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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Effect of some convulsants on the protective activity of loreclezole and its combinations with valproate or clonazepam in amygdala - kindled rats .
### Output Text: | Effect of some convulsants on the protective activity of <span class="chemical">loreclezole</span> and its combinations with <span class="chemical">valproate</span> or <span class="chemical">clonazepam</span> in amygdala - kindled rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Loreclezole ( 5 mg / kg ) exerted a significant protective action in amygdala - kindled rats , reducing both seizure and afterdischarge durations .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Loreclezole</span> ( 5 mg / kg ) exerted a significant protective action in amygdala - kindled rats , reducing both seizure and afterdischarge durations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The combinations of loreclezole ( 2 . 5 mg / kg ) with valproate , clonazepam , or carbamazepine ( applied at their subprotective doses ) also exhibited antiseizure effect in this test .
### Output Text: | The combinations of <span class="chemical">loreclezole</span> ( 2 . 5 mg / kg ) with <span class="chemical">valproate</span> , <span class="chemical">clonazepam</span> , or <span class="chemical">carbamazepine</span> ( applied at their subprotective doses ) also exhibited antiseizure effect in this test . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , only two first combinations occurred to be of pharmacodynamic nature .
### Output Text: | However , only two first combinations occurred to be of pharmacodynamic nature . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Among several chemoconvulsants , bicuculline , N - methyl - D - aspartic acid and BAY k - 8644 ( the opener of L - type calcium channels ) reversed the protective activity of loreclezole alone and its combination with valproate .
### Output Text: | Among several chemoconvulsants , <span class="chemical">bicuculline</span> , <span class="chemical">N - methyl - D - aspartic acid</span> and <span class="chemical">BAY k - 8644</span> ( the opener of L - type <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channels ) reversed the protective activity of <span class="chemical">loreclezole</span> alone and its combination with <span class="chemical">valproate</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: On the other hand , bicuculline , aminophylline and BAY k - 8644 inhibited the anticonvulsive action of loreclezole combined with clonazepam .
### Output Text: | On the other hand , <span class="chemical">bicuculline</span> , <span class="chemical">aminophylline</span> and <span class="chemical">BAY k - 8644</span> inhibited the anticonvulsive action of <span class="chemical">loreclezole</span> combined with <span class="chemical">clonazepam</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results support the hypothesis that the protective activity of loreclezole and its combinations with other antiepileptics may involve potentiation of GABAergic neurotransmission and blockade of L - type of calcium channels .
### Output Text: | The results support the hypothesis that the protective activity of <span class="chemical">loreclezole</span> and its combinations with other antiepileptics may involve potentiation of GABAergic neurotransmission and blockade of L - type of <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channels . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Mitochondrial DNA and its respiratory chain products are defective in doxorubicin nephrosis .
### Output Text: | Mitochondrial DNA and its respiratory chain products are defective in <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> nephrosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Doxorubicin induces a self - perpetuating nephropathy characterized by early glomerular and late - onset tubular lesions in rats .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : <span class="chemical">Doxorubicin</span> induces a self - perpetuating nephropathy characterized by early glomerular and late - onset tubular lesions in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We investigated the potential role of mitochondrial injury in the onset of these lesions .
### Output Text: | We investigated the potential role of mitochondrial injury in the onset of these lesions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: METHODS : Rats were treated with intravenous doxorubicin ( 1 mg kg ( - 1 ) week ( - 1 ) ) for 7 weeks and were sacrificed either 1 week ( ' short - term ' ) or 30 weeks ( ' long - term ' ) following the last dose .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Rats were treated with intravenous <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> ( 1 mg kg ( - 1 ) week ( - 1 ) ) for 7 weeks and were sacrificed either 1 week ( ' short - term ' ) or 30 weeks ( ' long - term ' ) following the last dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Additional rats received a single dose either 6 days or 2 h prior to euthanasia .
### Output Text: | Additional rats received a single dose either 6 days or 2 h prior to euthanasia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: All rats were killed at 48 weeks of age .
### Output Text: | All rats were killed at 48 weeks of age . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Glomerular and tubular injury was monitored and correlated to the activity or expression of respiratory chain components .
### Output Text: | Glomerular and tubular injury was monitored and correlated to the activity or expression of respiratory chain components . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Finally , we quantified both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) as well as superoxide production and the 4834 base pair ' common ' mtDNA deletion .
### Output Text: | Finally , we quantified both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) as well as <span class="chemical">superoxide</span> production and the 4834 base pair ' common ' mtDNA deletion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : The ' long - term ' group had significant glomerular and tubular lesions , depressed activities of mtDNA - encoded NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome - c oxidase ( COX ) and increased citrate synthase activity .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : The ' long - term ' group had significant glomerular and tubular lesions , depressed activities of mtDNA - encoded NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome - c oxidase ( COX ) and increased <span class="chemical">citrate</span> synthase activity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In addition , expression of the mtDNA - encoded COX subunit I was reduced and mtDNA levels were decreased .
### Output Text: | In addition , expression of the mtDNA - encoded COX subunit I was reduced and mtDNA levels were decreased . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In ' short - term ' rats , there were fewer tubular lesions , but similar numbers of glomerular lesions activity .
### Output Text: | In ' short - term ' rats , there were fewer tubular lesions , but similar numbers of glomerular lesions activity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Among all animals , glomerular and tubular injury were inversely correlated with mtDNA levels , mtDNA - encoded respiratory chain activities and with the expression of the mtDNA - encoded respiratory chain subunit COX - I .
### Output Text: | Among all animals , glomerular and tubular injury were inversely correlated with mtDNA levels , mtDNA - encoded respiratory chain activities and with the expression of the mtDNA - encoded respiratory chain subunit COX - I . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Injury was positively correlated with superoxide production and the activities of nucleus - encoded mitochondrial or cytoplasmic enzymes .
### Output Text: | Injury was positively correlated with <span class="chemical">superoxide</span> production and the activities of nucleus - encoded mitochondrial or cytoplasmic enzymes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Kidneys from the ' long - term ' group showed more mtDNA deletions than in ' short - term ' animals and these were not observed in the other groups .
### Output Text: | Kidneys from the ' long - term ' group showed more mtDNA deletions than in ' short - term ' animals and these were not observed in the other groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest an important role for quantitative and qualitative mtDNA alterations through the reduction of mtDNA - encoded respiratory chain function and induction of superoxide in doxorubicin - induced renal lesions .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest an important role for quantitative and qualitative mtDNA alterations through the reduction of mtDNA - encoded respiratory chain function and induction of <span class="chemical">superoxide</span> in <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> - induced renal lesions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A randomized , placebo - controlled , crossover study of ephedrine for SSRI - induced female sexual dysfunction .
### Output Text: | A randomized , placebo - controlled , crossover study of <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> for SSRI - induced female sexual dysfunction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The objective of this study was to determine whether ephedrine , an alpha - and beta - adrenergic agonist previously shown to enhance genital blood flow in women , has beneficial effects in reversing antidepressant - induced sexual dysfunction .
### Output Text: | The objective of this study was to determine whether <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> , an alpha - and beta - adrenergic agonist previously shown to enhance genital blood flow in women , has beneficial effects in reversing antidepressant - induced sexual dysfunction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nineteen sexually dysfunctional women receiving either fluoxetine , sertraline , or paroxetine participated in an eight - week , double - blind , placebo - controlled , cross - over study of the effects of ephedrine ( 50 mg ) on self - report measures of sexual desire , arousal , orgasm , and sexual satisfaction .
### Output Text: | Nineteen sexually dysfunctional women receiving either <span class="chemical">fluoxetine</span> , <span class="chemical">sertraline</span> , or <span class="chemical">paroxetine</span> participated in an eight - week , double - blind , placebo - controlled , cross - over study of the effects of <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> ( 50 mg ) on self - report measures of sexual desire , arousal , orgasm , and sexual satisfaction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although there were significant improvements relative to baseline in sexual desire and orgasm intensity / pleasure on 50 mg ephedrine 1 - hr prior to sexual activity , significant improvements in these measures , as well as in sexual arousal and orgasmic ability also were noted with placebo .
### Output Text: | Although there were significant improvements relative to baseline in sexual desire and orgasm intensity / pleasure on 50 mg <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> 1 - hr prior to sexual activity , significant improvements in these measures , as well as in sexual arousal and orgasmic ability also were noted with placebo . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These findings highlight the importance of conducting placebo - controlled trials for this condition .
### Output Text: | These findings highlight the importance of conducting placebo - controlled trials for this condition . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Does hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer have a detrimental effect on memory and cognition ?
### Output Text: | Does hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer have a detrimental effect on memory and cognition ? |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A pilot study .
### Output Text: | A pilot study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This pilot study examines whether hormone therapy for breast cancer affects cognition .
### Output Text: | This pilot study examines whether hormone therapy for breast cancer affects cognition . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patients participating in a randomised trial of anastrozole , tamoxifen alone or combined ( ATAC ) ( n = 94 ) and a group of women without breast cancer ( n = 35 ) completed a battery of neuropsychological measures .
### Output Text: | Patients participating in a randomised trial of <span class="chemical">anastrozole</span> , <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> alone or combined ( ATAC ) ( n = 94 ) and a group of women without breast cancer ( n = 35 ) completed a battery of neuropsychological measures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Compared with the control group , the patients were impaired on a processing speed task ( p = 0 . 032 ) and on a measure of immediate verbal memory ( p = 0 . 026 ) after controlling for the use of hormone replacement therapy in both groups .
### Output Text: | Compared with the control group , the patients were impaired on a processing speed task ( p = 0 . 032 ) and on a measure of immediate verbal memory ( p = 0 . 026 ) after controlling for the use of hormone replacement therapy in both groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patient group performance was not significantly related to length of treatment or measures of psychological morbidity .
### Output Text: | Patient group performance was not significantly related to length of treatment or measures of psychological morbidity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results showed specific impairments in processing speed and verbal memory in women receiving hormonal therapy for the treatment of breast cancer .
### Output Text: | The results showed specific impairments in processing speed and verbal memory in women receiving hormonal therapy for the treatment of breast cancer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Verbal memory may be especially sensitive to changes in oestrogen levels , a finding commonly reported in studies of hormone replacement therapy in healthy women .
### Output Text: | Verbal memory may be especially sensitive to changes in <span class="chemical">oestrogen</span> levels , a finding commonly reported in studies of hormone replacement therapy in healthy women . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In view of the increased use of hormone therapies in an adjuvant and preventative setting their impact on cognitive functioning should be investigated more thoroughly .
### Output Text: | In view of the increased use of hormone therapies in an adjuvant and preventative setting their impact on cognitive functioning should be investigated more thoroughly . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Expression of p300 protects cardiac myocytes from apoptosis in vivo .
### Output Text: | Expression of p300 protects cardiac myocytes from apoptosis in vivo . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Doxorubicin is an anti - tumor agent that represses cardiac - specific gene expression and induces myocardial cell apoptosis .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Doxorubicin</span> is an anti - tumor agent that represses cardiac - specific gene expression and induces myocardial cell apoptosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Doxorubicin depletes cardiac p300 , a transcriptional coactivator that is required for the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of cardiac myocytes .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Doxorubicin</span> depletes cardiac p300 , a transcriptional coactivator that is required for the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of cardiac myocytes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , the role of p300 in protection against doxorubicin - induced apoptosis is unknown .
### Output Text: | However , the role of p300 in protection against <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> - induced apoptosis is unknown . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Transgenic mice overexpressing p300 in the heart and wild - type mice were subjected to doxorubicin treatment .
### Output Text: | Transgenic mice overexpressing p300 in the heart and wild - type mice were subjected to <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Compared with wild - type mice , transgenic mice exhibited higher survival rate as well as more preserved left ventricular function and cardiac expression of alpha - sarcomeric actin .
### Output Text: | Compared with wild - type mice , transgenic mice exhibited higher survival rate as well as more preserved left ventricular function and cardiac expression of alpha - sarcomeric actin . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Doxorubicin induced myocardial cell apoptosis in wild - type mice but not in transgenic mice .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Doxorubicin</span> induced myocardial cell apoptosis in wild - type mice but not in transgenic mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Expression of p300 increased the cardiac level of bcl - 2 and mdm - 2 , but not that of p53 or other members of the bcl - 2 family .
### Output Text: | Expression of p300 increased the cardiac level of bcl - 2 and mdm - 2 , but not that of p53 or other members of the bcl - 2 family . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These findings demonstrate that overexpression of p300 protects cardiac myocytes from doxorubicin - induced apoptosis and reduces the extent of acute heart failure in adult mice in vivo .
### Output Text: | These findings demonstrate that overexpression of p300 protects cardiac myocytes from <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> - induced apoptosis and reduces the extent of acute heart failure in adult mice in vivo . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Methimazole - induced cholestatic jaundice .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Methimazole</span> - induced cholestatic jaundice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Methimazole is a widely used and generally well - tolerated antithyroid agent .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Methimazole</span> is a widely used and generally well - tolerated antithyroid agent . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A 43 - year - old woman had severe jaundice and itching 1 month after receiving methimazole ( 10 mg tid ) and propranolol ( 20 mg tid ) for treatment of hyperthyroidism .
### Output Text: | A 43 - year - old woman had severe jaundice and itching 1 month after receiving <span class="chemical">methimazole</span> ( 10 mg tid ) and <span class="chemical">propranolol</span> ( 20 mg tid ) for treatment of hyperthyroidism . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The patient continued treatment for another 4 days after the appearance of jaundice until she finished both medications .
### Output Text: | The patient continued treatment for another 4 days after the appearance of jaundice until she finished both medications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: When seen at the emergency department 2 weeks later , she still had severe icterus , pruritus , and hyperbilirubinemia , formed mainly of the conjugated fraction .
### Output Text: | When seen at the emergency department 2 weeks later , she still had severe icterus , pruritus , and hyperbilirubinemia , formed mainly of the conjugated fraction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Methimazole - induced cholestasis was diagnosed , and propranolol therapy was resumed .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Methimazole</span> - induced cholestasis was diagnosed , and <span class="chemical">propranolol</span> therapy was resumed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Over the following 9 days , the symptoms improved and plasma bilirubin levels were normal after 12 weeks without methimazole .
### Output Text: | Over the following 9 days , the symptoms improved and plasma <span class="chemical">bilirubin</span> levels were normal after 12 weeks without <span class="chemical">methimazole</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In rare cases within the first few weeks of therapy , this drug can cause severe and reversible cholestatic jaundice .
### Output Text: | In rare cases within the first few weeks of therapy , this drug can cause severe and reversible cholestatic jaundice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Physicians and patients should be aware of this adverse effect so that , upon occurrence , they can discontinue methimazole therapy and avoid unnecessary invasive procedures .
### Output Text: | Physicians and patients should be aware of this adverse effect so that , upon occurrence , they can discontinue <span class="chemical">methimazole</span> therapy and avoid unnecessary invasive procedures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Atrial fibrillation following chemotherapy for stage IIIE diffuse large B - cell gastric lymphoma in a patient with myotonic dystrophy ( Steinert ' s disease ) .
### Output Text: | Atrial fibrillation following chemotherapy for stage IIIE diffuse large B - cell gastric lymphoma in a patient with myotonic dystrophy ( Steinert ' s disease ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The authors describe the unusual association between diffuse B - cell gastric lymphoma and myotonic dystrophy , the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy , and sudden atrial fibrillation following one cycle of doxorubicin - based chemotherapy in the same patient .
### Output Text: | The authors describe the unusual association between diffuse B - cell gastric lymphoma and myotonic dystrophy , the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy , and sudden atrial fibrillation following one cycle of <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> - based chemotherapy in the same patient . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Atrial fibrillation or other cardiac arrhythmias are unusual complications in patients treated with chemotherapy .
### Output Text: | Atrial fibrillation or other cardiac arrhythmias are unusual complications in patients treated with chemotherapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The cardiac toxicity intrinsically associated with the aggressive chemotherapy employed could function as a triggering factor for the arrhythmia in the predisposed myocardium of this patient .
### Output Text: | The cardiac toxicity intrinsically associated with the aggressive chemotherapy employed could function as a triggering factor for the arrhythmia in the predisposed myocardium of this patient . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Hypersensitivity immune reaction as a mechanism for dilevalol - associated hepatitis .
### Output Text: | Hypersensitivity immune reaction as a mechanism for <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> - associated hepatitis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To assess lymphocyte reactivity to dilevalol and to serum containing putative ex vivo dilevalol antigens or metabolites in a case of dilevalol - induced liver injury .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : To assess lymphocyte reactivity to <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> and to serum containing putative ex vivo <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> antigens or metabolites in a case of <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> - induced liver injury . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: PATIENT : A 58 - year - old woman with a clinical diagnosis of dilevalol - induced liver injury .
### Output Text: | PATIENT : A 58 - year - old woman with a clinical diagnosis of <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> - induced liver injury . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from the patient were cultured in the presence of a solution of dilevalol and also with sera collected from a volunteer before and after dilevalol intake .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from the patient were cultured in the presence of a solution of <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> and also with sera collected from a volunteer before and after <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> intake . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A similar protocol was performed with lymphocytes from a healthy subject .
### Output Text: | A similar protocol was performed with lymphocytes from a healthy subject . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : No lymphocyte proliferation was observed either in the patient or in the healthy volunteer in the presence of dilevalol solutions .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : No lymphocyte proliferation was observed either in the patient or in the healthy volunteer in the presence of <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> solutions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A significant proliferative response to serum collected after dilevalol intake was observed in the case of the patient compared with the proliferative response to the serum collected before the drug intake .
### Output Text: | A significant proliferative response to serum collected after <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> intake was observed in the case of the patient compared with the proliferative response to the serum collected before the drug intake . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: No reactivity was found when lymphocytes from the healthy subject were tested under similar conditions .
### Output Text: | No reactivity was found when lymphocytes from the healthy subject were tested under similar conditions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : The methodology used allowed the detection of lymphocyte sensitization to sera containing ex vivo - prepared dilevalol antigens , suggesting the involvement of an immunologic mechanism in dilevalol - induced liver injury .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : The methodology used allowed the detection of lymphocyte sensitization to sera containing ex vivo - prepared <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> antigens , suggesting the involvement of an immunologic mechanism in <span class="chemical">dilevalol</span> - induced liver injury . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Increased expression and apical targeting of renal ENaC subunits in puromycin aminonucleoside - induced nephrotic syndrome in rats .
### Output Text: | Increased expression and apical targeting of renal ENaC subunits in <span class="chemical">puromycin aminonucleoside</span> - induced nephrotic syndrome in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
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### Input Text: Nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by sodium retention and generalized edema .
### Output Text: | Nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by <span class="chemical">sodium</span> retention and generalized edema . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , the molecular basis for the decreased renal sodium excretion remains undefined .
### Output Text: | However , the molecular basis for the decreased renal <span class="chemical">sodium</span> excretion remains undefined . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We hypothesized that epithelial Na channel ( ENaC ) subunit dysregulation may be responsible for the increased sodium retention .
### Output Text: | We hypothesized that epithelial <span class="chemical">Na</span> channel ( ENaC ) subunit dysregulation may be responsible for the increased <span class="chemical">sodium</span> retention . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: An experimental group of rats was treated with puromycin aminonucleoside ( PAN ; 180 mg / kg iv ) , whereas the control group received only vehicle .
### Output Text: | An experimental group of rats was treated with <span class="chemical">puromycin aminonucleoside</span> ( <span class="chemical">PAN</span> ; 180 mg / kg iv ) , whereas the control group received only vehicle . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After 7 days , PAN treatment induced significant proteinuria , hypoalbuminemia , decreased urinary sodium excretion , and extensive ascites .
### Output Text: | After 7 days , <span class="chemical">PAN</span> treatment induced significant proteinuria , hypoalbuminemia , decreased urinary <span class="chemical">sodium</span> excretion , and extensive ascites . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The protein abundance of alpha - ENaC and beta - ENaC was increased in the inner stripe of the outer medulla ( ISOM ) and in the inner medulla ( IM ) but was not altered in the cortex .
### Output Text: | The protein abundance of alpha - ENaC and beta - ENaC was increased in the inner stripe of the outer medulla ( ISOM ) and in the inner medulla ( IM ) but was not altered in the cortex . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: gamma - ENaC abundance was increased in the cortex , ISOM , and IM .
### Output Text: | gamma - ENaC abundance was increased in the cortex , ISOM , and IM . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Immunoperoxidase brightfield - and laser - scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy demonstrated increased targeting of alpha - ENaC , beta - ENaC , and gamma - ENaC subunits to the apical plasma membrane in the distal convoluted tubule ( DCT2 ) , connecting tubule , and cortical and medullary collecting duct segments .
### Output Text: | Immunoperoxidase brightfield - and laser - scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy demonstrated increased targeting of alpha - ENaC , beta - ENaC , and gamma - ENaC subunits to the apical plasma membrane in the distal convoluted tubule ( DCT2 ) , connecting tubule , and cortical and medullary collecting duct segments . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Immunoelectron microscopy further revealed an increased labeling of alpha - ENaC in the apical plasma membrane of cortical collecting duct principal cells of PAN - treated rats , indicating enhanced apical targeting of alpha - ENaC subunits .
### Output Text: | Immunoelectron microscopy further revealed an increased labeling of alpha - ENaC in the apical plasma membrane of cortical collecting duct principal cells of <span class="chemical">PAN</span> - treated rats , indicating enhanced apical targeting of alpha - ENaC subunits . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In contrast , the protein abundances of Na ( + ) / H ( + ) exchanger type 3 ( NHE3 ) , Na ( + ) - K ( + ) - 2Cl ( - ) cotransporter ( BSC - 1 ) , and thiazide - sensitive Na ( + ) - Cl ( - ) cotransporter ( TSC ) were decreased .
### Output Text: | In contrast , the protein abundances of <span class="chemical">Na</span> ( + ) / <span class="chemical">H</span> ( + ) exchanger type 3 ( NHE3 ) , <span class="chemical">Na</span> ( + ) - <span class="chemical">K</span> ( + ) - <span class="chemical">2Cl</span> ( - ) cotransporter ( BSC - 1 ) , and <span class="chemical">thiazide</span> - sensitive <span class="chemical">Na</span> ( + ) - <span class="chemical">Cl</span> ( - ) cotransporter ( TSC ) were decreased . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Moreover , the abundance of the alpha ( 1 ) - subunit of the Na - K - ATPase was decreased in the cortex and ISOM , but it remained unchanged in the IM .
### Output Text: | Moreover , the abundance of the alpha ( 1 ) - subunit of the <span class="chemical">Na</span> - <span class="chemical">K</span> - ATPase was decreased in the cortex and ISOM , but it remained unchanged in the IM . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In conclusion , the increased or sustained expression of ENaC subunits combined with increased apical targeting in the DCT2 , connecting tubule , and collecting duct are likely to play a role in the sodium retention associated with PAN - induced nephrotic syndrome .
### Output Text: | In conclusion , the increased or sustained expression of ENaC subunits combined with increased apical targeting in the DCT2 , connecting tubule , and collecting duct are likely to play a role in the <span class="chemical">sodium</span> retention associated with <span class="chemical">PAN</span> - induced nephrotic syndrome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The decreased abundance of NHE3 , BSC - 1 , TSC , and Na - K - ATPase may play a compensatory role to promote sodium excretion .
### Output Text: | The decreased abundance of NHE3 , BSC - 1 , TSC , and <span class="chemical">Na</span> - <span class="chemical">K</span> - ATPase may play a compensatory role to promote <span class="chemical">sodium</span> excretion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pallidal stimulation : an alternative to pallidotomy ?
### Output Text: | Pallidal stimulation : an alternative to pallidotomy ? |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A resurgence of interest in the surgical treatment of Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) came with the rediscovery of posteroventral pallidotomy by Laitinen in 1985 .
### Output Text: | A resurgence of interest in the surgical treatment of Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) came with the rediscovery of posteroventral pallidotomy by Laitinen in 1985 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Laitinen ' s procedure improved most symptoms in drug - resistant PD , which engendered wide interest in the neurosurgical community .
### Output Text: | Laitinen ' s procedure improved most symptoms in drug - resistant PD , which engendered wide interest in the neurosurgical community . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Another lesioning procedure , ventrolateral thalamotomy , has become a powerful alternative to stimulate the nucleus ventralis intermedius , producing high long - term success rates and low morbidity rates .
### Output Text: | Another lesioning procedure , ventrolateral thalamotomy , has become a powerful alternative to stimulate the nucleus ventralis intermedius , producing high long - term success rates and low morbidity rates . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pallidal stimulation has not met with the same success .
### Output Text: | Pallidal stimulation has not met with the same success . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: According to the literature pallidotomy improves the " on " symptoms of PD , such as dyskinesias , as well as the " off " symptoms , such as rigidity , bradykinesia , and on - off fluctuations .
### Output Text: | According to the literature pallidotomy improves the " on " symptoms of PD , such as dyskinesias , as well as the " off " symptoms , such as rigidity , bradykinesia , and on - off fluctuations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pallidal stimulation improves bradykinesia and rigidity to a minor extent ; however , its strength seems to be in improving levodopa - induced dyskinesias .
### Output Text: | Pallidal stimulation improves bradykinesia and rigidity to a minor extent ; however , its strength seems to be in improving <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> - induced dyskinesias . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Stimulation often produces an improvement in the hyper - or dyskinetic upper limbs , but increases the " freezing " phenomenon in the lower limbs at the same time .
### Output Text: | Stimulation often produces an improvement in the hyper - or dyskinetic upper limbs , but increases the " freezing " phenomenon in the lower limbs at the same time . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Considering the small increase in the patient ' s independence , the high costs of bilateral implants , and the difficulty most patients experience in handling the devices , the question arises as to whether bilateral pallidal stimulation is a real alternative to pallidotomy .
### Output Text: | Considering the small increase in the patient ' s independence , the high costs of bilateral implants , and the difficulty most patients experience in handling the devices , the question arises as to whether bilateral pallidal stimulation is a real alternative to pallidotomy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Effects of the cyclooxygenase - 2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib versus nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and placebo on cardiovascular thrombotic events in patients with arthritis .
### Output Text: | Effects of the cyclooxygenase - 2 specific inhibitor <span class="chemical">valdecoxib</span> versus nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and placebo on cardiovascular thrombotic events in patients with arthritis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There have been concerns that the risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events may be higher with cyclooxygenase ( COX ) - 2 - specific inhibitors than nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) .
### Output Text: | There have been concerns that the risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events may be higher with cyclooxygenase ( COX ) - 2 - specific inhibitors than nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We evaluated cardiovascular event data for valdecoxib , a new COX - 2 - specific inhibitor in approximately 8000 patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis treated with this agent in randomized clinical trials .
### Output Text: | We evaluated cardiovascular event data for <span class="chemical">valdecoxib</span> , a new COX - 2 - specific inhibitor in approximately 8000 patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis treated with this agent in randomized clinical trials . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The incidence of cardiovascular thrombotic events ( cardiac , cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular , or arterial thrombotic ) was determined by analyzing pooled valdecoxib ( 10 - 80 mg daily ) , nonselective NSAID ( diclofenac 75 mg bid , ibuprofen 800 mg tid , or naproxen 500 mg bid ) and placebo data from 10 randomized osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis trials that were 6 - 52 weeks in duration .
### Output Text: | The incidence of cardiovascular thrombotic events ( cardiac , cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular , or arterial thrombotic ) was determined by analyzing pooled <span class="chemical">valdecoxib</span> ( 10 - 80 mg daily ) , nonselective NSAID ( <span class="chemical">diclofenac</span> 75 mg bid , <span class="chemical">ibuprofen</span> 800 mg tid , or <span class="chemical">naproxen</span> 500 mg bid ) and placebo data from 10 randomized osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis trials that were 6 - 52 weeks in duration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The incidence rates of events were determined in all patients ( n = 7934 ) and in users of low - dose ( < or = 325 mg daily ) aspirin ( n = 1051 ) and nonusers of aspirin ( n = 6883 ) .
### Output Text: | The incidence rates of events were determined in all patients ( n = 7934 ) and in users of low - dose ( < or = 325 mg daily ) <span class="chemical">aspirin</span> ( n = 1051 ) and nonusers of <span class="chemical">aspirin</span> ( n = 6883 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Crude and exposure - adjusted incidences of thrombotic events were similar for valdecoxib , NSAIDs , and placebo .
### Output Text: | Crude and exposure - adjusted incidences of thrombotic events were similar for <span class="chemical">valdecoxib</span> , NSAIDs , and placebo . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The risk of serious thrombotic events was also similar for each valdecoxib dose .
### Output Text: | The risk of serious thrombotic events was also similar for each <span class="chemical">valdecoxib</span> dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Thrombotic risk was consistently higher for users of aspirin users than nonusers of aspirin ( placebo , 1 . 4 % vs . 0 % ; valdecoxib , 1 . 7 % vs . 0 . 2 % ; NSAIDs , 1 . 9 % vs . 0 . 5 % ) .
### Output Text: | Thrombotic risk was consistently higher for users of <span class="chemical">aspirin</span> users than nonusers of <span class="chemical">aspirin</span> ( placebo , 1 . 4 % vs . 0 % ; <span class="chemical">valdecoxib</span> , 1 . 7 % vs . 0 . 2 % ; NSAIDs , 1 . 9 % vs . 0 . 5 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The rates of events in users of aspirin were similar for all 3 treatment groups and across valdecoxib doses .
### Output Text: | The rates of events in users of <span class="chemical">aspirin</span> were similar for all 3 treatment groups and across <span class="chemical">valdecoxib</span> doses . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Short - and intermediate - term treatment with therapeutic ( 10 or 20 mg daily ) and supratherapeutic ( 40 or 80 mg daily ) valdecoxib doses was not associated with an increased incidence of thrombotic events relative to nonselective NSAIDs or placebo in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients in controlled clinical trials .
### Output Text: | Short - and intermediate - term treatment with therapeutic ( 10 or 20 mg daily ) and supratherapeutic ( 40 or 80 mg daily ) <span class="chemical">valdecoxib</span> doses was not associated with an increased incidence of thrombotic events relative to nonselective NSAIDs or placebo in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients in controlled clinical trials . |
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