zakerytclarke/mini_squad · Datasets at Hugging Face

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[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972.	What destroyed the Arabian oryx only advantage of speed.	automobiles and high-powered rifles
[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972.	When did the Arabian oryx become extinct?	1972
However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from “extinct in the wild” to “vulnerable” due to conservation efforts like captive breeding	What contributed to the Arabian oryx rise from extinct to vulnerable?	conservation efforts
The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds.	What type of creature is the American bison?	a large bovid
The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds.	What did the American bison inhabit much of prior to the 1800s?	western North America
However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.	What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do?	rot
Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s.	What was the population of bison herds around prior to being eliminated by thousands of market hunters?	several million
Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.	What is the current status of bison?	near-threatened
However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.	What did large herds of bison attract?	market hunters
The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds.	What part of North America did the bison live?	western
However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.	Why were the bison killed?	for their hides
However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.	What did hunter do with the rest of the bison?	leaving the rest to rot
Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.	What do bison still remain?	near-threatened
In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline.	Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?	a precipitous wildlife decline
The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.	What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?	antelope
The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.	What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?	hippopotamus
According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame.	What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?	poaching, drought and habitat loss
Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves.	What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?	Uganda
In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline.	What Botswana was resently forced to do?	ban trophy hunting
The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.	What animal declined across Botswana?	antelope
The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.	What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?	hippopotamus
The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.	What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?	elephant
According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame.	What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda?	poaching
Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal.	What country is Kathmandu the capital of?	Nepal
It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City).	What does Upa-Mahanagar mean in English?	Sub-Metropolitan City
Kathmandu is also known informally as "KTM" or the "tri-city".	Along with "KTM," what is another nickname of Kathmandu?	tri-city
According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.	How many people lived in Kathmandu in 2011?	975,453
According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.	How many square kilometers in size is Kathmandu?	49.45
The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley.	About how long has Kathmandu existed?	2000
The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley.	What suggests that Kathmandu is as old as it is?	inscriptions
Most of Kathmandu's people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism.	What is Kathmandu's majority religion?	Hinduism
Nepali is the most commonly spoken language in the city.	What do most Kathmandu residents speak?	Nepali
English is understood by Kathmandu's educated residents.	What secondary language do educated people in Kathmandu speak?	English
In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter".	What does काष्ठ mean in English?	wood
In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter".	What is the English translation of Mandap?	covered shelter
This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla.	What do Newar speakers call Kasthamandap temple?	Maru Satal
This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla.	Who was responsible for the construction of Kasthamandap temple?	King Laxmi Narsingh Malla
The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015.	On what date was Maru Satal destroyed?	25 April 2015
The colophons of ancient manuscripts, dated as late as the 20th century, refer to Kathmandu as Kasthamandap Mahanagar in Nepal Mandala.	What is the ancient name of Kathmandu?	Kasthamandap Mahanagar
During medieval times, the city was sometimes called Kantipur (कान्तिपुर).	How does कान्तिपुर transliterate into English?	Kantipur
"Kanti" is one of the names of the Goddess Lakshmi, and "pur" means place.	Who is also called Kanti?	Lakshmi
"Kanti" is one of the names of the Goddess Lakshmi, and "pur" means place.	How do you say place in Sanskrit?	pur
Mahanagar means "great city".	What is the English translation of Mahanagar?	great city
According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names "Nagdaha" as it was full of snakes.	According to legend, what body of water once existed on the site of Kathmandu?	lake
According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names "Nagdaha" as it was full of snakes.	What animals notably resided in Nagdaha?	snakes
The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjusri with his sword and the water was evacuated out from there and he established a city called Manjupattan and made Dharmakar the ruler of the valley land.	Who was the founder of Manjupattan?	Bodhisatwa Manjusri
After sometimes, a demon named Banasur closed the outlet and the valley was again a lake.	What type of creature was Banasur?	demon
Then lots Krishna came to Nepal, killed Banasur and again drained out water.	Who was Banasur's murderer?	Krishna
The Kirata dynasty was established by Yalamber.	Who was the founder of the Kirata dynasty?	Yalamber
During the Kirata era, a settlement called Yambu existed in the northern half of old Kathmandu.	What geographical part of Kathmandu did Yambu once occupy?	northern
In some of the Sino-Tibetan languages, Kathmandu is still called Yambu.	Speakers of what languages sometimes call Kathmandu Yambu?	Sino-Tibetan
Another smaller settlement called Yengal was present in the southern half of old Kathmandu, near Manjupattan.	Where in Kathmandu was Yengal located?	southern half
During the reign of the seventh Kirata ruler, Jitedasti, Buddhist monks entered Kathmandu valley and established a forest monastery at Sankhu.	What religion did the Sankhu monastery belong to?	Buddhist
The Licchavis from the Indo-Gangetic plain migrated north and defeated the Kiratas, establishing the Licchavi dynasty.	Who won the war between the Licchavis and the Kiratas?	Licchavis
During this era, following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka, the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery in Sankhu masquerading as Koliyas.	Who did the migrating Shakyas pretend to be?	Koliyas
This created the basis of Newar Buddhism, which is the only surviving Sanskrit-based Buddhist tradition in the world.	What sect of Buddhism is the only remaining one based in Sanskrit?	Newar
During this era, following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka, the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery in Sankhu masquerading as Koliyas.	Who killed the Shakyas?	Virudhaka
With their migration, Yambu was called Koligram and Yengal was called Dakshin Koligram during most of the Licchavi era.	Under the Licchavi dynasty, what name was typically used to refer to Yengal?	Dakshin Koligram
Eventually, the Licchavi ruler Gunakamadeva merged Koligram and Dakshin Koligram, founding the city of Kathmandu.	Kathmandu resulted from the merger of what two settlements?	Dakshin Koligram
Eventually, the Licchavi ruler Gunakamadeva merged Koligram and Dakshin Koligram, founding the city of Kathmandu.	Who is Kathmandu's historical founder?	Gunakamadeva
The city was designed in the shape of Chandrahrasa, the sword of Manjushri.	Who did Chandrahrasa belong to?	Manjushri
The city was surrounded by eight barracks guarded by Ajimas.	How many barracks guarded ancient Kathmandu?	eight
The city served as an important transit point in the trade between India and Tibet, leading to tremendous growth in architecture.	Trade between what two countries typically went through ancient Kathmandu?	India and Tibet
The Licchavi era was followed by the Malla era.	Who ruled Nepal after the Licchavi?	Malla
The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims.	Along with Khas, who attacked Nepal in the early Malla period?	Turk Muslims
There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla.	What fraction of Kathmandu's population died in an ancient earthquake?	third
These disasters led to the destruction of most of the architecture of the Licchavi era (such as Mangriha and Kailashkut Bhawan), and the loss of literature collected in various monasteries within the city.	Along with the Mangriha, what Licchavi-era building was destroyed in an ancient earthquake?	Kailashkut Bhawan
There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla.	What notable Nepali figure died in a Kathmandu earthquake?	Abhaya Malla
During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur.	How many cities were present in the Kathmandu Valley in the late Malla period?	four
During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur.	In the waning years of the Malla dynasty, what fortified cities existed in the Kathmandu Valley?	Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur
Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla.	What cultures influenced Nepal in the later Malla era?	India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe
Haramekhala), religion (e.	What is an example of a book of medicine from the Malla period?	Haramekhala
Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found.	When does Amarkosh date to?	1381
The Gorkha Kingdom ended the Malla confederation after the Battle of Kathmandu in 1768.	Who won the Battle of Kathmandu?	Gorkha Kingdom
The Battle of Kirtipur was the start of the Gorkha conquest of the Kathmandu Valley.	What battle inaugurated the conquering of the Kathmandu Valley by the Gorkha?	Kirtipur
Buildings with characteristic Nepali architecture, such as the nine-story tower of Basantapur, were built during this era.	How many stories high was the Basantapur tower?	nine
Bhimsen Thapa supported France against Great Britain;	What European country did Bhimsen Thapa oppose?	Great Britain
The nine-storey tower Dharahara was originally built during this era.	How many stories made up the Dharahara tower?	nine
Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.	What river is south of Kathmandu?	Bagmati
Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.	What geographic portion of the Kathmandu Valley houses Kathmandu?	northwestern
The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level.	About how many feet above sea level is Kathmandu?	4,600
67 km2 (19.56 sq mi).	How large is Kathmandu in terms of square miles?	19.56
The city is directly bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (Patan) with which it today forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur Municipality and to the east by Madyapur Thimi Municipality.	Where does the Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City stand in relation to the Bagmati River?	south
Kathmandu is dissected by eight rivers, the main river of the valley, the Bagmati and its tributaries, of which the Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumant Khola, and Tukucha Khola are predominant.	How many rivers travel through Kathmandu?	eight
An ancient canal once flowed from Nagarjuna hill through Balaju to Kathmandu;	Where did the canal that once terminated in Kathmandu originate?	Nagarjuna hill
The mountains from where these rivers originate are in the elevation range of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft), and have passes which provide access to and from Kathmandu and its valley.	How many feet high are the mountains from which the Bagmati flows?	4,900–9,800
The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (collections of local government units within a zone) which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small population.	How many districts make up the Kathmandu Valley urban area?	three
Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu).	What are Madhyapur Thimi, Kirtipur and Bhaktapur?	municipalities
Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu).	How many sub-metropolitan cities are present in the districts that make up the Kathmandu valley?	1
Some district subdivisions remain legally villages yet are densely populated, Gonggabu VDC notably recorded a density over 20,000 people/km2.	About how many people live in a square kilometer in Gonggabu VDC?	20,000
Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu).	What is another term for VDCs?	villages
1 °C (50.2 °F).	What is the Kathmandu Valley's average temperature in winter, in degrees Fahrenheit?	50.2
Under Köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate.	Along with a subtropical highland climate, what climate classification covers Kathmandu?	humid subtropical climate
Under Köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate.	What is the Köppen abbreviation for a humid subtropical climate?	Cwa
This zone is followed by the Cool Temperate Zone with elevation varying between 2,100–3,300 metres (6,900–10,800 ft).	How many meters up is the Cool Temperate Zone?	2,100–3,300
Five major climatic regions are found in Nepal.	How many significant climate regions exist in Nepal?	Five
The city generally has a climate with warm days followed by cool nights and mornings.	What sort of temperature is typical on a Kathmandu morning?	cool
Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (about 65% of the total concentrated during the monsoon months of June to August), and decreases substantially (100 to 200 cm (39 to 79 in)) from eastern Nepal to western Nepal.	About what percentage of Kathmandu's annual rainfall falls during the monsoon months?	65
During a 2013 cold front, the winter temperatures of Kathmandu dropped to −4 °C (25 °F), and the lowest temperature was recorded on January 10, 2013, at −9.	On what date in 2013 was it 15.4 degrees Fahrenheit in Kathmandu?	January 10
Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (about 65% of the total concentrated during the monsoon months of June to August), and decreases substantially (100 to 200 cm (39 to 79 in)) from eastern Nepal to western Nepal.	In what months does the monsoon occur in Nepal?	June to August

[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972.

What destroyed the Arabian oryx only advantage of speed.

automobiles and high-powered rifles

[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972.

When did the Arabian oryx become extinct?

1972

However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from “extinct in the wild” to “vulnerable” due to conservation efforts like captive breeding

What contributed to the Arabian oryx rise from extinct to vulnerable?

conservation efforts

The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds.

What type of creature is the American bison?

a large bovid

The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds.

What did the American bison inhabit much of prior to the 1800s?

western North America

However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.

What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do?

rot

Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s.

What was the population of bison herds around prior to being eliminated by thousands of market hunters?

several million

Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.

What is the current status of bison?

near-threatened

However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.

What did large herds of bison attract?

market hunters

The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds.

What part of North America did the bison live?

western

However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.

Why were the bison killed?

for their hides

However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.

What did hunter do with the rest of the bison?

leaving the rest to rot

Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.

What do bison still remain?

near-threatened

In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline.

Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?

a precipitous wildlife decline

The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.

What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?

antelope

The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.

What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?

hippopotamus

According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame.

What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?

poaching, drought and habitat loss

Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves.

What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?

Uganda

In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline.

What Botswana was resently forced to do?

ban trophy hunting

The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.

What animal declined across Botswana?

antelope

The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.

What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?

hippopotamus

The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.

What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?

elephant

According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame.

What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda?

poaching

Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal.

What country is Kathmandu the capital of?

Nepal

It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City).

What does Upa-Mahanagar mean in English?

Sub-Metropolitan City

Kathmandu is also known informally as "KTM" or the "tri-city".

Along with "KTM," what is another nickname of Kathmandu?

tri-city

According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.

How many people lived in Kathmandu in 2011?

975,453

According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.

How many square kilometers in size is Kathmandu?

49.45

The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley.

About how long has Kathmandu existed?

2000

The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley.

What suggests that Kathmandu is as old as it is?

inscriptions

Most of Kathmandu's people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism.

What is Kathmandu's majority religion?

Hinduism

Nepali is the most commonly spoken language in the city.

What do most Kathmandu residents speak?

Nepali

English is understood by Kathmandu's educated residents.

What secondary language do educated people in Kathmandu speak?

English

In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter".

What does काष्ठ mean in English?

wood

In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter".

What is the English translation of Mandap?

covered shelter

This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla.

What do Newar speakers call Kasthamandap temple?

Maru Satal

This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla.

Who was responsible for the construction of Kasthamandap temple?

King Laxmi Narsingh Malla

The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015.

On what date was Maru Satal destroyed?

25 April 2015

The colophons of ancient manuscripts, dated as late as the 20th century, refer to Kathmandu as Kasthamandap Mahanagar in Nepal Mandala.

What is the ancient name of Kathmandu?

Kasthamandap Mahanagar

During medieval times, the city was sometimes called Kantipur (कान्तिपुर).

How does कान्तिपुर transliterate into English?

Kantipur

"Kanti" is one of the names of the Goddess Lakshmi, and "pur" means place.

Who is also called Kanti?

Lakshmi

"Kanti" is one of the names of the Goddess Lakshmi, and "pur" means place.

How do you say place in Sanskrit?

pur

Mahanagar means "great city".

What is the English translation of Mahanagar?

great city

According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names "Nagdaha" as it was full of snakes.

According to legend, what body of water once existed on the site of Kathmandu?

lake

According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names "Nagdaha" as it was full of snakes.

What animals notably resided in Nagdaha?

snakes

The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjusri with his sword and the water was evacuated out from there and he established a city called Manjupattan and made Dharmakar the ruler of the valley land.

Who was the founder of Manjupattan?

Bodhisatwa Manjusri

After sometimes, a demon named Banasur closed the outlet and the valley was again a lake.

What type of creature was Banasur?

demon

Then lots Krishna came to Nepal, killed Banasur and again drained out water.

Who was Banasur's murderer?

Krishna

The Kirata dynasty was established by Yalamber.

Who was the founder of the Kirata dynasty?

Yalamber

During the Kirata era, a settlement called Yambu existed in the northern half of old Kathmandu.

What geographical part of Kathmandu did Yambu once occupy?

northern

In some of the Sino-Tibetan languages, Kathmandu is still called Yambu.

Speakers of what languages sometimes call Kathmandu Yambu?

Sino-Tibetan

Another smaller settlement called Yengal was present in the southern half of old Kathmandu, near Manjupattan.

Where in Kathmandu was Yengal located?

southern half

During the reign of the seventh Kirata ruler, Jitedasti, Buddhist monks entered Kathmandu valley and established a forest monastery at Sankhu.

What religion did the Sankhu monastery belong to?

Buddhist

The Licchavis from the Indo-Gangetic plain migrated north and defeated the Kiratas, establishing the Licchavi dynasty.

Who won the war between the Licchavis and the Kiratas?

Licchavis

During this era, following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka, the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery in Sankhu masquerading as Koliyas.

Who did the migrating Shakyas pretend to be?

Koliyas

This created the basis of Newar Buddhism, which is the only surviving Sanskrit-based Buddhist tradition in the world.

What sect of Buddhism is the only remaining one based in Sanskrit?

Newar

During this era, following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka, the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery in Sankhu masquerading as Koliyas.

Who killed the Shakyas?

Virudhaka

With their migration, Yambu was called Koligram and Yengal was called Dakshin Koligram during most of the Licchavi era.

Under the Licchavi dynasty, what name was typically used to refer to Yengal?

Dakshin Koligram

Eventually, the Licchavi ruler Gunakamadeva merged Koligram and Dakshin Koligram, founding the city of Kathmandu.

Kathmandu resulted from the merger of what two settlements?

Dakshin Koligram

Eventually, the Licchavi ruler Gunakamadeva merged Koligram and Dakshin Koligram, founding the city of Kathmandu.

Who is Kathmandu's historical founder?

Gunakamadeva

The city was designed in the shape of Chandrahrasa, the sword of Manjushri.

Who did Chandrahrasa belong to?

Manjushri

The city was surrounded by eight barracks guarded by Ajimas.

How many barracks guarded ancient Kathmandu?

eight

The city served as an important transit point in the trade between India and Tibet, leading to tremendous growth in architecture.

Trade between what two countries typically went through ancient Kathmandu?

India and Tibet

The Licchavi era was followed by the Malla era.

Who ruled Nepal after the Licchavi?

Malla

The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims.

Along with Khas, who attacked Nepal in the early Malla period?

Turk Muslims

There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla.

What fraction of Kathmandu's population died in an ancient earthquake?

third

These disasters led to the destruction of most of the architecture of the Licchavi era (such as Mangriha and Kailashkut Bhawan), and the loss of literature collected in various monasteries within the city.

Along with the Mangriha, what Licchavi-era building was destroyed in an ancient earthquake?

Kailashkut Bhawan

There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla.

What notable Nepali figure died in a Kathmandu earthquake?

Abhaya Malla

During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur.

How many cities were present in the Kathmandu Valley in the late Malla period?

four

During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur.

In the waning years of the Malla dynasty, what fortified cities existed in the Kathmandu Valley?

Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur

Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla.

What cultures influenced Nepal in the later Malla era?

India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe

Haramekhala), religion (e.

What is an example of a book of medicine from the Malla period?

Haramekhala

Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found.

When does Amarkosh date to?

1381

The Gorkha Kingdom ended the Malla confederation after the Battle of Kathmandu in 1768.

Who won the Battle of Kathmandu?

Gorkha Kingdom

The Battle of Kirtipur was the start of the Gorkha conquest of the Kathmandu Valley.

What battle inaugurated the conquering of the Kathmandu Valley by the Gorkha?

Kirtipur

Buildings with characteristic Nepali architecture, such as the nine-story tower of Basantapur, were built during this era.

How many stories high was the Basantapur tower?

nine

Bhimsen Thapa supported France against Great Britain;

What European country did Bhimsen Thapa oppose?

Great Britain

The nine-storey tower Dharahara was originally built during this era.

How many stories made up the Dharahara tower?

nine

Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.

What river is south of Kathmandu?

Bagmati

Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.

What geographic portion of the Kathmandu Valley houses Kathmandu?

northwestern

The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level.

About how many feet above sea level is Kathmandu?

4,600

67 km2 (19.56 sq mi).

How large is Kathmandu in terms of square miles?

19.56

The city is directly bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (Patan) with which it today forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur Municipality and to the east by Madyapur Thimi Municipality.

Where does the Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City stand in relation to the Bagmati River?

south

Kathmandu is dissected by eight rivers, the main river of the valley, the Bagmati and its tributaries, of which the Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumant Khola, and Tukucha Khola are predominant.

How many rivers travel through Kathmandu?

eight

An ancient canal once flowed from Nagarjuna hill through Balaju to Kathmandu;

Where did the canal that once terminated in Kathmandu originate?

Nagarjuna hill

The mountains from where these rivers originate are in the elevation range of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft), and have passes which provide access to and from Kathmandu and its valley.

How many feet high are the mountains from which the Bagmati flows?

4,900–9,800

The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (collections of local government units within a zone) which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small population.

How many districts make up the Kathmandu Valley urban area?

three

Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu).

What are Madhyapur Thimi, Kirtipur and Bhaktapur?

municipalities

Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu).

How many sub-metropolitan cities are present in the districts that make up the Kathmandu valley?

1

Some district subdivisions remain legally villages yet are densely populated, Gonggabu VDC notably recorded a density over 20,000 people/km2.

About how many people live in a square kilometer in Gonggabu VDC?

20,000

Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu).

What is another term for VDCs?

villages

1 °C (50.2 °F).

What is the Kathmandu Valley's average temperature in winter, in degrees Fahrenheit?

50.2

Under Köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate.

Along with a subtropical highland climate, what climate classification covers Kathmandu?

humid subtropical climate

Under Köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate.

What is the Köppen abbreviation for a humid subtropical climate?

Cwa

This zone is followed by the Cool Temperate Zone with elevation varying between 2,100–3,300 metres (6,900–10,800 ft).

How many meters up is the Cool Temperate Zone?

2,100–3,300

Five major climatic regions are found in Nepal.

How many significant climate regions exist in Nepal?

Five

The city generally has a climate with warm days followed by cool nights and mornings.

What sort of temperature is typical on a Kathmandu morning?

cool

Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (about 65% of the total concentrated during the monsoon months of June to August), and decreases substantially (100 to 200 cm (39 to 79 in)) from eastern Nepal to western Nepal.

About what percentage of Kathmandu's annual rainfall falls during the monsoon months?

65

During a 2013 cold front, the winter temperatures of Kathmandu dropped to −4 °C (25 °F), and the lowest temperature was recorded on January 10, 2013, at −9.

On what date in 2013 was it 15.4 degrees Fahrenheit in Kathmandu?

January 10

Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (about 65% of the total concentrated during the monsoon months of June to August), and decreases substantially (100 to 200 cm (39 to 79 in)) from eastern Nepal to western Nepal.

In what months does the monsoon occur in Nepal?

June to August