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clinicalnlplab
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BC5CDR_chemical_dev

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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Hypersensitivity myocarditis complicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy heart . ### Output Text:
Hypersensitivity myocarditis complicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy heart .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The present report describes a case of eosinophilic myocarditis complicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . ### Output Text:
The present report describes a case of eosinophilic myocarditis complicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The 47 - year - old female patient , known to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , was admitted with biventricular failure and managed aggressively with dobutamine infusion and other drugs while being assessed for heart transplantation . ### Output Text:
The 47 - year - old female patient , known to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , was admitted with biventricular failure and managed aggressively with <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> infusion and other drugs while being assessed for heart transplantation .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: On transthoracic echocardiogram , she had moderate left ventricular dysfunction with regional variability and moderate mitral regurgitation . ### Output Text:
On transthoracic echocardiogram , she had moderate left ventricular dysfunction with regional variability and moderate mitral regurgitation .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The recipient ' s heart showed the features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis with abundant eosinophils . ### Output Text:
The recipient ' s heart showed the features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis with abundant eosinophils .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Myocarditis is rare and eosinophilic myocarditis is rarer . ### Output Text:
Myocarditis is rare and eosinophilic myocarditis is rarer .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: It is likely that the hypersensitivity ( eosinophilic ) myocarditis was related to dobutamine infusion therapy . ### Output Text:
It is likely that the hypersensitivity ( eosinophilic ) myocarditis was related to <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> infusion therapy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Eosinophilic myocarditis has been reported with an incidence of 2 . 4 % to 7 . 2 % in explanted hearts and may be related to multidrug therapy . ### Output Text:
Eosinophilic myocarditis has been reported with an incidence of 2 . 4 % to 7 . 2 % in explanted hearts and may be related to multidrug therapy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Time trends in warfarin - associated hemorrhage . ### Output Text:
Time trends in <span class="chemical">warfarin</span> - associated hemorrhage .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The annual incidence of warfarin - related bleeding at Brigham and Women ' s Hospital increased from 0 . 97 / 1 , 000 patient admissions in the first time period ( January 1995 to October 1998 ) to 1 . 19 / 1 , 000 patient admissions in the second time period ( November 1998 to August 2002 ) of this study . ### Output Text:
The annual incidence of <span class="chemical">warfarin</span> - related bleeding at Brigham and Women ' s Hospital increased from 0 . 97 / 1 , 000 patient admissions in the first time period ( January 1995 to October 1998 ) to 1 . 19 / 1 , 000 patient admissions in the second time period ( November 1998 to August 2002 ) of this study .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The proportion of patients with major and intracranial bleeding increased from 20 . 2 % and 1 . 9 % , respectively , in the first time period , to 33 . 3 % and 7 . 8 % , respectively , in the second . ### Output Text:
The proportion of patients with major and intracranial bleeding increased from 20 . 2 % and 1 . 9 % , respectively , in the first time period , to 33 . 3 % and 7 . 8 % , respectively , in the second .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Yohimbine treatment of sexual side effects induced by serotonin reuptake blockers . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Yohimbine</span> treatment of sexual side effects induced by <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> reuptake blockers .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that yohimbine facilitates sexual behavior and may be helpful in the treatment of male impotence . ### Output Text:
BACKGROUND : Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> facilitates sexual behavior and may be helpful in the treatment of male impotence .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A single case report suggests that yohimbine may be used to treat the sexual side effects of clomipramine . ### Output Text:
A single case report suggests that <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> may be used to treat the sexual side effects of <span class="chemical">clomipramine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This study evaluated yohimbine as a treatment for the sexual side effects caused by serotonin reuptake blockers . ### Output Text:
This study evaluated <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> as a treatment for the sexual side effects caused by <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> reuptake blockers .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: METHOD : Six patients with either obsessive compulsive disorder , trichotillomania , anxiety , or affective disorders who suffered sexual side effects after treatment with serotonin reuptake blockers were given yohimbine on a p . r . n . basis in an open clinical trial . ### Output Text:
METHOD : Six patients with either obsessive compulsive disorder , trichotillomania , anxiety , or affective disorders who suffered sexual side effects after treatment with <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> reuptake blockers were given <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> on a p . r . n . basis in an open clinical trial .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Various doses of yohimbine were used to determine the ideal dose for each patient . ### Output Text:
Various doses of <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> were used to determine the ideal dose for each patient .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: RESULTS : Five of the six patients experienced improved sexual functioning after taking yohimbine . ### Output Text:
RESULTS : Five of the six patients experienced improved sexual functioning after taking <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: One patient who failed to comply with yohimbine treatment had no therapeutic effects . ### Output Text:
One patient who failed to comply with <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> treatment had no therapeutic effects .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Side effects of yohimbine included excessive sweating , increased anxiety , and a wound - up feeling in some patients . ### Output Text:
Side effects of <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> included excessive sweating , increased anxiety , and a wound - up feeling in some patients .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: CONCLUSION : The results of this study indicate that yohimbine may be an effective treatment for the sexual side effects caused by serotonin reuptake blockers . ### Output Text:
CONCLUSION : The results of this study indicate that <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> may be an effective treatment for the sexual side effects caused by <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> reuptake blockers .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Future controlled studies are needed to further investigate the effectiveness and safety of yohimbine for this indication . ### Output Text:
Future controlled studies are needed to further investigate the effectiveness and safety of <span class="chemical">yohimbine</span> for this indication .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Hemorrhagic cystitis complicating bone marrow transplantation . ### Output Text:
Hemorrhagic cystitis complicating bone marrow transplantation .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially serious complication of high - dose cyclophosphamide therapy administered before bone marrow transplantation . ### Output Text:
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially serious complication of high - dose <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> therapy administered before bone marrow transplantation .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: As standard practice at our institution , patients who are scheduled to receive a bone marrow transplant are treated prophylactically with forced hydration and bladder irrigation . ### Output Text:
As standard practice at our institution , patients who are scheduled to receive a bone marrow transplant are treated prophylactically with forced hydration and bladder irrigation .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In an attempt to obviate the inconvenience of bladder irrigation , we conducted a feasibility trial of uroprophylaxis with mesna , which neutralizes the hepatic metabolite of cyclophosphamide that causes hemorrhagic cystitis . ### Output Text:
In an attempt to obviate the inconvenience of bladder irrigation , we conducted a feasibility trial of uroprophylaxis with <span class="chemical">mesna</span> , which neutralizes the hepatic metabolite of <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> that causes hemorrhagic cystitis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Of 97 patients who received standard prophylaxis , 4 had symptomatic hemorrhagic cystitis . ### Output Text:
Of 97 patients who received standard prophylaxis , 4 had symptomatic hemorrhagic cystitis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In contrast , two of four consecutive patients who received mesna uroprophylaxis before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation had severe hemorrhagic cystitis for at least 2 weeks . ### Output Text:
In contrast , two of four consecutive patients who received <span class="chemical">mesna</span> uroprophylaxis before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation had severe hemorrhagic cystitis for at least 2 weeks .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Because of this suboptimal result , we resumed the use of bladder irrigation and forced hydration to minimize the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis . ### Output Text:
Because of this suboptimal result , we resumed the use of bladder irrigation and forced hydration to minimize the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Consensus statement concerning cardiotoxicity occurring during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune diseases , with special reference to systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis . ### Output Text:
Consensus statement concerning cardiotoxicity occurring during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune diseases , with special reference to systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is now a feasible and effective treatment for selected patients with severe autoimmune diseases . ### Output Text:
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is now a feasible and effective treatment for selected patients with severe autoimmune diseases .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Worldwide , over 650 patients have been transplanted in the context of phase I and II clinical trials . ### Output Text:
Worldwide , over 650 patients have been transplanted in the context of phase I and II clinical trials .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The results are encouraging enough to begin randomised phase III trials . ### Output Text:
The results are encouraging enough to begin randomised phase III trials .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: However , as predicted , significant transplant - related morbidity and mortality have been observed . ### Output Text:
However , as predicted , significant transplant - related morbidity and mortality have been observed .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This is primarily due to complications related to either the stage of the disease at transplant or due to infections . ### Output Text:
This is primarily due to complications related to either the stage of the disease at transplant or due to infections .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The number of deaths related to cardiac toxicity is low . ### Output Text:
The number of deaths related to cardiac toxicity is low .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: However , caution is required when cyclophosphamide or anthracyclines such as mitoxantrone are used in patients with a possible underlying heart damage , for example , systemic sclerosis patients . ### Output Text:
However , caution is required when <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> or <span class="chemical">anthracyclines</span> such as <span class="chemical">mitoxantrone</span> are used in patients with a possible underlying heart damage , for example , systemic sclerosis patients .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In November 2002 , a meeting was held in Florence , bringing together a number of experts in various fields , including rheumatology , cardiology , neurology , pharmacology and transplantation medicine . ### Output Text:
In November 2002 , a meeting was held in Florence , bringing together a number of experts in various fields , including rheumatology , cardiology , neurology , pharmacology and transplantation medicine .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The object of the meeting was to analyse existing data , both published or available , in the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation autoimmune disease database , and to propose a safe approach to such patients . ### Output Text:
The object of the meeting was to analyse existing data , both published or available , in the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation autoimmune disease database , and to propose a safe approach to such patients .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A full cardiological assessment before and during the transplant emerged as the major recommendation . ### Output Text:
A full cardiological assessment before and during the transplant emerged as the major recommendation .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Does supplemental vitamin C increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes ? ### Output Text:
Does supplemental <span class="chemical">vitamin C</span> increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes ?
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Vitamin C acts as a potent antioxidant ; however , it can also be a prooxidant and glycate protein under certain circumstances in vitro . ### Output Text:
BACKGROUND : <span class="chemical">Vitamin C</span> acts as a potent antioxidant ; however , it can also be a prooxidant and glycate protein under certain circumstances in vitro .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These observations led us to hypothesize that a high intake of vitamin C in diabetic persons might promote atherosclerosis . ### Output Text:
These observations led us to hypothesize that a high intake of <span class="chemical">vitamin C</span> in diabetic persons might promote atherosclerosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : The objective was to examine the relation between vitamin C intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease . ### Output Text:
OBJECTIVE : The objective was to examine the relation between <span class="chemical">vitamin C</span> intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: DESIGN : We studied the relation between vitamin C intake and mortality from total cardiovascular disease ( n = 281 ) , coronary artery disease ( n = 175 ) , and stroke ( n = 57 ) in 1923 postmenopausal women who reported being diabetic at baseline . ### Output Text:
DESIGN : We studied the relation between <span class="chemical">vitamin C</span> intake and mortality from total cardiovascular disease ( n = 281 ) , coronary artery disease ( n = 175 ) , and stroke ( n = 57 ) in 1923 postmenopausal women who reported being diabetic at baseline .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Diet was assessed with a food - frequency questionnaire at baseline , and subjects initially free of coronary artery disease were prospectively followed for 15 y . ### Output Text:
Diet was assessed with a food - frequency questionnaire at baseline , and subjects initially free of coronary artery disease were prospectively followed for 15 y .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: RESULTS : After adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors , type of diabetes medication used , duration of diabetes , and intakes of folate , vitamin E , and beta - carotene , the adjusted relative risks of total cardiovascular disease mortality were 1 . 0 , 0 . 97 , 1 . 11 , 1 . 47 , and 1 . 84 ( P for trend < 0 . 01 ) across quintiles of total vitamin C intake from food and supplements . ### Output Text:
RESULTS : After adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors , type of diabetes medication used , duration of diabetes , and intakes of <span class="chemical">folate</span> , <span class="chemical">vitamin E</span> , and <span class="chemical">beta - carotene</span> , the adjusted relative risks of total cardiovascular disease mortality were 1 . 0 , 0 . 97 , 1 . 11 , 1 . 47 , and 1 . 84 ( P for trend < 0 . 01 ) across quintiles of total <span class="chemical">vitamin C</span> intake from food and supplements .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Adjusted relative risks of coronary artery disease were 1 . 0 , 0 . 81 , 0 . 99 , 1 . 26 , and 1 . 91 ( P for trend = 0 . 01 ) and of stroke were 1 . 0 , 0 . 52 , 1 . 23 , 2 . 22 , and 2 . 57 ( P for trend < 0 . 01 ) . ### Output Text:
Adjusted relative risks of coronary artery disease were 1 . 0 , 0 . 81 , 0 . 99 , 1 . 26 , and 1 . 91 ( P for trend = 0 . 01 ) and of stroke were 1 . 0 , 0 . 52 , 1 . 23 , 2 . 22 , and 2 . 57 ( P for trend < 0 . 01 ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: When dietary and supplemental vitamin C were analyzed separately , only supplemental vitamin C showed a positive association with mortality endpoints . ### Output Text:
When dietary and supplemental <span class="chemical">vitamin C</span> were analyzed separately , only supplemental <span class="chemical">vitamin C</span> showed a positive association with mortality endpoints .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Vitamin C intake was unrelated to mortality from cardiovascular disease in the nondiabetic subjects at baseline . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Vitamin C</span> intake was unrelated to mortality from cardiovascular disease in the nondiabetic subjects at baseline .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: CONCLUSION : A high vitamin C intake from supplements is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in postmenopausal women with diabetes . ### Output Text:
CONCLUSION : A high <span class="chemical">vitamin C</span> intake from supplements is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in postmenopausal women with diabetes .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Optical coherence tomography can measure axonal loss in patients with ethambutol - induced optic neuropathy . ### Output Text:
Optical coherence tomography can measure axonal loss in patients with <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> - induced optic neuropathy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: PURPOSE : To map and identify the pattern , in vivo , of axonal degeneration in ethambutol - induced optic neuropathy using optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . ### Output Text:
PURPOSE : To map and identify the pattern , in vivo , of axonal degeneration in <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> - induced optic neuropathy using optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial agent often used to treat tuberculosis . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Ethambutol</span> is an antimycobacterial agent often used to treat tuberculosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A serious complication of ethambutol is an optic neuropathy that impairs visual acuity , contrast sensitivity , and color vision . ### Output Text:
A serious complication of <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> is an optic neuropathy that impairs visual acuity , contrast sensitivity , and color vision .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: However , early on , when the toxic optic neuropathy is mild and partly reversible , the funduscopic findings are often subtle and easy to miss . ### Output Text:
However , early on , when the toxic optic neuropathy is mild and partly reversible , the funduscopic findings are often subtle and easy to miss .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: METHODS : Three subjects with a history of ethambutol ( EMB ) - induced optic neuropathy of short - , intermediate - , and long - term visual deficits were administered a full neuro - ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity , color vision , contrast sensitivity , and fundus examination . ### Output Text:
METHODS : Three subjects with a history of <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> ( <span class="chemical">EMB</span> ) - induced optic neuropathy of short - , intermediate - , and long - term visual deficits were administered a full neuro - ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity , color vision , contrast sensitivity , and fundus examination .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In addition , OCT ( OCT 3000 , Humphrey - Zeiss , Dublin , CA ) was performed on both eyes of each subject using the retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) analysis protocol . ### Output Text:
In addition , OCT ( OCT 3000 , Humphrey - Zeiss , Dublin , CA ) was performed on both eyes of each subject using the retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) analysis protocol .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: OCT interpolates data from 100 points around the optic nerve to effectively map out the RNFL . ### Output Text:
OCT interpolates data from 100 points around the optic nerve to effectively map out the RNFL .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: RESULTS : The results were compared to the calculated average RNFL of normal eyes accumulated from four prior studies using OCT , n = 661 . ### Output Text:
RESULTS : The results were compared to the calculated average RNFL of normal eyes accumulated from four prior studies using OCT , n = 661 .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In all subjects with history of EMB - induced optic neuropathy , there was a mean loss of 72 % nerve fiber layer thickness in the temporal quadrant ( patient A , with eventual recovery of visual acuity and fields , 58 % loss ; patient B , with intermediate visual deficits , 68 % loss ; patient C , with chronic visual deficits , 90 % loss ) , with an average mean optic nerve thickness of 26 + / - 16 microm . ### Output Text:
In all subjects with history of <span class="chemical">EMB</span> - induced optic neuropathy , there was a mean loss of 72 % nerve fiber layer thickness in the temporal quadrant ( patient A , with eventual recovery of visual acuity and fields , 58 % loss ; patient B , with intermediate visual deficits , 68 % loss ; patient C , with chronic visual deficits , 90 % loss ) , with an average mean optic nerve thickness of 26 + / - 16 microm .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: There was a combined mean loss of 46 % of fibers from the superior , inferior , and nasal quadrants in the ( six ) eyes of all three subjects ( mean average thickness of 55 + / - 29 microm ) . ### Output Text:
There was a combined mean loss of 46 % of fibers from the superior , inferior , and nasal quadrants in the ( six ) eyes of all three subjects ( mean average thickness of 55 + / - 29 microm ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In both sets ( four ) of eyes of the subjects with persistent visual deficits ( patients B and C ) , there was an average loss of 79 % of nerve fiber thickness in the temporal quadrant . ### Output Text:
In both sets ( four ) of eyes of the subjects with persistent visual deficits ( patients B and C ) , there was an average loss of 79 % of nerve fiber thickness in the temporal quadrant .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : The OCT results in these patients with EMB - induced optic neuropathy show considerable loss especially of the temporal fibers . ### Output Text:
CONCLUSIONS : The OCT results in these patients with <span class="chemical">EMB</span> - induced optic neuropathy show considerable loss especially of the temporal fibers .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This is consistent with prior histopathological studies that show predominant loss of parvo - cellular axons ( or small - caliber axons ) within the papillo - macular bundle in toxic or hereditary optic neuropathies . ### Output Text:
This is consistent with prior histopathological studies that show predominant loss of parvo - cellular axons ( or small - caliber axons ) within the papillo - macular bundle in toxic or hereditary optic neuropathies .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: OCT can be a valuable tool in the quantitative analysis of optic neuropathies . ### Output Text:
OCT can be a valuable tool in the quantitative analysis of optic neuropathies .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Additionally , in terms of management of EMB - induced optic neuropathy , it is important to properly manage ethambutol dosing in patients with renal impairment and to achieve proper transition to a maintenance dose once an appropriate loading dose has been reached . ### Output Text:
Additionally , in terms of management of <span class="chemical">EMB</span> - induced optic neuropathy , it is important to properly manage <span class="chemical">ethambutol</span> dosing in patients with renal impairment and to achieve proper transition to a maintenance dose once an appropriate loading dose has been reached .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Hypoxia in renal disease with proteinuria and / or glomerular hypertension . ### Output Text:
Hypoxia in renal disease with proteinuria and / or glomerular hypertension .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Despite the increasing need to identify and quantify tissue oxygenation at the cellular level , relatively few methods have been available . ### Output Text:
Despite the increasing need to identify and quantify tissue oxygenation at the cellular level , relatively few methods have been available .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In this study , we developed a new hypoxia - responsive reporter vector using a hypoxia - responsive element of the 5 ' vascular endothelial growth factor untranslated region and generated a novel hypoxia - sensing transgenic rat . ### Output Text:
In this study , we developed a new hypoxia - responsive reporter vector using a hypoxia - responsive element of the 5 ' vascular endothelial growth factor untranslated region and generated a novel hypoxia - sensing transgenic rat .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We then applied this animal model to the detection of tubulointerstitial hypoxia in the diseased kidney . ### Output Text:
We then applied this animal model to the detection of tubulointerstitial hypoxia in the diseased kidney .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: With this model , we were able to identify diffuse cortical hypoxia in the puromycin aminonucleoside - induced nephrotic syndrome and focal and segmental hypoxia in the remnant kidney model . ### Output Text:
With this model , we were able to identify diffuse cortical hypoxia in the <span class="chemical">puromycin aminonucleoside</span> - induced nephrotic syndrome and focal and segmental hypoxia in the remnant kidney model .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Expression of the hypoxia - responsive transgene increased throughout the observation period , reaching 2 . 2 - fold at 2 weeks in the puromycin aminonucleoside model and 2 . 6 - fold at 4 weeks in the remnant kidney model , whereas that of vascular endothelial growth factor showed a mild decrease , reflecting distinct behaviors of the two genes . ### Output Text:
Expression of the hypoxia - responsive transgene increased throughout the observation period , reaching 2 . 2 - fold at 2 weeks in the <span class="chemical">puromycin aminonucleoside</span> model and 2 . 6 - fold at 4 weeks in the remnant kidney model , whereas that of vascular endothelial growth factor showed a mild decrease , reflecting distinct behaviors of the two genes .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The degree of hypoxia showed a positive correlation with microscopic tubulointerstitial injury in both models . ### Output Text:
The degree of hypoxia showed a positive correlation with microscopic tubulointerstitial injury in both models .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Finally , we identified the localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen - positive , ED - 1 - positive , and terminal dUTP nick - end labeled - positive cells in the hypoxic cortical area in the remnant kidney model . ### Output Text:
Finally , we identified the localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen - positive , ED - 1 - positive , and terminal dUTP nick - end labeled - positive cells in the hypoxic cortical area in the remnant kidney model .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We propose here a possible pathological tie between chronic tubulointerstitial hypoxia and progressive glomerular diseases . ### Output Text:
We propose here a possible pathological tie between chronic tubulointerstitial hypoxia and progressive glomerular diseases .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Adequate timing of ribavirin reduction in patients with hemolysis during combination therapy of interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C . ### Output Text:
Adequate timing of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> reduction in patients with hemolysis during combination therapy of <span class="chemical">interferon</span> and <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> for chronic hepatitis C .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Hemolytic anemia is one of the major adverse events of the combination therapy of interferon and ribavirin . ### Output Text:
BACKGROUND : Hemolytic anemia is one of the major adverse events of the combination therapy of <span class="chemical">interferon</span> and <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Because of ribavirin - related hemolytic anemia , dose reduction is a common event in this therapy . ### Output Text:
Because of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> - related hemolytic anemia , dose reduction is a common event in this therapy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In this clinical retrospective cohort study we have examined the suitable timing of ribavirin reduction in patients with hemolysis during combination therapy . ### Output Text:
In this clinical retrospective cohort study we have examined the suitable timing of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> reduction in patients with hemolysis during combination therapy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: METHODS : Thirty - seven of 160 patients who had HCV - genotype 1b , had high virus load , and received 24 - week combination therapy developed anemia with hemoglobin level < 10 g / dl or anemia - related signs during therapy . ### Output Text:
METHODS : Thirty - seven of 160 patients who had HCV - genotype 1b , had high virus load , and received 24 - week combination therapy developed anemia with hemoglobin level < 10 g / dl or anemia - related signs during therapy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: After that , these 37 patients were reduced one tablet of ribavirin ( 200 mg ) per day . ### Output Text:
After that , these 37 patients were reduced one tablet of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> ( 200 mg ) per day .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: After reduction of ribavirin , 27 of 37 patients could continue combination therapy for a total of 24 weeks ( group A ) . ### Output Text:
After reduction of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> , 27 of 37 patients could continue combination therapy for a total of 24 weeks ( group A ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: However , 10 of 37 patients with reduction of ribavirin could not continue combination therapy because their < 8 . 5 g / dl hemoglobin values decreased to or anemia - related severe side effects occurred ( group B ) . ### Output Text:
However , 10 of 37 patients with reduction of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> could not continue combination therapy because their < 8 . 5 g / dl hemoglobin values decreased to or anemia - related severe side effects occurred ( group B ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We assessed the final efficacy and safety after reduction of ribavirin in groups A and B . ### Output Text:
We assessed the final efficacy and safety after reduction of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> in groups A and B .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: RESULTS : A sustained virological response ( SVR ) was 29 . 6 % ( 8 / 27 ) in group A and 10 % ( 1 / 10 ) in group B , respectively . ### Output Text:
RESULTS : A sustained virological response ( SVR ) was 29 . 6 % ( 8 / 27 ) in group A and 10 % ( 1 / 10 ) in group B , respectively .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A 34 . 4 % ( 12 / 27 ) of SVR + biological response in group A was higher than 10 % ( 1 / 10 ) in group B ( P = 0 . 051 ) , with slight significance . ### Output Text:
A 34 . 4 % ( 12 / 27 ) of SVR + biological response in group A was higher than 10 % ( 1 / 10 ) in group B ( P = 0 . 051 ) , with slight significance .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: With respect to hemoglobin level at the time of ribavirin reduction , a rate of continuation of therapy in patients with > or = 10 g / dl hemoglobin was higher than that in patients with < 10 g / dl ( P = 0 . 036 ) . ### Output Text:
With respect to hemoglobin level at the time of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> reduction , a rate of continuation of therapy in patients with > or = 10 g / dl hemoglobin was higher than that in patients with < 10 g / dl ( P = 0 . 036 ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : Reduction of ribavirin at hemoglobin level > or = 10 g / dl is suitable in terms of efficacy and side effects . ### Output Text:
CONCLUSIONS : Reduction of <span class="chemical">ribavirin</span> at hemoglobin level > or = 10 g / dl is suitable in terms of efficacy and side effects .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Aging process of epithelial cells of the rat prostate lateral lobe in experimental hyperprolactinemia induced by haloperidol . ### Output Text:
Aging process of epithelial cells of the rat prostate lateral lobe in experimental hyperprolactinemia induced by <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The aim of the study was to examine the influence of hyperprolactinemia , induced by haloperidol ( HAL ) on age related morphology and function changes of epithelial cells in rat prostate lateral lobe . ### Output Text:
The aim of the study was to examine the influence of hyperprolactinemia , induced by <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> ( <span class="chemical">HAL</span> ) on age related morphology and function changes of epithelial cells in rat prostate lateral lobe .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The study was performed on sexually mature male rats . ### Output Text:
The study was performed on sexually mature male rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Serum concentrations of prolactin ( PRL ) and testosterone ( T ) were measured . ### Output Text:
Serum concentrations of prolactin ( <span class="chemical">PRL</span> ) and <span class="chemical">testosterone</span> ( <span class="chemical">T</span> ) were measured .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Tissue sections were evaluated with light and electron microscopy . ### Output Text:
Tissue sections were evaluated with light and electron microscopy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Immunohistochemical reactions for Anti - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ( PCNA ) were performed . ### Output Text:
Immunohistochemical reactions for Anti - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ( PCNA ) were performed .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In rats of the experimental group , the mean concentration of : PRL was more than twice higher , whereas T concentration was almost twice lower than that in the control group . ### Output Text:
In rats of the experimental group , the mean concentration of : <span class="chemical">PRL</span> was more than twice higher , whereas <span class="chemical">T</span> concentration was almost twice lower than that in the control group .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Light microscopy visualized the following : hypertrophy and epithelium hyperplasia of the glandular ducts , associated with increased PCNA expression . ### Output Text:
Light microscopy visualized the following : hypertrophy and epithelium hyperplasia of the glandular ducts , associated with increased PCNA expression .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Electron microscopy revealed changes in columnar epithelial cells , concerning organelles , engaged in protein synthesis and secretion . ### Output Text:
Electron microscopy revealed changes in columnar epithelial cells , concerning organelles , engaged in protein synthesis and secretion .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Relation of perfusion defects observed with myocardial contrast echocardiography to the severity of coronary stenosis : correlation with thallium - 201 single - photon emission tomography . ### Output Text:
Relation of perfusion defects observed with myocardial contrast echocardiography to the severity of coronary stenosis : correlation with <span class="chemical">thallium</span> - 201 single - photon emission tomography .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: It has been previously shown that myocardial contrast echocardiography is a valuable technique for delineating regions of myocardial underperfusion secondary to coronary occlusion and to critical coronary stenoses in the presence of hyperemic stimulation . ### Output Text:
It has been previously shown that myocardial contrast echocardiography is a valuable technique for delineating regions of myocardial underperfusion secondary to coronary occlusion and to critical coronary stenoses in the presence of hyperemic stimulation .