypical homosexual fashion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.688344478607178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "* In 2012, during a full second and third series of tvN's Saturday Night Live Korea, the programme was referenced as Yeouido Teletubbies (여의도 텔레토비) to portray the 2012 presidential election campaign. This experimental skit caused the popularity of SNL Korea's 'Crew', Kim Seul-gie and Kim Min-kyo, who acted major candidates respectably, to skyrocket. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.608060359954834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "answer": "Po", "passage": "In December 1997, BBC Worldwide released a CD single from the series, based on the show's theme song, called \"Teletubbies say 'Eh-oh!'\" It is the only single from Teletubbies, making the characters a one-hit wonder in the United Kingdom. The song was written by Andrew McCrorie-Shand and Andrew Davenport, and produced by McCrorie-Shand and Steve James. The single reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart in December 1997, and remained in the Top 75 for 32 weeks after its release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.195631980895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Teletubbies" } ]

[ { "answer": "Textiles", "passage": "In the United States, dry goods are products such as textiles, ready-to-wear clothing, and sundries. In U.S. retailing, a dry-goods store carries consumer goods that are distinct from those carried by hardware stores and grocery stores.", "precise_score": 6.739080429077148, "rough_score": 7.235851287841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dry goods" }, { "answer": "Textiles", "passage": "Dry goods as a term for textiles has been dated back to 1742 in England or even a century earlier. Dry goods can be carried by stores specializing only in those products (a type of specialty store), or may be carried by a general store or a department store. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.784530162811279, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dry goods" } ]

[ { "answer": "4", "passage": "The second and most dramatic boom and bust resulted from the Klondike Gold Rush, which ended the depression that had begun with the Panic of 1893; in a short time, Seattle became a major transportation center. On July 14, 1897, the S.S. Portland docked with its famed \"ton of gold\", and Seattle became the main transport and supply point for the miners in Alaska and the Yukon. Few of those working men found lasting wealth, however; it was Seattle's business of clothing the miners and feeding them salmon that panned out in the long run. Along with Seattle, other cities like Everett, Tacoma, Port Townsend, Bremerton, and Olympia, all in the Puget Sound region, became competitors for exchange, rather than mother lodes for extraction, of precious metals. The boom lasted well into the early part of the 20th century and funded many new Seattle companies and products. In 1907, 19-year-old James E. Casey borrowed $100 from a friend and founded the American Messenger Company (later UPS). Other Seattle companies founded during this period include Nordstrom and Eddie Bauer. Seattle brought in the Olmsted Brothers landscape architecture firm to design a system of parks and boulevards. ", "precise_score": -8.796499252319336, "rough_score": -9.35252571105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "A shipbuilding boom in the early part of the 20th century became massive during World War I, making Seattle somewhat of a company town; the subsequent retrenchment led to the Seattle General Strike of 1919, the first general strike in the country. A 1912 city development plan by Virgil Bogue went largely unused. Seattle was mildly prosperous in the 1920s but was particularly hard hit in the Great Depression, experiencing some of the country's harshest labor strife in that era. Violence during the Maritime Strike of 1934 cost Seattle much of its maritime traffic, which was rerouted to the Port of Los Angeles. ", "precise_score": -8.813232421875, "rough_score": -9.725445747375488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "War work again brought local prosperity during World War II, this time centered on Boeing aircraft. The war dispersed the city's numerous Japanese-American businessmen due to the Japanese American internment. After the war, the local economy dipped. It rose again with Boeing's growing dominance in the commercial airliner market. Seattle celebrated its restored prosperity and made a bid for world recognition with the Century 21 Exposition, the 1962 World's Fair. Another major local economic downturn was in the late 1960s and early 1970s, at a time when Boeing was heavily affected by the oil crises, loss of Government contracts, and costs and delays associated with the Boeing 747. Many people left the area to look for work elsewhere, and two local real estate agents put up a billboard reading \"Will the last person leaving Seattle – Turn out the lights.\" ", "precise_score": -9.331971168518066, "rough_score": -9.729720115661621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Yet another boom began as the city emerged from the Great Recession. Amazon.com moved its headquarters from North Beacon Hill to South Lake Union and began a rapid expansion. For the five years beginning in 2010, Seattle gained an average of 14,511 residents per year, with the growth strongly skewed toward the center of the city, as unemployment dropped from roughly 9 percent to 3.6 percent. The city has found itself \"bursting at the seams\", with over 45,000 households spending more than half their income on housing and at least 2,800 people homeless, and with the country's sixth-worst rush hour traffic.", "precise_score": -9.7623872756958, "rough_score": -9.722610473632812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly and one more by heart failure. Although the Seattle Fault passes just south of the city center, neither it nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill. ", "precise_score": -9.209802627563477, "rough_score": -9.227147102355957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "In recent years, the city has experienced steady population growth, and has been faced with the issue of accommodating more residents. In 2006, after growing by 4,000 citizens per year for the previous 16 years, regional planners expected the population of Seattle to grow by 200,000 people by 2040. However, former mayor Greg Nickels supported plans that would increase the population by 60%, or 350,000 people, by 2040 and worked on ways to accommodate this growth while keeping Seattle's single-family housing zoning laws. The Seattle City Council later voted to relax height limits on buildings in the greater part of Downtown, partly with the aim to increase residential density in the city centre. As a sign of increasing inner-city growth, the downtown population crested to over 60,000 in 2009, up 77% since 1990. ", "precise_score": -10.035238265991211, "rough_score": -9.75939655303955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle has been a regional center for the performing arts for many years. The century-old Seattle Symphony Orchestra is among the world's most recorded and performs primarily at Benaroya Hall. The Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet, which perform at McCaw Hall (opened 2003 on the site of the former Seattle Opera House at Seattle Center), are comparably distinguished, with the Opera being particularly known for its performances of the works of Richard Wagner and the PNB School (founded in 1974) ranking as one of the top three ballet training institutions in the United States. The Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestras (SYSO) is the largest symphonic youth organization in the United States. The city also boasts lauded summer and winter chamber music festivals organized by the Seattle Chamber Music Society. ", "precise_score": -8.582941055297852, "rough_score": -9.825657844543457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The University of Washington is consistently ranked among the country's top leading institutions in medical research, earning special merits for programs in neurology and neurosurgery. Seattle has seen local developments of modern paramedic services with the establishment of Medic One in 1970. In 1974, a 60 Minutes story on the success of the then four-year-old Medic One paramedic system called Seattle \"the best place in the world to have a heart attack\". ", "precise_score": -8.959685325622559, "rough_score": -9.669857025146484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The first streetcars appeared in 1889 and were instrumental in the creation of a relatively well-defined downtown and strong neighborhoods at the end of their lines. The advent of the automobile sounded the death knell for rail in Seattle. Tacoma–Seattle railway service ended in 1929 and the Everett–Seattle service came to an end in 1939, replaced by inexpensive automobiles running on the recently developed highway system. Rails on city streets were paved over or removed, and the opening of the Seattle trolleybus system brought the end of streetcars in Seattle in 1941. This left an extensive network of privately owned buses (later public) as the only mass transit within the city and throughout the region.", "precise_score": -9.225011825561523, "rough_score": -9.283170700073242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The main mode of transportation, however, relies on Seattle's streets, which are laid out in a cardinal directions grid pattern, except in the central business district where early city leaders Arthur Denny and Carson Boren insisted on orienting their plats relative to the shoreline rather than to true North. Only two roads, Interstate 5 and State Route 99 (both limited-access highways), run uninterrupted through the city from north to south. State Route 99 runs through downtown Seattle on the Alaskan Way Viaduct, which was built in 1953. However, due to damage sustained during the 2001 Nisqually earthquake the viaduct will be replaced by a tunnel. The 2 mi Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel was originally scheduled to be completed in December 2015 at a cost of US$4.25 billion. Unfortunately, due to issues with the worlds largest tunnel boring machine (TBM), which is nicknamed \"Bertha\" and is 57 ft in diameter, the projected date of completion has been pushed back to 2017. Seattle has the 8th worst traffic congestion of all American cities, and is 10th among all North American cities. ", "precise_score": -9.811466217041016, "rough_score": -9.35205078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle is a West Coast seaport city and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the Top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. The Seattle metropolitan area is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the United States with over 3.7 million inhabitants. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 100 mi south of the Canada–United States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the third largest port in North America in terms of container handling . ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.1353759765625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The Seattle area was previously inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, Oregon, on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named it \"Seattle\" in 1852, after Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.291114807128906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late-19th century, the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Growth returned during and after World War II partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region. In 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.445076942443848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people (subsequently called the Duwamish tribe) occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.573967933654785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "In 1851, a large party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River; they formally claimed it on September 14, 1851. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party. Members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28, 1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon and landed on Alki point during a rainstorm on November 13, 1851.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.026294708251953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The name \"Seattle\" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed. In 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city. The town of Seattle was disincorporated January 18, 1867 and remained a mere precinct of King County until late 1869, when a new petition was filed and the city was re-incorporated December 2, 1869 with a Mayor-council government. The corporate seal of the City of Seattle carries the date \"1869\" and a likeness of Chief Sealth in left profile. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.57637882232666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": " Like much of the American West, Seattle saw numerous conflicts between labor and management, as well as ethnic tensions that culminated in the anti-Chinese riots of 1885–1886. This violence originated with unemployed whites who were determined to drive the Chinese from Seattle (anti-Chinese riots also occurred in Tacoma). In 1900, Asians were 4.2% of the population. Authorities declared martial law and federal troops arrived to put down the disorder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.331889152526855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago. The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's Renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and Everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787). The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.233388900756836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The topography of Seattle is hilly. The city lies on several hills, including Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Magnolia, Denny Hill, and Queen Anne. The Kitsap and the Olympic peninsulas along with the Olympic mountains lie to the west of Puget Sound, while the Cascade Range and Lake Sammamish lie to the east of Lake Washington. The city has over 5540 acres of parkland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.486635208129883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "four", "passage": "North of the city center, Lake Washington Ship Canal connects Puget Sound to Lake Washington. It incorporates four natural bodies of water: Lake Union, Salmon Bay, Portage Bay, and Union Bay.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10982894897461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , water (41.16% of the total area).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346636772155762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "From 1981 to 2010, the average annual precipitation measured at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport was 37.49 inches (952 mm). Annual precipitation has ranged from in 1952 to in 1950; for water year (October 1 – September 30) precipitation, the range is in 1976–77 to in 1996–97. Due to local variations in microclimate, Seattle also receives significantly lower precipitation than some other locations west of the Cascades. Around 80 mi to the west, the Hoh Rain Forest in Olympic National Park on the western flank of the Olympic Mountains receives an annual average precipitation of 142 in. Sixty miles (95 km) to the south of Seattle, the state capital Olympia, which is out of the Olympic Mountains' rain shadow, receives an annual average precipitation of 50 in. The city of Bremerton, about 15 mi west of downtown Seattle, receives of precipitation annually.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.52128791809082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "In November, Seattle averages more rainfall than any other U.S. city of more than 250,000 people; it also ranks highly in winter precipitation. Conversely, the city receives some of the lowest precipitation amounts of any large city from June to September. Seattle is one of the five rainiest major U.S. cities as measured by the number of days with precipitation, and it receives some of the lowest amounts of annual sunshine among major cities in the lower 48 states, along with some cities in the Northeast, Ohio and Michigan. Thunderstorms are rare, as the city reports thunder on just seven days per year. By comparison, Fort Myers, Florida reports thunder on 93 days per year, Kansas City on 52, and New York City on 25.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544754028320312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle experiences its heaviest rainfall during the months of November, December and January, receiving roughly half of its annual rainfall (by volume) during this period. In late fall and early winter, atmospheric rivers (also known as \"Pineapple Express\" systems), strong frontal systems, and Pacific low pressure systems are common. Light rain & drizzle are the predominant forms of precipitation during the remainder of the year; for instance, on average, less than of rain falls in July and August combined when rain is rare. On occasion, Seattle experiences somewhat more significant weather events. One such event occurred on December 2–4, 2007, when sustained hurricane-force winds and widespread heavy rainfall associated with a strong Pineapple Express event occurred in the greater Puget Sound area and the western parts of Washington and Oregon. Precipitation totals exceeded 350 mm in some areas with winds topping out at 209 km/h along coastal Oregon. It became the second wettest event in Seattle history when a little over 130 mm of rain fell on Seattle in a 24-hour period. Lack of adaptation to the heavy rain contributed to five deaths and widespread flooding and damage. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.045580863952637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Autumn, winter, and early spring are frequently characterized by rain. Winters are cool and wet with December, the coolest month, averaging , with 28 annual days with lows that reach the freezing mark, and 2.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing all day; the temperature rarely lowers to 20 °F. Summers are sunny, dry and warm, with August, the warmest month, averaging , and with temperatures reaching 90 °F on 3.1 days per year, although 2011 is the most recent year to not reach 90, 2015 had 13days over 90 degrees.  °F. The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F the day the official record high was set. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 16 through March 10, allowing a growing season of 250 days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89645004272461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle typically receives some snowfall on an annual basis but heavy snow is rare. Average annual snowfall, as measured at Sea-Tac Airport, is . Single calendar-day snowfall of six inches (15 cm) or greater has occurred on only 15 days since 1948, and only once since February 17, 1990, when of snow officially fell at Sea-Tac airport on January 18, 2012. This moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985. Much of the city of Seattle proper received somewhat lesser snowfall accumulations. Locations to the south of Seattle received more, with Olympia and Chehalis receiving 14 to. Another moderate snow event occurred from December 12–25, 2008, when over one foot (30 cm) of snow fell and stuck on much of the roads over those two weeks, when temperatures remained below 32 °F, causing widespread difficulties in a city not equipped for clearing snow. The largest documented snowstorm occurred from January 5–9, 1880, with snow drifting to 6 ft in places at the end of the snow event. From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in of snow on the ground by the time the event was over. With official records dating to 1948, the largest single-day snowfall is on January 13, 1950. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from zero in 1991–92 to in 1968–69, with trace amounts having occurred as recently as 2009–10. The month of January 1950 was particularly severe, bringing of snow, the most of any month along with the aforementioned record cold.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.589638710021973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "*Asian: 13.8% (4.1% Chinese, 2.6% Filipino, 2.2% Vietnamese, 1.3% Japanese, 1.1% Korean, 0.8% Indian, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.3% Laotian, 0.2% Pakistanis, 0.2% Indonesian, 0.2% Thai)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324750900268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "*Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 6.6% (4.1% Mexican, 0.3% Puerto Rican, 0.2% Guatemalan, 0.2% Salvadoran, 0.2% Cuban)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.496726989746094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "*Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.4%", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.397480010986328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "*Other race: 2.4%", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.223821640014648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle's population historically has been predominantly white. The 2010 census showed that Seattle was one of the whitest big cities in the country, although its proportion of white residents has been gradually declining. In 1960, whites comprised 91.6% of the city's population, while in 2010 they comprised 69.5%. According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, approximately 78.9% of residents over the age of five spoke only English at home. Those who spoke Asian languages other than Indo-European languages made up 10.2% of the population, Spanish was spoken by 4.5% of the population, speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.9%, and speakers of other languages made up 2.5%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.677977561950684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong Province. The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants. The Seattle-Tacoma area is also home to one of the largest Cambodian communities in the United States, numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans, and one of the largest Samoan communities in the mainland U.S., with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry. Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. According to a 2012 HistoryLink study, Seattle's 98118 ZIP code (in the Columbia City neighborhood) was one of the most diverse ZIP Code Tabulation Areas in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.663325309753418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "In 1999, the median income of a city household was $45,736, and the median income for a family was $62,195. Males had a median income of $40,929 versus $35,134 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,306. 11.8% of the population and 6.9% of families are below the poverty line. Of people living in poverty, 13.8% are under the age of 18 and 10.2% are 65 or older.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.381975173950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "In addition, Seattle has a relatively high number of people living alone. According to the 2000 U.S. Census interim measurements of 2004, Seattle has the fifth highest proportion of single-person households nationwide among cities of 100,000 or more residents, at 40.8%. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.329377174377441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Still, very large companies dominate the business landscape. Four companies on the 2013 Fortune 500 list of the United States' largest companies, based on total revenue, are headquartered in Seattle: Internet retailer Amazon.com (#49), coffee chain Starbucks (#208), department store Nordstrom (#227), and freight forwarder Expeditors International of Washington (#428). Other Fortune 500 companies popularly associated with Seattle are based in nearby Puget Sound cities. Warehouse club chain Costco (#22), the largest retail company in Washington, is based in Issaquah. Microsoft (#35) is located in Redmond. Weyerhaeuser, the forest products company (#363), is based in Federal Way. Finally, Bellevue is home to truck manufacturer Paccar (#168). Other major companies in the area include Nintendo of America in Redmond, T-Mobile US in Bellevue, Expedia Inc. in Bellevue and Providence Health & Services — the state's largest health care system and fifth largest employer — in Renton. The city has a reputation for heavy coffee consumption; coffee companies founded or based in Seattle include Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee, and Tully's. There are also many successful independent artisanal espresso roasters and cafés.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.691391944885254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars.Examples of local talent are Billy Joe Huels (lead singer of the Dusty 45s) starring in Buddy – The Buddy Holly Story and Sarah Rudinoff in Wonderful Town. National-level stars include Stephen Lynch in The Wedding Singer, which went on to Broadway and Cathy Rigby in Peter Pan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98530387878418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "four", "passage": "Early popular musical acts from the Seattle/Puget Sound area include the collegiate folk group The Brothers Four, vocal group The Fleetwoods, 1960s garage rockers The Wailers and The Sonics, and instrumental surf group The Ventures, some of whom are still active.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.924654960632324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Among Seattle's prominent annual fairs and festivals are the 24-day Seattle International Film Festival, Northwest Folklife over the Memorial Day weekend, numerous Seafair events throughout July and August (ranging from a Bon Odori celebration to the Seafair Cup hydroplane races), the Bite of Seattle, one of the largest Gay Pride festivals in the United States, and the art and music festival Bumbershoot, which programs music as well as other art and entertainment over the Labor Day weekend. All are typically attended by 100,000 people annually, as are the Seattle Hempfest and two separate Independence Day celebrations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.133783340454102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle has three major men's professional sports teams: the National Football League (NFL)'s Seattle Seahawks, Major League Baseball (MLB)'s Seattle Mariners, and Major League Soccer (MLS)'s Seattle Sounders FC. Other professional sports teams include the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)'s Seattle Storm, who won the WNBA championship in 2004 and 2010, and the Seattle Reign of the National Women's Soccer League.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.982531547546387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The Seahawks' CenturyLink Field has hosted NFL playoff games in 2006, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2015. The Seahawks have advanced to the Super Bowl three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. They defeated the Denver Broncos 43-8 to win their first Super Bowl championship in Super Bowl XLVIII, but lost 24-28 against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268547058105469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle Sounders FC has played in Major League Soccer since 2009, sharing CenturyLink Field with the Seahawks, as a continuation of earlier teams in the lower divisions of American soccer. The Sounders have not won the MLS Cup but have, however, won the MLS Supporters' Shield in 2014 and the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup on four occasions: 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2014. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.5846529006958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held in Seattle twice, first at the Kingdome in 1979 and again at Safeco Field in 2001. That same year, the Seattle Mariners tied the all-time single regular season wins record with 116 wins. The NBA All-Star Game was also held in Seattle twice: the first in 1974 at the Seattle Center Coliseum and the second in 1987 at the Kingdome. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.468705177307129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Seattle is widely considered one of the most liberal cities in the United States, even surpassing its neighbor, Portland, Oregon. Support for issues such as same-sex marriage and reproductive rights are largely taken for granted in local politics. In the 2012 U.S. general election, an overwhelming majority of Seattleites voted to approve Referendum 74 and legalize gay marriage in Washington state. In the same election, an overwhelming majority of Seattleites also voted to approve the legalization of the recreational use of cannabis in the state. Like much of the Pacific Northwest (which has the lowest rate of church attendance in the United States and consistently reports the highest percentage of atheism ), church attendance, religious belief, and political influence of religious leaders are much lower than in other parts of America. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.41812801361084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "In July 2012, Seattle banned plastic shopping bags. In June 2014 the city passed a local ordinance to increase the minimum wage to $15 an hour on a staged basis from 2015 to 2021. When fully implemented the $15 hourly rate will be the highest minimum wage in the nation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.656291961669922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "On October 6, 2014, Seattle officially replaced Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day, honoring Seattle's Native American community and controversies surrounding the legacy of Christopher Columbus. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.206762313842773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Of the city's population over the age of 25, 53.8% (vs. a national average of 27.4%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (vs. 84.5% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent. A 2008 United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college and university graduates of any major U.S. city. The city was listed as the most literate of the country's 69 largest cities in 2005 and 2006, the second most literate in 2007 and the most literate in 2008 in studies conducted by Central Connecticut State University. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.651385307312012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "Non-commercial radio stations include NPR affiliates KUOW-FM 94.9 and KPLU-FM 88.5 (Tacoma), as well as classical music station KING-FM 98.1. Other stations include KEXP-FM 90.3 (affiliated with the UW), community radio KBCS-FM 91.3 (affiliated with Bellevue College), and high school radio KNHC-FM 89.5, which broadcasts an electronic dance music radio format and is owned by the public school system and operated by students of Nathan Hale High School. Many Seattle radio stations are also available through Internet radio, with KEXP in particular being a pioneer of Internet radio. Seattle also has numerous commercial radio stations. In a March 2012 report by the consumer research firm Arbitron, the top FM stations were KRWM (adult contemporary format), KIRO-FM (news/talk), and KISW (active rock) while the top AM stations were KOMO (AM) (all news), KJR (AM) (all sports), KIRO (AM) (all sports). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.120376586914062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "four", "passage": "According to the 2007 American Community Survey, 18.6% of Seattle residents used one of the three public transit systems that serve the city, giving it the highest transit ridership of all major cities without heavy or light rail prior to the completion of Sound Transit's Central Link line. The city has also been described by Bert Sperling as the fourth most walkable U.S. city and by Walk Score as the sixth most walkable of the fifty largest U.S. cities. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.395779609680176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "The city has started moving away from the automobile and towards mass transit. From 2004 to 2009, the annual number of unlinked public transportation trips increased by approximately 21%. In 2006, voters in King County passed proposition 2 (Transit Now) which increased bus service hours on high ridership routes and paid for five bus rapid transit lines called RapidRide. After rejecting a roads and transit measure in 2007, Seattle-area voters passed a transit only measure in 2008 to increase ST Express bus service, extend the Link Light Rail system, and expand and improve Sounder commuter rail service. A light rail line from downtown heading south to Sea-Tac Airport began service on December 19, 2009, giving the city its first rapid transit line with intermediate stations within the city limits. An extension north to the University of Washington opened on March 19, 2016; and further extensions are planned to reach Lynnwood to the north, Des Moines to the south, and Bellevue and Redmond to the east by 2023. Former mayor Michael McGinn has supported building light rail from downtown to Ballard and West Seattle. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.536330223083496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" }, { "answer": "4", "passage": "* Limbe, Cameroon (since 1984)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.683691024780273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" } ]

[ { "answer": "11", "passage": "In July 1940, Sanders finalised what came to be known as his \"Original Recipe\" of 11 herbs and spices. Although he never publicly revealed the recipe, he admitted to the use of salt and pepper, and claimed that the ingredients \"stand on everybody's shelf\". After being recommissioned as a Kentucky colonel in 1950 by Governor Lawrence Wetherby, Sanders began to dress the part, growing a goatee and wearing a black frock coat (later switched to a white suit), a string tie, and referring to himself as \"Colonel\". His associates went along with the title change, \"jokingly at first and then in earnest\", according to biographer Josh Ozersky. ", "precise_score": 7.316854000091553, "rough_score": 7.149039268493652, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "KFC's core product offering is pressure fried, on-the-bone chicken pieces seasoned with Colonel Harland Sanders' \"Original Recipe\" of 11 herbs and spices. The product is typically available in either two or three piece individual servings, or in a family size cardboard bucket, typically holding between 6 and 16 chicken pieces. Poultry is divided into 9 different cuts (2 drumsticks, 2 thighs, 2 wings, 1 keel, and a backbone based breast cut divided into 2 pieces). The product is hand-breaded at individual KFC outlets with wheat flour mixed with seasoning in a two- to four-minute process. It is then pressure fried for between seven and ten minutes (the timing differs between countries) in oil at 185 degrees Celsius. Following this, the chicken is left to stand for 5 minutes in order for it to sufficiently cool before it is placed in the warming oven. It is KFC policy to discard chicken if it has not been sold within 90 minutes, in order to ensure freshness. The frying oil varies regionally, and versions used include sunflower, soybean, rapeseed and palm oil. A KFC executive stated that the taste of the chicken will vary between regions depending on the oil variety used, and whether the chicken has been corn-fed or wheat-fed.", "precise_score": 6.761358261108398, "rough_score": 7.824483871459961, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "Sanders' Original Recipe of \"11 herbs and spices\" is one of the most famous trade secrets in the catering industry. Franchisee Dave Thomas, better known as the founder of Wendy's, argued that the secret recipe concept was successful because \"everybody wants in on a secret\" and former KFC owner John Y. Brown, Jr. called it \"a brilliant marketing ploy.\" The New York Times described the recipe as one of the company's most valuable assets. The recipe is not patented, because patents eventually expire, whereas trade secrets can remain the intellectual property of their holders in perpetuity. ", "precise_score": 7.06377649307251, "rough_score": 6.826536655426025, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC Original Recipe" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "KFC's original product is pressure fried chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders' recipe of 11 herbs and spices. The constituents of the recipe represent a notable trade secret. Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard \"bucket\", which has become a well known feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee Pete Harman in 1957. Since the early 1990s, KFC has expanded its menu to offer other chicken products such as chicken fillet burgers and wraps, as well as salads and side dishes, such as French fries and coleslaw, desserts, and soft drinks, the latter often supplied by PepsiCo. KFC is known for its former and current slogan \"Finger Lickin' Good\", which was replaced by \"Nobody does chicken like KFC\" and \"So good\" in the interim.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.070822238922119, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "By December 2013, there were 18,875 KFC outlets in 118 countries and territories around the world. There are 4,563 outlets in China, 4,491 in the United States, and 9,821 across the rest of the world. Outlets are owned by franchisees or directly by the company. Eleven percent of outlets are company owned, with the rest operated by franchise holders. Although capital intensive, company ownership allows for faster expansion of the chain.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.831159591674805, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "The first KFC in the Middle East opened in 1973 in Kuwait. Today there are over 700 outlets, certified halal, including the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. KFC Israel existed from 1993 to 2013 and featured kosher restaurants. In 2012 KFC opened in Ramallah in the Palestinian Authority[8] and later expanded to Hebron,[9] Bethlehem,[10] Jenin,[11] and three separate outlets in Ramallah: the Ersal Branch (Bacri), Plaza Mall Branch and Masyoun Branch. In 2013 the New York Times reported that KFC was being smuggled into Gaza through tunnels. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.482320785522461, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "In 2008, Novak credited low US sales as being the result of a lack of new ideas and menu items. The Spring 2009 launch of Kentucky Grilled Chicken only resulted in a temporary halt to the sales decline. In 2010 KFC announced a turnaround plan that included improving restaurant operations, introducing value items and providing healthier menu options. In the same year, Advertising Age noted that KFC was losing market share to its smaller chicken restaurant rival, Chick-fil-A. In 2011 Bloomberg News referred to KFC US as \"an also-ran to McDonald's Corp\". In 2012, Forbes magazine described how many of the KFC outlets were \"aged and uninviting\", and that the chain \"hasn't introduced an exciting new food item in ages\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.809569358825684, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "11 herbs and spices", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.561745822429657, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "Sanders' Original Recipe of \"11 herbs and spices\" is one of the most famous trade secrets in the catering industry. The recipe is not patented, because patents eventually expire, whereas trade secrets can remain the intellectual property of their holders in perpetuity. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.24875020980835, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "eleven", "passage": "A copy of the recipe, signed by Sanders, is held inside a safe inside a vault in KFC's Louisville headquarters, along with eleven vials containing the herbs and spices. To maintain the secrecy of the recipe, half of it is produced by Griffith Laboratories before it is given to McCormick, who add the second half.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.063923358917236, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "The military prowess of Afonso de Albuquerque (1453–1515) allowed the Portuguese to take control of the sea routes to India. In 1506, he took the island of Socotra in the mouth of the Red Sea and, in 1507, Ormuz in the Persian Gulf. Since becoming the viceroy of the Indies, he took Goa in India in 1510, and Malacca on the Malay peninsula in 1511. The Portuguese could now trade directly with Siam, China, and the Maluku Islands. The Silk Road complemented the Portuguese sea routes, and brought the treasures of the Orient to Europe via Lisbon, including many spices.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61073112487793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spice" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "Because they tend to have strong flavors and are used in small quantities, spices tend to add few calories to food, even though many spices, especially those made from seeds, contain high portions of fat, protein, and carbohydrate by weight. Many spices, however, can contribute significant portions of micronutrients to the diet. For example, a teaspoon of paprika contains about 1133 IU of Vitamin A, which is over 20% of the recommended daily allowance specified by the US FDA. When used in larger quantity, spices can also contribute a substantial amount of minerals, including iron, magnesium, calcium, and many others, to the diet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.023722171783447, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spice" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "By the late 1930s, Harland Sanders' Corbin, Kentucky gas station was so well known for Sanders' fried chicken that Sanders himself decided to remove the gas pumps, and build a restaurant in its place. While perfecting his secret recipe with 11 herbs and spices, Sanders found that pan frying chicken was too slow, requiring 30 minutes per order. French frying the chicken in a wire basket immersed in deep fat required half the time, but produced dry, unevenly done chicken. In 1939 he found that using a pressure cooker produced tasty, moist chicken in eight or nine minutes. By July 1940 Sanders finalized what came to be known as his Original Recipe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5766774415969849, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC Original Recipe" }, { "answer": "eleven", "passage": "A copy of the recipe, signed by Sanders, is held inside a safe inside a vault in KFC's Louisville headquarters, along with eleven vials containing the herbs and spices. To maintain the secrecy of the recipe, half of it is produced by Griffith Laboratories before it is given to McCormick, who add the second half.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.063923358917236, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC Original Recipe" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "It is well attested that Harland Sanders asked Bill Summers of Marion-Kay Spices in Brownstown, Indiana, US to recreate his secret blend of 11 herbs and spices. While alive, Sanders recommended the Marion-Kay seasoning to franchisees over the corporate version, as he believed the latter had been made inferior by its owners. In 1982, after Sanders' death, KFC brought a lawsuit against Marion-Kay and the latter was barred from selling its mixture to KFC franchises. The Marion-Kay seasoning is still sold under the name \"99-X,\" and according to Sanders biographer Josh Ozersky, it is indistinguishable from the original KFC recipe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.722161769866943, "source": "wiki", "title": "KFC Original Recipe" } ]

[ { "answer": "Whiskey", "passage": "* In Stonycreek Township is the memorial and crash site of United Airlines Flight 93, the \"Let's Roll\" flight which occurred on 9/11/2001 after passengers attempted to overpower the plane's hijackers. The site is an informal patriotic shrine with many hand-made mementos voluntarily gracing the area. There is a movement to add the site to the National Park System. It is a startling coincidence that the Stoneycreek site is comparatively close to the other centuries-earlier locations of military engagements in Western Pennsylvania, such as Fort Duquesne and the area of the Whiskey Rebellion. This can in part be explained by the fact that all these locations were on a strategic route from eastern settlements in Pennsylvania and Virginia (and, later, Washington, D.C.) to the West.", "precise_score": -6.8875837326049805, "rough_score": -8.251216888427734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Western Pennsylvania" }, { "answer": "Whiskey", "passage": "* The initial problem was economic marketing of a limited number of goods that could stand such high freight costs. The insensitivity of the new U.S. Federal Government to the marketing problems in the west led to the Whiskey Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania, an event which seriously challenged the political viability of the new American nation. Later marketing arrangements turned to access via the Ohio River, with Pittsburgh a barge and steamboat center of the mid-continent. Today, Pittsburgh is still strongly oriented to the rivers; the port of Pittsburgh ranks No. 13 by tonnage in the USA and even surpasses the Port of Philadelphia in tonnage, due to the heavy shipping of bulk coal by barge inland on the rivers. Locally, a system of agriculture arose suitable to Western Pennsylvania's rugged terrain, emphasizing animal husbandry and dairying but with few exportable vegetable crops. The search for some sort of exportable agricultural specialty perhaps also encouraged the rise of the sauce industry and its first location at Sharpsburg in what was later to become the large H.J. Heinz Company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.35901165008545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Western Pennsylvania" } ]

[ { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "Nigel Lythgoe (born 9 July 1949) is an English television and film director and producer, television dance competition judge, former dancer in the Young Generation and choreographer. He is noted for being the producer of the shows Pop Idol and American Idol and creator and executive producer of, and a regular judge on So You Think You Can Dance. He also created the 2009 competition Superstars of Dance.", "precise_score": 0.6659089922904968, "rough_score": -0.3234322965145111, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Lythgoe" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "Lythgoe moved to the U.S. in 2002 to produce American Idol and then became producer/judge and co-creator of So You Think You Can Dance on the FOX television network.", "precise_score": 0.8858304619789124, "rough_score": -3.5447845458984375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Lythgoe" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "Mary Ann Murphy (born c. 1958) is a ballroom dance champion,[http://www.dancevision.com/instructors/mary_murphy/ Instructors :: Mary Murphy :: DanceVision.com] accredited dance judge, and a former judge and choreographer on the Fox dance competition-reality show So You Think You Can Dance.", "precise_score": 0.007063256576657295, "rough_score": -3.047774314880371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mary Murphy (choreographer)" }, { "answer": "SYTYCD", "passage": "Lythgoe, and his production partner Ken Warwick, who went to school together from age 12, initially agreed to produce the 2007 Emmys, but could not due to scheduling conflicts with SYTYCD. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.751906394958496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Lythgoe" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "On 4 August 2008, Lythgoe confirmed that he was leaving American Idol and decided to move on with So You Think You Can Dance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.665683746337891, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Lythgoe" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "He is also a judge on So You Think You Can Dance (UK).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.603386878967285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Lythgoe" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "Lythgoe married Bonita Shawe in 1974, whom he met while he was choreographer for the BBC's Young Generation dance troupe. Shawe was also an audition judge on the first season of So You Think You Can Dance and was a judge on the Australian version of So You Think You Can Dance for the first three seasons. The couple divorced in 2010 and have two sons together, Simon and Kristopher and four grandchildren Kyan, Tighe, Dominie and George. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.01902437210083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Lythgoe" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "* So You Think You Can Dance", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.936670303344727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Lythgoe" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "*So You Think You Can Dance (2005)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.111834526062012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Lythgoe" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "So You Think You Can Dance", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.723808288574219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mary Murphy (choreographer)" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "In 2008, Murphy made guest appearances on international versions of So You Think You Can Dance, including So You Think You Can Dance Australia, So You Think You Can Dance Canada and So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.249732971191406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mary Murphy (choreographer)" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "In 2011, during the announcements of Murphy's return as a permanent judge for season 8 of So You Think You Can Dance, it was revealed that she had undergone treatment for thyroid cancer. Although there was a possibility that she would never be able to speak again, she is now cancer-free with vocal cords intact. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.510010719299316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mary Murphy (choreographer)" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "*Lifetime Achievement Award, 2007 Heritage Dance Classic[http://www.fox.com/dance/bios/s3_mary_murphy.htm Fox Broadcasting Company: So You Think You Can Dance]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.539124011993408, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mary Murphy (choreographer)" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "*Austrian National 10-dance and Ballroom Champion, Representatives at the World Championships[http://www.poptower.com/tv/reality/so-you-think-you-can-dance/mary-murphy.htm Mary Murphy - So You Think You Can Dance | Pop Tower]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.17563009262085, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mary Murphy (choreographer)" }, { "answer": "So You Think You Can Dance", "passage": "Fox began broadcasting its programming in 720p high definition on September 12, 2004, with that day's slate of NFC football games during week one of the 2004 NFL season. Until March 14, 2016, the network did not display an on-screen logo graphic on the bottom-right corner of the screen, outside of a ten-second sweep of a \"Fox HD\" promotional logo (which until the end of 2010, also featured a sponsor tag for DirecTV); instead a trigger in Fox's program delivery system at each station displayed the logo bug of an owned-and-operated or affiliate station in the right-hand corner of the 16:9 screen frame, which disappeared during commercial breaks (the station logo bug would still be triggered even if Fox programming was pre-empted locally due to breaking news, severe weather coverage or special programming, though some stations, such as WGGB-DT2 in Springfield, Massachusetts, did not display a logo or substitute only the \"FOX\" logo alone). However, network or affiliate bugs are not displayed during Fox Sports programming. During some high-profile or live programs such as American Idol and So You Think You Can Dance, however, Fox forwent the affiliate's logo and displayed its network logo instead, mainly for promotional consideration due to fair use of clips from each series by other media outlets (such as news programs, talk shows, and review and satirical programs that rely on clip content); until 2014, the bug was placed in the 4:3 safe area. The Sunday political talk program Fox News Sunday displays the \"Fox HD\" logo at all times for both that reason and because of many stations airing the program on tape delay later in the morning. Beginning on March 14, 2016, the standard Fox logo with hashtag is now used on all programming, with the station bug flashed for a few moments at the start of a program or coming out of commercial, as is traditionally done with ABC, CBS and NBC stations. In addition, the Fox HD bug was discontinued, although it is still used on Fox News Sunday.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.087728500366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox Broadcasting Company" } ]

[ { "answer": "Keratin", "passage": "Structural proteins confer stiffness and rigidity to otherwise-fluid biological components. Most structural proteins are fibrous proteins; for example, collagen and elastin are critical components of connective tissue such as cartilage, and keratin is found in hard or filamentous structures such as hair, nails, feathers, hooves, and some animal shells. Some globular proteins can also play structural functions, for example, actin and tubulin are globular and soluble as monomers, but polymerize to form long, stiff fibers that make up the cytoskeleton, which allows the cell to maintain its shape and size.", "precise_score": 2.1493377685546875, "rough_score": 0.616528332233429, "source": "wiki", "title": "Protein" }, { "answer": "Keratin", "passage": "Proteins can be informally divided into three main classes, which correlate with typical tertiary structures: globular proteins, fibrous proteins, and membrane proteins. Almost all globular proteins are soluble and many are enzymes. Fibrous proteins are often structural, such as collagen, the major component of connective tissue, or keratin, the protein component of hair and nails. Membrane proteins often serve as receptors or provide channels for polar or charged molecules to pass through the cell membrane. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5892891883850098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Protein" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tsetse fly", "passage": "African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.", "precise_score": 4.645247936248779, "rough_score": 3.0239484310150146, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tsetse fly", "passage": "Occasionally, a chancre (red sore) will develop at the location of the tsetse fly bite. If left untreated, the disease overcomes the host's defenses and can cause more extensive damage, broadening symptoms to include anemia, endocrine, cardiac, and kidney dysfunctions. The second, neurological phase, begins when the parasite invades the central nervous system by passing through the blood–brain barrier. Disruption of the sleep cycle is a leading symptom of this stage and is the one that gave the disease the name 'sleeping sickness.' Infected individuals experience a disorganized and fragmented 24-hour rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle, resulting in daytime sleep episodes and nighttime periods of wakefulness.", "precise_score": -4.2062668800354, "rough_score": -5.672445297241211, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tsetse fly", "passage": "Humans are the main reservoir for T. b. gambiense but this species can also be found in pigs and other animals. Wild game animals and cattle are the main reservoir of T. b. rhodesiense. These parasites primarily infect individuals in sub-Saharan Africa because that is where the vector (tsetse fly) is located. The two human forms of the disease also vary greatly in intensity. T. b. gambiense causes a chronic condition that can remain in a passive phase for months or years before symptoms emerge and the infection can last about 3 years before death occurs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.55535888671875, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tsetse fly", "passage": "The tsetse fly (genus Glossina) is a large, brown, biting fly that serves as both a host and vector for the trypanosome parasites. While taking blood from a mammalian host, an infected tsetse fly injects metacyclic trypomastigotes into skin tissue. From the bite, parasites first enter the lymphatic system and then pass into the bloodstream. Inside the mammalian host, they transform into bloodstream trypomastigotes, and are carried to other sites throughout the body, reach other body fluids (e.g., lymph, spinal fluid), and continue to replicate by binary fission.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.695113182067871, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tsetse fly", "passage": "The entire life cycle of African trypanosomes is represented by extracellular stages. A tsetse fly becomes infected with bloodstream trypomastigotes when taking a blood meal on an infected mammalian host. In the fly's midgut, the parasites transform into procyclic trypomastigotes, multiply by binary fission, leave the midgut, and transform into epimastigotes. The epimastigotes reach the fly's salivary glands and continue multiplication by binary fission.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31478500366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tsetse fly", "passage": "The entire life cycle of the fly takes about three weeks. In addition to the bite of the tsetse fly, the disease can be transmitted by:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254557609558105, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tsetse fly", "passage": "Currently there are few medically related prevention options for African Trypanosomiasis (i.e. no vaccine exists for immunity). Although the risk of infection from a tsetse fly bite is minor (estimated at less than 0.1%), the use of insect repellants, wearing long-sleeved clothing, avoiding tsetse-dense areas, implementing bush clearance methods and wild game culling are the best options to avoid infection available for local residents of affected areas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.983174324035645, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tsetse", "passage": "At the 25th ISCTRC (International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control) in Mombasa, Kenya, in October 1999, the idea of an African-wide initiative to control tsetse and trypanosomiasis populations was discussed. During the 36th summit of the Organization for African Unity in Lome, Togo, in July 2000, a resolution was passed to form the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC). The campaign works to eradicate the tsetse vector population levels and subsequently the protozoan disease, by use of insecticide-impregnated targets, fly traps, insecticide-treated cattle, ultra-low dose aerial/ground spraying (SAT) of tsetse resting sites and the sterile insect technique (SIT). The use of SIT in Zanzibar proved effective in eliminating the entire population of tsetse flies but was expensive and is relatively impractical to use in many of the endemic countries afflicted with African trypanosomiasis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.065669059753418, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tsetse fly", "passage": "Regular active surveillance, involving detection and prompt treatment of new infections, and tsetse fly control is the backbone of the strategy used to control sleeping sickness. Systematic screening of at-risk communities is the best approach, because case-by-case screening is not practical in endemic regions. Systematic screening may be in the form of mobile clinics or fixed screening centres where teams travel daily to areas of high infection rates. Such screening efforts are important because early symptoms are not evident or serious enough to warrant patients with gambiense disease to seek medical attention, particularly in very remote areas. Also, diagnosis of the disease is difficult and health workers may not associate such general symptoms with trypanosomiasis. Systematic screening allows early-stage disease to be detected and treated before the disease progresses, and removes the potential human reservoir. A single case of sexual transmission of West African sleeping sickness has been reported.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.452839374542236, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" }, { "answer": "Tse-tse fly", "passage": "The causative agent and vector were identified in 1903 by David Bruce, and the differentiation between the subspecies of the protozoa made in 1910. Bruce had earlier shown that T. brucei was the cause of a similar disease in horses and cattle that was transmitted by the tse-tse fly (Glossina morsitans).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.973677635192871, "source": "wiki", "title": "African trypanosomiasis" } ]

[ { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "is the core company of a Japanese global corporate group based in Tokyo, Japan. The company was originally founded as Shokosha Watch Research Institute in 1918 and is currently known as the manufacturer of Cincom precision lathe machine tools as well as Citizen watches. The trade name originated from a pocket watch Citizen sold in 1924. It is one of the world's largest producers of watches.", "precise_score": 1.8531460762023926, "rough_score": -0.6154981255531311, "source": "wiki", "title": "Citizen Holdings" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": ", , usually referred to as JVC, is a Japanese international consumer and professional electronics corporation based in Yokohama, Japan. Founded in 1927, the company is best known for introducing Japan's first televisions and for developing the Video Home System (VHS) video recorder.", "precise_score": 2.308004856109619, "rough_score": 3.409118175506592, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "JVC was founded in 1927 as \"The Victor Talking Machine Company of Japan, Limited,\" a subsidiary of the United States' leading phonograph and record company, the Victor Talking Machine Company. In 1929 majority ownership was transferred to RCA-Victor. In the 1930s JVC produced phonographs and records. In 1932, JVC started producing radios, and in 1939 Japan's first locally-made television. JVC severed relations with its foreign partners during World War II. Today the record company in Japan is known as Victor Entertainment.", "precise_score": -1.3719406127929688, "rough_score": 0.3868323266506195, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Nippon", "passage": "In the 1960s, JVC established the Nivico (Nippon Victor Corporation) brand for Delmonico's line of console televisions and stereos.", "precise_score": -2.882270097732544, "rough_score": -0.5637242794036865, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "JVC has been a worldwide football (soccer) supporter since 1982, having a former kit sponsorship with Arsenal and continued its role as an official partner of 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan. JVC made headlines as the first-ever corporate partner of the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. JVC has recently forged corporate partnerships with ESPN Zone and Foxploration. In 2005, JVC joined HANA, the High-Definition Audio-Video Network Alliance, to help establish standards in consumer-electronics interoperability.", "precise_score": -2.491253614425659, "rough_score": 0.44750264286994934, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "JVC is generally known within Japan by the Victor brand, preceded by the His Master's Voice (HMV) logo featuring the dog Nipper. Because of a conflict in trademarks between HMV and Victor, HMV is not allowed to use Nipper in Japan. At one time, the company used the Nivico name (for \"Nippon Victor Company\") overseas, before rebranding to JVC, which stands for Japan's Victor Company. Therefore, the Victor and JVC-Victor web sites look quite different. Conversely, the HMV store chain exists in Japan (though no longer owned by HMV Group), but it cannot use the His Master's Voice motto or logo; its logo is a stylized image of a gramophone only. ", "precise_score": -2.659942388534546, "rough_score": 0.6413947939872742, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "Eco-Drive watches use a battery recharged by a solar panel hidden under the watch face. In the rare and discontinued Eco-Drive Duo series, the solar power was supplemented by an automatic quartz power source. One early model, called the Citizen Vitality, used the watch hands to drive a small electric generator, but was discontinued following complaints that the device could explode and cause wrist injuries. There was also an Eco-Drive Thermo model that exploited temperature differentials between the wearer's skin temperature and ambient temperature to recharge the battery. However, the only Eco-Drive system described on the Citizen Watch official web site is the one depending solely on light to recharge. Features similar to the Eco-Drive have been developed by other manufacturers like Casio and Junghans. All Citizen Eco-Drive movements are made in Japan but the case or the bracelet may also be made in China.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.823594093322754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Citizen Holdings" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "Skyhawk A-T line of watches features Radio Controlled Timekeeping. The watches can synchronize with radio clocks in Japan, North America, and Europe and will automatically select the correct frequency for doing so based upon location of home time zone. The watch actually tracks two time zones—home and world—but synchronizes to the 'home' zone. When traveling, the user may swap the 'home' and 'world' zones—thereby enabling proper time signal reception on a different continent while retaining the other time. The day, date, and Daylight Saving Time settings are also set automatically when the watch is synchronized. These features are comparable to the synchronization with atomic clocks found in Casio Wave Ceptor watches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.82571792602539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Citizen Holdings" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In 2010, Miyota (Citizen Watch) of Japan introduced a newly developed movement (UHF 262 kHz) that uses a three-prong quartz crystal for the Precisionist or Accutron II line, a new type of quartz watch with ultra-high frequency (262.144 kHz) which is claimed to be accurate to +/- 10 seconds a year and has a smooth sweeping second hand rather than one that jumps each second. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.608273983001709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Citizen Holdings" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In the early-mid 1990s, Citizen partnered with Compaq Computer Corporation to build notebook computers in Japan for the Japan and Far Eastern market to be sold under the Compaq name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.931559562683105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Citizen Holdings" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "*Japan CBM Corporation – sales of timepieces, including the Q & Q brand. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.938236236572266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Citizen Holdings" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "*Citizen Systems Japan Co., Ltd. – sales of business and consumer electronic devices including calculators.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.97237777709961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Citizen Holdings" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In 1976, the first VCR to use VHS was the Victor HR-3300, and was introduced by the president of JVC at the Okura Hotel on September 9, 1976. JVC started selling the HR-3300 in Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan on October 31, 1976. Region-specific versions of the JVC HR-3300 were also distributed later on, such as the HR-3300U in the United States, and HR-3300EK in the United Kingdom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.782381534576416, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In 1979, JVC demonstrated a prototype of its video high density (VHD) disc system. This system was capacitance-based, like capacitance electronic disc (CED), but the discs were grooveless with the stylus being guided by servo signals in the disc surface. The VHD discs were initially handled by the operator and played on a machine that looked like an audio LP turntable, but JVC used caddy-housed discs when the system was marketed. Development suffered numerous delays, and the product was launched in 1983 in Japan, followed by the United Kingdom in 1984, to a limited industrial market.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1170876026153564, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "During the 1980s JVC briefly marketed its own portable audio equipment similar to the Sony Walkman on the market at the time. The JVC CQ-F2K was released in 1982 and had a detachable radio that mounted to the headphones for a compact, wire-free listening experience. JVC had difficulty making the products successful, and a few years later stopped making them. In Japan, JVC marketed the products under the name \"Victor\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.909578323364258, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In 1986, JVC released the HC-95, a personal computer with a 3.58 MHz Zilog Z80A processor, 64 KB RAM, running on MSX Basic 2.0. It included two 3.5\" floppy disk drives and conformed to the graphics specification of the MSX-2 standard. However, like the Pioneer PX-7, it also carried a sophisticated hardware interface that handled video superimposition and various interactive video processing features. The JVC HC-95 was first sold in Japan, and then Europe, but sales were disappointing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.126812934875488, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In 2007, Victor Company of Japan Ltd confirmed a strategic capital alliance with Kenwood and SPARKX Investment, resulting in Matsushita's holding being reduced to approximately 37%. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.317316055297852, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In April 2008, JVC announced that it was closing its TV plants in East Kilbride, Scotland and Japan. This left it with one plant in Thailand. It stated it would outsource European production to an OEM. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.3488545417785645, "source": "wiki", "title": "JVC" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "is a Japan-based manufacturer of optics and reprography products. Olympus was established on 12 October 1919, initially specializing in microscope and thermometer businesses. Olympus enjoys a majority share of the world market in gastro-intestinal endoscopes. It has a roughly 70% share of the global market whose estimated value is US$2.5 billion. Its global headquarters are in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9364161491394043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In 2011, the company gained coverage in global media when it fired its newly appointed British chief executive (CEO) Michael Woodford. Woodford, a 30-year Olympus veteran and Olympus' president and chief operating officer (COO) since April that year, had sought to probe financial irregularities and unexplained payments of hundreds of millions of dollars following his appointment as CEO. Although the board initially dismissed Woodford's concerns via mass media as being \"disruptive\" actions and Woodford as failing to grasp local culture, the matter quickly snowballed into a corporate corruption scandal over concealment (called Tobashi) of more than 117.7 billion Yen ($1.5 billion) of investment losses and other dubious fees and other payments dating back to the late 1980s and suspicion of covert payments to criminal organizations. By 2012, the scandal had developed into one of the biggest and longest-lived loss-concealing financial scandals in the history of corporate Japan; it had wiped 75–80% off the company's stock market valuation, led to the resignation of much of the board, investigations across Japan, the UK, and US, the arrest of 11 past or present Japanese directors, senior managers, auditors and bankers of Olympus for alleged criminal activities or cover-up, and raised considerable turmoil and concern over Japan's prevailing corporate governance and transparencyBanyan (16 February 2012). [http://www.webcitation.org/65x46j9Jc \"Arrested development\"]. The Economist. Archived from [http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/02/olympus-scandal the original] on 6 March 2012. and the Japanese financial markets. Woodford himself, who stated he had received death threats over his exposing of the cover-up, received a reported £10 million ($16 m) in damages from Olympus for defamation and wrongful dismissal in 2012; around the same time, Olympus also announced it would shed 2,700 jobs (7% of its workforce) and around 40 percent of its 30 manufacturing plants by 2015 to reduce its cost base. The company is owned 17% by two large camera makers, Sony and Mitsubishi (makers of Nikon).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.234867095947266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "* 1919: The company was founded as Takachiho Seisakusho. In Japanese mythology, deities live on Takamagahara, the peak of Mt. Takachiho. The first corporate logo was TOKIWA, derived from Tokiwa Shokai, the company that the founder, Takeshi Yamashita, had worked for. Tokiwa Shokai held an equity stake in Takachiho Seisakusho and was responsible for marketing Takachiho products. The logo reads \"TOKIWA TOKYO\". The \"G\" and \"M\" marks above are believed to be the initials of Goro Matsukata, the president of Tokiwa Shokai.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.743125915527344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "* 1921: The Olympus brand was introduced in February 1921. This logo was used for microscopes and other products. Brochures and newspaper ads for cameras also used this logo. The OLYMPUS TOKYO logo is still in use today. There was a period in which OIC was used instead of TOKYO in the logo. OIC stood for Optical Industrial Company, which was a translation of Olympus' Japanese corporate name at that time. This logo was used for the GT-I and GT-II endoscopes, among others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.395442485809326, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Nippon", "passage": "features \"The Olympus Scandal: When a Foreign CEO Rebels\" (pg 3)]. CFO Innovation Asia. Retrieved 24 October 2011 As of 31 March 2011, investors include Nippon Life Insurance (8.4%), Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi (4.98%), and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking (3.13%), and the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (2.55%). Foreign institutions and individuals speak for 27.71% of Olympus shares. On 28 September 2012, Olympus and Sony announced that Olympus will receive a 50 billion yen capital injection from Sony. On 22 February 2013, Sony became the largest shareholder (11.46%) of Olympus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.057395935058594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "Woodford alleged that his removal was linked to several prior acquisitions he questioned, particularly the US$2.2 billion deal in 2008 to acquire British medical equipment maker Gyrus Group. Thomson Reuters reported that US$687 million was paid to a middle-man as a success fee – a sum equal to 31% of the purchase price, and which ranks as the highest ever M&A fee. According to the Daily Telegraph, some of the sums paid out relating to the acquisition of a technology company ITX were also under examination. Woodford noted that an article in Japanese financial magazine Facta in July prompted his suspicion of the transactions. Reports also said the company acquired three other Japanese companies outside its core business, and recognised that the assets were worth US$721 million less than their acquisition value 12 months previously.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.643980026245117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "Shareholders expressed concern after Olympus' share price nearly halved in value following the Woodford revelations, and asked for \"prompt action\". Following his dismissal, Woodford passed on information to the British Serious Fraud Office, and requested police protection. He said the payments may have been linked to \"forces behind\" the Olympus board.Russell, Jonathan (21 Oct 2011). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/electronics/8840675/Olympus-launches-investigation-into-MandA-fees.html \"Olympus launches investigation into M&A fees\"]. Daily Telegraph. retrieved 24 October 2011. Japanese newspaper Sankei suggest that a total of $1.5bn in acquisition-related advisory payments could be linked to the Yakuza.Russell, Jonathan (23 Oct 2011). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financial-crime/8843231/Huge-Olympus-fees-have-underworld-links.html \"Huge Olympus fees have 'underworld links'\"]. Daily Telegraph. retrieved 24 October 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.926193714141846, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "On 8 November 2011, the company admitted that the money had been used to cover losses on investments dating to the 1990s and that company's accounting practice was \"not appropriate\", thus coming clean on \"one of the biggest and longest-running loss-hiding arrangements in Japanese corporate history\", according to the Wall Street Journal. The company laid the blame for the inappropriate accounting on ex-president Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, auditor Hideo Yamada, and executive VP Hisashi Mori.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.019508361816406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "On 21 December 2011, Japanese authorities, including the Tokyo prosecutor's office, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police and the Japanese Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission, raided the company's offices in Tokyo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.023823738098145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "In February 2012, seven Olympus executives were arrested by Japanese police and prosecutors. Ex-president Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, former executive vice president Hisashi Mori, and former auditor Hideo Yamada were taken into custody on suspicion of violating the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law, along with former bankers Akio Nakagawa and Nobumasa Yokoo and two others, suspected of having helped the board hide significant losses. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.987118721008301, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympus Corporation" }, { "answer": "Japan", "passage": "What a Country! is set in a class of recent immigrants to the United States who are trying to pass the citizenship test. Their teacher, Taylor Brown (played by Garrett M. Brown) is an American English language teacher, while the students include Nikolai (a Russian taxi driver), Laszlo (a retired Hungarian doctor), Ali (a Pakistani), Robert (the son of a deposed African king), Maria (a housekeeper working for a rich Beverly Hills family), Victor (a Hispanic in love with Maria), Yung Hee (a shy Japanese woman) and Sheikh El Hamid (an Arabian sheikh). Gail Strickland initially played the character of Principal Joan Courtney, though she was replaced by Don Knotts during the series' run. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.059953689575195, "source": "wiki", "title": "What a Country!" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Mega knitting uses the same stitches and techniques as conventional knitting, except that hooks are carved into the ends of the needles. The hooked needles greatly enhance control of the work, catching the stitches and preventing them from slipping off.", "precise_score": 3.735996961593628, "rough_score": 5.062856197357178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Knitting" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Various tools have been developed to make hand-knitting easier. Tools for measuring needle diameter and yarn properties have been discussed above, as well as the yarn swift, ballwinder and \"yarntainers\". Crochet hooks and a darning needle are often useful in binding/casting off or in joining two knitted pieces edge-to-edge. The darning needle is used in duplicate stitch (also known as Swiss darning). The crochet hook is also essential for repairing dropped stitches and some specialty stitches such as tufting. Other tools such as knitting spools or pom-pom makers are used to prepare specific ornaments. For large or complex knitting patterns, it is sometimes difficult to keep track of which stitch should be knit in a particular way; therefore, several tools have been developed to identify the number of a particular row or stitch, including circular stitch markers, hanging markers, extra yarn and row counters. A second potential difficulty is that the knitted piece will slide off the tapered end of the needles when unattended; this is prevented by \"point protectors\" that cap the tapered ends. Another problem is that too much knitting may lead to hand and wrist troubles; for this, special stress-relieving gloves are available. In traditional Shetland knitting a special belt is often used to support the end of one needle allowing the knitting greater speed. Finally, there are sundry bags and containers for holding knitting, yarns and needles.", "precise_score": 7.583531379699707, "rough_score": 6.276611328125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Knitting" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "The early instruction books make frequent reference to the alternate use of 'ivory, bone, or wooden hooks' and 'steel needles in a handle', as appropriate to the stitch being made. Taken with the synonymous labeling of shepherd's- and single crochet, and the similar equivalence of French- and double crochet, there is a strong suggestion that crochet is rooted both in tambour embroidery and shepherd's knitting, leading to thread and yarn crochet respectively; a distinction that is still made. The locus of the fusion of all these elements — the \"invention\" noted above — has yet to be determined, as does the origin of shepherd's knitting.", "precise_score": 4.164577484130859, "rough_score": 5.476754188537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "It is possible to use the same yarn or wool for both crochet and knitting, providing you have the correct size knitting needles or crochet hooks for the yarn you are using. There are some yarn that are only made for crochet, for example DMC make Cebelia No.10 which is a very thin yarn and works well with Amigurumi crochet. ", "precise_score": 4.887160301208496, "rough_score": 7.861199855804443, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "If they are not secured, the loops of a knitted course will come undone when their yarn is pulled; this is known as ripping out, unravelling knitting, or humorously, frogging (because you 'rip it', this sounds like a frog croaking: 'rib-bit'). To secure a stitch, at least one new loop is passed through it. Although the new stitch is itself unsecured (\"active\" or \"live\"), it secures the stitch(es) suspended from it. A sequence of stitches in which each stitch is suspended from the next is called a wale. To secure the initial stitches of a knitted fabric, a method for casting on is used; to secure the final stitches in a wale, one uses a method of binding/casting off. During knitting, the active stitches are secured mechanically, either from individual hooks (in knitting machines) or from a knitting needle or frame in hand-knitting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3738954067230225, "source": "wiki", "title": "Knitting" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Mega knitting needles are generally considered to be any knitting needles larger than size 17 (half inch diameter). Mega needles may or may not have hooks carved in the ends. Hooks on large diameter needles help enormously to control the stitches whilst knitting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.084745407104492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Knitting" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": ":\"Crochet needles, sometimes called Shepherds' hooks, are made of steel, ivory, or box-wood. They have a hook at one end similar in shape to a fish-hook, by which the wool or silk is caught and drawn through the work. These instruments are to be procured of various sizes...\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.1643967479467392, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "The strong taper of the shepherd's hook eases the production of slip-stitch crochet but is less amenable to stitches that require multiple loops on the hook at the same time. Early yarn hooks were also continuously tapered but gradually enough to accommodate multiple loops. The design with a cylindrical shaft that is commonplace today was largely reserved for tambour-style steel needles. Both types gradually merged into the modern form that appeared toward the end of the 19th century, including both tapered and cylindrical segments, and the continuously tapered bone hook remained in industrial production until World War II.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9039728045463562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Shepherd's hooks are still being made for local slip-stitch crochet traditions. The form in the accompanying photograph is typical for contemporary production. A longer continuously tapering design intermediate between it and the 19th-century tapered hook was also in earlier production, commonly being made from the handles of forks and spoons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.868526458740234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "The crochet hook comes in many sizes and materials, such as bone, bamboo, aluminium, plastic, and steel. Because sizing is categorized by the diameter of the hook's shaft, a crafter aims to create stitches of a certain size in order to reach a particular gauge specified in a given pattern. If gauge is not reached with one hook, another is used until the stitches made are the needed size. Crafters may have a preference for one type of hook material over another due to aesthetic appeal, yarn glide, or hand disorders such as arthritis, where bamboo or wood hooks are favored over metal for the perceived warmth and flexibility during use. Hook grips and ergonomic hook handles are also available to assist crafters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5521252155303955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Steel crochet hooks range in size from 0.4 to 3.5 millimeters, or from 00 to 16 in American sizing. These hooks are used for fine crochet work such as doilies and lace.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.804093360900879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Aluminium, bamboo, and plastic crochet hooks are available from 2.5 to 19 millimeters in size, or from B to S in American sizing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.578396797180176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Artisan-made hooks are often made of hand-turned woods, sometimes decorated with semi-precious stones or beads.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22281551361084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Crochet hooks used for Tunisian crochet are elongated and have a stopper at the end of the handle, while double-ended crochet hooks have a hook on both ends of the handle. There is also a double hooked apparatus called a Cro-hook that has become popular.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.66688871383667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "The thickness or weight of the yarn is a significant factor in determining the gauge, i.e., how many stitches and rows are required to cover a given area for a given stitch pattern. Thicker yarns generally require large-diameter crochet hooks, whereas thinner yarns may be crocheted with thick or thin hooks. Hence, thicker yarns generally require fewer stitches, and therefore less time, to work up a given project. Patterns and motifs are coarser with thicker yarns and produce bold visual effects, whereas thinner yarns are best for refined or delicate patternwork. Yarns are standardly grouped by thickness into six categories: superfine, fine, light, medium, bulky and superbulky. Quantitatively, thickness is measured by the number of wraps per inch (WPI). The related weight per unit length is usually measured in tex or denier.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1705079078674316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "As hyperbolic and mathematics-based crochet has continued to become more popular, there have been several events highlighting work from various fiber artists. Two such shows include [http://crochetcoralreef.org/exhibitions/smithsonian.php Sant Ocean Hall] at the Smithsonian in Washington D.C. and [http://galleries.lafayette.edu/2011/09/01/sticks-hooks-and-the-mobius-knit-and-crochet-goes-cerebral/ Sticks, Hooks, and the Mobius: Knit and Crochet Go Cerebral] at Lafayette College in Pennsylvania.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.771349906921387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" }, { "answer": "Hooks", "passage": "Prolegs of lepidopteran larvae have a small circle of gripping hooks, called \"crochets\". The arrangement of the crochets can be helpful in identification to family level. Although the point has been debated, prolegs are not widely regarded as true legs, derived from the primitive uniramous limbs. Certainly in their morphology they are not jointed, and so lack the five segments (coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus) of thoracic insect legs. Prolegs do have limited musculature, but much of their movement is hydraulically powered.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.527586936950684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crochet" } ]

[ { "answer": "El Camino", "passage": "The Ford Ranchero sold well enough to spawn a competitor from General Motors in 1959, the Chevrolet El Camino. ", "precise_score": 4.305385589599609, "rough_score": 4.654136657714844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ford Ranchero" }, { "answer": "El Camino", "passage": "While Chevrolet's El Camino used the same body from 1968 to 1972, 1970 had a complete restyle for the Ranchero, which had started with a boxy body style. Both the Torino and Ranchero featured a shallow-pointed grille and front end with smooth, somewhat more curvaceous lines influenced by coke bottle styling. A fourth trim option was made available in 1970. The Ranchero Squire was an upmarket trim package which featured a woodgrain applique similar to that found on the Country Squire station wagon. Like in previous years, all Torino trim and engine options could be ordered, including all-new Ram-Air 429 Cobra Jet or Super Cobra Jet engines (7 L) with the new \"shaker\" hood scoop, so named because it was directly mounted to the carburetor and shook with the engine at idle. Also available was a stylish grille that featured hide-away headlamps, as well as an optional hood with an oversized scoop which was standard on Torino GTs. The 1971 is distinguished by a grilled divided by a center section.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.40956589579582214, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ford Ranchero" }, { "answer": "El Camino", "passage": "Rancheros are reasonably collectible, though they are nowadays often overlooked in favor of the later-arriving Chevrolet El Camino, which stayed in production eight more years. Miniatures, apart from hand-cast resin kits from cottage-industry makers, are rare. Several Revell offerings of the 1957 model in both 1/32 and 1/25 scale have been offered over the years, as has a kit of the 1961 Ranchero by AMT/Ertl. A well-detailed promotional model of the 1959 intended for distribution by dealers was offered both with and without interior trim, windows, and friction drive by AMT/Ertl's predecessor, SMP; resin castings of this model's body are offered by the aforementioned cottage industries, as well. No Matchbox versions were made, but Johnny Lightning makes a 1964 model, Hot Wheels an adult collectible '57, and 2011 HW Premiere 65 Ford Ranchero Racing Champions made a 1/64 scale 1957 Ranchero and AMT/Ertl currently produces a diecast '57 which doubles as a bank. AMT was responsible for other early dealer promotional models, too, including those of the aforementioned El Camino. Tonka produced a resin toy version of the 1968-69 model in roughly 1/24 scale as part of an auto transporter set; the front end of that toy arguably resembles the 1969 model more closely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3537939190864563, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ford Ranchero" }, { "answer": "El Camino", "passage": "The idea of a car-based pickup remains an attractive one, and is an illustration of how favorable treatment for light trucks over cars by United States regulations skews the marketplace. Many Ranchero and El Camino owners, indeed, stopped buying new vehicles when those models were discontinued. Aftermarket conversions of the Fairmont Futura and Mercury Zephyr Z7 sport coupes to a Ranchero-like \"Durango\" pickup were sold in select Ford dealers in the early- to mid-1980s. Recently, interest in producing such vehicles again has grown, including those like the Subaru Baja, essentially an Outback station wagon with a stubby pickup bed instead of an enclosed cargo area. The Baja, like the Ranchero, is titled in most American states and Canadian provinces as a commercial vehicle. Until the late-2000s, the North American market tended to lean towards compact and midsized crew-cab four-door pickups such as the Ford Explorer Sport Trac and Chevrolet Colorado. However, with the compact pickups having grown towards midsized and encroaching on base models of more profitable full-sized pickups, some manufacturers such as Ford and Ram Trucks have discontinued even their compact and midsized offerings; Ford discontinued the North American Ranger in 2012 and opted not to sell its global replacement in North America due to being too close in size and price to the base model Ford F-150. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.602859973907471, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ford Ranchero" } ]

[ { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated adventure buddy comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by John Lasseter at his directorial debut, Toy Story was the first feature-length computer-animated film and the first theatrical film produced by Pixar. Toy Story follows a group of anthropomorphic toys who pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present, and focuses on the relationship between Woody, a pullstring cowboy doll (voiced by Tom Hanks), and Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure (voiced by Tim Allen). The film was written by John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, Alec Sokolow, and Joss Whedon, and featured music by Randy Newman. Its executive producers were Steve Jobs and Edwin Catmull. It was released in theatres November 22, 1995.", "precise_score": -0.7520517110824585, "rough_score": -3.2871992588043213, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "There were two premieres of Toy Story in November 1995. Disney organized one at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles, and built a fun house, Totally Toy Story, next door featuring the characters. Jobs did not attend and instead rented the Regency, a similar theater in San Francisco, and held his own premiere the next night. Instead of Tom Hanks and Tim Allen, the guests were Silicon Valley celebrities, such as Larry Ellison and Andy Grove. The dueling premieres highlighted a festering issue between the companies: whether Toy Story was a Disney or a Pixar film. \"The audience appeared to be captivated by the film,\" wrote David Price in his 2008 book The Pixar Touch. \"Adult-voiced sobs could be heard during the quiet moments after Buzz Lightyear fell and lay broken on the stairway landing.\" Toy Story opened on 2,281 screens in the United States on November 22, 1995 (before later expanding to 2,574 screens). It was paired alongside a reissue of a Roger Rabbit short called Rollercoaster Rabbit, while select prints contained The Adventures of André and Wally B..", "precise_score": -3.292693614959717, "rough_score": -5.395963191986084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "Buzz Lightyear's classic line \"To Infinity and Beyond\" has seen usage not only on themed merchandise, but among philosophers and mathematical theorists as well. In 2008, during STS-124 astronauts took an action figure of Buzz Lightyear into space on the Discovery Space Shuttle as part of an educational experience for students while stressing the catchphrase. The action figure was used for experiments in zero-g. It was reported in 2008 that a father and son had continually repeated the phrase to help them keep track of each other while treading water for 15 hours in the Atlantic Ocean. The phrase occurs in the lyrics of Beyoncé's 2008 song \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", during the bridge.", "precise_score": 3.6075074672698975, "rough_score": -3.851912498474121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "Toy Story also led to a spin-off direct-to-video animated film, Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins, as well as the animated television series Buzz Lightyear of Star Command. The film and series followed Buzz Lightyear and his friends at Star Command as they uphold justice across the galaxy. Although the film was criticized for not using the same animation as in Toy Story and Toy Story 2, it sold three million VHS and DVDs in its first week of release. The television series brought further commercial and critical acclaim, winning a Daytime Emmy in 2001 for Outstanding Sound Editing. The series ran for a total of 65 episodes.", "precise_score": -3.5415215492248535, "rough_score": -5.41617488861084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "In a world where toys are living things who pretend to be lifeless when their owners are present, a group of toys owned by a six-year-old boy, Andy Davis (John Morris), are caught off-guard when Andy's birthday party is moved up a week, as Andy, his single mother (Laurie Metcalf) and infant sister Molly are preparing to move the following week. The toys' leader and Andy's favorite toy, an old fashioned cowboy doll named Sheriff Woody (Tom Hanks) organizes the other toys, including Bo Peep the shepherdess (Annie Potts), Mr. Potato Head (Don Rickles), Rex the Dinosaur (Wallace Shawn), Hamm the Piggy Bank (John Ratzenberger) and Slinky Dog (Jim Varney), into a scouting mission. Green army men, led by Sarge (R. Lee Ermey), spy on the party and report the results to the others via baby monitors. The toys are relieved when the party appears to end with none of them having been replaced, but then Andy receives a surprise gift – an electronic toy space ranger action figure named Buzz Lightyear (Tim Allen), who believes that he is an actual space ranger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.517765998840332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "* Tim Allen as Buzz Lightyear, a space ranger action figure and Woody's rival, who later becomes his best friend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.151686668395996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "* Ryan O'Donohue as kid in Buzz Lightyear commercial", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.451416015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "* Andrew Stanton as Buzz Lightyear commercial chorus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.477161407470703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "The script went through many changes before the final version. Lasseter decided Tinny was \"too antiquated\", and the character was changed to a military action figure, and then given a space theme. Tinny's name changed to Lunar Larry, then Tempus from Morph, and eventually Buzz Lightyear (after astronaut Buzz Aldrin). Lightyear's design was modeled on the suits worn by Apollo astronauts as well as G.I. Joe action figures. In addition, the green and purple color scheme on Lightyear's suit was inspired by Lasseter and his wife, Nancy, whose favorite colors were green and purple respectively. Woody, the second character, was inspired by a Casper the Friendly Ghost doll that Lasseter had when he was a child. Originally, Woody was a ventriloquist's dummy with a pull-string (hence the name Woody). However, character designer Bud Luckey suggested that Woody could be changed to a cowboy ventriloquist dummy. John Lasseter liked the contrast between the Western and the science fiction genres and the character immediately changed. Eventually all the ventriloquist dummy aspects of the character were deleted, because the dummy was designed to look \"sneaky and mean.\" However they kept the name Woody to pay homage to the Western actor Woody Strode. The story department drew inspiration from films such as Midnight Run and The Odd Couple, and Lasseter screened Hayao Miyazaki's Castle in the Sky (1986) for further influence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.599350929260254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "The Pixar team came back with a new script three months later, with the character of Woody morphed from being a tyrannical boss of Andy's other toys to being their wise and caring leader. It also included a more adult-oriented staff meeting amongst the toys rather than a juvenile group discussion that had existed in earlier drafts. Buzz Lightyear's character was also changed slightly \"to make it more clear to the audience that he really doesn't realize he's a toy.\" Katzenberg and Schneider approved the new approach, and by February 1994 the film was back in production. The voice actors returned in March 1994 to record their new lines. When production was greenlit, the crew quickly grew from its original size of 24 to 110, including 27 animators, 22 technical directors, and 61 other artists and engineers. In comparison, The Lion King, released in 1994, required a budget of $45 million and a staff of 800. In the early budgeting process, Jobs was eager to produce the film as efficiently as possible, impressing Katzenberg with his focus on cost-cutting. Despite this, the $17 million production budget was proving inadequate, especially given the major revision that was necessary after Katzenberg had pushed them to make Woody too edgy. Jobs demanded more funds to complete the film right, and insisted that Disney was liable for the cost overruns. Katzenberg was not willing, and Ed Catmull, described as \"more diplomatic than Jobs,\" was able to reach a compromise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.794205665588379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "Director Terry Gilliam would praise the film as \"a work of genius. It got people to understand what toys are about. They're true to their own character. And that's just brilliant. It's got a shot that's always stuck with me, when Buzz Lightyear discovers he's a toy. He's sitting on this landing at the top of the staircase and the camera pulls back and he's this tiny little figure. He was this guy with a massive ego two seconds before... and it's stunning. I'd put that as one of my top ten films, period.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.65417766571045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "Toy Story had a large promotion before its release, leading to numerous tie-ins with the film including images on food packaging. A variety of merchandise was released during the film's theatrical run and its initial VHS release including toys, clothing, and shoes, among other things. When an action figure for Buzz Lightyear and Sheriff Woody was created it was initially ignored by retailers. However, after over 250,000 figures were sold for each character before the film's release, demand continued to expand, eventually reaching over 25 million units sold by 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.775515556335449, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "* Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin at the Magic Kingdom casts theme park guests as cadets in Buzz's Space Ranger Corps. Guests ride through various scenes featuring Emperor Zurg's henchmen, firing \"laser cannons\" at their Z symbols, scoring points for each hit. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303630828857422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "* Buzz Lightyear's Astro Blasters at Disneyland, is similar to Space Ranger Spin, except that the laser cannons are hand-held rather than mounted to the ride vehicle. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420148849487305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "* Buzz Lightyear's Astroblasters at Walt Disney World's DisneyQuest, despite the nearly identical name to the Disneyland attraction, is a bumper car style attraction in which guests compete against each other not only by ramming their ride vehicles into each other, but also by firing \"asteroids\" (playground balls) at each other. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331938743591309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "answer": "Buzz Lightyear", "passage": "* Toy Story Character Greetings are located at almost all Disney Parks. Three of the main characters, Buzz Lightyear, Woody and Jessie are normally the characters you would meet. Sometimes you can even meet Bullseye, the Green Army Men and Mr. Potato Head.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.218275547027588, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toy Story" } ]

[ { "answer": "Infield Fly Rule", "passage": "The 2012 National League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2012 postseason played between the National League's (NL) two wild card teams, the St. Louis Cardinals and the Atlanta Braves. It was held at Turner Field in Atlanta, on October 5, 2012, at 5:07 p.m. EDT. The Cardinals won by a 6–3 score and advanced to play the Washington Nationals in the NL Division Series. In addition to being the inaugural NL Wild Card Game, it is notable for being the final game of Chipper Jones's career, as well as for a controversial infield fly rule call made by umpire Sam Holbrook. The game was televised on TBS. ", "precise_score": -5.170336723327637, "rough_score": 1.05237877368927, "source": "wiki", "title": "2012 National League Wild Card Game" }, { "answer": "Infield Fly Rule", "passage": "In the bottom of the eighth inning, Andrelton Simmons hit a fly ball to left field that dropped in between Cardinals shortstop Pete Kozma and left fielder Holliday. Left field umpire Sam Holbrook called Simmons out, citing the infield fly rule. Had an infield fly not been called, Simmons would have been credited with a single and Atlanta would have had the bases loaded with one out, trailing 6–3. Fans littered the field with trash, delaying the game for 19 minutes before a message over the Turner Field public address system advised fans the game was subject to forfeiture by the umpires if the field continued to remain unplayable due to the thrown debris. Atlanta manager Fredi González announced that the Braves would play the rest of the game under protest. The protest was denied shortly after the game by Joe Torre, MLB executive vice president for baseball operations, saying it was a judgment call—which cannot be protested under MLB rules—and confirming the call's correctness. The questionable judgment call followed other questionable umpiring that went against the Atlanta Braves in the playoffs, including the Kent Hrbek–Ron Gant incident in the 1991 World Series and the Eric Gregg strike zone in the 1997 NLCS.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.993293762207031, "source": "wiki", "title": "2012 National League Wild Card Game" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bonsai", "passage": "Within the East Asian artistic tradition, China has been the acknowledged teacher and Japan the devoted student. Nevertheless, several Japanese arts developed their own style, which can be differentiated from various Chinese arts. The monumental, symmetrically balanced, rational approach of Chinese art forms became miniaturized, irregular, and subtly suggestive in Japanese hands. Miniature rock gardens, diminutive plants (bonsai), and ikebana (flower arrangements), in which the selected few represented a garden, were the favorite pursuits of refined aristocrats for a millennium, and they have remained a part of contemporary cultural life.", "precise_score": -3.1924922466278076, "rough_score": -2.987903118133545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Japanese art" } ]

[ { "answer": "Candy Crowley", "passage": "CNN again devoted large amounts of coverage to the 2012 U.S. Presidential campaign. Chief political correspondent Candy Crowley acted as moderator for one of the three debates between Mitt Romney and Barack Obama. Some conservatives viewed her as overly partisan/biased due to her attempts at correcting statements by both candidates on the 2012 Benghazi consulate attack. ", "precise_score": 2.6275062561035156, "rough_score": -1.4519550800323486, "source": "wiki", "title": "CNN" } ]

[ { "answer": "Helium Balloon", "passage": "Felix Baumgartner (;) is an Austrian skydiver, daredevil and BASE jumper. He is best known for his participation in the Red Bull Stratos project, in which he jumped to Earth from a helium balloon in the stratosphere on October 14, 2012. Doing so, he set world records for skydiving an estimated 39 km, reaching an estimated top speed of , or Mach 1.25,", "precise_score": 2.666494369506836, "rough_score": 3.292771100997925, "source": "wiki", "title": "Felix Baumgartner" } ]

[ { "answer": "Oil Can Harry", "passage": "Mighty Mouse featured two recurring female leads. In the cartoon shorts, she was a mouse named Pearl Pureheart. In the comics in the 1950s and 1960s, the female lead was named Mitzi. His recurring arch-enemy is a villain cat named Oil Can Harry, who originated as a human in earlier Terrytoons as the enemy of Fanny Zilch.", "precise_score": -4.96468448638916, "rough_score": -5.0704665184021, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" }, { "answer": "TerryToons", "passage": "Mighty Mouse had little theatrical impact, but became Terrytoons' most popular character and a cultural icon on television.", "precise_score": -8.012322425842285, "rough_score": -9.62682056427002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" }, { "answer": "TerryToons", "passage": "Mighty Mouse is an American animated anthropomorphic, superhero mouse character created by the Terrytoons studio for 20th Century Fox. The character first appeared in 1942 (originally named Super Mouse) and subsequently in 80 theatrical films between 1942 and 1961. These films appeared on American television from 1955 through 1967 Saturday mornings on the CBS television network. The character was twice revived by Filmation Studios in 1979, and in 1987 by animation director Ralph Bakshi, who had worked at the Terrytoons studio during his early career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.686694145202637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" }, { "answer": "Oil Can Harry", "passage": "The characters often sing mock opera arias (e.g., Pearl: \"Oil Can Harry, you're a villain!\"; Oil Can Harry: \"I know it, but it's a lot of fun...\"). Mighty Mouse sings tenor, Pearl soprano, Oil Can Harry bass-baritone. Mighty Mouse is also famous for singing \"Here I come to save the day!\" when flying into action.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.581954956054688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" }, { "answer": "TerryToons", "passage": "CBS purchased the Terrytoons studio from Paul Terry in 1955. The Mighty Mouse Playhouse aired Saturday mornings December 10, 1955 until Sep. 2, 1967, using the existing film library. Only three new cartoons were produced after the sale. The final season included a new feature: The Mighty Heroes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.574788093566895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" }, { "answer": "Oil Can Harry", "passage": "In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Filmation made television cartoons starring Mighty Mouse and fellow Terrytoon characters Heckle and Jeckle (both voiced by Frank Welker) in a show called The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle. The show introduced two new characters: a vampire duck named Quacula (not to be confused with Count Duckula), and Oil Can Harry's bumbling, large, but swift-running, henchman Swifty. The show premiered in 1979 and lasted two seasons. It spawned a limited theatrical release matinee movie, Mighty Mouse in the Great Space Chase, released December 10, 1982. In the Filmation series and movie, Mighty Mouse and Oil Can Harry were voiced by veteran voice artist Alan Oppenheimer, Pearl Pureheart by Diane Pershing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.701658248901367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" }, { "answer": "TerryToons", "passage": "In 1987 and 1988, animation producer Ralph Bakshi (who began his career at Terrytoons in the late 1950s and worked on the last Mighty Mouse shorts filmed by that company) created a new series of Mighty Mouse cartoons entitled Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures for the CBS Saturday morning children's lineup. In this series, Mighty Mouse has a real identity, Mike Mouse (both identities voiced by Patrick Pinney), and a sidekick, Scrappy Mouse (voiced by actress Dana Hill), the little orphan. Though a children's cartoon, its heavy satirical tone, risque humor, and adult jokes made the Bakshi Mighty Mouse series a collector's item for collectors of older television series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.994279861450195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" }, { "answer": "TerryToons", "passage": "The rights to Mighty Mouse are now divided as a result of the 2006 corporate split of Viacom (the former owner of the Terrytoons franchise) into two separate companies. CBS Operations (a unit of the current CBS Corporation) owns the ancillary rights and trademarks to the character, while Paramount Home Entertainment/CBS Home Entertainment holds home video rights. The first official release of Mighty Mouse material has been announced and what is now CBS Television Distribution has television syndication rights (the shorts are currently out of circulation).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.132415771484375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" }, { "answer": "TerryToons", "passage": "Terrytoons theatrical shorts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.793888092041016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mighty Mouse" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nordstrom Rack", "passage": "Nordstrom, Inc. is an American upscale fashion retailer, founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin and headquartered in Seattle. The company began as a shoe retailer and has since expanded its inventory to include clothing, accessories, handbags, jewelry, cosmetics, and fragrances. Select Nordstrom stores also have wedding and home furnishing departments. There are 329 stores operating in 39 states and Canada, which includes 121 full-line stores and 200 Nordstrom Racks, five Trunk Club clubhouses, two Jeffrey boutiques and one clearance store. Nordstrom also serves customers through nordstrom.com and nordstromrack.com, and its online private sale site, HauteLook. In addition, Nordstrom operates one clearance store, along with two Jeffrey boutiques. Nordstrom, Inc.'s common stock is publicly traded on the NYSE under the symbol JWN. The company announced plans to open six stores in Canada beginning in 2014, as well as its first namesake in New York City in 2018. Nationally, Nordstrom competes with luxury retailers Bloomingdale's, Lord & Taylor, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue. Of its retail competitors, Nordstrom has both the largest number of store locations and the largest geographic footprint, and its stores anchor many upscale malls throughout the United States.", "precise_score": 4.444027900695801, "rough_score": 5.793899059295654, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom Rack", "passage": "By 1975, Nordstrom expanded into Alaska (the only time by acquisition) by purchasing Northern Commercial Company and opened its first Nordstrom Rack clearance store in Seattle. A strong northwest regional retailer with sales already approaching $250 million (making it the third-largest specialty retailer in the U.S.), it opened its first Southern California store at South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa in 1978. By the early 1990s, it had opened 26 stores plus Racks in California. Subsequent expansion relied on creating a strongly decentralized regional structure, beginning with the Northeast (Tysons Corner Center, 1988), Midwest (Oakbrook Center, 1991), Southeast (Atlanta, 1998), and Southwest (Dallas, 1996) to which the California stores were added. In a new region, the initial store was used as a base for training and recruitment for subsequent expansion, and was usually backed by its own distribution center. From 1978 to 1995, Nordstrom opened a total of 46 full-line department stores. ", "precise_score": 3.0210797786712646, "rough_score": 5.792446136474609, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "In 1976, Nordstrom opened a series of stores called Place Two to sell a more limited selection of apparel in smaller markets. By 1983, there were ten Place Two stores, but the cost of upgrading the smaller stores, especially from a systems perspective, outweighed the benefit, and the division was discontinued. The company also expanded into direct sales in 1993, beginning with a catalog division led by John N.'s son Dan that was followed by an e-commerce business. Nordstrom.com's fulfillment and contact centers are located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and Seattle, Washington. Currently, it has distribution centers in Ontario, California; Newark, California; Portland, Oregon; Dubuque, Iowa; Upper Marlboro, Maryland; and Gainesville, Florida.", "precise_score": 0.120244100689888, "rough_score": 0.060222938656806946, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "In 1998, Nordstrom replaced its downtown Seattle store with a new flagship location in the former Frederick & Nelson building across the street. At 383000 sqft, the downtown Seattle location is the chain's largest store. By contrast, the smallest Nordstrom store (as of September 2008) opened in 1980 in Salem, Oregon and has a total area of just under 72000 sqft.", "precise_score": -0.7732042074203491, "rough_score": 1.6932789087295532, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom Rack", "passage": "On May 26, 2011, Nordstrom announced that they would be closing the downtown Indianapolis, Indiana Circle Center Mall location due to declining business at the site. The remaining location on the north side of the city at the Fashion Mall at Keystone as well as the future Nordstrom Rack store in the Rivers Edge Shopping Center, also on the north side, remained as the only two locations in the state. Erik Nordstrom, president of stores at Nordstrom stated, \"We've enjoyed serving our customers in downtown Indianapolis, but unfortunately our business has declined over the long term for some time and despite our efforts to turn things around we don't see the outlook significantly changing.\" ", "precise_score": -1.1947077512741089, "rough_score": -0.28799477219581604, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "In 1887, at the age of 16, like many other Swedes in the late 19th century, John W. Nordstrom immigrated to the United States in search of opportunity. He was born in the village of Alvik Nedar Luleå in Northern Sweden. His name at birth was \"Johan Nordström\" which he later anglicized to John Nordstrom. After landing in New York, he first began working in Michigan. As he moved across the country, he worked a series of menial jobs. He was able to save enough money to purchase a 20 acre potato farm in Arlington, Washington, near Seattle. In 1897, he joined the Klondike Gold Rush in Canada's Yukon Territory, leaving Seattle. After two years of prospecting, he finally struck gold, but sold his disputed claim for $13,000. Returning to Seattle with his newfound wealth, he married Hilda Carlson and looked for a business venture, finally settling on a shoe store that opened in 1901, called Wallin & Nordstrom. Carl F. Wallin, the co-founder of the store, was the owner of the adjacent shoe repair shop. John and Hilda had five children, three of whom would follow him into the family business, Everett W.(1903), Elmer J. (1904) and Lloyd N. Nordstrom. By the time Wallin & Nordstrom opened their second store in Seattle in 1923, Elmer, a recent graduate of the University of Washington, had enough experience to be placed in charge of its opening.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.338386535644531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "In 1928, John W. Nordstrom retired and sold his shares to two of his sons, Everett and Elmer. In 1929, Wallin also retired and sold his shares to them. The 1930 grand opening of the remodeled Second Avenue store marked the change of name to Nordstrom. Lloyd Nordstrom subsequently joined the company in 1933, and the three brothers ran the business together for almost forty years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.405826091766357, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "By 1958, Nordstrom had expanded to eight stores in two states but still only sold shoes. Their expansion was based on customer service, deep product offerings and full size ranges. Apparel came with its purchase of Best Apparel of Seattle in 1963. The company's name was changed to Nordstrom Absolute Best in 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.880795478820801, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "By 1968, the second generation debated selling the company as Everett neared retirement. Instead, they were convinced by the third generation Nordstroms—Bruce A. (Everett's son), James F. and John N. (Elmer's two sons), together with John A. (Jack) MacMillan (married to Lloyd's daughter) -- to take the company public instead, and allow the cousins to take over the business. In 1971, the company was taken public on NASDAQ under the ticker NOBE (Nordstrom Best). In 1973, \"Best\" was dropped from the company's name, and the store assumed its current name of Nordstrom. It was moved to the New York Stock Exchange in 1999 under the ticker symbol JWN after John W. Nordstrom, its founder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6144819259643555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom Bank", "passage": "Nordstrom FSB, a wholly owned subsidiary of Nordstrom, Inc., is a federally chartered savings bank doing business as Nordstrom Bank. It was formed in 1991 in Scottsdale, Arizona, with its customer contact center in Centennial, Colorado. Nordstrom FSB was formerly known as Nordstrom National Credit Bank and changed its name to Nordstrom FSB in March 2000. The bank offers various banking and credit products, such as Nordstrom Signature VISA, Nordstrom retail credit and debit cards, interest-bearing checking accounts, check cards, and certificates of deposits. It offers Nordstrom customers cards under Nordstrom Rewards – its customer loyalty program – where customers earn points when making purchases with the card at Nordstrom and other retailers. Other rewards include Nordstrom Notes which are redeemed or used like cash in stores for new purchases and the Nordstrom Signature VISA card also has an optional travel/leisure rewards feature. The Nordstrom Rewards program features 4 levels of status depending on annual spending and offers various promotional times throughout the year to earn double, triple and even ten-times points. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.832485198974609, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "Beginning in 1995, the fourth generation of brothers and cousins served as co-presidents for a time. After John Whitacre served as the first non-Nordstrom CEO in 1997, in 2001 the family reasserted its control, with the sons of Bruce A. (Blake, Erik and Peter) assuming senior roles in the company which they continue to hold. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.562560081481934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "Nordstrom sold its stand-alone boutique chain Façonnable in 2007, though it still offers that label in its lineup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.361119270324707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "In February 2011, Nordstrom announced the acquisition of HauteLook, an LA-based online retailer that offers flash sales on designer goods. The deal included Nordstrom paying $180 million in stock and a three-year \"earn-out\" payment based on HauteLook's financial performance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.496503829956055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "In August 2011, Nordstrom opened the store Treasure & Bond in SoHo, New York. Intended to test the waters of the tumultuous high-end department store scene in New York, all profits of Treasure & Bond are donated to charity. The customer base of the smaller store is thought to be the younger, more free-willed sister of the typical Nordstrom customer. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8315796852111816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom Rack", "passage": "During this same time, Nordstrom also announced plans to open a Nordstrom Rack in Milwaukee in 2014. In late November 2012, Nordstrom announced that they would also be opening a full line Nordstrom Department Store in 2015 in Milwaukee at Mayfair Mall, a half-mile away from the Nordstrom Rack location. Milwaukee was the largest metropolitan area in the country that did not have a Nordstrom until 2015. Such unmet demand was highlighted in Nordstrom's decision to open in the Milwaukee area. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.775671005249023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "On January 4, 2013, Nordstrom confirmed a new location in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan region. To be located at the Ridgedale Center, it would be the second in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area. Following the success of its Mall of America opening in 1991, Nordstrom has sought to expand in the Twin Cities market. Plans were originally made in 2007 to open at Ridgedale Center in 2011, only to be canceled in 2009. It opened in September 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.376789093017578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom Rack", "passage": "Nordstrom opened its first Rack location in Philadelphia in the fall of 2014. In the fall of 2015, Nordstrom opened their first Nordstrom Rack store in Delaware. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.628243446350098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom Rack", "passage": "Other Canada stores are scheduled to open fall 2016 (Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Eaton Centre in Toronto), spring 2017 (Sherway Gardens in Toronto). The first \"Nordstrom Rack\" is to open in Toronto in 2018. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.495983123779297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "Nordstrom opened a 138,000 square feet, two-level, full-line store March 2015 in The Mall of San Juan in San Juan, Puerto Rico. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7937073707580566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "Nordstrom traditionally only holds five designated sale events each year. Four of these are Half-Yearly sales, which take place semi-annually and are split up by department. For women and kids, the Half-Yearly sales take place in May and November. The Men's Half-Yearly sales occur in mid-June and late December.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.257558822631836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "Nordstrom's largest sale event is the Nordstrom Anniversary Sale, which is held each July. Limited amounts of merchandise set to be released for the following fall is sent to Nordstrom stores early, where it is sold at a large discount. For ten days prior to Anniversary Sale, Nordstrom rewards members are able to make appointments with sales associates to shop the sale early through the store's Early Access event. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.036961078643799, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "Nordstrom was listed at No. 72 in Fortune magazine's 100 Best Companies to Work For 2009. (Nordstrom is a Hall of Fame member of Fortune magazine's \"100 Best Companies to Work For\" list. ) Nordstrom was No. 36 on the same list in 2008, No. 24 in 2007, No. 46 in 2006 and No. 88 in 2005. In 2010, it ranked number 53, and dropped to 61 in 2012. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.144628524780273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "Nordstrom was ranked No. 286 (previously 293) on the Fortune 500 for 2007. In 2011 it ranked 254, and as of 2012 it sits at 242. It moved to 224 as of the 2015 [http://fortune.com/fortune500/2015/nordstrom-224/ survey.]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.118675231933594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" }, { "answer": "Nordstrom", "passage": "As of December 2013, WWD reports that Nordstrom is the top fashion retailer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1475982666015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nordstrom" } ]