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{ "aliases": [ "Brothers in arm", "Brothers in Arms (album)", "Brothers in Arms (disambiguation)", "Brothers in Arms (film)", "Brothers-in-Arms", "Brothers-in-arms", "Brother in Arms", "Brothers in Arms (novel)", "Brothers in Arms", "Brothers In Arms", "Brothers in arms" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "brothers in arms", "brothers in arms disambiguation", "brother in arms", "brothers in arm", "brothers in arms album", "brothers in arms film", "brothers in arms novel" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "brothers in arms", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Brothers in Arms" }

[ { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "Dire Straits' biggest selling album,1985's Brothers in Arms has sold over 30 million copies, and was the first album to sell a million copies on the then new CD format. They also became one of the world's most commercially successful bands, with worldwide records sales of over 100 million. Dire Straits won four Grammy Awards, three Brit Awards—winning Best British Group twice, two MTV Video Music Awards, and various other music awards.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8394556.stm \"Dire Straits given plaque honour\"]. BBC News, 4 December 2009. Retrieved: 14 January 2015. The band's songs include \"Money for Nothing\", \"Sultans of Swing\", \"So Far Away\", \"Walk of Life\", \"Brothers in Arms\", \"Private Investigations\", \"Romeo and Juliet\", \"Tunnel of Love\", and \"Telegraph Road\".", "precise_score": 9.571208000183105, "rough_score": 9.07557201385498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "Released in May 1985, Brothers in Arms entered the UK Albums Chart at number 1 and spent a total of 228 weeks in the charts. It went on to become the best-selling album of 1985 in the UK. Brothers in Arms was similarly successful in the US, peaking at No. 1 on Billboard 200 for nine weeks, going multi-platinum, selling nine million copies. The album spent thirty-four weeks at number 1 on the Australian ARIA Chart, making it the longest-running number one album in Australia. The album featured a more lavish production and overall sound than Dire Straits' earlier work, and spawned several big chart singles:", "precise_score": 4.296976566314697, "rough_score": 4.172511100769043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "In 1986 Brothers in Arms won two Grammy Awards, and also won Best British Album at the 1987 Brit Awards. Q magazine placed the album at number 51 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever in 2000. The album also ranked number 351 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" in 2003. Brothers in Arms is also ranked number 3 in the best albums of 1985 and number 31 in the best albums of the 1980s, and as of April 2012, the album was ranked the seventh best-selling album in UK chart history, and is the 107th best-selling album in the United States. In August 1986, MTV Europe was launched with Dire Straits' \"Money for Nothing\". ", "precise_score": 1.5067142248153687, "rough_score": 3.3252696990966797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "Dire Straits released their final studio album, On Every Street, in September 1991, which, although a highly anticipated release, met with more moderate success and mixed reviews, as well as a significantly reduced audience, despite Dire Straits' previous international success. Some reviewers including the All Music Guide dubbed On Every Street as an \"underwhelming\" follow-up to Brothers in Arms. However, it still managed to sell 8 million copies, reaching number one in the United Kingdom and number 12 in the United States.", "precise_score": 3.6231613159179688, "rough_score": 2.5976510047912598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "1985–86: The Brothers in Arms era and international success", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.468900680541992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "Dire Straits returned to the recording studios at the end of 1984, and began recording tracks at Air Studios Montserrat for their upcoming fifth studio album, Brothers in Arms, produced by Knopfler with Neil Dorfsman. The sessions saw further personnel changes. The band added a second keyboardist, Guy Fletcher, who had previously worked as a session musician with Roxy Music and on the Cal soundtrack. Guitarist Hal Lindes left the band during the recording sessions and was replaced by New York guitarist Jack Sonni.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7490233778953552, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "\"Money for Nothing\", which reached number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and number 4 in the UK Singles Chart, \"So Far Away\" (#20 UK, No. 19 US), \"Brothers in Arms\" (#16 UK), \"Walk of Life\" (#2 UK, No. 7 US), and \"Your Latest Trick\" (#26 UK).[http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-d/direstraits_main.htm Rock on the Net: Dire Straits/Mark Knopfler] Retrieved: 29–12–10. \"Money for Nothing\" was the first video to be played on MTV in Britain and featured guest vocals by Sting, who is credited with co-writing the song with Mark Knopfler, although in fact, it was just the inclusion of the melody line from \"Don't Stand So Close To Me\" that triggered the copyright credit, no actual lyrics were written by Sting. It also won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 28th Grammy Awards in February 1986. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5770788192749023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "Brothers in Arms was among the first albums recorded on digital equipment due to Knopfler pushing for improved sound quality. The album's title track is reported to be the world's first CD single. It was issued in the UK as a promotional item distinguished with a logo for the tour, Live in '85, while a second to commemorate the Australian leg of the tour marked Live in '86. Containing just four tracks, it had a very limited run. \"Walk of Life\" meanwhile was nearly excluded from the album when co-producer Neil Dorfsman voted against its inclusion, but the band members out-voted him. The result was Dire Straits' most commercially successful hit single in the UK, peaking at number two. \"Money for Nothing\", \"Walk of Life\", and \"Brothers in Arms\" immediately became live concert favourites.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.003869611769914627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "The album is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the first compact disc to sell a million copies, and has been credited with helping to popularise the CD format. The Brothers in Arms CD featured the full version of the \"Money for Nothing\" cut, rather than the version that appears on the LP. In fact, the CD includes extended versions of all tracks featured on the first side of the original LP, with the exception of \"Walk of Life\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4541947841644287, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "Additionally in 1985, a group set out from London to Khartoum to raise money for famine relief led by John Abbey, was called The Walk of Life. Dire Straits donated the Brothers in Arms Gold disc to the participants in recognition of what they were doing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.766517162322998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "After the Brothers in Arms tour ended Mark Knopfler took a break from Dire Straits and during 1987 he concentrated on solo projects and film soundtracks. Dire Straits regrouped in 1988 for the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute concert staged on 11 June 1988 at Wembley Stadium, in which they were the headline act. They were joined for their set by Eric Clapton[http://www.mark-knopfler-news.co.uk/biogs/mark.html Mark Knopfler – Authorized Biography]. mark-knopfler-news.co.uk who performed his hit \"Wonderful Tonight\" with the group and played rhythm guitar on the other songs performed by the band, while guitarist Jack Sonni was absent. Soon afterwards, Williams left the band.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.332784652709961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "Mark Knopfler announced the official dissolution of Dire Straits in September 1988. He told Rob Tannenbaum in Rolling Stone: \"A lot of press reports were saying we were the biggest band in the world. There's not an accent then on the music, there's an accent on popularity. I needed a rest.\" The tremendous success of the Brothers in Arms album and the tour that went with it left the band members under a significant amount of stress, and Knopfler announced that he wanted to work on more personal projects. A greatest hits album, Money for Nothing, was released in October 1988 and reached the number one position in the United Kingdom. Also in 1988, John Illsley released his second solo album, Glass which featured Mark Knopfler, Alan Clark, Guy Fletcher and Chris White.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.194662094116211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "Brothers in Arms was certified nine times platinum in the US in August 1996. During that year, the entire Dire Straits catalogue was remastered by Bob Ludwig and re-released on CD on Mercury Records, in most of the world outside the United States. The remasters were released in September 2000 in the United States, on Warner Bros.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4902286529541016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "The most recent compilation, The Best of Dire Straits & Mark Knopfler: Private Investigations, was released in November 2005 and reached the UK Top 20. Featuring material from the majority of Dire Straits' studio albums as well as Mark Knopfler's solo and soundtrack material, it was released in two editions, a single CD with grey cover and a double CD in blue cover. The only previously unreleased track on the album, \"All the Roadrunning\", is a duet with singer Emmylou Harris. The album was well received. Also in 2005 Brothers in Arms was re-released in a limited 20th anniversary edition, which was a success, winning a Grammy Award for Best Surround Sound Album at the 48th Grammy Awards ceremony. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6322518587112427, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "* Brothers in Arms (1985)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.612293243408203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "* Grammy Awards 1986 – Brothers in Arms Best Engineered Recording, Non-Classical", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.699453353881836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "* Grammy Awards 1987 – Best Music Video, Short Form \"Dire Straits Brothers in Arms\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3395256996154785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "* BRIT Awards 1987 – Best British Album (for Brothers in Arms)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.466978073120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "* Grammy Awards 2006 – Best Surround Sound Album for his surround sound production (for Brothers in Arms—20th Anniversary Edition, Chuck Ainlay, surround mix engineer; Bob Ludwig, surround mastering engineer; Chuck Ainlay and Mark Knopfler, surround producers)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.87971305847168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" }, { "answer": "Brothers in Arms", "passage": "* Grammy Awards 1986 – Album of the Year (for Brothers in Arms)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.503886222839355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dire Straits" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-nine", "1979" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "1979", "one thousand nine hundred and seventy nine" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "1979", "type": "Numerical", "value": "1979" }

[ { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi ( Mohammad Rezâ Šâhe Pahlavi; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. He took the title Shāhanshāh (\"Emperor\" or \"King of Kings\") on 26 October 1967. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi of the Iranian monarchy. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi held several other titles, including that of Āryāmehr (Light of the Aryans) and Bozorg Arteshtārān (Head of the Warriors). ", "precise_score": 1.6123113632202148, "rough_score": 1.511706829071045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Several other factors contributed to strong opposition to the Shah among certain groups within Iran, the most significant of which were US and UK support for his regime, clashes with Islamists and increased communist activity. By 1979, political unrest had transformed into a revolution which, on 17 January, forced him to leave Iran. Soon thereafter, the Iranian monarchy was formally abolished, and Iran was declared an Islamic republic led by Ruhollah Khomeini. Facing likely execution should he return to Iran, he died in exile in Egypt, whose President, Anwar Sadat, had granted him asylum. Due to his status as the last de facto Shah of Iran, he is often known as simply \"the Shah\". His eldest son, Reza Pahlavi, currently heads National Council of Iran, a government in exile of Iran.", "precise_score": -3.4092025756835938, "rough_score": -3.4467246532440186, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "In 1978 the deepening opposition to the Shah erupted in widespread demonstrations and rioting. Recognising that even this level of violence had failed to crush the rebellion, the Shah abdicated the Peacock Throne and fled Iran on 16 January 1979. Despite decades of pervasive surveillance by SAVAK, working closely with CIA, the extent of public opposition to the Shah, and his sudden departure, came as a considerable surprise to the US intelligence community and national leadership. As late as 28 September 1978 the US Defense Intelligence Agency reported that the Shah \"is expected to remain actively in power over the next ten years.\" ", "precise_score": -4.0541090965271, "rough_score": -4.202601909637451, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "During his second exile, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi traveled from country to country seeking what he hoped would be temporary residence. First he flew to Aswan, Egypt, where he received a warm and gracious welcome from President Anwar El-Sadat. He later lived in Marrakesh, Morocco as a guest of King Hassan II, as well as in Paradise Island, in the Bahamas, and in Cuernavaca, Mexico, near Mexico City, as a guest of José López Portillo. Richard Nixon, the former president, visited the Shah in summer 1979 in Mexico. The Shah suffered from gallstones that would require prompt surgery. He was offered treatment in Switzerland, but insisted on treatment in the United States.", "precise_score": -2.373412847518921, "rough_score": -1.755866289138794, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "On 22 October 1979, President Jimmy Carter reluctantly allowed the Shah into the United States to undergo surgical treatment at the New York–Weill Cornell Medical Hospital. While in Cornell Medical Center, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi used the name \"David D. Newsom\", Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs that time, as his temporary code name, without Newsom's knowledge.", "precise_score": -0.566498875617981, "rough_score": -0.38496777415275574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "He left the United States on 15 December 1979 and lived for a short time in the Isla Contadora in Panama. This caused riots by Panamanians who objected to the Shah being in their country. The new government in Iran still demanded his and his wife's immediate extradition to Tehran. A short time after Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's arrival in Panama, an Iranian ambassador was dispatched to the Central American nation carrying a 450-page extradition request. That official appeal alarmed both the Shah and his advisors. Whether the Panamanian government would have complied is a matter of speculation among historians.", "precise_score": -2.3479442596435547, "rough_score": -0.559726357460022, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi inherited the wealth built by his father Reza Shah who preceded him as king of Iran and became known as the richest person in Iran during his reign, with his wealth estimated to be higher than 600 million rials and including vast amounts of land and numerous large estates especially in the province of Mazandaran obtained usually at a fraction of its real price. Reza Shah, facing criticism for his wealth, decided to pass on all of his land and wealth to his eldest son Mohammad Reza in exchange for a sugar cube, known in Iran as habbe kardan. However shortly after obtaining the wealth Mohammad Reza was ordered by his father and then king to transfer a million tooman or 500,000 dollars to each of his siblings. By 1958 it was estimated that the companies possessed by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had a value of $157 million (in 1958 USD) with an estimated additional 100 million saved outside Iran. The rumours and constant talk of his, and his family's corruption greatly damaged his reputation and led to the creation of the Pahlavi Foundation in the same year and the return to the people of some 2,000 villages inherited by his father, often at very low and discount prices. It can be argued, however, that this was too little too late, as the royal family's wealth and corruption can be seen as one of the factors behind the Iranian revolution in 1979. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's wealth was even considerable during his time in exile. While staying in the Bahamas he offered to purchase the island that he was staying on for $425 million (in 1979 USD), however his offer was rejected by the Bahamas claiming that the island was worth far more. On 17 October 1979, again in exile and perhaps knowing the gravity of his illness, he split up his wealth between his family members, giving 20% to Farah, 20% to his eldest son Reza, 15% to Farahnaz, 15% to Leila, 20% to his younger son, in addition to giving 8% to Shahnaz and 2% to his granddaughter Mahnaz Zahedi.", "precise_score": -1.225982666015625, "rough_score": -3.609295129776001, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "After a year of strikes and demonstrations paralyzing the country and its economy, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled the country and Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile to Tehran in February 1979, forming a new government. After holding a referendum, in April 1979, Iran officially became an Islamic Republic. A second referendum in December 1979 approved a theocratic constitution. ", "precise_score": -2.854745864868164, "rough_score": -0.9237862229347229, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime and all but certain execution. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the release of the hostages, and a failed rescue attempt, helped force Carter out of office and brought Ronald Reagan to power. On Jimmy Carter's final day in office, the last hostages were finally set free as a result of the Algiers Accords.", "precise_score": -1.066596269607544, "rough_score": 3.6657376289367676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "On November 4, 1979 a group of Iranian students, belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who were supporting the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for the next 444 days until January 20, 1981. During the crisis, Carter remained in isolation in the White House for more than 100 days, until he left to participate in the lighting of the National Menorah on the Ellipse. On April 24, 1980, Carter ordered Operation Eagle Claw to try free the hostages. The mission failed, leaving eight American servicemen dead and causing the destruction of two aircraft.", "precise_score": -4.030918121337891, "rough_score": -0.35603785514831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Carter" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "In 1979, the swamp rabbit species enjoyed a brief stint of notoriety when one swamp rabbit had a close encounter with Jimmy Carter. In April of that year, as President Carter was fishing on a small pond on his farm, a visibly agitated swamp rabbit approached his boat and tried to board. Carter used a paddle to splash water at the rabbit to dissuade it from swimming towards the boat.", "precise_score": -5.766933441162109, "rough_score": -4.615408420562744, "source": "wiki", "title": "Swamp rabbit" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "On 16 January 1979, he made a contract with Farboud and left Iran at the behest of Prime Minister Shapour Bakhtiar (a longtime opposition leader himself), who sought to calm the situation. Spontaneous attacks by members of the public on statues of the Pahlavis followed, and \"within hours, almost every sign of the Pahlavi dynasty\" was destroyed. Bakhtiar dissolved SAVAK, freed all political prisoners, and allowed Ayatollah Khomeini to return to Iran after years in exile. He asked Khomeini to create a Vatican-like state in Qom, promised free elections, and called upon the opposition to help preserve the constitution, proposing a \"national unity\" government including Khomeini's followers. Khomeini rejected Bakhtiar's demands and appointed his own interim government, with Mehdi Bazargan as prime minister, stating that \"I will appoint a state. I will act against this government. With the nation's support, I will appoint a state.\" In February, pro-Khomeini revolutionary guerrilla and rebel soldiers gained the upper hand in street fighting, and the military announced its neutrality. On the evening of 11 February, the dissolution of the monarchy was complete.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.883796691894531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "On 14 January 1979, an article titled \"Little pain expected in exile for Shah\" by The Spokesman Review newspaper found that the Pahlavi dynasty had amassed one of the largest private fortunes in the world; estimated then at well over $1 billion. A list submitted to the ministry of justice in protest of the royal family's penetration of every corner of the nation's economy detailed that the then Pahlavi dynasty dominated the economy of Iran. The list showed that the Pahlavi dynasty had interests in, amongst other things, 17 banks and insurance companies, including a 90 percent ownership in the nation's third-largest insurance company, 25 metal enterprises, 8 mining companies, 10 building materials companies, including 25 percent of the largest cement company, 45 construction companies, 43 food companies, and 26 enterprises in trade or commerce, including a share of ownership in almost every major hotel in Iran. According to another source, the Pahlavis owned 70 percent of the then hotel capacity in the country. Much of the Pahlavi dynasty fortune was required to be transferred to the \"Pahlavi Foundation\", a charitable organisation and the families' trust. The organisation refuses to give any value of its assets or an annual income but a published book in Iran by Robert Graham, a British journalist, calculates that on the basis of its known holdings, the then foundation assets totalled over $2.8 billion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.165365219116211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "File:State Flag of Iran (1964).svg|Flag of Iran during the Pahlavi dynasty 1925 to 1979", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.504388809204102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg|The Coat of Arms of Iran, during Pahlavi dynasty 1925 to 1979. The Farvahar (Atra) is seen. (In the circle, right, top).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.841335773468018, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Beginning in 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs conquered Iran and largely displaced the indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism by Sunni Islam. Iran became a major contributor to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential scientists, scholars, artists, and thinkers. The rise of the Safavid Dynasty in 1501 led to the establishment of Twelver Shia Islam as the official religion of Iran, marking one of the most important turning points in Iranian and Muslim history. During the 18th century, Iran reached its greatest territorial extent since the Sassanid Empire, and under Nader Shah briefly possessed what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time. Through the late 18th and 19th centuries, a series of conflicts with Russia led to significant territorial losses and the erosion of sovereignty. Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1906, which established a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislative body, the Majles. Following a coup d'état instigated by the U.K. and the U.S. in 1953, Iran gradually became closely aligned with the United States and the rest of the West but grew increasingly autocratic. Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.7223100662231445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. Its political system is based on the 1979 Constitution which combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a Supreme Leadership. A multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, most inhabitants are Shia Muslims and Persian is the official language. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.616204261779785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "After the 1979 Revolution", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.939570426940918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The 1979 Revolution, later known as the Islamic Revolution, began in January 1978 with the first major demonstrations against the Shah. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.059940338134766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government. The new government went about purging itself of the non-Islamist political opposition, as well as of those Islamists who were not considered radical enough. Although both nationalists and Marxists had initially joined with Islamists to overthrow the Shah, tens of thousands were executed by the Islamic government afterward. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.53048038482666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "One of the most famous members of the Iranian wildlife is the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah, also known as the Iranian cheetah, whose numbers were greatly reduced after the 1979 Revolution. The Persian leopard, which is the world's largest leopard subspecies living primarily in northern Iran, is also listed as an endangered species. Iran lost all its Asiatic lions and the now extinct Caspian tigers by the earlier part of the 20th century. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.222511291503906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution (\"Supreme Leader\") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.543431282043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": ", Iran maintains diplomatic relations with 99 members of the United Nations, but not with the United States or Israel, a state which Iran has not recognized since the 1979 Revolution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7803635597229, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Since the 1979 Revolution, to overcome foreign embargoes, Iran has developed its own military industry, produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, military vessels, guided missile destroyer, radar systems, helicopters and fighter planes. In recent years, official announcements have highlighted the development of weapons such as the Hoot, Kowsar, Zelzal, Fateh-110, Shahab-3 and Sejjil missiles, and a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Fajr-3 (MIRV) is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile, it is a liquid fuel missile with an undisclosed range which was developed and produced domestically.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.632679462432861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Iran placed its domestically built satellite, Omid into orbit on the 30th anniversary of the 1979 Revolution, on 2 February 2009, through Safir rocket, becoming the ninth country in the world capable of both producing a satellite and sending it into space from a domestically made launcher. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.116888999938965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Iran hosts one of the largest refugee populations in the world, with more than one million refugees, mostly from Afghanistan and Iraq. Since 2006, Iranian officials have been working with the UNHCR and Afghan officials for their repatriation. According to estimates, about five million Iranian citizens have emigrated to other countries, mostly since the 1979 Revolution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.306995391845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Judaism has a long history in Iran, dating back to the Achaemenid Conquest of Babylonia. Although many left in the wake of the establishment of the State of Israel and the 1979 Revolution, around 8,756 Jews remain in Iran, according to the latest census. Iran has the largest Jewish population in the Middle East outside of Israel. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.547233581542969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and the Sunni branch of Islam are officially recognized by the government, and have reserved seats in the Iranian Parliament. But the Bahá'í Faith, which is said to be the largest non-Muslim religious minority in Iran, is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during its existence in Iran since the 19th century. Since the 1979 Revolution, the persecution of Bahais has increased with executions, the denial of civil rights and liberties, and the denial of access to higher education and employment. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.562736511230469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Before the 1979 Revolution, the Iranian national stage had become a famous performing scene for known international artists and troupes, with the Roudaki Hall of Tehran constructed to function as the national stage for opera and ballet. Opened on October 26, 1967, the hall is home to the Symphony Orchestra of Tehran, the Opera Orchestra of Tehran, and the Iranian National Ballet Company, and continues now with Vahdat Hall as its official name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.185024738311768, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "After the Revolution of 1979, as the new government imposed new laws and standards, a new age in Iranian cinema emerged, starting with Viva... by Khosrow Sinai and followed by many other directors, such as Abbas Kiarostami and Jafar Panahi. Kiarostami, an admired Iranian director, planted Iran firmly on the map of world cinema when he won the Palme d'Or for Taste of Cherry in 1997. The continuous presence of Iranian films in prestigious international festivals, such as the Cannes Film Festival, the Venice Film Festival, and the Berlin International Film Festival, attracted world attention to Iranian masterpieces. In 2006, six Iranian films, of six different styles, represented Iranian cinema at the Berlin International Film Festival. Critics considered this a remarkable event in the history of Iranian cinema. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.112390518188477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Television was introduced to Iran in 1958. Although the 1974 Asian Games was broadcast in color, full color programming began in 1978. Since the 1979 Revolution, Iran's largest media corporation is the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB). Over 30 percent of Iranians watch satellite channels, but observers state that the figures are likely to be higher. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.489729404449463, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "When they were attached for the first time, and then towed into place and anchored, sea conditions in the Hood Canal were too severe and the pontoons were returned to a nearby bay until a better method of attaching could be devised. The structural engineers and the contractor decided the design was faulty. A new contractor was hired and the design modified. It was decided to use a large rubber dam between each of the two pontoons as they were attached, clean the concrete surfaces of all marine growth, epoxy, and tension them with a number of cables welded to a variety of attachment points. This system seemed to work from when the bridge opened in 1961 until the disaster of 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.865373611450195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hood Canal Bridge" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "1979 sinking", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.576242446899414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hood Canal Bridge" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The Hood Canal Bridge suffered catastrophic failure during the February 13, 1979 windstorm. During the night the bridge had withstood sustained winds of up to and gusts estimated at , and finally succumbed at about 7:00 a.m., February 13. The western drawspan and the pontoons of the western half had broken loose and sunk, despite the drawspan being opened to relieve lateral pressure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.941213607788086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hood Canal Bridge" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Efforts to repair the bridge began immediately and Washington Secretary of Transportation William A. Bulley secured a commitment of federal emergency relief money for the project. On June 15, 1979 actual work began with the removal of the west truss and transport for storage. The Washington State Department of Transportation attempted to mitigate the impact of the disaster by redirecting traffic to US Highway 101 to drive around the 50 mile (80 km) Hood Canal and by re-establishing the Washington State ferry run between Lofall and South Point across the canal just south of the bridge. This route had been discontinued after the 1961 bridge opening and the state needed to re-acquire access to and restore operational conditions on both landings. During the course of the closure an additional ferry route was temporarily added between Edmonds and Port Townsend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.743853569030762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hood Canal Bridge" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "On his second day in office, Carter pardoned all evaders of the Vietnam War drafts. During Carter's term as President, two new cabinet-level departments, the Department of Energy and the Department of Education were established. He established a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. In foreign affairs, Carter pursued the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II), and the return of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama. On the economic front he confronted persistent \"stagflation\", a combination of high inflation, high unemployment and slow growth. The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979–1981 Iran hostage crisis, the 1979 energy crisis, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In response to the Soviet move he ended détente, escalated the Cold War, and led the international boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. By 1980, Carter's popularity had eroded such that, running for re-election that year, he was challenged by Senator Ted Kennedy in the Democratic Party's primaries for the presidential nomination, marking the most recent Democratic primary in which an incumbent faced serious opposition. Carter won the 1980 primary with 51.13% of the vote (all incumbent candidates since have won at least 72.8% of their party's primary votes) but lost the general election in an electoral landslide to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan, who won 44 of 50 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.334464073181152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Carter" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Carter's tenure was a time of continuing inflation and recession, as well as an energy crisis. Among his first acts was the fulfillment of a campaign promise by issuing an executive order declaring unconditional amnesty for Vietnam War-era draft evaders. On January 7, 1980, Carter signed [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=32978 Law H.R. 5860 aka Public Law 96-185] known as The Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979, bailing out Chrysler Corporation. He canceled military pay raises during a time of high inflation and government deficits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.89948558807373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Carter" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "In 1979, Carter deregulated the American beer industry by making it legal to sell malt, hops, and yeast to American home brewers for the first time since the effective 1920 beginning of Prohibition in the United States. This Carter deregulation led to an increase in home brewing over the 1980s and 1990s that by the 2000s had developed into a strong craft microbrew culture in the United States, with 3,418 micro breweries, brewpubs, and regional craft breweries in the United States by the end of 2014. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.816269874572754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Carter" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "In response to the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Carter called for a boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, which raised a bitter controversy. It was the only time since the founding of the modern Olympics in 1896 that the United States had not participated in a Summer or Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union retaliated by boycotting the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. It did not withdraw troops from Afghanistan until 1989 (eight years after Carter left office).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.450934410095215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Carter" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Following the success of the science fiction movies Star Wars and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Paramount adapted the planned pilot episode of Phase II into the feature film, Star Trek: The Motion Picture. The film opened in North America on December 7, 1979, with mixed reviews from critics. The film earned $139 million worldwide, below expectations but enough for Paramount to create a sequel. The studio forced Roddenberry to relinquish creative control of future sequels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.571964263916016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The success of the critically acclaimed sequel, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, reversed the fortunes of the franchise. While the sequel grossed less than the first movie, The Wrath of Khans lower production costs made it net more profit. Paramount produced six Star Trek feature films between 1979 and 1991. In response to the popularity of Star Trek feature films, the franchise returned to television with Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG) in 1987. Paramount chose to distribute it as a first-run syndication show rather than a network show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.339829444885254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture is a 1979 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. It is the first Star Trek film and stars the cast of the original 1966–1969 Star Trek television series. The film is set in the twenty-third century when a mysterious and immensely powerful alien cloud known as V'Ger approaches Earth, destroying everything in its path. Admiral James T. Kirk (William Shatner) resumes command of his previous starship—the recently refitted USS Enterprise—to lead it on a mission to save the planet and determine VGers origins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.745457649230957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "With the cancellation of Phase II, writers rushed to adapt its planned pilot episode, \"In Thy Image\", into a film script. Constant revisions to the story and shooting script continued, to the extent of hourly script updates on shooting dates. The Enterprise was modified inside and out; costume designer Robert Fletcher provided new uniforms and production designer Harold Michelson fabricated new sets. Jerry Goldsmith composed the score, beginning an association with Star Trek that would continue until 2002. When the original contractors for the optical effects proved unable to complete their tasks in time, effects supervisor Douglas Trumbull was given carte blanche to meet the December 1979 release date. The film came together only days before the premiere; Wise took the just-completed film to its Washington, D.C., opening, but always felt that the theatrical version was a rough cut of the film he wanted to make.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.416616439819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Released in North America on December 7, 1979, Star Trek: The Motion Picture received mixed reviews from critics, many of whom faulted the film for its lack of action and over-reliance on special effects. The final production cost ballooned to approximately $46 million. The film earned $139 million worldwide, falling short of studio expectations but enough for Paramount to propose a cheaper sequel. Roddenberry was forced out of creative control for The Wrath of Khan. In 2001, Wise oversaw a director's cut for a special DVD release of the film, with remastered audio, tightened and added scenes, and new computer-generated effects.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.115736961364746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The last week of production was fraught with issues. Red gel lights appeared orange upon reviewing the daily footage; the lights were faulty, and three people were nearly electrocuted. On January 26, 1979, the film finally wrapped after 125 days. The three leads (Shatner, Nimoy, and Kelley) delivered their final lines at 4:50 pm. Before the crew could go home, a final shot had to be filmed — the climactic fusing of Decker and V'Ger. The script prescribed a heavy emphasis on lighting, with spiraling and blinding white lights. Collins was covered in tiny dabs of cotton glued to his jacket; these highlights were designed to create a body halo. Helicopter lights, 4000–watt lamps and wind machines were used to create the effect of Decker's fusion with the living machine. The first attempts at filming the scene became a nightmare for the crew. The extreme lighting caused normally invisible dust particles in the air to be illuminated, creating the appearance that the actors were caught in a blizzard. During the retakes throughout the week the crew mopped and dusted the set constantly, and it required later technical work to completely eliminate the dust in the final print. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.707220077514648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Rumors surfaced about difficulties regarding the special effects. By a year into the production, millions of dollars had been spent, yet almost no usable footage had been created; Abel and Associates was not experienced in motion picture production and the steep learning curve worried the producers. Due to contract obligations, Trumbull served as a consultant to Abel and Associates, while effects artist Richard Yuricich acted as a liaison between Abel and Paramount. To speed up the work, Abel passed off miniature and matte painting tasks to Yuricich. Despite being relieved of nearly half the effects work, it became clear by early 1979 that Abel and Associates would not be able to complete the remainder on time. Creative differences grew between Abel and Associates and the Paramount production team, and by mid-February 1979 the two companies parted ways.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.491426467895508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Goldsmith was influenced by the style of the romantic, sweeping music of Star Wars. \"When you stop and think about it, space is a very romantic thought. It is, to me, like the Old West, we’re up in the universe. It’s about discovery and new life [...] it’s really the basic premise of Star Trek,\" he said. Goldsmith's initial bombastic main theme reminded Ramsay and Wise of sailing ships. Unable to articulate what he felt was wrong with the piece, Wise recommended writing an entirely different piece. Although irked by the rejection, Goldsmith consented to re-work his initial ideas. The rewriting of the theme required changes to several sequences Goldsmith had scored without writing a main title piece. The approach of Kirk and Scott to the drydocked Enterprise by shuttle lasted a ponderous five minutes due to the effect shots coming in late and unedited, requiring Goldsmith to maintain interest with a revised and developed cue. Star Trek: The Motion Picture is the only Star Trek film to have a true overture, using \"Ilia's Theme\" (later re-recorded - as a lyrical version - by Shaun Cassidy as \"A Star Beyond Time\" with lyrics by Larry Kusik) in this role, most noticeably in the \"Director's Edition\" DVD release. Star Trek and The Black Hole were the only feature films to use an overture from the end of 1979 until 2000 (with Lars von Trier's Dancer in the Dark). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.330018043518066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "A soundtrack featuring the film's music was released by Columbia Records in 1979 together with the film debut, and was one of Goldsmith's best-selling scores. Sony's Legacy Recordings released an expanded two-disc edition of the soundtrack on November 10, 1998. The album added an additional 21 minutes of music to supplement the original track list, and was resequenced to reflect the story line of the film. The first disc features as much of the score as can fit onto a 78-minute disc, while the second disc contains \"Inside Star Trek\", a spoken word documentary from the 1970s. In 2012, the score was released yet again via La-La Land Records in association with Sony Music. This 3-CD set contains the complete score for the first time, plus unreleased alternate and unused cues, in addition to the remastered original 1979 album. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.704435348510742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "To coincide with the film's release, Pocket Books published a novelization written by Roddenberry. The only Star Trek novel Roddenberry wrote, the book adds back story and elements that did not appear in the movie; for example, the novelization mentions that Willard Decker is the son of Commodore Matt Decker from the original series episode \"The Doomsday Machine\"—a plot element intended for the Phase II television series. The novel also has a different opening scene to introduce Vejur and Kirk, concentrates in sections on Kirk's struggle with confidence in taking command of the Enterprise again and expands on Ilia and Decker's relationship. The Vejur spelling for the \"intruder's\" name was used exclusively in the novel Roddenberry authored, from its first appearance on page 179 of the first paperback edition of the novelization through to the account on the novel's page 241 of Kirk reading the undamaged \"V-G-E-R\" letters on the fictional \"Voyager 6\" space probe's nameplate. In addition to the novel, Star Trek printed media included a coloring book, ship blueprints, and a comic book adaptation published by Marvel Comics as Marvel Super Special #15 (Dec. 1979). Toys included action figures, ship models, and a variety of watches, phaser mockups and communicators. McDonald's sold specially designed Star Trek Happy Meals. The marketing was part of a coordinated approach by Paramount and its parent conglomerate Gulf+Western to create a sustained Star Trek product line. The Motion Picture novel started Pocket Books' Star Trek book franchise, which produced 18 consecutive bestsellers within a decade. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.177423477172852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The Motion Picture opened in North America on December 7, 1979, in 859 theaters and set a box office record for highest weekend gross, making $11,815,203 in its first weekend (generally considered to be a slow time for the movie business). The film beat the record set by Superman (1978), which had opened in a similar number of theaters but had been released in late December—a busier time. The Motion Picture earned $17 million within a week. At its widest domestic distribution, the film was shown in 1,002 theaters; it grossed $82,258,456 in the United States, making it the fifth-highest-grossing film of 1979 in that country. Overall, the film grossed $139 million worldwide. The Motion Picture was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Art Direction (Harold Michelson, Joseph R. Jennings, Leon Harris, John Vallone and Linda DeScenna), Best Visual Effects, and Best Original Score. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.097957611083984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The Director's Edition was better received by critics than the original theatrical release. The DVD Journal's Mark Bourne said that the Director's Edition showcased \"a brisker, more attractive version of the movie\" that was \"as good as it might have been in 1979. Even better maybe.\" Complaints included the edition's 2.17:1 aspect ratio, as opposed to the original 2.40:1 Panavision. Jeremy Conrad of IGN felt that despite the changes, the pacing might still be too slow for some viewers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.85902214050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" } ]

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[ { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Hartman garnered fame in 1986 when he joined the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live. He won fame for his impressions, particularly of President Bill Clinton, and he stayed on the show for eight seasons. Given the moniker \"The Glue\" for his ability to hold the show together and help other cast members, Hartman won a Primetime Emmy Award for his SNL work in 1989. In 1995, after scrapping plans for his own variety show, he starred as Bill McNeal in the NBC sitcom NewsRadio. He had voice roles on The Simpsons, from seasons 2–10 as Lionel Hutz, Troy McClure, and others, and appeared in the films Houseguest, Sgt. Bilko, Jingle All the Way, Small Soldiers and the English dub of Kiki's Delivery Service.", "precise_score": -0.05299163609743118, "rough_score": 2.0672106742858887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Phil Hartman" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Lionel Hutz is a fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons. He was voiced by Phil Hartman, and his first appearance was in the season two episode \"Bart Gets Hit by a Car\". Hutz is a stereotypical ambulance chasing lawyer in Springfield with questionable competence and ethics. He is nevertheless often hired by the Simpsons. Following Hartman's murder in 1998, Hutz was retired out of respect; and his final speaking role was in the season nine episode \"Realty Bites\" five months earlier.", "precise_score": 6.639846324920654, "rough_score": 7.305761337280273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lionel Hutz" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "After Hartman's death in 1998, Hutz and Hartman's other main character, Troy McClure, were retired out of respect. The last episode to feature Hutz speaking was the season 9 episode \"Realty Bites\". Since the Simpson family frequently appears in court, other characters have represented the Simpsons in legal matters since Hutz's retirement. For example, in \"Sweets and Sour Marge\", the equally-incompetent Gil Gunderson stepped in. The Blue Haired Lawyer—who is just as unethical yet very competent - has also served as the family's attorney. Following Hartman's death, Hutz appeared infrequently in clip shows and flashbacks, as well as crowd scenes, but only in non-speaking roles. His last appearance in the series was in the season 12 episode \"A Tale of Two Springfields\". Hutz and McClure still appear in Simpsons Comics.", "precise_score": 3.7138688564300537, "rough_score": 4.521960258483887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lionel Hutz" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "The Simpsons (1991–1998)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.099218368530273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Phil Hartman" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Hartman provided the voices for numerous characters on the Fox animated series The Simpsons, appearing in 52 episodes. He made his first appearance in the second season episode \"Bart Gets Hit by a Car\". Although he was originally brought in for a one-time appearance, Hartman enjoyed working on The Simpsons and the staff wrote additional parts for him. He voiced the recurring characters Lionel Hutz and Troy McClure, as well as several one-time and background characters. His favorite part was that of McClure, and he often used this voice to entertain the audience between takes while taping episodes of NewsRadio. He remarked, \"My favorite fans are Troy McClure fans.\" He added \"It's the one thing that I do in my life that's almost an avocation. I do it for the pure love of it.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0708646774291992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Phil Hartman" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Hartman was popular among the staff of The Simpsons. Showrunners Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein stated that they enjoyed his work, and used Hartman as much as possible when working on the show. To give Hartman a larger role, they developed the episode \"A Fish Called Selma\", which focuses on Troy McClure and expands the character's backstory. The Simpsons creator Matt Groening said that he \"took [Hartman] for granted because he nailed the joke every time\", and that his voice acting could produce \"the maximum amount of humor\" with any line he was given. Before his death, Hartman had expressed an interest in making a live action film about Troy McClure. Many of The Simpsons production staff expressed enthusiasm for the project and offered to help. Hartman said he was \"looking forward to [McClure's] live-action movie, publicizing his Betty Ford appearances\", and \"would love nothing more\" than making a film and was prepared to buy the film rights himself in order to make it happen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5910563468933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Phil Hartman" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Rehearsals for The Simpsons were canceled on the day of Hartman's death, as was that night's performance by The Groundlings. The season five premiere episode of NewsRadio, \"Bill Moves On,\" finds Hartman's character, Bill McNeal, has died of a heart attack, while the other characters reminisce about his life. Lovitz joined the show in his place from the following episode. A special episode of Saturday Night Live commemorating Hartman's work on the show aired on June 13, 1998. Rather than substituting another voice actor, the writers of The Simpsons retired Hartman's characters, and the season ten episode \"Bart the Mother\" (his final appearance on the show) was dedicated to him, as was his final film, Small Soldiers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5642002820968628, "source": "wiki", "title": "Phil Hartman" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Role in The Simpsons", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.7684326171875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lionel Hutz" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Lionel Hutz is an inept ambulance chaser and, according to Lisa Simpson, a \"shyster\" whom the Simpsons nonetheless repeatedly hire as their lawyer (a fact remarked on by Marge Simpson in a typically self-aware aside). His legal practice, located in a shopping mall, is named \"I Can't Believe It's a Law Firm!\" and also offers \"expert shoe repair.\" He often tries to entice potential clients with free gifts, including a \"smoking monkey\" doll, a pen that looks like a cigar, an exotic faux-pearl necklace, a business card that \"turns into a sponge when you put it in water,\" and even an almost-full Orange Julius he once had.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6294847726821899, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lionel Hutz" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Hutz is a recovering alcoholic. Also in \"Marge in Chains\", he hastily leaves the courtroom after handling a bottle of bourbon in order to consult his sponsor, David Crosby. He then gives his closing statement, unaware that he is not wearing any pants and thinks that Clarence Darrow was \"The black guy on The Mod Squad\". Beyond practicing law, he also tries his hand at selling real estate, reasoning that it was a natural move as most of his clients ended up losing their homes anyway, and out of desperation for work, babysitting, where he produces a switchblade upon awakening suddenly, and also burns several presumably incriminating documents in the Simpsons' fireplace, and then claiming he is now \"Miguel Sanchez\". His other alias is \"Dr. Nguyen Van Phuoc\". He also ran a shoe-repair business out of his law office. Hutz's incompetence and financial desperation sometimes lead him to resort to rooting through dumpsters, claiming it is client-related. Hutz was briefly married to Selma Bouvier, although this storyline is not shown in an episode. Hutz has also been known to use a phone booth as an office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.467278957366943, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lionel Hutz" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "Although Hutz loses most of his cases, he does win several cases for the Simpsons. In \"New Kid on the Block\", he represents Homer in his case against the Sea Captain and the Frying Dutchman restaurant over its \"All You Can Eat\" offer (\"The most blatant case of fraudulent advertising since my suit against the film The Never Ending Story\"). He also wins a case for Bart Simpson in \"The Day the Violence Died\", by proving that Itchy was created by an old man named Chester J. Lampwick—though the deciding factor of the case is mainly proven by Bart's footwork to collect the crucial piece of evidence, rather than Hutz's competence. Hutz initiates the trial with zero credible evidence. In \"'Round Springfield\", Hutz successfully sues Krusty the Clown after Bart consumes a jagged metal Krusty-O from a box of cereal, resulting in an inflamed appendix. After winning the case, Hutz gives Bart only $500 of the $100,000 settlement. In \"Sideshow Bob Roberts\", Hutz wins a case against Sideshow Bob, who was mayor at that time, for electoral fraud, in which Bart and Lisa found evidence connected to it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.266324043273926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lionel Hutz" }, { "answer": "The Simpsons", "passage": "The only other case technically won by Hutz was in \"Treehouse of Horror IV\", where he represents Homer against Satan (represented as Ned Flanders). In a purportedly-deleted scene for this episode, as subsequently seen in \"The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular\", Hutz's slogan is \"Cases won in 30 minutes or your pizza is free\". After he thinks he has lost the case, he gives the Simpsons their pizza. However, Marge informs him that they did win. Then, he tells them that the box was empty anyway. In the video game The Simpsons: Hit & Run, billboards can be seen around Downtown Springfield promoting Lionel Hutz's free pizza offer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0142383575439453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lionel Hutz" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Jeopardy! is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in the form of questions. The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30, 1964, and aired until January 3, 1975. A weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, The All-New Jeopardy!, ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979. The current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10, 1984 and is still airing, making it by far the program's most successful incarnation.", "precise_score": 2.191434383392334, "rough_score": -7.094402313232422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The daily syndicated version of Jeopardy! is produced by Sony Pictures Television (previously known as Columbia TriStar Television, the successor company to original producer Merv Griffin Enterprises). The copyright holder is Jeopardy Productions, which, like SPT, operates as a subsidiary of Sony Pictures Entertainment. The rights to distribute the program on television in the United States are owned by CBS Television Distribution, which absorbed original distributor King World Productions in 2007.", "precise_score": -2.279343605041504, "rough_score": -4.85854434967041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Various technological and aesthetic changes have been made to the Jeopardy! set over the years. The original game board was exposed from behind a curtain and featured clues printed on cardboard pull cards which were revealed as contestants selected them. The All-New Jeopardy!s game board was exposed from behind double-slide panels and featured flipping panels with the dollar amount on one side and the clue on the other. When the Trebek version premiered in 1984, the game board used individual television monitors for each clue within categories. The original monitors were replaced with larger and sleeker ones in 1991. In 2006, these monitors were discarded in favor of a nearly seamless projection video wall, which was replaced in 2009 with 36 high-definition flat-panel monitors manufactured by Sony Electronics.", "precise_score": -4.317268371582031, "rough_score": -6.826593399047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "From 1985 to 1997, the sets were designed to have a background color of blue for the Jeopardy! round and red for the Double Jeopardy! and Final Jeopardy! rounds. At the beginning of season 8 in 1991, a brand new set was introduced that resembled a grid. On the episode aired November 11, 1996, two months after the start of season 13, Jeopardy! introduced the first of several sets designed by Naomi Slodki, who intended the set to resemble \"the foyer of a very contemporary library, with wood and sandblasted glass and blue granite\".", "precise_score": -3.461899995803833, "rough_score": -7.087606430053711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Shortly after the start of season 19 in 2002, the show switched to yet another new set, which was given slight modifications when Jeopardy! and sister show Wheel of Fortune transitioned to high-definition broadcasting in 2006. During this time, the show began to feature virtual tours of the set on its official web site. The various HD improvements for Jeopardy! and Wheel represented a combined investment of approximately $4 million, 5,000 hours of labor, and 6 mi of cable. Both shows had been shot using HD cameras for several years before beginning to broadcast in HD. On standard-definition television broadcasts, the shows continue to be displayed with an aspect ratio of 4:3.", "precise_score": 3.2125511169433594, "rough_score": 5.093921184539795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The original Jeopardy! series premiered on NBC on March 30, 1964, and by the end of the 1960s was the second-highest-rated daytime game show, behind only The Hollywood Squares. The show was successful until 1974, when Lin Bolen, then NBC's Vice President of Daytime Programming, moved the show out of the noontime slot where it had been located for most of its run, as part of her effort to boost ratings among the 18–34 female demographic. After 2,753 episodes, the original Jeopardy! series ended on January 3, 1975; to compensate Griffin for its cancellation, NBC purchased Wheel of Fortune, another show that he had created, and premiered it the following Monday. A syndicated edition of Jeopardy!, distributed by Metromedia and featuring many contestants who were previously champions on the original series, aired in the primetime during the 1974–75 season. The NBC daytime series was later revived as The All-New Jeopardy!, which premiered on October 2, 1978 and aired 108 episodes, ending on March 2, 1979; this revival featured significant rule changes, such as progressive elimination of contestants over the course of the main game, and a bonus round instead of Final Jeopardy!", "precise_score": 3.1475989818573, "rough_score": -1.0760215520858765, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Jeopardy! has spawned versions in many foreign countries throughout the world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Russia, Denmark, Israel, and Australia. The American syndicated version of Jeopardy! is also broadcast throughout the world, with international distribution rights handled by CBS Studios International. ", "precise_score": -2.3042497634887695, "rough_score": -6.777928352355957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "A hall of fame honoring Jeopardy! was added to the Sony Pictures Studios tour on September 20, 2011. It features the show's Emmy Awards as well as retired set pieces, classic merchandise, video clips, photographs, and other memorabilia related to Jeopardy!s history. ", "precise_score": -3.399221420288086, "rough_score": -7.164180755615234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Three contestants on the Trebek version have won a game with the lowest amount possible ($1). The first was U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Darryl Scott, on the episode that aired January 19, 1993; the second was Benjamin Salisbury, on a Celebrity Jeopardy! episode that aired April 30, 1997; and the third was Brandi Chastain, on the Celebrity Jeopardy! episode that aired February 9, 2001. ", "precise_score": -1.909924864768982, "rough_score": -5.920055389404297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Jeopardy! has been featured in a number of films, television shows and books over the years, mostly with one or more characters participating as contestants, or viewing and interacting with the game show from their own homes.", "precise_score": 0.5245745778083801, "rough_score": -3.830557346343994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*From 1996 to 2002 and again in 2005, 2009, and 2015, Saturday Night Live featured a recurring Celebrity Jeopardy! sketch in which Trebek, portrayed by Will Ferrell, has to deal with the constant taunts of antagonists such as Sean Connery (played by Darrell Hammond) and Burt Reynolds (Norm Macdonald), the latter of which insists on being called \"Turd Ferguson\". ", "precise_score": -4.792067050933838, "rough_score": -6.604217052459717, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*Other films and television series in which Jeopardy! has been portrayed over the years include The 'Burbs, Die Hard, Men in Black, Rain Man, Charlie's Angels, Dying Young, The Education of Max Bickford, The Bucket List, Groundhog Day, and Finding Forrester. ", "precise_score": 0.4288996756076813, "rough_score": -6.412115097045898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Over the years, the Jeopardy! brand has been licensed for various products. From 1964 through 1976, Milton Bradley issued annual board games based on the original Fleming version. The Trebek version has been adapted into board games released by Pressman Toy Corporation, Tyco Toys, and Parker Brothers. In addition, Jeopardy! has been adapted into a number of video games released on various consoles and handhelds spanning multiple hardware generations, starting with a Nintendo Entertainment System game released in 1987. The show has also been adapted for personal computers, Facebook, Twitter, Android, and the Roku Channel Store. ", "precise_score": -2.0835630893707275, "rough_score": -5.256411075592041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Merv Griffin conceived Wheel of Fortune just as the original version of Jeopardy!, another show he had created, was ending its 11-year run on NBC with Art Fleming as its host. Griffin decided to create a Hangman-style game after recalling long car trips as a child, on which he and his sister would play Hangman. After he discussed the idea with Merv Griffin Enterprises' staff, they thought that the idea would work as a game show if it had a \"hook\". He decided to add a roulette-style wheel because he was always \"drawn to\" such wheels when he saw them in casinos. He and MGE's then-president Murray Schwartz consulted an executive of Caesars Palace to find out how to build such a wheel. ", "precise_score": 2.143622398376465, "rough_score": 3.9618682861328125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Anyone at least 18 years old has the potential to become a contestant through Wheel of Fortunes audition process. Exceptions include employees and immediate family members of CBS Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, or any of their respective affiliates or subsidiaries; any firm involved in supplying prizes for the show; and television stations that broadcast Wheel and/or Jeopardy!, their sister radio stations, and those advertising agencies that are affiliated with them. Also ineligible to apply as contestants are individuals who have appeared on a different game show within the previous year, three other game shows within the past ten years, or on any version of Wheel of Fortune itself. ", "precise_score": -0.09580937772989273, "rough_score": 2.5449540615081787, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Wheel of Fortune premiered on January 6, 1975, at 10:30 am (9:30 Central) on NBC. Lin Bolen, then the head of daytime programming, purchased the show from Griffin to compensate him for canceling the original Jeopardy! series, which had one year remaining on its contract; Jeopardy! aired its final episode on the Friday before Wheels premiere. The original Wheel aired on NBC, in varying time slots between 10:30 am and noon, until June 30, 1989. Throughout that version's run, episodes were generally 30 minutes in length, except for six weeks of shows aired between December 1975 and January 1976 which were 60 minutes in length. NBC announced the cancellation of the show in August 1980, but it stayed on the air following a decision to cut the duration of The David Letterman Show from 90 to 60 minutes. The network Wheel moved to CBS on July 17, 1989, and remained there until January 14, 1991. After that, it briefly returned to NBC, replacing Let's Make a Deal, but was canceled permanently on September 20 of that year.", "precise_score": 5.881992340087891, "rough_score": 7.047408103942871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The daily syndicated version of Wheel premiered on September 19, 1983, preceded by a series of episodes taped on location at the Ohio State Fair and aired on WBNS-TV in Columbus, Ohio. From its debut, the syndicated version offered a larger prize budget than its network counterpart. The show came from humble beginnings: King World chairmen Roger, Michael, and Robert King could initially find only 50 stations that were willing to carry the show, and since they could not find affiliates for the syndicated Wheel in New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago, Philadelphia was the largest market in which the show could succeed in its early days. Only nine stations carried the show from its beginning, but by midseason it was airing on all 50 of the stations that were initially willing to carry it, and by the beginning of 1984 the show was available to 99 percent of television households. Before long, Wheel succeeded Family Feud as the highest-rated syndicated show, and at the beginning of the 1984–85 season, Griffin followed up on the show's success by launching a syndicated revival of Jeopardy!, hosted by Alex Trebek. The syndicated success of Wheel and Jeopardy! siphoned ratings from the period's three longest-running and most popular game shows, Tic-Tac-Dough, The Joker's Wild, and Family Feud, to the point that all three series came to an end by the fall of 1986. At this point, Wheel had the highest ratings of any syndicated television series in history, and at the peak of the show's popularity, over 40 million people were watching five nights per week. The series, along with companion series Jeopardy!, remained the most-watched syndicated program in the United States until dethroned by Judge Judy in 2011. The program has become America's longest-running syndicated game show and its second-longest in either network or syndication, second to the version of The Price Is Right which began airing in 1972. The syndicated Wheel has become part of the consciousness of over 90 million Americans, and awarded a total of over $200 million in cash and prizes to contestants.", "precise_score": 1.6296790838241577, "rough_score": -6.223659515380859, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Wheel of Fortune has long been one of the highest-rated programs on U.S. syndicated television. It was the highest-rated show in all of syndication before it was dethroned by Two and a Half Men in the 28th season (2010–11). The syndicated Wheel shared the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game/Audience Participation Show with Jeopardy! in 2011, and Sajak won three Daytime Emmys for Outstanding Game Show Host—in 1993, 1997, and 1998. In a 2001 issue, TV Guide ranked Wheel number 25 among the 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time, and in 2013, the magazine ranked it number 2 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever, second only to Jeopardy! In August 2006, the show was ranked number 6 on GSN's list of the 50 Greatest Game Shows. ", "precise_score": 4.544903755187988, "rough_score": 5.261141300201416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "With 7,000 episodes aired, the daily syndicated version of Jeopardy! has won a record 31 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award. In 2013, the program was ranked No. 45 on TV Guides list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history. Jeopardy! has also gained a worldwide following with regional adaptations in many other countries. The daily syndicated series' 32nd season premiered on September 14, 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.983800888061523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Three contestants each take their place behind a lectern, with the returning champion occupying the leftmost lectern (from the viewer's perspective). The contestants compete in a quiz game comprising three rounds: Jeopardy!, Double Jeopardy!, and Final Jeopardy!. The material for the questions covers a wide variety of topics, including history and current events, the sciences, the arts, popular culture, literature, and languages. Category titles often feature puns, wordplay, or shared themes, and the host will regularly remind contestants of topics or place emphasis on category themes before the start of the round. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.157063484191895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! rounds each feature six categories, each of which contains five clues, which are ostensibly valued by difficulty. The dollar values of the clues increased over time. On the original Jeopardy! series, clue values in the first round ranged from $10 to $50. On The All-New Jeopardy!, they ranged from $25 to $125. The current series' first round originally ranged from $100 to $500, and were doubled to $200 to $1,000 on November 26, 2001. On the Super Jeopardy! specials, clues were valued in points rather than in dollars, and ranged in the first round from 200 to 1,000 points.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.484697341918945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The Jeopardy! round begins when the returning champion selects a clue, which may be from any position on the game board. The clue is revealed and read aloud by the host, after which any contestant may ring-in using a hand-held signaling device. The first contestant to ring-in successfully is prompted to provide a response to the clue, phrased in the form of a question. For example, if a contestant were to select \"Presidents for $200\", the resulting clue could be \"This 'Father of Our Country' didn't really chop down a cherry tree\", to which the correct response would be \"Who is/was George Washington?\" (Contestants are free to phrase the response in the form of any question; the traditional phrasing of \"who is/are\" for people or \"what is/are\" for things or words is almost always used.) If the contestant responds correctly, the clue's dollar value is added to the contestant's score, and they may select a new clue from the board. An incorrect response, or a failure to respond within five seconds, deducts the clue's value from the contestant's score and allows the other contestants the opportunity to ring-in and respond. If no contestant responds correctly, the host gives the correct response; the \"last correct questioner\" chooses the next clue. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.781063079833984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "From the premiere of the original Jeopardy! until the end of the first season of the current syndicated series, contestants were allowed to ring-in as soon as the clue was revealed. Since September 1985, contestants are required to wait until the clue is read before ringing-in. To accommodate the rule change, lights were added to the game board (unseen by home viewers) to signify when it is permissible for contestants to signal; attempting to signal before the light goes on locks the contestant out for half of a second. The change was made to allow the home audience to play along with the show more easily and to keep an extremely fast contestant from potentially dominating the game. In pre-1985 episodes, a buzzer would sound when a contestant signaled; according to Trebek, the buzzer was eliminated because it was \"distracting to the viewers\" and sometimes presented a problem when contestants rang in while Trebek was still reading the clue. Contestants who are visually impaired or blind are given a card with the category names printed in Braille before each round begins, and an audible tone is played after the clue has been read aloud.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.735864639282227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The second round, Double Jeopardy!, features six new categories of clues. Clue values are doubled from the Jeopardy! round (except in Super Jeopardy!, where Double Jeopardy! values ranged from 500 to 2,500 points). The contestant with the least money at the end of the Jeopardy! round makes the first selection in Double Jeopardy!; if there is a tie, the tied contestant standing at the leftmost lectern selects first.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.101377487182617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "A \"Daily Double\" is hidden behind one clue in the Jeopardy! round, and behind two in Double Jeopardy! The name and inspiration were taken from a horse racing term. Only the contestant who uncovers a Daily Double may respond to that clue and need not use his/her signaling device to do so. Before the clue is revealed, the contestant must declare a wager, from a minimum of $5 to a maximum of his/her entire score (known as a \"true Daily Double\") or the highest clue value available in the round, whichever is greater. A correct response adds the value of the wager to the contestant's score, while an incorrect response deducts it. Whether or not the contestant responds correctly, he or she maintains control of the board.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.74021053314209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "During the Jeopardy! round, except in response to the Daily Double clue, contestants are not penalized for forgetting to phrase their response in the form of a question, although the host will remind contestants to watch their phrasing in future responses. In the Double Jeopardy! round and in the Daily Double in the Jeopardy! round, the phrasing rule is followed more strictly, with a response not phrased in the form of a question counting as wrong if it is not re-phrased immediately. If it is determined that a previous response was wrongly ruled to be correct or incorrect, the scores are adjusted at the first available opportunity. If, after a game is over, a ruling change is made that would have significantly altered the outcome of the game, the affected contestant(s) are invited back to compete on a future show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.93265438079834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Contestants who finish Double Jeopardy! with $0 or a negative score are automatically eliminated from the game at that point and awarded the third place prize. On at least one episode hosted by Art Fleming, all three contestants finished Double Jeopardy! with $0 or less, and as a result, no Final Jeopardy! round was played. During Celebrity Jeopardy! games, contestants with a $0 or negative score are given $1,000 for the Final Jeopardy! round.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.886395454406738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Final Jeopardy! ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4265289306640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The Final Jeopardy! round features a single clue. At the end of the Double Jeopardy! round, the host announces the Final Jeopardy! category, and a commercial break follows. During the break, barriers are placed between the contestant lecterns, and each contestant makes a final wager between $0 and his/her entire score. Contestants enter their wagers using a light pen to write on an electronic display on their lectern. After the break, the Final Jeopardy! clue is revealed and read by the host. The contestants have 30 seconds to write their responses on the electronic display, while the show's iconic \"Think!\" music plays in the background. In the event that either the display or the pen malfunctions, contestants can use an index card and a marker to manually write their response and wager. Visually impaired or blind contestants use a Braille keyboard to type in a wager and response.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.503183364868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Contestants' responses are revealed in order of their pre-Final Jeopardy! scores, from lowest to highest. A correct response adds the amount of the contestant's wager to his/her score, while a miss, failure to respond, or failure to phrase the response as a question (even if correct) deducts it. The contestant with the highest score at the end of the round is that day's winner. If there is a tie for second place, consolation prizes are awarded based on the scores going into the Final Jeopardy! round. If all three contestants finish with $0, no one returns as champion for the next show, and based on scores going into the Final Jeopardy! round, the two contestants who were first and second will receive the second-place prize, and the contestant in third will receive the third-place prize.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35893726348877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Before 1984, all three contestants received their winnings in cash (contestants who finished with $0 or a negative score received consolation prizes). This was changed in order to make the game more competitive, and avoid the problem of contestants who would stop participating in the game, or avoid wagering in Final Jeopardy!, rather than risk losing the money they had already won. From 1984 to 2002, non-winning contestants on the Trebek version received vacation packages and merchandise, which were donated by manufacturers as promotional consideration. The current cash consolation prize is provided by Aleve.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.61574649810791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Ties for first place following Final Jeopardy! are broken with a tie-breaker clue, resulting in only a single champion being named, keeping their winnings, and returning to compete in the next show. Previously, if two or all three contestants tied for first place, they were declared \"co-champions\", and each retained his or her winnings and returned on the following episode. A tie occurred on the January 29, 2014 episode when Arthur Chu, leading at the end of Double Jeopardy!, wagered to tie challenger Carolyn Collins rather than winning; Chu followed Jeopardy! College Champion Keith Williams's advice to wager for the tie to increase the leader's chances of winning. A three-way tie for first place has only occurred once on the Trebek version, on March 16, 2007, when Scott Weiss, Jamey Kirby, and Anders Martinson all ended the game with $16,000. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.531249046325684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "If no contestant finishes Final Jeopardy! with a positive total, there is no winner. This has happened on several episodes, most recently on January 18, 2016. Three new contestants appear on the next episode. A triple zero has also occurred twice in tournament play (1990 Seniors and 2013 Teen), and also once in a Celebrity Week episode in 1998. In Celebrity play, the full first, second, and third place prize money for charities is given based on the score before the round. In tournament play, an additional high scoring non-winner will advance to the next round.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.948296546936035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "If there is a tie for the final wild card position, the non-winner that advances will be based on the same regulations as two contestants who tie for second; the tie-breaker is the contestant's score after the Double Jeopardy! round, and if further tied, the score after the Jeopardy! round determines the contestant who advances as the wild card. In the rare case after the first round of the tournament, fewer than four non-winners have a positive score to advance to the second round, then the contestants who have a zero score after Final Jeopardy! will be ranked in the same procedure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.180059432983398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "If a finalist finishes Double Jeopardy! with a $0 or negative score on either day, that contestant is eliminated from Final Jeopardy! as usual for that leg of the two-legged tie only, and their score for that leg is recorded as $0. If any game of the finals ends in which no finalist finishes with a positive score, all scores for that day are recorded as $0. If, at the end of the finals, no finalist finishes with a positive score after combining the totals from the first and second games, the one-clue tiebreaker is played.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.296514511108398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "In a 1964 Associated Press profile released shortly before the original Jeopardy! series premiered, Merv Griffin offered the following account of how he created the quiz show:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.193807601928711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardi", "passage": "Griffin's first conception of the game used a board comprising ten categories with ten clues each, but after finding that this board could not easily be shown on camera, he reduced it to two rounds of thirty clues each, with five clues in each of six categories. He originally intended the show to require grammatically correct phrasing (e.g., only accepting \"Who is...\" for a person), but after finding that grammatical correction slowed the game down, he decided that the show should instead accept any correct response that was in question form. Griffin discarded his initial title for the show, What's the Question?, when skeptical network executive Ed Vane rejected his original concept of the game, claiming, \"It doesn't have enough jeopardies.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.253717422485352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Jeopardy! was not the first game show to give contestants the answers and require the questions. That format had previously been used by the Gil Fates-hosted program CBS Television Quiz, which aired from July 1941 until May 1942.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.604775428771973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The first three versions of the show were hosted by Art Fleming. Don Pardo served as announcer for the original NBC version and weekly syndicated version, but when NBC's revival The All-New Jeopardy! launched in 1978, Pardo's announcing duties were taken over by John Harlan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.469075202941895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Clue Crew", "passage": "Clue Crew ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26375675201416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The Jeopardy! Clue Crew, introduced on September 24, 2001, is a team of roving correspondents who appear in videos, recorded around the world, to narrate some clues. Explaining why the Clue Crew was added to the show, executive producer Harry Friedman said, \"TV is a visual medium, and the more visual we can make our clues, the more we think it will enhance the experience for the viewer.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.30935001373291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jon Cannon", "passage": "Following the initial announcement of auditions for the team, over 5,000 people applied for Clue Crew posts. The original Clue Crew members were Cheryl Farrell, Jimmy McGuire, Sofia Lidskog, and Sarah Whitcomb. Lidskog departed the Clue Crew in 2004 to become an anchor on the high school news program Channel One News, and a search was held to replace her in early 2005. The winners were Jon Cannon and Kelly Miyahara, who formally joined the crew starting in season 22, which premiered on September 12, 2005. Farrell continued to record clues for episodes aired as late as October 2008, and Cannon continued to appear until July 2009. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.990979194641113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The Clue Crew has traveled to 280 cities worldwide, spanning all 50 of the United States and 44 other countries. In addition to appearing in Jeopardy! clue videos, the team's members also travel to meet fans of the show and future contestants. Occasionally, they visit schools to showcase the educational game Classroom Jeopardy! Miyahara also serves as announcer for the Sports Jeopardy! spin-off series. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.66800594329834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Robert Rubin served as the producer of the original Jeopardy! series for most of its run, and later became its executive producer. Following Rubin's promotion, the line producer was Lynette Williams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.208990573883057, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Griffin was the daily syndicated version's executive producer until his retirement in 2000. Trebek served as producer as well as host until 1987, when he began hosting NBC's Classic Concentration for the next four years. At that time, he handed producer duties to George Vosburgh, who had formerly produced The All-New Jeopardy!. In the 1997–98 season, Vosburgh was succeeded as producer by Harry Friedman, Lisa Finneran, and Rocky Schmidt. Beginning in 1999, Friedman became executive producer, and Gary Johnson became the show's new third producer. In the 2006–07 season, Deb Dittmann and Brett Schneider became the producers, and Finneran, Schmidt, and Johnson were promoted to supervising producers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.102577209472656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The original Jeopardy! series was directed at different times by Bob Hultgren, Eleanor Tarshis, and Jeff Goldstein. Dick Schneider, who directed episodes of The All-New Jeopardy!, returned as director for the Trebek version's first eight seasons. Since 1992, the show has been directed by Kevin McCarthy, who had previously served as associate director under Schneider.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.513945579528809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The current version of Jeopardy! employs nine writers and five researchers to create and assemble the categories and clues. Billy Wisse and Michele Loud, both longtime staff members, are the editorial producer and editorial supervisor, respectively. Previous writing and editorial supervisors have included Jules Minton, Terrence McDonnell, Harry Eisenberg, and Gary Johnson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.386693954467773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The original Jeopardy! series was taped in Studio 6A at NBC Studios at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, and The All-New Jeopardy! was taped in Studio 3 at NBC's Burbank Studios at 3000 West Alameda Avenue in Burbank, California. The Trebek version was initially taped at Metromedia Stage 7, KTTV-TV, on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, but moved its production facilities to Hollywood Center Studios' Stage 9 in 1985. After the final shows of season 10 were recorded on February 15, 1994, the Jeopardy! production facilities were moved to Sony Pictures Studios' Stage 10 on Washington Boulevard in Culver City, California, where the show has been recorded ever since.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.574286937713623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "In 2009, Jeopardy! updated its set once again. The new set debuted with special episodes taped at the 42nd annual International CES technology trade show, hosted at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester (Las Vegas Valley), Nevada, and became the primary set for Jeopardy! when the show began taping its 26th season, which premiered on September 14, 2009. It was significantly remodeled when season 30 premiered in September 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.496190071105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Since the debut of Jeopardy! in 1964, several different songs and arrangements have served as the theme music for the show, most of which were composed by Griffin. The main theme for the original Jeopardy! series was \"Take Ten\", composed by Griffin's wife Julann. The All-New Jeopardy! opened with \"January, February, March\" and closed with \"Frisco Disco\", both of which were composed by Griffin himself. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.94119644165039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The best-known theme song on Jeopardy! is \"Think!\", originally composed by Griffin under the title \"A Time for Tony\", as a lullaby for his son. \"Think!\" has always been used for the 30-second period in Final Jeopardy! when the contestants write down their responses, and since the syndicated version debuted in 1984, a rendition of that tune has been used as the main theme song. \"Think!\" has become so popular that it has been used in many different contexts, from sporting events to weddings. Griffin estimated that the use of \"Think!\" had earned him royalties of over $70 million throughout his lifetime. \"Think!\" led Griffin to win the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) President's Award in 2003, and during GSN's 2009 Game Show Awards special, it was named \"Best Game Show Theme Song\". In 1997, the main theme and Final Jeopardy! recordings of \"Think!\" were rearranged by Steve Kaplan, who served as the show's music director until his December 2003 death. In 2008, Chris Bell Music and Sound Design overhauled the Jeopardy! music package for the show's 25th anniversary. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.98286771774292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Prospective contestants of the original Jeopardy! series called the show's office in New York to arrange an appointment and to preliminarily determine eligibility. They were briefed and auditioned together in groups of ten to thirty individuals, participating in both a written test and mock games. Individuals who were successful at the audition were invited to appear on the program within approximately six weeks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.160691261291504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Auditioning for the current version of the show begins with a written exam, comprising fifty questions in total. This exam is administered online periodically, as well as being offered at regional contestant search events. Since season 15 (1998–99), the show has used a Winnebago recreational vehicle called the \"Jeopardy! Brain Bus\" to conduct regional events throughout the United States and Canada. Participants who correctly answer at least 35 out of 50 questions advance in the audition process and are invited to compete in mock games. Those who are approved are notified at a later time and invited to appear on the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.802690505981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Three spin-off versions of Jeopardy! have been created. Rock & Roll Jeopardy! debuted on VH1 in 1998 and ran until 2001; the show centered around post-1950s popular music trivia and was hosted by Jeff Probst. Jep!, which aired on GSN during the 1998–99 season, was a special children's version hosted by Bob Bergen and featured various rule changes from the original version. Sports Jeopardy!, a sports-themed version hosted by Dan Patrick, premiered in 2014 on the Crackle digital service and eventually moved to the cable sports network NBCSN in 2016. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.265653610229492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Only a small number of episodes of the first three Jeopardy! versions survive. From the original NBC daytime version, archived episodes mostly consist of black-and-white kinescopes of the original color videotapes. Various episodes from 1967, 1971, 1973, and 1974 are listed among the holdings of the UCLA Film and Television Archive. The 1964 \"test episode\", Episode No. 2,000 (from February 21, 1972), and a June 1975 episode of the weekly syndicated edition exist at the Paley Center for Media. Incomplete paper records of the NBC-era games exist on microfilm at the Library of Congress. GSN holds The All-New Jeopardy!s premiere and finale in broadcast quality, and aired the latter on December 31, 1999, as part of its \"Y2Play\" marathon. The UCLA Archive holds a copy of a pilot taped for CBS in 1977, and the premiere exists among the Paley Center's holdings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2820844650268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "GSN, which, like Jeopardy!, is an affiliate of Sony Pictures Television, has rerun ten seasons since the channel's launch in 1994. Copies of 43 Trebek-hosted syndicated Jeopardy! episodes aired between 1989 and 2004 have been collected by the UCLA Archive, and the premiere and various other episodes are included in the Paley Center's collection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.530209064483643, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Jeopardy! has won a record 31 Daytime Emmy Awards since 1984. The show holds the record for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game/Audience Participation Show, with fourteen awards won in that category. Another five awards have been won by Trebek for Outstanding Game Show Host. Twelve other awards were won by the show's directors and writers in the respective categories of Outstanding Direction for a Game/Audience Participation Show and Outstanding Special Class Writing before these categories were removed in 2006. On June 17, 2011, Trebek shared the Lifetime Achievement Award with Sajak at the 38th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony. The following year, the show was honored with a Peabody Award for its role in encouraging, celebrating, and rewarding knowledge; as such, it holds the distinction of being the only game show since 1960 to win the Peabody Award.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.436951637268066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "In its April 17–23, 1993 issue, TV Guide named Jeopardy! the best game show of the 1970s as part of a celebration of its 40th anniversary. In January 2001, the magazine ranked the show number 2 on its \"50 Greatest Game Shows\" list—second only to The Price Is Right. It would later rank Jeopardy! number 45 on its list of the 60 Best TV Series of All Time, calling it \"habit-forming\" and saying that the program \"always makes [its viewers] feel smarter\". Also in 2013, the show ranked number 1 on TV Guides list of the 60 Greatest Game Shows. In the summer of 2006, the show was ranked number 2 on GSN's list of the 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time, second only to Match Game. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.46910285949707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Non-tournament events held regularly on the show include Celebrity Jeopardy!, in which celebrities and other notable individuals compete for charitable organizations of their choice; and Kids Week, a special competition for school-age children aged 10 through 12. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.817852973937988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Three International Tournaments, held in 1996, 1997, and 2001, featured one-week competitions among champions from each of the international versions of Jeopardy!. Each of the countries that aired their own version of the show in those years could nominate a contestant. The format was identical to the semifinals and finals of other Jeopardy! tournaments. In 1996 and 1997, the winner received $25,000; in 2001, the top prize was doubled to $50,000. The 1997 tournament was recorded in Stockholm on the set of the Swedish version of Jeopardy!, and is significant for being the first week of Jeopardy! episodes to be taped in a foreign country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.78031063079834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "There have been a number of special tournaments featuring the greatest contestants in Jeopardy! history. The first of these \"all-time best\" tournaments, Super Jeopardy!, aired in the summer of 1990 on ABC, and featured 37 top contestants from the previous seasons of the Trebek version and one notable champion from the original Jeopardy! series competing for a top prize of $250,000. In 1993, that year's Tournament of Champions was followed by a Tenth Anniversary Tournament conducted over five episodes. In May 2002, to commemorate the Trebek version's 4,000th episode, the show invited fifteen champions to play for a $1 million prize in the Million Dollar Masters tournament, which took place at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. The Ultimate Tournament of Champions aired in 2005 and pitted 145 former Jeopardy! champions against each other, with two winners moving on to face Ken Jennings in a three-game final for $2,000,000, the largest prize in the show's history; overall, the tournament spanned 15 weeks and 76 episodes, starting on February 9 and ending on May 25. In 2014, Jeopardy! commemorated the 30th anniversary of the Trebek version with a Battle of the Decades tournament, in which 15 champions apiece from the first, second, and third decades of Jeopardy!s daily syndicated history competed for a grand prize of $1,000,000. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.508075714111328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "In November 1998, Jeopardy! traveled to Boston to reassemble 12 past Teen Tournament contestants for a special Teen Reunion Tournament. In 2008, the 25th season began with reuniting 15 contestants from the first two Kids Weeks to compete in a special reunion tournament of their own. During the next season (2009–10), a special edition of Celebrity Jeopardy!, called the Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational, was played in which twenty-seven contestants from past celebrity episodes competed for a grand prize of $1,000,000 for charity; the grand prize was won by Michael McKean. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.562009811401367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The IBM Challenge aired February 14–16, 2011, and featured IBM's Watson computer facing off against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in a two-game match played over three shows. This was the first man-vs.-machine competition in Jeopardy!s history. Watson won both the first game and the overall match to win the grand prize of $1 million, which IBM divided between two charities (World Vision International and World Community Grid). Jennings, who won $300,000 for second place, and Rutter, who won the $200,000 third-place prize, both pledged to donate half of their winnings to charity. The competition brought the show its highest ratings since the Ultimate Tournament of Champions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.14364242553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Jeopardy!s record for the longest winning streak is held by Ken Jennings, who competed on the show from June 2 through November 30, 2004, winning 74 matches before being defeated by Nancy Zerg in his 75th appearance. He amassed $2,520,700 over his 74 wins and a $2,000 second-place prize in his 75th appearance. At the time, he held the record as the highest money-winner ever on American game shows, and his winning streak increased the show's ratings and popularity to the point where it became TV's highest-rated syndicated program. Jennings later won the $500,000 second-place prize in the Ultimate Tournament of Champions, the $300,000 second-place prize in the IBM Challenge, and the $100,000 second-place prize in the Battle of the Decades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.242301940917969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The highest-earning all-time Jeopardy! contestant is Brad Rutter, who has won a cumulative total of $4,355,102. He became an undefeated champion in 2000 and later won an unprecedented four Jeopardy! tournaments: the 2001 Tournament of Champions, the 2002 Million Dollar Masters Tournament, the 2005 Ultimate Tournament of Champions, and the 2014 Battle of the Decades. Rutter broke Jennings's record for all-time game show winnings when he defeated Jennings and Jerome Vered in the Ultimate Tournament of Champions finals. Jennings regained the record through appearances on various other game shows, culminating in an appearance on Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? on October 10, 2008. In 2014, Rutter regained the title after winning $1,000,000 in the Battle of the Decades, defeating Jennings and Roger Craig in the finals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.63388729095459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Craig is the holder of the all-time record for single-day winnings on Jeopardy!. On the episode that aired September 14, 2010, he amassed a score of $47,000 after the game's first two rounds, then wagered and won an additional $30,000 in the Final Jeopardy! round, finishing with $77,000. The previous single-day record of $75,000 had been set by Jennings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.240390777587891, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The record-holder among female contestants on Jeopardy!—in both number of games and total winnings—is Julia Collins, who amassed $429,100 over 21 games between April 21 and June 2, 2014. She won $428,100 in her 20 games as champion, plus $1,000 for finishing third in her twenty-first game. Collins also achieved the second-longest winning streak on the show, behind Jennings. The streak, which was interrupted in May by the Battle of the Decades, was broken by Brian Loughnane. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.294783592224121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The highest one-day score in a Celebrity Jeopardy! tournament was achieved by comedian Andy Richter during a first round game of the 2009–10 season's \"Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational\", in which he finished with $68,000 for his selected charity, the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.984875679016113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*On \"Questions and Answers\", a season 7 episode of The Golden Girls aired February 8, 1992, Dorothy Zbornak (Bea Arthur) auditions for Jeopardy!, but despite her excellent show of knowledge, she is rejected by a contestant coordinator who feels that America would not root for her. In a dream sequence, Dorothy competes against roommate Rose Nylund (Betty White) and neighbor Charlie Deitz (David Leisure), in a crossover from Empty Nest. Trebek and Griffin appear as themselves in the dream sequence, and Gilbert provides a voice-over. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0492525100708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*A 1988 episode of Mama's Family titled \"Mama on Jeopardy!\" features the titular Mama, Thelma Harper (Vicki Lawrence), competing on the show after her neighbor and friend Iola Boylan (Beverly Archer) is rejected. For most of the game the questions given by Mama are incorrect, but she makes a miraculous comeback near the end and barely qualifies for Final Jeopardy! Her final question given is also incorrect, but she finishes in second place by $1 and wins a trip to Hawaii for herself and her family. Again, Trebek guest stars and Gilbert provides a voice-over.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.076589584350586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*In the Cheers episode \"What Is... Cliff Clavin?\" (1990), the titular mailman, portrayed by John Ratzenberger, appears on the show and racks up an impressive $22,000 going into the Final Jeopardy! round, well ahead of his competitors. Despite having a total that his competitors cannot reach in Final Jeopardy!, Cliff risks all of his winnings on the final clue, which is revealed to be \"Archibald Leach, Bernard Schwartz and Lucille LeSueur\" (the real names of Cary Grant, Tony Curtis, and Joan Crawford, respectively). Cliff's response, \"Who are three people who've never been in my kitchen?\", is deemed incorrect, and he leaves with no money.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.816875457763672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*In \"I Take Thee Quagmire\", a season 4 episode of Family Guy aired March 12, 2006, Mayor Adam West appears as a contestant on Jeopardy!. He spells Trebek's name backwards (as \"Kebert Xela\"), \"sending him back\" to the fifth dimension, in reference to when Mister Mxyzptlk, a nemesis to DC Comics' Superman, is sent to the fifth dimension when someone makes him say his own name backwards. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.50013256072998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*Jeopardy! is featured in a subplot of the 1992 film White Men Can't Jump, in which Gloria Clemente (Rosie Perez) attempts to pass the show's auditions. She succeeds, and ends up appearing on the show, winning over $14,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.927940368652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*In the David Foster Wallace short story \"Little Expressionless Animals\", first published in The Paris Review and later reprinted in Wallace's collection Girl with Curious Hair, a character competes and wins on every Jeopardy! game for three years (a total of 700 episodes), using her winnings to pay for the care of her autistic brother. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.906113147735596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*The Ellen's Energy Adventure attraction at Epcot's Universe of Energy pavilion features a dream sequence in which Ellen DeGeneres plays a Jeopardy! game entirely focused on energy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.85923957824707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*Fleming makes a cameo appearance reprising his role as host of Jeopardy! in the 1982 film Airplane II: The Sequel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.153264999389648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "*The music video \"I Lost on Jeopardy\", a parody of Greg Kihn's 1983 hit song \"Jeopardy\", was released by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in 1984, a few months before Trebek's version debuted; the video featured cameos from Fleming, Pardo, Kihn, and Dr. Demento. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.066612243652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "A DVD titled Jeopardy!: An Inside Look at America's Favorite Quiz Show, released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on November 8, 2005, features five memorable episodes of the Trebek version (the 1984 premiere, Jennings' final game, and the three finals matches of the Ultimate Tournament of Champions) and three featurettes discussing the show's history and question selection process. Other products featuring the Jeopardy! brand include a collectible watch, a series of daily desktop calendars, and various slot machine games for casinos and the Internet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.281529426574707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Jeopardy!s official website, active as early as 1998, receives over 400,000 monthly visitors. The website features videos, photographs, and other information related to each week's contestants, as well as mini-sites promoting remote tapings and special tournaments. As the show changes its main title card and corresponding graphics with every passing season, the Jeopardy! website is re-skinned to reflect the changes, and the general content of the site (such as online tests and promotions, programming announcements, \"spotlight\" segments, photo galleries, and downloadable content) is regularly updated to align with producers' priorities for the show. In its 2012 \"Readers Choice Awards\", About.com praised the official Jeopardy! website for featuring \"everything [visitors] need to know about the show, as well as some fun interactive elements\", and for having a humorous error page. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.855913162231445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "In November 2009, Jeopardy! launched a viewer loyalty program called the \"Jeopardy! Premier Club\", which allowed home viewers to identify Final Jeopardy! categories from episodes for a chance to earn points, and play a weekly Jeopardy! game featuring categories and clues from the previous week's episodes. Every three months, contestants were selected randomly to advance to one of three quarterly online tournaments; after these tournaments were played, the three highest scoring contestants would play one final online tournament for the chance to win $5,000 and a trip to Los Angeles to attend a taping of Jeopardy! The Premier Club was discontinued by July 2011. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.979552268981934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "There is an unofficial Jeopardy! fansite known as the \"J! Archive\" ([http://j-archive.com/ j-archive.com]), which transcribes games from throughout Jeopardy!s daily syndicated history. In the archive, episodes are covered by Jeopardy!-style game boards with panels which, when hovered over with a mouse, reveal the correct response to their corresponding clues and the contestant who gave the correct response. The site makes use of a \"wagering calculator\" that helps potential contestants determine what amount is safest to bet during Final Jeopardy!, and an alternative scoring method called \"Coryat scoring\" that disregards wagering during Daily Doubles or Final Jeopardy! and gauges one's general strength at the game. The site's main founding archivist is Robert Knecht Schmidt, a student from Cleveland, Ohio, who himself appeared as a Jeopardy! contestant in March 2010. Before J! Archive, there was an earlier Jeopardy! fansite known as the \"Jeoparchive\", created by season 19 contestant Ronnie O'Rourke, who managed and updated the site until Jennings' run made her disillusioned with the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.814355850219727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeopardy!" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "On April 1, 1997, Sajak and Alex Trebek traded jobs for the day. Sajak hosted that day's edition of Jeopardy! in place of Trebek, who presided over a special two-contestant Wheel celebrity match between Sajak and White, who were playing for the Boy Scouts of America and the American Cancer Society, respectively; Lesly Sajak, Pat's wife, was the guest hostess for the day. In January and February 2011, the show held a \"Vanna for a Day\" contest in which home viewers submitted video auditions to take White's place for one episode, with the winner determined by a poll on the show's website; the winner of this contest, Katie Cantrell of Wooster, Ohio (a student at the Savannah College of Art and Design), took White's place for the second and third rounds on the episode that aired March 24, 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.807475566864014, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The show's original director was Jeff Goldstein, who was succeeded by Dick Carson in 1978. Mark Corwin, who had served as associate director under Carson, took over for him upon his retirement at the end of the 1998–99 season, and served as such until he himself died in July 2013 (although episodes already taped before his death continued airing until late 2013). Jeopardy! director Kevin McCarthy, Corwin's associate director Bob Cisneros, and Wheel and Jeopardy! technical director Robert Ennis filled in at various points until Cisneros became full-time director in November 2013. Ennis returned as guest director for the weeks airing October 13 through 17 and November 17 through 21, 2014, as Cisneros was recovering from neck surgery at the time of taping. With the start of the 33rd season on September 14, 2015, Ennis was promoted to full-time director. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.521559715270996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "The first pilot used a vertically mounted wheel which was often difficult to see on-screen. Flesh, who also designed the sets for The $25,000 Pyramid and Jeopardy!, designed the wheel mechanism. Originally made mostly of paint and cardboard, the modern wheel mechanism is framed on a steel tube surrounded with Plexiglas and more than 200 lighting instruments, and is held by a stainless steel shaft with roller bearings. Altogether, the wheel weighs approximately 2400 lb. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.388062000274658, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "In addition to \"Changing Keys\", Griffin also composed various incidental music cues for the syndicated version which were used for announcements of prizes in the show's early years. Among them were \"Frisco Disco\" (earlier the closing theme for a revival of Jeopardy! which aired in 1978 and 1979), \"A Time for Tony\" (whose basic melody evolved into \"Think!\", the longtime theme song for Jeopardy! ), \"Buzzword\" (later used as the theme for Merv Griffin's Crosswords), \"Nightwalk\", \"Struttin' on Sunset\", and an untitled vacation cue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.760271072387695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" }, { "answer": "Jeopardy", "passage": "Wheel was the subject of many nominations in GSN's Game Show Awards special, which aired on June 6, 2009. The show was nominated for Best Game Show, but lost to Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?; Sajak and White were nominated for Best Game Show Host, but lost to Deal or No Deals Howie Mandel; and O'Donnell was considered for Best Announcer but lost to Rich Fields from The Price Is Right. One of the catchphrases uttered by contestants, \"I'd like to buy a vowel\", was considered for Favorite Game Show Catch Phrase, but lost to \"Come on down!\", the announcer's catchphrase welcoming new contestants to Price. The sound effect heard at the start of a new regular gameplay round won the award for Favorite Game Show Sound Effect; the sound heard when the wheel lands on Bankrupt was also nominated. Despite having been retired from the show for nearly a decade by that point, \"Changing Keys\" was nominated for Best Game Show Theme Song; however, it lost to its fellow Griffin composition, \"Think!\" from Jeopardy! ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.514399528503418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Danger (disambiguation)", "Danger (song)", "Danger" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "danger", "danger disambiguation", "danger song" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "danger", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Danger" }

[ { "answer": "Danger", "passage": "On their official website, the UK Ministry of Justice revealed that every week they have one person who wants to change their middle name to 'Danger' – inspired by the line in Man of Mystery, \"Danger is my middle name!\". ", "precise_score": -1.8834936618804932, "rough_score": -2.645463228225708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "US-VA", "State of Virginia", "Virginia, USA", "Tenth State", "Religion in Virginia", "Virginia (USA state)", "Virginia (state)", "Commonwealth of VA", "Rest of Virginia", "Virginia", "Mother of Presidents", "Virginia (USA State)", "The Old Dominion", "VA (state)", "Commonwealth of Virginia", "Virginian Commonwealth", "The Mother of Presidents", "Virginia, United States", "Council of Virginia", "Sports in Virginia", "Viginia", "Virginia (U.S. state)", "10th State", "Virgina", "The Commonwealth of Virginia", "VA, USA", "Virginia (State)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "commonwealth of virginia", "sports in virginia", "va state", "rest of virginia", "va usa", "virginia usa state", "10th state", "virginian commonwealth", "us va", "tenth state", "viginia", "commonwealth of va", "mother of presidents", "virginia", "virginia united states", "council of virginia", "virginia usa", "virgina", "old dominion", "state of virginia", "religion in virginia", "virginia state", "virginia u s state" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "virginia", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Virginia" }

[ { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "The Beltway sniper attacks were a series of coordinated shootings that took place over three weeks in October 2002 in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. Ten people were killed and three other victims were critically injured in several locations throughout the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area and along Interstate 95 in Virginia. The rampage was perpetrated by John Allen Muhammad (then aged 42) and Lee Boyd Malvo (then 17), driving a blue 1990 Chevrolet Caprice sedan. Their crime spree began in February 2002 with murders and robberies in the states of Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, and Washington, which resulted in seven deaths and seven injuries, bringing the ten-month shooting spree total to 17 deaths and 10 injuries. ", "precise_score": 4.654237270355225, "rough_score": 5.076551914215088, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "During their trials in the fall of 2003, involving two of the victims in Virginia, Muhammad and Malvo were each found guilty of murder and weapons charges. The jury in Muhammad's case recommended that he be sentenced to death, while Malvo's jury recommended a sentence of life in prison without parole instead of the death penalty. The judges concurred in both cases. Alabama law enforcement authorities allege that the snipers engaged in a series of previously unconnected attacks prior to October 2 in Montgomery, Alabama. Other charges are also pending in Maryland and other communities in Virginia.", "precise_score": -0.07756462693214417, "rough_score": -0.3443745970726013, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "\"Muhammad, with his sniper team partner, Malvo, randomly selected innocent victims,\" Virginia Supreme Court Justice Donald Lemons wrote in the decision. \"With calculation, extensive planning, premeditation and ruthless disregard for life, Muhammad carried out his cruel scheme of terror.\"", "precise_score": -0.6644930243492126, "rough_score": -2.4133732318878174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "In John Allen Muhammad's May 2006 trial in Montgomery County, Maryland, Lee Boyd Malvo took the stand and confessed to the 17 murders. He also gave a more detailed version of the pair's plans. Malvo, after extensive psychological counseling, admitted that he was lying at the earlier Virginia trial where he had admitted to being the trigger man for every shooting. Malvo claimed that he had said this in order to protect Muhammad from a potential death sentence, and because it was more difficult to obtain the death penalty for a minor. Malvo said that he wanted to do what little he could for the families of the victims by letting the full story be told. In his two days of testimony, Malvo outlined detailed aspects of all the shootings.", "precise_score": -0.07934635877609253, "rough_score": 2.6394050121307373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Muhammad was executed by lethal injection at the Greensville Correctional Center in Jarratt, Virginia on November 10, 2009. The execution procedure began at 9:06 p.m. EST; Muhammad was pronounced dead five minutes later. It was reported that when asked if he had any last words, Muhammad made no reply. Twenty-seven people, including victims' family members, witnessed his execution.", "precise_score": -0.23927508294582367, "rough_score": -1.0870532989501953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Born as John Allen Williams, Muhammad joined the Nation of Islam in 1987 and later changed his surname to Muhammad. At Muhammad's trial, the prosecutor claimed that the rampage was part of a plot to kill his ex-wife and regain custody of his children, but the judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to support this argument.[http://edition.cnn.com/2003/LAW/11/19/sprj.dcsp.muhammad.trial/index.html CNN.com – \"Muhammad told ex-wife, 'I will kill you', she says\"], CNN, November 20, 2003.Horwitz, Ruane. Sniper: Inside the Hunt for the Killers Who Terrorized the Nation: Random House (ISBN 0-345-47662-X) His trial for one of the murders (the murder of Dean Harold Meyers in Prince William County, Virginia) began in October 2003, and the following month he was found guilty of capital murder. Four months later he was sentenced to death. While awaiting execution in Virginia, in August 2005, he was extradited to Maryland to face some of the charges there, for which he was convicted of six counts of first-degree murder on May 30, 2006.", "precise_score": 2.235589027404785, "rough_score": 6.774868011474609, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On November 17, 2003, by verdict of his jury, Muhammad was convicted in Virginia of all four counts in the indictment against him: capital murder for the shooting of Dean H. Meyers; a second charge of capital murder under Virginia's antiterrorism statute, for homicide committed with an intent to terrorize the government or the public at large; conspiracy to commit murder; and the illegal use of a firearm. In the penalty phase of the trial, the jury, after five hours of deliberation over two days, unanimously recommended that Muhammad should be sentenced to death. On March 9, 2004, a Virginia judge agreed with the jury's recommendation and sentenced John Allen Muhammad to death.", "precise_score": 2.3060483932495117, "rough_score": 5.140450477600098, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On May 30, 2006, a Maryland jury found John Allen Muhammad guilty of six counts of murder in Maryland. In return, he was sentenced to six consecutive life terms without possibility of parole on June 1, 2006. Neither Alabama, Arizona, Louisiana, or Washington State moved to try Muhammad, given his death sentence for murder in Virginia. In 2006, Malvo confessed that the pair also killed victims in California, Arizona, and Texas, making 14 victims.", "precise_score": 1.6799249649047852, "rough_score": -0.9613113403320312, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "In John Allen Muhammad's May 2006 trial in Montgomery County, Maryland, Lee Boyd Malvo, who is serving a sentence of life without parole for his role in the shootings, took the stand and confessed to a more detailed version of the pair's plans. Malvo, after extensive psychological counseling, admitted that he was lying at the earlier Virginia trial where he had admitted to being the triggerman for every shooting. Malvo claimed that he had said this in order to protect John Allen Muhammad from the potential death penalty, because it was more difficult to achieve the death penalty for a minor. Malvo said that he wanted to do what little he could for the families of the victims by letting the full story be told. In his two days of testimony, Malvo outlined many very detailed aspects of all the shootings.", "precise_score": 0.8615953326225281, "rough_score": 4.060563087463379, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On September 16, 2009, a Virginia judge set a November 10, 2009, execution date for Muhammad. On November 9, 2009, the Supreme Court of the United States refused a last-minute appeal. On November 10, hours before Muhammad's scheduled execution, pleas for clemency made by his attorneys were denied by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine. ", "precise_score": -1.4812557697296143, "rough_score": -2.6752328872680664, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* October 2002 Beltway sniper attacks: During three weeks in October 2002, John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo killed 10 people and critically injured 3 others in Washington D.C., Baltimore, and Virginia. The pair were also suspected of earlier shootings in Maryland, Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Louisiana, and Washington state. No motivation was given at the trial, but evidence presented showed an affinity to the cause of the Islamic jihad.", "precise_score": 5.758212566375732, "rough_score": 6.484585285186768, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "In September 2003, Muhammad was sentenced to death. One month later, Malvo was sentenced to six consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole. On November 10, 2009, Muhammad was executed by lethal injection at the Greensville Correctional Center near Jarratt, Virginia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.994934558868408, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Virginia and other areas", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375162124633789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* On October 4, 43-year-old homemaker Caroline Seawell was wounded at 2:30 p.m. in the parking lot of another Michaels store at Spotsylvania Mall in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, while she was loading purchases into her minivan. By this point, hundreds of journalists had converged to cover the unfolding events. Schools officials reassured the public that they were taking every measure possible to protect children: by tightening security and cancelling all outdoor activities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.793594360351562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* On October 9 at 8:18 p.m., 53-year-old civil engineer Dean Harold Meyers was shot dead while pumping gasoline at a Sunoco gas station at 7203 Sudley Road in Prince William County, Virginia, near the city of Manassas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.576858520507812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* On the morning of October 11 at 9:30 a.m., 53-year-old businessman Kenneth Bridges was shot dead while pumping fuel at an Exxon station off Interstate 95 in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Fredericksburg. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.48766803741455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* On October 14, at 9:15 p.m., 47-year-old Linda Franklin (née Moore), an FBI intelligence analyst who was a resident of Arlington County, Virginia, was shot dead at Arlington Boulevard and Patrick Henry Drive after she finished shopping at a Home Depot with her husband in Fairfax County, Virginia, just outside Falls Church at Seven Corners Shopping Center. The police received what seemed to be a very good lead after the October 14 shooting, but it was later determined that the witness was inside the Home Depot at the time and was lying. The witness was subsequently arrested for interfering with the investigation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.11370849609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On October 19 at 8:00 p.m., 37-year-old Jeffrey Hopper was shot in a parking lot near the Ponderosa steakhouse at State Route 54 in Ashland, Virginia, about 90 miles south of Washington, near Interstate 95. Authorities discovered a four-page letter from the shooter in the woods that demanded $10 million and made a threat to children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.610878944396973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "The investigation was publicly headed by the Montgomery County Police Department (MCPD) and its chief, Charles Moose. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the FBI, the U.S. Secret Service, the Virginia Department of Transportation, and police departments in other jurisdictions where shootings took place, provided assistance in the investigation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.471449851989746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "A telephone call from the shooter(s) was traced to a pay telephone at a gasoline station in Henrico County, Virginia. Police missed the suspects by a matter of a few minutes, and initially detained occupants of a van at another pay telephone at the same intersection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.910791397094727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "While imprisoned, Malvo wrote a number of erratic diatribes about what he termed \"jihad\" against the United States. \"I have been accused on my mission. Allah knows I'm gonna suffer now\", he wrote. Because his rants and drawings featured not only such figures as Osama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussein, but also characters from the film series The Matrix, these musings were dismissed as immaterial. Some investigators reportedly said they had all but eliminated terrorist ties or political ideologies as a motive. Nonetheless, in at least one of the ensuing murder trials, a Virginia court found Muhammad guilty of killing \"pursuant to the direction or order\" of terrorism. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.755951404571533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Virginia trials", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349398612976074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Change of venue requests by defense attorneys were granted, and the first trials were held in the independent cities of Chesapeake and Virginia Beach in southeastern Virginia, more than 100 mi from the closest alleged attack (in Ashland, Virginia).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.896607398986816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "In March 2005, the Supreme Court ruled in Roper v. Simmons that the Eighth Amendment prohibits execution for crimes committed when under the age of 18. In light of this Supreme Court decision, the prosecutors in Prince William County decided not to pursue the charges against Malvo. Prosecutors in Maryland, Louisiana, and Alabama were still interested in putting both Malvo and Muhammad on trial. As Malvo was 17 when he committed the crimes, he could no longer face the death penalty but still could be extradited to Alabama, Louisiana, and other states for prosecution. At the time of the Roper v. Simmons ruling, Malvo was 20 years old and was held at Virginia's maximum security Red Onion State Prison in Pound in Wise County.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.772168159484863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Muhammad's death penalty was affirmed by the Virginia Supreme Court on April 22, 2005, when it ruled that he could be sentenced to death because the murder was part of an act of terrorism. This line of reasoning was based on the handwritten note demanding $10 million. The court rejected an argument by defense lawyers that Muhammad could not be sentenced to death because he was not the triggerman in the killings linked to him and Malvo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.55505895614624, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On September 16, the circuit court judge Mary Grace O'Brien set an execution date by lethal injection for November 10, 2009. His attorneys petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to stay his execution, but it was denied. They also requested clemency from current Virginia Governor Tim Kaine, but this was denied as well. The execution began shortly after 9 p.m. on November 10, and he was pronounced dead at 9:11 p.m. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.242781639099121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "In May 2005, Virginia and Maryland announced that they had reached agreements to allow Maryland to proceed with prosecuting charges there, where the most shootings occurred. There were media reports that Malvo and his legal team were willing to negotiate his cooperation, and he waived extradition to Maryland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.262655258178711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Muhammad and his legal team responded by fighting extradition to Maryland. Muhammad's legal team was ultimately unsuccessful, and extradition was ordered by a Virginia judge in August 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.516077995300293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Maryland agreed to transfer Muhammad and Malvo back to the Commonwealth of Virginia after their trials. A date for Muhammad's pending execution in Virginia had been set for November 10, 2009. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.363543510437012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On May 6, 2008, it was revealed that Muhammad had asked prosecutors in a letter to help him end legal appeals of his conviction and death sentence \"so that you can murder this innocent black man.\" An appeal filed by Muhammad's defense lawyers in April 2008 cited evidence of brain damage that might render Muhammad incompetent to make legal decisions, and that he should not have been allowed to represent himself at his Virginia trial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.583382606506348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beltway sniper attacks" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Upon completion of the trial activity in Maryland, Muhammad was returned to Virginia's death row pending an agreement with another state or the District of Columbia seeking to try him. He was not tried on additional charges in other Virginia jurisdictions, and faced potential trials in three other states and the District of Columbia involving other deaths and serious woundings. All appeals of his conviction for killing Dean Harold Meyers had been made and rejected. Appeals for Muhammad's other trials remained pending at the time of his execution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.185355186462402, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Muhammad was executed by lethal injection on November 10, 2009, at 9:06 p.m. EST at the Greensville Correctional Center near Jarratt, Virginia, and was pronounced dead at 9:11 p.m. EST. Muhammad declined to make a final statement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.863224506378174, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Muhammad was captured in Maryland, where most of the attacks and murders took place. Although Maryland sought to bring him to trial, United States attorney general John Ashcroft reassigned the case from the Maryland prosecutor Doug Gansler, a Democrat, to a Republican prosecutor in Virginia, Jerry W. Kilgore. Kilgore was planning to run for governor. Virginia was viewed as the more likely jurisdiction to provide a death sentence, which was borne out by the Virginia and Maryland verdicts, and Virginia also allowed the death penalty for juveniles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.464413642883301, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "In October 2003, Muhammad went on trial for the murder of Dean Meyers at a Prince William County service station near the city of Manassas. The trial had been moved from Prince William County, to Virginia Beach, approximately 200 miles away. Muhammad was granted the right to represent himself in his defense, and dismissed his legal counsel, though he immediately switched back to having legal representation after his opening argument.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.564427852630615, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Muhammad's defense asked the court to drop the capital murder charges due to the fact that there was no direct evidence. Malvo's fingerprints were on the Bushmaster rifle found in Muhammad's car, and genetic material from Muhammad himself was also discovered on the rifle, but the defense contended that Muhammad could not be put to death under Virginia's \"trigger-man law\" unless he actually pulled the trigger to kill Meyers, and no one testified that they saw him do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2378435134887695, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On April 22, 2005, the Virginia Supreme Court affirmed his death penalty, stating that Muhammad could be sentenced to death because the murder was part of an act of terrorism. The court also rejected an argument by defense lawyers that he could not be sentenced to death because he was not the triggerman in the killings. Virginia Supreme Court Justice Donald W. Lemons said at the time, \"With calculation, extensive planning, premeditation and ruthless disregard for life, Muhammad carried out his cruel scheme of terror.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.206300258636475, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "In May 2005, Maryland and Virginia reached an agreement to allow his extradition to face Maryland charges, but Muhammad was fighting the action legally. He was held at the maximum security Sussex I State Prison near Waverly in Sussex County, Virginia, which houses Virginia's male death row inmates. While awaiting execution in Virginia, in August 2005, he was extradited to Montgomery County, Maryland to face charges there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.707661151885986, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On May 6, 2008, it was revealed that Muhammad asked prosecutors in a letter to help him end legal appeals of his conviction and death sentence \"so that you can murder this innocent black man.\" An appeal filed by Muhammad's defense lawyers in April 2008 cited evidence of brain damage that would render Muhammad incompetent to make legal decisions, and that he should not have been allowed to represent himself at his Virginia trial. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9525604248046875, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "On September 16, 2009, Muhammad's execution date was set for November 10, 2009. On November 9, 2009, Muhammad's petition for review of his death sentence was denied by the U.S. Supreme Court. Justice Stevens, joined by Justice Ginsburg and Justice Sotomayor wrote a separate opinion stating that Virginia's rush to set an execution date \"highlights once again the perversity of executing inmates before their appeals process has been fully concluded\", while noting that they concurred with the decision that the appeal ought not be heard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.346697807312012, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Under Virginia law, an inmate is allowed to choose the method by which he or she will be put to death, either lethal injection or electrocution. Because Muhammad declined to select a method, by law, the method of lethal injection was selected for him. He was offered a selection of a last meal, which he accepted, but refused publication of its contents. J. Wyndal Gordon, Muhammad's attorney, told the Associated Press that Muhammad's last meal consisted of \"chicken and red sauce, and ... some cakes\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.264494895935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "Muhammed declined to make a final statement, and the execution began at 9:00 p.m. EST at the Greensville Correctional Center in Jarratt, Virginia. According to the official statement of the prison spokesperson, the actual lethal injection process started at 9:06 pm EST. He was then pronounced dead at 9:11 p.m. EST. His body was cremated and the ashes given to his son in Louisiana. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.207942008972168, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Allen Muhammad" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* January 25, 1993: CIA Shooting — Pakistani Mir Qazi (a/k/a Mir Aimal Kansi), outraged by U.S. policy toward Palestinians, opens fire on cars stopped at a traffic signal outside CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia. He kills 2 and injures 3, then escapes to Pakistan. He is subsequently apprehended, confesses, is tried and executed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.055279731750488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* December 30, 1994: Anti-abortion activist John C. Salvi III shoots and kills 2 employees and injures 5 others in a rampage attack at a Planned Parenthood clinic in Brookline, Massachusetts. Salvi escapes and drives to Norfolk, Virginia, where Army of God (United States) spokesman Rev. Donald Spitz resides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.907442092895508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* December 31, 1994: Salvi attacks the Planned Parenthood clinic in Norfolk, Virginia. A security guard returns fire and Salvi flees. Salvi is apprehended shortly after, and has in his possession Army of God (United States) spokesman Donald Spitz's name and unlisted telephone number.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.529455184936523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* September 11, 2001: The September 11 attacks were carried out against the United States by the Al Queda Network, killing 2,507 civilians, 343 firefighters, 72 law enforcement officers, 55 military personnel, and 19 perpetrators. Four domestic commercial airliners were hijacked simultaneously while flying within the Northeastern United States; two flew directly into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, the third into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and the fourth (thanks to the revolt by the passengers and crew members) into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, during a failed attempt to destroy its intended target in Washington, D.C., either the White House or the United States Capitol. The Twin Towers were ultimately destroyed, and the Pentagon received extensive damage in the western side of the building. Building 7 of the World Trade Center was also destroyed in the attack, though there were no casualties.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.837967872619629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* March 4, 2010: 2010 Pentagon shooting: John Patrick Bedell shot and wounded two Pentagon police officers at a security checkpoint in the Pentagon station of the Washington Metro rapid transit system in Arlington County, Virginia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.218178749084473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* 1983: Joseph Grace set the Hillcrest clinic in Norfolk, Virginia ablaze. He was arrested while sleeping in his van a few blocks from the clinic when an alert patrol officer noticed the smell of kerosene.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.464929580688477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* 1994: Two receptionists, Shannon Lowney and Lee Ann Nichols, were killed in two clinic attacks in Brookline, Massachusetts. 5 others critically injured. John Salvi was arrested and confessed to the killings. He died in prison and guards found his body under his bed with a plastic garbage bag tied around his head. Salvi had also confessed to a non-lethal attack in Norfolk, Virginia days before the Brookline killings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.991453170776367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* 2007: An unidentified person deliberately set fire to a Planned Parenthood clinic in Virginia Beach, Virginia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.912528991699219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* October 1996: Seven members of the Mountaineer Militia are arrested in a plot to blow up the FBI's national Criminal Justice Information Services Division in Clarksburg, West Virginia. In 1998, leader Floyd \"Ray\" Looker, will be sentenced to 18 years in prison. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.166704177856445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* February 28, 1865 Dahlgren Affair: Alleged plot by Union General Judson Kilpatrick to burn down Richmond, Virginia and kill Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his Cabinet. Allegations based on papers recovered by a 13-year-old member of the Confederate home guard. The authenticity of the papers have been a matter of dispute. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.68001651763916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* November 11, 1996: Seven members of the Mountaineer Militia are arrested in a plot to blow up the FBI fingerprint records center in West Virginia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.701122283935547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* August – September 2009: On September 24, William Boyd and Hysen Sherifi charged with \"conducting reconnaissance of the Marine Corps base at Quantico, Virginia and obtaining armor-piercing ammunition with the intent to attack Americans\". Boyd, two of his sons and several other suspects had been charged on international terrorism charges in August, but at the time there was no indication that they wanted to plot a United States attack. An audio tape of Boyd decrying the U.S. military, discussing the honor of martyrdom, and bemoaning the struggle of Muslims was played at an August hearing. It is the first case of a ring of homegrown terrorists having specific targets. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.2330322265625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "passage": "* 2012 February 17: Amine El Khalifi a Moroccan man from Alexandria, Virginia arrested in alleged suicide bombing plot of U.S. Capital. Was arrested was a result of F.B.I. sting operation. As a result of a plea agreement El Khalifi was sentenced to 30 years in prison on September 14. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1573615074157715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terrorism in the United States" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "English bulldog", "List of Bulldogs in popular culture", "Bulldog", "Bull dog", "Bulldawg", "English Bulldog", "Bulldogs", "New English Bulldog" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "new english bulldog", "bulldog", "english bulldog", "bull dog", "bulldawg", "list of bulldogs in popular culture", "bulldogs" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "bulldog", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Bulldog" }

[ { "answer": "Bulldog", "passage": "* 1932: While recuperating from an operation, Alfred Fellows Masury, Mack's chief engineer, carved the first bulldog hood ornament. Masury applied for and received a patent for his design; the bulldog ornament has adorned Mack trucks ever since.", "precise_score": 0.346452921628952, "rough_score": 3.6730916500091553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mack Trucks" }, { "answer": "Bulldog", "passage": "A 1984 Mack Superliner, owned by J.R. Collins Pulling Team, is also officially sponsored by Mack. The truck (named \"Buckeye Bulldog\") runs in the NTPA (National Tractor Pulling Association) in the \"Super Semi\" class.", "precise_score": -0.25250697135925293, "rough_score": 3.4899961948394775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mack Trucks" }, { "answer": "Bulldog", "passage": "*1922: The company name is changed to Mack Trucks, Inc. The bulldog is accepted as the company's corporate symbol.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3337699174880981, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mack Trucks" }, { "answer": "Bulldog", "passage": "*World War I: Mack delivers over 6,000 trucks, both to the United States and Britain's military. A legend surfaces that British soldiers would call for Mack Bulldogs to be sent when facing adversity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2756091356277466, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mack Trucks" }, { "answer": "Bulldog", "passage": "*1932: The Bulldog starts to travel on the hoods of Mack trucks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.11751389503479, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mack Trucks" }, { "answer": "Bulldog", "passage": "The heavy duty AC, with its well known tapered hood, was the truck which started the bulldog theme. A 377 CID 4 cylinder gasoline engine 4X2 with chain drive, it was strong, reliable, and worked well in rough terrain. Introduced in 1916, there was a great demand because of World War I, over 6000 3 1/2, 5 1/2, and 7 1/2 ton trucks were built for the UK and US military. There were also commercial sales from 1916, the AC was well suited for logging and construction work. A larger version, the AP, built between 1926 and 1938, was an off-road haul truck used on Boulder dam and other large projects. 40,299 ACs had been built when production ended in 1939.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.119025230407715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mack Trucks" }, { "answer": "Bulldog", "passage": "The company's trademark is the bulldog. It can be found on the front of almost all Mack trucks. A Mack truck with a gold-plated bulldog indicates that the truck was made with a Maxidyne engine. Trucks made with any other engine came with a chrome bulldog.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6958204507827759, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mack Trucks" }, { "answer": "Bulldog", "passage": "Mack trucks earned this nickname in 1917, during World War I, when the British government purchased the Mack AC model to supply its front lines with troops, food and equipment. British soldiers dubbed the truck the \"Bulldog Mack\", because they said it had \"the tenacity of a bulldog.\" Its pugnacious, blunt-nosed hood, coupled with its incredible durability, reminded the soldiers of the tenacious qualities of their country's mascot, the British Bulldog.[http://www.macktrucks.com/default.aspx?pageid", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.066375732421875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mack Trucks" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Warner Bros. Inc.", "Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc", "Warner bros", "Warner Bro's", "Warner Bros. Studio", "Warner Brothers", "WB Shield", "Warner Brothers Recordings", "Warner Bros. Entertainment Company", "Wild Guns (film)", "Warner Brothers Entertainment", "Warner Brothers Corporation", "Warnerbros", "Warner Brothers Studio", "Warner Bros. Pictures Distribution", "Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.", "Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc.", "WB Studios", "Warmer Bros.", "Warner Bros. Pictures Inc.", "Warners", "Warner Brothers Inc.", "Warner Bros. Entertainment", "The Warner Brothers Studio", "Warner Bro", "Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc.", "Warner Bros.", "Warner Brothers Japan", "Warner Bros", "Warner Brothers Pictures", "Warner Bros. Pictures", "Warner Bros. Studios", "Warnerbros.com", "Warner Brothers Studios", "Warner Brothers International Television" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "warner bro s", "warners", "warner bros pictures", "warner bros pictures inc", "warner brothers pictures inc", "warner bros entertainment inc", "wb studios", "wb shield", "warner brothers international television", "warner brothers entertainment", "warner brothers studio", "warner bros studio", "warnerbros", "warner brothers japan", "warner bros studios", "warnerbros com", "wild guns film", "warner bros entertainment company", "warner bros pictures distribution", "warner brothers", "warner bros entertainment", "warner brothers recordings", "warner brothers inc", "warner brothers corporation", "warner bros", "warner brothers studios", "warner bros inc", "warner bro", "warmer bros", "warner brothers pictures" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "warner bros", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Warner Bros" }

[ { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character, created by the staff of Leon Schlesinger Productions (later Warner Bros. Cartoons) and voiced originally by the \"Man of a Thousand Voices,\" Mel Blanc. Bugs is best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short films, produced by Warner Bros. during the golden age of American animation. His popularity during this era led to his becoming an American cultural icon, as well as a corporate mascot of Warner Bros. Entertainment. ", "precise_score": 4.5249924659729, "rough_score": 1.0691332817077637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "Bugs' popularity soared during World War II because of his free and easy attitude, and he began receiving special star billing in his cartoons by 1943. By that time Warner Bros. had become the most profitable cartoon studio in the United States. In company with cartoon studios such as Disney and Famous Studios, Warners pitted its characters against Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and the Japanese. Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips (1944) features Bugs at odds with a group of Japanese soldiers. This cartoon has since been pulled from distribution due to its depiction of Japanese people. He also faces off against Hermann Göring and Hitler in Herr Meets Hare (1945), which introduced his well-known reference to Albuquerque as he mistakenly winds up in the Black Forest of 'Joimany' instead of Las Vegas, Nevada. Bugs also appeared in the 1942 two-minute U.S. war bonds commercial film Any Bonds Today?, along with Porky and Elmer.", "precise_score": 2.774655342102051, "rough_score": 1.6515576839447021, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "Bugs later appeared in another animated production featuring numerous characters from rival studios: the 1990 drug prevention TV special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue. This special is notable for being the first time that someone other than Blanc voiced Bugs and Daffy (both characters were voiced by Jeff Bergman for this). Bugs also made guest appearances in the early 1990s television series Tiny Toon Adventures, as the principal of Acme Looniversity and the mentor of Buster Bunny. He made further cameos in Warner Bros.' subsequent animated TV shows Taz-Mania, Animaniacs and Histeria!", "precise_score": 1.3974685668945312, "rough_score": -0.18844738602638245, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "The following are the various vocal artists who have voiced Bugs Bunny over the last 75-plus years for Warner Bros.' animated productions:", "precise_score": 1.7009525299072266, "rough_score": -1.4436887502670288, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "By the mid-1920s, the evolution of a handful of American production companies into wealthy motion picture industry conglomerates that owned their own studios, distribution divisions, and theaters, and contracted with performers and other filmmaking personnel, led to the sometimes confusing equation of \"studio\" with \"production company\" in industry slang. Five large companies, 20th Century Fox, RKO Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros., and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer came to be known as the \"Big Five,\" the \"majors,\" or \"the Studios\" in trade publications such as Variety, and their management structures and practices collectively came to be known as the \"studio system.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.558318138122559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Film studio" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "*Warner Bros. (USA)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.182544708251953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Film studio" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray hare or rabbit who is famous for his flippant, insouciant personality; a pronounced New York accent; his portrayal as a trickster; and his catch phrase \"Eh... What's up, doc?\", usually said while chewing a carrot. Though a similar rabbit character began appearing in the Warner Bros. cartoon shorts during the late 1930s, the definitive character of Bugs Bunny is widely credited to have made his debut in director Tex Avery's Oscar-nominated film A Wild Hare (1940).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.992486000061035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "While Porky's Hare Hunt was the first Warner Bros. cartoon to feature a Bugs Bunny-like rabbit, A Wild Hare, directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27, 1940, is widely considered to be the first official Bugs Bunny cartoon. It is the first film where both Elmer Fudd and Bugs (both redesigned by Bob Givens) are shown in their fully developed forms as hunter and tormentor, respectively; the first in which Mel Blanc uses what would become Bugs' standard voice; and the first in which Bugs uses his catchphrase, \"What's up, Doc?\" A Wild Hare was a huge success in theaters and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Cartoon Short Subject. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.5851240158081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "By 1942, Bugs had become the number one star of Merrie Melodies. The series was originally intended only for one-shot characters in films after several early attempts to introduce characters (Foxy, Goopy Geer and Piggy) failed under Harman–Ising. By the mid-1930s, under Leon Schlesinger, Merrie Melodies started introducing newer characters. Bugs Bunny Gets the Boid (1942) shows a slight redesign of Bugs, with less-prominent front teeth and a rounder head. The character was reworked by Robert McKimson, then an animator in Clampett's unit. The redesign at first was only used in the films created by Clampett's unit, but in time it would be taken up by the other directors, with Freleng and Frank Tashlin the first. When McKimson was himself promoted to director, he created yet another version, with more slanted eyes, longer teeth and a much larger mouth. He used this version until 1949 (as did Art Davis for the one Bugs Bunny film he directed) when he started using the version he had designed for Clampett. Jones would come up with his own slight modification, and the voice had slight variations between the units. Bugs also made cameos in Avery's final Warner Bros. cartoon, Crazy Cruise. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.8961591720581055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "Since Bugs' debut in A Wild Hare, he appeared only in color Merrie Melodies films (making him one of the few recurring characters created for that series in the Schlesinger era prior to the full conversion to color), alongside Elmer predecessor Egghead, Inki, Sniffles, and Elmer himself. While Bugs made a cameo in Porky Pig's Feat (1943), this was his only appearance in a black-and-white Looney Tunes film. He did not star in a Looney Tunes film until that series made its complete conversion to only color cartoons beginning in 1944. Buckaroo Bugs was Bugs' first film in the Looney Tunes series, and was also the last Warner Bros. cartoon to credit Schlesinger (as he had retired and sold his studio to Warner Bros. that year).[http://www.davemackey.com/animation/wb/1944.html Warner Bros. Cartoon Releases - 1944]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.6845555305480957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "After World War II, Bugs continued to appear in numerous Warner Bros. cartoons, making his last \"Golden Age\" appearance in False Hare (1964). He starred in over 167 theatrical short films, most of which were directed by Friz Freleng, Robert McKimson and Chuck Jones. Freleng's Knighty Knight Bugs (1958), in which a medieval Bugs trades blows with Yosemite Sam and his fire-breathing dragon (which has a cold), won an Academy Award for Best Cartoon Short Subject (becoming the first Bugs Bunny cartoon to win said award). Three of Jones' films — Rabbit Fire, Rabbit Seasoning, and Duck! Rabbit, Duck! — compose what is often referred to as the \"Rabbit Season/Duck Season\" trilogy and are famous for originating the \"historic\" rivalry between Bugs and Daffy Duck. Jones' classic What's Opera, Doc? (1957), casts Bugs and Elmer Fudd in a parody of Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. It was deemed \"culturally significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1992, becoming the first cartoon short to receive this honor.[http://www.loc.gov/film/titles.html National Film Registry: 1989-2007]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.366058826446533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warners", "passage": "In the fall of 1960, ABC debuted the prime-time television program The Bugs Bunny Show. This show packaged many of the post-1948 Warners cartoons with newly animated wraparounds. After two seasons, it was moved from its evening slot to reruns on Saturday mornings. The Bugs Bunny Show changed format and exact title frequently, but remained on network television for 40 years. The packaging was later completely different, with each cartoon simply presented on its own, title and all, though some clips from the new bridging material were sometimes used as filler. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2076125144958496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "From the late 1970s through the early 1990s, Bugs was featured in various animated specials for network television, such as Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet, Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales and Bugs Bunny's Bustin' Out All Over. Bugs also starred in several theatrical compilation features during this time, including the United Artists-distributed documentary Bugs Bunny: Superstar (1975) and Warner Bros.' own efforts The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie (1979), The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie (1981), Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales (1982) and Daffy Duck's Quackbusters (1988).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6299219131469727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "In the 1988 live-action/animated comedy, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Bugs appeared as one of the inhabitants of Toontown. However, since the film was being produced by Disney, Warner Bros. would only allow the use of their biggest star if he got an equal amount of screen time as Disney's biggest star, Mickey Mouse. Because of this, both characters are always together in frame when onscreen. Roger Rabbit was also one of the final productions in which Mel Blanc voiced Bugs (as well as the other Looney Tunes characters) before his death in 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.227712631225586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Brothers", "passage": "In many of Bugs' appearances in the 1940s Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes shorts, his carrot-chewing made its way into the opening sequence of the cartoon. In these cases, Bugs would be lying atop the Warner Brothers shield logo as it came onto the screen and eating his carrot. After a few seconds, Bugs would stop eating and shoot the audience a dirty look for staring at him. From there, one of two things would happen. Frequently, the open would simply dissolve into the cartoon series logo, but on occasion Bugs would reach up to the top of the screen and pull the logo down like a curtain to give himself some privacy. This formed the basis for the later intro to Bugs' cartoons, where he would pull the bottom of the screen up and be shown sitting atop his own intro screen while eating a carrot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.429276466369629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Warner Bros", "passage": "Like Mickey Mouse for Disney, Bugs Bunny has served as the mascot for Warner Bros. and its various divisions. According to Guinness World Records, Bugs has appeared in more films (both short and feature-length) than any other cartoon character and is the ninth most-portrayed film personality in the world. On December 10, 1985, Bugs became the second cartoon character (after Mickey) to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.080278158187866, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Copper and Zinc" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "copper and zinc" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "copper and zinc", "type": "FreeForm", "value": "Copper and Zinc" }

[ { "answer": "Copper and Zinc", "passage": "Brass is a metal alloy made of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure.", "precise_score": 7.852344512939453, "rough_score": 6.880385875701904, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brass" }, { "answer": "Copper and Zinc", "passage": "Brass has higher malleability than bronze or zinc. The relatively low melting point of brass (900 to 940 °C, 1652 to 1724 °F, depending on composition) and its flow characteristics make it a relatively easy material to cast. By varying the proportions of copper and zinc, the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses. The density of brass is approximately .303 lb/cubic inch, 8.4 to 8.73 grams per cubic centimetre. ", "precise_score": 4.108616828918457, "rough_score": 1.2019529342651367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brass" }, { "answer": "Copper and Zinc", "passage": "Although forms of brass have been in use since prehistory, its true nature as a copper-zinc alloy was not understood until the post medieval period because the zinc vapor which reacted with copper to make brass was not recognised as a metal. The King James Bible makes many references to \"brass\". The Shakespearean English form of the word 'brass' can mean any bronze alloy, or copper, rather than the strict modern definition of brass. The earliest brasses may have been natural alloys made by smelting zinc-rich copper ores.Craddock, P.T. and Eckstein, K (2003) \"Production of Brass in Antiquity by Direct Reduction\" in Craddock, P.T. and Lang, J. (eds) Mining and Metal Production Through the Ages London: British Museum pp. 226–7 By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process and variations on this method continued until the mid-19th century. It was eventually replaced by speltering, the direct alloying of copper and zinc metal which was introduced to Europe in the 16th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.008229456841945648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brass" }, { "answer": "Copper and Zinc", "passage": "During the later part of first millennium BC the use of brass spread across a wide geographical area from Britain and Spain in the west to Iran, and India in the east. This seems to have been encouraged by exports and influence from the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean where deliberate production of brass from metallic copper and zinc ores had been introduced. The 4th century BC writer Theopompus, quoted by Strabo, describes how heating earth from Andeira in Turkey produced \"droplets of false silver\", probably metallic zinc, which could be used to turn copper into oreichalkos. In the 1st century BC the Greek Dioscorides seems to have recognised a link between zinc minerals and brass describing how Cadmia (zinc oxide) was found on the walls of furnaces used to heat either zinc ore or copper and explaining that it can then be used to make brass. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.14611291885376, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brass" }, { "answer": "Copper and Zinc", "passage": "Brass was produced by the cementation process where copper and zinc ore are heated together until zinc vapor is produced which reacts with the copper. There is good archaeological evidence for this process and crucibles used to produce brass by cementation have been found on Roman period sites including Xanten and Nidda in Germany, Lyon in France and at a number of sites in Britain. They vary in size from tiny acorn sized to large amphorae like vessels but all have elevated levels of zinc on the interior and are lidded. They show no signs of slag or metal prills suggesting that zinc minerals were heated to produce zinc vapor which reacted with metallic copper in a solid state reaction. The fabric of these crucibles is porous, probably designed to prevent a buildup of pressure, and many have small holes in the lids which may be designed to release pressure or to add additional zinc minerals near the end of the process. Dioscorides mentioned that zinc minerals were used for both the working and finishing of brass, perhaps suggesting secondary additions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9042603969573975, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brass" }, { "answer": "Copper and Zinc", "passage": "Some alloys are made by melting and mixing two or more metals. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was the first alloy discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as the bronze age; it was harder than pure copper and originally used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by metals and alloys with better properties. In later times bronze has been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings. Brass is an alloy made from copper and zinc.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0569524765014648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Washington (Amtrak station)", "Washington College (disambiguation)", "Washington, United States", "Washington, USA", "Washington University (disambiguation)", "Washington", "Washington (CTA)", "Washington (CTA) (disambiguation)", "Washington, United States (disambiguation)", "Washington, U.S.", "Washington (disambiguation)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "washington amtrak station", "washington cta disambiguation", "washington usa", "washington cta", "washington disambiguation", "washington united states disambiguation", "washington college disambiguation", "washington", "washington united states", "washington university disambiguation", "washington u s" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "washington", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Washington" }

[ { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States located north of Oregon, west of Idaho, and south of the Canadian province of British Columbia on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Named after George Washington, the first President of the United States, the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory, which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon Boundary Dispute. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the capital of the U.S., which is often shortened to Washington.", "precise_score": 3.1758320331573486, "rough_score": -0.7908892035484314, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is the 18th largest with an area of 71,362 square miles (184,827 sq km), and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Approximately 60 percent of Washington's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area, the center of transportation, business, and industry along the Puget Sound region of the Salish Sea, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean consisting of numerous islands, deep fjords, and bays carved out by glaciers. The remainder of the state consists of deep temperate rainforests in the west, mountain ranges in the west, central, northeast and far southeast, and a semi-arid basin region in the east, central, and south, given over to intensive agriculture. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, after California. Mount Rainier is the state's highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet (4,392 m).", "precise_score": -10.616458892822266, "rough_score": -10.710376739501953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The Washington Territory was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The area was originally part of a region called the Columbia District after the Columbia River. Incidentally, the area was renamed Washington in order to avoid confusion with the District of Columbia, which contains the city of Washington. ", "precise_score": -10.476166725158691, "rough_score": -10.563433647155762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is the only U.S. state named after a president. To distinguish it from the U.S. capital, which is also named for George Washington, Washington is sometimes referred to as \"Washington State\", or, in more formal contexts, as \"the State of Washington\". Washingtonians and other residents of the Pacific Northwest refer to the state simply as \"Washington\", calling the nation's capital \"Washington, D.C.\" or, more often, simply \"D.C.\".", "precise_score": -9.816028594970703, "rough_score": -10.876198768615723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Its northern border lies mostly along the 49th parallel, and then via marine boundaries through the Strait of Georgia, Haro Strait and Strait of Juan de Fuca, with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part and the 46th parallel forming the eastern part of the southern boundary.", "precise_score": -9.838794708251953, "rough_score": -9.300350189208984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Despite western Washington's having a marine climate similar to those of many coastal cities of Europe, there are exceptions such as the \"Big Snow\" events of 1880, 1881, 1893 and 1916 and the \"deep freeze\" winters of 1883–84, 1915–16, 1949–50 and 1955–56, among others. During these events western Washington experienced up to 6 ft of snow, sub-zero (−18 °C) temperatures, three months with snow on the ground, and lakes and rivers frozen over for weeks. Seattle's lowest officially recorded temperature is 0 F set on January 31, 1950, but low-altitude areas approximately three hours away from Seattle have recorded lows as cold as . ", "precise_score": -10.998766899108887, "rough_score": -10.988790512084961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington has a variety of National Park Service units. Among these are the Alta Lake State Park, Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area, San Juan Islands National Wildlife Refuge, as well as three national parks, the Olympic National Park, North Cascades National Park and Mount Rainier National Park. The three national parks were established between 1899 and 1968. Almost 95% (876,517 acres, 354,714 hectares, 3,547.14 square kilometers) of Olympic National Park's area has been designated as wilderness under the National Wilderness Preservation System. Additionally, there are 143 state parks and 9 national forests, run by the Washington State Park System and the United States Forest Service. The Okanogan National Forest is the largest national forest located on the West Coast, encompassing . It is managed together as the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest, encompassing a considerablely larger area of around . ", "precise_score": -10.84162712097168, "rough_score": -10.68558406829834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In 1836, a group of missionaries including Marcus Whitman established several missions and Whitman's own settlement Waiilatpu, in what is now southeastern Washington state, near present day Walla Walla County, in territory of both the Cayuse and the Nez Perce Indian tribes. Whitman's settlement would in 1843 help the Oregon Trail, the overland emigration route to the west, get established for thousands of emigrants in following decades. Marcus provided medical care for the Native Americans, but when Indian patients – lacking immunity to new, 'European' diseases – died in striking numbers, while at the same time many white patients recovered, they held 'medicine man' Marcus Whitman personally responsible, and murdered Whitman and twelve other white settlers in the Whitman massacre in 1847. This event triggered the Cayuse War between settlers and Indians.", "precise_score": -10.94044017791748, "rough_score": -10.90539836883545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The growing populace of Oregon Territory north of the Columbia River formally requested a new territory, which was granted by the U.S. government in 1853. The boundary of Washington Territory initially extended farther east than the present state's, including what is now the Idaho Panhandle and parts of western Montana, and picked up more land to the southeast that was left behind when Oregon was admitted as a state. The creation of Idaho Territory in 1863 established the final eastern border. A Washington State constitution was drafted and ratified in 1878, but it was never officially adopted. Although never approved by Congress, the 1878 constitution is an important historical document which shows the political thinking of the time. It was used extensively during the drafting of Washington State's 1889 constitution, the one and only official Constitution of the State of Washington. Washington became the 42nd state in the United States on November 11, 1889. ", "precise_score": 4.534529209136963, "rough_score": -2.933732032775879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Washington was 7,170,351 on July 1, 2015, a 6.63% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The state ranks 13th overall in population, and the third most populous (after California and Texas) west of the Mississippi River. ", "precise_score": -10.74807357788086, "rough_score": -10.793545722961426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "With the passage of Initiative 1183, the Washington State Liquor Control Board (WSLCB) ended its monopoly of all state liquor store and liquor distribution operations on June 1, 2012.", "precise_score": -10.384075164794922, "rough_score": -10.961349487304688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In 2007, Washington became the first state in the nation to target all forms of highly toxic brominated flame retardants known as PBDEs for elimination from the many common household products in which they are used. A 2004 study of 40 mothers from Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Montana found PBDEs in the breast milk of every woman tested.", "precise_score": -10.815722465515137, "rough_score": -10.394819259643555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The bicameral Washington State Legislature is the state's legislative branch. The state legislature is composed of a lower House of Representatives and an upper State Senate. The state is divided into 49 legislative districts of equal population, each of which elects two representatives and one senator. Representatives serve two-year terms, whilst senators serve for four years. There are no term limits. As of the 2013 and 2014 session, the Democratic Party held the majority in the House, while the Republicans had control of the state Senate with a coalition of some Democrats. In the 2014 midterm elections, the Republican Party took full control of the Senate.", "precise_score": -10.857131958007812, "rough_score": -10.000849723815918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington was considered a key swing state in 1968, and it was the only western state to give its electoral votes to Democratic nominee Hubert Humphrey over his Republican opponent Richard Nixon. Washington was considered a part of the 1994 Republican Revolution, and had the biggest pickup in the house for Republicans, who picked up seven of Washington's nine House seats. However, this dominance did not last for long as Democrats picked up one seat in the 1996 election and two more in 1998, giving the Democrats a 5–4 majority. ", "precise_score": -10.768021583557129, "rough_score": -9.864411354064941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The two current United States Senators from Washington are Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell, both Democrats. The governorship is currently held by Democrat Jay Inslee, who was elected to his first term in the 2012 gubernatorial election. In 2013 and 2014 both houses of the Washington State Legislature (the Washington Senate and the Washington House of Representatives) were under a Democratic majority, though the state senate was under Republican control, due to two Democrats joining Republicans to form a Majority Coalition Caucus. After the 2014 elections the Democrats retained control of the House, while Republicans took a majority in the Senate without the need for a coalition.", "precise_score": -10.905815124511719, "rough_score": -10.521953582763672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In November 2009, Washington state voters approved full domestic partnerships via Referendum 71, marking the first time voters in any state expanded recognition of same-sex relationships at the ballot box.", "precise_score": -9.930734634399414, "rough_score": -10.787979125976562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington state was the first state in the United States where assisted suicide, same-sex marriage, and recreational cannabis use all became legal. After the 2014 elections, it was joined by Oregon.", "precise_score": -8.58074951171875, "rough_score": -9.691079139709473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The state's nickname \"Evergreen\" was proposed in 1890 by Charles T. Conover of Seattle, Washington. The name proved popular as the forests were full of evergreen trees and the abundance of rain keeps the shrubbery and grasses green throughout the year. Although that nickname is widely used by the state, appearing on vehicle license plates for instance, it has not been officially adopted. The publicly funded Evergreen State College in Olympia also takes its name from this nickname.", "precise_score": -10.63671875, "rough_score": -9.690526962280273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The state song is \"Washington, My Home\", the state bird is the American goldfinch, the state fruit is the apple, and the state vegetable is the Walla Walla sweet onion. The state dance, adopted in 1979, is the square dance. The state tree is the western hemlock. The state flower is the coast rhododendron. The state fish is the steelhead. The state folk song is \"Roll On, Columbia, Roll On\" by Woody Guthrie. The unofficial, but popularly accepted, state rock song is Louie Louie. The state grass is bluebunch wheatgrass. The state insect is the green darner dragonfly. The state gem is petrified wood. The state fossil is the Columbian mammoth. The state marine mammal is the orca. The state land mammal is the Olympic marmot. The state seal (featured in the state flag as well) was inspired by the unfinished portrait by Gilbert Stuart.", "precise_score": -10.707931518554688, "rough_score": -10.536337852478027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is a leading lumber producer. Its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. The state is the biggest producer of apples, hops, pears, red raspberries, spearmint oil, and sweet cherries, and ranks high in the production of apricots, asparagus, dry edible peas, grapes, lentils, peppermint oil, and potatoes. Livestock and livestock products make important contributions to total farm revenue, and the commercial fishing of salmon, halibut, and bottomfish makes a significant contribution to the state's economy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.328869819641113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other transportation equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals, and machinery. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, and water storage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.524789810180664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "To the east, Washington borders Idaho, bounded mostly by the meridian running north from the confluence of the Snake River and Clearwater River (about 116°57' west), except for the southernmost section where the border follows the Snake River. To the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375981330871582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is part of a region known as the Pacific Northwest, a term which always includes Washington and Oregon and may or may not include some or all of the following, depending on the user's intent: Idaho, western Montana, northern California, British Columbia, and Alaska.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3238525390625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state. From the Cascades westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains. From the north to the south, these volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount St. Helens is currently the only Washington volcano that is actively erupting; however, all of them are considered active volcanoes. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 mi south of the city of Seattle, from which it is prominently visible. The 14411 ft Mt. Rainier is considered the most dangerous volcano in the Cascade Range, due to its proximity to the Seattle metropolitan area, and most dangerous in the continental U.S. according to the Decade Volcanoes list. It is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173253059387207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula, which support dense forests of conifers and areas of temperate rainforest. These deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392083168029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In contrast, Eastern Washington, east of the Cascades, has a relatively dry climate with large areas of semiarid steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades; the Hanford reservation receives an average annual precipitation of 6 to. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, increasing as one goes east to in Pullman. The Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state. The Palouse southeast region of Washington was grassland that has been mostly converted into farmland, and extends to the Blue Mountains.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432601928710938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington's climate varies greatly from west to east. An oceanic climate (also called \"west coast marine climate\") predominates in western Washington, and a much drier semi-arid climate prevails east of the Cascade Range. Major factors determining Washington's climate include the large semi-permanent high pressure and low pressure systems of the north Pacific Ocean, the continental air masses of North America, and the Olympic and Cascade mountains. In the spring and summer, a high pressure anticyclone system dominates the north Pacific Ocean, causing air to spiral out in a clockwise fashion. For Washington this means prevailing winds from the northwest bring relatively cool air and a predictably dry season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.482024192810059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In the autumn and winter, a low-pressure cyclone system takes over in the north Pacific Ocean, with air spiraling inward in a counter-clockwise fashion. This causes Washington's prevailing winds to come from the southwest, bringing relatively warm and moist air masses and a predictably wet season. The term \"Pineapple Express\" is used colloquially to describe the extreme form of this wet season pattern. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463359832763672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Weather during the cold season is greatly influenced by the Southern Oscillation. During the El Niño phase, the jet stream enters the U.S. farther south through California, therefore late fall and winter are drier than normal with less snowpack. The La Niña phase reinforces the jet stream through the Pacific Northwest, causing Washington to have even more rain and snow than average.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509462356567383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In 2006, the Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington published The Impacts of Climate change in Washington's Economy, a preliminary assessment on the risks and opportunities presented given the possibility of a rise in global temperatures and their effects on Washington state. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450135231018066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Rainfall in Washington varies dramatically going from east to west. The western side of the Olympic Peninsula receives as much as 160 in of precipitation annually, making it the wettest area of the 48 conterminous states and a temperate rainforest. Weeks may pass without a clear day. The western slopes of the Cascade Range receive some of the heaviest annual snowfall (in some places more than 200 in water equivalent) in the country. In the rain shadow area east of the Cascades, the annual precipitation is only 6 in. Precipitation then increases again eastward toward the Rocky Mountains.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462607383728027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "East of the Cascades, a large region experiences strong rain shadow effects. Semi-arid conditions occur in much of eastern Washington with the strongest rain shadow effects at the relatively low elevations of the central Columbia Plateau—especially the region just east of the Columbia River from about the Snake River to the Okanagan Highland. Thus instead of rain forests much of eastern Washington is covered with grassland and shrub-steppe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407608985900879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The average annual temperature ranges from 51 F on the Pacific coast to 40 F in the northeast. The lowest temperature recorded in the state was in Winthrop and Mazama. The highest recorded temperature in the state was 118 F at Ice Harbor Dam. Both records were set east of the Cascades. Western Washington is known for its mild climate, considerable fog, frequent cloud cover and long-lasting drizzles in the winter, and warm, temperate summers. The Eastern region occasionally experiences extreme climate. Arctic cold fronts in the winter and heat waves in the summer are not uncommon. In the Western region, temperatures have reached as high as 112 F in Marietta. and as low as in Longview. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.150613784790039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Forests cover 52% of the state's land area, mostly west of the North Cascades. Approximately two-thirds of Washington's forested area is publicly owned, including 64% of federal land. Other common trees and plants in the region are camassia, Douglas fir, hemlock, penstemon, ponderosa pine, western red cedar, and many species of ferns. The state's various areas of wilderness offer sanctuary, with substantially large populations of shorebirds and marine mammals. The Pacific shore surrounding the San Juan Islands are heavily inhabited with killer, gray and humpback whales.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343976020812988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Mammals native to the state include the bat, black bear, bobcat, cougar, coyote, deer, elk, gray wolf, moose, mountain beaver, muskrat, opossum, pocket gopher, raccoon, river otter, skunk, and tree squirrel. Because of the wide range of geography, the State of Washington is home to several different ecoregions which allow for a varied range of bird species. This range includes raptors, shorebirds, woodland birds, grassland birds, ducks, and others. There have also been a large number of species introduced to Washington, dating back to the early 1700s, including horses and burros. The channel catfish, lamprey, and sturgeon are among the 400 known freshwater fishes. Along with the Cascades frog, there are several forms of snakes that define the most prominent reptiles and amphibians. Coastal bays and islands are often inhabited by plentiful amounts of shellfish and whales. There are five species of salmon that ascend the Western Washington area, from streams to spawn. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298053741455078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The skeletal remains of Kennewick Man, one of the oldest and most complete human remains ever found in North America, were discovered in Washington. Before the coming of Europeans, the region had many established tribes of aboriginal Americans, notable for their totem poles and their ornately carved canoes and masks. Prominent among their industries were salmon fishing and, notably among the Makah, whale hunting. The peoples of the Interior had a very different subsistence-based culture based on hunting, food-gathering and some forms of agriculture, as well as a dependency on salmon from the Columbia and its tributaries. The smallpox epidemic of the 1770s devastated the Native American population. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.427777290344238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The first recorded European landing on the Washington coast was by Spanish Captain Don Bruno de Heceta in 1775, on board the Santiago, part of a two-ship flotilla with the Sonora. He claimed all the coastal lands up to Prince William Sound for Spain as part of their claimed rights under the Treaty of Tordesillas, which they maintained made the Pacific a \"Spanish lake\" and all its shores part of the Spanish Empire.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317360877990723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Fort Nisqually, a farm and trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company and the first European settlement in the Puget Sound area, was founded in 1833. Black pioneer George Washington Bush and his Caucasian wife, Isabella James Bush, from Missouri and Tennessee, respectively, led four white families into the territory and founded New Market, now Tumwater, in 1846. They settled in Washington to avoid Oregon's discriminatory settlement laws. After them, many more settlers, migrating overland along the Oregon trail, wandered north to settle in the Puget Sound area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06258487701416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Early prominent industries in the state included agriculture and lumber. In eastern Washington, the Yakima River Valley became known for its apple orchards, while the growth of wheat using dry farming techniques became particularly productive. Heavy rainfall to the west of the Cascade Range produced dense forests, and the ports along Puget Sound prospered from the manufacturing and shipping of lumber products, particularly the Douglas fir. Other industries that developed in the state included fishing, salmon canning and mining.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.186531066894531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "During World War II, the state became a focus for war industries. While the Boeing Company produced many of the nation's heavy bombers, ports in Seattle, Bremerton, Vancouver, and Tacoma were available for the manufacture of warships. Seattle was the point of departure for many soldiers in the Pacific, a number of whom were quartered at Golden Gardens Park. In eastern Washington, the Hanford Works atomic energy plant was opened in 1943 and played a major role in the construction of the nation's atomic bombs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.014702796936035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "On May 18, 1980, following a period of heavy tremors and eruptions, the northeast face of Mount St. Helens erupted violently, destroying a large part of the top of the volcano. The eruption flattened the forests, killed 57 people, flooded the Columbia River and its tributaries with ash and mud, and blanketed large parts of Washington eastward and other surrounding states in ash, making day look like night. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.264396667480469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "According to the United States Census, in 2010, Washington had an estimated population of 6,724,540, which was an increase of 445,811 or 6.63 percent from the year 2010. This includes a natural increase of 380,400 people, and an increase from net migration of 450,019 people into the state. Washington ranks first in the Pacific Northwest region in terms of population, followed by Oregon, and Idaho. In 1980, the Census Bureau reported Washington's population as 90% non-Hispanic white.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24952220916748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In 2011, 44.3% of Washington's population younger than age 1 were minorities. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.552345275878906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The center of population of Washington in 2000 was located in an unpopulated part of the Cascade Mountains in rural eastern King County, southeast of North Bend, northeast of Enumclaw and west of Snoqualmie Pass. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.454870223999023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "6.7 percent of Washington's population was reported as under five years of age, 25.7 percent under 18 years of age, and 11.2 percent were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.2 percent of the population.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339110374450684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "According to the 2010 United States census, the racial and ethnic composition of Washington was the following: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2875337600708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "According to 2010 United States Census estimates, 77% of Washingtonians are white or European American, although this is ambiguous as it includes not only caucasians, such as those who are born in Western Europe, Canada, Australasia, and the former USSR, but people from countries in the Middle East and North Africa (the number of Arab American nationalities rose dramatically in the 1990s and 2000s). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.321654319763184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are mostly concentrated in the Seattle−Tacoma metropolitan area. Seattle, Bellevue, and Redmond, which are all located within King County, have sizable Chinese communities (including Taiwanese), as well as significant Indian and Japanese communities that are present there. The Chinatown-International District in Seattle has a historical Chinese population dating back to the 1860s, who mainly emigrated from Guangdong Province in southern China, and is currently home to a diverse East and Southeast Asian community. Koreans are heavily concentrated in the suburban cities of Federal Way and Auburn to the south and in Lynnwood to the north. Tacoma is home to thousands of Cambodians, and has one of the largest Cambodian American communities in the United States, along with Long Beach, California and Lowell, Massachusetts. The Vietnamese and Filipino populations of Washington are mostly concentrated within the Seattle metropolitan area. Washington state has the second highest percentage of Pacific Islander people in the mainland U.S. (behind Utah); the Seattle-Tacoma area is home to over 15,000 people of Samoan ancestry, who mainly reside in southeast Seattle, Tacoma, Federal Way, and in SeaTac. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173361778259277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The most numerous (ethnic, not racial, group) are Latinos at 11%, as Mexican Americans formed a large ethnic group in the Chehalis Valley, farming areas of Yakima Valley and Eastern Washington. In the late 20th century, large-scale Mexican immigration and other Latinos settled in the southern suburbs of Seattle with limited concentrations in King, Pierce and Snohomish Counties during the region's real estate construction booms in the 1980s and 1990s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356669425964355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Additionally, Washington has a large Ethiopian community, with many Eritrean residents as well. Over 30,000 Somali immigrants also reside in the Seattle area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.538164138793945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The largest cities in Washington according to 2014 state estimates. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.266255378723145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In 2010, 82.51% (5,060,313) of Washington residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 7.79% (477,566) spoke Spanish, 1.19% (72,552) Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin), 0.94% (57,895) Vietnamese, 0.84% (51,301) Tagalog, 0.83% (50,757) Korean, 0.80% (49,282) Russian, and German was spoken as a main language by 0.55% (33,744) of the population over the age of five. In total, 17.49% (1,073,002) of Washington's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443721771240234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Major religious affiliations of the people of Washington are: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499198913574219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "As with many other Western states, the percentage of Washington's population identifying themselves as \"non-religious\" is higher than the national average. The percentage of non-religious people in Washington is one of the highest in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.338114738464355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The 2014 total gross state product for Washington was $425.017 billion, placing it 14th in the nation. The per capita GDP in 2009 was $52,403, 10th in the nation. Significant business within the state include the design and manufacture of aircraft (Boeing), automotive (Paccar), computer software development (Microsoft, Bungie, Amazon.com, Nintendo of America, Valve Corporation, ArenaNet), telecom (T-Mobile USA), electronics, biotechnology, aluminum production, lumber and wood products (Weyerhaeuser), mining, beverages (Starbucks, Jones Soda), real estate (John L. Scott), retail (Nordstrom, Eddie Bauer, Car Toys, Costco, R.E.I.), and tourism (Alaska Airlines, Expedia, Inc.). A Fortune magazine survey of the top 20 Most Admired Companies in the US has four Washington-based companies in it: Amazon.com, Starbucks, Microsoft, and Costco. The state has significant amounts of hydroelectric power generation at over 80%. Significant amounts of trade with Asia pass through the ports of the Puget Sound", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1243314743042, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Among its resident billionaires, Washington boasts Bill Gates, technology advisor and former Chairman & CEO of Microsoft, who, with a net worth of $84.1 billion, is the wealthiest man in the world as of 2013. Other Washington state billionaires include Paul Allen (Microsoft), Steve Ballmer (Microsoft), Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Craig McCaw (McCaw Cellular Communications), James Jannard (Oakley), Howard Schultz (Starbucks), and Charles Simonyi (Microsoft). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465039253234863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The state of Washington is one of only seven states that does not levy a personal income tax. The state also does not collect a corporate income tax or franchise tax. However, Washington businesses are responsible for various other state levies, including the business and occupation tax (B & O), a gross receipts tax which charges varying rates for different types of businesses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.205852508544922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington's state base sales tax is 6.5 percent which is combined with a local rate. , the rate is 9.5 percent in Seattle and other cities. These taxes apply to services as well as products. Most foods are exempt from sales tax; however, prepared foods, dietary supplements and soft drinks remain taxable. The combined state and local retail sales tax rates increase the taxes paid by consumers, depending on the variable local sales tax rates, generally between 8 and 9 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.496957778930664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "An excise tax applies to certain select products such as gasoline, cigarettes, and alcoholic beverages. Property tax was the first tax levied in the state of Washington and its collection accounts for about 30 percent of Washington's total state and local revenue. It continues to be the most important revenue source for public schools, fire protection, libraries, parks and recreation, and other special purpose districts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373815536499023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "All real property and personal property is subject to tax unless specifically exempted by law. Personal property also is taxed, although most personal property owned by individuals is exempt. Personal property tax applies to personal property used when conducting business or to other personal property not exempt by law. All property taxes are paid to the county treasurer's office where the property is located. Washington does not impose a tax on intangible assets such as bank accounts, stocks or bonds. Neither does the state assess any tax on retirement income earned and received from another state. Washington does not collect inheritance taxes; however, the estate tax is decoupled from the federal estate tax laws, and therefore the state imposes its own estate tax.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467205047607422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington's tax policy differs significantly from neighboring Oregon's, which levies no sales tax but a very high income tax. This leads to border economic anomalies in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Additional border economies exist with neighboring Canada and Idaho.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505877494812012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is a leading agricultural state. (The following figures are from the [http://agr.wa.gov/AgInWA/ Washington State Department of Agriculture] and the USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington Field Office.) For 2013, the total value of Washington's agricultural products was $10.2 billion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.193451881408691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "In 2013, Washington ranked first in the nation in production of red raspberries (92.7 percent of total U.S. production), hops (79.2 percent), spearmint oil (72.9 percent), wrinkled seed peas (60 percent), apples (57 percent), sweet cherries (50.9 percent), pears (49.5 percent), Concord grapes (36.5 percent), carrots for processing (36.5 percent), green peas for processing (34.4 percent), and peppermint oil (31.4 percent).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530275344848633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington also ranked second in the nation in production of fall potatoes (a quarter of the nation's production), nectarines, apricots, grapes (all varieties taken together), sweet corn for processing (a quarter of the nation's production), and summer onions (a fifth of the nation's production).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.486844062805176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The apple industry is of particular importance to Washington. Because of the favorable climate of dry, warm summers and cold winters of central Washington, the state has led the U.S. in apple production since the 1920s. Two areas account for the vast majority of the state's apple crop: the Wenatchee–Okanogan region (comprising Chelan, Okanogan, Douglas, and Grant counties), and the Yakima region (comprising Yakima, Benton and Kittitas counties). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.213777542114258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington ranks second in the United States in the production of wine, behind only California. By 2006, the state had over 31000 acre of vineyards, a harvest of 120000 ST of grapes, and exports going to over 40 countries around the world from the 600 wineries located in the state. While there are some viticultural activities in the cooler, wetter western half of the state, the majority (99%) of wine grape production takes place in the desert-like eastern half. The rain shadow of the Cascade Range leaves the Columbia River Basin with around 8 in of annual rain fall, making irrigation and water rights of paramount interest to the Washington wine industry. Viticulture in the state is also influenced by long sunlight hours (on average, two more hours a day than in California during the growing season) and consistent temperatures. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.137657165527344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "As of December 2014, there are 124 broadband providers that offer service to Washington state with 93% of consumers having access to broadband speeds of 25/3mbps or more. Additionally, there are 406,000 people who live in Washington who live in an area served by only 1 broadband provider leaving them without a competitive market. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379583358764648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "From 2009–2014 the Washington State Broadband Project was awarded $7.3M in federal grants but program was discontinued in 2014. For infrastructure another $166M was awarded for broadband infrastructure projects in Washington state since 2011. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.010401725769043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington has a system of state highways, called State Routes, as well as an extensive ferry system which is the largest in the nation and the third largest in the world. There are 140 public airfields in Washington, including 16 state airports owned by the Washington State Department of Transportation. Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (Sea-Tac) is the major commercial airport of greater Seattle. Boeing Field in Seattle is one of the busiest primary non-hub airports in the US. The unique geography of Washington creates exceptional transportation challenges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.049846649169922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "There are extensive waterways in the midst of Washington's largest cites, including Seattle, Bellevue, Tacoma and Olympia. The state highways incorporate an extensive network of bridges and the largest ferry system in the United States to serve transportation needs in the Puget Sound area. Washington's marine highway constitutes a fleet of twenty-eight ferries that navigate Puget Sound and its inland waterways to 20 different ports of call, completing close to 147,000 sailings each year. Washington is home to four of the five longest floating bridges in the world: the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge, Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge and Homer M. Hadley Memorial Bridge over Lake Washington, and the Hood Canal Bridge which connects the Olympic Peninsula and Kitsap Peninsula. Washington has a number of seaports on the Pacific Ocean, including Seattle, Tacoma, Kalama, Anacortes, Vancouver, Longview, Greys County, Olympia, and Port Angeles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.189071655273438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The Cascade Mountain Range also provides unique transportation challenges. Washington operates and maintains roads over seven major mountain passes and eight minor passes. During winter months some of these passes are plowed, sanded, and kept safe with avalanche control. Not all are able to stay open through the winter. The North Cascades Highway, State Route 20, closes every year. This is because the extraordinary amount of snowfall and frequency of avalanches in the area of Washington Pass make it unsafe in the winter months. The Cayuse and Chinook Passes east of Mount Rainier also close in winter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474153518676758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is crossed by a number of freight railroads, and Amtrak's passenger Cascade route between Eugene, Oregon and Vancouver, BC is the eighth busiest Amtrak service in the USA and one of the few profitable routes in the system. Public transportation has generally lagged, although the much-delayed link light rail system in the greater Seattle region opened its first line in 2002. Residents of Vancouver have resisted proposals to extend Portland's mass transit system into Washington.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.227069854736328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Three recent studies by the Washington Department of Ecology showed that toxic chemicals banned decades ago continue to linger in the environment and concentrate in the food chain. In one of the studies, state government scientists found unacceptable levels of toxic substances in 93 samples of freshwater fish collected from 45 sites. The toxic substances included PCBs; dioxins, two chlorinated pesticides, DDE and dieldrin, and PBDEs. As a result of the study, the department will investigate the sources of PCBs in the Wenatchee River, where unhealthy levels of PCBs were found in mountain whitefish. Based on the 2007 information and a previous 2004 Ecology study, the Washington State Department of Health is advising the public not to eat mountain whitefish from the Wenatchee River from Leavenworth downstream to where the river joins the Columbia, due to unhealthy levels of PCBs. Study results also indicated high levels of contaminants in fish tissue that scientists collected from Lake Washington and the Spokane River, where fish consumption advisories are already in effect. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367716789245605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington's executive branch is headed by a governor elected for a four-year term. The current statewide elected officers are:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274770736694336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the state. Nine justices serve on the bench and are elected statewide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.051202774047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The two U.S. Senators from Washington are Patty Murray (D) and Maria Cantwell (D).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.991233825683594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington's ten representatives in the United States House of Representatives (see map of districts) are Suzan DelBene (D-1), Richard Ray (Rick) Larsen (D-2), Jaime Herrera (R-3), Dan Newhouse (R-4), Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-5), Derek Kilmer (D-6), Jim McDermott (D-7), Dave Reichert (R-8), Adam Smith (D-9), and Dennis Heck (D-10).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25619888305664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Due to Congressional redistricting as a result of the 2010 Census, Washington gained one seat in the United States House of Representatives. With the extra seat, Washington also gained one electoral vote.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219682693481445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The state is typically thought of as politically divided by the Cascade Mountains, with Western Washington being liberal (particularly the ) and Eastern Washington being conservative. Washington has voted for the Democratic presidential nominee in every election since 1988.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.02881908416748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Due to Western Washington's large population, Democrats usually fare better statewide. The Seattle metropolitan combined statistical area, home to almost two-thirds of Washington's population, generally delivers stronger Democratic margins than most other parts of Western Washington. This is especially true of King County, home to Seattle itself and almost a third of the state's population.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290427207946777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Washington is one of three states to have legalized assisted suicide. In 2008 voted on by initiative the Washington Death with Dignity Act passed and became law.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.162919998168945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Three years later, in November 2012, same-sex marriage was affirmed via Referendum 74, making Washington one of only three states to have approved same-sex marriage by popular vote.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30469799041748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Also In November 2012, Washington state became one of just two states to pass by initiative the legal sale and possession of cannabis for both medical and non-medical use with Initiative 502. The law took effect in December 2012. Although marijuana is still illegal under U.S. Federal law, persons 21 and older in Washington state can possess up to one ounce of marijuana, 16 ounces of marijuana-infused product in solid form, 72 ounces of marijuana-infused product in liquid form, or any combination of all three, and to legally consume marijuana and marijuana-infused products. Some 334 legal recreational marijuana retail outlets are projected to open by June 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.994871139526367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "As of the 2008–2009 school year, 1,040,750 students were enrolled in elementary and secondary schools in Washington, with 59,562 teachers employed to educate them. As of August 2009, there were 295 school districts in the state, serviced by nine Educational Service Districts. Washington School Information Processing Cooperative (a non-profit, opt-in, State agency) provides information management systems for fiscal & human resources and student data. Elementary and secondary schools are under the jurisdiction of the Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI), led by State School Superintendent Randy Dorn. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192418098449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "High school juniors and seniors in Washington have the option of utilizing the state's Running Start program. Initiated by the state legislature in 1990, the program allows students to attend institutions of higher education at public expense, simultaneously earning high school and college credit. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.081531524658203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "The state also has several public arts focused high schools including Tacoma School of the Arts, Vancouver school of Arts and Academics, and The Center School. There are also four Science and Math based high schools: one in the Tri-Cities, Washington, known as Delta, one in Tacoma, Washington, known as SAMI, another in Seattle known as Raisbeck Aviation High School, and one in Redmond, Washington known as Tesla STEM High School.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272115707397461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "There are more than 40 institutions of higher education in Washington. The state has major research universities, technical schools, religious schools, and private career colleges. Colleges and Universities include the University of Washington, Seattle University , Washington State University, Western Washington University, Eastern Washington University, Central Washington University, and The Evergreen State College.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.042640686035156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Healthcare in Washington", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407037734985352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "* Washington Huskies (Pac-12 Conference; Football Bowl Subdivision)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466487884521484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "* Washington State Cougars (Pac-12 Conference; Football Bowl Subdivision)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.193449020385742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "* Eastern Washington Eagles (Big Sky Conference)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509087562561035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "* Central Washington Wildcats", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491827011108398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "* Western Washington Vikings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.431989669799805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "Washington", "passage": "Four ships of the United States Navy, including two battleships, have been named USS Washington in honor of the state. Previous ships had held that name in honor of George Washington.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.160998344421387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Monetary items", "Real world money", "Pecuniary", "Concept of money", "Functions of money", "Monetary", "Hard dollar", "Monies", "Money", "Commercial bank money", "Pelf" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "functions of money", "pelf", "money", "commercial bank money", "pecuniary", "monetary", "hard dollar", "concept of money", "monies", "monetary items", "real world money" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "money", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Money" }

[ { "answer": "Money", "passage": "Where's George? is a website that tracks the natural geographic circulation of American paper money. Its popularity has led to the establishment of a number of other currency tracking websites (among which it remains the most popular by far), and sites that track other objects such as used books. Statistics generated by the website have been used in at least one research paper to study patterns of human travel in the United States. ", "precise_score": 8.466728210449219, "rough_score": 6.477187633514404, "source": "wiki", "title": "Where's George?" }, { "answer": "Money", "passage": "Inspired by Where's George, Ben Cohen, the co-founder of Ben & Jerry's Homemade Ice Cream, launched Stamp Stampede in 2012 to protest the influence of big money in politics. Stamp Stampede stamps messages like \"Not to Be Used for Bribing Politicians\" on dollar bills. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.429839134216309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Where's George?" }, { "answer": "Money", "passage": "Money flow displayed through Where's George was used in a 2006 research paper published by theoretical physicist Dirk Brockmann and his coworkers. The paper described statistical laws of human travel in the United States, and developed a mathematical model of the spread of infectious disease resulting from such travel. The article was published in the January 26, 2006, issue of the journal Nature. Researchers found that 57% of the nearly half a million dollar bills studied traveled between 30 and over approximately nine months in the United States. A short clip of a Brockmann's presentation on the subject from the IdeaFestival has been posted on YouTube. More recently, \"Where's George?\" data have been used to attempt to predict the rapidity and pattern of projected spread of the 2009 swine flu outbreak.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.74693489074707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Where's George?" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Jean Biden", "Joseph R. Biden, Jr", "Jean Finnegan Biden", "Joe R. Biden, Jr.", "Joe Biden, Jr.", "Joseph Biden, Jr.", "Joseph Robinette %22Joe%22 Biden, Jr.", "Joseph Robinette Jr. Biden", "Amtrak Joe", "Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr.", "Vice President Biden", "Jo Biden", "Joseph R. Biden", "Catherine eugenia finnegan", "Joe Biden", "Joel Biden", "Senator Joe Biden", "Senator OBiden", "Joseph R. Biden, Jr.", "Joseph Biden", "Senator O'Biden", "Joe R. Biden", "Joe biden", "Biden, Joe", "Joebiden", "Vice President Joe Biden", "Joseph Robinette Biden", "Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.", "Joe Bidden", "Joseph R. Biden Jr.", "Joesph Biden", "Biden", "Bdien", "Ashley Biden", "O'Biden", "Biden, Joseph R., Jr." ], "normalized_aliases": [ "joe biden", "joe biden jr", "joseph robinette biden jr", "senator obiden", "joel biden", "joe r biden", "joe bidden", "biden joseph r jr", "biden", "joseph robinette 22joe 22 biden jr", "joseph robinette biden", "bdien", "biden joe", "joe r biden jr", "joseph r biden", "joseph robinette jr biden", "joebiden", "vice president biden", "joseph biden jr", "joesph biden", "ashley biden", "vice president joe biden", "jo biden", "amtrak joe", "jean biden", "joseph r biden jr", "o biden", "catherine eugenia finnegan", "senator o biden", "jean finnegan biden", "joseph biden", "senator joe biden" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "joe biden", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Joe Biden" }

[ { "answer": "Joe Biden", "passage": "Though Walter Mondale's tenure was the beginning of the modern day power of the vice presidency, the tenure of Dick Cheney saw a rapid growth in the office of the vice president. Vice President Cheney held a tremendous amount of power and frequently made policy decisions on his own, without the knowledge of the President. After his tenure, and during the 2008 presidential campaign, both vice presidential candidates, Sarah Palin and Joe Biden, stated that the office had expanded too much under Cheney's tenure and both had planned to reduce the role to simply being an adviser to the president. ", "precise_score": -1.4788134098052979, "rough_score": -5.010285377502441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Joe Biden", "passage": "as his running mate. Despite the two candidates' near-identical ideological and regional backgrounds, Gore's extensive experience in national affairs enhanced the appeal of a ticket headed by Clinton, whose political career had been spent entirely at the local and state levels of government. In 2000, George W. Bush chose Dick Cheney of Wyoming, a reliably Republican state with only three electoral votes, and in 2008, Barack Obama mirrored Bush's strategy when he chose Joe Biden of Delaware, a reliably Democratic state, likewise one with only three electoral votes. Both Cheney and Biden were chosen for their experience in national politics (experience lacked by both Bush and Obama) rather than the ideological balance or electoral vote advantage they would provide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.872015953063965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vice President of the United States" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "American Falls" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "american falls" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "american falls", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "American Falls" }

[ { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "The Horseshoe Falls drop about 188 ft, while the height of the American Falls varies between 70 and because of the presence of giant boulders at its base. The larger Horseshoe Falls are about 2600 ft wide, while the American Falls are 1060 ft wide. The distance between the American extremity of the Niagara Falls and the Canadian extremity is 1039 m.", "precise_score": 0.05476626008749008, "rough_score": 4.037420272827148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "The Horseshoe Falls, also known as the Canadian Falls, as most of it lies in Canada, is part of Niagara Falls, on the Niagara River. Approximately 90% of the Niagara River, after diversions for hydropower generation, flows over Horseshoe Falls. The remaining 10% flows over the American Falls. It is located between Terrapin Point on Goat Island in the US state of New York, and Table Rock on the Ontario side of the falls. According to official U.S. Geological Survey maps (see References [7][8] below), approximately two-thirds of Horseshoe Falls is located in Ontario, Canada with the remaining one-third in New York, United States. ", "precise_score": 4.065211296081543, "rough_score": 5.776852130889893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Horseshoe Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "In October 2007, the Horseshoe Falls was featured in a Disney produced video titled Welcome: Portraits of America, made for the United States Department of State and Department of Homeland Security to promote United States tourism. A controversy surrounded the film, because instead of showing just the American falls and Bridal Veil Falls, they focused on Horseshoe Falls, which lies mostly, though not all, in Canada.", "precise_score": 0.8572092652320862, "rough_score": 2.890233278274536, "source": "wiki", "title": "Horseshoe Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "From largest to smallest, the three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls. The Horseshoe Falls lie mostly on the Canadian side and the American Falls entirely on the American side, separated by Goat Island. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also on the American side, separated from the other waterfalls by Luna Island. The international boundary line was originally drawn through Horseshoe Falls in 1819, but the boundary has long been in dispute due to natural erosion and construction. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.022836923599243, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "In 1912 much of the water coming over the American Falls froze, though there was still a trickle and the falls ran at the other two sites.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.675400733947754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "A team from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dammed the American Falls in June 1969 to clear rock from the base of the falls. Rockslides caused a significant buildup of rock at the bottom of the American side of the falls, and the engineers were to clean up the rock and repair some faults to prevent eventual erosion of the American side of the waterfall. A temporary dam was built to divert the flow of water to the Canadian side; the dam measured 600 ft across and was made of nearly 30,000 tons of rock. The engineers cleared the rock debris and tested for safety, finishing the project in November of that year. Water flow was restored on November 25, 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.317696571350098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "The enormous energy of Niagara Falls has long been recognized as a potential source of power. The first known effort to harness the waters was in 1759, when Daniel Joncaire built a small canal above the falls to power his sawmill. Augustus and Peter Porter purchased this area and all of American Falls in 1805 from the New York state government, and enlarged the original canal to provide hydraulic power for their gristmill and tannery. In 1853, the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Mining Company was chartered, which eventually constructed the canals that would be used to generate electricity. In 1881, under the leadership of Jacob F. Schoellkopf, the Niagara River's first hydroelectric generating station was built. The water fell 86 ft and generated direct current electricity, which ran the machinery of local mills and lit up some of the village streets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.108910083770752, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "Erosion control efforts have always been of extreme importance. Underwater weirs redirect the most damaging currents, and the top of the falls have also been strengthened. In June 1969, the Niagara River was completely diverted away from the American Falls for several months through construction of a temporary rock and earth dam (clearly visible in the photo at right). During this time, two bodies were removed from under the falls, including a man who had been seen jumping over the falls, and the body of a woman, which was discovered once the falls dried.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.382501602172852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "While the Horseshoe Falls absorbed the extra flow, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers studied the riverbed and mechanically bolted and strengthened any faults they found; faults that would, if left untreated, have hastened the retreat of the American Falls. A plan to remove the huge mound of talus deposited in 1954 was abandoned owing to cost, and in November 1969, the temporary dam was dynamited, restoring flow to the American Falls. Even after these undertakings, Luna Island, the small piece of land between the main waterfall and the Bridal Veil, remained off limits to the public for years owing to fears that it was unstable and could collapse into the gorge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.315863609313965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "In 2013 New York State began an effort to renovate The Sisters Islands located on Goat Island. New York State used funds from the re-licensing of the New York Power Authority hydroelectric plant downriver in Lewiston, New York, to rebuild walking paths on the Three Sisters Islands and to plant native vegetation on the islands. The state also renovated the area around Prospect Point at the brink of the American Falls in the state park.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.93936824798584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "In January 2016, it was announced the American Falls would again be de-watered to repair two bridges that are near collapse. The de-watering is envisioned to occur in a few years, and will last at least four months, depending on what plan is adopted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.523838996887207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "From the U.S. side, the American Falls can be viewed from walkways along Prospect Point Park, which also features the Prospect Point Park observation tower and a boat dock for the Maid of the Mist. Goat Island offers more views of the falls and is accessible by foot and automobile traffic by bridge above the American Falls. From Goat Island, the Cave of the Winds is accessible by elevator and leads hikers to a point beneath Bridal Veil Falls. Also on Goat Island are the Three Sisters Islands, the Power Portal where a huge statue of Nikola Tesla (the inventor whose patents for the AC induction motor and other devices for AC power transmission helped make the harnessing of the falls possible) can be seen, and a walking path that enables views of the rapids, the Niagara River, the gorge, and all of the falls. Most of these attractions lie within the Niagara Falls State Park.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.23128141462802887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "American Falls", "passage": "The Niagara Scenic Trolley offers guided trips along the American Falls and around Goat Island. Panoramic and aerial views of the falls can also be viewed from the Flight of Angels helium balloon ride, or by helicopter. The Niagara Gorge Discovery Center showcases the natural and local history of Niagara Falls and the Niagara Gorge. A casino and luxury hotel was opened in Niagara Falls, New York, by the Seneca Indian tribe. The Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel occupies the former Niagara Falls Convention Center. The new hotel is the first addition to the city's skyline since completion of the United Office Building in the 1920s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.2770007252693176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Niagara Falls" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "An early example of the genre was the 1991 Dutch series Nummer 28, which was the first show to bring together strangers and record their interactions. It then exploded as a phenomenon in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the global success of the series Survivor, Idols, and Big Brother. These shows and a number of others (usually also competition-based) became global franchises, spawning local versions in dozens of countries. Reality television as a whole has become a fixture of television programming. In the United States, various channels have retooled themselves to focus on reality programs, most famously MTV, which began in 1981 as a music video pioneer, before switching to a nearly all-reality format in the early 2000s.", "precise_score": -5.957798480987549, "rough_score": -3.941049098968506, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Big Brother is probably the best known program of this type in the world, with around 50 international versions having been produced. Other shows in this category, such The 1900 House, involve historical re-enactment, with cast members living and working as people of a specific time and place. 2001's Temptation Island achieved some notoriety by placing several couples on an island surrounded by single people in order to test the couples' commitment to each other. U8TV: The Lofters combined the \"special living environment\" format with the \"professional activity\" format noted below; in addition to living together in a loft, each member of the show's cast was hired to host a television program for a Canadian cable channel.", "precise_score": -5.465254306793213, "rough_score": -3.3281490802764893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "A well-known example of a reality-competition show is the globally syndicated Big Brother, in which cast members live together in the same house, with participants removed at regular intervals by either the viewing audience or, in the American version, by the participants themselves.", "precise_score": -0.7713241577148438, "rough_score": -1.1764636039733887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Reality television's global successes has been, in the eyes of some analysts, an important political phenomenon. In some authoritarian countries, reality television voting has been the first time many citizens have voted in any free and fair wide-scale elections. In addition, the frankness of the settings on some reality shows present situations that are often taboo in certain orthodox cultures, like Star Academy Arab World, which began airing in 2003, and which shows male and female contestants living together. A Pan-Arab version of Big Brother was cancelled in 2004 after less than two weeks on the air after a public outcry and street protests. In 2004, journalist Matt Labash, noting both of these issues, wrote that \"the best hope of little Americas developing in the Middle East could be Arab-produced reality TV.\" ", "precise_score": -5.667570114135742, "rough_score": -1.4240102767944336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Reality television has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, at least for a short period. This is most notable in talent-search programs such as Idol and The X Factor, which have spawned music stars in many of the countries in which they have aired. Many other shows, however, have made at least temporary celebrities out of their participants; some participants have then been able to parlay this fame into media and merchandising careers. For example, Elisabeth Hasselbeck, a contestant on Survivor: The Australian Outback, later became a host on daytime talk show The View and a correspondent on Fox and Friends. Jamie Chung (from The Real World: San Diego), Kristin Cavallari (from Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County), and NeNe Leakes (from The Real Housewives of Atlanta) all have had acting careers since appearing on reality television. Several cast members of MTV's Jersey Shore have had lucrative endorsement deals, and in some cases their own product lines. Tiffany Pollard, originally a contestant on Flavor of Love, was eventually given four additional reality series of her own on VH1. In Britain, Jade Goody became famous after appearing on Big Brother 3 in 2002; she later appeared on other reality programs, wrote a bestselling autobiography and launched a top-selling perfume line. She later received extensive media coverage during her battle with cervical cancer, from which she died in 2009. Bethenny Frankel, who gained fame after appearing on several reality television shows, launched the successful brand Skinnygirl Cocktails, and got her own short-lived syndicated talk show, Bethenny. Two cast members of non-athletic reality shows, Mike \"The Miz\" Mizanin (from The Real World and its spin-off, The Challenge) and David Otunga (from I Love New York), became professional wrestlers for the WWE. Some reality-television alumni have parlayed their fame into paid public appearances.Childers, Linda (July 7, 2011). [http://money.cnn.com/2011/07/06/smallbusiness/rick_harrison/ \"Rick Harrison of 'Pawn Stars' spills success secrets\"]. CNN Money.", "precise_score": -5.82401180267334, "rough_score": -4.138833522796631, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Jordan Hailie Lloyd (born November 21, 1986) is an American reality television participant, and the winner of the 11th season of Big Brother. Lloyd has also participated in reality shows including The Amazing Race 16, Big Brother 13 and Marriage Boot Camp.", "precise_score": 2.0298733711242676, "rough_score": 4.743485450744629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Lloyd was chosen to be a houseguest on the eleventh season of the CBS reality show Big Brother in the summer of 2009. As part of the season's high school cliques twist, Lloyd was placed in the popular clique, alongside Braden Bacha and Laura Crosby.", "precise_score": -2.3924853801727295, "rough_score": -0.2648886740207672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Following their appearance together on Big Brother, Lloyd confirmed in October 2009 that she had begun dating fellow contestant Jeff Schroeder. In May 2012, Lloyd and Schroeder moved together to Los Angeles. A web show entitled \"Jeff and Jordan do America\", which documented their trip to Los Angeles, aired on CBS Interactive in July 2012. Lloyd became engaged to Schroeder in September 2014, after he proposed to her in the backyard of the Big Brother house while they were visiting the season 16 houseguests. Their intended wedding date was October 1, 2016. On April 6, 2016, the couple announced that they had quietly married in the March of 2016 and are expecting their first child, a boy, due in October 2016. ", "precise_score": -1.0477584600448608, "rough_score": 4.514403343200684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "During the summer of 2010, Lloyd hosted a segment on RealPlayer SuperPass called \"Home Life With Jordan\" discussing Big Brother 12, along with fellow Big Brother alumna, Chelsia Hart.", "precise_score": -0.8450280427932739, "rough_score": -0.9612265825271606, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Big Brother is an originally Dutch reality game show franchise created by John de Mol. In the show, a group of people called \"housemates\" or \"house guests\" live together in a specially constructed large house that is isolated and cut off from the outside world. During their stay in the house, contestants are continuously monitored by live, in-house television cameras, as well as personal audio microphones. Each season lasts for about three months, with at least ten contestants entering the house during this time. To win the final cash prize, a contestant must survive periodic (usually weekly) evictions and be the last housemate or house guest remaining in the compound by the series' conclusion. In English-speaking countries, the program is often referred to as \"BB\". ", "precise_score": 2.624910831451416, "rough_score": 6.598100662231445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Although each country has made its own adaptations of the format, the contestants are confined to a specially-designed house where their every action is recorded by cameras and microphones and they are not permitted contact with the outside world. In most countries that have produced Big Brother the contestants have been known as \"housemates\"; however in the American and Canadian version they are referred to as \"house guests\". The term Big Brother originates from George Orwell's novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four. Besides living together under continuous observation, which is the chief attraction of the contest, the program relies on four basic props: (1) the stripped-bare back-to-basics environment in which they live, (2) the evictions, (3) the weekly tasks and competitions set by Big Brother and (4) the \"Diary or Confession Room\" where housemates convey their thoughts, feelings, and frustrations, and reveal their nominees for eviction. Contestants are required to evict one of their own on a regular basis. In the earlier series of Big Brother, contestants were evicted every two weeks, however, the UK version introduced weekly evictions; almost all versions of Big Brother now follow this format.", "precise_score": -5.796940803527832, "rough_score": -2.8589463233947754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Big Brother contestants are isolated in the house, without access to television, radio or the Internet. They are not permitted routine communication with the outside world. This was an important issue for most earlier series of the show. In more-recent series, contestants are occasionally allowed to view televised events (usually as a reward for winning at a task). In most versions of the program books and writing materials are also forbidden, although exceptions are sometimes made for religious materials such as the Bible, Tanakh or the Qur'an. Some versions ban all writing implements, even items that can be used to write (such as lipstick or eyeliner). Despite the housemates' isolation, some contestants are occasionally allowed to leave the house as part of tasks. Contestants are permitted to leave the house in an emergency.", "precise_score": -2.5705583095550537, "rough_score": -2.927170753479004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Big Brother 1 was the debut season of the American reality television series Big Brother. It was based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000. The series premiered on July 5, 2000 and lasted for a total of 88 days. The season concluded after 88 days with Eddie McGee being crowned the winner, and Josh Souza the runner-up. The premise of the series drastically differed from future installments of the series. The series revolved around ten strangers living in a house together with no communication with the outside world. They were constantly filmed during their time in the house, and were not permitted to communicate with those filming them. Every other week, each contestant, referred to as \"HouseGuests\", chose two people to be up for nomination. The two or more people with the most votes were nominated to leave the house. The viewers then decide which of the nominees should leave, with the selected person leaving during a live show. This process continued until only three HouseGuests remained, at which time the viewers would decide which of them would win the $500,000 grand prize.", "precise_score": -2.2639107704162598, "rough_score": -0.4337165653705597, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The first season of Big Brother featured two hosts, Julie Chen as the main host and Ian O'Malley as a co-host. On earning the job, O'Malley stated \"I didn’t really know what it was. This is the ground floor of reality television. [But] SAG went on strike [and it was] a very lengthy and very painful strike for many folks.\" O'Malley was later released from his contract after only one month on the series; he was bought out of his contract, which he later cited as a \"relief\".http://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/2007/09/big-brother-1-ian_omalley_interview/ Chen, who hoped to be a part of 60 Minutes in the future, initially turned down the offer to host the series as she did not want to be in the entertainment division of the network. Upon declining the offer, CBS News president Andrew Heyward told Chen that refusal to do the series could be seen as \"insubordination\". Chen clarified \"They said they needed someone who knows how to ask questions on live TV and I asked ‘Am I forever sealing the door on 60 Minutes?’ and [Heyward] said ‘yes,’”. Dr. Drew Pinsky and AOL Online Advisor Regina Lewis appeared once per week on the series to discuss the events in the house. The cast for the series was revealed during the premiere. HouseGuest William was revealed to be a member of the Black Panther Party, while Jamie was crowned Miss Washington USA the year prior to her participation on the show. HouseGuests Curtis and Josh had done modeling prior to entering the house. Jean Jordan had been an exotic dancer before entering the house, while Karen and George were married and had children. Cassandra and William were both African-American. Series creator John de Mol later stated \"The 10 people in our house, you can relate to them. It's the girl next door, it's the guy in the grocery store [...] It's ordinary people, and I think that Big Brother proves ordinary people can be interesting.\" ", "precise_score": -2.6840007305145264, "rough_score": -3.126167058944702, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Big Brother is a game show in which a group of contestants, referred to as HouseGuests, lived in a custom built \"house\", constantly under video surveillance. While in the house, the contestants were completely isolated from the outside world, meaning no phone, television, internet, magazines, newspaper, or contact with those not in the house. This rule could be broken, however, in the event of a family emergency or passing. During their time in the house, the HouseGuests were required to nominate two of their fellow contestants for potential banishment, and the two with the most votes would be nominated. Should multiple HouseGuests receive the most nominations, then all of the HouseGuests were marked for banishment. This process was mandatory for all HouseGuests, and failure to comply could result in expulsion from the house. The public, through a vote conducted by phone, would vote to banish one of the nominated HouseGuests from the house, and the HouseGuest with the most votes from the viewers would be banished from the house. When only three HouseGuests remained, the viewers would vote for which of them should win the series, and the HouseGuest with the most votes would become the winner. The HouseGuests were competing for a $500,000 cash prize, though the Runner-Up of the series would receive $100,000 and the second Runner-Up would receive $50,000.", "precise_score": -0.9362079501152039, "rough_score": -3.8385682106018066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Big Brother 1 premiered on July 5, 2000 in the US, with the season premiere having over 22 million viewers. Despite the high premiere, ratings for the series quickly began to decline, and the series quickly dropped out of the Top 10 slot in terms of viewers. Ratings began to decline even more following the banishments of Will \"Mega\" and Jordan, who were both seen as colorful characters in the game. Big Brother 1 was noted as having its highest ratings on Wednesdays, when it aired after the hugely successful Survivor: Borneo. The Saturday, July 8 episode was beaten out by an episode of the reality series Cops. This episode saw ratings lower from the previous episode. Ratings continued to drop, with at one point the series had fallen behind re-runs of shows such as Friends. The Monday, September 4 episode only achieved 5.5. Cassandra's banishment episode did see an increase in ratings, however, receiving 12.5 million viewers. The finale garnered 11.13 million viewers, beating out the Olympics. Despite the decline in ratings, the series' official website did receive a large amount of traffic, due to the live feed being available there. It was also noted that as the ratings decreased, traffic onto the main site increased. The online aspect of the series \"changed both the dynamic in the house and the TV show’s content\" according to the LA Daily News. It was also reported that the official website for the series was one of the most popular new websites for the month of July. ", "precise_score": -7.0454607009887695, "rough_score": -2.389882802963257, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Reality television saw an explosion of global popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with the successes of the Big Brother and Survivor/Expedition Robinson franchises.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.814659118652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Internationally, a number of shows created in the late 1990s and 2000s have had massive global success. At least ten reality-television franchises created during that time have had over 30 international adaptations each: the singing competition franchises Idols, Star Academy and The X Factor, other competition franchises Survivor/Expedition Robinson, Big Brother, Got Talent, Top Model, MasterChef, and Dancing with the Stars, and the investment franchise Dragons' Den. Several \"reality game shows\" from the same period have had even greater success, including Deal or No Deal, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, and Weakest Link, with over 50 international adaptions each. (All but two of these franchises, Top Model and Dragons' Den, were created by either British producers or the Dutch production company Endemol; and even Dragons' Den, which originated in Japan, has had most adaptations be based on the British version.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.152763366699219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "There have been various hybrid reality-competition shows, like the worldwide-syndicated Star Academy, which combines the Big Brother and Idol formats, The Biggest Loser, which combines competition with the self-improvement format, and American Inventor, which uses the Idol format for products instead of people. Some reality shows that aired mostly during the early 2000s, such as Popstars, Making the Band and Project Greenlight, devoted the first part of the season to selecting a winner, and the second part to showing that person or group of people working on a project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.102206707000732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "On most shows, immunity is quite a bit simpler: it is usually achieved by winning a task, often a relatively minor task during the first half of the episode; the announcement of immunity is made publicly and immunity is usually non-transferable. Competition shows that feature immunity include the Apprentice, Big Brother, Biggest Loser, Top Model and Top Chef franchises. In one Apprentice episode, a participant chose to waive his earned immunity and was immediately \"fired\" by Donald Trump for giving up this powerful asset. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.5045804977417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In hoax reality shows, a false premise is presented to some of the series participants; the rest of the cast may contain actors who are in on the joke. These shows often served to parody the conventions of the reality television genre. The first such show was the 2003 American series The Joe Schmo Show. Other examples are My Big Fat Obnoxious Boss (modeled after The Apprentice), My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiance, Hell Date (modeled after Blind Date), Superstar USA (modeled after American Idol), Bedsitcom (modeled after Big Brother), Space Cadets (which convinced the hoax targets that they were being flown into space), Invasion Iowa (in which a town was convinced that William Shatner was filming a movie there) and Reality Hell (which featured a different target and premise every episode).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.048242092132568, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Dead Set (2008) is a British television programme featuring a zombie apocalypse affecting the Big Brother house. Part of the film was shot during an actual eviction with host Davina McCall making a cameo appearance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.411160469055176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Dead Famous (2001) is a comedy/whodunit novel, also by Ben Elton, in which a contestant is murdered while on a Big Brother-like show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.352640151977539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reality television" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Big Brother", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.378846168518066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "During the first Big Brother 12 eviction show, nominee Annie Whittington cited Lloyd and Schroeder's relationship as an example of why her fellow houseguests should evict fellow nominee Rachel Reilly, who had become involved in a relationship with housemate Brendon Villegas. Lloyd and Schroeder later appeared in the fifth week of the season as hosts of a veto competition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.994419097900391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Despite the votes being locked to evict Daniele, Shelly began to have doubts about her alliance with Jeff and Jordan, and actively began campaigning to save Daniele, upsetting Jeff who engaged in an argument with Shelly shortly before the live show. The houseguest's learned it was Fast-Forward eviction night, and after Daniele was evicted, Kalia became the new Head of Household and nominated Jeff and Rachel for eviction. Jeff was unable to win the veto, and Shelly voted to evict Jeff, forcing a tie, which Kalia broke in Rachel's favor, resulting in Jeff's eviction. Jordan furiously declared the end of her friendship with Shelly, losing her temper in a rare moment of anger. With Porsche now in power, Rachel and Jordan felt doomed, but were given a chance of reprieve when Porsche opened Pandora's Box, re-activating the Duos twist for one week. Jordan paired up with Rachel, and despite initially being nominated as a pair, Rachel won the Veto, and used it on herself and Jordan, essentially giving them the choice of who to evict from the two replacement nominees – Adam and Shelly. One week after Jeff's eviction, Jordan and Rachel chose to take revenge on Shelly, evicting her in a 2-1 vote. Rachel then proceeded to win the next Head of Household competition, and despite Adam having the ability to use his Veto to put Jordan in a position of certain eviction, he chose to maintain his long-standing alliance with Jordan, pushing her into the final four. Wanting to keep her early deal with nominated houseguest Kalia, Jordan voted to evict Porsche on eviction night, aware that Rachel would break the resultant tie and evict Kalia anyway. The following week, Jordan narrowly lost the power position to Adam by a single point, and lost the Veto to Porsche, who also gained the sole power to choose who to evict of Jordan and Rachel. Jordan's choice to vote to evict Porsche two days previously came back to haunt her, and she was evicted from the game for the first time, after 69 days in the house. Jordan voted for Rachel to win Big Brother 13.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.905959129333496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Lloyd stated after winning season 11 of Big Brother that the first thing she would do with her half-million dollar win was to put a down-payment on a house for herself and her family. She subsequently bought and moved into a 3-bedroom townhouse in Waxhaw, North Carolina with her mother and brother. As planned, she went back to work at the salon and attended school. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.014777660369873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The ideas for Big Brother is said to have come during a brainstorming session at the Dutch-based international television production firm Endemol on 10 March 1997 . The first version of Big Brother was broadcast in 1999 on Veronica in the Netherlands. Since then the format has become a worldwide TV franchise, airing in many countries in a number of versions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.980185508728027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In the first season of most series of Big Brother, the house was very basic. Although essential amenities such as running water, furniture and a limited ration of food were provided, luxury items were often forbidden. This added a survivalist element to the show, increasing the potential for social tension. Nearly all later series provide a modern house for the contest with a jacuzzi, sauna, VIP suite, loft and other luxuries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.179577827453613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The contestants are required to do housework and are assigned tasks by the producers of the show (who communicate with the housemates via the omnipresent authority figure known to them only as \"Big Brother\"). The tasks are designed to test their teamwork abilities and community spirit; in some countries, the housemates' shopping budget or weekly allowance depends on the outcome of assigned tasks. The housemates have a weekly allowance, with which they can buy food and other essentials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61489486694336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Most international versions of the show remain quite similar to each other; their main format remains true to the original fly on the wall observational style with the emphasis on human relationships, to the extent that contestants are forbidden from discussing nominations or voting strategy. Since 2001 the American version adopted a different format from the others during its second season, where the contestants are encouraged to strategize to advance in the game. In this format the contestants themselves vote to evict each other. In 2011, the UK version controversially adapted the discussion of nominations before reverting this rule back after a poll by Big Brother broadcaster Channel 5. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.16469669342041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "From a sociological and demographic perspective, Big Brother allows an analysis of how people react when forced into close confinement with people outside of their comfort zone (with different opinions or ideals, or from a different socioeconomic group). The viewer has the opportunity to see how a person reacts from the outside (through the constant recording of their actions) and the inside (in the Diary or Confession Room). The Diary Room is where contestants can privately express their feelings about the game, strategy and the other contestants. The results range from violent or angry confrontations to genuine and tender connections (often including romantic interludes).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.578849792480469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Contestants have regularly-scheduled interactions with the show's host on eviction nights. Throughout each day the program's producer, in the \"Big Brother\" voice, issues directives and commands to contestants. Some versions of the show allow private counseling sessions with a psychologist. These are allowed at any time, and are often conducted by telephone from the Diary Room.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.488908767700195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Due to the intelligibility of certain languages across several nations, it has been possible to make regional versions of Big Brother. All these follow the normal Big Brother rules, except that contestants must come from each of the countries in the region where it airs: Big Brother Angola e Moçambique of Angola and Mozambique, Big Brother Africa of Africa (includes Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe), Big Brother: الرئيس of the Middle East (includes Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, and Tunisia), Gran Hermano del Pacífico of South America (includes Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru), Big Brother of Scandinavia (includes Norway and Sweden), and Veliki brat of the Balkans (includes Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia). The British version of the show accepts Irish applicants and was available between 2000 and 2010 as Channel 4 was available; as of 2015 the show returned to Irish screens as TV3 bought the rights from UK broadcaster Channel 5 to air the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.677388668060303, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In 2001, Big Brother 3 of the Netherlands introduced the \"Rich and Poor\" concept, wherein the house is separated into a luxurious half and a poor half and two teams of housemates fight for a place in the luxurious half. The Dutch version continued this concept until its fourth season. Other versions later followed and introduced a similar concept, of which some have their own twists: Africa (in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013), Albania (in 2010), Australia (in 2003 and 2013), Balkan States (in VIP 2010 and 2011), Brazil (in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014), Canada (2013–present), Denmark (in 2003), Finland (in 2009 and 2014), Germany (in 2003, 2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2008 and 2008–2009), Greece (in 2003), India (in 2012 and 2013), Israel (in 2009), Italy (in 2006 and 2007), Norway (in 2003), Philippines (in 2009, Teen 2010 and 2011), Poland (in 2002), Portugal (in VIP 2013), Slovakia (in 2005), Slovenia (in 2008, 2015 & 2016), Scandinavia (in 2005), South Africa (in 2014), Spain (in VIP 2004, 2008, 2009–2010 and 2010), United Kingdom (in 2002, Celebrity 2007, 2008 and Celebrity 2013), and United States (in 2009–present).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.874149322509766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Evil Big Brother", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307171821594238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In 2004, the fifth series of the UK version introduced an evil Big Brother. Big Brother becomes villainous with harsher punishments, such as taking away prize money, more difficult tasks and secret tricks. This concept has also been used in Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, South America, Scandinavia, Serbia, Spain, Thailand, the Philippines, and Mexico.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.380127906799316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In 2004, the Big Brother 5 of the US version introduced twins Adria & Natalie Montgomery. They were tasked to switch back and forth in the house. If they successfully changed places numerous times for five weeks without being caught, they could play the game as individual house guests. This twist was used again in 2015 during Big Brother 17 following slightly different rules: If they successfully changed places numerous times for five weeks without being evicted, they could play the game as individual house guests. The twins Liz and Julia Nolan were discovered after the first two weeks, but were not evicted before being able to play as individuals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.858834266662598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Secret missions are a common element of the show since their introduction during the sixth UK series. During these missions, one or more housemates are set a task from Big Brother with the reward of luxuries for the household and/or a personal reward if the task is successful. Some versions of Big Brother have secret tasks presented by another character who lives in plain sight of the housemate. Such characters include Marsha the Moose (from BB Canada) and Surly the Fish (from BB Australia).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.993639945983887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Since Big Brother 2, the UK series has opened with a twist. This has included the public choosing the final housemate from three possibilities (Big Brother 2); public voting for a housemate to leave during the first week and the housemates choosing between two housemates with the least number of votes (Big Brother 3); first-night nominations (Big Brother 4); suitcase nominations (Big Brother 5); Unlucky Housemate 13 (Big Brother 6); Big Brother Hood (Big Brother 7); an all-female house and a set of twins as contestants (Big Brother 8); a couple entering as housemates, who must hide their relationship (Big Brother 9); housemates having to earn housemate status (Big Brother 10); a mole entering the house with an impossible task (Big Brother 11); Jackie Stallone entering a house containing her son's ex-wife (Celebrity Big Brother 3); a non-celebrity in a celebrity edition (Celebrity Big Brother 4) and a visit from Jade Goody's family (Celebrity Big Brother 5). During Celebrity Big Brother 6 La Toya Jackson entered first, walked straight into a private bedroom (the bedrooms are usually locked until everyone has arrived) and put her bag on the bed to claim it as her own. Terry Christian became head of the house which was used at the end of the previous non-celebrity series and had to nominate three housemates for the first eviction; the others voted to save one of the nominees, Ben Adams, leaving Lucy Pinder and eventual winner Ulrika Jonsson to face the first eviction. In the summer series of 2009 the house was empty at first, with only crates to sit on. The new arrivals had to earn housemate status by completing tasks; Noirin Kelly was required to shave off her hair and draw a mustache and glasses on her face. Freddie Fisher and eventual winner Sophie Reade had to change their names by deed poll to Halfwit and Dogface. On day four, the six people who had not received housemate status were nominated for a public vote. The person with the fewest votes (Beinazir Lasharie) left, and the house was transformed into a \"Big Brother\" house. Other countries, such as Bulgaria, the United States and (previously) Australia, have also begun using opening-night twists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.78936767578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In Big Brother Australia 2013 Benjamin 'Ben' Zabel was \"fake\" evicted on Day 50. He was removed and put into the house's presidential suite, where he spent 24 hours without the other housemates knowing he was still in the house. He had immunity from eviction that week. After his 24 hours, Ben returned to the house. In Big Brother Australia 2014 Travis Lunardi was \"fake\" evicted and Ben who was fake evicted from the previous edition joined him for 24 hours to give him some advice. Travis returned after 3 days total in the Sanctuary — a small private house with a pool and some amenities. Like Ben from his fake eviction, Travis had immunity from eviction that week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.723800659179688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In Big Brother Brasil 13 Anamara Barreira was \"fake\" evicted. She was removed and put into a small private apartment without the other housemates knowing she was still in the house. After 24 hours, Anamara returned to the house as Head of Household and with immunity from eviction that week. In Big Brother Brasil 16, an similar situation happened, Ana Paula Renault was \"fake\" evicted. She was also removed and put into a small private apartment without the other housemates knowing she was still in the house. After 48 hours, Ana Paula returned to the house. She had immunity from eviction that week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.008313179016113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In first season of the Big Brother Türkiye, there's a fake eviction in week 10. Arsel and Hüseyin are part of the fake eviction. Also this week, Seda and Yasin returned the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.887404441833496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In Big Brother Canada 4, first Kelsey Faith and then Loveita Adams (who were rivals in the house) were evicted in a fake double eviction on Day 28. At the end of the episode, Kelsey and Loveita moved into a special suite where they were able to watch the remaining houseguests. A week later, the remaining houseguests were required to unanimously decide who to bring back into the house. The houseguests chose to bring back Kelsey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.449976921081543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "A similar event took place between the United States and Canada in 2014 wherein Rachel Reilly (from BB12/BB13) made a video chat to Canada (BB2). Rachel Reilly also appeared on Big Brother Canada's side show, which airs after the eviction episode once a week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.809812545776367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Task visits: Cathrine Petersen and Henrik Andreassen of Denmark's BB4 and Patricia Andersen and Umar Nyonyintono of Sweden's BB6 visited each country's Big Brother Houses for 7 days in 2012.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.353262901306152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Current-to-evicted housemate exchange: Evicted Laisa Portella of Brazil (housemate from BBB12) was exchanged with Non-Evicted Noemí Merino of Spain's GH13 in 2012. Portella stayed in the Spanish Big Brother House for 7 days, while Merino stayed in the Brazilian Big Brother house for 5 days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.959522247314453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Telephone: Gran Hermano Argentina Series 4 (GH4) added a telephone in the living room. This telephone rang once a week for ten seconds, and if nobody picked up the call, the full house would be nominated for eviction. The first person to pick up the receiver was given an order or news from Big Brother, either to their benefit or against them. If an order was refused, they would be nominated for eviction. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.670501708984375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In Germany, a new sixth-season version of the show was Big Brother - Das Dorf (Big Brother - The Village). The season ended after 363 days in February 2006 because of low ratings. For season seven, RTL II switched back to a traditional version. The fourth Greek season introduced a mother. During the tenth week of the seventh UK season, the housemates were paired with their \"best friend\" in the house and had to nominate and face eviction as couples. The ninth American season added a romantic aspect by pairing up the housemates up and having them compete as couples.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.931185722351074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The ninth Brazilian season featured the \"Bubble\": a glass house in a shopping mall in Rio de Janeiro where four potential housemates lived for a week. Later in the season a bubble was built inside the Big Brother house, with another two housemates living in it for a week until they were voted in and the glass house dismantled. The Glass House later was reused in the eleven season, featuring five evicted housemates competing for a chance to join the house again and in thirteen Brazilian season, with six potential housemates competing for two places in the main house.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.928487777709961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "A familiar twist occurred in the second celebrity edition of the Philippine version, where two housemates related by profession or family played as one. Also in the Philippine version, the second season of the teen edition, also featured the parents/guardians of the teens that are staying in the house. The parents had their own living quarters and were considered as housemates. If a teen housemate was evicted, the coinciding parent/guardian would also be evicted. In Celebrity Hijack UK evicted housemates were given the opportunity to choose if a \"ninja\" delivered good or bad gifts to the house. Later that year Big Brother Australia 2008 introduced the Housemate Hand Grenade, where an evicted housemate decided which housemate received a penalty. Big Brother 5 of Bulgaria, which began in early 2010, introduced a new family format (Big Brother Family). Whole families entered the house with their spouses, children and relatives. They received a salary for their stay and the winning family received a cash prize, a car and an apartment. The eleventh American season featured Pandora's Box, in which the winning head of household was tempted (with money, a celebrity visit or time alone with a loved one) to open a box. If an HoH chooses to open Pandora's Box, however, there may be unintended consequences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.918375015258789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The twelfth American season featured a saboteur, who entered the house to wreak havoc with tasks suggested by viewers. Big Brother Africa 6 in 2011 was the first season of Big Brother to have two winners, each getting $200,000. The thirteenth American season introduced Dynamic Duos, where eight new house guests would enter the house with three duos from past seasons. The fourth Philippine season featured Unli-Day and Unli-Night, where two separate groups of housemates were covered in two separate programs. It also introduced reserved housemates, shortlisted auditioners who were given a chance to be a housemate by completing tasks assigned by Big Brother (this was also done in Argentina's seventh season). The Philippine version introduced the 100-second session, in which housemates are given a chance to be with their loved ones for only 100 seconds in the Confession Room. The fourteenth American season had four house guests from past seasons returning to the house to coach twelve new house guests. The four returning house guests played their own game for a separate prize of $100,000 until they joined the normal game later after a reset twist. The fifteenth American season Introduced the Big Brother M.V.P twist where every week, the viewers would vote one of the house guests who the viewers thought was playing the best game, also introduced three nominations in the US version where the HOH would nominate the first two houseguests for eviction (like in previous seasons) while the 3rd nomination is made by the M.V.P of that week in a further twist for the M.V.P, the viewers decided who the 3rd nominee would be for the week, half way into the season the M.V.P twist ended and the show continued on with just 2 nominees a week as in previous seasons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.283195495605469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "In the fourteenth Brazilian season, 7 mothers and 2 aunts, relatives of the 9 remaining housemates, entered the Big Brother Brasil house to celebrate International Women's Day. The housemates could not see or touch their relatives because the house was divided by a wall. An improvised house was assembled for the mothers and aunts. They stayed in the house for 6 days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.335262298583984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Celebrity and VIP Big Brother", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.039146423339844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The Big Brother format has been adapted in some countries; the housemates are local celebrities, and the shows are called Celebrity Big Brother or Big Brother VIP. In some countries, the prize money normally awarded to the winning housemate is donated to a charity, and all celebrities are paid to appear in the show as long as they do not voluntarily leave before their eviction or the end of the series. The rest of the rules are nearly the same as those of the original version. The celebrity version has become particularly popular in the UK, causing UK broadcaster Channel 5 to extend its deal with Endemol enabling them to air two celebrity series in addition to the civilian version every year from 2012, again in 2013 and again in 2014, with the first of the two series having already aired this year (the first being in January and the second after the main series in the summer). In Bulgaria, VIP Brother has replaced the original format of the show and more seasons of the celebrity edition have been produced compared to the regular one. Due to the show's popularity there, it lasts for two months unlike most countries where it only airs for a month.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.435920715332031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The 2006 Netherlands series was entitled Hotel Big Brother. This variation introduced a group of celebrity hoteliers and a Big Boss, who run a hotel and collect money for charity without nominations, evictions or a winner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.252106666564941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Another variation appeared in the UK in early 2008, entitled Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack. This temporarily replaced the 2007 Celebrity Big Brother in the wake of a racial-abuse incident. Instead of celebrities playing housemates the celebrities became Big Brother himself, creating tasks and holding nominations with the help of Big Brother. The housemates were considered by the producers \"Britain's most exceptional and extraordinary\" 18- to 21-year-olds. The prize for the winner of the series was £50,000. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.988508224487305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The United States and Canada's version of Big Brother is different from most versions of the series. The American series began in 2000 with a format much similar to the international format, however, due to poor ratings and the strong popularity of Survivor, beginning in the second season, a more game play-oriented format was implemented where the contestants are encouraged to strategize and form alliances with others to avoid weekly eviction and improve their chance at winning. For this new format, a group of 12 to 16 contestants, known as \"HouseGuests,\" compete to win the series by voting each other off and being the last HouseGuest remaining. One HouseGuest, known as the Head of Household (HoH), must nominate two of their fellow house guests for eviction. The winner of the Power of Veto (PoV, introduced in the 3rd American season) has the option to save one of the nominees for eviction, forcing the HoH to nominate another house guest in his or her place. The HouseGuest then vote to evict one of the nominees, and the HouseGuest with the most votes is evicted. When only two HouseGuests remain, the most recently evicted HouseGuests (generally 7) form The Jury and decide which of the two remaining house guests would win the grand prize.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.359999656677246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The Big Brother format has been otherwise modified in some countries:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.064606666564941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Big Brother: All-Stars (Belgium, 21 days; Bulgaria: Season 1–4, 27–29 days; United States, 72 days; United Kingdom, 18 days; Canada, 64 days; Africa, 91 days; Spain, 56 days; Portugal Secret Story: Season 1–4, 22–50 days): Previous housemates from previous seasons compete. Belgium was the first country to have an All-Stars season (2003). Bulgaria was the first country to have 3 All-Stars season (2014). Portugal was the first country to have 4 All-Stars season (2015)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.333525657653809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Big Brother: Reality All-Stars (Sweden, 6 days; Denmark, 32 days; Spain, 56 days): Contestants from different reality shows, including Big Brother, compete.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.59228801727295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Big Brother: You Decide / Big Brother: Back in the House / Big Brother: Try Out (Poland: Season 1–2, 7–13 days; Norway, 9 days; Serbia, 7 days): Housemates, new or old, compete for a spot in the next regular season without nominations or evictions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.673093795776367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Teen Big Brother: The Experiment| (United Kingdom, 10 days; Philippines: Season 1–4, 42–91 days): Teen aged 13 and older compete.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.897022247314453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Pinoy Big Brother: All In, 737 and Lucky 7: A mix of Teenagers, regular adults, and celebrities compete in one season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.48376178741455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "* Big Brother Panto (UK)| (United Kingdom, 11 days): Housemates from previous series spent time in the Big Brother House to perform a pantomime at the series' end.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.594871520996094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "For their tenth year celebration, the Philippines held Pinoy Big Brother: 737, where two editions were held in one season, a teen edition and a regular edition for adult housemates. Two sets of four finalists from each batch made it to the finale, which resulted to having two winners for this season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.481383323669434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Through 10 July 2016, Big Brother has produced 381 winners in over 54 franchises. The most recent winner is Jason Burrill from United Kingdom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.339127540588379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "There have been two documented occurrences of possible rape happening during the show. In Big Brother South Africa a male housemate was accused of assaulting a fellow housemate while she was asleep. The pair were filmed kissing and cuddling in bed before the cameras moved away and the male housemate reportedly claimed to housemates the next day that he had intercourse with the contestant. However, the female housemate was apparently shocked by the claims and informed female housemates that she had not consented to having sex with him. (Under South African law, this act would be constituted as rape.) This male housemate was expelled immediately after the allegations surfaced, while the female housemate was removed from the house for her own protection and counselling. In Big Brother Brazil, many viewers reported that they watched a male housemate allegedly force himself on a female housemate while she was passed out drunk after a \"boozy party.\" As a result, the male housemate was later escorted out of the Big Brother house by the police.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.007650375366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother (franchise)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The series first launched in Netherlands, with editions in countries such as Germany proving to be hits with the public. Following the international success of the series, a bidding war for the rights to series engaged between CBS, ABC, and a cable network, with the series initially set to last 100 days. Mark Itkin, the senior vice president of William Morris, was quoted as saying, \"I had no idea the bidding would be so hot. But the show has so many elements, from being on 100 days in a row to an Internet component that is especially attractive to networks.\" Ultimately, it was confirmed that the show had been picked up by CBS for an estimated $20 million. It was later reported that production costs added to an estimated $200,000 per episode. Paul Romer, co-creator of the original series, served as the Executive Producer for the series. On the concept, Romer stated \"The show is all about human interactions. It's people who are, loving each other, hating each other. They fight, they cry, they laugh -- all emotions, we'll see in the house.\" In a later interview, Romer added \"The first thing people think of when they hear the Big Brother idea are the sexual things, the nudity, the sexual activity in the house [...] That's not what the show is about.\" The series was one of the first reality shows to air, and required a crew of over 150 people. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.126905918121338, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The first season of Big Brother premiered on July 5, 2000. The premiere was filmed on July 4, 2000. The series initially aired five nights per week, though a sixth episode was later added into the schedule. The addition of a sixth episode per week caused the live banishment episode to move to Wednesday instead of Thursday. Four of these episodes were half-hour daily recap episodes, while one episode was an hourly-long weekly recap; the sixth episode was the live banishment. During the live banishment, the HouseGuest who exits the house was subject to an interview with host Julie Chen. The first season had a total of 67 episodes, the most for any season to date. This season lasted for a total of 88 days. The theme song for the series, known as \"Live\", was performed by Jonathan Clarke. It was played during the closing credits of each episode, and segments of the theme were played throughout the show. Viewers of the series could also watch the live feeds in the house, which were available for free on the official website. The feed was edited for music copyrights and to protect the privacy of some contestants. The feeds also featured a disclaimer for users under the age of 21, due to unedited aspect to the feeds. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.430075645446777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "The first season of Big Brother featured ten HouseGuests, each of which were complete strangers. All of the HouseGuests were from different states except for Eddie and Curtis, both of whom were from New York. Eddie was the youngest HouseGuests, at 21, while Karen was the oldest, at 43. The viewers were introduced to Beth, a potential eleventh HouseGuest, though she ultimately did not enter. Big Brother 1 is the only season to feature ten HouseGuests, with subsequent seasons featuring at least twelve or more.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.09880256652832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "George Boswell returned for Big Brother: All-Stars, he finished in 5th. He also returned for Big Brother 10 to host a food competition along with other Big Brother alumnus. George is the only houseguest for Big Brother 1 to appear on a future season on the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.594404220581055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "HouseGuests were given their new weekly task, which required them to memorize all of the major highways in the country. They would then be required to state what highways would get them from one city to another. The group wagered 20% of their shopping budget on this task, which they passed. The group was later given a new task in which they were required to paint each other like animals. In another task for the week, HouseGuests competed in a sumo wrestling competition in an attempt to win a luxury massage. Eddie was the winner, with former HouseGuest William secretly giving him a bad massage. For their next weekly task, the HouseGuests were required to have two HouseGuests dancing at all times. When cued, all HouseGuests would be required to dance at the same time. They passed this task, which they wagered 20% of their weekly budget on. On Day 50, the HouseGuests participated in their fourth round of nominations. Due to a tie in the voting, Brittany, Cassandra, Curtis, Eddie, George, and Josh were all marked for banishment. For the first time, all of the HouseGuests received at least one nomination from their fellow HouseGuests. That same night, Jamie won a two-minute conversation with a casting director due to winning a task earlier in the week. HouseGuests were later given a task in which they had to name a \"Mr. and Miss Big Brother 2000\", with Eddie, Brittany, and Cassandra being given the title; they won a dinner with the meal of their choice. On Day 57, Jamie was given a live task in which she was able to co-host the episode with Julie Chen, including announce who had been banished from the house. That night, it was revealed that Brittany had become the fourth HouseGuest to be banished from the house when she received 34% of the public vote. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.349771499633789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "HouseGuests were given their new weekly task, in which they were required to determine whether or not specific news articles had actually appeared in the news or not. The group wagered 50% of their weekly shopping budget on the task, which they passed. The group was later given another task in which they played the Big Brother board game. On Day 81, the HouseGuests participated in their second round of live nominations. Due to a tie in the voting, all four of the remaining HouseGuests were marked for banishment. This was the final round of nominations for the season. Former HouseGuest Cassandra entered the house as a guest that same night, as the HouseGuests had selected her to return days prior. Due to a new task, Josh was selected to become a saboteur in the house, and performed tasks such as setting time back on the potato clock. If one of the other three HouseGuests correctly guessed that Josh was the saboteur, they would win a new flat screen television; Curtis won this prize. On Day 85, Jamie became the seventh HouseGuest to be banished from the house as she had received 31% of the public vote. Chiquita also exited the house that night, and was adopted by a couple upon her exit. On Day 88, it was revealed that Curtis had come in third place, receiving 14% of the public vote to win. Minutes later, it was revealed that Josh had come in second place with 27% of the public vote, meaning Eddie had been crowned the winner with a total of 59% of the public vote. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.843975067138672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Big Brother 1 has typically been cited as \"boring\" by critics and fans of the series. John Carman of The San Francisco Chronicle stated \"Wondering 'Will Karen run out of Kleenex?' is about the most interesting thing about Big Brother.\" Comedian Kathy Griffin (who has since become a fan of the series, making guest appearances in Big Brother 16 and Big Brother 17) mocked the series, stating \"Do you guys [watch] those ‘tards on Big Brother?\" Joyce Millman of Salon.com felt that ratings for the series dropped due to the \"boring\" cast. The New York Times later reported that CBS was disappointed with the series. Les Moonves, CBS chief, stated that the \"casting sucked\" for the series, leading to its disappointing run.http://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/2001/01/big-brother-1-the_casting_sucked/ He later stated \"there were more provocative storylines that could have been followed that were dropped.\" John de Mol, the creator of the series and owner of Endemol, blamed not only the casting but the changes made to the show and format to suit American audiences. Executive producer Paul Romer felt that the group of HouseGuests were \"too aware of the cameras\" and were concerned with \"how they'd look on TV.\" Former co-host Ian O'Malley claimed he predicted the series would be panned, stating \"I knew the critics were probably going to go bananas because of the voyeuristic aspect.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.673943519592285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Upon its announcement, the series has come under fire for both controversy and criticism. After the premiere of the first season, Chicago attorney Marvin Rosenblum filed a lawsuit against CBS, then corporate parent Viacom, and the production company Orwell Productions for alleged copyright infringement. Rosenblum, a producer of the film 1984, owns the film and TV rights to the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four and claimed the show \"illegally borrows from it.\" Rosenblum accused the network of illegally using the Big Brother moniker from the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four and \"deceiving the public into thinking the author's classic novel was the origin of the show.\" CBS, Viacom, and Orwell Productions filed a motion to dismiss the $20 million lawsuit. The dismissal was denied on January 4, 2001. In 2001 Rosenblum, CBS and Viacom settled the lawsuit under undisclosed terms. The decision to select Chen as the host of the series caused much debate, mainly due to her role on the talk show The Early Show. Andy Rooney of 60 Minutes said Chen's participation in the series was \"a further deterioration of news standards\", and further controversy arose when it was revealed some of Chen's lines had been scripted. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.622188568115234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Numerous events occurred during the game that sparked controversy as well. The show's security was breached early in the series when two publicity-seeking screenwriters threw a tennis ball stuffed with fake news stories - including one in which then President of the United States, Bill Clinton, purportedly called Big Brother a \"national disgrace\" - into the house's garden after finding it was unguarded. The HouseGuests were also communicated with by a plane towing a banner reading: \"Big Brother is worse than you think. Get out now.\" The show also came under criticism after HouseGuest George Boswell's wife and family began campaigning for viewers to vote out some of the more popular HouseGuests to keep George in the game. Recently evicted HouseGuest Brittany, who was permitted to talk to Josh for a certain amount of time, informed Josh of this news. Various \"anti-George\" banners were flown over the house, leading Josh to inform them of the news. Various other points in the game led to the HouseGuests feeling they were being portrayed poorly, and they would often be required to do acts they didn't necessarily feel like doing. George then decided he would walk from the game, and attempted to convince the other HouseGuests to walk with him as well during a live episode. Ultimately, none of the HouseGuests chose to leave the game. There was speculation that CBS had hired for the banners to be flown over the house, though this was never confirmed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.230049133300781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" }, { "answer": "Big Brother", "passage": "Despite the lack of strong ratings and numerous controversies surrounding the series, Big Brother did help earn CBS a 17% increase for its time slot, and was ultimately renewed in September 2000 for a second season. It was then confirmed, however, that there would be numerous changes to the format of the series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.188929557800293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Big Brother 1 (U.S.)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "The Rock 'n' Roll Capital of the World", "Cleveland, Cuyahoga, Ohio", "Cleveland, Ohio", "Clevelnad", "The Cleve", "Government of Cleveland, Ohio", "Cleveland, Ohio, US", "Cleaveland", "Urban community school", "Ohio Cleveland", "Cleveland, Ohio, USA", "Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.", "Cleveland, OH.", "Sixth City", "Cleveland, oh", "UN/LOCODE:USCLE", "Cleveland,ohio", "The Rock and Roll Capital of the World", "Cleveland, USA", "Poznan, Ohio", "Cleveland Ohio", "Cleveland (OH)", "Sister Cities of Cleveland, Ohio", "Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.", "Cleveland, Oh", "Cleveland (Ohio)", "Government of Cleveland", "Sister cities of Cleveland, Ohio", "Urban Community School", "Cleveland, ohio", "Cleveland", "Cleveland, OH" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "rock and roll capital of world", "cleveland ohio us", "cleaveland", "sister cities of cleveland ohio", "cleve", "cleveland", "cleveland cuyahoga ohio", "cleveland ohio", "government of cleveland ohio", "cleveland ohio u s", "un locode uscle", "rock n roll capital of world", "cleveland oh", "cleveland usa", "poznan ohio", "government of cleveland", "cleveland ohio usa", "urban community school", "ohio cleveland", "sixth city", "clevelnad" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "cleveland ohio", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Cleveland, Ohio" }

[ { "answer": "Cleveland, Ohio", "passage": "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20, 1983, by Atlantic Records founder and chairman Ahmet Ertegun to recognize and archive the history of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures, who have each had some major influence on the development of rock and roll. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fame's permanent home. Since opening in September 1995, the \"Rock Hall\" – part of the city's redeveloped North Coast Harbor – has hosted more than 10 million visitors and had a cumulative economic impact estimated at more than $1.8 billion. ", "precise_score": 7.626413822174072, "rough_score": 8.71618366241455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees. The formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times (1986–92, 1994–96, 1998–2008, 2010–11, 2014, and 2016); twice in Los Angeles (1993 and 2013); and four times in the Hall of Fame's home in Cleveland (1997, 2009, 2012, and 2015). Beginning in 2018, the induction ceremonies will alternate each year between Cleveland and New York. ", "precise_score": 5.353543758392334, "rough_score": 6.989142894744873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "Artists are inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at an annual induction ceremony. Over the years, the majority of the ceremonies have been held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. However, on January 12, 1993, the ceremony was held in Los Angeles, and was held there again in 2013. On May 6, 1997, about a year and a half after the opening of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, the ceremony was held in Cleveland. It returned to Cleveland in 2009 and again in 2012. Current plans call for the ceremony to be in Cleveland every three years. ", "precise_score": 5.724850177764893, "rough_score": 5.915339946746826, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's Library and Archives is the world's most comprehensive repository of materials related to the history of rock and roll. The Library and Archives is located in a new building on the Metro Campus of Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland's Campus District.", "precise_score": 2.147913694381714, "rough_score": 2.0999996662139893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "Founder Ahmet Ertegun assembled a team that included attorney Suzan Evans, Rolling Stone magazine editor and publisher Jann S. Wenner, attorney Allen Grubman, and record executives Seymour Stein, Bob Krasnow, and Noreen Woods. The Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia (home of Bill Haley and American Bandstand), Memphis (home of Sun Studios and Stax Records), Detroit (home of Motown Records), Cincinnati (home of King Records), New York City, and Cleveland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9378886222839355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "Cleveland lobbied for the museum, citing that WJW disc jockey Alan Freed both coined the term \"rock and roll\" and heavily promoted the new genre—and that Cleveland was the location of Freed's Moondog Coronation Ball, the first major rock and roll concert. In addition, Cleveland cited radio station WMMS, which played a key role in breaking several major acts in the U.S. during the 1970s and 80s, including artist David Bowie, who began his first U.S. tour in the city, Bruce Springsteen, Roxy Music, and Rush among many others. Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.897359609603882, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in public money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, and Cleveland ranked first in a 1986 USA Today poll asking where the Hall of Fame should be located. On May 5, 1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland. \"The hall of fame should've been in Memphis, certainly,\" wrote Peter Guralnick, author of acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4387107193470001, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "Cleveland may also have been chosen as the organization's site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, \"It was $65 million... Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money.\" Co-founder Jann Wenner later said, \"One of the small sad things is we didn't do it in New York in the first place,\" but then added, \"I am absolutely delighted that the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is in Cleveland.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.449891567230225, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, the Foundation's board considered the Cuyahoga River. Ultimately, the chosen location was in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, just east of Cleveland Browns Stadium and the Great Lakes Science Center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.828242778778076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "The 2009 and 2012 induction weeks were made possible by a public–private partnership between the City of Cleveland, the State of Ohio, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and local foundations, corporations, civic organizations and individuals. Collectively these entities invested $5.8 million in 2009 and $7.9 million in 2012 to produce a week of events, including free concerts, a gospel celebration, exhibition openings, free admission to the museum, and induction ceremonies filled with both fans and VIPs at Public Hall. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.166143536567688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "The Cleve", "passage": "Millions viewed the television broadcast of the Cleveland inductions; tens of thousands traveled to Ohio during induction week to participate in Induction-related events. The economic impact of the 2009 induction week activities was more than $13 million, and it provided an additional $20 million in media exposure for the region. The 2012 induction week yielded similar results. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395234107971191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "There are seven levels in the building. On the lower level is the Ahmet M. Ertegun Exhibition Hall, the museum's main gallery. It includes exhibits on the roots of rock and roll (gospel, blues, rhythm & blues and folk, country and bluegrass). It also features exhibits on cities that have had a major impact on rock and roll: Memphis, Detroit, London and Liverpool, San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York and Seattle. There are exhibits about soul music, the Fifties, Sun Records, Atlantic Records, Cleveland's rock and roll legacy, the music of the Midwest, rock and roll radio and dee-jays, and the many protests against rock and roll. This gallery also has exhibits that focus on individual artists, including the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix and others. Finally, the Ahmet M. Ertegun Exhibition Hall includes two theaters, one of which features a film about the roots of rock and roll and one that features films on various subjects. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.556290626525879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "\"In designing this building,\" Pei said, \"it was my intention to echo the energy of rock and roll. I have consciously used an architectural vocabulary that is bold and new, and I hope the building will become a dramatic landmark for the city of Cleveland and for fans of rock and roll around the world.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.114328384399414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "That exhibit was followed by Elvis is in the Building, an exhibit about the \"King of Rock and Roll\", which ran from August 8, 1998, to September 5, 1999. This year-long tribute was the first ever special exhibit devoted to a single artist, Elvis Presley, the first inductee into the RRHOF in 1986. Graceland supplied a significant selection of representative artifacts for this special tribute spanning Elvis' life and legendary career. (see Larry G. Keeter, \"Elvis Is In the Building,\" \"Elvis International Forum,\" Summer 2000, pp. 28–29) Next, the museum curated Roots, Rhymes and Rage: The Hip-Hop Story. That was the first major museum exhibit to focus on hip-hop. It ran from November 11, 1999, to August 6, 2000. It was followed by Rock Style, an exhibit that focused on rock and roll and fashion. It featured clothing from Buddy Holly to Alice Cooper, from Ray Charles to David Bowie and from Smokey Robinson to Sly Stone. After it closed in Cleveland, Rock Style traveled to other museums in the U.S.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.290719985961914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "Other large temporary exhibits have focused on the Clash (Revolution Rock: The Story of the Clash), the Doors (Break on Through: The Lasting Legacy of the Doors), the Who's Tommy (Tommy: The Amazing Journey), and Bruce Springsteen (From Asbury Park to the Promised Land: The Life and Music of Bruce Springsteen). Another thematic temporary exhibit focused on the role of women in rock and roll (Women Who Rock: Vision, Passion, Power). Both the Springsteen exhibit and the Women Who Rock exhibits traveled to other museums after closing in Cleveland. The museum's current major temporary exhibit is about the Rolling Stones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.664045333862305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "answer": "Cleveland", "passage": "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's most acclaimed program is the annual American Music Masters series. Each year the Museum celebrates one of the Hall's inductees with a week-long series of programs that include interviews, film screenings, and, often, a special exhibit. The celebration ends with an all-star concert held at a Cleveland theater. The concerts include a diverse mix of artists, from Hall of Fame inductees to contemporary musicians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8954514265060425, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "11", "eleven" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "eleven", "11" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "11", "type": "Numerical", "value": "11" }

[ { "answer": "11", "passage": "Because they tend to have strong flavors and are used in small quantities, spices tend to add few calories to food, even though many spices, especially those made from seeds, contain high portions of fat, protein, and carbohydrate by weight. Many spices, however, can contribute significant portions of micronutrients to the diet. For example, a teaspoon of paprika contains about 1133 IU of Vitamin A, which is over 20% of the recommended daily allowance specified by the US FDA. When used in larger quantity, spices can also contribute a substantial amount of minerals, including iron, magnesium, calcium, and many others, to the diet.", "precise_score": -9.475351333618164, "rough_score": -7.212099552154541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spice" }, { "answer": "11", "passage": "The military prowess of Afonso de Albuquerque (1453–1515) allowed the Portuguese to take control of the sea routes to India. In 1506, he took the island of Socotra in the mouth of the Red Sea and, in 1507, Ormuz in the Persian Gulf. Since becoming the viceroy of the Indies, he took Goa in India in 1510, and Malacca on the Malay peninsula in 1511. The Portuguese could now trade directly with Siam, China, and the Maluku Islands. The Silk Road complemented the Portuguese sea routes, and brought the treasures of the Orient to Europe via Lisbon, including many spices.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.493387222290039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Spice" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Turbotime", "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "King candy", "Vanellope von Schweetz", "Wreck It Ralph", "Turbo Tastic", "Fix-It Felix Jr", "Cy-bugs", "Joe Jump", "Hero's Duty", "Wreck-It Ralph 2", "Vanellope Von Schweetz", "Wreck it Ralph", "Wreck-It Ralph (soundtrack)", "Fix-It Felix, Jr.", "Fix-It Felix Jr (Game)", "Fix-It Felix", "Sugar Rush Speedway", "Fix-It Felix Jr.", "Wreck-it Ralph", "Wreck it ralph", "Wreck-It Ralph (character)", "Reboot Ralph", "Fix-it Felix", "King Candy", "Wrek it ralph", "Turbotastic", "Reboot Ralph (2012 film)", "Wreck-It Ralph" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "vanellope von schweetz", "hero s duty", "fix it felix jr game", "fix it felix jr", "cy bugs", "wreck it ralph 2", "turbotime", "wreck it ralph character", "reboot ralph", "wrek it ralph", "fix it felix", "joe jump", "wreck it ralph soundtrack", "sugar rush speedway", "turbo tastic", "turbotastic", "reboot ralph 2012 film", "king candy", "wreck it ralph" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "fix it felix jr", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Fix-It Felix, Jr" }

[ { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "Wreck-It Ralph is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated fantasy-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 52nd animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. The film was directed by Rich Moore, who has directed episodes of The Simpsons and Futurama, and the screenplay was written by Phil Johnston and Jennifer Lee from a story by Moore, Johnston and Jim Reardon. John Lasseter served as the executive producer. The film features the voices of John C. Reilly, Sarah Silverman, Jack McBrayer, and Jane Lynch. The film tells the story of the eponymous arcade game villain who rebels against his role and dreams of becoming a hero. He travels between games in the arcade, and ultimately must eliminate a dire threat that could affect the entire arcade, and one that Ralph himself inadvertently started.", "precise_score": 5.961555004119873, "rough_score": 4.798807144165039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "When Litwak's Family Fun Center & Arcade closes at night, the various video-game characters leave their normal in-game roles and are free to travel to other games. Within the game Fix-It Felix, Jr., the characters celebrate its titular hero but ostracize the game's villain character, Wreck-It Ralph. At a support group for video-game antagonists, Ralph reveals his desire to stop being the bad guy. Back home, Ralph finds the other characters celebrating their game's 30th anniversary without inviting him. Felix reluctantly invites Ralph to join them, but the others isolate him. They tell him that if he won a medal, just as Felix does in their game, they would respect him.", "precise_score": 5.174009799957275, "rough_score": 5.373779773712158, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "In addition to the spoken roles, Wreck-It Ralph contains a number of other video game references, including characters and visual gags. The video game villains at the support meeting, in addition to those mentioned above, include: Bowser from the Mario franchise, Doctor Eggman from Sonic the Hedgehog, and Neff from Altered Beast. ", "precise_score": 6.024723529815674, "rough_score": 5.439150810241699, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "John Lasseter, the head of Walt Disney Animation Studios and executive producer of the film, describes Wreck-It Ralph as \"an 8-bit video-game bad guy who travels the length of the arcade to prove that he's a good guy.\" In a manner similar to Who Framed Roger Rabbit and the Toy Story films, Wreck-It Ralph featured cameo appearances by a number of licensed video-game characters. For example, one scene from the film shows Ralph attending a support group for the arcade's various villain characters, including Clyde from Pac-Man, Doctor Eggman from Sonic the Hedgehog, and Bowser from Super Mario Bros. Rich Moore, the film's director, had determined that for a film about a video-game world to feel authentic, \"it had to have real characters from real games in it.\" Moore aimed to add licensed characters in a similar manner as cultural references in Looney Tunes shorts, but considered \"having the right balance so a portion of the audience didn't feel they were being neglected or talked down to.\" However, Moore avoided creating the movie around existing characters, feeling that \"there's so much mythology and baggage attached to pre-existing titles that I feel someone would be disappointed,\" and considered this to be a reason why movies based on video game franchises typically fail. Instead, for Ralph, the development of new characters representative of the 8-bit video game was \"almost like virgin snow,\" giving them the freedom to take these characters in new directions.", "precise_score": 6.204095363616943, "rough_score": 6.539578914642334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "The first trailer for Wreck-It Ralph was released on June 6, 2012, debuting with Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted and Rock of Ages. This also coincided with the 2012 Electronic Entertainment Expo, for which Disney constructed a mock aged arcade cabinet for the fictional Fix-It Felix, Jr. game on display on the show floor. Disney also released a browser-based Flash-based version of the Fix-It Felix, Jr. game as well as iOS, Android and Windows Phone versions, with online Unity-based versions of Sugar Rush and Hero's Duty. A second trailer for the film was released on Sep 12, 2012, coinciding with Finding Nemo 3D and Frankenweenie.", "precise_score": 5.129720211029053, "rough_score": 3.7605018615722656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "Wreck-It Ralph was released on Blu-ray Disc (2D and 3D) and DVD in North America on March 5, 2013 from Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment. The film was made available for digital download in selected regions on Feb 12, 2013. Wreck-It Ralph debuted at #1 in Blu-ray and DVD sales in the United States. ", "precise_score": 4.072975158691406, "rough_score": 6.979367733001709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "In addition to the Flash version of the Fix-It Felix, Jr. game, Disney released a tie-in side-scrolling platform game called Wreck-It Ralph for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS, and Nintendo DS, to mostly negative reviews. The arcade style side-scrolling game was produced in collaboration between Disney Interactive and Activision and serves as a \"story extension\" to the film. Taking place following the events of the film, players may play as Wreck-It Ralph or Fix-It Felix, causing or repairing damage, respectively, following another Cy-Bug incident. Game levels are based on the locations in the film like the Fix-It Felix, Jr., Hero's Duty, and Sugar Rush games as well as Game Central Station. It was released in conjunction with the film's release, in November 2012. ", "precise_score": 6.105677127838135, "rough_score": 6.344075679779053, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "Wreck-It Ralph premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on October 29, 2012, and went into general release on November 2. The film has earned $471 million in worldwide box office revenue, $189 million of which was earned in the United States and Canada; it was met with critical and commercial success, winning the Annie Award for Best Animated Feature and receiving nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film and the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 5, 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9855061769485474, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-It Ralph 2", "passage": "A sequel titled Wreck-It Ralph 2 is scheduled for release on March 9, 2018.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.3725786209106445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "At Tapper's, Ralph learns he can win a medal in the first-person shooter Hero's Duty. Ralph enters the game and encounters Sergeant Calhoun, its leader. Between game sessions, Ralph climbs the game's central beacon and collects the medal, accidentally hatching a Cy-Bug, one of the game's enemies. It clings to Ralph as he stumbles into an escape pod that launches him out of the game. Meanwhile, with Ralph missing, a girl reports to arcade-owner Litwak that Fix-It Felix, Jr. is malfunctioning. Since broken games get unplugged, leaving their characters homeless, Felix searches for Ralph.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3260786235332489, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "King candy", "passage": "Ralph crash-lands in Sugar Rush, a kart-racing game. As he searches for his medal, he meets Vanellope von Schweetz, a glitchy character who takes the medal and uses it to buy entry into a race. King Candy and the other racers refuse to let Vanellope participate, claiming she is not really part of the game. Ralph helps Vanellope build a kart. At her home in Diet Cola Mountain, an unfinished racing course, he discovers she is a natural racer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1496615409851074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "King candy", "passage": "Back in Hero's Duty, Felix meets Calhoun, who warns that the Cy-Bugs can take over any game they enter. As the pair searches for Ralph and the Cy-Bug in Sugar Rush, they separate when Felix, enamored with Calhoun, inadvertently reminds her of her fiancé, who had been killed by a Cy-Bug in her backstory. Calhoun finds hundreds of Cy-Bug eggs underground, and Felix becomes imprisoned in King Candy's castle during his search for Ralph.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.061920642852783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "King candy", "passage": "Desperate, King Candy hacks the game's code to retrieve Ralph's medal and offers it to Ralph, explaining that letting Vanellope race would be disastrous for both her and the game. Fearing for Vanellope's safety, Ralph wrecks the kart and returns to his own game, but finds that everyone has evacuated, expecting the game to be unplugged in the morning. Discovering Vanellope's image on the Sugar Rush cabinet, Ralph realizes she is an intended part of the game, not a glitch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5684120655059814, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "King candy", "passage": "Ralph returns to Sugar Rush, finds Felix and Vanellope, and asks Felix to fix the wrecked kart. As the race proceeds, the hatched Cy-Bugs attack and Felix, Calhoun, and Ralph battle them. When Vanellope catches up to King Candy, her glitching reveals that he is actually Turbo, a rogue character from an old game, Turbo Time, who sabotaged a newer game out of jealousy, causing both to be unplugged. Vanellope escapes from Turbo, who is consumed by a Cy-Bug. The group flees the doomed game, but Vanellope finds she cannot pass through the exit. Calhoun says the game cannot be saved without a beacon to attract and kill the Cy-Bugs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8701821565628052, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "Ralph heads to Diet Cola Mountain, where he plans on collapsing its Mentos stalactites into the cola at the bottom, causing a blinding eruption that would attract the bugs. Before he can finish, Turbo, merged with the Cy-Bug that had consumed him, attacks and carries Ralph away. Ralph breaks free and dives toward the mountain, intending to sacrifice himself to start the eruption on impact. Vanellope in turn uses her glitching abilities to save Ralph. The eruption starts and draws the Cy-Bugs and Turbo to their destruction. Vanellope crosses the finish line, restoring her memory and status as Princess Vanellope, the game's ruler and lead character, while keeping her advantageous glitching ability. Felix and Ralph return to their game in time for Litwak to see it still works, sparing it from being unplugged. Calhoun and Felix marry, and the characters of Fix-It Felix, Jr. gain a new respect for Ralph.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.519171714782715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "* John C. Reilly as Wreck-It Ralph, a large hillbilly brute who is the villain of the game Fix-It Felix, Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4684619903564453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Vanellope von Schweetz", "passage": "* Sarah Silverman as Vanellope von Schweetz, a racer/glitch in Sugar Rush.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232903480529785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "* Jack McBrayer as Fix-It Felix, Jr., a repairman who is the hero of Fix-It Felix, Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.945764541625977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Hero's Duty", "passage": "* Jane Lynch as Sergeant Tamora Jean Calhoun, the lead character of Hero's Duty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289469718933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Turbotime", "passage": "* Alan Tudyk as King Candy, the ruler of Sugar Rush. He is secretly Turbo, the vengeful star racer of TurboTime. King Candy/Turbo's vocal stylings are based on comedian Ed Wynn, and his physical mannerisms are modeled from Wynn's Mad Hatter character in Alice in Wonderland. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.708502769470215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Hero's Duty", "passage": "* Joe Lo Truglio as Markowski, a soldier from Hero's Duty that Ralph meets in Tapper.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.07423210144043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Hero's Duty", "passage": "* Dennis Haysbert as General Hologram, a holographic general in Hero's Duty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.294661521911621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "King candy", "passage": "* Rich Moore as Sour Bill, King Candy's sour ball henchman. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.284355163574219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "The cast also includes the Fix-It Felix, Jr. Nicelanders, Edie McClurg as Mary, Raymond S. Persi as Mayor Gene, Jess Harnell as Don, Rachael Harris as Deanna, and Skylar Astin as Roy; Katie Lowes as Candlehead, Jamie Elman as Rancis Fluggerbutter, Josie Trinidad as Jubileena Bing-Bing, and Cymbre Walk as Crumbelina DiCaramello, racers in Sugar Rush; Phil Johnston as Surge Protector, Game Central Station security; Stefanie Scott as Moppet Girl, a young arcade-game player; John DiMaggio as Beard Papa, the security guard at the Sugar Rush candy-kart factory; Raymond Persi as a Zombie, Brian Kesinger as a Cyborg (based on Kano from Mortal Kombat) and Martin Jarvis as Saitine, a devil-like villain, who attends the Bad-Anon support group; Tucker Gilmore as the Sugar Rush Announcer; Brandon Scott as Kohut, a soldier in Hero's Duty; and Tim Mertens as Dr. Brad Scott, a scientist and Sgt. Calhoun's deceased fiancé in Hero's Duty (voiced by Nick Grimshaw in the UK version but not in the UK home release). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.478496551513672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix, Jr", "passage": "A character modeled after dubstep musician Skrillex makes an appearance in Fix-It Felix, Jr. as the DJ at the anniversary party of the game. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.762325286865234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Hero's Duty", "passage": "Additionally, the game cabinet of the Fix It Felix, Jr. arcade game is stylized to strongly resemble the cabinet of the original Nintendo Donkey Kong arcade game, with Ralph and Felix taking similar poses as Donkey Kong and Mario, respectively. The Hero's Duty game is a reference to the hugely successful first-person shooter games Halo and Call of Duty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.40387487411499, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "King candy", "passage": "Additional references are based on sight gags. The residents of Niceland and the bartender from Tapper are animated using a jerky motion that spoofs the limited animation cycles of the sprites of many eight- and sixteen-bit arcade games. King Candy uses the Konami Code on an NES controller to access the programming of Sugar Rush. Throughout Game Central Station is graffiti that includes \"Aerith lives\" (referencing the character of Aerith Gainsborough from Final Fantasy VII), \"All your base are belong to us\" (an Engrish phrase popularized from the game Zero Wing), \"Sheng Long Was Here\" (referencing an April Fool's joke around a made-up character Sheng Long from Street Fighter), and \"Jenkins\" (a nod to the popular Leeroy Jenkins meme from World of Warcraft). There is also a reference to the Metal Gear series when Ralph is searching for a medal in Tapper's Lost and found, finding first a Super Mushroom from the Mario franchise, and then Metal Gears \"Exclamation point\" (with the corresponding sound effect from the game). Mr. Litwak wears a black and white striped referee's shirt, a nod to the iconic outfit of Twin Galaxies founder Walter Day. One of the songs in the credits is an original work from Buckner and Garcia, previously famous for writing video game-themed songs in the 1980s. The Walt Disney Animation Studios opening logo is animated in an 8-bit pixelated fashion, whereas the Walt Disney Pictures closing production logo appears in a glitched state, a reference to the kill screen from many early arcade games such as Pac-Man.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.852836608886719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Joe Jump", "passage": "The concept of Wreck-It Ralph was first developed at Disney in the late 1980s, under the working title High Score. Since then, it was redeveloped and reconsidered several times: In the late 1990s, it took on the working title Joe Jump, then in the mid-2000s as Reboot Ralph. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5144526958465576, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "To promote the home media release of Wreck-It Ralph, director Rich Moore produced a short film titled Garlan Hulse: Where Potential Lives. Set within the movie's universe, the mockumentary film was designed as a parody of The King of Kong. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3810439109802246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "Wreck-It Ralph grossed $189.4 million in North America and $281.8 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $471.2 million. It was the 14th-highest-grossing film of 2012, and the fourth-highest-grossing 2012 animated film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.014648914337158, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "Outside North America, Wreck-It Ralph earned $12 million on its opening weekend from six markets. Among all markets, its three largest openings were recorded in the UK, Ireland and Malta ($7.15 million), Brazil ($5.32 million with weekday previews), and Russia and the CIS ($5.27 million). In total grosses, the three largest markets were the UK, Ireland and Malta ($36.2 million), Japan ($29.6 million), and Australia ($24.0 million).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.128087043762207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 87% of critics have given the film a positive review, based on 171 reviews with an average score of 7.5/10. The site's consensus reads: \"Equally entertaining for both kids and parents old enough to catch the references, Wreck-It Ralph is a clever, colorful adventure built on familiar themes and joyful nostalgia.\" At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 72 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The film earned an \"A\" from audiences polled by CinemaScore. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.6006760597229, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Wreck-it Ralph", "passage": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and wrote, \"More than in most animated films, the art design and color palette of Wreck-It Ralph permit unlimited sets, costumes and rules, giving the movie tireless originality and different behavior in every different cyber world.\" A.O. Scott of The New York Times wrote, \"The movie invites a measure of cynicism – which it proceeds to obliterate with a 93-minute blast of color, noise, ingenuity and fun.\" Peter Debruge of Variety stated, \"With plenty to appeal to boys and girls, old and young, Walt Disney Animation Studios has a high-scoring hit on its hands in this brilliantly conceived, gorgeously executed toon, earning bonus points for backing nostalgia with genuine emotion.\" Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times said, \"The movie's subversive sensibility and old-school/new-school feel are a total kick,\" while Justin Lowe of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, \"With a mix of retro eye-candy for grown-ups and a thrilling, approachable storyline for the tykes, the film casts a wide and beguiling net.\" Conversely, Christopher Orr of The Atlantic found it \"overplotted and underdeveloped.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.379185438156128, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" }, { "answer": "Fix-It Felix Jr", "passage": "In October 2012, Disney released fully playable browser-based versions of the Hero's Duty and Sugar Rush games on the new official film site. A mobile game titled Wreck-it Ralph was released in November 2012 for iOS and Android systems, with a Windows Phone 8 version following almost a year later. Initially, the game consisted of three mini-games, Fix-it Felix Jr., Hero's Duty and Sweet Climber, which were later joined by Turbo Time and Hero's Duty: Flight Command. The game was retired on August 29, 2014. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.542683482170105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wreck-It Ralph" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Arthur Denny", "Arthur Denny (disambiguation)", "Denny, Arthur" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "denny arthur", "arthur denny", "arthur denny disambiguation" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "arthur denny", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Arthur Denny" }

[ { "answer": "Arthur Denny", "passage": "The main mode of transportation, however, relies on Seattle's streets, which are laid out in a cardinal directions grid pattern, except in the central business district where early city leaders Arthur Denny and Carson Boren insisted on orienting their plats relative to the shoreline rather than to true North. Only two roads, Interstate 5 and State Route 99 (both limited-access highways), run uninterrupted through the city from north to south. State Route 99 runs through downtown Seattle on the Alaskan Way Viaduct, which was built in 1953. However, due to damage sustained during the 2001 Nisqually earthquake the viaduct will be replaced by a tunnel. The 2 mi Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel was originally scheduled to be completed in December 2015 at a cost of US$4.25 billion. Unfortunately, due to issues with the worlds largest tunnel boring machine (TBM), which is nicknamed \"Bertha\" and is 57 ft in diameter, the projected date of completion has been pushed back to 2017. Seattle has the 8th worst traffic congestion of all American cities, and is 10th among all North American cities. ", "precise_score": -9.243146896362305, "rough_score": -10.278518676757812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seattle" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Quality is our recipe", "Wendys", "Wendys Old Fashioned Burgers", "Oldemark", "Wendy's restaurant", "Jr. Bacon Cheeseburger", "Wendy's Combos", "Spicy Chicken (Wendy's)", "Wendy's Restaurants", "Give a little nibble", "Wenboro Food", "Meatcube", "List of countries with Wendy's franchises", "Wendy's Original Restaurant", "Wendy's restaurants", "Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers", "Wendy’s", "Wendy's Kids' Meal", "Wendys Restaurant", "Junior Bacon Cheeseburger", "Wendy Burger", "Wendy's Restaurant", "Wendy's", "Wendy's Old Fashioned Burgers", "Garden Sensations Salads" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "wendys", "wendy s combos", "list of countries with wendy s franchises", "wendys restaurant", "spicy chicken wendy s", "give little nibble", "junior bacon cheeseburger", "oldemark", "meatcube", "wendy s old fashioned burgers", "wendy s kids meal", "wendy s restaurants", "wendy s restaurant", "wendy burger", "garden sensations salads", "wendy s", "wenboro food", "wendy s original restaurant", "wendy s old fashioned hamburgers", "wendys old fashioned burgers", "quality is our recipe", "jr bacon cheeseburger" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "wendys", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Wendys" }

[ { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "Rex David \"Dave\" Thomas (July 2, 1932 - January 8, 2002) was an American businessperson and philanthropist. Thomas was the founder and chief executive officer of Wendy's, a fast-food restaurant chain specializing in hamburgers. He is also known for appearing in more than 800 commercial advertisements for the chain from 1989 to 2002, more than any other company founder in television history. ", "precise_score": 1.8147817850112915, "rough_score": -1.0360329151153564, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers", "passage": "Thomas opened his first Wendy's in Columbus, Ohio, November 15, 1969. (This original restaurant remained operational until March 2, 2007, when it was closed due to lagging sales.) Thomas named the restaurant after his eight-year-old daughter Melinda Lou, whose nickname was \"Wendy\", stemming from the child's inability to say her own name at a young age. According to Bio TV, Dave claims himself that people nicknamed his daughter \"Wenda. Not Wendy, but Wenda. 'I'm going to call it Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers'.\" ", "precise_score": 8.760675430297852, "rough_score": 7.564461708068848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "Thomas had four children besides Melinda: three daughters, Pam, Lori and Molly, and a son, Kenny. Though Kenny died in 2013, Dave's daughters still continue to own and run multiple Wendy's locations. Thomas founded the chain Sisters Chicken and Biscuits in 1978, named in reference to his other 3 daughters. ", "precise_score": -0.966963529586792, "rough_score": -5.2188615798950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "The city has a diverse economy based on education, government, insurance, banking, fashion, defense, aviation, food, clothes, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology. Columbus is home to the Battelle Memorial Institute, the world's largest private research and development foundation; Chemical Abstracts Service, the world's largest clearinghouse of chemical information; NetJets, the world's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet; and The Ohio State University, one of the largest universities in the United States. , the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U.S. Fortune 500: Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, American Electric Power, L Brands, Big Lots, and Cardinal Health. The fast-food corporations Wendy's and White Castle are also based in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.376819610595703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Columbus, Ohio" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "By 1968 Thomas had increased sales in the four fried chicken restaurants so much that he sold his share in them back to Sanders for more than $1.5 million. This experience would prove invaluable to Thomas when he began Wendy's about a year later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.299971580505371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "After serving as a regional director for Kentucky Fried Chicken, Thomas became part of the investor group which founded Arthur Treacher's. His involvement with the new restaurant lasted less than a year before he went on to found Wendy's. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.6773681640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "Wendy's", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393282890319824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "In 1982, Thomas resigned from his day-to-day operations at Wendy's. However, by 1985, several company business decisions, including an awkward new breakfast menu and loss in brand awareness due to fizzled marketing efforts, caused the company's new president to urge Thomas back into a more active role with Wendy's. Thomas began to visit franchises and espouse his hardworking, so-called \"mop-bucket attitude.\" In 1989, he took on a significant role as the TV spokesperson in a series of commercials for the brand. Thomas was not a natural actor, and initially, his performances were criticized as stiff and ineffective by advertising critics. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.343792915344238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "By 1990, after efforts by Wendy's agency, Backer Spielvolgel Bates, to get humor into the campaign, a decision was made to portray Thomas in a more self-deprecating and folksy manner, which proved much more popular with test audiences. Consumer brand awareness of Wendy's eventually regained levels it had not achieved since octogenarian Clara Peller's wildly popular \"Where's the beef?\" campaign of 1984.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20434856414795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "With his natural self-effacing style and his relaxed manner, Thomas quickly became a household name. A company survey during the 1990s, a decade during which Thomas starred in every Wendy's commercial that aired, found that 90% of Americans knew who Thomas was. After more than 800 commercials, it was clear that Thomas played a major role in Wendy's status as the country's third most popular burger restaurant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.251164436340332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's restaurant", "passage": "Thomas had been battling Carcinoid Cancer (AKA Neuroendocrine Tumor) since the 1990s, the disease had metastasized to his liver. He died on January 8, 2002 at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida at the age of 69. Thomas was buried in Union Cemetery in Columbus, Ohio. At the time of his death, there were more than 6,000 Wendy's restaurants operating in North America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.5585784912109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Semper Fi", "Semper fi", "Semper Fidelis", "Semper fie", "Semper fidelis" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "semper fidelis", "semper fie", "semper fi" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "semper fidelis", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Semper fidelis" }

[ { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "Many organizations today have Latin mottos, such as \"Semper paratus\" (always ready), the motto of the United States Coast Guard, and \"Semper fidelis\" (always faithful), the motto of the United States Marine Corps. Several of the states of the United States also have Latin mottos, such as \"Qui transtulit sustinet\" (\"He who transplanted still sustains\"), the state motto of Connecticut; \"Ad astra per aspera\" (\"To the stars through hardships\"), that of Kansas; \"Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam, circumspice\" (\"If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you\"), that of Michigan; \"Salus populi suprema lex esto\" (\"The health of the people should be the highest law\"), that of Missouri; \"Esse quam videri\" (To be rather than to seem), that of North Carolina; \"Sic semper tyrannis\" (Thus always for tyrants), that of Virginia; and \"Montani semper liberi\" (Mountaineers are always free), that of West Virginia. Another Latin motto is \"Per ardua ad astra\" (Through adversity/struggle to the stars), the motto of the Royal Air Force (RAF). Some schools adopt Latin mottos, for example Harvard University's motto is \"Veritas\" meaning (truth). Veritas was the goddess of truth, a daughter of Saturn, and the mother of Virtue.", "precise_score": 6.8807454109191895, "rough_score": 6.9525837898254395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Latin" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "Semper fidelis is a Latin phrase that means \"always faithful\" or \"always loyal\". In the United States it is best known as the motto of the United States Marine Corps. Elsewhere, it is a common motto for towns, families, schools, and military units. ", "precise_score": 8.939759254455566, "rough_score": 8.971467971801758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The motto \"Semper fidelis\" is applied to the city of Lwów (; now Lviv) in 1658 by Pope Alexander VII in recognition of the city's key role in defending Europe from Muslim invasion. That same year, the Sejm (parliament) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth passed the Semper fidelis Poloniae [\"Ever Faithful to Poland\"] Act (as most people construed the Latin phrase).", "precise_score": -1.9624154567718506, "rough_score": 2.037452220916748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The phrase \"Semper Fidelis\" was made the official motto of the Marine Corps by Charles Grymes McCawley, the eighth Commandant of the Marine Corps, who was born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which had a large Irish Catholic population. McCawley owed his commission to Senator Pierre Soule of Louisiana a Catholic, born and raised in France, who would have been well aware of the Irish Brigade's service as Marines during the American Revolution. ", "precise_score": 1.5419771671295166, "rough_score": 2.1904234886169434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The United States Marine Corps adopted the motto \"Semper Fidelis\" in 1883, on the initiative of Colonel Charles McCawley (January 29, 1827 – October 13, 1891), the 8th Commandant of the Marine Corps. ", "precise_score": 1.405360460281372, "rough_score": -1.6762217283248901, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "Fortitudine (meaning \"with courage\") antedating the War of 1812, Per Mare, Per Terram (\"by sea, by land\"; presumably inherited from the British Royal Marines, who have that as a motto), and, up until 1843, there was also the Marines' Hymn motto \"To the Shores of Tripoli\". \"Semper fidelis\" signifies the dedication and loyalty that individual Marines have for 'Corps and Country', even after leaving service. Marines frequently shorten the motto to \"Semper Fi\".", "precise_score": -0.6943561434745789, "rough_score": -1.158713698387146, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "A Chinese language version of Semper fidelis has been the motto of the Republic of China Marine Corps since April 1, 1947. The motto is not in Latin and translates as \"loyalty forever\". Their motto is specifically modeled on the US marine motto.", "precise_score": 4.270702362060547, "rough_score": 6.006984233856201, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper Fi", "passage": "*Semper Fidus (\"Always faithful\")", "precise_score": 1.9583016633987427, "rough_score": -1.7421492338180542, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The earliest definitively recorded use of semper fidelis is as the motto of the French town of Abbeville since 1369. It has also been used by other towns, and is recorded as the motto of various European families since the 16th century, and possibly since the 13th century or earlier. Records show many families in England, France and Ireland using this motto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.489339351654053, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The earliest recorded use of semper fidelis by a military unit is by the Duke of Beaufort's Regiment of Foot, raised in south-western England in 1685. This is apparently linked to its use as a motto by the city of Exeter since no later than 1660. Subsequently, a variety of military organizations adopted the motto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.90995979309082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "Bernard Burke in 1884 listed many notable families in Great Britain and Ireland using the motto \"Semper fidelis\" in their coats of arms. They include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.81995964050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*Lynch family (Ireland): \"Semper Fidelis\" is the family motto of the Lynch family. The Lynches were one of the Tribes of Galway who were fourteen merchant families who dominated the political, commercial, and social life of the city of Galway in western Ireland between the 13th and 16th centuries. Members of the 'Tribes' were considered Old English gentry. The Lynches were descended from William Le Petit, who was one of the Norman knights who settled in Ireland following the grant of Ireland as a fiefdom by Pope Adrian IV to King Henry II of England in the early 12th century. \"Semper Fidelis\" appears on the Lynch Family coat of arms. Although the earliest traceable reference to this usage is James Hardiman's history of Galway published in 1820, the history of the family makes it likely that the motto was in use by the 14th or 15th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.197234153747559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*Edge family (England): The Edge family of Strelley, Nottinghamshire, were using the motto \"Semper fidelis\" by 1814 at the latest (see UK National Archives document reference DD/E/209/32-34). The arms were granted in 1709, but it is not recorded whether the motto formed part of the initial grant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.444360733032227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*Onslow family (England): the family of the Earls of Onslow uses the motto \"Semper fidelis\" (see also Lodge, 1832), though their alternative motto (the punning Festina lente) is better known.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.853977203369141, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*Stewart family (Scotland; also spelled Steuart, especially in older sources): \"Semper Fidelis\" is the family motto of the Stewart family of Ballechin in Perthshire. J. Burke (1836, pp. 149–150) records that the family goes back to an illegitimate son of James II of Scotland (1430–1460), and the motto is recorded by Burke and by Robson (1830). However they do not report the date of its first use.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.937023162841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The city of Abbeville in France is recorded by 19th century sources (such as Chassant and Taussin, 1878) as using the motto \"Semper fidelis,\" and recent sources state that the city was accorded this motto by Charles V, by letters patent of 19 June 1369, issued at Vincennes. This would make it the earliest recorded user of the motto among cities. However both Louandre (1834, p. 169) and the city's current official website give the motto simply as \"Fidelis\", and Sanson (1646, p. 15) claimed that even this was not part of Charles's original grant, but was added later, sometime in the 14th to 17th centuries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.870851516723633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*There is a Masonic Lodge in Exeter, called \"Lodge Semper Fidelis.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657798767089844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper fidelis\" is the motto of the town of St. Malo, in Brittany, France. The date of its adoption is not known, but it appears to have been in use in the 17th century, replacing an earlier motto, \"Cave canem\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.570821762084961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Civitas Calvi Semper Fidelis\" may have been the motto of the city of Calvi, Balagna area in Corsica for 500 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.341294288635254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper Fidelis\" is the motto of the city of White Plains, in New York, United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.906123161315918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The south-western English town of Exeter has used the motto semper fidelis since no later than 1660, inspiring its use by several south-western English military units.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.286702156066895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The involvement of Irish Brigade soldiers serving as marines in the American War of Independence may have inspired the adoption of the motto \"Semper Fidelis\" by the U.S. Marines. This would be ironic since the Irish Brigade motto referred specifically to their loyalty to the Catholicism and Catholic kings, while the American rebels were fighting for a republican form of government for a largely Protestant population. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.780900955200195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper fidelis\" is also the motto of the 11th Infantry Regiment, which was founded in May 1861 by President Abraham Lincoln. It served as part of the Army of Ohio and later in the Indian wars, Spanish–American War, 1916 Mexican Border war, World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam war. Today the regiment trains young Army officers at Fort Benning, Georgia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.318774223327637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper fidelis\" is the motto of The West Nova Scotia Regiment (of the Canadian Forces), formed in 1936. It inherited the motto from The Lunenburg Regiment, formed in 1870.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.192766189575195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "There were three mottos prior to Semper Fidelis including", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9421868324279785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*\"Semper Fidelis\" is also the title of the official march of the United States Marine Corps, composed by John Philip Sousa in 1889. Sousa was director of the United States Marine Band (The President's Own) when a replacement for Hail to the Chief was requested, but later rejected. Sousa considered it to be his 'most musical' march. It was prominently featured in the movie A Few Good Men. Charles Burr wrote the lyrics to the march.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.121699333190918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*On the United States Marine Corps Seal, the symbols of the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor emblem holds a ribbon emblazoned \"Semper Fidelis\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.306554794311523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper fidelis\" is the motto of the cadets corps of the Dutch Royal Military Academy. The corps was founded in 1898. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.879601955413818, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper fidelis\" is the motto of CFB Valcartier. The base was originally erected as a military camp in August 1914.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.608059883117676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "The Swiss Grenadiers, first designated as such in 1943, and since 2004 forming a distinct Command in the Swiss Army, use the motto \"Semper fidelis\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.425198554992676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper Fidelis\" is the motto of the Protection and Guard Service, a Romanian secret service concerned with the national security and personal security of officials in Romania. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.832740783691406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper Fidelis\" has been the official motto of the Hungarian Government Guard since 28 August 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.502391815185547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "\"Semper Fidelis\" serves as the motto of a number of schools around the world:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.229335308074951, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "B. Burke (1884) and Chassant & Tausin (1878), and other sources, list a number of similar mottos that appeared in family or city coats of arms in Great Britain, Ireland and France, though none was ever as popular as \"Semper fidelis\". They include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.934143543243408, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*Semper fidelis esto (\"Be always faithful\"; Steele family, Henry de Lolière family Auvergne Nobili Tome III) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.614960193634033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*Semper fidelis et audax (\"Always faithful and brave\"; Moore and O'More families)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.73352575302124, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" }, { "answer": "Semper fidelis", "passage": "*Semper fidelis, mutare sperno (\"Always faithful, I scorn to change\"; City of Worcester)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.983966827392578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Semper fidelis" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also known as Naval Station Guantanamo Bay or NSGB, (also called GTMO because of the airfield designation code or Gitmo because of the common pronunciation of this code by the U.S. military ) is a United States military base located on 45 sqmi of land and water at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, which the US leased for use as a coaling and naval station in 1903 (for $2,000 per year until 1934, when it was increased to $4,085 per year). The base is on the shore of Guantánamo Bay at the southeastern end of Cuba. It is the oldest overseas U.S. Naval Base. Since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the Cuban government has consistently protested against the U.S. presence on Cuban soil and called it illegal under international law, alleging that the base was imposed on Cuba by force. At the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2013, Cuba's Foreign Minister demanded the U.S. return the base and the \"usurped territory\", which the Cuban government considers to be occupied since the U.S. invasion of Cuba during the Spanish–American War in 1898. ", "precise_score": 7.548657417297363, "rough_score": 6.615061283111572, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "During the Spanish–American War, the U.S. fleet attacking Santiago secured Guantánamo's harbor for protection during the hurricane season of 1898. The Marines landed at Guantanamo Bay with naval support, and American and Cuban forces routed the defending Spanish troops. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1898, in which Spain formally relinquished control of Cuba. Although the war was over, the US maintained a strong military presence on the island. In 1901 the US government passed the Platt Amendment as part of an Army Appropriations Bill.[http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash", "precise_score": 2.089693069458008, "rough_score": -0.08538118004798889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "After initial resistance by the Cuban Constitutional Convention, the Platt Amendment was incorporated into the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba in 1901. The Constitution took effect in 1902, and land for a naval base at Guantanamo Bay was granted to the United States the following year. ", "precise_score": 5.04693603515625, "rough_score": 0.37103012204170227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "#a promise by Cuba to lease to the United States a specified area at Guantanamo Bay \"for the time required for the purposes of coaling and naval stations\";", "precise_score": 4.414787769317627, "rough_score": 4.282759666442871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "The Naval Base is divided into three main geographical sections: Leeward Point, Windward Point, and Guantánamo Bay. Guantánamo Bay physically divides the Naval Station into sections. The bay extends past the boundaries of the base into Cuba, where the bay is then referred to as Bahía de Guantánamo. Guantánamo Bay contains several cays, which are identified as Hospital Cay, Medico Cay, North Toro Cay, and South Toro Cay.", "precise_score": 5.02126407623291, "rough_score": 5.992794513702393, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "The area surrounding Guantanamo bay was originally inhabited by the Taíno people. On 30 April 1494, Christopher Columbus, on his second voyage, arrived and spent the night. The place where Columbus landed is now known as Fisherman's Point. Columbus declared the bay Puerto Grande. The bay and surrounding areas came under British control during the War of Jenkins' Ear. Prior to British occupation, the bay was referred to as Walthenham Harbor. The British renamed the bay Cumberland Bay. The British retreated from the area after a failed attempt to march to Santiago de Cuba.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.631112575531006, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "#consent on the part of Cuba to the US exercising \"complete jurisdiction and control over\" within the leased area;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.368510246276855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "#recognition by the US of Cuba's \"ultimate sovereignty\" over the leased area. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20958137512207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "The second agreement, signed five months later in July 1903, established the amount of USD$2,000 to be paid to Cuba annually by the US. Additional stipulations included the following:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43538761138916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "#a duty-free zone, but not a port of entry for weapons or other goods into Cuba proper", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393513679504395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "#Cuban shipping to have the right of access to the Bay", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.166790008544922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "The payment of $2,000 was increased to $4,085 in 1934. The new amount was paid by checks from the United States Treasury, payable to \"The Treasurer General of the Republic\". Payments have been sent annually, but only one lease payment has been cashed since the Cuban Revolution. Fidel Castro claimed that this check was deposited due to \"confusion\" in 1959, and the Government of Cuba has declined all further payments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490781784057617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "Until the 1953–59 revolution, thousands of Cubans commuted daily from outside the base to jobs within. In mid-1958, vehicular traffic was stopped; workers were required to walk through the base's several gates. Public Works Center buses were pressed into service almost overnight to carry the tides of workers to and from the gate. By 2006, only two elderly Cubans, Luis Delarosa and Harry Henry, still crossed the base's North East Gate daily to work on the base, because the Cuban government prohibits new recruitment. They retired at the end of 2012. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41336727142334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "During the Cuban missile crisis in 1962, the families of military personnel were evacuated from the base. Notified of the evacuation on 22 October, evacuees were told to pack one suitcase per family member, to bring evacuation and immunization cards, to tie pets in the yard, to leave the keys to the house on the dining table, and to wait in front of the house for buses. Dependents traveled to the airfield for flights to the United States, or to ports for passage aboard evacuation ships. After the crisis was resolved, family members were allowed to return to the base in December 1962.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.713011741638184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "From 1939, the base's water was supplied by pipelines that drew water from the Yateras River about northeast of the base. The U.S. government paid a fee for this; in 1964, it was about $14,000 a month for about 2500000 U.S.gal per day. In 1964, the Cuban government stopped the flow. The base had about 14000000 U.S.gal of water in storage, and strict water conservation was put into effect immediately. The U.S. first imported water from Jamaica by barge, then relocated a desalination plant from San Diego (Point Loma). When the Cuban government accused the United States of stealing water, base commander John D. Bulkeley ordered that the pipelines be cut and a section removed. A 38 in length of the 14 in diameter pipe and a 20 in length of the 10 in diameter pipe were lifted from the ground and the openings sealed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.685888290405273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "\"Cactus Curtain\" is a term describing the line separating the naval base from Cuban-controlled territory. After the Cuban Revolution, some Cubans sought refuge on the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. In the fall of 1961, Cuban troops planted an 8 mi barrier of Opuntia cactus along the northeastern section of the 17 mi fence surrounding the base to stop Cubans from escaping Cuba to take refuge in the United States. This was dubbed the Cactus Curtain, an allusion to Europe's Iron Curtain, the Bamboo Curtain in East Asia or the similar Ice Curtain in the Bering Strait.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7180922031402588, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "U.S. and Cuban troops placed some 55,000 land mines across the \"no man's land\" around the perimeter of the naval base creating the second-largest minefield in the world, and the largest in the Western Hemisphere. On 16 May 1996, U.S. President Bill Clinton ordered the demining of the American field. They have since been replaced with motion and sound sensors to detect intruders on the base. The Cuban government has not removed its corresponding minefield outside the perimeter. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.593550682067871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "In the last quarter of the 20th century, the base was used to house Cuban and Haitian refugees intercepted on the high seas. In the early 1990s, it held refugees who fled Haiti after military forces overthrew president Jean-Bertrand Aristide. These refugees were held in a detainment area called Camp Bulkeley until United States district court Judge Sterling Johnson, Jr. declared the camp unconstitutional on 8 June 1993. This decision was later vacated. The last Haitian migrants departed Guantanamo on 1 November 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.216590881347656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "In 1986, Guantanamo became host to the first and only McDonald's restaurant within Cuba. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.769216060638428, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "A Subway shop was opened in November 2002. Other fast food outlets have followed. These fast food restaurants are on base, and not accessible to Cubans. It has been reported that prisoners cooperating with interrogations have been rewarded with Happy Meals from the McDonald's located on the main section of the base. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377017974853516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2Fcuba%2Fstory%2F586867.html&date=2008-11-29 mirror]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.564087867736816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "A wah-wah pedal (or just wah pedal) is a type of guitar effects pedal that alters the tone of the signal to create a distinctive effect, mimicking the human voice. The pedal sweeps the peak response of a filter up and down in frequency to create the sound (spectral glide), also known as \"the wah effect\". The wah-wah effect originated in the 1920s, with trumpet or trombone players finding they could produce an expressive crying tone by moving a mute in the instrument's bell. This was later simulated with electronics for the electric guitar, controlled by movement of the player's foot on a rocking pedal connected to a potentiometer. Wah-wah effects are used when a guitarist is soloing, or creating a \"wacka-wacka\" funk-styled rhythm. ", "precise_score": 8.374151229858398, "rough_score": 8.486930847167969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "The first wah pedal was created by Bradley J. Plunkett at Warwick Electronics Inc./Thomas Organ Company in November 1966. This pedal is the original prototype made from a transistorized MRB (mid-range boost) potentiometer bread-boarded circuit and the housing of a Vox Continental Organ volume pedal. The concept, however, was not new. Country guitar virtuoso Chet Atkins had used a similar, self-designed device on his late 1950s recordings of \"Hot Toddy\" and \"Slinkey\". Jazz guitarist Peter Van Wood had a modified Hammond organ expression", "precise_score": -0.3378801941871643, "rough_score": -2.642871856689453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "Plunkett had lifted and bread-boarded a transistorized tone-circuit from the Thomas Organ (an electric solid state transistorized organ) to duplicate the Jennings 3-position circuit. After adjusting and testing the amplifier with an electronic oscillator and oscilloscope, Plunkett connected the output to the speaker and tested the circuit audibly. At that point, several engineers and technical consultants, including Bill Page and Del Casher, noticed the sound effect caused by the circuit. Page insisted on testing this bread-boarded circuit while he played his saxophone through an amplifier. John Glennon, an assistant junior electronics engineer with the Thomas Organ Company, was summoned to bring a volume control pedal which was used in the Vox Continental Organ so that the transistorized MRB potentiometer bread-boarded circuit could be installed in the pedal's housing. After the installation, Page began playing his saxophone through the pedal and had asked Joe Banaron, CEO of Warwick Electronics Inc./Thomas Organ Company, to listen to the effect. At this point the first electric guitar was plugged into the prototype wah pedal by guitarist Del Casher who suggested to Joe Banaron that this was a guitar effects pedal rather than a wind instrument effects pedal. Banaron, being a fan of the big band style of music, was interested in marketing the wah pedal for wind instruments as suggested by Page rather than for the electric guitar as suggested by Casher. After a remark by Casher to Banaron regarding the Harmon mute style of trumpet playing in the famous recording of \"Sugar Blues\" from the 1930s, Banaron decided to market the wah-wah pedal using Clyde McCoy's name for endorsement.", "precise_score": -0.24886412918567657, "rough_score": -3.7531931400299072, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "After the initial invention of the wah pedal, the prototype pedal was then modified by Casher and Plunkett to better accommodate the harmonic qualities of the electric guitar. However, since Vox had no intention of marketing the wah pedal for electric guitar players, the prototype wah-wah pedal was given to Del Casher for performances at Vox press conferences and film scores for Universal Pictures. The un-modified version of the Vox wah pedal was released to the public in February 1967 with an image of Clyde McCoy on the bottom of the pedal.", "precise_score": 0.29978102445602417, "rough_score": -2.7914516925811768, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "The creation of the modern wah pedal was actually an accident which stemmed from the redesign of the Vox Super Beatle guitar amplifier in 1966. Warwick Electronics Inc./Thomas Organ Company had bought the Vox name due to the brand name's popularity and association with the Beatles. Warwick Electronics Inc. also owned Thomas Organ Company and had assigned Thomas Organ Company to create a new product line called the all-electric Vox Amplifonic Orchestra; the project was headed by musician and bandleader Bill Page. While creating the Vox Amplifonic Orchestra, the Thomas Organ Company needed to re-design the Vox amplifier into a transistorized solid state amplifier, rather than tube, which would be less expensive to manufacture. During the re-design of the USA Vox amplifier, Stan Cuttler, head engineer of Thomas Organ Company, assigned Brad Plunkett, a junior electronics engineer, to replace the expensive Jennings 3-position MRB circuit switch with a transistorized solid state MRB circuit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7536048889160156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "Warwick Electronics Inc. assigned Lester L. Kushner, an engineer with the Thomas Organ Company, and Brad Plunkett to write and submit the documentation for the wah-wah pedal patent. The patent application was submitted on February 24, 1967 which included technical diagrams of the pedal being connected to a four-stringed \"guitar\" (as noted from the \"Description of the Preferred Embodiment\"). Warwick Electronics Inc. was granted [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1PTO2&Sect2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.065791130065918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "Early versions of the Clyde McCoy featured an image of McCoy on the bottom panel, which soon gave way to only his signature. Thomas Organ then wanted the effect branded as their own for the American market, changing it to Cry Baby which was sold in parallel to the Italian Vox V846. Thomas Organ's failure to trademark the Cry Baby name soon led to the market being flooded with Cry Baby imitations from various parts of the world, including Italy, where all of the original Vox and Cry Babys were made.[http://www.guitarplayer.com/article/vox-v848-clyde/Apr-07/26876 Guitar Player : The Complete Electric Guitar Package] Jen, who had been responsible for the manufacture of Thomas Organ and Vox wah pedals, also made rebranded pedals for companies such as Fender and Gretsch and under their own Jen brand. When Thomas Organ moved production completely to Sepulveda, California and Chicago, Illinois these Italian models continued to be made and are among the more collectible wah pedals today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.350838661193848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "Some of the most famous electric guitarists of the day were keen to adopt the wah-wah pedal soon after its release. Among the very first recordings released featuring wah-wah pedal were \"Tales of Brave Ulysses\" by Cream with Eric Clapton on guitar and \"Burning of the Midnight Lamp\" by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, both released in 1967.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.697059631347656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "The preeminent electric guitar player to use the pedal in this way was Jimi Hendrix, who revolutionized its application by combining a Fender Stratocaster with stacked Marshall Amplifiers (in both static and modulated mode) for lead and rhythm guitar applications unheard of before then. According to Del Casher, Hendrix learned about the pedal from Frank Zappa, another well-known early user. Milestones of this signature guitar and amplifier combination include songs such as \"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)\" as well as the \"Star Spangled Banner\" which was played by Hendrix at Woodstock in 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.318916320800781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "Another famous style of wah-wah playing is utilizing it for a percussive \"wacka-wacka\" effect by muting strings and moving the pedal at the same time. This was first heard on the song \"Little Miss Lover\" (1967) by the Jimi Hendrix Experience. One of the most famous uses of this effect is heard on Isaac Hayes's \"Theme from Shaft\" (1971), Charles Pitts playing the guitar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8032357692718506, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "David Gilmour (Pink Floyd) used the pedal to create the 'whale' effect during 'Echoes'. He discovered this effect as a result of a roadie accidentally plugging his guitar into the output of the pedal and the input being plugged into his amp. The effect was first used during live performances of 'The Embryo' during 1970 but was then switched into 'Echoes' as it was being developed before being released on the 'Meddle' album on 31st October 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.328817367553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "Many bassists have also used the wah-wah effect, for example Michael Henderson on Miles Davis's album On the Corner (1972). Bassist Cliff Burton of Metallica used a Morley Wah pedal (along with a Big Muff Distortion) extensively, including on \"(Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth\", which is primarily a bass solo recorded for Kill 'Em All (1983), and \"The Call of Ktulu\" and \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\", both recorded for Ride the Lightning. Geezer Butler, bassist of Black Sabbath, used it when playing his solo \"Bassically\", along with the bass line in \"N.I.B.\". Chris Squire of Yes used a wah-wah pedal on his solo piece \"The Fish\" on the album Fragile. While wah pedals are less popular as a bass effect, various companies now offer pedals designed specifically for bass guitars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.435914993286133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "Many steel guitar players use a wah-wah, such as Robert Randolph from the Robert Randolph and the Family Band.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.45467472076416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "The effect is also extensively used with the electric violin. Notable examples are Jerry Goodman with the Mahavishnu Orchestra, and Jean-Luc Ponty, Don \"Sugarcane\" Harris and Shankar with Frank Zappa, all usually engaged in long wah-wah violin/guitar duels. Boyd Tinsley of the Dave Matthews Band is known to use a wah-wah pedal live.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.583241939544678, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wah-wah pedal" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "A synthesizer (usually abbreviated as \"synthesizer\" or \"synth\", also spelled \"synthesiser\") is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted to sound through instrument amplifiers and loudspeakers or headphones. Synthesizers may either imitate instruments like piano, Hammond organ, flute, vocals; natural sounds like ocean waves, etc.; or generate new electronic timbres. They are often played with a musical keyboard, but they can be controlled via a variety of other input devices, including music sequencers, instrument controllers, fingerboards, guitar synthesizers, wind controllers, and electronic drums. Synthesizers without built-in controllers are often called sound modules, and are controlled via MIDI or CV/Gate using a controller device, often a MIDI keyboard or other controller.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.379325866699219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Synthesizer" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "Physical modelling synthesis is the synthesis of sound by using a set of equations and algorithms to simulate a real instrument, or some other physical source of sound. This involves modelling components of musical objects and creating systems that define action, filters, envelopes and other parameters over time. Various models can also be combined, e.g. the model of a violin with characteristics of a pedal steel guitar and the action of piano hammer. When an initial set of parameters is run through the physical simulation, the simulated sound is generated. Although physical modeling was not a new concept in acoustics and synthesis, it was not until the development of the Karplus-Strong algorithm and the increase in DSP power in the late 1980s that commercial implementations became feasible. The quality and speed of physical modeling on computers improves with higher processing power.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.476318359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Synthesizer" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "* Guitar-style interfaces", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23443603515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Synthesizer" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "In the 1970s miniaturized solid-state components allowed self-contained, portable instruments such as the Moog Taurus, a 13-note pedal keyboard played by the feet. The Moog Taurus was used in live performances by a range of pop, rock, and blues-rock bands. An early use of bass synthesizer was in 1972, on a solo album by John Entwistle (the bassist for The Who), entitled Whistle Rymes. Genesis bass player Mike Rutherford used a Dewtron \"Mister Bassman\" for the recording of their album Nursery Cryme in August 1971. Stevie Wonder introduced synth bass to a pop audience in the early 1970s, notably on \"Superstition\" (1972) and \"Boogie On Reggae Woman\" (1974). In 1977 Parliament's funk single \"Flash Light\" used the bass synthesizer. Lou Reed, widely considered a pioneer of electric guitar textures, played bass synthesizer on the song \"Families\", from his 1979 album The Bells.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.772882461547852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Synthesizer" }, { "answer": "Guitar", "passage": "In the 2000s, several equipment manufacturers such as Boss and Akai produced bass synthesizer effect pedals for electric bass guitar players, which simulate the sound of an analog or digital bass synth. With these devices, a bass guitar is used to generate synth bass sounds. The BOSS SYB-3 was one of the early bass synthesizer pedals. The SYB-3 reproduces sounds of analog synthesizers with Digital Signal Processing saw, square, and pulse synth waves and user-adjustable filter cutoff. The Akai bass synth pedal contains a four-oscillator synthesizer with user selectable parameters (attack, decay, envelope depth, dynamics, cutoff, resonance). Bass synthesizer software allows performers to use MIDI to integrate the bass sounds with other synthesizers or drum machines. Bass synthesizers often provide samples from vintage 1970s and 1980s bass synths. Some bass synths are built into an organ style pedalboard or button board.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1615447998046875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Synthesizer" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Tootsie Pops are known for the catch phrase \"How many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?\". The phrase was first introduced in an animated commercial which debuted on U.S. television in 1969. In the original television ad, a questioning boy poses the question to a cow, a fox, a turtle and an owl. Each one of the first three animals tells the boy to ask someone else, explaining that they'd bite a Tootsie Pop every time they lick one. Eventually, he asks the owl, who starts licking it, but bites into the lollipop after only three licks, much to the chagrin of the boy, who gets the empty stick back. The commercial ends the same way, with various flavored Tootsie Pops unwrapped and being \"licked away\" until being crunched in the center. ", "precise_score": 8.012821197509766, "rough_score": 8.147065162658691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Questioning Boy: Mr. Owl, how many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?", "precise_score": 5.735528945922852, "rough_score": 7.007306098937988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Questioning Boy: Mr. Owl, how many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?", "precise_score": 5.735528945922852, "rough_score": 7.007306098937988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Mr. Turtle (Ralph James): I've never even made it without biting. Ask Mr. Owl, for he is the wisest of us all.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.047496795654297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Questioning Boy: Mr. Owl, how many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop!?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.939217567443848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Mr. Owl (Paul Winchell): A good question. Let's find out. (He takes the Tootsie pop and starts licking) A One... A two-HOO... A tha-three..", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9327239990234375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Mr. Owl: A Three!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245617866516113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Questioning Boy: If there's anything I can't stand, it's a smart owl.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.202370643615723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "In the shorter 30-second ad, Mr. Owl returns the spent candy stick, and the boy's final line is replaced with a reaction shot and a beat of silence. The 30-second commercial dialogue is as follows:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207576751708984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Mr. Turtle: I've never even made it without biting. Ask Mr. Owl.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18369197845459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Mr. Owl: Let's find out. A One... A.two-HOO...A three..", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.170929908752441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Mr. Owl: A Three!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245617866516113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "The 15-second commercial (which still airs today) only shows the boy with Mr. Owl and a different narrator (Frank Leslie) speaks the same above line, but without the scene showing the Tootsie Roll pops slowly disappearing with a different tune playing in the background. The question still stands unanswered. The dialogue is as follows:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.191893577575684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "Mr. Owl: Let's find out. A One... A.two-HOO...A three..", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.170929908752441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" }, { "answer": "Owl", "passage": "After the commercial, Mr. Owl became the mascot for Tootsie Roll Pops, appearing in marketing campaigns and on the packaging.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.996696949005127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie Pop" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Swastika", "passage": "In March 2009, a photograph taken of a 74-year-old Manson, showing a receding hairline, grizzled gray beard and hair and the swastika tattoo still prominent on his forehead, was released to the public by California corrections officials. ", "precise_score": -0.9326488375663757, "rough_score": -4.902609348297119, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Swastika", "passage": "In the 1980s, Manson gave four notable interviews. The first, recorded at California Medical Facility and aired June 13, 1981, was by Tom Snyder for NBC's The Tomorrow Show. The second, recorded at San Quentin Prison and aired March 7, 1986, was by Charlie Rose for CBS News Nightwatch; it won the national news Emmy Award for \"Best Interview\" in 1987. The third, with Geraldo Rivera in 1988, was part of that journalist's prime-time special on Satanism. At least as early as the Snyder interview, Manson's forehead bore a swastika, in the spot where the X carved during his trial had been. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.996491432189941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Alton brown", "Alton Brown" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "alton brown" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "alton brown", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Alton Brown" }

[ { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "The show is presented as a successor to the original Iron Chef, as opposed to being a remake. The Chairman is portrayed by actor and martial artist Mark Dacascos, who is introduced as the nephew of the original Japanese chairman Takeshi Kaga. The commentary is provided solely by Alton Brown, & Kevin Brauch is the floor reporter. The music is written by composer Craig Marks, who released the soundtrack titled \"Iron Chef America & The Next Iron Chef\" by the end of 2010. In addition, regular ICA judge and Chopped host Ted Allen provided additional floor commentary for two special battles: Battle First Thanksgiving (Symon/Flay v. Cora/Morimoto) and Battle White House Produce (Batali/Lagasse v. Flay/Comerford).", "precise_score": 2.0010271072387695, "rough_score": 2.7638580799102783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iron Chef America" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "Unlike the original Iron Chef or Iron Chef USA, Alton Brown, rather than the Chairman, is credited as the show's host.", "precise_score": 3.1504275798797607, "rough_score": 3.5792925357818604, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iron Chef America" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "The second season of Iron Chef America began airing in July 2005. This season saw its first and second ties on the American show: the first aired on July 31, 2005, with both challenger and Iron Chef receiving 45 points. In this case, unlike Iron Chef, there is no overtime, although a rematch was suggested by Alton Brown. The third such tied result occurred in Season Three, when Susur Lee challenged Bobby Flay in Battle Bacon.", "precise_score": 1.6622891426086426, "rough_score": 5.369145393371582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iron Chef America" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "After the active Iron Chefs are introduced by Alton Brown, the challenger chef is introduced. The Iron Chef introduction sequence is sometimes skipped in the holiday shows and other specials. In the first two seasons, the Chairman announced the challenger's Iron Chef opponent. Starting with Season 3, the show returned to the format of its predecessor, where the challenger chef selects the Iron Chef they will battle. In reality, the match-ups are determined well in advance in all three incarnations of the show, which is not to say that the challengers have no influence on the selection of their opponent.", "precise_score": -0.8975224494934082, "rough_score": 1.914420247077942, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iron Chef America" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "First Lady Michelle Obama's White House Kitchen Garden was featured in a new special episode on January 3, 2010. The episode, called \"The Super Chef Battle\", featured Iron Chef Mario Batali and Super Chef Emeril Lagasse against Iron Chef Bobby Flay and White House Executive Chef Cristeta Comerford in a battle that required the chefs to create an American meal, with the produce from the White House garden as the secret ingredient. First Lady Michelle Obama made a special appearance, welcoming the chefs to the White House, and announcing the secret ingredient. This battle was also notable as the first for which the Chairman was not present in Kitchen Stadium. Although the Chairman appeared on video, and presented a supplemental range of sustainable foods to be used in the battle, it fell to announcer Alton Brown to start the battle with the traditional \"Allez cuisine!\" This battle was also the first that carried a prize: $25,000 was donated to City Meals, a New York charity similar to Meals on Wheels in the names of the winning team. Iron Chef Flay and Chef Comerford defeated Iron Chefs Batali and Lagasse.", "precise_score": -2.089106559753418, "rough_score": 2.535856008529663, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iron Chef America" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "The commentator's station has Alton Brown standing in front of two large monitors feeding him camera angles from both sides of Kitchen Stadium. To stay informed, he also keeps his laptop open to reference an extensive food database and, in later seasons, an iPad to look up ingredients on the fly. An earbud allows him to be fed information from the culinary producer, who in turn is fed information from two culinary spotters on the floor. The station is much closer to and on the same level as the cooking stations, allowing Alton Brown to converse with the competitors and ask brief questions. Alton Brown has made frequent comments about Kitchen Stadium being \"an orbiting space station\" or \"an underwater facility.\" Brown has also called Kitchen Stadium \"Kitchen Stadium Number One, Two, and so on until number seven as of Battle Eggs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.16966438293457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iron Chef America" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "The game features \"a series of fast-paced and intense culinary challenges\" and includes the voice acting and likeness of The Chairman (Mark Dacascos), commentator Alton Brown and Iron Chefs Mario Batali, Masaharu Morimoto and Cat Cora, who players can either play or compete against. The Wii version of the game has received mediocre to slightly unfavorable reviews, with an average score of 42% determined by critical score aggregator Metacritic. The DS version of the game has received overall better scores, with median review score of 62%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2155022621154785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iron Chef America" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "Good Eats is a television cooking show, created and hosted by Alton Brown, which aired in North America on Food Network and later Cooking Channel. Likened to television science educators Mr. Wizard and Bill Nye, Brown explores the science and technique behind the cooking, the history of different foods, and the advantages of different kinds of cooking equipment. The show tends to focus on familiar dishes that can easily be made at home, and also features segments on choosing the right appliances, and getting the most out of inexpensive, multi-purpose tools. Each episode of Good Eats has a distinct theme, which is typically an ingredient or a certain cooking technique, but may also be a more general theme such as Thanksgiving. In the tenth anniversary episode, Alton Brown stated that the show was inspired by the idea of combining Julia Child, Mr. Wizard, and Monty Python. On May 11, 2011, Alton Brown announced that the series would come to a close, ending production at episode 249. Good Eats is the third longest running Food Network series, behind 30 Minute Meals and Barefoot Contessa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7513742446899414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "On the January 4, 2010 episode, Good Eats revealed Alton Brown's changed eating habits that led to his losing 50 pounds in 9 months. Brown emphasized that he was not on a diet; in spite of this claim, however, Brown went on to describe a regimen that prescribes certain healthful foods with specific degrees of regularity (daily, once every two days, etc.) while proscribing unhealthy foods. He did, however, make clear that this was not a diet in the modern American sense of the word, but in the original Greek meaning. Prescribed foods included breakfast every day (usually a fruit smoothie), oily fish, whole grains, etc. The episode comically claimed the entire story was in Brown's new book, Buff Like Me.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.395663261413574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "Good Eats was nominated for the James Beard Foundation's \"Best T.V. Food Journalism Award\" in 2000, and the series earned a Peabody Award in 2006. \"Rarely has science been taught on TV in such an entertaining – and appetizing – manner as it is in Alton Brown's goofy, tirelessly inventive series.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.336798667907715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "In 2011, Alton Brown was given the James Beard Award for Best TV Food Personality for his work on Good Eats. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.237457752227783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "On May 9, 2011, Alton Brown announced via his Twitter that he is \"retiring\" the show after 249 episodes, and there will be three new one-hour episodes to be produced and premiered in 2011. The back catalog of shows were added to the repeat rotation of sister network Cooking Channel in the fall of 2011, and Brown announced that his contract with Food Network has expired and moved to Cooking Channel in 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.097915649414062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "The crew of the show with their families are shown at the end of the first hour-long episodes (\"Right On Q\") eating BBQ while Alton narrates that truly a BBQ is just an event meant to be shared with friends and family. In the special Thanksgiving episode of 2011, \"Reromancing the Bird\", favorite characters of the show — sister Marsha, niece Marsha Jr., neighbor Chuck, the southerner Uncle Colonel Bob Boatwright, the food agent Sid, Frances Andersen portraying Uncle Bob's nurse, and the Dungeon Master — reappeared for a last time as a final tribute to their contribution to the show. At the end of the final episode, for the first time in years, Alton Brown did not finish the show with the line \"see you next time on Good Eats\". Instead, he said, \"Stay dark, America\", snapped his fingers, and the screen went dark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.720424652099609, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "The final episode of Good Eats, titled \"Turn on the Dark\", was aired February 10, 2012. Alton Brown announced the following statement via Facebook earlier that day at approximately 2:00 PM EST:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.216109752655029, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "In an interview with Larry King, Alton Brown said \"I crossed the 250 episode line, and I realized that I was tired. It was a very stressful show to make; it was completely scripted, we did between 300 and 600 pages of research. I can only do 22 a year, because they were very involved. We shot them like movies, single-camera … I crossed that line, and I also kind of saw the writing on the wall, I think, which was that the era of the instructional or educational culinary show was frankly coming to an end in primetime. I think I saw that primetime food shows were going to go to competitions and reality. … I would have rather put it out to pasture than be cancelled.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.981722831726074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "Alton Brown addressed Good Eats future at the end of a video he posted to his official Facebook page on July 16, 2015. In response to fan questions, Brown replied: \"You want to see Good Eats again? Get in touch with the Food Network. Tell them you want it. Tell them I sent you.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.521394729614258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Good Eats" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "Brown was born July 30, 1962 in Los Angeles, California and spent his youth in Georgia. Brown's father, Alton Brown, Sr., was a media executive in Cleveland, Georgia, owner of radio station WRWH and publisher of the newspaper White County News. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.847323417663574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alton Brown" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "The pilot for Good Eats first aired in July 1998 on the PBS member TV station WTTW in Chicago, Illinois. Food Network picked up the show in July 1999. In May 2011, Alton Brown announced an end to Good Eats after 14 seasons. The final episode, \"Turn on the Dark\", aired February 10, 2012.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.282619476318359, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alton Brown" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "In October 2013, Alton launched \"Alton Brown Live: The Edible Inevitable Tour,\" his first national tour visiting 46 cities through March 2014. The show includes stand-up comedy, talk show antics, a multimedia lecture, live music and \"extreme\" food experimentation ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.307644844055176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alton Brown" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "The Alton Browncast", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.148106575012207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alton Brown" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "On June 28, 2013, Alton Brown joined the Nerdist Podcast Network with his podcast The Alton Browncast. In this podcast, Brown reviews recent food news, takes calls and questions from listeners, and interviews celebrities and other guests. Food is often a focal point of the podcast, but several episodes have branched off into other areas of Brown's interest, including men's style, production and recording of music, and various aspects of acting and cinematography. So far, it has featured chats with food luminaries such as Justin Warner, Hugh Acheson, Alex Guarnaschelli, Bobby Flay, and Keith Schroder. Guests have also included men's style maven Sid Mashburn and clothing manufacturing team Adam Schoenberg and Cory Rosenberg; producer Jim Milan and soundman Patrick Beldin from \"The Edible Inevitable Tour\" and actor Bart Hansard, who played multiple characters on Good Eats. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.211441993713379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alton Brown" }, { "answer": "Alton Brown", "passage": "* Alton Brown's Gear for Your Kitchen (ISBN 1-58479-296-5, 2003)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.919622421264648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alton Brown" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Jacob \"Jake\" Black is a character in the Twilight series by Stephenie Meyer. He is described as an attractive Native American of the Quileute tribe in La Push, near Forks, Washington. In the second book of the series, he discovers that he can shapeshift into a wolf. For the majority of the series, Jacob competes with Edward Cullen for Bella Swan's love. In the films Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, Breaking Dawn Part 1 and Breaking Dawn Part 2, Jacob is played by Taylor Lautner.", "precise_score": 7.736870765686035, "rough_score": 8.27567195892334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jacob Black" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Edward Cullen (né Edward Anthony Masen) is a fictional character in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series. He is featured in the books Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, and their corresponding film adaptations, and the as yet unfinished novel Midnight Sun—a re-telling of the events of Twilight from Edward's perspective. Edward is a telepathic vampire who, over the course of the series, falls in love with, marries, and has a child with Bella Swan, a human teenager who later chooses to become a vampire as well. In the Twilight film series, Edward is played by actor Robert Pattinson.", "precise_score": 6.807806491851807, "rough_score": 7.290178298950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Isabella Marie \"Bella\" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is a character and the protagonist of the Twilight series, written by Stephenie Meyer. The Twilight series, consisting of the novels Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn, is primarily narrated from Bella's point of view. In the film series, Bella is portrayed by actress Kristen Stewart.", "precise_score": 5.359613418579102, "rough_score": 8.151379585266113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "In Twilight, Bella moves to her father's home in Forks, Washington, meets the mysterious Cullen family, and falls in love with Edward Cullen. However, she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires. Bella expresses a desire to become a vampire herself, against Edward's wishes. In the second novel, New Moon, Edward and the other Cullens leave Forks in an effort to keep Bella safe from the vampire world. Jacob Black, a member of the Quileute tribe who is also a shape shifter taking a wolf form, comforts the distraught and severely depressed Bella. She comes to care deeply for Jacob, though less than she loves Edward. At the end of Eclipse, Bella becomes engaged to Edward, and they marry in Breaking Dawn. On their honeymoon, she becomes pregnant by Edward and, due to the peculiar nature of her baby, Bella nearly dies giving birth to their daughter, Renesmee Cullen. Edward turns her into a vampire to save her life.", "precise_score": 5.359262466430664, "rough_score": 6.181392192840576, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Twilight is about a 17-year-old girl named Bella Swan, who moves from her mother's home in Phoenix, Arizona, to live with her father in her birthtown of Forks, Washington. There, she becomes intrigued by a student, Edward Cullen. When Edward saves her life, he exhibits super-human qualities. Bella learns from family friend Jacob Black that Quileute legends say the Cullen family are vampires. Edward eventually admits to this truth, though his family hunts only animals, not humans, through moral choice. Edward constantly warns Bella against being with him, perceiving her life to be at constant risk if she continues to associate with him because the scent of her blood is more powerful to him than that of any other human he has ever encountered. Bella's love and confidence in Edward's restraint is such that his warnings go unheeded, and on an outing with the Cullens she becomes the target of a sadistic vampire, James. With his family's help, Edward is able to save Bella from James' predations, but Edward is still unwilling to change Bella into a vampire himself. ", "precise_score": 5.284372806549072, "rough_score": 5.986291408538818, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "The plot is driven by the machinations of the vampire Victoria, who first encountered Bella and the Cullens during the first book, Twilight. Victoria, seeking to avenge her lover, James', death, hunts Bella while building a new vampire army. To combat this threat, a grudging truce is struck between the Cullens and the Native American shape-shifting wolf pack led by Sam Uley and Jacob Black, who pits himself against Edward as a love interest for Bella. Initially, Bella considers Jacob only as a friend but, despite her engagement to Edward, she shares a kiss with Jacob and realizes she loves him as well. Ultimately, Edward accepts Bella's love for Jacob and successfully destroys Victoria. Bella acknowledges that Edward is the most important person in her life, agreeing to announce their engagement to her father. ", "precise_score": 5.086334705352783, "rough_score": 5.485785484313965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "According to Stephenie Meyer, Jacob was originally meant to be a device through which Bella could learn Edward's secret in Twilight. Meyer, her agent, and her editor all liked the character so much that they decided to give him a larger role in the following book, New Moon, with Meyer calling the character, \"my favorite gift that New Moon gave to me.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0776352882385254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jacob Black" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "\"Jacob was my first experience with a character taking over—a minor character developing such roundness and life that I couldn't keep him locked inside a tiny role....From the very beginning, even when Jacob only appeared in chapter six of Twilight, he was so alive. I liked him. More than I should for such a small part.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.318418502807617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jacob Black" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Meyer has said that after Jacob started emerging as a prominent character in New Moon, she went back to Twilight, which she was editing at the time, to \"weave Jacob and [his father Billy] throughout Twilight more centrally.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.58169937133789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jacob Black" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Twilight Saga", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.496369361877441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jacob Black" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Taylor Lautner played the part of Jacob Black in the film adaptation of Twilight. Due to major physical changes in the character of Jacob between Twilight and New Moon, director Chris Weitz considered replacing Lautner in the sequel with an actor who could more accurately portray \"the new, larger Jacob Black.\" In an attempt to keep the role, Lautner stated, \"I have been working out. I've been working out since the day we finished filming Twilight. I just weighed myself today; I've put on 19 pounds... [and] I'm guaranteeing Weitz 10 more [pounds] by filming.\" Lautner would continue to play the role of Jacob in New Moon, and all the subsequent films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.528491020202637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jacob Black" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Many fans of the Twilight franchise, particularly teenagers, have debated whether Edward or Jacob is the better match for Bella. Both sides of the debate have coalesced around informal \"teams\" of followers, whether \"Team Jacob\" or \"Team Edward.\" In a poll done by Novel Novice Twilight and appearing on NNT News in 2008, Team Jacob got 2,641 votes and Team Edward got 5,130 votes. A poll done by Top7 with over 43,000 votes had Jacob trailing Edward by around 3,000 votes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4210364818573, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jacob Black" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Lautner portrayed a diehard Edward supporter in a December 12, 2009 sketch lampooning Twilight fans on Saturday Night Live.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.874370574951172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jacob Black" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Twilight", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025711059570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "In Twilight, Edward meets Bella Swan, a human girl whose thoughts he is unable to read, and whose blood smells overwhelmingly sweet to him. He fights a growing attraction to her, but after saving her life on several occasions, he succumbs and eventually falls in love with her. Edward admits to Bella that he is a vampire, and that although he retains the physical body of a seventeen-year-old, he was actually born on June 20, 1901. His adoptive father, Carlisle Cullen, transformed him into a vampire in 1918 to prevent him from dying in the Spanish influenza epidemic in Chicago, Illinois by the request of Edward's mother who begged him to do whatever it took to save him. Carlisle instilled in him a sense of morality uncommon in most vampires, and central to his way of life is the refusal to consider humans as food.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3764770030975342, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Like all the vampires in the Twilight series, Edward is described as being impossibly beautiful. At various points in the series, Bella compares him to the mythical Greek god Adonis. His skin is \"like marble\"—very pale, ice cold, and sparkles in the sunlight. She describes his facial features as being perfect and angular—high cheekbones, strong jawline, a straight nose, and full lips. His hair, which is always messy, retains the unusual bronze shade that he inherited in his human life from his biological mother. His eyes, once green, are now described as topaz. His appearance changes if he goes too long without feeding: his eyes darken, becoming almost black, and purple bruises appear beneath his eyes. Edward is 6'2\", and has a slender but muscular body.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.675199031829834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Edward, like all vampires in the Twilight series, possesses superhuman stamina, senses, mentality, and agility, as well as a healing factor and night vision. His superhuman strength allows him to subdue his prey, uproot trees, throw cars, and crush metal. His bodily tissue is stronger than granite, making him much more durable and tougher than humans as well as contributing slightly to his body weight. He is described as being inhumanly beautiful with refined and perfected features. His scent and voice are enormously seductive to Bella, so much so that he occasionally sends her into a pliant daze entirely by accident. In Twilight, Edward explains that like other vampires, he does not need to breathe, though he chooses to do so out of habit and because it is helpful to smell his environment. He cannot digest regular food, and compares its attractiveness for him to the prospect of eating dirt for a regular person. Like other vampires, Edward is not able to sleep.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9612345695495605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Edward is musical, able to play the piano like a virtuoso. He enjoys a wide range of music, including classical, jazz, progressive metal, alternative rock, and punk rock, but dislikes country. He prefers indie rock to mainstream, and appreciates rock and classical music equally. He mentions in Twilight that he likes music from the fifties better than the sixties, dislikes the seventies, and says the eighties were \"bearable\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.19804573059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Prior to the role of Edward being cast for the 2008 Twilight film, Meyer opined that, although Edward was \"Indisputably the most difficult character to cast, [he] is also the one that I'm most passionately decided upon. The only actor I've ever seen who I think could come close to pulling off Edward Cullen is....(drumroll)....Henry Cavill.\" When the film was optioned by Summit Entertainment in July 2007, Meyer stated that; \"The most disappointing thing for me is losing my perfect Edward\", as Cavill was by then 24 years old, and thus too old to realistically fill the role. Meyer reported on her website that the four most popular fan suggestions for actors to play Edward were Hayden Christensen, Robert Pattinson, Orlando Bloom and Gerard Way. On 11 December 2007, it was announced that Pattinson, known for his portrayal of Cedric Diggory in the Harry Potter films, had been cast in the role. Erik Feig, Summit Entertainment’s President of Production, stated: \"It is always a challenge to find the right actor for a part that has lived so vividly in the imaginations of readers but we took the responsibility seriously and are confident, with Rob Pattinson, that we have found the perfect Edward for our Bella in Twilight.\" Meyer stated that; \"I am ecstatic with Summit's choice for Edward. There are very few actors who can look both dangerous and beautiful at the same time, and even fewer who I can picture in my head as Edward. Robert Pattinson is going to be amazing.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.299060821533203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Twilight's director, Catherine Hardwicke, said of the casting process that \"[e]verybody has such an idealized vision of Edward. They were rabid [about who I was going to cast]. Like, old ladies saying, 'You better get it right.\" She revealed that she was initially underwhelmed by a photo of Pattinson, but said of his audition, which was a love scene with co-star Kristen Stewart: \"It was electric. The room shorted out, the sky opened up, and I was like, 'This is going to be good.'\" Pattinson has admitted; \"I had no idea how to play the part when I went in, and it was a good thing to find during the audition. I really wanted it after that, but I didn’t really even know what it was. I hadn’t really read any of the books. And just from that, ‘I want this job.’ It was pretty much because of Kristen.\" In early 2008, Pattinson spoke of a fan backlash against his casting, disclosing Entertainment Weekly that \"I stopped reading [fansites and blogs] after I saw the signatures saying 'Please, anyone else.'\" He revealed to the Evening Standard that; \"The books have a huge following, and I’ve already got bags of letters from angry fans, telling me that I can’t possibly play Edward, because I’m Diggory. I hope I can prove them wrong.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.295289039611816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Following an April 2008 set visit, Meyer opined that Pattinson and Stewart had developed chemistry so good it \"may cause hyperventilation\". Pattinson revealed that Meyer had given him an early copy of Midnight Sun—a re-telling of the events of Twilight, narrated from Edward's point of view. He explained that: \"That is what I liked about [taking on] the job, because the guy doesn’t really exist that much, so you can just create whatever you want. Then, when I found out there was another book from Edward’s perspective, [I read it and it turned out] we had the same perspective!\" In preparation for the role, Pattinson wrote journal entries as Edward and distanced from his friends and family, explaining that he \"wanted to feel his isolation\". Physically, he revealed that; \"I was supposed to get a six-pack. But it didn't really work out.\" One scene in the story sees Edward, a gifted pianist, compose a lullaby for Bella. Pattinson was given the opportunity to submit a composition for consideration for this scene, with Hardwicke stating; \"I told him he should write one, and let’s see if we can make it work, because that would be really cool if it was Rob’s song. He’s a beautiful musician, a very creative soul, very similar to Edward. He just totally reads the most interesting stuff, and sees the most interesting movies, and is very introspective and diving into his existential self.\" Meyer approved; \"If Robert could write a lullaby, that would definitely add to some of the mystique of the movie, wouldn’t it?\" While two of Pattinson's compositions do feature in the final film, the lullaby piece finally selected was composed by Carter Burwell. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.867737770080566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "In April 2008, Hardwicke, in a turnabout from her initial underwhelmed reaction upon first seeing a photograph of Pattinson, enthused; \"The thing that’s great about him is he really does [...] feel like he’s otherworldly. I mean, he doesn’t look like a normal guy. And when you read the book, you think, ‘Who on the planet can live up to this description?’ But I think he does. He’s just got that chiseled face that photographs exactly like it’s described in the book. When you read about the sculptured cheeks and chiseled jawbone and everything, it’s like, ‘Wow. Did she write this for Rob?\" Pattinson, in a detailed interview on how he perceives the character, admitted to having incorporated aspects of Rebel Without a Cause into his portrayal of Edward, assessing; \"I guess kind of the thing which I found interesting is that he is essentially the hero of this story but violently denies that he is the hero. Like at every point even when he does heroic things he still thinks that he’s [...] the most ridiculously selfish evil creature around. [..] He refuses to accept Bella’s love for him but at the same time can’t help but just kind of needs it, which is kind of what the essential storyline is.\" Appearing at ComicCon in July 2008 while the film was in post-production, Pattinson surmised the Twilight experience as: \"bizarre. You kind of know that it is essentially the book. The book has so many obsessive, obsessively loyal fans. It's strange because people just immediately relate you to the character right away rather than you as an actor.\" Pattinson reprised his role as Edward in all of the Twilight sequels. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.824380874633789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Larry Carroll for MTV Movies deemed Edward and Bella \"an iconic love story for a whole generation\", while Kirkus cited Edward's portrayal in Twilight as being \"overly Byronic\". Edward Cullen was also ranked #5 on the Forbes list of Hollywood's 10 Most Powerful Vampires. Entertainment Weekly named him \"one of the greatest characters of the last 20 years\" and described him as a \"literary influence and love of girls and women everywhere for a long time to come\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8536183834075928, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Since the release of the Twilight series, the character of Edward has developed somewhat of a cult following, with millions of devoted, mostly female, fans worldwide. However, while the character has been called the \"obsession of teen girls\", several criticisms of his character, in particular accusations of sexism, have emerged. Gina R. Dalfonzo of the National Review Online described Edward's character as mentally unstable and a \"predator\", using behavioral examples such as spying on Bella while she sleeps, eavesdropping on her conversations, dictating her choice of friends, and encouraging her to deceive her father as reasons why Dalfonzo believes he is \"one of modern fiction's best candidates for a restraining order.\" Author and editor of Twilight and Philosophy Rebecca Housel suggested that Edward's romantic literary persona translates in real life into what Housel called a \"stalker\" in her chapter focusing on separating the fact from the fiction in Twilight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.810645580291748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "The premise for both the Bella Swan character and the Twilight series originated in a dream Stephenie Meyer had in which an \"average girl\" and a \"fantastically beautiful, sparkly ... vampire ... were having an intense conversation in a meadow in the woods.\" In this dream, the pair \"were discussing the difficulties inherent in the facts that ... they were falling in love with each other while ... the vampire was particularly attracted to the scent of her blood, and was having a difficult time restraining himself from killing her.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6100534200668335, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Twilight", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025711059570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "EENT", "passage": "New Moon begins on Bella's eighteenth birthday. She dreams about looking much older than Edward Cullen, her boyfriend. During a birthday celebration at the Cullens, Bella gets a small paper cut while unwrapping a present. Edward's brother, Jasper, instinctively thirsting for her blood, launches an attack, though he is stopped. Edward realizes that his relationship with Bella puts her in danger. In a misguided attempt to protect Bella, he convinces her that he no longer loves her and moves away with his family, leaving her heartbroken and depressed for months.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3542046546936035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Bella is described in the novels as being very pale with brown hair which is often described as mahogany, chocolate brown eyes, and a heart-shaped face. Beyond this, a detailed description of her appearance is never given in the series. Stephenie Meyer explains that she \"left out a detailed description of Bella in the book so that the reader could more easily step into her shoes.\" While Meyer stresses that \"Bella's looks are open to interpretation\", she does supply her own personal interpretation on her website, describing Bella as: Bella also has a small crescent-shaped scar on her arm/wrist where she was bitten by James, a tracker vampire, in Twilight. The scar is described as pale, always a few degrees colder than the rest of her body, and slightly sparkly in the sunlight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.185580253601074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "In the film adaptations, Bella is portrayed by actress Kristen Stewart. Meyer stated that she was \"very excited\" to see Stewart play the part and that she was \"thrilled to have a Bella who has practice [in a vast array of film genres]\", since, according to Meyer, Twilight has moments that fit into many genres. Stewart wears contact lenses in the films in order to achieve a chocolate brown eye colour as described in the books.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.768040657043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "answer": "Twilight", "passage": "Bella has received a generally negative reception from critics. Publishers Weekly states that, after her transformation into a vampire, \"it's almost impossible to identify with her\" in Breaking Dawn. Lilah Lohr of the Chicago Tribune compares Bella's character to the story of the Quileute wolves and describes it as \"less satisfying.\" During Twilight, Kirkus Reviews stated that \"Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character\", but that her and Edward's \"portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot\". In the review of New Moon, Kirkus Reviews said that Bella's personality was \"flat and obsessive\". Laura Miller of salon.com said, in regards to Edward and Bella, \"neither of them has much personality to speak of.\" Entertainment Weeklys Jennifer Reese, in her review of Breaking Dawn noted, in regard to Bella, \"You may wish she had loftier goals and a mind of her own, but these are fairy tales, and as a steadfast lover in the Disney Princess mold, Bella has a certain saccharine appeal\", and that during Bella's pregnancy \"she is not only hard to identify with but positively horrifying, especially while guzzling human blood to nourish the infant.\" Washington Post journalist Elizabeth Hand noted how Bella was often described as breakable and that \"Edward's habit of constantly pulling her onto his lap or having her ride on his back further emphasize her childlike qualities\", continuing to write that \"the overall effect is a weird infantilization that has repellent overtones to an adult reader and hardly seems like an admirable model to foist upon our daughters (or sons).\" Gina Dalfonzo, in an article posted on the National Review website, calls Bella \"self-deprecating\" before her transformation into a vampire, and afterwards she is \"insufferably vain\". Dalfonzo also states that Bella gets what she wants and discovers her worth \"by giving up her identity and throwing away nearly everything in life that matters.\" Bella has also been described by some critics as \"boring, bland, and a Mary Sue\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.5023512840271, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bella Swan" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Pillsbury", "Pillsbury (disambiguation)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "pillsbury", "pillsbury disambiguation" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "pillsbury", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Pillsbury" }

[ { "answer": "Pillsbury", "passage": "Poppin' Fresh, more widely known as the Pillsbury Doughboy, is an advertising icon and mascot of the Pillsbury Company, appearing in many of their commercials. Many commercials from 1965 until 2004 (returned in 2009 to 2011 and 2013 in a Geico Commercial) conclude with a human finger poking the Doughboy's stomach. The Doughboy responds when his stomach is poked by giggling (Hoo-Hoo!, or earlier on, a slight giggle \"tee hee\").", "precise_score": 0.8704570531845093, "rough_score": 3.2128798961639404, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pillsbury Doughboy" }, { "answer": "Pillsbury", "passage": "Perz originally conceived the Doughboy as an animated figure, but changed his mind after seeing a stop motion titling technique used in the opening credits for The Dinah Shore Show. A three-dimensional Doughboy puppet was then created at a cost of $16,000. Veteran cartoon voice actor Paul Frees was chosen to be Fresh's voice. Veteran stop-motion animator George Pal was hired to animate him. The first Poppin' Fresh commercials aired in October 1965. Since then, Pillsbury has used Poppin' Fresh in more than 600 commercials for more than fifty of its products. He also appeared in a MasterCard commercial, with the Jolly Green Giant, the Morton Salt Girl, the Vlasic stork, and Count Chocula, as some of the ten merchandising icons, depicted as having dinner together. He even appears in ads for the Got Milk? ad campaign and the Sprint Phone Company.", "precise_score": 2.6208674907684326, "rough_score": -1.087225079536438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pillsbury Doughboy" }, { "answer": "Pillsbury", "passage": "The Pillsbury Doughboy was created by Rudy Perz, a copywriter for Pillsbury's longtime advertising agency, Leo Burnett. Perz was sitting in his kitchen in the spring of 1965, under pressure to create an advertising campaign for Pillsbury's refrigerated dough product line (biscuits, dinner rolls, sweet rolls and cookies). Perz imagined a living dough boy popping out of a Pillsbury Crescent Rolls can. To distinguish the dough boy from the rolls, he gave it a scarf, a chef's hat, two big blue eyes, a blush, and a soft, warm chuckle when poked in the stomach. The Doughboy was originally designed by Milt Schaffer and brought to life using stop motion clay animation. Today, CGI is used. The first CGI commercial was directed by Tim Johnson who at that time was working for PDI.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0143818855285645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pillsbury Doughboy" }, { "answer": "Pillsbury", "passage": "Pillsbury family", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12985610961914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pillsbury Doughboy" }, { "answer": "Pillsbury", "passage": "In the 1970s, a Pillsbury Doughboy family was created and sold as dolls individually and in the form of various playsets. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.357929229736328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pillsbury Doughboy" }, { "answer": "Pillsbury", "passage": "* Poppie Fresh (a.k.a. Mrs. Poppin' Fresh, Pillsbury Doughgirl). It is debated among collectors as to whether Poppie is Poppin's wife, girlfriend or sister. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.721158742904663, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pillsbury Doughboy" }, { "answer": "Pillsbury", "passage": "In May 2016, Pillsbury's lawyers served a cease and desist notice to My Dough Girl, LLC. a Salt Lake City, Utah Cookie Retailer. Some reported that an attorney for General Mills instructed her not to talk to the press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004533767700195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pillsbury Doughboy" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Coccygeal Vertebrae", "Tailbone", "Coccyx", "Coxics", "Coxyx", "Tumbong", "Coccygeal vertebrae", "Os coccygeum", "Coccyges", "Coccygeal", "Tail-bone", "Os coccygicum", "Coccygeal cornu", "Extensor coccygis", "Coxix", "Tail bone", "Os caudae", "Coccygeal vertebræ", "Human tail bone", "Os coccygis", "Cocsix" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "os coccygeum", "coccygeal cornu", "human tail bone", "os coccygis", "coccygeal", "tailbone", "coccyges", "extensor coccygis", "coxix", "coccyx", "os caudae", "cocsix", "coccygeal vertebræ", "coxyx", "tumbong", "tail bone", "os coccygicum", "coxics", "coccygeal vertebrae" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "tailbone", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Tailbone" }

[ { "answer": "Tailbone", "passage": "The coccyx ( ; plural: coccyges or coccyxes), commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the vertebral column in humans and apes, and certain other mammals such as horses.", "precise_score": 6.280502796173096, "rough_score": 7.480540752410889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": "Most anatomy books incorrectly state that the coccyx is normally fused in adults. In fact it has been shown that the coccyx may consist of up to five separate bony segments, the most common configuration being two or three segments. ", "precise_score": -0.4478256106376648, "rough_score": 5.465797424316406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": " A number of tumors are known to involve the coccyx; of these, the most common is sacrococcygeal teratoma. Both coccydynia and coccygeal tumors may require surgical removal of the coccyx (coccygectomy). One very rare complication of coccygectomy is a type of perineal hernia known as a coccygeal hernia. ", "precise_score": 4.2586565017700195, "rough_score": 6.4354939460754395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": "The term coccyx is derived from the ancient Greek word kokkyx \"cuckoo\"; the latter is attested in the writings of the Greek physician Herophilus to denote the end of the vertebral column. This Greek name for the cuckoo was applied as the last three or four bones of the coccyx resemble the beak of this bird, when viewed from the side. ", "precise_score": 5.721255302429199, "rough_score": 7.244879722595215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccygeal Vertebrae", "passage": "It comprises three to five separate or fused coccygeal vertebrae below the sacrum, attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7307002544403076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": "The coccyx is formed of either three, four or five rudimentary vertebrae. It articulates superiorly with the sacrum. In each of the first three segments may be traced a rudimentary body and articular and transverse processes; the last piece (sometimes the third) is a mere nodule of bone. The transverse processes are most prominent and noticeable on the first coccygeal segment. All the segments lack pedicles, laminae and spinous processes. The first is the largest; it resembles the lowest sacral vertebra, and often exists as a separate piece; the remaining ones diminish in size from above downward.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.213907241821289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccygeal Vertebrae", "passage": "The anterior surface is slightly concave and marked with three transverse grooves that indicate the junctions of the different segments. It gives attachment to the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament and the levatores ani and supports part of the rectum. The posterior surface is convex, marked by transverse grooves similar to those on the anterior surface, and presents on either side a linear row of tubercles–the rudimentary articular processes of the coccygeal vertebrae. Of these, the superior pair are the largest, and are called the cornua coccygeum they project upward, and articulate with the cornua of the sacrum, and on either side complete the foramen for the transmission of the posterior division of the fifth sacral nerve.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.762850284576416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccygeal Vertebrae", "passage": "The lateral borders are thin and exhibit a series of small eminences, which represent the transverse processes of the coccygeal vertebrae. Of these, the first is the largest; it is flattened from before backward, and often ascends to join the lower part of the thin lateral edge of the sacrum, thus completing the foramen for the transmission of the anterior division of the fifth sacral nerve; the others diminish in size from above downward, and are often wanting. The borders of the coccyx are narrow, and give attachment on either side to the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, to the coccygeus in front of the ligaments, and to the gluteus maximus behind them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1229023933410645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Extensor coccygis", "passage": "Extensor coccygis ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.166800498962402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": "The extensor coccygis is a slender muscle fascicle, which is not always present. It extends over the lower part of the posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx. It arises by tendinous fibers from the last segment of the sacrum, or first piece of the coccyx, and passes downward to be inserted into the lower part of the coccyx. It is a rudiment of the extensor muscle of the caudal vertebrae of other animals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.234816074371338, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccygeal", "passage": "Sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal joints ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.993152618408203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": "In humans and other tailless primates (e.g., great apes) since Nacholapithecus (a Miocene hominoid), Note: Nacholapithecus and Nakaliphitecus nakayamai are two different species of Miocene hominoids (specimens from Nakali and Nachola respectively). See for example \"Comparisons with Other Hominoids\" in (Kunimatsu, Nakatsukasa et al. Dec 2007) the coccyx is the remnant of a vestigial tail, but still not entirely useless; it is an important attachment for various muscles, tendons and ligaments—which makes it necessary for physicians and patients to pay special attention to these attachments when considering surgical removal of the coccyx. Additionally, it is also a part of the weight-bearing tripod structure which acts as a support for a sitting person. When a person sits leaning forward, the ischial tuberosities and inferior rami of the ischium take most of the weight, but as the sitting person leans backward, more weight is transferred to the coccyx.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3374078273773193, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": "The anterior side of the coccyx serves for the attachment of a group of muscles important for many functions of the pelvic floor (i.e., defecation, continence, etc.): the levator ani muscle, which include coccygeus, iliococcygeus, and pubococcygeus. Through the anococcygeal raphe, the coccyx supports the position of the anus. Attached to the posterior side is gluteus maximus which extend the thigh during ambulation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.656660079956055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": "Many important ligaments attach to the coccyx: the anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments are the continuations of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments that stretches along the entire spine. Additionally, the lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments complete the foramina for the last sacral nerve. And, lastly, some fibers of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments (arising from the spine of the ischium and the ischial tuberosity respectively) also attach to the coccyx.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5280332565307617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Coccyx", "passage": "An extension of the pia mater, the filum terminale, extends from the apex of the conus, and inserts on the coccyx.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.0413053072988987, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Tailbone", "passage": "Injuring the coccyx can give rise to a painful condition called coccydynia and one or more of the bones or the connections thereof may be broken, fractured tailbone. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.7686924934387207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" }, { "answer": "Tailbone", "passage": "Besides os cuculi, os caudae, with caudae, of the tail is attested. This Latin expression might be the source of the English, French language, German and Dutch terms tailbone, l'os de la queue, Schwanzbein and staartbeen. In the current official anatomic Latin nomenclature, Terminologia Anatomica, coccyx and os coccygis is used.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8874473571777344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Coccyx" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Bycicle", "Pedal bicycle", "Bicycles", "Bicycle", "Pedal cycle", "Dutch bicycles", "🚲", "Bicicletta", "Bikes", "Pedalcycle", "Pedal bike", "Push bike", "Push-bike", "Bycycle", "Pushbike" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "bycicle", "bicicletta", "pedal bicycle", "push bike", "bicycle", "🚲", "pedal cycle", "pedal bike", "bicycles", "pedalcycle", "bycycle", "dutch bicycles", "pushbike", "bikes" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "bicycles", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Bicycles" }

[ { "answer": "Bicycle", "passage": "Freestyle BMX is bicycle motocross stunt riding on BMX bikes. It is an extreme sport descended from BMX racing that consists of five disciplines: street, park, vert, trails, and flatland.", "precise_score": -0.8163111805915833, "rough_score": -0.4742976427078247, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" }, { "answer": "Bikes", "passage": "In the summer of 1978, Paramount, Lakewood, and other Southern California skateparks began reserving sessions or whole days exclusively for BMX bikes. BMX racer Tinker Juarez was innovating freestyle moves in vert bowls. ", "precise_score": -5.862948417663574, "rough_score": -4.616222381591797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" }, { "answer": "Bikes", "passage": "The earliest photographic documentation of BMX freestyle shows Devin and Todd Bank in 1974 riding BMX bikes on an eight foot tall skateboard ramp they built at their childhood home in West Los Angeles, California. This was the birth of BMX ramp riding. Devin Bank was also documented doing 360 degree freestyle spinning tricks on the street and also in the air by jumping off curbs. Skateboarder Magazine then published photos of kids on bikes riding in empty household swimming pools in 1975.[1]. In 1975 kids started riding bikes in concrete reservoir channels in Escondido San Diego, California. In 1976 Devin and Todd Bank began riding BMX bikes inside the Runway Skatepark in Carson California. And, bike riders were also seen in 1976 riding at Carlsbad Skatepark in Carlsbad, California.[2]. Bob Haro and John Swanguen rode BMX bikes at Skateboard Heaven, a concrete skatepark in San Diego, California, late 1976. Later they transformed freestyle beyond skateparks by creating new bike tricks on flat streets.[3] In the fall of 1977 Bob Haro was hired as a staff artist at BMX Action Magazine where he be friended R.L. Osborn, son of the magazine publisher Bob Osborn. Haro and R.L. often practiced freestyle moves in their free time.[4]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.481012344360352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" }, { "answer": "Bikes", "passage": "Bob Osborn founded a slick quarterly magazine devoted solely to freestyle BMX. In the summer of 1984, Freestyling' Magazine made its debut. The BMX world suddenly noticed the sport's massive potential. Manufacturers hurried to the drawing boards to develop new freestyle bikes, components, and accessories, and began searching for talented riders to sponsor. Bike shops began stocking freestyle products. The AFA began to put on organized flatland and quarter-pipe competitions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5177998542785645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" }, { "answer": "Bikes", "passage": "Trails riders usually run a rear brake only as they have no use for a front brake, and usually a rotor (gyro) to make it easier to do barspins, so they do not have to spin the bars back the other way to untangle them, which is hard to do on trails. In general, trail/dirt jumping bikes have longer wheelbases (chainstays) than other BMXs to aid with stability, the added stability is important in trails riding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.950109958648682, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" }, { "answer": "Bicycle", "passage": "Flatland also differs from the others in that the terrain used is nothing but a smooth, flat surface (e.g. an asphalt parking lot, basketball courts, etc.). Tricks are performed by spinning and balancing in a variety of body and bicycle positions. Riders almost always use knurled aluminum pegs to stand on to manipulate the bike into even stranger positions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.83830738067627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" }, { "answer": "Bikes", "passage": "Flatland bikes typically have a shorter wheelbase than other freestyle bikes. Flatland bikes differ from dirt jumping bikes and freestyle bikes in one way. The frames are often more heavily reinforced because the people riding flatland often stand on the frames. This shorter wheelbase requires less effort to make the bike spin or to position the bike on one wheel. One of the primary reasons flat landers often ride only on flatland. It is the decreased stability of a shorter bike on ramps, dirt courses and streets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.129149436950684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" }, { "answer": "Bikes", "passage": "A variety of options are commonly found on flatland bikes, because its in an open space. The most unifying feature of flatland bikes is the use of four pegs, one on the end of each wheel axle. Flatland riders will choose to run either a front brake, a rear brake, both brakes, or no brakes at all, depending on stylistic preference.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.51183032989502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" }, { "answer": "Bicycle", "passage": "* Bikeflip: The rider flips his bicycle without moving his body in mid air. Similar to a tailwhip.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.996106147766113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Freestyle BMX" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Ski boat", "Boat Launch", "Boats", "Bow (boat)", "Boat propulsion", "Work boats", "Boat" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "work boats", "ski boat", "boat propulsion", "boat launch", "boat", "boats", "bow boat" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "boat", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Boat" }

[ { "answer": "Boat", "passage": "A sampan () is a relatively flat bottomed Chinese wooden boat. Some sampans include a small shelter on board, and may be used as a permanent habitation on inland waters. Sampans are generally used for transportation in coastal areas or rivers, and are often used as traditional fishing boats. It is unusual for a sampan to sail far from land as they do not have the means to survive rough weather.", "precise_score": 4.92988395690918, "rough_score": 4.640561103820801, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sampan" }, { "answer": "Boat", "passage": "Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Chinese culture, with morning exercises such as qigong and t'ai chi ch'uan widely practised, and commercial gyms and fitness clubs gaining popularity in the country. Basketball is currently the most popular spectator sport in China. The Chinese Basketball Association and the American National Basketball Association have a huge following among the people, with native or ethnic Chinese players such as Yao Ming and Yi Jianlian held in high esteem. China's professional football league was established in 2004, it is the largest football market in Asia. Other popular sports in the country include martial arts, table tennis, badminton, swimming and snooker. Board games such as go (known as wéiqí in Chinese), xiangqi, mahjong, and more recently chess, are also played at a professional level. In addition, China is home to a huge number of cyclists, with an estimated 470 million bicycles . Many more traditional sports, such as dragon boat racing, Mongolian-style wrestling and horse racing are also popular. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.770231246948242, "source": "wiki", "title": "China" }, { "answer": "Boat", "passage": "The word \"sampan\" comes from the original Hokkien term for the boats, 三板 (sam pan), literally meaning \"three planks\". The name referred to the hull design, which consists of a flat bottom (made from one plank) joined to two sides (the other two planks). The design closely resembles Western hard chine boats like the scow or punt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6434571146965027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sampan" }, { "answer": "Boat", "passage": "File:Japon-1886-32.jpg|Japanese sampan-like river boat. Dating from before 1886", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.192423820495605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sampan" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "one thousand, eight hundred and eighty-nine", "1889" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "one thousand eight hundred and eighty nine", "1889" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "1889", "type": "Numerical", "value": "1889" }

[ { "answer": "1889", "passage": "Washington is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States located north of Oregon, west of Idaho, and south of the Canadian province of British Columbia on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Named after George Washington, the first President of the United States, the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory, which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon Boundary Dispute. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the capital of the U.S., which is often shortened to Washington.", "precise_score": -3.342759132385254, "rough_score": -6.889585018157959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "answer": "1889", "passage": "The growing populace of Oregon Territory north of the Columbia River formally requested a new territory, which was granted by the U.S. government in 1853. The boundary of Washington Territory initially extended farther east than the present state's, including what is now the Idaho Panhandle and parts of western Montana, and picked up more land to the southeast that was left behind when Oregon was admitted as a state. The creation of Idaho Territory in 1863 established the final eastern border. A Washington State constitution was drafted and ratified in 1878, but it was never officially adopted. Although never approved by Congress, the 1878 constitution is an important historical document which shows the political thinking of the time. It was used extensively during the drafting of Washington State's 1889 constitution, the one and only official Constitution of the State of Washington. Washington became the 42nd state in the United States on November 11, 1889. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.698643684387207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington (state)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Black sugar", "Demerara (sugar)", "Turbinado", "Demerara sugar", "Raw sugar", "Brown (sugar)", "Demerera sugar", "Brown sugars", "Natural brown sugar", "Sugar in the Raw", "Brown sugar", "Turbinado sugar", "Natural Brown Sugar", "Whole cane sugar", "Brown Sugar" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "natural brown sugar", "turbinado sugar", "brown sugars", "brown sugar", "whole cane sugar", "sugar in raw", "black sugar", "demerara sugar", "turbinado", "raw sugar", "demerera sugar" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "brown sugar", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Brown Sugar" }

[ { "answer": "Raw sugar", "passage": "Refined sugar is made from raw sugar that has undergone a refining process to remove the molasses. Raw sugar is a sucrose which is synthesized from sugarcane or sugar beet and cannot immediately be consumed before going through the refining process to produce refined sugar or white sugar. ", "precise_score": -1.608277678489685, "rough_score": -6.552333354949951, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sugar" }, { "answer": "Brown Sugar", "passage": "*Brown sugars are granulated sugars, either containing residual molasses, or with the grains deliberately coated with molasses to produce a light- or dark-colored sugar. They are used in baked goods, confectionery, and toffees.", "precise_score": 0.19966153800487518, "rough_score": -3.8941400051116943, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sugar" }, { "answer": "Brown Sugar", "passage": "The etymology reflects the spread of the commodity. The English word \"sugar\" originates from the Sanskrit śarkarā, via Persian shakkar. It most probably came to England by way of Italian merchants. The contemporary Italian word is zucchero, whereas the Spanish and Portuguese words, azúcar and açúcar respectively, have kept a trace of the Arabic definite article. The Old French word is zuchre – contemporary French sucre. The earliest Greek word attested is σάκχαρις (sákkʰaris). A satisfactory pedigree explaining the spread of the word has yet to be done. The English word jaggery, a coarse brown sugar made from date palm sap or sugarcane juice, has a similar etymological origin; Portuguese xagara or jagara, from the Sanskrit śarkarā. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.76762866973877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sugar" }, { "answer": "Raw sugar", "passage": "Sugar has been produced in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times. It was not plentiful or cheap in early times and honey was more often used for sweetening in most parts of the world. Originally, people chewed raw sugarcane to extract its sweetness. Sugarcane was a native of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. Different species seem to have originated from different locations with Saccharum barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea. One of the earliest historical references to sugarcane is in Chinese manuscripts dating back to 8th century BC that state that the use of sugarcane originated in India.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.372383117675781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sugar" }, { "answer": "Raw sugar", "passage": "Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a perennial grass in the family Poaceae. It is cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions for the sucrose that is found in its stems. It requires a frost-free climate with sufficient rainfall during the growing season to make full use of the plant's great growth potential. The crop is harvested mechanically or by hand, chopped into lengths and conveyed rapidly to the processing plant. Here, it is either milled and the juice extracted with water or extracted by diffusion. The juice is then clarified with lime and heated to kill enzymes. The resulting thin syrup is concentrated in a series of evaporators, after which further water is removed by evaporation in vacuum containers. The resulting supersaturated solution is seeded with sugar crystals and the sugar crystallizes out and is separated from the fluid and dried. Molasses is a by-product of the process and the fiber from the stems, known as bagasse, is burned to provide energy for the sugar extraction process. The crystals of raw sugar have a sticky brown coating and either can be used as they are or can be bleached by sulfur dioxide or can be treated in a carbonatation process to produce a whiter product. About 2500 l of irrigation water is needed for every one kilogram of sugar produced. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.161767959594727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sugar" }, { "answer": "Raw sugar", "passage": "Refined sugar is widely used for industrial needs for higher quality. Refined sugar is purer (ICUMSA below 300) than raw sugar (ICUMSA over 1,500). The level of purity associated with the colors of sugar, expressed by standard number ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods of sugar Analysis), the smaller ICUMSA numbers indicate that higher purity of sugar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.632522583007812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sugar" }, { "answer": "Brown Sugar", "passage": "*Firmly packed brown sugar 1 lb = 2.5 cups (or 1.3 L per kg, 0.77 kg/L)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.007821083068848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sugar" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Chindia", "China and India" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "chindia", "china and india" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "china and india", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "China and India" }

[ { "answer": "China and India", "passage": "Nepal has friendship treaties with India and the United Kingdom. It is a founding member and hosts the permanent secretariat of SAARC. It is also a member of the United Nations and BIMSTEC. Nepal is strategically important due to its location between Asia's great powers, China and India.", "precise_score": -3.6932766437530518, "rough_score": -6.9366984367370605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nepal" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Insulin antagonists", "Human Mixtard", "Insulin recombinant purified human", "INS (gene)", "Insulin Human", "C65R", "Insulin recombinant human", "C257H383N65O77S6", "Insulin purified pork", "Actraphane", "Insulin zinc susp recombinant human", "Insuline", "Insulin zinc susp prompt beef", "Insullin", "Insulin zinc susp semisynthetic purified human", "Insulin aspart recombinant", "B10H", "Insulin purified beef", "Insulin gene", "Insulin zinc susp extended recombinant human", "Aktrapid", "Oral insulin", "Insulin zinc susp purified pork", "Human mixtard", "Insulin zinc susp extended beef", "Insulin zinc susp extended purified beef", "Insulin release", "Insulin zinc susp purified beef", "Actrapid", "Insulin glargine recombinant", "Insulin zinc susp prompt purified pork", "Insulin pork", "Iletin i (beef-pork)", "Iletin II", "Insulin zinc susp beef", "Mixtard", "Insulin, porcine", "Insulin" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "insulin zinc susp prompt beef", "insulin zinc susp purified beef", "insulin gene", "insulin pork", "insulin zinc susp beef", "insulin human", "insulin zinc susp extended purified beef", "human mixtard", "insulin recombinant human", "insulin purified beef", "insulin antagonists", "iletin i beef pork", "insulin zinc susp purified pork", "insulin purified pork", "actrapid", "insulin zinc susp prompt purified pork", "insullin", "iletin ii", "oral insulin", "insulin zinc susp recombinant human", "insulin aspart recombinant", "c257h383n65o77s6", "insulin recombinant purified human", "insulin glargine recombinant", "mixtard", "actraphane", "insulin zinc susp extended beef", "insuline", "insulin zinc susp extended recombinant human", "ins gene", "insulin", "insulin zinc susp semisynthetic purified human", "c65r", "b10h", "insulin release", "aktrapid", "insulin porcine" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "insulin", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Insulin" }

[ { "answer": "Insulin", "passage": "World Diabetes Day is the primary global awareness campaign of the diabetes world and is held on November 14 each year. It was introduced in 1991 by the International Diabetes Federation and the World Health Organization in response to the alarming rise of diabetes around the world. World Diabetes Day is a campaign that features a new theme chosen by the International Diabetes Federation each year to address issues facing the global diabetes community. While the campaigns last the whole year, the day itself marks the birthday of Frederick Banting who, along with Charles Best and John James Rickard Macleod, first conceived the idea which led to the discovery of insulin in 1922. ", "precise_score": 2.521986961364746, "rough_score": 5.676180362701416, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Diabetes Day" }, { "answer": "Insulin", "passage": "Many hormones and their structural and functional analogs are used as medication. The most commonly prescribed hormones are estrogens and progestogens (as methods of hormonal contraception and as HRT), thyroxine (as levothyroxine, for hypothyroidism) and steroids (for autoimmune diseases and several respiratory disorders). Insulin is used by many diabetics. Local preparations for use in otolaryngology often contain pharmacologic equivalents of adrenaline, while steroid and vitamin D creams are used extensively in dermatological practice.", "precise_score": -8.133190155029297, "rough_score": -9.433333396911621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hormone" }, { "answer": "Insulin", "passage": "Hormone secretion may occur in many tissues. Endocrine glands are the cardinal example, but specialized cells in various other organs also secrete hormones. Hormone secretion occurs in response to specific biochemical signals from a wide range of regulatory systems. For instance, serum calcium concentration affects parathyroid hormone synthesis; blood sugar (serum glucose concentration) affects insulin synthesis; and because the outputs of the stomach and exocrine pancreas (the amounts of gastric juice and pancreatic juice) become the input of the small intestine, the small intestine secretes hormones to stimulate or inhibit the stomach and pancreas based on how busy it is. Regulation of hormone synthesis of gonadal hormones, adrenocortical hormones, and thyroid hormones is often dependent on complex sets of direct influence and feedback interactions involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), -gonadal (HPG), and -thyroid (HPT) axes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.552613258361816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hormone" }, { "answer": "Insulin", "passage": "Upon secretion, certain hormones, including protein hormones and catecholamines, are water-soluble and are thus readily transported through the circulatory system. Other hormones, including steroid and thyroid hormones, are lipid-soluble; to allow for their widespread distribution, these hormones must bond to carrier plasma glycoproteins (e.g., thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)) to form ligand-protein complexes. Some hormones are completely active when released into the bloodstream (as is the case for insulin and growth hormones), while others are prohormones that must be activated in specific cells through a series of activation steps that are commonly highly regulated. The endocrine system secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream typically into fenestrated capillaries, whereas the exocrine system secretes its hormones indirectly using ducts. Hormones with paracrine function diffuse through the interstitial spaces to nearby target tissue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.502843856811523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hormone" }, { "answer": "Insulin", "passage": "Hormone cells are typically of a specialized cell type, residing within a particular endocrine gland, such as the thyroid gland, ovaries, and testes. Hormones exit their cell of origin via exocytosis or another means of membrane transport. The hierarchical model is an oversimplification of the hormonal signaling process. Cellular recipients of a particular hormonal signal may be one of several cell types that reside within a number of different tissues, as is the case for insulin, which triggers a diverse range of systemic physiological effects. Different tissue types may also respond differently to the same hormonal signal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.097960472106934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hormone" }, { "answer": "Insulin", "passage": "* Peptides, polypeptides and proteins. – Small peptide hormones include TRH and vasopressin. Peptides composed of scores or hundreds of amino acids are referred to as proteins. Examples of protein hormones include insulin and growth hormone. More complex protein hormones bear carbohydrate side-chains and are called glycoprotein hormones. Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone are examples of glycoprotein hormones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.793384552001953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hormone" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Leg (anatomy)", "Leg", "Pretibia", "Non-human leg", "Leg muscle", "Legs" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "leg muscle", "leg anatomy", "pretibia", "legs", "leg", "non human leg" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "leg", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Leg" }

[ { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "Full suits of Gothic plate armour were worn on the battlefields of the Burgundian and Italian Wars. The most heavily armoured troops of the period were heavy cavalry such as the gendarmes and early cuirassiers, but the infantry troops of the Swiss mercenaries and the landsknechts also took to wearing lighter suits of \"three quarters\" munition armour, leaving the lower legs unprotected. ", "precise_score": -2.3469040393829346, "rough_score": -2.0223498344421387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Plate armour" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "Armour did not always cover all of the body; sometimes no more than a helmet and leg plates were worn. The rest of the body was generally protected by means of a large shield. Examples of armies equipping their troops in this fashion were the Aztecs (13th to 15th century CE). ", "precise_score": -2.0524704456329346, "rough_score": -1.753243088722229, "source": "wiki", "title": "Armour" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "A greave (from the Old French greve \"shin, shin armour\" from the Arabic jaurab, meaning stocking ) is a piece of armour that protects the leg.", "precise_score": 2.3178493976593018, "rough_score": -1.3617987632751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Greave" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "Partial plate armour, which protected the chest and the lower limbs, was used by the ancient Greeks (muscle cuirass) and Romans (lorica segmentata), but it fell into disuse after the collapse of the Roman Empire because of the cost and work involved in producing a piece of metal plate or cuirass. Parthian and Sassanian heavy cavalry units known as Clibanarii used cuirasses and small, overlapping plates in the manner of the manica for the protection of arms and legs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.970693588256836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Plate armour" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "File:Stechzeug of Maximilian I by Wendelin Boeheim.jpg| Stechzeug; note that the parts protecting the lower body and the legs were incorporated as part of the horse armour (not shown).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.588501930236816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Plate armour" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "The development of powerful rifled firearms made all but the finest and heaviest armour obsolete. The increasing power and availability of firearms and the nature of large, state-supported infantry led to more portions of plate armour being cast off in favour of cheaper, more mobile troops. Leg protection was the first part to go, replaced by tall leather boots. By the beginning of the 18th century, only field marshals, commanders and royalty remained in full armour on the battlefield, more as a sign of rank than for practical considerations. It remained fashionable for monarchs to be portrayed in armour during the first half of the 18th century (late Baroque period), but even this tradition became obsolete. Thus, a portrait of Frederick the Great in 1739 still shows him in armour, while a later painting showing him as a commander in the Seven Years' War (1760s) depicts him without armour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.111821174621582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Plate armour" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "Well-known armour types in European history include the lorica hamata, lorica squamata, and the lorica segmentata of the Roman legions, the mail hauberk of the early medieval age, and the full steel plate harness worn by later medieval and renaissance knights, and breast and back plates worn by heavy cavalry in several European countries until the first year of World War I (1914–15). The samurai warriors of feudal Japan utilised many types of armour for hundreds of years up to the 19th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.035495758056641, "source": "wiki", "title": "Armour" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "Gradually, small additional plates or discs of iron were added to the mail to protect vulnerable areas. Hardened leather and splinted construction were used for arm and leg pieces. The coat of plates was developed, an armour made of large plates sewn inside a textile or leather coat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.659610748291016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Armour" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "The primary purpose of greaves is to protect the tibia from attack. The tibia is a bone very close to the skin, and is therefore extremely vulnerable to just about any kind of attack. Furthermore, a successful attack on the shin results in that leg being rendered useless, greatly hampering one's ability to maneuver in any way. Greaves were used to counteract this. Greaves usually consisted of a metal exterior with an inner padding of felt. The felt padding was particularly important because, without it, any blow would transfer directly from the metal plating to the shin, rendering the piece of armour almost useless.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74181079864502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Greave" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "During Greek antiquity, greaves were mentioned in many texts, including Hesiod’s Shield of Heracles, Homer’s Iliad and Virgil’s Aeneid. In the Illiad, the Greek forces are commonly referred to as \"well-greaved Acheans\" (euknēmidas Achaious). While these are primarily mythological texts, they still dealt with warfare and the fact that greaves were mentioned is evidence that they were indeed in use. There are also non-fictional testimonies of their use among Roman light infantry (or hastati) from Polybius up to Vegetius. These greaves are thought to have been mass-produced by the Romans using presses on sheets of metal and then attaching lining, usually leather or cloth. While it is generally assumed that greaves were always worn in pairs, there is evidence that many wore just a single greave on the left or right leg. Many skeletons have been found buried with only a single greave, including gladiators and soldiers. People may have worn a single greave as a sign of status, as opposed to any practical use.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.751919746398926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Greave" }, { "answer": "Leg", "passage": "Greaves were common until around the ninth century, when they largely disappeared. There is not much evidence of their use until the second quarter of the thirteenth century. There were a few references to the use of greaves before then, most notably the Bible’s Goliath and the Trinity College Apocalypse, but the lack of other evidence suggests that they were uncommon at the time. Almost all greaves used at this time are known as “Demi-greaves”, or greaves that only protected the shin. Early in the fourteenth century, many illustrations were found showing “closed greaves”, or greaves that protected the entire leg. Closed greaves are made of two plates joined on the outside by hinges and fastening with buckles and straps on the inside.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.043634414672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Greave" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Soy Isoflavones", "Soya Bean", "Soy product", "Soy infant formula", "Soy beans", "Soy flour", "Soyabean nuggets", "Soy-based infant formula", "Soy products", "Cancer risk of soy products", "SBIF", "Soy controversy", "Soya flour", "Soya nuggets", "Soya beans", "Soy bean", "Glycine max", "Soybean-based infant formula", "Soybeans", "Soy isoflavones", "Soyabean", "Soya bean", "Soja bean", "Soybean", "Soy", "Soybeen" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "soybean based infant formula", "soyabean nuggets", "soy based infant formula", "soybeans", "soya flour", "soybean", "soy bean", "soy beans", "soy products", "soybeen", "soya nuggets", "cancer risk of soy products", "soya bean", "glycine max", "soy controversy", "soy", "soy flour", "sbif", "soja bean", "soy infant formula", "soy isoflavones", "soya beans", "soy product", "soyabean" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "soybean", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Soybean" }

[ { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "is a traditional Japanese seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans with salt and the fungus Aspergillus oryzae, known in Japanese as , and sometimes rice, barley, or other ingredients. The result is a thick paste used for sauces and spreads, pickling vegetables or meats, and mixing with dashi soup stock to serve as miso soup called , a Japanese culinary staple. High in protein and rich in vitamins and minerals, miso played an important nutritional role in feudal Japan. Miso is still widely used in Japan, both in traditional and modern cooking, and has been gaining worldwide interest.", "precise_score": -2.9839727878570557, "rough_score": -6.190618991851807, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "*This miso predecessor originated in China during the third century BC or earlier. Hishio and other fermented soy-based foods likely were introduced to Japan at the same time as Buddhism in the sixth century AD. This fermented food was called \"shi\".", "precise_score": -2.375396966934204, "rough_score": -5.1094279289245605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "In the Kamakura era (1192–1333), a common meal was made up of a bowl of rice, some dried fish, a serving of miso, and a fresh vegetable. Until the Muromachi era (1337 to 1573), miso was made without grinding the soybeans, somewhat like nattō. In the Muromachi era, Buddhist monks discovered that soybeans could be ground into a paste, spawning new cooking methods using miso to flavor other foods. In medieval times, the word temaemiso, meaning home-made miso, appeared. Miso production is a relatively simple process, so home-made versions spread throughout Japan. Miso was used as military provisions during the Sengoku era and making miso was an important economic activity for daimyos of that era.", "precise_score": -3.077327251434326, "rough_score": -4.573923587799072, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "The ingredients used to produce miso may include any mix of soybeans, barley, rice, buckwheat, millet, rye, wheat, hemp seed, and cycad, among others. Lately, producers in other countries have also begun selling miso made from chickpeas, corn, azuki beans, amaranth, and quinoa. Fermentation time ranges from as little as five days to several years. The wide variety of Japanese miso is difficult to classify, but is commonly done by grain type, color, taste, and background.", "precise_score": -0.10231913626194, "rough_score": -5.954773902893066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "*Kome miso (米味噌) or \"rice miso\" can be yellow, yellowish white, red, etc. Whitish miso is made from boiled soybeans, and reddish miso is made from steamed soybeans. Kome miso is consumed more in eastern Japan and the Hokuriku and Kinki areas.", "precise_score": -2.333122491836548, "rough_score": -4.362191677093506, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "*Mame miso (豆味噌) or \"soybean miso\" is a darker, more reddish brown than kome miso. This is not so sweet as some other varieties, but has some astringency and good umami(旨味). This miso requires a long maturing term. Mame miso is consumed mostly in Aichi prefecture, part of Gifu prefecture, and part of Mie prefecture. Soybean (grain-free) miso is also labeled hatcho miso. ", "precise_score": -3.825296401977539, "rough_score": -3.606984853744507, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "*Akamiso (赤味噌) or red miso is aged, sometimes for more than one year. Therefore, due to the Maillard reaction, the color changes gradually from white to red or black, thus giving it the name red miso. Characteristics of the flavor are saltiness and some astringency with umami. It is often a much stronger-tasting miso. Factors in the depth of color are the formula of the soybeans and the quantity used. Generally, steamed soybeans are more deeply colored than boiled soybeans.", "precise_score": -7.733071327209473, "rough_score": -4.850633144378662, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "*Shiromiso (白味噌) or white miso is the most widely produced miso, made in many regions of the country. Its main ingredients are rice, barley, and a small quantity of soybeans. If a greater quantity of soybeans were added, the miso would be red or brown. Compared with red miso, white miso has a very short fermentation time. The taste is sweet, and the umami is soft or light (compared to red miso).", "precise_score": -2.495450019836426, "rough_score": -3.3058972358703613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Miso's unique properties and flavour profile can be attributed to the compounds produced through the fermentation process. Miso, depending on the variety, consists a starter culture called Koji, soybeans, and usually a grain (either rice, barley, or rye). The miso goes through a two step process; first creating the koji, and second the koji is combined with the other components and the mixture is left to be enzymatic digested, fermented and aged.", "precise_score": -1.740146279335022, "rough_score": -5.274829864501953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Miso typically comes as a paste in a sealed container requiring refrigeration after opening. Natural miso is a living food containing many beneficial microorganisms such as Tetragenococcus halophilus which can be killed by overcooking. For this reason, the miso should be added to soups or other foods being prepared just before they are removed from the heat. Using miso without any cooking may be even better. Outside Japan, a popular practice is to only add miso to foods that have cooled to preserve kōjikin cultures in miso. Nonetheless, miso and soy foods play a large role in the Japanese diet, and many cooked miso dishes are popular.", "precise_score": -3.348574638366699, "rough_score": -1.8221279382705688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Soy miso is used to make a type of pickle called misozuke. These pickles are typically made from cucumber, daikon, hakusai (Chinese cabbage), or eggplant, and are sweeter and less salty than the standard Japanese salt pickle.", "precise_score": -4.06789493560791, "rough_score": -4.3826093673706055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Soft/silken tofu ( or , nèn dòufu or huá dòufu, in Chinese, lit. \"soft tofu\" or \"smooth tofu\"; , kinugoshi tōfu in Japanese, lit. \"silk-filtered tofu\"; , , sundubu in Korean, lit. \"pure tofu\") is undrained, unpressed tofu that contains the highest moisture content of all fresh tofus.. Silken tofu is produced by coagulating soy milk without curdling it. Silken tofu is available in several consistencies, including \"soft\" and \"firm\", but all silken tofu is more delicate than regular firm tofu (pressed tofu) and has different culinary uses. In Japan and Korea, traditional soft tofu is made with seawater. Silken tofu is a versatile, reliable substitute for dairy and eggs, especially for smoothies and baked desserts. ", "precise_score": -5.646867275238037, "rough_score": -4.930459022521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Some variation exists among soft tofus. Black douhua (, hēidòuhuā) is a type of silken tofu made from black soybeans, which is usually made into dòuhuā () rather than firm or dry tofu. The texture of black bean tofu is slightly more gelatinous than regular douhua and the color is greyish in tone. This type of tofu is eaten for the earthy \"black bean taste.\" Edamame tofu is a Japanese variety of kinugoshi tōfu made from edamame (fresh green soybeans); it is pale green in color and often studded with whole edamame.", "precise_score": -4.241153717041016, "rough_score": -6.349164009094238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "In some places in Japan, a very firm type of momen-dōfu is eaten, called ishi-dōfu (石豆腐; literally stone tofu) in parts of Ishikawa, or iwa-dōfu (岩豆腐; literally rock tofu) in Gokayama in the Toyama prefecture and in Iya in the prefecture of Tokushima. Due to their firmness, some of these types of tofu can be tied by rope and carried. These types of firm tofu are produced with seawater instead of nigari (magnesium chloride), or using concentrated soy milk. Some of them are squeezed of excess moisture using heavy weights. These products are produced in areas where travelling is inconvenient, such as remote islands, mountain villages, heavy snowfall areas, and so on.", "precise_score": -4.043758869171143, "rough_score": -4.511214256286621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "* Pickled tofu ( in Chinese, pinyin: dòufurǔ, lit. \"tofu dairy,\" or fŭrŭ; chao in Vietnamese): Also called \"preserved tofu\" or \"fermented tofu,\" this food consists of cubes of dried tofu that have been allowed to fully air-dry under hay and slowly ferment from aerial bacteria. The dry fermented tofu is then soaked in salt water, Chinese wine, vinegar, and minced chiles, or a unique mixture of whole rice, bean paste, and soybeans. In the case of red pickled tofu ( in Chinese, Pinyin: hóng dòufurǔ), red yeast rice (cultivated with Monascus purpureus) is added for color. And in Japan, pickled tofu with miso paste is called \"tofu no misodzuke,\" which is a traditional preserved food in Kumamoto. In Okinawa, there is a pickled and fermented tofu called \"tofuyo\"(豆腐餻). It is made from \"Shima-doufu\" (an Okinawan variety of large and firm tofu). It is fermented, and matured with koji mold, red koji mold, and awamori.", "precise_score": -1.7482659816741943, "rough_score": -2.1652517318725586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* Koya-dofu (kōya-dōfu, 高野豆腐 in Japanese): The name comes from Mount Koya, a center of Japanese Buddhism famed for its shōjin ryōri, or traditional Buddhist vegetarian cuisine. It is sold in freeze-dried blocks or cubes in Japanese markets. Since it is dried, it can be preserved for long term. It must be soaked in water before eating, and is typically simmered in dashi, sake or mirin and soy sauce. In shōjin ryōri, vegetarian kombu dashi, made from seaweed, is used. When prepared in the usual manner, it has a spongy texture and mild sweet and savory flavor (the taste and flavor depend on what soup or cooking stock it was simmered in). A similar form of freeze-dried tofu, in smaller pieces, is found in instant soups (such as miso soup), in which the toppings are freeze-dried and stored in sealed pouches.", "precise_score": -0.8996537327766418, "rough_score": 0.8219882845878601, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Tofu skin is produced through the boiling of soy milk, in an open shallow pan, thus producing a film or skin composed primarily of a soy protein-lipid complex on the liquid surface. The films are collected and dried into yellowish sheets known as soy milk skin (, fǔpí in Chinese; , yuba in Japanese). Its approximate composition is : 50–55% protein, 24–26% lipids (fat), 12% carbohydrate, 3% ash, and 9% moisture. ", "precise_score": -4.735018730163574, "rough_score": -5.580780982971191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": " (Japanese: , , tamagodōfu) (Chinese: , dàn dòufu; often called , rìbĕn dòufu, lit. \"Japan bean curd\") is the main type of savory flavored tofu. Whole beaten eggs are combined with dashi, poured into molds, and steamed in a steamer (cf. chawanmushi). The tofu has a pale golden color that can be attributed to the addition of egg and, occasionally, food coloring. This tofu has a fuller texture and flavor than silken tofu, which can be attributed to the presence of egg fat and protein. Plain \"dried tofu\" can be flavored by stewing in soysauce () to make soy-sauce tofu. It is quite common to see tofu sold in market in this soy-sauce stewed form.", "precise_score": -3.5187482833862305, "rough_score": -6.178493499755859, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "In Japan, cubes of lightly coated and fried tofu topped with a kombu dashi-based sauce are called agedashi-dofu (). Soft tofu that has been thinly sliced and deep fried, known as aburage in Japan and yubu () in Korea, is commonly blanched, seasoned with soy sauce and mirin and served in dishes such as kitsune udon. Aburage is sometimes also cut open to form a pocket and stuffed with sushi rice; this dish is called inarizushi () and is also popular in Korea, where it is called yubu chobap (). In Indonesia, tofu is called tahu, and the popular fried tofu is tahu goreng, tahu isi and tahu sumedang.", "precise_score": -4.832493782043457, "rough_score": -6.6029887199401855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Because it is made of soy, individuals with allergies, particularly those allergic to legumes, should not consume tofu.", "precise_score": -2.525996208190918, "rough_score": -2.9910922050476074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Shōyu is traditionally divided into five main categories depending on differences in their ingredients and method of production. Most, but not all Japanese soy sauces include wheat as a primary ingredient, which tends to give them a slightly sweeter taste than their Chinese counterparts. They also tend towards an alcoholic sherry-like flavor, sometimes enhanced by the addition of small amounts of alcohol as a natural preservative. The widely varying flavors of these soy sauces are not always interchangeable, some recipes only call for one type or the other, much as a white wine cannot replace a red's flavor or beef stock does not make the same results as fish stock.", "precise_score": -3.231078624725342, "rough_score": -3.565650463104248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* : Made mainly in the Chūbu region of Japan, tamari is darker in appearance and richer in flavor than koikuchi. It contains little or no wheat. Wheat-free tamari can be used by people with gluten intolerance. It is the \"original\" Japanese soy sauce, as its recipe is closest to the soy sauce originally introduced to Japan from China. Technically, this variety is known as miso-damari (), as this is the liquid that runs off miso as it matures. The Japanese word tamari is derived from the verb that signifies \"to accumulate\", referring to the fact that tamari was traditionally a liquid byproduct made during the fermentation of miso (type of seasoning). Japan is the leading producer of tamari.", "precise_score": -4.961090087890625, "rough_score": -4.857471942901611, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Soy sauce is also commonly known as shoyu, and less commonly shōyu, in Hawaii and Brazil.", "precise_score": -3.4114105701446533, "rough_score": -5.128833293914795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "In the Philippines, soy sauce is called toyò in the native languages, and is a broad term used for both the Japanese shōyu and Chinese jiàngyóu. Philippine soy sauce is usually a combination of soybeans, wheat, salt, and caramel color. It is thinner in texture and has a saltier taste than its Southeast Asian counterparts, similar to Japanese variety.", "precise_score": -6.567095756530762, "rough_score": -5.428333759307861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "A legume ( or) is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, lentils, lupins, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts, and tamarind.", "precise_score": -0.6494607329368591, "rough_score": -5.246267318725586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Legume" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "*Grain and fish misos had been manufactured in Japan since the Neolithic era (Jōmon period (14,000–300 BC)). These are called \"jōmon miso\" and are similar to the early fish and soy-based sauces produced throughout East Asia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.286246299743652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "*gokoku (五穀): \"five-grain\": soy, wheat, barley, proso millet, and foxtail millet", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.909326553344727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Many regions have their own specific variation on the miso standard. For example, the soybeans used in Sendai miso are much more coarsely mashed than in normal soy miso.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.869237899780273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "A. oryzae is an aerobic fungus and is the most active fermenting agents in Koji as it produces amylolytic, and proteolytic enzymes which are essential to creating the final miso product. Amyloytic enzymes such as amylase aid in the breakdown of starch in the grains to sugar and dextrin, while proteolytic enzymes such as protease catalyze the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids. These both aid in the enzymatic digestion of the mixture of rice and soybeans. Depending on the strain of A. oryzae, enzymatic composition varies thereby changing the characteristics of the final miso product. For example, the strain used to create the sweeter white miso would likely produce a higher content of amylolytic enzymes, while comparatively a soybean miso might have a higher content of proteolytic enzyme.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.455570697784424, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* sauces: sauces like misoyaki (a variant on teriyaki) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.216819763183594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miso" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food made by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks. It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines. There are many different varieties of tofu, including fresh tofu and tofu that has been processed in some way. Tofu is bought or made to be soft, firm, or extra firm. Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes. It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.752520561218262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Tofu making is first recorded in Han dynasty China some 2,000 years ago.[http://www.soya.be/history-of-tofu.php History of Tofu] Chinese legend ascribes its invention to prince Liu An (179122BC). Tofu and its production technique were introduced into Korea and then Japan during the Nara period (710794). Some scholars believe tofu arrived in Vietnam during the 10th and 11th century. It spread into other parts of Southeast Asia as well. This spread probably coincided with the spread of Buddhism because it is an important source of protein in the vegetarian diet of East Asian Buddhism. Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty described a method of making tofu in the Compendium of Materia Medica. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.503754615783691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy product", "passage": "The term tofu by extension can be used in similarly textured curdled dishes that do not use soy products at all, such as \"almond tofu\" (almond jelly), (egg), (sesame), or peanut tofu (Chinese luòhuāshēng dòufu and Okinawan ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.302971839904785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Tofu is made by coagulating soy milk and pressing the resulting curds. Although pre-made soy milk may be used, some tofu producers begin by making their own soy milk, which is produced by soaking, grinding, boiling and straining dried (or, less commonly, fresh) soybeans. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.083806991577148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Coagulation of the protein and oil (emulsion) suspended in the boiled soy milk is the most important step in the production of tofu. This process is accomplished with the aid of coagulants. Two types of coagulants (salts and acids) are used commercially., [http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0532e/t0532e10.htm#9.5 section 9.5]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.051188468933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* Chloride-type Nigari salts or Lushui ( Traditional: 鹵水, 滷水; Simplified: 卤水, lǔshuǐ) - Magnesium chloride and calcium chloride: Both of these salts have a high solubility in water and affect soy protein in the same way, whereas gypsum is only very slightly soluble in water and acts differently in soy protein precipitation, the basis for tofu formation. These are the coagulants used to make tofu with a smooth and tender texture. In Japan, a white powder called nigari, which consists primarily of magnesium chloride, is produced from seawater after the sodium chloride is removed and the water evaporated. Depending on its production method, nigari/Lushui may also contain small quantities of magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt), potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and trace amounts of other naturally occurring salts. Although the term nigari is derived from nigai, the Japanese word for \"bitter,\" neither nigari nor pure magnesium chloride imparts a perceivable taste to the finished tofu. Calcium chloride is a common coagulant for tofu in North America.. Fresh clean sea water itself can also be used as a coagulant. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.722629070281982, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* Other edible acids: Though they can affect the taste of the tofu more, and vary in efficacy and texture, acids such as acetic acid (vinegar) and citric acid (such as lemon juice), can also be used to coagulate soy milk and produce tofu. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.189956665039062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* Among enzymes that have been shown to produce tofu are papain, and alkaline and neutral proteases from microorganisms. In the case of papain, the enzyme to substrate ratio, by weight, was held constant at 1:400. An aliquot of 1% crude papain was added to \"uncooked\" soy milk at room temperature and heated to 90 –. Papain, moreover, has been studied as a gelling agent to produce \"instant tofu\" from soy protein isolate and soy glycinin (11S) protein. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.836237907409668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Contemporary tofu manufacturers may choose to use one or more of these coagulants, since they each play a role in producing a desired texture in the finished tofu. Different textures result from different pore sizes and other microscopic features in tofu produced using each coagulant. The coagulant mixture is dissolved into water, and the solution is then stirred into boiled soy milk until the mixture curdles into a soft gel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.73513412475586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "The curds are processed differently depending on the form of tofu that is being manufactured. For soft silken tofu (; nèn dòufu) or tofu flower (, dòuhuā) the soy milk is curdled directly in the tofu's selling package. For standard firm Asian tofu, the soy curd is cut and strained of excess liquid using cheese cloth or muslin and then lightly pressed to produce a soft cake. Firmer tofus, such as Asian dry tofu () or Western types of tofu, are further pressed to remove even more liquid. In Vietnam, the curd is strained and molded in a square mold and the end product is called đậu khuôn (molded bean) or đậu phụ (one of the Vietnamese ways to pronounce the Chinese dòufu). The tofu curds are allowed to cool and become firm. The finished tofu can then be cut into pieces, flavored or further processed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7648444175720215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "There is a wide variety of tofu available in both Western and Eastern markets. Despite the large variety, tofu products can be split into two main categories: fresh tofu, which is produced directly from soy milk, and processed tofu, which is produced from fresh tofu. Tofu production also creates important side products which are often used in various cuisines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.828657627105713, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Douhua (, dòuhuā or , dòufuhuā in Chinese), or tofu brain ( or , dòufunaǒ in Chinese) is often eaten as a dessert, but sometimes salty pickles or hot sauce are added instead. This is a type of soft tofu with an even higher moisture content. Because it is very difficult to pick up with chopsticks, it is generally eaten with a spoon. With the addition of flavorings such as finely chopped spring onions, dried shrimp, soy sauce, chilli sauce, douhua is a popular breakfast dish across China. In Malaysia, douhua is usually served warm with white or dark (palm) sugar syrup, or served cold with longans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.224641799926758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Firm tofu (called lǎo dòufu in Chinese; , momen-dōfu in Japanese, lit. \"cotton tofu\"; , dandanhan dubu in Korean): Although drained and pressed, this form of fresh tofu still contains a great amount of moisture. It has the firmness of raw meat but bounces back readily when pressed. The texture of the inside of the tofu is similar to that of a firm custard. The skin of this form of tofu has the pattern of the muslin used to drain it and is slightly more resilient to damage than its inside. It can be picked up easily with chopsticks., Volume IV, The History of Traditional Non-Fermented Soyfoods, Chapter 36: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.680980205535889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Many forms of processed tofu exist, due to the varied ways in which fresh tofu can be used. Some of these techniques probably originate from the need to preserve tofu before the days of refrigeration, or to increase its shelf life and longevity. Other production techniques are employed to create tofus with unique textures and flavors.. Volume V, The History of Traditional Fermented Soyfoods, Chapter 44: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.133125305175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* Stinky tofu ( in Chinese, Pinyin: chòudòufu): A soft tofu that has been fermented in a unique vegetable and fish brine. The blocks of tofu smell strongly of certain pungent cheeses, or actually rotten foods. Despite its strong odor, the flavor and texture of stinky tofu is appreciated by aficionados, who describe it as delightful. The texture of this tofu is similar to the soft Asian tofu from which it is made. The rind that stinky tofu develops from frying is said to be especially crisp, and is usually served with soy sauce, sweet sauce, or hot sauce. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.203970432281494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Tofu production creates some edible byproducts. Food products are made from the protein-oil film, or \"skin,\" which forms over the surface of boiling soy milk in an open shallow pan. The leftover solids from pressing soy milk are called okara.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.182615280151367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Some factories dedicate production to tofu skin and other soy membrane products.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74895191192627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Okara (from the Japanese, , okara; known as , xuěhuācài, in Chinese, lit. \"snowflake vegetable\"; , dòufuzhā, also Chinese, lit. \"tofu sediment/residue\"; and , kongbiji, in Korean), is a tofu by-product, sometimes known in the west as \"soy pulp\" or \"tofu lees\", consisting of the fiber, protein, and starch left over when soy milk has been extracted from ground soaked soybeans. Although it is mainly used as animal feed in most tofu producing cultures, it is sometimes used in Japanese and Korean cuisines, such as in the Korean stew kongbiji jjigae (). It is also an ingredient for vegetarian burgers produced in many western nations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.697746276855469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy product", "passage": "The \"almond tofu\" (Chinese: xìngrén dòufu; Japanese: annindōfu) is a milky white and gelatinous resembling tofu, but does not use soy products or soy milk and is hardened with agar. A similar dessert made with coconut milk or mango juices might occasionally be referred to as \"coconut tofu\" or \"mango tofu\", though such names are also given to hot dishes that use soy tofu and coconut or mango in the recipe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.156907081604004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Tofu has very little flavor or smell on its own. Consequently, tofu can be prepared either in savory or sweet dishes, acting as a bland background for presenting the flavors of the other ingredients used. As a method of flavoring it is often marinated in soy sauce, chilis, sesame oil, etc.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.555219650268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "In Japan, a common lunch in the summer months is hiyayakko (), silken or firm Asian tofu served with freshly grated ginger, green onions, or katsuobushi shavings with soy sauce. In the winter, tofu is frequently eaten as \"yudofu,\" which is simmered in a claypot with some vegetables (ex:chinese cabbage, green onion etc.) using konbu dashi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.88435697555542, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "And also, in many parts of China, fresh tofu is similarly eaten with soy sauce or further flavored with katsuobushi shavings, century eggs ( pídàn), and sesame seed oil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.966090202331543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "In Korean cuisine, dubu gui () consists of pan fried cubes of firm tofu, seasoned with soy sauce, garlic, and other ingredients. Cubes of cold, uncooked firm tofu seasoned with soy sauce, scallions, and ginger, prepared in a manner similar to the Japanese hiyayakko, are also enjoyed. The popular bar food, or anju (), called dubu kimchi (), features boiled, firm tofu served in rectangular slices around the edges of a plate with pan fried, sautéed or freshly mixed kimchi () in the middle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.616270065307617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "A common cooking technique in many parts of East and Southeast Asia involves deep frying tofu in vegetable oil, sunflower oil, or canola oil with varied results. In Indonesia, it is usually fried in palm oil. Although tofu is often sold preprocessed into fried items, pre-fried tofu is seldom eaten directly and requires additional cooking. Depending on the type of tofu used, the texture of deep fried tofu may range from crispy on the outside and custardy on the inside, to puffed up like a plain doughnut. The former is usually eaten plain in Chinese cuisine with garlic soy sauce, while the latter is either stuffed with fish paste to make Yong Tau Foo or cooked in soups. In Taiwan, fried tofu is made into a dish called \"A-gei\", which consists of a fried aburage tofu package stuffed with noodles and capped with surimi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.078015327453613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Dried tofu is usually not eaten raw but first stewed in a mixture of soy sauce and spices. Some types of dried tofu are pre-seasoned with special blends of spices, so that the tofu may either be called \"five spice tofu\" ( wǔxiāng dòufu) or \"soy sauce stewed tofu\" ( lǔshuǐ dòufu). Dried tofu is typically served thinly sliced with chopped green onions or with slices of meat for added flavor. Most dried tofu is sold after it has been fried or pre-stewed by tofu vendors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.818279266357422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Tofu and soy protein can be industrially processed to match the textures and flavors to the likes of cheese, pudding, eggs, bacon, etc. Tofu's texture can also be altered by freezing, pureeing, and cooking. In the Americas, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, tofu is frequently associated with vegetarianism and veganism as it is a source of non-animal protein.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.803568840026855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Another theory states that the production method for tofu was discovered accidentally when a slurry of boiled, ground soybeans was mixed with impure sea salt. Such sea salt would probably have contained calcium and magnesium salts, allowing the soy mixture to curdle and produce a tofu-like gel. Korean sundubu (soft tofu) and Okinawan tofu is still produced in a similar manner, traditionally using seawater as a coagulant. This may have possibly been the way that tofu was discovered, since soy milk has been eaten as a savory soup in ancient as well as modern times. Its technical plausibility notwithstanding, there is little evidence to prove or disprove that tofu production originated in this way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.474841117858887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "The last group of theories maintains that the ancient Chinese learned the method for the curdling of soy milk by emulating the milk curdling techniques of the Mongolians or East Indians. For, despite their advancement, no technology or knowledge of culturing and processing milk products existed within ancient Chinese society. (They did not seek such technology, probably because of the Confucian taboo on fermented dairy products and other so-called \"barbarian foodstuffs\".) The primary evidence for this theory lies with the etymological similarity between the Chinese term for Mongolian fermented milk (rufu, which literally means \"milk curdled\") and the term doufu (\"beans curdled\") or tofu. Although intriguing and possible, there is no evidence to substantiate this theory beyond the point of academic speculation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.381332397460938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "The theory that tofu-making is shown in a mural incised on a stone slab in Han Tomb No. 1, at Da-hu-ting, Mixian, Henan province attracted much attention after about 1990. Yet it's too debatable because (1) no step of cooking the soy puree is shown in the mural, and (2) when Chinese food historians tried to make tofu without cooking the puree, the result was a tiny amount of unpalatable material. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.390755653381348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Benjamin Franklin was the first American to mention tofu in a 1770 letter to John Bartram. Franklin, who discovered it during a trip to London, included a few soybeans and referred to it as \"cheese\" from China. The first tofu company in the United States was established in 1878. In 1908 Li Yuying, a Chinese anarchist and a vegetarian with a French degree in agriculture and biology, opened a soy factory, the Usine de la Caséo-Sojaïne, which was the world's first soy dairy and the first factory in France to manufacture and sell beancurd. However tofu was not well known to most Westerners before the middle of the 20th century. With increased cultural contact between the West and East Asia and growing interest in vegetarianism, knowledge of tofu has become widespread. Numerous types of pre-flavored tofu can be found in many supermarket chains throughout the West. It is also used by many vegans and vegetarians as a means to gain protein without the consumption of meat products.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3968305587768555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "In 1995, a report from the University of Kentucky, financed by Solae, concluded that soy protein is correlated with significant decreases in serum cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein LDL (″bad cholesterol″) and triglyceride concentrations. However, High Density Lipoprotein HDL (″good cholesterol″) did not increase. Soy phytoestrogens (isoflavones: genistein and daidzein) absorbed onto the soy protein were suggested as the agent reducing serum cholesterol levels. On the basis of this research, PTI, in 1998, filed a petition with Food and Drug Administration for a health claim that soy protein may reduce cholesterol and the risk of heart disease.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.797150611877441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "The FDA granted this health claim for soy: \"25 grams of soy protein a day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease.\" For reference, 100 grams of firm tofu coagulated with calcium sulfate contains 8.19 grams of soy protein. In January 2006, an American Heart Association review (in the journal Circulation) of a decade-long study of soy protein benefits showed only a minimal decrease in cholesterol levels, but it compared favorably against animal protein sources. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.768843650817871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tofu" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Soy sauce (also called soya sauce) is a condiment made from a fermented paste of boiled soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds. It originated in China in the 2nd century AD and spread throughout East and Southeast Asia where it is used in cooking and as a condiment. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.294443130493164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Soy sauce originated in China sometime between the 3rd and 5th century from a meat-based fermented sauce named jiang (). Its use later spread to East and Southeast Asia. Like many salty condiments, soy sauce was originally a way to salt, historically an expensive commodity. In ancient China, fermented fish with salt was used as a condiment in which soybeans were included during the fermentation process. Eventually, this was replaced and the recipe for soy sauce, (), using soybeans as the principal ingredient, with fermented fish-based sauces developing separately into fish sauce. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.497332572937012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Records of the Dutch East India Company list soy sauce as a commodity in 1737, when seventy-five large barrels were shipped from Dejima, Japan, to Batavia (present-day Jakarta) on the island of Java. Thirty-five barrels from that shipment were then shipped to the Netherlands. In the 18th century, diplomat and scholar Isaac Titsingh published accounts of brewing soy sauce. Although earlier descriptions of soy sauce had been disseminated in the West, his was among the earliest to focus specifically on the brewing of the Japanese version. By the mid-19th century, Japanese soy sauce gradually disappeared from the European market, and the condiment became synonymous with the Chinese product. Europeans were unable to make soy sauce because they did not understand the function of Aspergillus oryzae, the fungus used in its brewing.Tanaka, p. 7. Soy sauce made from ingredients such as Portobello mushrooms were disseminated in European cookbooks during the late 18th century. A Swedish recipe for \"Soija\" was published in the 1770 edition of Cajsa Warg's Hjelpreda i Hushållningen för Unga Fruentimber and was flavored with allspice and mace. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.955558776855469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "The 19th century Sinologist Samuel Wells Williams wrote that in China, the best soy sauce is \"made by boiling beans soft, adding an equal quantity of wheat or barley, and leaving the mass to ferment; a portion of salt and three times as much water are afterwards put in, and the whole compound left for two or three months when the liquid is pressed and strained\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.035693168640137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Soy sauce is made either by fermentation or by hydrolysis. Some commercial sauces have both fermented and chemical sauces.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4097318649292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Variation is usually achieved as the result of different methods and durations of fermentation, different ratios of water, salt, and fermented soy, or through the addition of other ingredients.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398130416870117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Traditional soy sauces are made by mixing soybeans and grain with mold cultures such as Aspergillus oryzae and other related microorganisms and yeasts (the resulting mixture is called \"koji\" in Japan; the term \"koji\" is used both for the mixture of soybeans, wheat, and mold as well as for the mold itself). Historically, the mixture was fermented naturally in large urns and under the sun, which was believed to contribute extra flavors. Today, the mixture is placed in a temperature and humidity controlled incubation chamber. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.273150444030762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Traditional soy sauces take months to make:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.523066520690918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "#Soaking and cooking: The soybeans are soaked in water and boiled until cooked. Wheat is roasted, crushed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.325738906860352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "#Koji culturing: An equal amount of boiled soybeans and roasted wheat are mixed to form a grain mixture. A culture of Aspergillus spore is added to the grain mixture and mixed or the mixture is allowed to gather spores from the environment itself. The cultures include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.005041122436523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "#* Aspergillus: a genus of fungus that is used for fermenting various ingredients (the cultures are called koji in Japanese). Three species are used for brewing soy sauce:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.060446739196777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "#** A. oryzae: Strains with high proteolytic capacity are used for brewing soy sauce. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393903732299805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "#** A. tamari: This fungus is used for brewing tamari, a variety of soy sauce.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.406098365783691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "#** Bacillus spp. (genus): This organism is likely to grow soy sauce ingredients, bring to generate odors and ammonia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.240674018859863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "#Brewing: The cultured grain mixture is mixed into a specific amount of salt brine for wet fermentation or with coarse salt for dry fermentation and left to brew. Over time, the Aspergillus mold on the soy and wheat break down the grain proteins into free amino acid and protein fragments and starches into simple sugars. This amino-glycosidic reaction gives soy sauce its dark brown color. Lactic acid bacteria ferments the sugars into lactic acid and yeast makes ethanol, which through aging and secondary fermentation makes numerous flavor compounds typical of soy sauce.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.934897422790527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "#Pressing: The fully fermented grain slurry is placed into cloth-lined containers and pressed to separate the solids from the liquid soy sauce. The isolated solids are used as fertilizer or fed to animals while the liquid soy sauce is processed further.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13343334197998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "#Pasteurization: The raw soy sauce is heated to eliminate any active yeasts and molds remaining in the soy sauce and can be filtered to remove any fine particulates", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494470596313477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "#Storage: The soy sauce can be aged or directly bottled and sold.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530645370483398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Some brands of soy sauce are made from acid-hydrolyzed soy protein instead of brewed with a traditional culture. This takes about three days. Although they have a different flavor, aroma, and texture when compared to brewed soy sauces, they have a longer shelf life and are usually made for this reason. The clear plastic packets of dark sauce common with Chinese-style take-out food typically use a hydrolyzed vegetable protein formula. Some higher-quality hydrolyzed vegetable protein products with no added salt, sugar or colorings are sold as low-sodium soy sauce alternatives called \"liquid aminos\" in health food stores, similar to the way salt substitutes are used. These products are, however, not necessarily low in sodium.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.103963851928711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Soy sauce is widely used as an important flavoring and has been integrated into the traditional cuisines of many East Asian and Southeast Asian cultures. Despite their rather similar appearance, soy sauces made in different cultures and regions are different in taste, consistency, fragrance and saltiness. Soy sauce retains its quality longer when kept away from direct sunlight .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.097916603088379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Chinese soy sauces (Mandarin Chinese: jiàng yóu/Cantonese: jeong yau () or chǐ yóu/si yau ()) are primarily made from soybeans, with relatively low amounts of other grains. Chinese soy sauce can be roughly split into two classes: brewed or blended.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.934259414672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Most Chinese food take-out soy sauce (also called soya sauce) in the United States is not really soy sauce; it is not fermented, but is a combination of ingredients, depending on the manufacturer, including corn syrup, water, salt, caramel color, vegetable protein, and sodium benzoate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025623321533203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Soy sauce that has been brewed directly from a fermentation process using wheat, soybeans, salt, and water without additional additives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.282949447631836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "*Light or fresh soy sauce ( shēng chōu or jiàng qīng): is a thin (low viscosity), opaque, lighter brown soy sauce, brewed by first culturing steamed wheat and soybeans with Aspergillus, and then letting the mixture ferment in brine. It is the main soy sauce used for seasoning, since it is saltier, has less noticeable color, and also adds a distinct flavor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.5090913772583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "**Tóu chōu (): A light soy sauce made from the first pressing of the soybeans, this can be loosely translated as \"first soy sauce\" or referred to as premium light soy sauce. Tóu chōu is sold at a premium because, like extra virgin olive oil, the flavor of the first pressing is considered superior. Due to its delicate flavor it is used primarily for seasoning light dishes and for dipping.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.439190864562988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "**Shuāng huáng (): A light soy sauce that is double-fermented by using the light soy sauce from another batch to take the place of brine for a second brewing. This adds further complexity to the flavor of the light soy sauce. Due to its complex flavor this soy sauce is used primarily for dipping.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.028470993041992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "*Yìn yóu (): A darker soy sauce brewed primarily in Taiwan by culturing only steamed soybeans with Aspergillus and mixing the cultured soybeans with coarse rock salt before undergoing prolonged dry fermentation. The flavor of this soy sauce is complex and rich and is used for dipping or in red cooking. For the former use, yìn yóu can be thickened with starch to make a thick soy sauce.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.64822006225586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Additives with sweet or umami (savory) tastes are sometimes added to a finished brewed soy sauce to modify its taste and texture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.340156555175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "*Dark and old soy sauce ( lǎo chōu), a darker and slightly thicker soy sauce made from light soy sauce. This soy sauce is made through prolonged aging and may contain added caramel color and/or molasses to give it its distinctive appearance. This variety is mainly used during cooking, since its flavor develops during heating. It has a richer, slightly sweeter, and less salty flavor than light soy sauce. Dark soy sauce is partly used to add color and flavor to a dish after cooking, but, as stated above, is more often used during the cooking process, rather than after.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.993419647216797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "**Mushroom dark soy ( cǎogū lǎochōu): In the finishing and aging process of making dark soy sauce, the broth of Volvariella volvacea is mixed into the soy sauce and is then exposed to the sun to make this type of dark soy. The added broth gives this soy sauce a richer flavor than plain dark soy sauce. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.015602111816406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "**Thick soy sauce ( jiàng yóu gāo), is a dark soy sauce that has been thickened with starch and sugar and occasionally flavored with certain spices and MSG. This sauce is often used as a dipping sauce or finishing sauce and poured on food as a flavorful addition. However, due to its sweetness and caramelized flavors from its production process the sauce is also used in red cooking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.089096069335938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "*Shrimp soy sauce ( Xiā zǐ jiàngyóu): Fresh soy sauce is simmered with fresh shrimp and finished with sugar, baijiu (type of distilled liquor, 白酒), and spices. A specialty of Suzhou.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.005934715270996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Buddhist monks from China introduced soy sauce into Japan in the 7th century, where it is known as . ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.706682205200195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Some soy sauces made in the Japanese way or styled after them contain about 50% wheat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377737045288086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "* : Originating in the Kantō region, its usage eventually spread all over Japan. Over 80% of the Japanese domestic soy sauce production is of koikuchi, and can be considered the typical Japanese soy sauce. It is made from roughly equal quantities of soybean and wheat. This variety is also called kijōyu () or namashōyu () when it is not pasteurized.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.177960395812988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "* : In contrast to tamari soy sauce, shiro soy sauce uses mostly wheat and very little soybean, lending it a light appearance and sweet taste. It is more commonly used in the Kansai region to highlight the appearances of food, for example sashimi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.916084289550781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* : This variety substitutes previously made koikuchi for the brine normally used in the process. Consequently, it is much darker and more strongly flavored. This type is also known as kanro shōyu () or \"sweet soy sauce\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.975926876068115, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Newer varieties of Japanese soy sauce include: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.118805885314941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* : This version contains 50% less salt than regular soy sauce for consumers concerned about heart disease.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49637222290039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "* : This version contains 20% less salt than regular soy sauce.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45938491821289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "In Indonesia, soy sauce is known as kecap (old spelling: ketjap), which is a catch-all term for fermented sauces, and cognate to the English word \"ketchup\". The most popular type of soy sauce in Indonesian cuisine is kecap manis or sweet soy sauce. The term kecap is also used to describe other non soy-based sauces, such as kecap ikan (fish sauce) and kecap inggris (literally \"English kecap\",worcestershire sauce). Three common varieties of soy-based kecap exist in Indonesian cuisine, used either as ingredients or condiments:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.401002883911133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "*Kecap manis : Sweetened soy sauce, which has a thick syrupy consistency and a unique, pronounced, sweet somewhat treacle-like flavor due to generous addition of palm sugar. Regular soy with brown sugar and a trace of molasses added can substitute. It is by far, the most popular type of soy sauce employed in Indonesian cuisine, accounts for an estimated 90 percent of the nation's total soy sauce production. Kecap manis is an important sauce in Indonesian signature dishes, such as nasi goreng, mie goreng, satay, tongseng and semur. Sambal kecap for example is type of sambal dipping sauce of kecap manis with sliced chili, tomato and shallot, a popular dipping sauce for sate kambing (goat meat satay) and ikan bakar (grilled fish/seafood). Since soy sauce is of Chinese origin, kecap asin is also an important seasoning in Chinese Indonesian cuisine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.54284954071045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "*Kecap manis sedang : Medium sweet soy sauce, which has a less thick consistency, is less sweet and has a saltier taste than kecap manis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476664543151855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "*Kecap asin : Salty soy sauce, which is very similar to regular soy sauce, but usually somewhat thicker and has a stronger flavor; it can be replaced by light Chinese soy sauce in some recipes. Salty soy sauce was first introduced into Indonesia by Hokkien people so its taste resembles that of Chinese soy sauce. Hakka soy sauce made from black beans is very salty and large productions are mainly made in Bangka Belitung Islands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.888712882995605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "Korean soy sauce, (called Joseon ganjang, 조선간장, in Korean) is a byproduct of the production of doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste), so Bacillus subtilis is used for fermentation. It is mainly used in making soups, seasoning, and dip sauce. Joseon ganjang, thin and dark brown in color, is made entirely of soy and brine, and has a saltiness that varies according to the maker. Wide scale use of Joseon ganjang has been somewhat superseded by cheaper factory-made Japanese style soy sauce, called waeganjang (hangul: 왜간장/倭간醬). According to the 2001 national food consumption survey in Korea, traditional fermented ganjang comprised only 1.4% of soy sauce purchases. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.465511322021484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Burmese soy sauce production is dated back to the Bagan era in the 9th and 10th century. Scripts written in praise of pe ngan byar yay (, literally \"bean fish sauce\") were found. Production increased during the Konbaung dynasty, circa 1700, when there was bolstered migration of ethnic groups from the north to boost and modify the production of silk in Amarapura. Thick soy sauce is called kya nyo (, from Chinese jiàngyóu.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31564712524414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Toyò is used as a marinade, an ingredient in cooked dishes, and most often as a table condiment, usually alongside other sauces such as fish sauce (patís) and sugar cane vinegar (sukà). It is often mixed and served with the juice of the calamansi (× Citrofortunella microcarpa; also called calamondin, limonsito). The combination is known as toyomansî, which can be comparable to the Japanese ponzu sauce (soy sauce with yuzu). Toyò is also a main ingredient in Philippine adobo, one of the more famous dishes of Filipino cuisine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.315973281860352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Soy sauce is a very popular condiment and marinade for many dishes in the Hawaiian cuisine. Aloha shoyu is soy sauce made in the Islands. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.371582508087158, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Malays from Malaysia, using the Malay dialect similar to Indonesian, use the word kicap for soy sauce. Kicap is traditionally of two types: kicap lemak (lit \"fat/rich soy sauce\") and kicap cair. Kicap lemak is similar to Indonesian kecap manis but with very much less sugar while kicap cair is the Malaysian equivalent of kecap asin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.039523124694824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "The history of soy sauce making in Taiwan can be traced back to southeastern China, in the provinces of Fujian and Guangdong. Taiwanese soy sauce is known for its black bean variant, known as black bean soy sauce (黑豆蔭油), which takes longer to make (about 6 months). Most major soy sauce makers in Taiwan make soy sauce from soybeans and wheat. Some make black bean soy sauce. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.776870727539062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy bean", "passage": "In Vietnam, Chinese-style soy sauce is called xì dầu (derived from the Cantonese name 豉油) or nước tương. The term \"soy sauce\" could also imply other condiments and soy bean paste with thick consistency known as tương. Both are used mostly as a seasoning or dipping sauce for a number of dishes. Vietnamese cuisine itself favors fish sauce in cooking but nước tương has a clear presence in vegetarian cooking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.697478294372559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "A study by the National University of Singapore showed that Chinese dark soy sauce contains 10 times the antioxidants of red wine, and can help prevent cardiovascular diseases. Soy sauce is rich in lactic acid bacteria and of excellent anti-allergic potential. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.222174644470215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy product", "passage": "Soy sauce does not contain the level of isoflavones associated with other soy products such as tofu or edamame. It can also be very salty, having a salt content of between 14–18%. Low-sodium soy sauces are made, but it is difficult to make soy sauce without using some quantity of salt as an antimicrobial agent. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.613688468933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "100ml of soy sauce contains the following nutritional information according to the USDA:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509322166442871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Soy sauce may contain ethyl carbamate, a Group 2A carcinogen. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371856689453125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "In 2001 the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency found in testing various soy sauces manufactured in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Thailand (made from hydrolyzed soy protein, rather than being naturally fermented) that 22% of tested samples, contained a chemical carcinogen named 3-MCPD (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol) at levels considerably higher than those deemed safe by the EU. About two-thirds of these samples also contained a second carcinogenic chemical named 1,3-DCP (1,3-dichloropropane-2-ol) which experts advise should not be present at any levels in food. Both chemicals have the potential to cause cancer and the Agency recommended that the affected products be withdrawn from shelves and avoided. 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP. The same carcinogens were found in soy sauces manufactured in Vietnam, causing a food scare in 2007. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.623111724853516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "In Canada, the Canadian Cancer Society writes, \"Health Canada has concluded that there is no health risk to Canadians from use of available soy and oyster sauces. Because continuous lifetime exposure to high levels of 3-MCPD could pose a health risk, Health Canada has established 1.0 part per million (ppm) as a guideline for importers of these sauces, in order to reduce Canadians' long-term exposure to this chemical. This is considered to be a very safe level.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.262590408325195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soy", "passage": "Most varieties of soy sauce contain wheat, to which some people have a medical intolerance. However, some naturally brewed soy sauces made with wheat may be tolerated by people with a specific intolerance to gluten because gluten is not detectable in the finished product. Japanese tamari soy sauce is traditionally wheat-free, and some tamari available commercially today is wheat- and gluten-free.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.973435401916504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soy sauce" }, { "answer": "Soybean", "passage": "The term \"pulse\", as used by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), is reserved for crops harvested solely for the dry seed. This excludes green beans and green peas, which are considered vegetable crops. Also excluded are seeds that are mainly grown for oil extraction (oilseeds like soybeans and peanuts), and seeds which are used exclusively for sowing forage (clovers, alfalfa). However, in common usage, these distinctions are not always clearly made, and many of the varieties used for dried pulses are also used for green vegetables, with their beans in pods while young.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.471580505371094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Legume" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Foot fracture", "Human feet", "Foot muscles", "Pedis", "Dorsum of foot", "Joints of foot", "Plates of meat", "Muscles of the Feet", "Foot dorsum", "Foot", "Joints of the foot", "Articulatio pedis", "Broken foot", "Foot (anatomy)", "Articulationes pedis", "The Feet", "Foot type", "Insteps", "Articulations of foot", "Human foot", "Foot sweat", "Instep", "Feet", "Foot deformities", "Foot taboo", "Foot fractures" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "foot sweat", "foot fracture", "human feet", "foot fractures", "human foot", "foot type", "foot dorsum", "joints of foot", "foot deformities", "instep", "articulationes pedis", "foot", "articulatio pedis", "insteps", "dorsum of foot", "pedis", "muscles of feet", "feet", "articulations of foot", "foot muscles", "plates of meat", "foot taboo", "broken foot", "foot anatomy" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "feet", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "The Feet" }

[ { "answer": "Foot", "passage": "There is no consensus among reflexologists on how reflexology is supposed to work; a unifying theme is the idea that areas on the foot correspond to areas of the body, and that by manipulating these one can improve health through one's qi. Reflexologists divide the body into ten equal vertical zones, five on the right and five on the left.", "precise_score": 3.3381049633026123, "rough_score": 2.7084269523620605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reflexology" }, { "answer": "Foot", "passage": "\"Reflexology is gentle manipulation or pressing on certain parts of the foot to produce an effect elsewhere in the body.\" ", "precise_score": 2.6549620628356934, "rough_score": 0.047801319509744644, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reflexology" }, { "answer": "The Feet", "passage": "Reflexology is an alternative medicine involving application of pressure to the feet and hands with specific thumb, finger, and hand techniques without the use of oil or lotion. It is based on a system of zones and reflex areas that purportedly reflect an image of the body on the feet and hands, with the premise that such work effects a physical change to the body. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.429973840713501, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reflexology" }, { "answer": "The Feet", "passage": "Reflexologists posit that the blockage of an energy field, invisible life force, or Qi, can prevent healing. Another tenet of reflexology is the belief that practitioners can relieve stress and pain in other parts of the body through the manipulation of the feet. One claimed explanation is that the pressure received in the feet may send signals that 'balance' the nervous system or release chemicals such as endorphins that reduce stress and pain. These hypotheses are rejected by the medical community, who cite a lack of scientific evidence and the well-tested germ theory of disease.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.943327784538269, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reflexology" }, { "answer": "Feet", "passage": "In Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial, Simon Singh states that if indeed the hands and feet \"reflect\" the internal organs, reflexology might be expected to explain how such \"reflection\" was derived from the process of Darwinian natural selection; but Singh says that no argument or evidence has been adduced. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.570698738098145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reflexology" }, { "answer": "The Feet", "passage": "Practices resembling reflexology may have existed in previous historical periods. Similar practices have been documented in the histories of China and Egypt. Reflexology was introduced to the United States in 1913 by William H. Fitzgerald, M.D. (1872–1942), an ear, nose, and throat specialist, and Edwin F. Bowers. Fitzgerald claimed that applying pressure had an anesthetic effect on other areas of the body. It was modified in the 1930s and 1940s by Eunice D. Ingham (1889–1974), a nurse and physiotherapist. Ingham claimed that the feet and hands were especially sensitive, and mapped the entire body into \"reflexes\" on the feet renaming \"zone therapy\" to reflexology. \"Modern reflexologists use Ingham's methods, or similar techniques developed by the reflexologist Laura Norman.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.465855360031128, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reflexology" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The Watchtower Announcing Jehovah's Kingdom is an illustrated religious magazine, published monthly in 274 languages by Jehovah's Witnesses via the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Along with its companion magazine, Awake!, Jehovah's Witnesses distribute The Watchtower—Public Edition in their door-to-door ministry. ", "precise_score": 6.871858596801758, "rough_score": 5.20339298248291, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The stated purpose of The Watchtower is to draw attention to the kingdom of God, which Jehovah's Witnesses believe is a real government that will soon replace all earthly governments. According to the magazine's mission statement: ", "precise_score": -2.482924461364746, "rough_score": -7.461978912353516, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The Watchtower is the primary means of disseminating Jehovah's Witness beliefs, and includes articles relating to biblical prophecies, Christian conduct and morals, and the history of religion and the Bible.", "precise_score": -3.1270432472229004, "rough_score": -5.781130313873291, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Previously, each issue of the Watchtower contained study articles and other regular features and was distributed to the general public. In 2008, content was divided into a Public Edition distributed to non-Witnesses and a Study Edition, which contains \"pointed information prepared especially for Jehovah's Witnesses\". The latter is generally distributed only to members but is made available to members of the public attending the study of The Watchtower at congregation meetings. ", "precise_score": -1.028605341911316, "rough_score": -5.167006492614746, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The Public Edition of The Watchtower contains biblical articles relating to a theme shown on the cover. In January 2013, The Watchtower—Public Edition was reduced from 32 to 16 pages, with greater focus on the official Jehovah's Witnesses website. As of the January 2016 issue, the Public Edition is published every two months.", "precise_score": -3.345211982727051, "rough_score": -6.260288238525391, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Congregations of Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide discuss the same article each week at the Watchtower Study. At this meeting, each paragraph is read aloud by a designated reader, after which the conductor asks the question printed at the bottom of the page for that paragraph; members of the congregation are then called upon to answer the questions based on the printed information. They are encouraged to put the information in their own words and to \"draw attention to scripture application, supporting arguments, or practical application of the material.\" ", "precise_score": -6.150701999664307, "rough_score": -8.666662216186523, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The magazine is distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses in the course of their house-to-house ministry. They are also distributed by approaching people in public places, given informally to acquaintances and professionals, or left as reading material in places such as bus terminals and laundromats. ", "precise_score": 1.5230978727340698, "rough_score": -7.788515567779541, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "In addition to printed editions, The Watchtower has been published in other forms. Since 1997, Jehovah's Witnesses' official web sites have carried articles formatted for the Internet,\"Good News on the Internet\", Our Kingdom Ministry, November 1997, page 3, \"Our Internet Web site has the address http://www.watchtower.org and contains a selection of tracts, brochures, and Watchtower and Awake! articles.\" (In September 2012, the official website changed to http://www.jw.org.) and began hosting digital downloads in 2008. Specific accessibility efforts include:", "precise_score": -0.8948233723640442, "rough_score": -3.520052671432495, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The sale of Jehovah's Witnesses' literature was gradually phased out in other countries, and The Watchtower has been distributed free of charge worldwide since January 2000, its printing being funded by voluntary donations from Jehovah's Witnesses and members of the public.", "precise_score": -0.38134726881980896, "rough_score": -7.313887119293213, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake!, and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship. They reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire, which they consider to be unscriptural doctrines. They do not observe Christmas, Easter, birthdays or other holidays and customs they consider to have pagan origins incompatible with Christianity. Adherents commonly refer to their body of beliefs as \"the truth\" and consider themselves to be \"in the truth\". They consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and most limit their social interaction with non-Witnesses. Congregational disciplinary actions include disfellowshipping, their term for formal expulsion and shunning. Baptized individuals who formally leave are considered disassociated and are also shunned. Disfellowshipped and disassociated individuals may eventually be reinstated if deemed repentant. ", "precise_score": 2.3515970706939697, "rough_score": -2.165867567062378, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a \"theocratic organization\", reflecting their belief that it is God's \"visible organization\" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,Twelve members as of September 2005 (See The Watchtower, March 15, 2006, page 26)Schroeder died March 8, 2006. (See The Watchtower, September 15, 2006, page 31)Sydlik died April 18, 2006. (See The Watchtower, January 1, 2007, page 8)Barber died April 8, 2007. (See The Watchtower, October 15, 2007, page 31)Jaracz died June 9, 2010. (See The Watchtower, November 15, 2010, page 23)Barr died December 4, 2010. (See The Watchtower, May 15, 2011, page 6)Sanderson appointed September 1, 2012. (See The Watchtower, July 15, 2013, page 26)Pierce died March 20, 2014. (See The Watchtower, December 15, 2014, page 3) all of whom profess to be of the \"anointed\" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters. There is no election for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and \"spokesman\" for God's \"faithful and discreet slave class\" (approximately 10,000 self-professed \"anointed\" Jehovah's Witnesses). At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the \"faithful and discreet slave\" was defined as referring to the Governing Body only. The Governing Body directs several committees that are responsible for administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activities. It appoints all branch committee members and traveling overseers, after they have been recommended by local branches, with traveling overseers supervising circuits of congregations within their jurisdictions. Traveling overseers appoint local elders and ministerial servants, and while branch offices may appoint regional committees for matters such as Kingdom Hall construction or disaster relief. ", "precise_score": -3.9205892086029053, "rough_score": -7.640254974365234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The Writing Committee of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses oversees the research, editing, and development of the articles. The articles are mostly submitted by writing committees from worldwide branch offices, which are then checked by editors and translated into the languages of publication; all involved are volunteers. Women are permitted to write articles that are not of a doctrinal nature. The names of the authors (except in first-person life stories), and other publishing staff are not provided. Articles are produced under the authority and supervision of the Governing Body, and are considered the official teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses.The Watchtower, March 1, 1987, page 15, \"Each article in both The Watchtower and Awake! and every page, including the artwork, is scrutinized by selected members of the Governing Body before it is printed.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.042004585266113, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Watchtower" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity.Sources for descriptors:• Millenarian: • Restorationist: • Christian: • Denomination: The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial attendance of more than 19.9 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They prefer to use their own translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other translations. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.392759323120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The group emerged from the Bible Student movement, founded in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell with the formation of Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society, with significant organizational and doctrinal changes under the leadership of Joseph Franklin Rutherford. The name Jehovah's witnesses was adopted in 1931 to distinguish themselves from other Bible Student groups and symbolize a break with the legacy of Russell's traditions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.172019958496094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The religion's position regarding conscientious objection to military service and refusal to salute national flags has brought it into conflict with some governments. Consequently, some Jehovah's Witnesses have been persecuted and their activities are banned or restricted in some countries. Persistent legal challenges by Jehovah's Witnesses have influenced legislation related to civil rights in several countries. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.055159568786621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: \"Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen\"—which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods. In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a \"theocratic\" (literally, God-ruled) organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.712218284606934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Worldwide membership of Jehovah's Witnesses reached 113,624 in 5,323 congregations by the time of Rutherford's death in January 1942. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.600506782531738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished, with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body. Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by Don A. Adams, not a member of the Governing Body. In 1995, Jehovah's Witnesses abandoned the idea that Armageddon must occur during the lives of the generation that was alive in 1914 and in 2013 changed their teaching on the \"generation\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.135233879089355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them \"as one of Jehovah's Witnesses in association with God's spirit-directed organization,\" though Witness publications say baptism symbolizes personal dedication to God and not \"to a man, work or organization.\" Their literature emphasizes the need for members to be obedient and loyal to Jehovah and to \"his organization,\" Raymond Franz (In Search of Christian Freedom, 2007, p.449) cites various Watch Tower Society publications that stress loyalty and obedience to the organization, including: \"Following Faithful Shepherds with Life in View\", The Watchtower, October 1, 1967, page 591, \"Make haste to identify the visible theocratic organization of God that represents his king, Jesus Christ. It is essential for life. Doing so, be complete in accepting its every aspect.\"; The Watchtower, September 1, 2006, pg 15, \"Have we formed a loyal attachment to the organization that Jehovah is using today?\"; \"Your Reminders Are What I Am Fond Of\", The Watchtower, June 15, 2006, pg 26, \"We too should remain faithful to Jehovah and to his organization regardless of injustices we suffer and regardless of what others do.\"; \"Are You Prepared for Survival?\", The Watchtower, May 15, 2006, pg 22, \"Just as Noah and his God-fearing family were preserved in the ark, survival of individuals today depends on their faith and their loyal association with the earthly part of Jehovah’s universal organization.\"; Worship The Only True God (Watch Tower Society, 2002), pg 134, \"Jehovah is guiding us today by means of his visible organization under Christ. Our attitude toward this arrangement demonstrates how we feel about the issue of sovereignty ... By being loyal to Jehovah’s organization, we show that Jehovah is our God and that we are united in worship of him.\" stating that individuals must remain part of it to receive God's favor and to survive Armageddon. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.705113410949707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of first-century Christianity. Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body, which assumes responsibility for interpreting and applying scripture. The Governing Body does not issue any single, comprehensive \"statement of faith\", but prefers to express its doctrinal position in a variety of ways through publications published by the Watch Tower Society. Their publications teach that doctrinal changes and refinements result from a process of progressive revelation, in which God gradually reveals his will and purpose, and that such enlightenment or \"new light\" results from the application of reason and study, the guidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern \"deep truths\", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions. The religion's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide \"divine guidance\" through its teachings described as \"based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.505997657775879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically and historically accurate and reliable and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all their beliefs, although sociologist Andrew Holden's ethnographic study of the religion concluded that pronouncements of the Governing Body, through Watch Tower Society publications, carry almost as much weight as the Bible. Regular personal Bible reading is frequently recommended; Witnesses are discouraged from formulating doctrines and \"private ideas\" reached through Bible research independent of Watch Tower Society publications, and are cautioned against reading other religious literature. Adherents are told to have \"complete confidence\" in the leadership, avoid skepticism about what is taught in the Watch Tower Society's literature, and \"not advocate or insist on personal opinions or harbor private ideas when it comes to Bible understanding.\" The religion makes no provision for members to criticize or contribute to official teachings and all Witnesses must abide by its doctrines and organizational requirements. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.590448379516602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize use of the name Jehovah—a representation of God's name based on the Tetragrammaton. They believe that Jehovah is the only true God, the creator of all things, and the \"Universal Sovereign\". They believe that all worship should be directed toward him, and that he is not part of a Trinity; consequently, the religion places more emphasis on God than on Christ. They believe that the holy spirit is God's applied power or \"active force\", rather than a person. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.985248565673828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created through Christ by means of God's power, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's \"only-begotten Son\". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They believe Jesus died on a single upright post rather than the traditional cross. They believe that references in the Bible to the Archangel Michael, Abaddon (Apollyon), and the Word all refer to Jesus. Jesus is considered to be the only intercessor and high priest between God and humanity, and appointed by God as the king and judge of his kingdom. His role as a mediator (referred to in 1 Timothy 2:5) is applied to the 'anointed' class, though the 'other sheep' are said to also benefit from the arrangement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.807694435119629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Satan was originally a perfect angel who developed feelings of self-importance and craved worship. Satan influenced Adam and Eve to disobey God, and humanity subsequently became participants in a challenge involving the competing claims of Jehovah and Satan to universal sovereignty. Other angels who sided with Satan became demons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.099703788757324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses teach that Satan and his demons were cast down to earth from heaven after October 1, 1914, at which point the end times began. Witnesses believe that Satan is the ruler of the current world order, that human society is influenced and misled by Satan and his demons, and that they are a cause of human suffering. They also believe that human governments are controlled by Satan, but that he does not directly control each human ruler. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143858909606934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe death is a state of non-existence with no consciousness. There is no Hell of fiery torment; Hades and Sheol are understood to refer to the condition of death, termed the common grave. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the soul to be a life or a living body that can die. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that humanity is in a sinful state, from which release is only possible by means of Jesus' shed blood as a ransom, or atonement, for the sins of humankind. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.080185890197754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Witnesses believe that a \"little flock\" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of \"other sheep\" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon. They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth. They believe that baptism as one of Jehovah's Witnesses is vital for salvation and that only they meet scriptural requirements for surviving Armageddon, but that God is the final judge.\"Remaining Organized for Survival Into the Millennium\", The Watchtower, September 1, 1989, page 19, \"Only Jehovah's Witnesses, those of the anointed remnant and the 'great crowd,'as a united organization under the protection of the Supreme Organizer, have any Scriptural hope of surviving the impending end of this doomed system dominated by Satan the Devil.\" During Christ's millennial reign, most people who died prior to Armageddon will be resurrected with the prospect of living forever; they will be taught the proper way to worship God to prepare them for their final test at the end of the millennium. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4091796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God's kingdom is a literal government in heaven, ruled by Jesus Christ and 144,000 \"spirit-anointed\" Christians drawn from the earth, which they associate with Jesus' reference to a \"new covenant\". The kingdom is viewed as the means by which God will accomplish his original purpose for the earth, transforming it into a paradise without sickness or death. It is said to have been the focal point of Jesus' ministry on earth. They believe the kingdom was established in heaven in 1914, and that Jehovah's Witnesses serve as representatives of the kingdom on earth. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.627863883972168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "A central teaching of Jehovah's Witnesses is that the current world era, or \"system of things\", entered the \"last days\" in 1914 and faces imminent destruction through intervention by God and Jesus Christ, leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably. They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with \"Babylon the Great\", or the \"harlot\", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. This development will mark the beginning of the \"great tribulation\". Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's \"sheep\", or true followers, will be destroyed. After Armageddon, God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth, which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden. Most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during \"judgment day\" lasting for one thousand years. This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds. At the end of the thousand years, Christ will hand all authority back to God. Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.900530815124512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in \"woe\" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of \"signs\". They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word parousia—usually translated as \"coming\" when referring to Christ—as \"presence\". They believe Jesus' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914, and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth. They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief that the \"second coming\" of Matthew 24 refers to a single moment of arrival on earth to judge humans. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.956085205078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular \"Bible study\" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly \"Field Service Report\". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed \"irregular\" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed \"inactive\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.878137588500977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Formal discipline is administered by congregation elders. When a baptized member is accused of committing a serious sin—usually cases of sexual misconduct or charges of apostasy for disputing Jehovah's Witness doctrines —a judicial committee is formed to determine guilt, provide help and possibly administer discipline. Disfellowshipping, a form of shunning, is the strongest form of discipline, administered to an offender deemed unrepentant. Contact with disfellowshipped individuals is limited to direct family members living in the same home, and with congregation elders who may invite disfellowshipped persons to apply for reinstatement; formal business dealings may continue if contractually or financially obliged. Witnesses are taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals keeps the congregation free from immoral influence and that \"losing precious fellowship with loved ones may help [the shunned individual] to come 'to his senses,' see the seriousness of his wrong, and take steps to return to Jehovah.\" The practice of shunning may also serve to deter other members from dissident behavior. Members who disassociate (formally resign) are described in Watch Tower Society literature as wicked and are also shunned. Expelled individuals may eventually be reinstated to the congregation if deemed repentant by elders in the congregation in which the disfellowshipping was enforced. Reproof is a lesser form of discipline given formally by a judicial committee to a baptized Witness who is considered repentant of serious sin; the reproved person temporarily loses conspicuous privileges of service, but suffers no restriction of social or spiritual fellowship. Marking, a curtailing of social but not spiritual fellowship, is practiced if a baptized member persists in a course of action regarded as a violation of Bible principles but not a serious sin.A common example given is a baptized Witness who dates a non-Witness; see The Watchtower, July 15, 1999, p. 30.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.209263801574707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements set by God and will soon be destroyed. Jehovah's Witnesses are taught that it is vital to remain \"separate from the world.\" The Witnesses' literature defines the \"world\" as \"the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah's approved servants\" and teach that it is morally contaminated and ruled by Satan. Witnesses are taught that association with \"worldly\" people presents a \"danger\" to their faith, and are instructed to minimize social contact with non-members to better maintain their own standards of morality. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.884313583374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community improvement issues. Although they do not take part in politics, they respect the authority of the governments under which they live. They do not celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter, nor do they observe birthdays, nationalistic holidays, or other celebrations they consider to honor people other than Jesus. They feel that these and many other customs have pagan origins or reflect a nationalistic or political spirit. Their position is that these traditional holidays reflect Satan's control over the world. Witnesses are told that spontaneous giving at other times can help their children to not feel deprived of birthdays or other celebrations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.758771896362305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. They do not salute or pledge allegiance to flags or sing national anthems or patriotic songs. Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as a worldwide brotherhood that transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties. Sociologist Ronald Lawson has suggested the religion's intellectual and organizational isolation, coupled with the intense indoctrination of adherents, rigid internal discipline and considerable persecution, has contributed to the consistency of its sense of urgency in its apocalyptic message. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937166213989258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, which they consider a violation of God's law based on their interpretation of Acts 15:28, 29 and other scriptures. Since 1961 the willing acceptance of a blood transfusion by an unrepentant member has been grounds for expulsion from the religion. Members are directed to refuse blood transfusions, even in \"a life-or-death situation\". Jehovah's Witnesses accept non-blood alternatives and other medical procedures in lieu of blood transfusions, and their literature provides information about non-blood medical procedures. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.955029487609863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.757993698120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses have an active presence in most countries, but do not form a large part of the population of any country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.266790390014648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "As of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations. In 2015, these reports indicated over 1.93 billion hours spent in preaching and \"Bible study\" activity. Since the mid-1990s, the number of peak publishers has increased from 4.5 million to 8.2 million. In the same year, they conducted \"Bible studies\" with over 9.7 million individuals, including those conducted by Witness parents with their children. Jehovah's Witnesses estimate their current worldwide growth rate to be 1.5% per year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.608684539794922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings. As a result, only about half of those who self-identified as Jehovah's Witnesses in independent demographic studies are considered active by the faith itself. The 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey found a low retention rate among members of the religion: about 37% of people raised in the religion continued to identify themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.712173461914062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Other characteristics of the classification include likelihood of friction with secular authorities, reluctance to co-operate with other religious organizations, a high rate of membership turnover, a low rate of doctrinal change, and strict uniformity of beliefs among members. Beckford identified the religion's chief characteristics as historicism (identifying historical events as relating to the outworking of God's purpose), absolutism (conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth), activism (capacity to motivate members to perform missionary tasks), rationalism (conviction that Witness doctrines have a rational basis devoid of mystery), authoritarianism (rigid presentation of regulations without the opportunity for criticism) and world indifference (rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8119535446167, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Sociologist Bryan R. Wilson, in his consideration of five religions including Jehovah's Witnesses, noted that each of the religions: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.951042175292969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bible reading outside of religious services, belief their prayers are answered, belief that their religion can only be interpreted one way, belief that theirs is the only one true faith leading to eternal life, opposition to abortion, and opposition to homosexuality. In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having earned a graduate degree and interest in politics. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.924064636230469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Controversy surrounding various beliefs, doctrines and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses has led to opposition from local governments, communities, and religious groups. Religious commentator Ken Jubber wrote that \"Viewed globally, this persecution has been so persistent and of such intensity that it would not be inaccurate to regard Jehovah's Witnesses as the most persecuted group of Christians of the twentieth century.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.748493194580078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other times where national service has been compulsory. In 1933, there were approximately 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany, of whom about 10,000 were later imprisoned. Of those, 2000 were sent to Nazi concentration camps, where they were identified by purple triangles; as many as 1200 died, including 250 who were executed. Shulman, William L. A State of Terror: Germany 1933–1939. Bayside, New York: Holocaust Resource Center and Archives. In Canada, Jehovah's Witnesses were interned in camps along with political dissidents and people of Chinese and Japanese descent. In the former Soviet Union, about 9,300 Jehovah's Witnesses were deported to Siberia as part of Operation North in April 1951.Валерий Пасат .\"Трудные страницы истории Молдовы (1940–1950)\". Москва: Изд. Terra, 1994 Their religious activities are currently banned or restricted in some countries, including China, Vietnam and some Islamic states. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.88537311553955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and other religions by Jehovah’s Witnesses. Whalen, Harrison and Schnell have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for publicity purposes in a bid to attract dispossessed members of society, and to convince members that persecution from the outside world was evidence of the truth of their struggle to serve God.Claims that Jehovah's Witnesses chose a deliberate course of martyrdom are contained in:Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Visions of Glory, 1978, chapter 6. Watch Tower Society literature of the period directed that Witnesses should \"never seek a controversy\" nor resist arrest, but also advised members not to co-operate with police officers or courts that ordered them to stop preaching, and to prefer jail rather than pay fines. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.86322021484375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Several cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses have been heard by Supreme Courts throughout the world. The cases generally relate to their right to practice their religion, displays of patriotism and military service, and blood transfusions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911676406860352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses have attracted criticism over issues surrounding their Bible translation, doctrines, their handling of sexual abuse cases, and alleged coercion of members. Many of the claims are denied by Jehovah's Witnesses and some have also been disputed by religious scholars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.02380657196045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of \"God's organization\". It also warns members to \"avoid independent thinking\", claiming such thinking \"was introduced by Satan the Devil\" and would \"cause division\". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as \"apostates\" who are \"mentally diseased\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.888510704040527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witness publications state that consensus of faith aids unity, and deny that unity restricts individuality or imagination. Historian James Irvin Lichti has rejected the description of the religion as \"totalitarian\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.030479431152344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are \"not always very democratic\" and that members \"are expected to conform to rather strict standards,\" but adds that \"enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group\", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as \"part of the power structure rather than subject to it.\" Sociologist Andrew Holden states that most members who join millenarian movements such as Jehovah's Witnesses have made an informed choice. However, he also states that defectors \"are seldom allowed a dignified exit\", and describes the administration as autocratic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.972445487976074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and the International Bible Students as a modern-day prophet.Raymond Franz cites numerous examples. In Crisis of Conscience, 2002, pg. 173, he quotes from \"They Shall Know That a Prophet Was Among Them\", (The Watchtower, April 1, 1972,) which states that God had raised Jehovah's Witnesses as a prophet \"to warn (people) of dangers and declare things to come\" He also cites \"Identifying the Right Kind of Messenger\" (The Watchtower, May 1, 1997, page 8) which identifies the Witnesses as his \"true messengers ... by making the messages he delivers through them come true\", in contrast to \"false messengers\", whose predictions fail. In In Search of Christian Freedom, 2007, he quotes The Nations Shall Know That I Am Jehovah—How? (1971, pg 70, 292) which describes Witnesses as the modern Ezekiel class, \"a genuine prophet within our generation\". The Watch Tower book noted: \"Concerning the message faithfully delivered by the Ezekiel class, Jehovah positively states that it 'must come true' ... those who wait undecided until it does 'come true' will also have to know that a prophet himself had proved to be in the midst of them.\" He also cites \"Execution of the Great Harlot Nears\", (The Watchtower, October 15, 1980, pg 17) which claims God gives the Witnesses \"special knowledge that others do not have ... advance knowledge about this system's end\". Jehovah's Witnesses' publications have made various predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bible.The Watchtower, Jan. 15, 1959, pp. 39–41 Failed predictions have led to the alteration or abandonment of some doctrines. Some failed predictions had been presented as \"beyond doubt\" or \"approved by God\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.8031005859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were \"the words of Jehovah.\" George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology than to failed predictions. Chryssides further states, \"it is therefore simplistic and naïve to view the Witnesses as a group that continues to set a single end-date that fails and then devise a new one, as many counter-cultists do.\" However, sociologist Andrew Holden states that since the foundation of the movement around 140 years ago, \"Witnesses have maintained that we are living on the precipice of the end of time.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.318220138549805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its \"two witness rule\" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sexual abuse to be substantiated by secondary evidence if the accused person denies any wrongdoing. In cases where corroboration is lacking, the Watch Tower Society's instruction is that \"the elders will leave the matter in Jehovah's hands\". A former member of the church’s headquarters staff, Barbara Anderson, says the policy effectively requires that there be another witness to an act of molestation, \"which is an impossibility\". Anderson says the policies \"protect pedophiles rather than protect the children.\" Jehovah's Witnesses maintain that they have a strong policy to protect children, adding that the best way to protect children is by educating parents; they also state that they do not sponsor activities that separate children from parents. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.28795051574707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "answer": "Jehovah's Witness", "passage": "The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse found that of 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by the Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950, \"not one was reported by the church to secular authorities.\" William Bowen, a former Jehovah's Witness elder who established the Silentlambs organization to assist sex abuse victims within the religion, has claimed Witness leaders discourage followers from reporting incidents of sexual misconduct to authorities, and other critics claim the organization is reluctant to alert authorities in order to protect its \"crime-free\" reputation. In court cases in the United Kingdom and the United States the Watch Tower Society has been found to have been negligent in its failure to protect children from known sex offenders within the congregation and the Society has settled other child abuse lawsuits out of court, reportedly paying as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff without admitting wrongdoing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.98631763458252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Rev. Fred Phelps", "Fred Phelps", "Fred Waldron Phelps Snr", "F***elps", "Rev. Phelps", "Fred W. Phelps, Sr.", "Fred Phelps Sr.", "Fred W. Phelps", "Fred Waldron Phelps", "Fred phelps", "Reverend Fred Phelps", "Pastor Fred", "Reverend Phelps", "Fred Phelps, Sr" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "fred phelps sr", "fred waldron phelps", "pastor fred", "rev fred phelps", "fred phelps", "fred w phelps", "reverend fred phelps", "f elps", "fred waldron phelps snr", "reverend phelps", "rev phelps", "fred w phelps sr" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "fred phelps sr", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Fred Phelps, Sr" }

[ { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "The church is headquartered in a residential neighborhood on the west side of Topeka about 3 mi west of the Kansas State Capitol. Its first public service was held on the afternoon of November 27, 1955. The church was headed by Fred Phelps before his death in March 2014, though church representatives said the church had had no defined leader for some time before his death. The church consists primarily of members of Phelps's extended family, and in 2011, the church stated that it had about 40 members.", "precise_score": -1.8077974319458008, "rough_score": -4.830468654632568, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "Westboro Baptist Church originated as a branch of the East Side Baptist Church, established in 1931 on the east side of Topeka. In 1954, East Side hired Fred Phelps as an associate pastor, and then promoted him to pastor of their new church plant, Westboro Baptist, which opened in 1955 on the west side of Topeka. Soon after Westboro was established, Phelps broke ties with East Side Baptist.", "precise_score": 0.08534210175275803, "rough_score": -0.016524672508239746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "Other sites and organizations have parodied the slogans of the Westboro Baptist Church, including God Hates Fred Phelps, God Hates Bags, and God Hates Shrimp. The Cooper family in Kevin Smith's 2011 film Red State was reportedly inspired by the Westboro Baptist Church. ", "precise_score": -5.3373494148254395, "rough_score": -6.744431495666504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "Fred Phelps founded the Phelps Chartered Law Firm in 1964, which has since been used to sue communities that are targets of Westboro's protests.Hagerty, B.B. (2011, March 2). [http://www.npr.org/2011/03/02/134198937/a-peek-inside-the-westboro-baptist-church A Peek Inside the Westboro Baptist Church]. NPR. All five of the law firm's attorneys are Phelps' children, and eleven of his thirteen children are lawyers.Stone, A. (2011, May 3). [http://www.aolnews.com/2011/03/03/fred-phelps-daughters-may-misread-bible-but-they-know-the-law/ Fred Phelps' Daughters May Misread Bible but They Know the Law]. AOL News. Because the firm represents Westboro Baptist Church in its lawsuits, it can use money from cases it wins to further fund the church.Southern Poverty Law Center. [http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/westboro-baptist-church Intelligence Files: Westboro Baptist Church]. Though the firm is often successful, as observed by the SPLC, \"One local lawyer, Pedro Irigonegaray, came up with a novel way to battle the Phelpses. When Phelps Chartered, alleging 'emotional damage,' sued someone who had filed a criminal complaint against a WBC member, Irigonegaray's team requested court approval to have a psychiatrist evaluate Phelps family members to determine the alleged damage. The Phelps firm settled without delay.\"Southern Poverty Law Center. [http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2001/spring/a-city-held-hostage?page=0,0 Topeka: A City Bulled into Submission by the Westboro Baptist Church]. Intelligence Report, Spring 2001, Issue Number: 101.", "precise_score": -5.643733978271484, "rough_score": -6.718832969665527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "On August 20, 1995, a pipe bomb exploded outside the home of Shirley Phelps-Roper, the daughter of Fred Phelps. The blast damaged an SUV, a fence, and part of the house, but no one was injured. In 1996, two men were arrested for the bombing, and both admitted to causing the blast. They had believed that Phelps-Roper's house was that of the pastor, and wanted to retaliate against Westboro's anti-gay protests at Washburn University. One of the bombers was fined $1,751 and was sentenced to 16 days in prison plus 100 hours of community service. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.71599292755127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "Fred Phelps died of natural causes shortly before midnight on March 19, 2014. His daughter Shirley said that a funeral for her father would not be held because Westboro does not \"worship the dead\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.609989166259766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "On October 5, 2011, Fred Phelps' daughter, Margie, announced via her Twitter account that the church would be picketing Apple Inc. founder Steve Jobs' funeral. CBS News and The Washington Post noted the irony in the fact that Margie used an iPhone to create the tweet. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.69702434539795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "On May 8, 2009, members of the church protested at three Jewish sites in Washington, D.C., including the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) offices, the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum and the city's largest synagogue. Margie Phelps, daughter of Pastor Fred Phelps, led the protest, holding signs stating that \"God Hates Israel\", \"Jews Killed Jesus\", \"America Is Doomed\", \"Israel Is Doomed\", and \"ADL Jew Bullies\". The protest was apparently part of a series of upcoming protests which the church has planned at Jewish institutions in Omaha, St. Louis, South Florida and Providence. The group reportedly posted a list of the upcoming protests' locations and dates, along with the statement \"Jews Killed the Lord Jesus.\"[http://jta.org/news/article/2009/05/12/1005095/militant-anti-gay-church-turns-its-sights-on-jews Militant anti-gay church turns its sights on Jews] by Eric Fingerhut, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), May 12, 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.205453872680664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "In response to a Newsweek article alleging that American soldiers flushed copies of the Qur'an down the toilet at Camp X-Ray in Guantanamo Bay, Fred Phelps released this statement: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206647872924805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "The church's founder, Fred Phelps, was a veteran of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s.Lauerman, Kerry (March/April 1999). [http://www.motherjones.com/politics/1999/03/man-who-loves-hate \"The Man Who Loves To Hate\"]. Mother Jones. The Church's disapproval of racism and the use of physical violence by groups such as neo-Nazis and the KKK is stated on its website. The site's FAQ page states, \"[W]e don't believe in physical violence of any kind, and the Scripture doesn't support racism. ... The only true Nazis in this world are fags.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.176153182983398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "Margie Phelps, daughter of pastor Fred Phelps and attorney for WBC, said in an interview with Fox News that Obama is \"absolutely\" going to Hell and that he is \"most likely the Beast spoken of in the Revelation\". She also said Obama's presidency is a sign of the Apocalypse. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.851025581359863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred W. Phelps, Sr.", "passage": "On March 10, 2006, WBC picketed the funeral of Marine Lance Corporal Matthew A. Snyder in Westminister, Maryland. The picket was held in a location cordoned off by the police, approximately 1000 ft from the Church, for about 30 minutes before the funeral began. On June 5, 2006, the Snyder family sued for defamation, invasion of privacy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. The lawsuit named Albert Snyder, Matthew Snyder's father, as plaintiff and Fred W. Phelps, Sr.; Westboro Baptist Church, Inc.; Rebekah Phelps-Davis; and Shirley Phelps-Roper as defendants, alleging that they were responsible for publishing defamatory information about the Snyder family on the Internet, including statements that Albert and his wife had \"raised [Matthew] for the devil\" and taught him \"to defy his Creator, to divorce, and to commit adultery\". Other statements denounced them for raising their son Catholic. Snyder further complained the defendants had intruded upon and staged protests at his son's funeral. The claims of invasion of privacy and defamation arising from comments posted about Snyder on the Westboro website were dismissed on First Amendment grounds, but the case proceeded to trial on the remaining three counts. At the trial, Albert Snyder testified:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4780988693237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "On October 31, 2007, WBC, Fred Phelps and his two daughters, Shirley Phelps-Roper and Rebecca Phelps-Davis, were found liable for invasion of privacy and intentional infliction of emotional distress. A federal jury awarded Snyder $2.9 million in compensatory damages, then later added a decision to award $6 million in punitive damages for invasion of privacy and an additional $2 million for causing emotional distress (a total of $10,900,000). The organization said it would not change its message because of the verdict. WBC said that it was thankful for the verdict, but also unsuccessfully sought a mistrial (based on alleged prejudicial statements made by the judge and violations of the gag order by the plaintiff's attorney) and also filed an appeal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85980224609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "On July 14, 2006, Mundy Township, Michigan billed the WBC for $5,000. The Westboro church had informed township authorities on June 28 that a protest was planned at the Swartz Funeral Home. The bill to the church ensued, according to the local police chief, because the congregation failed to keep a verbal contract for security. Fred Phelps' daughter claimed that the Holy Ghost had informed them not to fly to Michigan even though they had already purchased airline tickets. Security at the Webb funeral was high; 15 fire trucks were involved, as well as numerous police officers from nearby jurisdictions. The township has now stated that it will not pursue the matter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.850820541381836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "On the lead-up to the picket, a number of MPs, lobby groups and LGBT groups appealed to the British Home Secretary, Jacqui Smith, requesting these individuals be blocked from entering the UK, on the basis that WBC would be inciting hatred towards LGBT people. On February 18, 2009, two days before the intended picket date, the Home Office announced that Fred Phelps and Shirley Phelps-Roper would be specifically excluded from entering the UK for having \"engaged in unacceptable behaviour by inciting hatred against a number of communities\", and that \"other church members could also be flagged and stopped if they tried to enter Britain\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.840994834899902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "In 1999, inspired by the murder of Matthew Shepard the previous year, Michael Moore organized a protest against homophobia for his television show The Awful Truth. He toured states with anti-sodomy laws in the \"Sodomobile\", a pink bus filled with gay men and women. At one point, they visited the Westboro Church compound and got out to meet Fred Phelps, at which time Moore introduced the Sodomobile to him.Schultz, Emily. [https://books.google.com/books?id", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.903877258300781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "On July 14, 2013, members of The Satanic Temple performed a publicity stunt featuring a \"pink mass\" ritual over the grave of the mother of Fred Phelps. The group that staged the stunt said that the \"mass\" would turn the dead woman into a posthumous lesbian. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.182416915893555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" }, { "answer": "Fred Phelps", "passage": "Nathan Phelps, estranged son of Fred Phelps, claims he never had a relationship with his abusive father when he was growing up and that the Westboro Baptist Church is an organization for his father to \"vent his rage and anger.\" He alleges that, in addition to hurting others, his father used to physically abuse his wife and children by beating them with his fists and with the handle of a mattock to the point of bleeding. Phelps' brother Mark has supported and repeated Nathan's claims of physical abuse by their father. Since 2004, over 20 members of the church, mostly family members, have left the church and his family. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.947649955749512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Westboro Baptist Church" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Wear Fur" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "wear fur" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "wear fur", "type": "FreeForm", "value": "Wear Fur" }

[ { "answer": "Wear Fur", "passage": "PETA Asia-Pacific supports the PETA campaign \"I'd Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur,\" in which celebrities appear nude to express their opposition to wearing fur. The group also stages anti-fur events to publicize their opposition to fur. PETA Asia-Pacific has been involved in several undercover investigations of fur farms in China. ", "precise_score": 6.307407379150391, "rough_score": 5.341948509216309, "source": "wiki", "title": "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals" }, { "answer": "Wear Fur", "passage": "As part of its anti-fur action, PETA members have infiltrated hundreds of fashion shows in the U.S. and Europe and one in China, throwing red paint on the catwalks and unfurling banners. Celebrities and supermodels have posed naked for the group's \"I'd Rather Go Naked than Wear Fur\" campaign—some men, but mostly women—triggering criticism from feminist animal rights advocates. The New Yorker writes that PETA activists have crawled through the streets of Paris wearing leg-hold traps and thrown around money soaked in fake blood at the International Fur Fair. They sometimes engage in pie-throwing—in January 2010, Canadian MP Gerry Byrne compared them to terrorists for throwing a tofu cream pie at Canada's fishery minister Gail Shea in protest of the seal slaughter, a comment Newkirk called a silly chest-beating exercise. \"The thing is, we make them gawk,\" she told Satya magazine, \"maybe like a traffic accident that you have to look at.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.103394031524658, "source": "wiki", "title": "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals" }, { "answer": "Wear Fur", "passage": "The ads featuring barely clad or naked women have been criticized by some feminist animal rights advocates. When Ronald Reagan's daughter Patti Davis posed naked for Playboy, donating half her $100,000 fee to PETA, the group issued a press release saying Davis \"turns the other cheek in an eye-opening spread,\" then announced she had been photographed naked with Hugh Hefner's dog for an anti-fur ad. In 1995, PETA formed a partnership with Playboy to promote human organ donation, with the caption \"Some People Need You Inside Them\" on a photograph of Hefner's wife. The long-standing campaign, \"I'd rather go naked than wear fur,\" in which celebrities and supermodels strip for the camera, generated particular concern. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.351879596710205, "source": "wiki", "title": "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals" }, { "answer": "Wear Fur", "passage": "A supporter of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), Henson in January 2011 appeared nude in an ad for the I'd Rather Be Naked Than Wear Fur campaign. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.834592819213867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Taraji P. Henson" }, { "answer": "Wear Fur", "passage": "One of Anderson's campaigns as a member of PETA has been against the use of fur. In 1999, Anderson received the first Linda McCartney Memorial Award for animal rights protectors, in recognition of her campaign. In 2003, Anderson stripped down for PETA's \"I'd Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur\" advertising campaign. On June 28, 2006, Anderson posed naked with other protesters on a window display of the Stella McCartney boutique in London, England. It was a PETA gala event before the PETA Humanitarian Awards. Anderson went inside the boutique and said she would take her clothes off if the event raised enough money for PETA, which it did. She campaigned against Kentucky Fried Chicken. In 2001, Anderson released a letter in support of PETA's campaign against Kentucky Fried Chicken, stating \"What KFC does to 750 million chickens each year is not civilized or acceptable.\" She later made a video about KFC's treatment of chickens. In January 2006, Anderson requested that the Governor of Kentucky remove a bust of Colonel Sanders, the founder of KFC, from display but her request was refused even when she offered her own bust in exchange. In February 2006, Anderson decided to boycott the Kentucky Derby because of its support for Kentucky Fried Chicken.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0982136726379395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pamela Anderson" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "Over the course of eleven years Warner Bros. would develop and then cancel Tim Burton's Superman Lives, which would have starred Nicolas Cage, Wolfgang Petersen's Batman vs. Superman, and the J. J. Abrams scripted Superman: Flyby, which went between directors Joseph \"McG\" Nichols and Brett Ratner. The studio hired Bryan Singer to take over the franchise in 2004, releasing Superman Returns in 2006, which starred newcomer Brandon Routh. Donner's director's cut for Superman II was also released that year. Despite positive reviews, Warner Bros. was disappointed with the financial performance of Superman Returns, and canceled Singer's proposed sequel. The studio nearly went in production of a Justice League film with George Miller directing and D. J. Cotrona as Superman, but it was shelved in 2008 and the film series was rebooted in 2013 with Man of Steel, directed by Zack Snyder and produced by Christopher Nolan. Henry Cavill reprised the role of Superman in 2016 with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.", "precise_score": -3.87752628326416, "rough_score": -0.12060549110174179, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "Cavill gained further prominence and international fame playing the titular superhero Superman in the 2013 reboot film Man of Steel, the highest-grossing Superman film of all time. He reprised the role in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, his highest grossing film to date. In 2015, he costarred with Armie Hammer in the spy film The Man from U.N.C.L.E.", "precise_score": 2.084144353866577, "rough_score": 0.49619677662849426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Cavill" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "On 30 January 2011, it was announced that Cavill had been cast in the role of Clark Kent/Superman in director Zack Snyder's Man of Steel. Snyder called Cavill \"the perfect choice to don the cape and S shield.\" Entertainment media applauded Henry Cavill on his road to success. On being chosen for the role, Cavill commented, \"In the pantheon of superheroes, Superman is the most recognized and revered character of all time, and I am honoured to be a part of his return to the big screen.\" Cavill reprised the role of Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a 2016 sequel which featured a crossover with Batman and Wonder Woman. Cavill will reprise the role of Superman for the upcoming Justice League film.", "precise_score": 2.784634590148926, "rough_score": 3.9224960803985596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Cavill" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "For the third installment, Ilya Salkind wrote a treatment that expanded the film's scope to a cosmic scale, introducing the villains Brainiac and Mr. Mxyzptlk, as well as Supergirl. The original outline featured a father-daughter relationship between Brainiac and Supergirl, and a romance between Superman and Supergirl, even though the two are cousins in the comics. Warner Bros. rejected it and created their own Superman III film that co-starred Richard Pryor as computer wizard Gus Gorman, who under the manipulation of a millionaire magnate, creates a form of Kryptonite that turns the Man of Steel into an evil self. The retooled script pared Brainiac down into the film's evil \"ultimate computer\". Despite the film's success, fans were disappointed with the film, in particular with Pryor's performance diluting the serious tone of the previous films, as well as controversy over the depiction of the evil Superman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.504199028015137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "Disappointed by the lack of progress on the film's production, aspiring screenwriter/comic book fan Alex Ford was able to have a script of his (titled Superman: The Man of Steel) accepted at the studio's offices in September 1998. Ford pitched his idea for a film series consisting of seven installments, and his approach impressed Warner Bros. and Peters, though he was later given a farewell due to creative differences. Ford said, \"I can tell you they don't know much about comics. Their audience isn't you and me who pay $7.00. It's for the parents who spend $60 on toys and lunchboxes. It is a business, and what's more important, the $150 million at the box office or the $600 million in merchandising?\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.340331554412842, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "Brett Ratner was hired to direct in September 2002, originally expressing an interest in casting an unknown for the lead role, while filming was to start sometime in late 2003. Christopher Reeve joined as project consultant, citing Tom Welling, who portrayed the teenage Clark Kent in Smallville, as an ideal candidate. Reeve added \"the character is more important than the actor who plays him, because it is an enduring mythology. It definitely should be an unknown.\" Ratner approached Josh Hartnett, Jude Law, Paul Walker and Brendan Fraser for Superman, but conceded that finding a famous actor for the title role had proven difficult because of contractual obligations to appear in sequels. \"No star wants to sign that, but as much as I've told Jude and Josh my vision for the movie, I've warned them of the consequences of being Superman. They'll live this character for 10 years because I'm telling one story over three movies and plan to direct all three if the first is as successful as everyone suspects.\" Hartnett in particular was offered $100 million for a three-picture deal. Walker explained that \"I could have made a gazillion dollars on that franchise. I could probably have bought my own fleet of jets or my own island. You know what? I don't need it.\" Fraser turned it down out of fear of typecasting. David Boreanaz, Victor Webster and Ashton Kutcher auditioned, along with Keri Russell as Lois Lane, but Kutcher decided not to pursue the role, citing scheduling conflicts with That '70s Show, the Superman curse and fear of typecasting, while Boreanaz had to back out due to obligations with Angel. James Marsden stated in a 2006 interview that at one point he was approached by Ratner. Although it was never formally announced, Matt Bomer confirmed he was in the running for the lead role, being Ratner's preferred choice at the time. Bomer would later voice the character in the 2013 animated film Superman: Unbound. Amy Adams had also auditioned for Lois Lane, and would eventually win the role eight years later when she was cast in Man of Steel. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.810925483703613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "In February 2006, four months before the release of Superman Returns, Warner Bros. announced a summer 2009 theatrical release date for a sequel, with Bryan Singer returning as director. Brandon Routh, Kate Bosworth, Kevin Spacey, Sam Huntington, Frank Langella, and Tristan Lake Leabu were expected to reprise their roles, however, with the release of Superman Returns in July 2006, Warner Bros. was hesitant on moving forward with development. Warner Bros. President Alan F. Horn explained that Superman Returns was a very successful film, but that it \"should have done $500 million worldwide. We should have had perhaps a little more action to satisfy the young male crowd.\" Singer reacted incredulously to the studio complaints, saying, \"That movie made $400 million! I don't know what constitutes under-performing these days ...\" Filming was supposed to start in March 2008; no screenplay was ever written, but Singer would have titled it Man of Steel, with an interest in Darkseid as the main villain. Singer stressed that it would have been more action-packed than Superman Returns. while writer Michael Dougherty was interested in using Brainiac. \"In my mind, if the Kryptonians really were a space-faring race ... it would only make sense that there would've been colonies and off-planet missions ... other Kryptonians making their way to Earth seemed like a pretty big one. It wouldn't necessarily be evil right off the bat. That's too easy and cliché ... I think it'd be interesting to see how these other Kryptonians show up, land and have all these powers and [have to learn] how to adapt to them.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.516510009765625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "Man of Steel (2013)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.946011543273926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "David S. Goyer and Zack Snyder are set to write and direct a sequel to Man of Steel, respectively. Christopher Nolan is also expected to return as producer, albeit in a lesser role than he had in the first film. On June 16, 2013, The Wall Street Journal reported that the studio is possibly planning to release the sequel in 2014. Warner Bros. announced that Superman and Batman will unite in a new film which will be the follow-up to Man of Steel, set for release in 2015. Goyer stated at the Superman 75th Anniversary Panel at 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International, that Batman and Superman would face off, and titles under consideration are Superman Vs Batman and Batman Vs Superman. On August 22, 2013, it was announced that Ben Affleck was cast as Batman. On December 4, 2013, it was reported that Gal Gadot was cast as Wonder Woman. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6193628311157227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "Shortly after filming had finished for Man of Steel, Warner Bros hired Will Beall to script a new Justice League film in June 2012. With the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a new Justice League script, with the Beall draft being scrapped. In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also be directing Goyer's Justice League script. Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman. In October 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts as the fifth and ninth installments of the shared universe, with Part One releasing in 2017, and Part Two in 2019. Snyder will direct both films with Henry Cavill set to reprise his role as Superman. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9948554039001465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "Untitled Man of Steel sequel (TBA)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.547296524047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "In October 2014, a Man of Steel sequel was announced with an intended release between 2016 and 2020. In August 2015, Jon Schnepp revealed to DC Movie News on the Popcorn Network that the studio are rumored to have George Miller as the director for the sequel. On June 2016, Russel Crowe confimed that a Man of Steel trilogy was originally planned before it was scrapped due the announcement of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.711472272872925, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" }, { "answer": "Man of Steel", "passage": "Man of Steel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220183372497559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Superman in film" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Domestic Hedgehog", "Hedgepig", "Erinaceinae", "Hedge hog", "Hedge Hog", "Hedgehogs", "Hedgehog" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "hedgepig", "domestic hedgehog", "hedgehogs", "erinaceinae", "hedge hog", "hedgehog" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "hedgehog", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Hedgehog" }

[ { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sega, along with their sub-studios, are known for their multi-million selling game franchises including Sonic the Hedgehog, Virtua Fighter, Phantasy Star, Yakuza, and Total War, amongst others. Sega's head offices are located in Ōta, Tokyo. Sega's North American division, Sega of America, is headquartered in Irvine, California, having moved there from San Francisco in 2015. Sega's European division, Sega Europe, is headquartered in Brentford, London.", "precise_score": -1.566169023513794, "rough_score": 1.8798253536224365, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sega" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sega also released the Sega Master System and the first game featuring Alex Kidd, who would be Sega's unofficial mascot until he was replaced by Sonic the Hedgehog in 1991. While the Master System was technically superior to the NES, it failed to capture market share in North America and Japan due to highly aggressive strategies by Nintendo and ineffective marketing by Tonka, who marketed the console on behalf of SEGA in the United States. However, the Master System was highly successful in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil with games still being sold well into the 1990s alongside the Mega Drive and Nintendo's NES and SNES.", "precise_score": 0.9053280353546143, "rough_score": 5.427432537078857, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sega" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "The same year, Sega of America's leadership passed from Katz to Tom Kalinske, who further escalated the \"console war\" that was developing. As a preemptive strike against the release of the SNES, Sega re-branded itself with a new game and mascot, Sonic the Hedgehog. This shift led to a wider success for the Genesis and would eventually propel Sega to 65% of the market in North America for a brief time. Simultaneously, after much delay, Sega released the Sega CD in Japan in 1991 and in North America in 1992 as a hardware add-on to the Genesis, greatly reducing space limitations on their games. Sonic the Hedgehog 2 was also released in 1992 for the Genesis, and became the most successful game Sega ever produced, selling over six million copies in total. During this period, local North American development also increased with the establishments of Sega Technical Institute in 1990, Sega Midwest Studio in 1992, Sega Multimedia Studio in 1993, and the acquisition of Interactive Designs in 1992.", "precise_score": 1.52377188205719, "rough_score": 3.6715800762176514, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sega" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sega is involved in the merchandising of their own intellectual properties, such as Sonic the Hedgehog and The House of the Dead, as well as unaffiliated anime and manga franchises such as Bleach, Neon Genesis Evangelion, and Initial D.", "precise_score": -0.9307525753974915, "rough_score": 1.678871750831604, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sega" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Eventually, Naoto Ohshima's spiky teal hedgehog, initially codenamed \"Mr. Needlemouse\", was chosen as the new mascot. Sonic's blue pigmentation was chosen to match Sega's cobalt blue logo, and his shoes evolved from a design inspired by Michael Jackson's boots with the addition of the color red, which was inspired by both Santa Claus and the contrast of those colors on Jackson's 1987 album Bad; his personality was based on Bill Clinton's \"Get it done\" attitude. ", "precise_score": 3.933290481567383, "rough_score": 4.627455234527588, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "As Sega's mascot and one of the key reasons for the company's success during the 16-bit era of video game consoles, Sonic is one of the most famous video game characters in the world. In 1993, Sonic became the first video game character to have a balloon in Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. In 1996, Sonic was also the first video game character to be seen in a Rose Parade. Sonic was one of the three game characters inducted on the inaugural Walk of Game class in 2005, along with former rivals Mario and Link (both from Nintendo). One of a class of genes involved in fruit fly embryonic development, called hedgehog genes, has been named \"sonic hedgehog\" after the character. He is also named in the song Abiura di me of the Italian rapper Caparezza.", "precise_score": 3.6748251914978027, "rough_score": 4.838824272155762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "The Sonic the Hedgehog series continued to be internationally recognized, having sold 150 million in total, although the critical reception of games in the series has been mixed. In 2007, Sega and Nintendo teamed up using Sega's acquired Olympic Games license, to create the Mario and Sonic at the Olympic Games series, which has sold over 20 million in total. In the console and handheld business, Sega found success in Japan with the Yakuza and Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA series of games, amongst others primarily aimed at the Japanese market. In Japan, Sega distributes titles from smaller Japanese game developers and localizations of western titles. In 2013, Index Corporation was purchased by Sega Sammy after going bankrupt. After the buyout, Sega officially split Index, making Atlus, the video game developer and publisher, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sega. Atlus is known for its Megami Tensei and Persona series of role-playing games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6704067587852478, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sega" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": ", trademarked Sonic The Hedgehog, is the title character and protagonist of the Sonic the Hedgehog series released by Sega, as well as numerous spin-off comics, five animated shows, and an animated OVA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8298029899597168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic is a blue anthropomorphic hedgehog who has the ability to run at supersonic speeds and the ability to curl into a ball, primarily to attack enemies. Throughout the course of the video games, Sonic most commonly has to race through levels, collect power up rings and survive against a host of natural obstacles and minions to achieve his goal. While many individuals at Sega had a hand in Sonic's creation, programmer Yuji Naka and artist Naoto Ohshima are generally credited with the creation of the character. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.604309618473053, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic was created without the ability to swim because of a mistaken assumption by Yuji Naka that all hedgehogs could not do so. A group of fifteen people started working on the first Sonic the Hedgehog game, and renamed themselves Sonic Team. The game's soundtrack was composed by Masato Nakamura of the band Dreams Come True. Sega sponsored the group's \"Wonder 3\" tour, painting Sonic on the tour bus, distributing pamphlets advertising the game, and having footage of the game broadcast above stage prior to its release. The original concepts gave Sonic fangs and put him in a band with a human girlfriend named Madonna. However, a team from Sega of America, led by Madeline Schroeder, who calls herself \"Sonic's mother\", \"softened\" the character up for an American audience by removing those elements. This sparked a heated issue with Sonic Team. Naka later admitted that it was probably for the best.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3461925983428955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic's appearance varies greatly depending on the medium and the style in which he is drawn. In the video games, Sonic's original design by Oshima was short and round, with short quills, a round body, and no visible irises. Artwork featuring this design and drawn by Akira Watanabe was displayed on the package artwork for Sonic the Hedgehog. Sonic's proportions would change for the release of Sonic the Hedgehog 2 on the Mega Drive; Sonic's head to height ratio was changed from 1:2 to 1:2.5. For the 1998 release of Sonic Adventure, Sonic was redesigned by Yuji Uekawa as a character with longer legs and a less spherical body, longer and more drooping quills, and green-colored irises. For the 2006 game, Sonic was redesigned to make him look adult-like and taller to appeal to the next generation players. This was also done because Sonic would interact with humans more often and his design was supposed to fit. An alternative \"Werehog\" form was introduced in Sonic Unleashed, placing more emphasis on Sonic's melee skills rather than speed. Although Tetsu Katano acknoweldged the large negative fan response to the Werehog, he believes it could return in a future game. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.195559024810791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Different actors have provided Sonic's voice in his game appearances. Sonic originally had a few voice samples in Sonic CD, with Keiko Utoku providing the voice. Sonic's first true voice actor was Takeshi Kusao for the arcade game SegaSonic the Hedgehog, with Junichi Kanemaru continually voicing the role beginning with the release of Sonic Adventure. In Sonic Unleashed, Sonic was voiced by Tomokazu Seki while in Werehog form. Sonic's first English voice actor was Jaleel White in the three animated series Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic the Hedgehog (SatAM) and Sonic Underground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.117114543914795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic the Hedgehog series video games", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0753936767578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic's first appearance in video games was in the 1991 arcade racing game Rad Mobile, as an air freshener in one of the cars. Sonic's first major appearance was in the platform game Sonic the Hedgehog for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, which also introduced his nemesis Dr. Robotnik. His two-tailed fox friend Tails joined him in the game's 1992 sequel, Sonic the Hedgehog 2. Sonic CD, released in 1993, introduced Sonic's self-appointed girlfriend Amy Rose and recurring robotic doppelgänger Metal Sonic as Sonic traveled through time to ensure a good future for the world. Sonic 3 and its direct sequel Sonic & Knuckles, both released in 1994, saw Sonic and Tails battle Robotnik again, with the additional threat of Knuckles, who is tricked by Robotnik into thinking Sonic is a threat. Sonic 4 (2010–2012) continues where the story of Sonic 3 left off, reducing Sonic to the only playable character and releasing in episodic installments. The second episode sees the return of both Tails as Sonic's sidekick and Metal Sonic as a recurring enemy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4342997074127197, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Other two-dimensional platformers starring Sonic include Sonic Chaos (1993), Sonic Triple Trouble (1994), Sonic Blast (1996), Sonic the Hedgehog Pocket Adventure (1999), Sonic Advance (2001), Sonic Advance 2 (2002), Sonic Advance 3 (2004), Sonic Rush (2005), Sonic Rush Adventure (2007), and Sonic Colors (DS) (2010), all in which were released for handheld consoles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8001692295074463, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic Adventure (1998) was Sonic Team's return to the character for a major game. It featured Sonic returning from vacation to find the city of Station Square under attack by a new foe named Chaos, under the control of Dr. Robotnik (now known as Dr. Eggman). It was also the first Sonic game to feature a complete voice-over. Sonic Adventure 2 (2001) placed Sonic on-the-run from the military (G.U.N.) after being mistaken for Shadow the Hedgehog. Sonic Heroes (2003) featured Sonic teaming up with Tails and Knuckles, along with other character teams like Team Rose and Chaotix, against the newly rebuilt Metal Sonic, who had betrayed his master with intentions of world domination. Sonic the Hedgehog (2006) features Sonic in the city of water, \"Soleanna,\" where he must rescue Princess Elise from Dr. Eggman while trying to avoid a new threat to his own life, Silver the Hedgehog. He is the only playable character in Sonic Unleashed (2008), in which he unwillingly gains a new personality, \"Sonic the Werehog,\" the result of Sonic being fused with Dark Gaia's power. He gains strength and flexibility in exchange for his speed, and new friends including a strange creature named Chip who helps him along the way. In Sonic Colors (2010), Eggman tries to harness the energy of alien beings known as \"Wisps\" for a mind-control beam. The anniversary title Sonic Generations (2011) features two playable incarnations of Sonic: the younger \"classic\" Sonic, whose gameplay is presented in a style reminiscent of the Mega Drive/Genesis titles, and present-day \"modern\" Sonic, who uses the gameplay style present in Unleashed and Colors, going through stages from past games to save their friends. Sonic Generations features various theme songs including modern and retro versions that are able to be selected from throughout Sonic's twenty-year history. In April 2013, Sega announced that Sonic Lost World would launch in October 2013 for the Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.706827163696289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Video games such as Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine (1993), Knuckles' Chaotix (1995), Tails' Skypatrol (1995), Tails Adventure (1995), and Shadow the Hedgehog (2005) starred supporting characters of the Sonic series, although Sonic himself cameos in most of these titles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.994481086730957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "The first animated series, Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, aired in 1993. It was a comical take on Sonic and Tails' adventures battling Robotnik, filled with slapstick humor and loosely based upon the plot of the games. Pierre De Celles, an animator who worked on Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, described the show as \"fun and humorous.\" Also premiering in 1993 was Sonic the Hedgehog. It was a more dramatic series which portrayed Sonic as a member of a band of Freedom Fighters that fight to free their world from the evil dictator, Dr. Robotnik. In 1996, two episodes of an OVA titled Sonic the Hedgehog were released in Japan. For the American release, the two episodes combined and released as Sonic the Hedgehog: The Movie by ADV Films. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.6912360191345215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "A third series with a separate canon was released under the title Sonic Underground in 1999. It featured the introductions of Sonic's siblings, Sonia the Hedgehog and Manic the Hedgehog, and Sonic's mother, Queen Aleena, who must defeat Robotnik and rule Mobius as the \"Council of Four\". The show ran for one season in syndication on the Bohbot Kids Network block before it was cancelled.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.5435686111450195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "The American comics published by Archie Comics, Sonic the Hedgehog (1993–), Sonic X (2005–2008), and Sonic Universe (2009-) are based on the settings established by earlier animated TV series, the ABC \"SatAM\" cartoon, the Sonic X anime, and an expansion to the series, respectively. The former series is currently the second longest-running licensed comic series in the history of American comic books, second only to Marvel's Conan series (first issue released in 1970).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.624039173126221, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic has also been featured in two different manga. One series was simply called Sonic the Hedgehog, and featured a story about a normal boy named Nicky Parlouzer who can change into Sonic. The other series was a compilation of short stories and was separated into two volumes, the first being called Dash and Spin, and the other called Super Fast Sonic!!.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2154011726379395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "According to various official materials from Sega, Sonic is described as a character who is \"like the wind\": a drifter who lives as he wants, and makes life a series of events and adventures. Sonic hates oppression and staunchly defends freedom. Although he is mostly quick-witted and easygoing, he has a short temper and is often impatient with slower things. Sonic is a habitual daredevil hedgehog who is honest, loyal to friends, keeps his promises, and dislikes tears. He took the young Tails under his wing like a little brother, and is uninterested in marital proposals from Amy Rose. In times of crisis, he focuses intensely on the challenge as if his personality had undergone an astonishing change.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.129303455352783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic is known as the world's fastest hedgehog. Sonic's greatest strength is his running speed, which is faster than the speed of sound. Many of his abilities are variations on the tendency for hedgehogs to roll into tight balls for protection with the addition of spinning his body. Since his introduction in 1991's Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic's primary offensive maneuver is the basic \"Spin Attack\" (or \"Sonic Spin Attack\"). Later games in the series expanded on this basic attack and two of these enhancements have become mainstays of his: the Spin Dash which was introduced in Sonic the Hedgehog 2 and involves Sonic spinning on the spot before blasting off at full speed, and the Homing Attack, officially introduced in Sonic Adventure, in which Sonic dashes toward a target in midair. Sonic's only weakness is that he cannot swim, sinking like a rock if plunged to a deep body of water. When the seven Chaos Emeralds are collected and used, Sonic transforms into \"Super Sonic\", a faster and invulnerable version of himself that can fly. In Super Sonic form, Sonic's eyes are red and his body yellow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.005094051361084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "Sonic has also been used as a symbol for Sega's various sponsorships. Between 1993 and 1997, Sega sponsored the JEF United Ichihara Chiba football team, during which period Sonic appeared in the team's uniform. During the 1993 Formula One championship, Sega sponsored the Williams Grand Prix team, which won the Constructors' Championship that year, as well as the team's lead driver, Alain Prost, winning the Drivers' Championship. Sonic was featured in the cars, helmets, and their rivals McLaren used to paint a squashed hedgehog after winning races over Williams. The 1993 European Grand Prix featured a Sonic balloon and Sonic billboards. In 1992, according to Sega of America marketing director Al Nilsen, Sonic was found to be more recognizable than Mickey Mouse in the six-to eleven-year-old demographic, based on the character's respective Q Scores, although this claim could not be confirmed by Q Score developer Marketing Evaluations, Inc. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.0034227012656629086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "The Sonic the Hedgehog video games have featured several theme songs for the character. Most are performed by Crush 40, who have also performed many other songs produced for the franchise. The majority of them also serve as final boss themes as well where stated below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.251680374145508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" }, { "answer": "Hedgehog", "passage": "*Sonic the Hedgehog '06: \"His World\" - Zebrahead. This is one of the three character theme songs and 2 instrumental versions (one of which is used for the final boss theme) can be found in the game. Other remixes of this theme were done by Crush 40 and Bentley Jones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.50259780883789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (character)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Arsenicals", "Element 33", "Yellow arsenic", "Arsnic", "7440-38-2", "Arsenacho", "Arsenic mining", "Arsenic", "🜺", "Inorganic arsenic", "Scherbenkobalt" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "arsenacho", "arsenic mining", "arsenic", "arsnic", "yellow arsenic", "element 33", "inorganic arsenic", "🜺", "scherbenkobalt", "7440 38 2", "arsenicals" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "arsenic", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Arsenic" }

[ { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Orpiment is a deep orange-yellow colored arsenic sulfide mineral with formula . It is found in volcanic fumaroles, low temperature hydrothermal veins, and hot springs and is formed both by sublimation and as a byproduct of the decay of another arsenic mineral, realgar. It takes its name from the Latin auripigmentum (aurum − gold + pigmentum − pigment) because of its deep-yellow color.", "precise_score": -1.4843064546585083, "rough_score": -4.89661169052124, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orpiment" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Orpiment is a common monoclinic arsenic sulfide mineral. It has a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and a specific gravity of 3.49. It melts at 300 °C to 325 °C. Optically it is biaxial (−) with refractive indices of a 2.4, b ", "precise_score": -4.4396138191223145, "rough_score": -4.545873641967773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orpiment" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "File:Orpiment-d06-185b.jpg|El'brusskiy arsenic mine, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia. Size 5.8 x 3.5 x 1.7 cm.", "precise_score": -7.660752773284912, "rough_score": -7.5750532150268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Orpiment" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid. It has various allotropes, but only the gray form is important to industry.", "precise_score": -0.34267088770866394, "rough_score": -3.002119302749634, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The three most common arsenic allotropes are metallic gray, yellow, and black arsenic, with gray being the most common. Gray arsenic (α-As, space group Rm No. 166) adopts a double-layered structure consisting of many interlocked, ruffled, six-membered rings. Because of weak bonding between the layers, gray arsenic is brittle and has a relatively low Mohs hardness of 3.5. Nearest and next-nearest neighbors form a distorted octahedral complex, with the three atoms in the same double-layer being slightly closer than the three atoms in the next. This relatively close packing leads to a high density of 5.73 g/cm3. Gray arsenic is a semimetal, but becomes a semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.2–1.4 eV if amorphized. Gray arsenic is also the most stable form. Yellow arsenic is soft and waxy, and somewhat similar to tetraphosphorus (). Both have four atoms arranged in a tetrahedral structure in which each atom is bound to each of the other three atoms by a single bond. This unstable allotrope, being molecular, is the most volatile, least dense, and most toxic. Solid yellow arsenic is produced by rapid cooling of arsenic vapor, . It is rapidly transformed into gray arsenic by light. The yellow form has a density of 1.97 g/cm3. Black arsenic is similar in structure to red phosphorus.", "precise_score": -8.425804138183594, "rough_score": -6.460282802581787, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic occurs in nature as a monoisotopic element, composed of one stable isotope, 75As. As of 2003, at least 33 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 60 to 92. The most stable of these is 73As with a half-life of 80.30 days. All other isotopes have half-lives of under one day, with the exception of 71As (t1/265.30 hours), 72As (t1/2", "precise_score": -7.768373012542725, "rough_score": -6.3661298751831055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "At least 10 nuclear isomers have been described, ranging in atomic mass from 66 to 84. The most stable of arsenic's isomers is 68mAs with a half-life of 111 seconds.", "precise_score": -9.818521499633789, "rough_score": -9.000606536865234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic has a similar electronegativity and ionisation energies to its lighter congener phosphorus and as such readily forms covalent molecules with most of the nonmetals. Though stable in dry air, arsenic forms a golden-bronze tarnish upon exposure to humidity which eventually becomes a black surface layer.Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 552–4 When heated in air, arsenic oxidizes to arsenic trioxide; the fumes from this reaction have an odor resembling garlic. This odor can be detected on striking arsenide minerals such as arsenopyrite with a hammer. It burns in oxygen to form arsenic trioxide and arsenic pentoxide, which have the same structure as the more well-known phosphorus compounds, and in fluorine to give arsenic pentafluoride. Arsenic (and some arsenic compounds) sublimes upon heating at atmospheric pressure, converting directly to a gaseous form without an intervening liquid state at 887 K. The triple point is 3.63 MPa and 1090 K. Arsenic makes arsenic acid with concentrated nitric acid, arsenious acid with dilute nitric acid, and arsenic trioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid; however, it does not react with water, alkalis, or non-oxidising acids. Arsenic reacts with metals to form arsenides, though these are not ionic compounds containing the As3− ion as the formation of such an anion would be highly endothermic and even the group 1 arsenides have properties of intermetallic compounds. Like germanium, selenium, and bromine, which like arsenic succeed the 3d transition series, arsenic is much less stable in the group oxidation state of +5 than its vertical neighbors phosphorus and antimony, and hence arsenic pentoxide and arsenic acid are potent oxidisers.", "precise_score": -10.328028678894043, "rough_score": -9.00339126586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic forms colorless, odorless, crystalline oxides As2O3 (\"white arsenic\") and As2O5 which are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water to form acidic solutions. Arsenic(V) acid is a weak acid and the salts are called arsenates, the most common arsenic contamination of groundwater, and a problem that affects many people. Synthetic arsenates include Paris Green (copper(II) acetoarsenite), calcium arsenate, and lead hydrogen arsenate. These three have been used as agricultural insecticides and poisons.", "precise_score": -10.097996711730957, "rough_score": -8.244756698608398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "A broad variety of sulfur compounds of arsenic are known. Orpiment (As2S3) and realgar (As4S4) are somewhat abundant and were formerly used as painting pigments. In As4S10, arsenic has a formal oxidation state of +2 in As4S4 which features As-As bonds so that the total covalency of As is still 3. Both orpiment and realgar, as well as As4S3, have selenium analogs; although arsenic tellurides are not known, the anion As2Te− is known as a ligand in cobalt complexes.Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 578–83", "precise_score": -6.1554083824157715, "rough_score": -5.355010509490967, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic is used as the group 5 element in the III-V semiconductors gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, and aluminium arsenide. The valence electron count of GaAs is the same as a pair of Si atoms, but the band structure is completely different which results distinct bulk properties. Other arsenic alloys include the II-V semiconductor cadmium arsenide. ", "precise_score": -9.281373977661133, "rough_score": -8.134592056274414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic comprises about 1.5 ppm (0.00015%) of the Earth's crust, and is the 53rd most abundant element. Typical background concentrations are as follows: Air −3; soil −1; freshwater −1; seawater −1. ", "precise_score": -9.811101913452148, "rough_score": -9.028345108032227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The word arsenic has its origin in the Syriac word ܠܐ ܙܐܦܢܝܐ (al) zarniqa, from the Persian word zarnikh, meaning \"yellow\" (literally \"gold-colored\") and hence \"(yellow) orpiment\". It was adopted into Greek as arsenikon (ἀρσενικόν), a form that is folk etymology, being the neuter form of the Greek word arsenikos (ἀρσενικός), meaning \"male\", \"virile\". The Greek word was adopted in Latin as arsenicum, which in French became arsenic, from which the English word arsenic is taken. Arsenic sulfides (orpiment, realgar) and oxides have been known and used since ancient times. Zosimos (circa 300 AD) describes roasting sandarach (realgar) to obtain cloud of arsenic (arsenic trioxide), which he then reduces to metallic arsenic. As the symptoms of arsenic poisoning were somewhat ill-defined, it was frequently used for murder until the advent of the Marsh test, a sensitive chemical test for its presence. (Another less sensitive but more general test is the Reinsch test.) Owing to its use by the ruling class to murder one another and its potency and discreetness, arsenic has been called the \"poison of kings\" and the \"king of poisons\". ", "precise_score": 0.6084194183349609, "rough_score": 4.044986248016357, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great, 1193–1280) is believed to have been the first to isolate the element from a compound in 1250, by heating soap together with arsenic trisulfide. In 1649, Johann Schröder published two ways of preparing arsenic. Crystals of elemental (native) arsenic are found in nature, although rare.", "precise_score": -9.963558197021484, "rough_score": -8.878572463989258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "In the Victorian era, \"arsenic\" (\"white arsenic\" or arsenic trioxide) was mixed with vinegar and chalk and eaten by women to improve the complexion of their faces, making their skin paler to show they did not work in the fields. Arsenic was also rubbed into the faces and arms of women to \"improve their complexion\". The accidental use of arsenic in the adulteration of foodstuffs led to the Bradford sweet poisoning in 1858, which resulted in around 20 deaths. ", "precise_score": -10.386727333068848, "rough_score": -8.84023666381836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "During the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, a number of arsenic compounds were used as medicines, including arsphenamine (by Paul Ehrlich) and arsenic trioxide (by Thomas Fowler). Arsphenamine, as well as neosalvarsan, was indicated for syphilis and trypanosomiasis, but has been superseded by modern antibiotics.", "precise_score": -9.59720516204834, "rough_score": -9.214634895324707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The main use of metallic arsenic is in alloying with lead. Lead components in car batteries are strengthened by the presence of a very small percentage of arsenic. Dezincification of brass (a copper-zinc alloy) is greatly reduced by the addition of arsenic. \"Phosphorus Deoxidized Arsenical Copper\" with an arsenic content of 0.3% has an increased corrosion stability in certain environments. Gallium arsenide is an important semiconductor material, used in integrated circuits. Circuits made from GaAs are much faster (but also much more expensive) than those made from silicon. Unlike silicon, GaAs has a direct bandgap, and can be used in laser diodes and LEDs to convert electrical energy directly into light.", "precise_score": -10.629830360412598, "rough_score": -8.70426082611084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Extensive arsenic contamination of groundwater has led to widespread arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh and neighboring countries. It is estimated that approximately 57 million people in the Bengal basin are drinking groundwater with arsenic concentrations elevated above the World Health Organization's standard of 10 parts per billion (ppb). However, a study of cancer rates in Taiwan suggested that significant increases in cancer mortality appear only at levels above 150 ppb. The arsenic in the groundwater is of natural origin, and is released from the sediment into the groundwater, caused by the anoxic conditions of the subsurface. This groundwater was used after local and western NGOs and the Bangladeshi government undertook a massive shallow tube well drinking-water program in the late twentieth century. This program was designed to prevent drinking of bacteria-contaminated surface waters, but failed to test for arsenic in the groundwater. Many other countries and districts in Southeast Asia, such as Vietnam and Cambodia, have geological environments that produce groundwater with a high arsenic content. Arsenicosis was reported in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand in 1987, and the Chao Phraya River probably contains high levels of naturally occurring dissolved arsenic without being a public health problem because much of the public uses bottled water. ", "precise_score": -11.050315856933594, "rough_score": -9.221384048461914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "As of 2002, US-based industries consumed 19,600 metric tons of arsenic. Ninety percent of this was used for treatment of wood with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). In 2007, 50% of the 5,280 metric tons of consumption was still used for this purpose. In the United States, the voluntary phasing-out of arsenic in production of consumer products and residential and general consumer construction products began on 31 December 2003, and alternative chemicals are now used, such as Alkaline Copper Quaternary, borates, copper azole, cyproconazole, and propiconazole. ", "precise_score": -10.677665710449219, "rough_score": -8.764808654785156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Elemental arsenic and arsenic compounds are classified as \"toxic\" and \"dangerous for the environment\" in the European Union under directive 67/548/EEC.", "precise_score": -9.441596984863281, "rough_score": -8.8671293258667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Ten materials familiar to various prehistoric cultures are now known to be chemical elements: Carbon, copper, gold, iron, lead, mercury, silver, sulfur, tin, and zinc. Three additional materials now accepted as elements, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, were recognized as distinct substances prior to 1500 AD. Phosphorus, cobalt, and platinum were isolated before 1750.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.177260398864746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The primary use of metallic arsenic is in alloys of lead (for example, in car batteries and ammunition). Arsenic is a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and the optoelectronic compound gallium arsenide is the second most commonly used semiconductor after doped silicon. Arsenic and its compounds, especially the trioxide, are used in the production of pesticides, treated wood products, herbicides, and insecticides. These applications are declining, however.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.975837707519531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "A few species of bacteria are able to use arsenic compounds as respiratory metabolites. Trace quantities of arsenic are an essential dietary element in rats, hamsters, goats, chickens, and presumably many other species, including humans. However, arsenic poisoning occurs in multicellular life if quantities are larger than needed. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a problem that affects millions of people across the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.394519805908203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Black arsenic can also be formed by cooling vapor at around 100–220 °C. It is glassy and brittle. It is also a poor electrical conductor. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.815383911132812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Compounds of arsenic resemble in some respects those of phosphorus which occupies the same group (column) of the periodic table. Arsenic is less commonly observed in the pentavalent state, however. The most common oxidation states for arsenic are: −3 in the arsenides, which are alloy-like intermetallic compounds, +3 in the arsenites, and +5 in the arsenates and most organoarsenic compounds. Arsenic also bonds readily to itself as seen in the square As ions in the mineral skutterudite. In the +3 oxidation state, arsenic is typically pyramidal owing to the influence of the lone pair of electrons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.411864280700684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "One of the simplest arsenic compound is the trihydride, the highly toxic, flammable, pyrophoric arsine (AsH3). This compound is generally regarded as stable, since at room temperature it decomposes only slowly. At temperatures of 250–300 °C decomposition to arsenic and hydrogen is rapid.Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 557–8 Several factors, such as humidity, presence of light and certain catalysts (namely aluminium) facilitate the rate of decomposition. It oxidises readily in air to form arsenic trioxide and water, and analogous reactions take place with sulfur and selenium instead of oxygen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.014670372009277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The protonation steps between the arsenate and arsenic acid are similar to those between phosphate and phosphoric acid. Unlike phosphorous acid, arsenous acid is genuinely tribasic, with the formula As(OH)3.Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 572–8", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.968077659606934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "All trihalides of arsenic(III) are well known except the astatide, which is unknown. Arsenic pentafluoride (AsF5) is the only important pentahalide, reflecting the lower stability of the +5 oxidation state; even so, it is a very strong fluorinating and oxidizing agent. (The pentachloride is stable only below −50 °C, at which temperature it decomposes to the trichloride, releasing chlorine gas.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.468022346496582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Organoarsenic compounds ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297316551208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "A large variety of organoarsenic compounds are known. Several were developed as chemical warfare agents during World War I, including vesicants such as lewisite and vomiting agents such as adamsite. Cacodylic acid, which is of historic and practical interest, arises from the methylation of arsenic trioxide, a reaction that has no analogy in phosphorus chemistry. Indeed, cacodyl was the first organometallic compound known, and was named from the Greek κακωδἰα \"stink\" for its offensive odor; like all arsenic compounds, it is very poisonous.Greenwood, p. 584", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.031336784362793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Minerals with the formula MAsS and MAs2 (M = Fe, Ni, Co) are the dominant commercial sources of arsenic, together with realgar (an arsenic sulfide mineral) and native arsenic. An illustrative mineral is arsenopyrite (FeAsS), which is structurally related to iron pyrite. Many minor As-containing minerals are known. Arsenic also occurs in various organic forms in the environment. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004566192626953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "In 2014, China was the top producer of white arsenic with almost 70% world share, followed by Morocco, Russia, and Belgium, according to the British Geological Survey and the United States Geological Survey. Most arsenic refinement operations in the US and Europe have closed over environmental concerns. Arsenic is found of the smelter dust from copper, gold, and lead smelters, and is recovered primarily from copper refinement dust.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.605591773986816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "On roasting arsenopyrite in air, arsenic sublimes as arsenic(III) oxide leaving iron oxides, while roasting without air results in the production of metallic arsenic. Further purification from sulfur and other chalcogens is achieved by sublimation in vacuum, in a hydrogen atmosphere, or by distillation from molten lead-arsenic mixture. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.76545524597168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "During the Bronze Age, arsenic was often included in bronze, which made the alloy harder (so-called \"arsenical bronze\"). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.877481460571289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Cadet's fuming liquid (impure cacodyl), often claimed as the first synthetic organometallic compound, was synthesized in 1760 by Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt by the reaction of potassium acetate with arsenic trioxide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07290267944336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Two arsenic pigments have been widely used since their discovery – Paris Green and Scheele's Green. After the toxicity of arsenic became widely known, these chemicals were used less often as pigments and more often as insecticides. In the 1860s, an arsenic byproduct of dye production, London Purple was widely used. This was a solid mixture of arsenic trioxide, aniline, lime, and ferrous oxide, insoluble in water and very toxic by inhalation or ingestion But it was later replaced with Paris Green, another arsenic-based dye. With better understanding of the toxicology mechanism, two other compounds were used starting in the 1890s. Arsenite of lime and arsenate of lead were used widely as insecticides until the discovery of DDT in 1942. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.391009330749512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The toxicity of arsenic to insects, bacteria, and fungi led to its use as a wood preservative. In the 1950s, a process of treating wood with chromated copper arsenate (also known as CCA or Tanalith) was invented, and for decades, this treatment was the most extensive industrial use of arsenic. An increased appreciation of the toxicity of arsenic led to a ban of CCA in consumer products in 2004, initiated by the European Union and United States. CCA remains in heavy use in other countries, however; e.g. Malaysian rubber plantations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532980918884277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic was also used in various agricultural insecticides and poisons. For example, lead hydrogen arsenate was a common insecticide on fruit trees, but contact with the compound sometimes resulted in brain damage among those working the sprayers. In the second half of the 20th century, monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA) and disodium methyl arsenate (DSMA) – less toxic organic forms of arsenic – have replaced lead arsenate in agriculture. With the exception of cotton farming, the use of the organic arsenicals was phased out until 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.588913917541504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The biogeochemistry of arsenic is complex and includes various adsorption and desorption processes. The toxicity of arsenic is connected to its solubility and is affected by pH. Arsenite (As3+) is more soluble than arsenate (As5+) and is more toxic; however, at a lower pH, arsenate becomes more mobile and toxic. It was found that addition of S, P, and FeOx to arsenite soil greatly reduces phytotoxicity of As .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.737722396850586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic is used as a feed additive in poultry and swine production, in particular in the U.S. to increase weight gain, improve feed efficiency, and to prevent disease. An example is roxarsone, which had been used as a broiler starter by about 70% of U.S. broiler growers. The Poison-Free Poultry Act of 2009 proposed to ban the use of roxarsone in industrial swine and poultry production. Alpharma, a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc., which produces roxarsone, voluntarily suspended sales of the drug in response to studies showing elevated levels of inorganic arsenic, a carcinogen, in treated chickens. A successor to Alpharma, Zoetis, continues to sell nitarsone, primarily for use in turkeys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.623945236206055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic is intentionally added to the feed of chickens raised for human consumption. Organic arsenic compounds are less toxic than pure arsenic, and promote the growth of chickens. Under some conditions, the arsenic in chicken feed is converted to the toxic inorganic form. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274560928344727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "A 2006 study of the remains of the Australian racehorse, Phar Lap, determined that the 1932 death of the famous champion was caused by a massive overdose of arsenic. Sydney veterinarian Percy Sykes stated, \"In those days, arsenic was quite a common tonic, usually given in the form of a solution (Fowler's Solution) ... It was so common that I'd reckon 90 per cent of the horses had arsenic in their system.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.888911247253418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic trioxide has been used in a variety of ways over the past 500 years, most commonly in the treatment of cancer, but in medications as diverse as Fowler's solution in psoriasis. The US Food and Drug Administration in the year 2000 approved this compound for the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia that is resistant to all-trans retinoic acid. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.698898315429688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Recently, researchers have been locating tumors using arsenic-74 (a positron emitter). This isotope produces clearer PET scan images than the previous radioactive agent, iodine-124, because the body tends to transport iodine to the thyroid gland producing signal noise. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.144648551940918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "In subtoxic doses, soluble arsenic compounds act as stimulants, and were once popular in small doses as medicine by people in the mid-18th to 19th centuries. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.058809280395508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "* Copper acetoarsenite was used as a green pigment known under many names, including Paris Green and Emerald Green. It caused numerous arsenic poisonings. Scheele's Green, a copper arsenate, was used in the 19th century as a coloring agent in sweets. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.917587280273438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "* Arsenic is used in bronzing and pyrotechnics", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.169930458068848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "* As much as 2% of produced arsenic is used in lead alloys for lead shot and bullets. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740306854248047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "* Arsenic is added in small quantities to alpha-brass to make it dezincification-resistant. This grade of brass is used in plumbing fittings and other wet environments. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.587835311889648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "* Arsenic is also used for taxonomic sample preservation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.771512985229492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "* Until recently, arsenic was used in optical glass. Modern glass manufacturers, under pressure from environmentalists, have ceased using both arsenic and lead. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544466018676758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Although the arsenate and phosphate anions are similar structurally, no evidence exists for the replacement of phosphate in ATP or nucleic acids by arsenic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01126480102539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Some evidence indicates that arsenic is an essential trace mineral in birds (chickens), and in mammals (rats, hamsters, and goats). However, the biological function is not known. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.152739524841309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic has been linked to epigenetic changes, heritable changes in gene expression that occur without changes in DNA sequence. These include DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference. Toxic levels of arsenic cause significant DNA hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes p16 and p53, thus increasing risk of carcinogenesis. These epigenetic events have been studied in vitro using human kidney cells and in vivo using rat liver cells and peripheral blood leukocytes in humans. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used to detect precise levels of intracellular arsenic and other arsenic bases involved in epigenetic modification of DNA. Studies investigating arsenic as an epigenetic factor be used to develop precise biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.613669395446777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata) hyperaccumulates arsenic from the soil into its leaves and has a proposed use in phytoremediation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.666518211364746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Inorganic arsenic and its compounds, upon entering the food chain, are progressively metabolized through a process of methylation. For example, the mold Scopulariopsis brevicaulis produces significant amounts of trimethylarsine if inorganic arsenic is present. The organic compound arsenobetaine is found in some marine foods such as fish and algae, and also in mushrooms in larger concentrations. The average person's intake is about 10–50 µg/day. Values about 1000 µg are not unusual following consumption of fish or mushrooms, but there is little danger in eating fish because this arsenic compound is nearly non-toxic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.810243606567383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Naturally occurring sources of human exposure include volcanic ash, weathering of minerals and ores, and mineralized groundwater. Arsenic is also found in food, water, soil, and air. Arsenic is absorbed by all plants, but is more concentrated in leafy vegetables, rice, apple and grape juice, and seafood. An additional route of exposure is inhalation of atmospheric gases and dusts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.9407958984375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "In the United States, arsenic is most commonly found in the ground waters of the southwest. Parts of New England, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and the Dakotas are also known to have significant concentrations of arsenic in ground water. Increased levels of skin cancer have been associated with arsenic exposure in Wisconsin, even at levels below the 10 part per billion drinking water standard. According to a recent film funded by the US Superfund, millions of private wells have unknown arsenic levels, and in some areas of the US, more than 20% of the wells may contain levels that exceed established limits. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.047698020935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Low-level exposure to arsenic at concentrations of 100 parts per billion (i.e., above the 10 parts per billion drinking water standard) compromises the initial immune response to H1N1 or swine flu infection according to NIEHS-supported scientists. The study, conducted in laboratory mice, suggests that people exposed to arsenic in their drinking water may be at increased risk for more serious illness or death from the virus. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.701065063476562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Some Canadians are drinking water that contains inorganic arsenic. Private-dug–well waters are most at risk for containing inorganic arsenic. Preliminary well water analysis typically does not test for arsenic. Researchers at the Geological Survey of Canada have modeled relative variation in natural arsenic hazard potential for the province of New Brunswick. This study has important implications for potable water and health concerns relating to inorganic arsenic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268021583557129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Epidemiological evidence from Chile shows a dose-dependent connection between chronic arsenic exposure and various forms of cancer, in particular when other risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, are present. These effects have been demonstrated at contaminations less than 50 ppb. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.119553565979004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Analyzing multiple epidemiological studies on inorganic arsenic exposure suggests a small but measurable increase in risk for bladder cancer at 10 ppb. According to Peter Ravenscroft of the Department of Geography at the University of Cambridge, roughly 80 million people worldwide consume between 10 and 50 ppb arsenic in their drinking water. If they all consumed exactly 10 ppb arsenic in their drinking water, the previously cited multiple epidemiological study analysis would predict an additional 2,000 cases of bladder cancer alone. This represents a clear underestimate of the overall impact, since it does not include lung or skin cancer, and explicitly underestimates the exposure. Those exposed to levels of arsenic above the current WHO standard should weigh the costs and benefits of arsenic remediation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.091672897338867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Early (1973) evaluations of the processes for removing dissolved arsenic from drinking water demonstrated the efficacy of co-precipitation with either iron or aluminum oxides. In particular, iron as a coagulant was found to remove arsenic with an efficacy exceeding 90%. Several adsorptive media systems have been approved for use at point-of-service in a study funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). A team of European and Indian scientists and engineers have set up six arsenic treatment plants in West Bengal based on in-situ remediation method (SAR Technology). This technology does not use any chemicals and arsenic is left in an insoluble form (+5 state) in the subterranean zone by recharging aerated water into the aquifer and developing an oxidation zone that supports arsenic oxidizing micro-organisms. This process does not produce any waste stream or sludge and is relatively cheap. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.875615119934082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Another effective and inexpensive method to avoid arsenic contamination is to sink wells 500 feet or deeper to reach purer waters. A recent 2011 study funded by the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences' Superfund Research Program shows that deep sediments can remove arsenic and take it out of circulation. In this process, called adsorption, arsenic sticks to the surfaces of deep sediment particles and is naturally removed from the ground water. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.928449630737305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Magnetic separations of arsenic at very low magnetic field gradients with high-surface-area and monodisperse magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocrystals have been demonstrated in point-of-use water purification. Using the high specific surface area of Fe3O4 nanocrystals, the mass of waste associated with arsenic removal from water has been dramatically reduced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40296745300293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Epidemiological studies have suggested a correlation between chronic consumption of drinking water contaminated with arsenic and the incidence of all leading causes of mortality. The literature indicates that arsenic exposure is causative in the pathogenesis of diabetes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302318572998047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Chaff-based filters have recently been shown to reduce the arsenic content of water to 3 µg/L. This may find applications in areas where the potable water is extracted from underground aquifers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307116508483887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "For several centuries, the people of San Pedro de Atacama in Chile have been drinking water that is contaminated with arsenic, and some evidence suggests they have developed some immunity. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3391752243042, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Redox transformation of arsenic in natural waters ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.159035682678223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic is unique among the trace metalloids and oxyanion-forming trace metals (e.g. As, Se, Sb, Mo, V, Cr, U, Re). It is sensitive to mobilization at pH values typical of natural waters (pH 6.5–8.5) under both oxidizing and reducing conditions. Arsenic can occur in the environment in several oxidation states (−3, 0, +3 and +5), but in natural waters it is mostly found in inorganic forms as oxyanions of trivalent arsenite [As(III)] or pentavalent arsenate [As(V)]. Organic forms of arsenic are produced by biological activity, mostly in surface waters, but are rarely quantitatively important. Organic arsenic compounds may, however, occur where waters are significantly impacted by industrial pollution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532320976257324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic may be solubilized by various processes. When pH is high, arsenic may be released from surface binding sites that lose their positive charge. When water level drops and sulfide minerals are exposed to air, arsenic trapped in sulfide minerals can be released into water. When organic carbon is present in water, bacteria are fed by directly reducing As(V) to As(III) or by reducing the element at the binding site, releasing inorganic arsenic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.093648910522461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The aquatic transformations of arsenic are affected by pH, reduction-oxidation potential, organic matter concentration and the concentrations and forms of other elements, especially iron and manganese. The main factors are pH and the redox potential. Generally, the main forms of arsenic under oxic conditions are H3AsO4, H2AsO4−, HAsO42−, and AsO43− at pH 2, 2–7, 7–11 and 11, respectively. Under reducing conditions, H3AsO4 is predominant at pH 2–9.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.374505996704102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Oxidation and reduction affects the migration of arsenic in subsurface environments. Arsenite is the most stable soluble form of arsenic in reducing environments and arsenate, which is less mobile than arsenite, is dominant in oxidizing environments at neutral pH. Therefore, arsenic may be more mobile under reducing conditions. The reducing environment is also rich in organic matter which may enhance the solubility of arsenic compounds. As a result, the adsorption of arsenic is reduced and dissolved arsenic accumulates in groundwater. That is why the arsenic content is higher in reducing environments than in oxidizing environments. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.807304382324219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The presence of sulfur is another factor that affects the transformation of arsenic in natural water. Arsenic can precipitate when metal sulfides form. In this way, arsenic is removed from the water and its mobility decreases. When oxygen is present, bacteria oxidize reduced sulfur to generate energy, potentially releasing bound arsenic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038931846618652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Redox reactions involving Fe also appear to be essential factors in the fate of arsenic in aquatic systems. The reduction of iron oxyhydroxides plays a key role in the release of arsenic to water. So arsenic can be enriched in water with elevated Fe concentrations. Under oxidizing conditions, arsenic can be mobilized from pyrite or iron oxides especially at elevated pH. Under reducing conditions, arsenic can be mobilized by reductive desorption or dissolution when associated with iron oxides. The reductive desorption occurs under two circumstances. One is when arsenate is reduced to arsenite which adsorbs to iron oxides less strongly. The other results from a change in the charge on the mineral surface which leads to the desorption of bound arsenic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.594436645507812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Some species of bacteria catalyze redox transformations of arsenic. Dissimilatory arsenate-respiring prokaryotes (DARP) speed up the reduction of As(V) to As(III). DARP use As(V) as the electron acceptor of anaerobic respiration and obtain energy to survive. Other organic and inorganic substances can be oxidized in this process. Chemoautotrophic arsenite oxidizers (CAO) and heterotrophic arsenite oxidizers (HAO) convert As(III) into As(V). CAO combine the oxidation of As(III) with the reduction of oxygen or nitrate. They use obtained energy to fix produce organic carbon from CO2. HAO cannot obtain energy from As(III) oxidation. This process may be an arsenic detoxification mechanism for the bacteria. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.519113540649414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations predict that As(V) concentrations should be greater than As(III) concentrations in all but strongly reducing conditions, i.e. where SO42− reduction is occurring. However, abiotic redox reactions of arsenic are slow. Oxidation of As(III) by dissolved O2 is a particularly slow reaction. For example, Johnson and Pilson (1975) gave half-lives for the oxygenation of As(III) in seawater ranging from several months to a year. In other studies, As(V)/As(III) ratios were stable over periods of days or weeks during water sampling when no particular care was taken to prevent oxidation, again suggesting relatively slow oxidation rates. Cherry found from experimental studies that the As(V)/As(III) ratios were stable in anoxic solutions for up to 3 weeks but that gradual changes occurred over longer timescales. Sterile water samples have been observed to be less susceptible to speciation changes than non-sterile samples. Oremland found that the reduction of As(V) to As(III) in Mono Lake was rapidly catalyzed by bacteria with rate constants ranging from 0.02 to 0.3 day−1. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.452856063842773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Although discontinued, this application is also one of the most concern to the general public. The vast majority of older pressure-treated wood was treated with CCA. CCA lumber is still in widespread use in many countries, and was heavily used during the latter half of the 20th century as a structural and outdoor building material. Although the use of CCA lumber was banned in many areas after studies showed that arsenic could leach out of the wood into the surrounding soil (from playground equipment, for instance), a risk is also presented by the burning of older CCA timber. The direct or indirect ingestion of wood ash from burnt CCA lumber has caused fatalities in animals and serious poisonings in humans; the lethal human dose is approximately 20 grams of ash. Scrap CCA lumber from construction and demolition sites may be inadvertently used in commercial and domestic fires. Protocols for safe disposal of CCA lumber are not consistent throughout the world. Widespread landfill disposal of such timber raises some concern, but other studies have shown no arsenic contamination in the groundwater. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.459115982055664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "One tool that maps the location (and other information) of arsenic releases in the United State is TOXMAP. TOXMAP is a Geographic Information System (GIS) from the Division of Specialized Information Services of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) funded by the US Federal Government. With marked-up maps of the United States, TOXMAP enables users to visually explore data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory and Superfund Basic Research Programs. TOXMAP's chemical and environmental health information is taken from NLM's Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET), PubMed, and from other authoritative sources.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.805329322814941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Physical, chemical, and biological methods have been used to remediate arsenic contaminated water. Bioremediation is said to be cost effective and environmentally friendly Bioremediation of ground water contaminated with arsenic aims to convert arsenite, the toxic form of arsenic to humans, to arsenate. Arsenate (+5 oxidation state) is the dominant form of arsenic in surface water, while arsenite (+3 oxidation state) is the dominant form in hypoxic to anoxic environments. Arsenite is more soluble and mobile than arsenate. Many species of bacteria can transform arsenite to arsenate in anoxic conditions by using arsenite as an electron donor. This is a useful method in ground water remediation. Another bioremediation strategy is to use plants that accumulate arsenic in their tissues via phytoremediation but the disposal of contaminated plant material needs to be considered.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.308208465576172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic and many of its compounds are especially potent poisons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.103260040283203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recognizes arsenic and arsenic compounds as group 1 carcinogens, and the EU lists arsenic trioxide, arsenic pentoxide, and arsenate salts as category 1 carcinogens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.00180435180664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic is known to cause arsenicosis when present in drinking water, \"the most common species being arsenate [; As(V)] and arsenite [H3AsO3; As(III)]\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.68730354309082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "In the United States since 2006, the maximum concentration in drinking water allowed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is 10 ppb and the FDA set the same standard in 2005 for bottled water. The Department of Environmental Protection for New Jersey set a drinking water limit of 5 ppb in 2006. The IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) value for arsenic metal and inorganic arsenic compounds is 5 mg/m3. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set the permissible exposure limit (PEL) to a time-weighted average (TWA) of 0.01 mg/m3, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set the recommended exposure limit (REL) to a 15-minute constant exposure of 0.002 mg/m3. The PEL for organic arsenic compounds is a TWA of 0.5 mg/m3. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.495564460754395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "In 2008, based on its ongoing testing of a wide variety of American foods for toxic chemicals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration set the \"level of concern\" for inorganic arsenic apple and pear juices at 23 ppb, based on non-carcinogenic effects, and began blocking importation of products in excess of this level; it also required recalls for non-conforming domestic products. In 2011, the national Dr. Oz television show broadcast a program highlighting tests performed by an independent lab hired by the producers. Though the methodology was disputed (it did not distinguish between organic and inorganic arsenic) the tests showed levels of arsenic up to 36 ppb. In response, FDA tested the worst brand from the Dr. Oz show and found much lower levels. Ongoing testing found 95% of the apple juice samples were below the level of concern. Later testing by Consumer Reports showed inorganic arsenic at levels slightly above 10 ppb, and the organization urged parents to reduce consumption. In July 2013, on consideration of consumption by children, chronic exposure, and carcinogenic effect, the FDA established an \"action level\" of 10 ppb for apple juice, the same as the drinking water standard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.882863998413086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Concern about arsenic in rice in Bangladesh was raised in 2002, but at the time only Australia had a legal limit for food (one milligram per kilogram). Concern was raised about people who were eating U.S. rice exceeding WHO standards for personal arsenic intake in 2005. In 2011, the People's Republic of China set a food standard of 150 ppb for arsenic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226032257080078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "In the United States in 2012, testing by separate groups of researchers at the Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth College (early in the year, focusing on urinary levels in children) and Consumer Reports (in November) found levels of arsenic in rice that resulted in calls for the FDA to set limits. The FDA released some testing results in September 2012, and as of July 2013, is still collecting data in support of a new potential regulation. It has not recommended any changes in consumer behavior. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.171232223510742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "# That the EPA and FDA eliminate arsenic-containing fertilizer, drugs, and pesticides in food production; ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.383127212524414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "# That industry change production practices to lower arsenic levels, especially in food for children; and ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34814167022705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "# That consumers test home water supplies, eat a varied diet, and cook rice with excess water, then draining it off (reducing inorganic arsenic by about one third along with a slight reduction in vitamin content). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371963500976562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "# Evidence-based public health advocates also recommend that, given the lack of regulation or labeling for arsenic in the U.S., children should eat no more than 1.5 servings per week of rice and should not drink rice milk as part of their daily diet before age 5. They also offer recommendations for adults and infants on how to limit arsenic exposure from rice, drinking water, and fruit juice.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.311480522155762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic is bioaccumulative in many organisms, marine species in particular, but it does not appear to biomagnify significantly in food webs. In polluted areas, plant growth may be affected by root uptake of arsenate, which is a phosphate analog and therefore readily transported in plant tissues and cells. In polluted areas, uptake of the more toxic arsenite ion (found more particularly in reducing conditions) is likely in poorly-drained soils.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190752983093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic's toxicity comes from the affinity of arsenic(III) oxides for thiols. Thiols, in the form of cysteine residues and cofactors such as lipoic acid and coenzyme A, are situated at the active sites of many important enzymes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01617431640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Arsenic disrupts ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits lipoic acid, which is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase. By competing with phosphate, arsenate uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which, it is speculated, has potential to form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. These metabolic interferences lead to death from multi-system organ failure. The organ failure is presumed to be from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis, since energy reserves have been too depleted for apoptosis to occur.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.71381664276123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Although arsenic causes toxicity it can also play a protective role. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.517733573913574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Occupational exposure and arsenic poisoning may occur in persons working in industries involving the use of inorganic arsenic and its compounds, such as wood preservation, glass production, nonferrous metal alloys, and electronic semiconductor manufacturing. Inorganic arsenic is also found in coke oven emissions associated with the smelter industry. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.660320281982422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "The conversion between As(III) and As(V) is a large factor in arsenic environmental contamination. According to Croal, Gralnick, Malasarn and Newman, \"[the] understanding [of] what stimulates As(III) oxidation and/or limits As(V) reduction is relevant for bioremediation of contaminated sites (Croal). The study of chemolithoautotrophic As(III) oxidizers and the heterotrophic As(V) reducers can help the understanding of the oxidation and/or reduction of arsenic. It has been proposed that As(III) which is more toxic than Arsenic (V) can be removed from the ground water using baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.918374061584473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" }, { "answer": "Arsenic", "passage": "Treatment of chronic arsenic poisoning is possible. British anti-lewisite (dimercaprol) is prescribed in doses of 5 mg/kg up to 300 mg every 4 hours for the first day, then every 6 hours for the second day, and finally every 8 hours for 8 additional days. However the USA's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) states that the long-term effects of arsenic exposure cannot be predicted. Blood, urine, hair, and nails may be tested for arsenic; however, these tests cannot foresee possible health outcomes from the exposure. Long-term exposure and consequent excretion through urine has been linked to bladder and kidney cancer in addition to cancer of the liver, prostate, skin, lungs, and nasal cavity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.743997573852539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arsenic" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Thomas Jefforson", "Tom Jefferson", "Jefferson Administration", "T jefferson", "Tomas jefferson", "Third President of the United States", "T. Jefferson", "Thomas jefferson", "Tomas Jefferson", "Thomas Jefferson/First Inaugural Address", "Jefferson, Thomas", "President Thomas Jefferson", "Thomas Jefferson", "ThomasJefferson", "President Jefferson", "3rd President of the United States", "Sage of Monticello", "Thomas Jeffersson", "Thomas Jefferson/Second Inaugural Address" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "t jefferson", "jefferson thomas", "president jefferson", "tomas jefferson", "thomas jefforson", "sage of monticello", "thomas jeffersson", "third president of united states", "tom jefferson", "jefferson administration", "president thomas jefferson", "thomasjefferson", "thomas jefferson first inaugural address", "thomas jefferson", "3rd president of united states", "thomas jefferson second inaugural address" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "thomas jefferson", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Thomas Jefferson" }

[ { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "Sarah \"Sally\" Hemings ( 1773 – 1835) was an enslaved woman of mixed race owned by President Thomas Jefferson. She is believed to have had a long-term relationship and six children of record with him, of whom four survived to adulthood; and were given freedom by Jefferson. Hemings was the youngest of six siblings by the widowed planter John Wayles and his mixed-race slave Betty Hemings; Sally and her siblings were three-quarters European and half-siblings of Jefferson's wife, Martha Wayles Skelton.", "precise_score": -0.17400000989437103, "rough_score": -3.2665891647338867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "The Jefferson–Hemings controversy is related to the question of whether, after Jefferson became a widower, he had an intimate relationship with Sally Hemings, resulting in his fathering her six children of record. The controversy dates from the 1790s. A relationship between Jefferson and Hemings was first reported in 1802, by one of Jefferson’s enemies, a political journalist named James T. Callender, after he noticed several light skinned slaves at Monticello. However, Jefferson never publicly denied this accusation. In the late 20th century, historians began reanalyzing the body of evidence. In 1997, Annette Gordon-Reed published a book, Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy, that analyzed the historiography of the controversy, demonstrating how historians since the 19th century had accepted early assumptions. They favored Jefferson family testimony while criticizing Hemings family testimony as \"oral history\", and failed to note all the facts. A consensus began to emerge after the results of a DNA analysis in 1998, which showed no match between the Carr male line, proposed for more than 150 years as the father(s), and the one Hemings descendant tested. It did show a match between the Jefferson male line and the Eston Hemings descendant. ", "precise_score": -1.8523234128952026, "rough_score": -1.2159876823425293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "T jefferson", "passage": "In an interview in 2000, the historian Annette Gordon-Reed said of the change in historical scholarship about Jefferson and Hemings: \"Symbolically, it's tremendously important for people ... as a way of inclusion. Nathan Huggins said that the Sally Hemings story was a way of establishing black people's birthright to America.\"", "precise_score": 0.6665058732032776, "rough_score": -1.4896903038024902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "In 2012, the Smithsonian Institution and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation held a major exhibit at the National Museum of American History: Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty; it says that \"evidence strongly support[s] the conclusion that [Thomas] Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings' children.\" ", "precise_score": -2.621249198913574, "rough_score": -3.38075590133667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "The state secrets privilege allows the president and the executive branch to withhold information or documents from discovery in legal proceedings if such release would harm national security. Precedent for the privilege arose early in the 19th century when Thomas Jefferson refused to release military documents in the treason trial of Aaron Burr and again in Totten v. United States , when the Supreme Court dismissed a case brought by a former Union spy. However, the privilege was not formally recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court until United States v. Reynolds , where it was held to be a common law evidentiary privilege. Before the September 11 attacks, use of the privilege had been rare, but increasing in frequency. Since 2001, the government has asserted the privilege in more cases and at earlier stages of the litigation, thus in some instances causing dismissal of the suits before reaching the merits of the claims, as in the Ninth Circuit's ruling in Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc. Critics of the privilege claim its use has become a tool for the government to cover up illegal or embarrassing government actions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.110811233520508, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "T jefferson", "passage": "In 1787, Hemings, aged 14, accompanied Jefferson's youngest daughter Mary (\"Polly\") to London and then to Paris, where the widowed Jefferson, aged 44 at the time, was serving as the United States Minister to France. Hemings spent two years there. It is believed by most historians that Jefferson began a sexual relationship with Hemings either in France or soon after their return to Monticello. Hemings was a slave in Jefferson's house until his death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.016345024108887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "After Martha's death, Wayles married and was widowed twice more. Several sources assert that the widower John Wayles took his slave Betty Hemings as a concubine and had six children by her during the last 12 years of his life; the youngest of these was Sally Hemings. They were half-siblings to his daughters by his wives; his first child, Martha Wayles (named after her mother, John Wayles's first wife), married the young planter Thomas Jefferson. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.047721862792969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "In 1784, the widower Thomas Jefferson was appointed the American envoy to France; he took his oldest daughter Martha (Patsy) with him to Paris, as well as some of his personal slaves. Among them was Sally's older brother James Hemings, who became trained as a chef in French cuisine. Jefferson left his two younger daughters in the care of friends in the US. After Lucy died of whooping cough in 1787, Jefferson sent for his surviving daughter, nine-year-old Maria (Polly) Jefferson, to live with him. The teenage slave Sally Hemings was chosen to accompany Polly to France after an older slave became pregnant and could not make the journey. Originally, Jefferson arranged for Polly to \"be in the care of her nurse, a black woman, to whom she is confided with safety\" [Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Abigail Adams, Dec. 21, 1786]. According to Abigail Adams, \"The old Nurse whom you expected to have attended her, was sick and unable to come. She has a Girl about 15 or 16 with her.\" [Letter from Abigail Adams to Thomas Jefferson, June 26, 1787].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.065356731414795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "*unnamed daughter (or possibly named Thenia after Hemings' sister Thenia) (born in 1799 and died in infancy)[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/hemings-jefferson_contro.html Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: A Brief Account]. Monticello.org.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.653261184692383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "Sally Hemings' documented duties at Monticello included being a nursemaid-companion, lady's maid, chambermaid, and seamstress. It is not known whether she was literate, and she left no known writings. She was described as very fair, with \"straight hair down her back\". Jefferson's grandson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, described her as \"light colored and decidedly good looking\". As an adult she may have lived in a room in Monticello's \"South Dependencies\", a wing of the mansion which was accessible to the main house through a covered passageway.[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/appendixh.html Appendix H: Sally Hemings and Her Children]. Monticello.org.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.068970680236816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "Since 1998 and the DNA study,E. A. Foster et al., \"[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v396/n6706/full/396027a0.html Jefferson fathered slave's last child]\", Nature 396 27–28 (5 November 1998) many historians have concluded that the widower Jefferson had an intimate, long relationship with Hemings, and fathered six children with her, four of whom survived to adulthood. The Thomas Jefferson Foundation (TJF), which runs Monticello, conducted an independent historic review in 2000, as did the National Genealogical Society in 2001; scholars concluded Jefferson was probably the father of all Hemings' children. In an article that appeared in Science, eight weeks after the DNA study, Eugene Foster, the lead co-author of the DNA study, is reported to have \"made it clear that the data establish only that Thomas Jefferson was one of several candidates for the paternity of Eston Hemings\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.167993545532227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "Critics, such as the Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society (TJHS) Scholars Commission (2001), have argued against the TJF report and reached different conclusions about the DNA tests. All but one of the 13 scholars expressed considerable skepticism about the conclusions. The TJHS report suggested that Jefferson's younger brother Randolph Jefferson could have been the father, and that Hemings may have had multiple partners. Three of the Hemings children were given names from the Randolph family, relatives of Thomas Jefferson through his mother. Herbert Barger, the founder and current Director Emeritus of the TJHS and the husband of a Jefferson descendant, assisted Foster in the DNA study.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.66889476776123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "In 2008 Gordon-Reed published The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family, which explored the extended family, including James and Sally's lives in France, Monticello and Philadelphia, during Thomas Jefferson's lifetime. She was not able to find much new information about Beverly or Harriet Hemings, who left Monticello as young adults and entered the white community, probably changing their names. More documentation reveals the lives of the younger sons Madison Hemings and Eston Hemings, and of their descendants, from Madison's memoir, a wide variety of historical records, and newspaper accounts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.071497917175293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "Madison's daughter Ellen Wayles Hemings married Alexander Jackson Roberts, a graduate of Oberlin College. When their first son was young, they moved to Los Angeles, California, where the family and its descendants became leaders in the twentieth century. Their first son Frederick Madison Roberts (1879–1952) – Sally Hemings' and Jefferson's great-grandson – was the first person of known black ancestry elected to public office on the West Coast: he served for nearly 20 years in the California State Assembly from 1919 to 1934. Their second son William Giles Roberts was also a leader. Their descendants have had a strong tradition of college education and public service.[http://www.americanheritage.com/content/thomas-jefferson%E2%80%99s-unknown-grandchildren Fawn M. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson's Unknown Grandchildren: A Study in Historical Silences], American Heritage Magazine, Jun 1976, Vol. 27:Issue 6, accessed March 26, 2014", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.640966415405273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "1&id4558 Letter from J. W. Jefferson], Wisconsin State Historical Society After the war, John Jefferson returned to Wisconsin, where he wrote frequently for newspapers and published accounts about his war experiences. He later moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he became a successful and wealthy cotton broker. He never married or had known children,[http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1976/6/1976_6_28.shtml Thomas Jefferson's unknown grandchildren] Fawn Brodie, American Heritage Magazine, October 1976Lewis, Jan. Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture. University of Virginia Press (1999), p. 169. and left a sizeable estate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.83882999420166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "Eston's second son Beverley Jefferson also served in the regular Union Army. After operating the American Hotel with his brother John, he later separately operated the Capital Hotel. He also built a successful horse-drawn \"omnibus\" business. He and his wife Anna M. Smith had five sons, three of whom reached the professional class as a physician, attorney, and manager in the railroad industry. According to his 1908 obituary, Beverly Jefferson was \"a likeable character at the Wisconsin capital, and a familiar of statesmen for half a century\". His friend Augustus J. Munson wrote, \"Beverly Jefferson['s] death deserves more than a passing notice, as he was a grandson of Thomas Jefferson ... [He] was one of God's noblemen - gentle, kind, courteous, charitable.\" Beverley and Anna's great-grandson John Weeks Jefferson is the Eston Hemings descendant whose DNA was tested in 1998; it matched the Y-chromosome of the Thomas Jefferson male line. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.528962135314941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sally Hemings" }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "passage": "nf22_zMVdqsC&dq \"Mr. Jefferson and the giant moose: natural history in early America\"], Lee Alan Dugatkin. University of Chicago Press, 2009. ISBN 0-226-16914-6, ISBN 978-0-226-16914-9. University of Chicago Press, 2009. Chapter x. Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia was perhaps the first influential domestic cultural critique by an American and a reactionary piece to the prevailing European consensus that America's domestic originality was degenerate. Prevalent ideas and ideals that evolved domestically, such as national holidays, uniquely American sports, military tradition, and innovations in the arts and entertainment give a strong sense of national pride among the population as a whole.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.048376083374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Americans" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment", "APPLE", "An apple" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "ariane passenger payload experiment", "apple" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "apple", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "An apple" }

[ { "answer": "An apple", "passage": "On 18 November 1307, Tell visited Altdorf with his young son and passed by the hat, publicly refusing to bow to it, and was arrested. Gessler—intrigued by Tell's famed marksmanship but resentful of his defiance—devised a cruel punishment. Tell and his son were to be executed. However, he could redeem his life by shooting an apple off of his son, Robert's head in a single attempt. Tell split the apple with a bolt from his crossbow. ", "precise_score": 4.1025190353393555, "rough_score": 6.481097221374512, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" }, { "answer": "An apple", "passage": "The Danish legend of Palnatoki, first attested in the twelfth-century Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus. is the earliest known parallel to the Tell legend. As with William Tell, Palnatoki is forced by the ruler, (in this case King Harald Bluetooth), to shoot an apple off his son's head as proof of his marksmanship. A striking similarity between William Tell and Palnatoki is that both heroes take more than one arrow out of their quiver. When asked why he pulled several arrows out of his quiver, Palnatoki, too, replies that if he had struck his son with the first arrow, he would have shot King Harald with the remaining two arrows.", "precise_score": 3.7693231105804443, "rough_score": 5.790583610534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" }, { "answer": "APPLE", "passage": "Several accounts of the Tell legend exist. The earliest sources give an account of the apple shot, Tell's escape, and the ensuing rebellion. The assassination of Gessler is not mentioned in the Tellenlied but is already present in the White Book of Sarnen account.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.556637287139893, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" }, { "answer": "APPLE", "passage": "The legend as told by Tschudi (ca. 1570) essentially follows the account in the White Book, but adds further detail, such as Tell's given name Wilhelm, his being from Bürglen, and the precise date of the apple-shot of 18 November 1307.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.106894493103027, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" }, { "answer": "APPLE", "passage": "An equally early account of Tell is found in the Tellenlied, a song composed in the 1470s, with its oldest extant manuscript copy dating to 1501. The song begins with the Tell legend, which it presents as the origin of the Confederacy, calling Tell the \"first confederate\". The narrative includes Tell's apple-shot, his preparation of a second arrow to shoot Gessler, and his escape, but it does not mention any assassination of Gessler.Rochus von Liliencron, Historische Volkslieder der Deutschen, vol. 2 (1866), no. 147, cited by Rochholz (1877), p. 187; c.f. Bergier, p. 70–71.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.434574127197266, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" }, { "answer": "An apple", "passage": "In 1858, the Swiss Colonization Society, a group of Swiss and German immigrants to the United States, founded its first (and only) planned city on the banks of the Ohio River in Perry County, Indiana. The town was originally dubbed Helvetia, but was quickly changed to Tell City to honor the legendary Swiss hero. The city became known for its manufacturing, especially of fine wood furniture. William Tell and symbols of an apple with an arrow through it are prominent in the town which includes a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_William_Tell_and_his_son,_City_Hall,_Tell_City,_Indiana_(looking_to_the_east,_northeast).jpg bronze statue of Tell and his son], based on the one in Altdorf, Switzerland. The [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Silhouette_of_statue_of_William_Tell_and_his_son,_Tell_City,_Indiana_(looking_to_the_west,_southwest).jpg statue] was erected on a fountain in front of city hall in 1974. Tell City High School uses these symbols in its crest or logo, and the sports teams are called \"The Marksmen.\" The William Tell Overture is often played by the school's pep band at high school games. Each August since 1958, Tell City's centennial year, the town has held \"Schweizer Fest,\" a community festival of entertainment, stage productions, historical presentations, carnival rides, beer garden, sporting events and class reunions, to honor its Swiss-German heritage. Many of the activities occur on the grounds of City Hall and Main Street, at the feet of the Tell statue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.058865536004304886, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" }, { "answer": "APPLE", "passage": "Following a national competition, won by Richard Kissling, Altdorf in 1895 erected a monument to its hero. Kissling casts Tell as a peasant and man of the mountains, with strong features and muscular limbs. His powerful hand rests lovingly on the shoulder of little Walter, but the apple is not shown. The depiction is in marked contrast with that used by the Helvetic Republic, where Tell is shown as a landsknecht rather than a peasant, with a sword at his belt and a feathered hat, bending down to pick up his son who is still holding the apple.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2306296825408936, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" }, { "answer": "An apple", "passage": "The story of a great outlaw successfully shooting an apple from his child's head is an archetype present in the story of Egil in the Thidreks saga (associated with the god Ullr in Eddaic tradition) as well as in the stories of Adam Bell from England, Palnatoki from Denmark and a story from Holstein.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.283119201660156, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" }, { "answer": "An apple", "passage": "Rochholz (1877) connects the similarity of the Tell legend to the stories of Egil and Palnatoki with the legends of a migration from Sweden to Switzerland during the Middle Ages. He also adduces parallels in folktales among the Finns and the Lapps (Sami). From pre-Christian Norse mythology, Rochholz compares Ullr, who bears the epithet of Boga-As (\"bow-god\"), Heimdall and also Odin himself, who according to the Gesta Danorum (Book 1, chapter 8.16) assisted Haddingus by shooting ten bolts from a crossbow in one shot, killing as many foes. Rochholz further compares Indo-European and oriental traditions and concludes (pp. 35–41) that the legend of the master marksman shooting an apple (or similar small target) was known outside the Germanic sphere (Germany, Scandinavia, England) and the adjacent regions (Finland and the Baltic) in India, Arabia, Persia and the Balkans (Serbia).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2216815948486328, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Tell" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States. Idaho is the 14th largest, the 39th most populous, and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 United States. The estimated population is 1,654,930 and the state has an area of 83569 sqmi. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called \"Idahoans\". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state.", "precise_score": 0.5537896752357483, "rough_score": -0.13260586559772491, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho is a mountainous state with an area larger than that of all of New England. It borders the US states of Montana to the northeast, Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington and Oregon to the west. To the north, it shares a 45 mi (72 km) international border with the Canadian province of British Columbia, the shortest such land border of any state. The network of dams and locks on the Columbia River and Snake River make the city of Lewiston the farthest inland seaport on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States.", "precise_score": -10.757294654846191, "rough_score": -10.529010772705078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho's nickname is the \"Gem State\", because nearly every known type of gemstone has been found there. In addition, Idaho is one of only two places in the world where star garnets can be found in any significant quantities, the other being India. Idaho is sometimes called the \"Potato State\" owing to its popular and widely distributed crop. The state motto is Esto Perpetua (Latin for \"Let it be forever\" or \"Let it endure forever\").", "precise_score": -3.218259811401367, "rough_score": -7.011433124542236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The exact origin of the name remains a mystery. In the early 1860s, when the United States Congress was considering organizing a new territory in the Rocky Mountains, eccentric lobbyist George M. Willing suggested the name \"Idaho\", which he claimed was derived from a Shoshone language term meaning \"the sun comes from the mountains\" or \"gem of the mountains\". Willing later claimed that he had simply invented the name. Congress ultimately decided to name the area Colorado Territory when it was created in February 1861. Thinking they would get a jump on the name, locals named a community in Colorado \"Idaho Springs\".", "precise_score": -10.354634284973145, "rough_score": -7.635512351989746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "However, the name \"Idaho\" did not fall into obscurity. The same year Congress created Colorado Territory, a county called Idaho County was created in eastern Washington Territory. The county was named after a steamship named Idaho, which was launched on the Columbia River in 1860. It is unclear whether the steamship was named before or after Willing's claim was revealed. Regardless, a portion of Washington Territory, including Idaho County, was used to create Idaho Territory in 1863. ", "precise_score": -10.893735885620117, "rough_score": -10.484185218811035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho borders six US states and one Canadian province. The states of Washington and Oregon are to the west, Nevada and Utah are to the south, and Montana and Wyoming are to the east. Idaho also shares a short border with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. The landscape is rugged with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas in the United States. For example, at 2.3 million acres (930,000 ha), the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area is the largest contiguous area of protected wilderness in the continental United States. Idaho is a Rocky Mountain state with abundant natural resources and scenic areas. The state has snow-capped mountain ranges, rapids, vast lakes and steep canyons. The waters of the Snake River rush through Hells Canyon, the deepest gorge in the United States. Shoshone Falls plunges down rugged cliffs from a height greater than that of Niagara Falls. The major rivers in Idaho are the Snake River, the Clark Fork/Pend Oreille River, the Clearwater River, and the Salmon River. Other significant rivers include the Coeur d'Alene River, the Spokane River, the Boise River, and the Payette River. The Salmon River empties into the Snake in Hells Canyon and forms the southern boundary of Nez Perce County on its north shore, of which Lewiston is the county seat. The Port of Lewiston, at the confluence of the Clearwater and the Snake Rivers is the farthest inland seaport on the West Coast at 465 river miles from the Pacific at Astoria, Oregon. ", "precise_score": -10.902885437011719, "rough_score": -10.525846481323242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho, as part of the Oregon Country, was claimed by both the United States and Great Britain until the United States gained undisputed jurisdiction in 1846. From 1843 to 1849, present-day Idaho was under the de facto jurisdiction of the Provisional Government of Oregon. When Oregon became a state, what is now Idaho was in what remained of the original Oregon Territory not part of the new state, and designated as the Washington Territory.", "precise_score": -10.069768905639648, "rough_score": -9.494105339050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Between then and the creation of the Idaho Territory on March 4, 1863, at Lewiston, parts of the present-day state were included in the Oregon, Washington, and Dakota Territories. The new territory included present-day Idaho, Montana, and most of Wyoming. The Lewis and Clark expedition crossed Idaho in 1805 on the way to the Pacific and in 1806 on the return, largely following the Clearwater River both directions. The first non-indigenous settlement was Kullyspell House, established on the shore of Lake Pend Oreille for fur trading in 1809 by David Thompson of the North West Company. In 1812 Donald Mackenzie, working for the Pacific Fur Company at the time, established a post on the lower Clearwater River near present-day Lewiston. This post, known as \"MacKenzie's Post\" or \"Clearwater\", operated until the Pacific Fur Company was bought out by the North West Company in 1813, after which it was abandoned. The first attempts at organized communities, within the present borders of Idaho, were established in 1860. The first permanent, substantial incorporated community was Lewiston in 1861.", "precise_score": -10.543661117553711, "rough_score": -9.05174446105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "After some tribulation as a territory, including the chaotic transfer of the territorial capital from Lewiston to Boise, disenfranchisement of Mormon polygamists upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1877, and a federal attempt to split the territory between Washington Territory which gained statehood in 1889, a year before Idaho, and the state of Nevada which had been a state since 1864, Idaho achieved statehood in 1890. The economy of the state, which had been primarily supported by metal mining, shifted towards agriculture, forest products and tourism.", "precise_score": -8.388662338256836, "rough_score": -8.440376281738281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho is served by three transcontinental railroads. The Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) connects the Idaho Panhandle with Seattle, Portland, and Spokane to the west, and Minneapolis and Chicago to the east. The BNSF travels through Kootenai, Bonner, and Boundary counties. The Union Pacific Railroad crosses North Idaho entering from Canada through Boundary and Bonner, and proceeding to Spokane. Canadian Pacific Railway uses Union Pacific Railroad tracks in North Idaho carrying products from Alberta to Spokane and Portland, Oregon. Amtrak's Empire Builder crosses northern Idaho, with its only stop being in Sandpoint. Montana Rail Link also operates between Billings, Montana and Sandpoint, Idaho.", "precise_score": -10.887126922607422, "rough_score": -10.35470199584961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "All of Idaho's state laws are contained in the Idaho Code. The code is amended through the Legislature with the approval of the governor. Idaho still operates under its original (1889) state constitution.", "precise_score": -10.234979629516602, "rough_score": -10.325778007507324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The governor of Idaho serves a four-year term, and is elected during what is nationally referred to as midterm elections. As such, the governor is not elected in the same election year as the president of the United States. The current governor is Republican CL \"Butch\" Otter, who was elected in 2006, and re-elected in 2010 and 2014.", "precise_score": -11.096295356750488, "rough_score": -10.588008880615234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Three counties were first designated as such by the Washington Territorial Legislature in 1861; they were subsequently redesignated as Idaho counties in 1864. The 1861 Nez Percé county has since been broken up into Nez Percé, Lewis, Boundary, Benewah, Latah, Kootenai, and Clearwater counties.", "precise_score": -11.066472053527832, "rough_score": -10.232278823852539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "After the Civil War, many Midwestern and Southern Democrats moved to the Idaho Territory. As a result, the early territorial legislatures were solidly Democrat-controlled. In contrast, most of the territorial governors were appointed by Republican presidents and were Republicans themselves. This led to sometimes-bitter clashes between the two parties, including a range war with the Democrats backing the sheepherders and the Republicans the cattlemen. That ended with the \"Diamondfield\" Jack Davis murder trial. In the 1880s, Republicans became more prominent in local politics.", "precise_score": -10.830391883850098, "rough_score": -10.543137550354004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "In 1864, Clinton DeWitt Smith removed the territorial seal and the state constitution from a locked safe, and took them to Boise. This effectively moved the capital from where they were stored (Lewiston, Idaho) to the current capital Boise, Idaho. ", "precise_score": -10.734458923339844, "rough_score": -10.685619354248047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Since statehood, the Republican Party has usually been the dominant party in Idaho, as there was a polar shift in social and political stance between the two parties, when the Democrats became more liberal and the Republicans more conservative. At one time, Idaho had two Democratic parties, one being the mainstream and the other called the Anti-Mormon Democrats, lasting into the early 20th century. In the 1890s and early 1900s, the Populist Party enjoyed prominence while the Democratic Party maintained a brief dominance in the 1930s during the Great Depression. Since World War II, most statewide elected officials have been Republicans. The last time the Democratic Party held a majority in either house of the state legislature was the House of Representatives in 1958 by one seat. However, Democrats did hold the governorship from 1971 to 1995, despite the state's Republican tilt.", "precise_score": -10.671192169189453, "rough_score": -9.940779685974121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "In modern times, Idaho has been a reliably Republican state in presidential politics as well. It has not supported a Democrat for president since 1964. Even in that election, Lyndon Johnson defeated Barry Goldwater in the state by fewer than two percentage points, compared to a landslide nationally. In 2004, Republican George W. Bush carried Idaho by a margin of 38 percentage points and with 68.4% of the vote, winning in 43 of 44 counties. Only Blaine County, which contains the Sun Valley ski resort, supported John Kerry, who owns a home in the area. In 2008 Barack Obama's 36.1 percent showing was the best for a Democratic presidential candidate in Idaho since 1976. However, Republican margins were narrower in 1992 and 1976.", "precise_score": -10.951931953430176, "rough_score": -10.748499870300293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The Idaho State Board of Education oversees three comprehensive universities. The University of Idaho in Moscow was the first university in the state (founded in 1889). It opened its doors in 1892 and is the land-grant institution and primary research university of the state. Idaho State University in Pocatello opened in 1901 as the Academy of Idaho, attained four-year status in 1947 and university status in 1963. Boise State University is the most recent school to attain university status in Idaho. The school opened in 1932 as Boise Junior College and became Boise State University in 1974. Lewis-Clark State College in Lewiston is the only public, non-university 4-year college in Idaho. It opened as a normal school in 1893.", "precise_score": -9.53311824798584, "rough_score": -8.013015747070312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Despite this lack of evidence for the origin of the name, many textbooks well into the 20th century repeated as fact Willing's account that the name \"Idaho\" derived from the Shoshone term \"ee-da-how\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386643409729004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The name \"Idaho\" may be derived from the Plains Apache word \"ídaahę́\", which means \"enemy.\" The Comanches used this word to refer to the Idaho Territory. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.412054061889648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "A 1956 Idaho history textbook says:\"Idaho\" is a Shoshoni Indian exclamation. The word consists of three parts. The first is \"Ee\", which in English conveys the idea of \"coming down\". The second is \"dah\" which is the Shoshoni stem or root for both \"sun\" and \"mountain\". The third syllable, \"how\", denotes the exclamation and stands for the same thing in Shoshoni that the exclamation mark (!) does in the English language. The Shoshoni word is \"Ee-dah-how\", and the Indian thought thus conveyed when translated into English means, \"Behold! the sun coming down the mountain. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265518188476562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "According to local knowledge, the name Idaho originated from the Nez Perce language and stands for \"the Land of many Waters\", a kidney-shaped drainage area in north central Idaho in which a multitude of rivers come together. These rivers include the Snake, the Salmon, the Clearwater, North Fork Clearwater River, the Selway, and more. The famed steamboat was probably named 'Idaho' because it voyaged along the Columbia river to \"the Land of many Waters\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308232307434082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho's highest point is Borah Peak, 12662 ft, in the Lost River Range north of Mackay. Idaho's lowest point, 710 ft, is in Lewiston, where the Clearwater River joins the Snake River and continues into Washington. The Sawtooth Range is often considered Idaho's most famous mountain range. Other mountain ranges in Idaho include the Bitterroot Range, the White Cloud Mountains, the Lost River Range, the Clearwater Mountains, and the Salmon River Mountains.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.105912208557129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho has two time zones, with the dividing line approximately midway between Canada and Nevada. Southern Idaho, including the Boise metropolitan area, Idaho Falls, Pocatello, and Twin Falls, are in the Mountain Time Zone. A legislative error ( §264) theoretically placed this region in the Central Time Zone, but this was corrected with a 2007 amendment. Areas north of the Salmon River, including Coeur d'Alene, Moscow, Lewiston, and Sandpoint, are in the Pacific Time Zone, which contains less than a quarter of the state's population and land area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307038307189941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho has much variation in its climate. Although the state's western border is located about from the Pacific Ocean, the maritime influence is still felt in Idaho, especially in the winter when cloud cover, humidity, and precipitation are at their maximum extent. This influence has a moderating effect in the winter where temperatures are not as low as would otherwise be expected for a northern state with predominantly high elevations. The maritime influence is least prominent in the eastern part of the state where the precipitation patterns are often reversed, with wetter summers and drier winters, and seasonal temperature differences more extreme, showing a more semi-arid continental climate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20323371887207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Climate in Idaho can be hot, although extended periods over 98 °F for the maximum temperature are rare, except for the lowest point in elevation, Lewiston, which correspondingly sees very little snow. Hot summer days are tempered by the low relative humidity and cooler evenings during summer months since, for most of the state, the highest diurnal difference in temperature is often in the summer. Winters can be cold, although extended periods of bitter cold weather below zero are unusual. This is what led the railroad tycoon Harriman family to develop the famous ski resort, Sun Valley. Idaho's all-time highest temperature of 118 F was recorded at Orofino on July 28, 1934; the all-time lowest temperature of was recorded at Island Park Dam on January 18, 1943.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277985572814941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "* Bear Lake (Idaho-Utah)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433939933776855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Humans may have been present in the Idaho area as long as 14,500 years ago. Excavations at Wilson Butte Cave near Twin Falls in 1959 revealed evidence of human activity, including arrowheads, that rank among the oldest dated artifacts in North America. American Indian peoples predominant in the area included the Nez Percé in the north and the Northern and Western Shoshone in the south.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226020812988281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho was one of the hardest hit of the Pacific Northwest states during the Great Depression. Prices plummeted for Idaho's major crops: in 1932 a bushel of potatoes brought only $.10 compared to $1.51 in 1919, while Idaho farmers saw their annual income of $686 in 1929 drop to $250 by 1932. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13914680480957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "In recent years, Idaho has expanded its commercial base as a tourism and agricultural state to include science and technology industries. Science and technology have become the largest single economic center (over 25% of the state's total revenue) within the state and are greater than agriculture, forestry and mining combined. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.176889419555664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The Idaho State Historical Society and numerous local historical societies and museums preserve and promote Idaho's cultural heritage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.248760223388672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Idaho was 1,654,930 on July 1, 2015, a 5.57% increase since 2010. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232287406921387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "11.2% of Idaho's population was of Hispanic or Latino (they may be of any race). As of 2011, 27.2% of Idaho's children under the age of one belonged to racial or ethnic minority groups, meaning that they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.500731468200684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho had an estimated population of 1,654,930 in 2015, which was an increase of 20,466, from the prior year and an increase of 87,348, or 5.57%, since 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 58,884 people (that is 111,131 births minus 52,247 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 75,795 people into the state. There are large numbers of Americans of English and German ancestry in Idaho. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 14,522 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 61,273 people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23569107055664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "This made Idaho the sixth fastest-growing state after Arizona, Nevada, Florida, Georgia, and Utah. From 2004 to 2005, Idaho grew the third-fastest, surpassed only by Nevada and Arizona.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234354972839355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Nampa, about west of downtown Boise, became the state's second largest city in the late 1990s, passing Pocatello and Idaho Falls. Nampa's population was under 29, 000 in 1990 and grew to over 81, 000 by 2010. Located between Nampa and Boise, Meridian also experienced high growth, from under 10 000 residents in 1990 to over 75 000 in 2010 and is now Idaho's third largest city. Growth of 5% or more over the same period has also been observed in Caldwell, Coeur d'Alene, Post Falls, and Twin Falls. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.932700157165527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "From 1990 to 2010, Idaho's population increased by over 560 000 (55%).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41307258605957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The Boise Metropolitan Area (officially known as the Boise City-Nampa, ID Metropolitan Statistical Area) is Idaho's largest metropolitan area. Other metropolitan areas in order of size are Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Falls, Pocatello and Lewiston.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.006505012512207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "As of 2006, six official micropolitan statistical areas are based in Idaho. Twin Falls is the largest of these.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351747512817383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The center of population of Idaho is located in Custer County, in the town of Stanley. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47855281829834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "According to a report produced by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, the self-identified religious affiliations of Idahoans over the age of 18 as of 2008 are: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.477157592773438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho is an important agricultural state, producing nearly one-third of the potatoes grown in the United States. All three varieties of wheat, dark northern spring, hard red, and soft white are grown in the state. Nez Perce County is considered a premier soft white growing locale.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.910752296447754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Important industries in Idaho are food processing, lumber and wood products, machinery, chemical products, paper products, electronics manufacturing, silver and other mining, and tourism. The world's largest factory for barrel cheese, the raw product for processed cheese is located in Gooding, Idaho. It has a capacity of 120,000 metric tons per year of barrel cheese and belongs to the Glanbia group. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is the largest Department of Energy facility in the country, and one of the most contaminated from years of nuclear weapons related processing and haphazard storage of chemical and radioactive waste. It contains every known type of nuclear waste and receives nearly one billion dollars annually from the DOE budget for cleaning up previous contamination, and managing storage of remaining above ground nuclear waste. INL is an important part of the eastern Idaho economy. Idaho also is home to three facilities of Anheuser-Busch which provide a large part of the malt for breweries located across the nation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272784233093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Locally, a variety of industries are important. Outdoor recreation is a common example ranging from numerous snowmobile and downhill and cross-country ski areas in winter to the evolution of Lewiston as a retirement community based on mild winters, dry, year-round climate and one of the lowest median wind velocities anywhere, combined with the rivers for a wide variety of activities. Other examples would be ATK Corporation, which operates three ammunition and ammunition components plants in Lewiston. Two are sporting and one is defense contract. The Lewis-Clark valley has an additional independent ammunition components manufacturer and the Chipmunk rifle factory until it was purchased in 2007 by Keystone Sporting Arms and production was moved to Milton, Pennsylvania. Four of the world's six welded aluminum jet boat (for running river rapids) manufacturers are in the Lewiston-Clarkston, WAvalley. Wine grapes were grown between Kendrick and Juliaetta in the Idaho Panhandle by the French Rothschilds until Prohibition. In keeping with this, while there are no large wineries or breweries in Idaho, there are numerous and growing numbers of award winning boutique wineries and microbreweries in the northern part of the state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031538963317871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Today, the largest industry in Idaho is the science and technology sector. It accounts for over 25% of the state's total revenue and over 70% of the state's exports. Idaho's industrial economy is growing, with high-tech products leading the way. Since the late 1970s, Boise has emerged as a center for semiconductor manufacturing. Boise is the home of Micron Technology, the only U.S. manufacturer of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chips. Micron at one time manufactured desktop computers, but with very limited success. Hewlett-Packard has operated a large plant in Boise since the 1970s, which is devoted primarily to LaserJet printers production. Clearwater Analytics is another rapidly growing investment accounting and reporting software firm headquartered in Boise, reporting on over $1 trillion in assets. ON Semiconductor, whose worldwide headquarters in Pocatello, is a widely recognized innovator in modern integrated mixed-signal semiconductor products, mixed-signal foundry services, and structured digital products. Coldwater Creek, a women's clothing retailer, is headquartered in Sandpoint. Sun Microsystems (now a part of Oracle Corporation) has two offices in Boise and a parts depot in Pocatello. Sun brings $4 million in annual salaries and over $300 million of revenue to the state each year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.889245986938477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "A number of Fortune 500 companies started in or trace their roots to Idaho, including Safeway in American Falls, Albertsons in Boise, JR Simplot across southern Idaho, and Potlatch Corp. in Lewiston. Zimmerly Air Transport in Lewiston-Clarkston was one of the five companies in the merger centered around Varney Air Lines of Pasco, Washington, which became United Airlines and subsequently Varney Air Group that became Continental Airlines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.184478759765625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The state personal income tax ranges from 1.6% to 7.8% in eight income brackets. Idahoans may apply for state tax credits for taxes paid to other states, as well as for donations to Idaho state educational entities and some nonprofit youth and rehabilitation facilities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433309555053711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "In 2014, Idaho emerged as the second most small business friendly state, ranking behind Utah, based on a study drawing upon data from over 12,000 small business owners. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.093713760375977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho has a state gambling lottery which contributed $333.5 million in payments to all Idaho public schools and Idaho higher education from 1990 to 2006. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375398635864258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The energy landscape of Idaho is favorable to the development of renewable energy systems. The state is rich in renewable energy resources but has limited fossil fuel resources. The Snake River Plain and smaller river basins provide Idaho with some of the best hydroelectric power resources in the nation and its geologically active mountain areas have significant geothermal power and wind power potential. These realities have shaped much of the state's current energy landscape.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.271699905395508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Most of the energy consumed in Idaho is imported from other states. Imports account for more than 80% of total energy consumption, including all of Idaho's natural gas and petroleum supplies and more than half of its electricity. Of the electricity consumed in Idaho in 2005, 48% came from hydroelectricity, 42% was generated by burning coal and 9% was generated by burning natural gas. The remainder came from other renewable sources such as wind. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.388606071472168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The state's numerous river basins allow hydroelectric power plants to provide 556,000 MWh, which amounts to about three-fourths of Idaho's electricity generated in the state. Washington State provides most of the natural gas used in Idaho through one of the two major pipeline systems supplying the state. Although the state relies on out-of-state sources for its entire natural gas supply, it uses natural gas-fired plants to generate 127,000 MWh, or about ten percent of its output. Coal-fired generation and the state's small array of wind turbines supplies the remainder of the state's electricity output. The state produces 739,000 MWh but still needs to import half of its electricity from out-of-state to meet demand. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.865875244140625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "While Idaho's 515 trillion BTU total energy consumption is low compared with other states and represents just 0.5% of United States consumption, the state also has the nation's 11th smallest population, 1.5 million, so its per capita energy consumption of 352 million Btu is currently just above the national average of 333 million Btu. As the 13th‑largest state in terms of land area (83,570 sq. mi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97567367553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "In addition, Idaho also has the 6th fastest growing population in the United States with the population expected to increase by 31% from 2008 to 2030. This projected increase in population will contribute to a 42% increase in demand by 2030, further straining Idaho's finite hydroelectric resources. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393006324768066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho has an upper-boundary estimate of development potential to generate 44,320 GWh/year from 18,076 MW of wind power, and 7,467,000 GWh/year from solar power using 2,061,000 MW of photovoltaics (PV), including 3,224 MW of rooftop photovoltaics, and 1,267,000 MW of concentrated solar power. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472383499145508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The Idaho Transportation Department is the government agency responsible for Idaho's transportation infrastructure, including operations and maintenance as well as planning for future needs. The agency is also responsible for overseeing the disbursement of federal, state, and grant funding for the transportation programs of the state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.200888633728027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho is among the few states in the nation without a major freeway linking its two largest metropolitan areas, Boise in the south and Coeur d'Alene in the north. U.S. Route 95 (US-95) links the two ends of the state, but like many other highways in Idaho, it is badly in need of repair and upgrade. In 2007, the Idaho Transportation Department stated that the state's highway infrastructure faces a $200 million per year shortfall in maintenance and upgrades. I-84 is the main highway linking the southeast and southwest portions of the state, along with I-86 and I-15.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.091235160827637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Major federal aid highways in Idaho:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410507202148438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Major airports include the Boise Airport serving the southwest region of Idaho, and the Spokane International Airport (located in Spokane, Washington), which serves northern Idaho. Other airports with scheduled service are the Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport serving the Palouse; the Lewiston-Nez Perce County Airport, serving the Lewis-Clark Valley and north central and west central Idaho; The Magic Valley Regional Airport in Twin Falls; the Idaho Falls Regional Airport; and the Pocatello Regional Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360408782958984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The Union Pacific Railroad also crosses southern Idaho traveling between Portland, Oregon, Green River, Wyoming, and Ogden, Utah and serves Boise, Nampa, Twin Falls, and Pocatello. There has been a recent call to return Amtrak service to southern Idaho.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.867748260498047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The constitution of Idaho is roughly modeled on the national constitution with several additions. The constitution defines the form and functions of the state government, and may be amended through plebiscite. Notably, the state constitution presently requires the state government to maintain a balanced budget. As result, Idaho has limited debt (construction bonds, etc.).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.063720703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho Code", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.5035982131958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The constitution of Idaho provides for three branches of government: the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Idaho has a bicameral legislature, elected from 35 legislative districts, each represented by one senator and two representatives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302593231201172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho's government has an alcohol monopoly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478001594543457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho's legislature is part-time. However, the session may be extended if necessary, and often is. Because of this, Idaho's legislators are considered \"citizen legislators\", meaning that their position as a legislator is not their main occupation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.428293228149414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The Idaho Legislature has been continuously controlled by the Republican Party since the late 1950s, although Democratic legislators are routinely elected from Boise, Pocatello, Blaine County and the northern Panhandle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14271354675293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "See also List of Idaho senators and representatives", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377572059631348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The highest court in Idaho is the Idaho Supreme Court. There is also an intermediate appellate court, the Idaho Court of Appeals, which hears cases assigned to it from the Supreme Court. The state's District Courts serve seven judicial districts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352463722229004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. Since 1919 there are 44 counties in the state, ranging in size from 410 to 8 502 square miles (1 062 to 22 020 square kilometers).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.855154991149902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho license plates begin with a county designation based on the first letter of the county's name. Where a letter is at the beginning of more than one name, a number accompanies precedingly in alphabetical order. This reflects an anomalous coincidental situation wherein 10 counties begin with B, seven with C and four with L, which is 21 of the 44 counties.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417451858520508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho Congressional delegations have also been generally Republican since statehood. Several Idaho Democrats have had electoral success in the House over the years, but the Senate delegation has been a Republican stronghold for decades. Several Idaho Republicans, including current Senator Mike Crapo, have won reelection to the Senate, but only Frank Church has won reelection as a Democrat. Church was the last Idaho Democrat to win a U.S. Senate race, in 1974. Walt Minnick's 2008 win in the First Congressional District was the state's first Democratic Congressional victory in 16 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.780950546264648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "In the 2006 elections, Republicans, led by gubernatorial candidate CL \"Butch\" Otter, won all the state's constitutional offices and retained both of the state's seats in the United States House of Representatives. However, Democrats picked up several seats in the Idaho Legislature, notably in the Boise area. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.977767944335938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "* Idaho Falls – location of the main offices of the Idaho National Laboratory", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499528884887695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "* Pocatello – home of Idaho State University", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.321908950805664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "* Meridian – suburb of Boise, fastest growing city in Idaho", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.516374588012695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "* Caldwell – home of the College of Idaho", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424554824829102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "* Coeur d'Alene – home of North Idaho College, major tourist hub", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468724250793457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "* Twin Falls – home of College of Southern Idaho, BASE jumping", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4994478225708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho has three regional community colleges: North Idaho College in Coeur d'Alene; College of Southern Idaho in Twin Falls; and College of Western Idaho in Nampa, which opened in 2009. A public technical college, Eastern Idaho Technical College, operates in Idaho Falls.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377374649047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Private institutions in Idaho are Boise Bible College, affiliated with congregations of the Christian churches and churches of Christ; Brigham Young University-Idaho in Rexburg, which is affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and a sister college to Brigham Young University; The College of Idaho in Caldwell, which still maintains a loose affiliation with the Presbyterian Church; Northwest Nazarene University in Nampa; and New Saint Andrews College in Moscow, of reformed Christian theological background. McCall College is a non-affiliated 2-year private college in McCall, which was founded in 2011 and later opened in 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136341094970703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Central Idaho is home to one of North America's oldest ski resorts, Sun Valley, where the world's first chairlift was installed in 1936. Other noted outdoor sites include Hells Canyon, the Salmon River, and its embarkation point of Riggins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.166579246520996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "High school sports are overseen by the Idaho High School Activities Association (IHSAA).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51697063446045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "*State amphibian: Idaho Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon aterrimus) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190674781799316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "*State song: \"Here We Have Idaho\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35888385772705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idahoans", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36994457244873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Idaho in popular culture", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463372230529785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "The North America localization of the Yo-Kai Watch franchise takes place in a fictionalized version of Springdale, Idaho.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40337085723877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves starred in the movie My Own Private Idaho, portions of which take place in Idaho.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.493163108825684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Idaho", "passage": "Judy Garland performed the elaborate song-and-dance routine \"Born in a Trunk in the Princess Theater in Pocatello, Idaho\" in the 1954 version of the film A Star is Born.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.453911781311035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Gray cup", "Grey Cup", "Coupe Grey", "Grey cup", "The Grey Cup", "Grey Cup Championship", "Grey-Cup", "Gray Cup" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "grey cup", "coupe grey", "gray cup", "grey cup championship" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "grey cup", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Grey Cup" }

[ { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Since the 1950 merger, the team has won the Grey Cup championship eight times, most recently in 1999. The Hamilton Tiger-Cats Football Club also recognizes all Grey Cups won by Hamilton-based teams as part of their history, which would bring their win total to 15 (the Hamilton Tigers with five, Hamilton Flying Wildcats with one and Hamilton Alerts also with one). However, the CFL does not recognize these wins under one franchise, rather as the individual franchises that won them. If one includes their historical lineage, Hamilton football clubs won league championships in every decade of the 20th century, a feat matched by only one other North American franchise in professional sports, the Triple-A Rochester Red Wings of the International League. Neither of these teams won a championship in the first decade of the 21st century.", "precise_score": -2.6197566986083984, "rough_score": -0.4295939803123474, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In 1978, Toronto Maple Leafs owner, Harold Ballard assumed ownership of the Tiger Cats. Ballard claimed to be losing a million dollars a year.All Work and All Play: A Life in the Outrageous Sport, p.124, John Wiley and Sons Canada Ltd., Mississauga, ON, 2005, ISBN 0-470-83552-4 The Tiger-Cats contended on and off during the rest of the 1970s and 1980s, reaching the Grey Cup final in 1980 and winning the East Division by a mile in 1981 with an 11–4–1 record under head coach Frank Kush, but were stunned by the Ottawa Rough Riders, who finished a distant second at 5–11, in the East final. The Tabbies' defense was very stout, talented and hungry that decade, led by standouts Grover Covington, Ben Zambiasi, Howard Fields and Mitchell Price. They were complemented very well on offense with quarterbacks Tom Clements and Mike Kerrigan throwing to Rocky DiPietro and Tony Champion leading to three straight trips to the Grey Cup in 1984, 1985 and 1986, the latter resulting in winning the title over the Edmonton Eskimos by a score of 39–15. In 1986, Ballard publicly called the Tiger-Cats a bunch of overpaid losers. After the Tiger-Cats beat the Toronto Argonauts in the 1986 Eastern Final, Ballard said “You guys may still be overpaid, but after today, no one can call you losers.” A few days later, the Tiger-Cats won the 1986 Grey Cup by beating the Edmonton Eskimos 39–15; Ballard said it was worth every penny.", "precise_score": -3.697024345397949, "rough_score": -2.659520149230957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "On August 31, 2011, the Tiger-Cats announced plans to close Ivor Wynne Stadium at the end of the 2012 season and begin play in the long planned Pan American Stadium in 2014. Throughout the 2013 season, they played their home games at Guelph University's stadium because the new stadium was still under construction. On November 24, 2013, the Hamilton Tiger-Cats lost to the Saskatchewan Roughriders 45-23 in the 101st Grey Cup at Mosaic Stadium at Taylor Field. The game had star appeal as actor Tom Hanks attended with comedian Martin Short, a Hamilton native. Early in the third quarter, Hanks was shown replacing a Ti-cats toque with a Riders hat, drawing a loud roar from the crowd. In the last three seasons, the Grey Cup host city has won the championship game (BC Lions, Toronto Argonauts, and Saskatchewan Roughriders). After construction of the new stadium fell behind schedule in 2014, the team moved the first few games of its 2014 season to Ron Joyce Stadium.", "precise_score": -0.48248693346977234, "rough_score": 0.18033406138420105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Tim Hortons Field opened in time for the 2014 Labour Day Classic, which coincided with the Tiger-Cats going on a long run that propelled the team from 1—6 prior to that game to 9—9 (in a year when the East was particularly weak, this was enough to win the division) and two further playoff wins, propelling the team to its second straight Grey Cup appearance, which would also be its second straight Grey Cup loss as the Calgary Stampeders held off a late comeback effort from the Tiger-Cats to win 20–16. The team went undefeated at Tim Hortons Field in its inaugural season at the stadium.", "precise_score": -2.6840009689331055, "rough_score": -2.9292593002319336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Since 1873, the arch-rivals of the Tiger-Cats have been the Toronto Argonauts. The first meeting between the two teams took place on October 18, 1873 at the University of Toronto where the Argonauts defeated the Hamilton Football Club by a Goal and a Try to Nil. Hamilton and Toronto are merely 51 km apart along the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) highway and, for relatively brief periods of time, were the only CFL teams in Ontario as a result of the demise of the Ottawa Rough Riders in 1996 and the demise of the Ottawa Renegades in 2006, although Ottawa fielded a new team called the Ottawa RedBlacks in 2014. In the Labour Day Classic match-ups since 1948, Hamilton has been victorious 31 times to Toronto's 15. Since 1996, the two teams have played the Labour Day Classic each year at Hamilton's Ivor Wynne Stadium, with the 2011 season and the 2013 season being recent exceptions. In 2014 and 2015, the Labour Day Classic continued the tradition, with the game being held at Hamilton's new stadium, Tim Hortons Field. As has been the case for several years, the two teams then have a rematch the following week at Toronto's stadium, currently the Rogers Centre, but that will change next year (2016) when the Argonauts move to a different facility. There have been 17 playoff match-ups between the two teams, with Toronto being victorious 10 times to Hamilton's 7. On November 17, 2013, the Tiger-Cats defeated the Argonauts 36-24 in the East Division Final game, which gave Hamilton a Grey Cup berth. On November 15, 2015, the Tiger-Cats defeated the Argonauts 25-22, to advance to the East Division Final against the Ottawa RedBlacks. Other rivals consist of the Montreal Alouettes and the Ottawa Redblacks.", "precise_score": 1.106265902519226, "rough_score": 1.8948324918746948, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Main rivals: Saskatchewan Roughriders (see Labour Day Classic and Banjo Bowl), Hamilton Tiger-Cats, a team they have played on numerous occasions for the Grey Cup, Toronto Argonauts, BC Lions, and other prairie city teams the Edmonton Eskimos and the Calgary Stampeders.", "precise_score": 1.0525606870651245, "rough_score": 4.116988658905029, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "During Grant's tenure as head coach, the Bombers welcomed the likes of Ken Ploen, Leo Lewis, Ernie Pitts, and Ed Kotowich to the team. The Bombers competed in six Grey Cup games during Grant's tenure, winning four (1958, 1959, 1961, and 1962). In 1961, the Bombers won 21–14 over the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the first Grey Cup game to go into overtime. The Bombers and Ticats met again in the 1962 Grey Cup, with the game being postponed with 9:29 left in the fourth quarter due to zero visibility in the famous \"Fog Bowl\". The game resumed the next morning with the Bombers winning 28–27.", "precise_score": -0.687260627746582, "rough_score": -1.4647510051727295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In 1983, Cal Murphy was hired to be the new head coach of the Blue Bombers. Almost immediately, Murphy set the tone for his career with the Bombers by trading popular QB Dieter Brock to Hamilton in exchange for QB Tom Clements. Trading Brock turned out to be a wise decision, with Clements leading the Bombers to crushing victory in the 1984 Grey Cup, coincidentally over the Brock-led Tiger-Cats. This was Winnipeg's first Grey Cup in 22 years, and also their most recent appearance in the championship game as the Western representative. Murphy was named coach of the year in both 1983 and 1984.", "precise_score": -2.1087629795074463, "rough_score": -2.6207170486450195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Under Riley, the Blue Bombers quickly made an impact in the East, winning Grey Cups over their former division rivals B.C. and Edmonton in 1988 and 1990 respectively and garnering Riley the coach of the year award both championship seasons. After Riley left, Darryl Rogers and Urban Bowman each led the team for a season until 1993, when Murphy took over head-coaching duties again. Murphy went on to lead the team to a total of five Grey Cup appearances, winning, as a coach in 1984, and as a GM, in 1988 and 1990. He left the club after the 1996 season, having spent 14 years with the team. Later, he would coach the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1999.", "precise_score": -4.636239528656006, "rough_score": -2.763669013977051, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 2007 Grey Cup game was played between the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and the Saskatchewan Roughriders, the first time the two prairie teams met for the championship. Winnipeg was defeated by the Saskatchewan Roughriders 23–19 in the Rogers Centre in Toronto. During the East division final win over the Toronto Argonauts, quarterback Kevin Glenn broke his arm and Winnipeg was left with an inexperienced rookie to take his place for the championship game. Back-up quarterback Ryan Dinwiddie — in his first CFL start — did not fare well and threw one touchdown pass, fumbled once and threw three interceptions to Saskatchewan cornerback James Johnson. Johnson was later declared the game MVP.", "precise_score": -1.1541329622268677, "rough_score": -0.9185090661048889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Edmonton Eskimos are a professional Canadian football team based in Edmonton, Alberta, competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). The Eskimos play their home games at The Brick Field at Commonwealth Stadium and are the third-youngest franchise in the CFL. The Eskimos were founded in 1949, although there were clubs with the name Edmonton Eskimos as early as 1895. The Eskimos are the most successful CFL franchise of the modern era (since 1954) having won the league's Grey Cup championship fourteen times, second overall only to the Toronto Argonauts who have won sixteen. This includes a three-peat between 1954 and 1956 and an unmatched five consecutive wins between 1978 and 1982, and most recently in 2015.", "precise_score": -3.3156931400299072, "rough_score": -2.4196856021881104, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edmonton Eskimos" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "After achieving an 11–2–3 regular season record in 1964, and defeating the Calgary Stampeders in a three-game series in the Western Conference finals, the Lions advanced to meet the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in a Grey Cup rematch at Toronto's Exhibition Stadium. In the rematch, BC got their revenge as Kapp, Ken Appleby, Willie Fleming, and Bill Munsey, who gave a two-touchdown, two-way starring effort, helped the Lions to their first Grey Cup victory. With the addition of two field goals and an extra touchdown by the field goal unit, the Lions won the Grey Cup for the first time in franchise history with a 34–24 victory. The win ended 11 years of waiting for the British Columbia faithful. At the end of the 1964 season, defensive lineman Tom Brown was named a CFL All-Star, a back-to-back Schenley award winner as CFL's Most Outstanding Lineman Award, and won the Jeff Nicklin Memorial Trophy as the Most Valuable Player in the Western Conference. Joining Brown as All-Stars on defence were Mike Cacic, Dick Fouts, and Munsey. Joe Kapp and tackle Lonnie Dennis were named CFL All-Stars on offence.", "precise_score": 1.1262141466140747, "rough_score": 2.852659225463867, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Lions' 1985 season began with much promise. Mervyn Fernandez shattered several team receiving records and second year receiver Jim Sandusky broke the 1,000 yard mark. Rookie defensive tackle Mike Gray was the most visible of several rookies. With depth and few injuries, the final season record of 13–3 was the best in team history, bringing the Lions their third consecutive first place divisional finish. The Lions avenged their prior year's playoff defeat by handling Winnipeg 42–22, despite the fact that the Blue Bombers had won both regular season meetings and wide receiver Fernandez was out with a leg injury. One week later, the same Lions line-up met Hamilton at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal. Twenty-one years of waiting ended with a 37–24 Grey Cup championship victory over the Tiger-Cats in the 73rd Grey Cup. Quarterback Roy Dewalt won the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player award on offence, while defensive end James \"Quick\" Parker took home the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player award on defence. Kicker Lui Passaglia was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian. Don Matthews won his first CFL Coach of the Year award. Mervyn Fernandez became the first Lion to win the CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award and defensive tackle Mike Gray won both the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie award and the Jackie Parker Trophy. Linebacker Tyrone Crews won the first of two consecutive CFL Players Association Outstanding Community Service Awards. The CFL champions returned to Vancouver for a victory celebration that swept across the entire province.", "precise_score": -0.7658907175064087, "rough_score": -1.3723291158676147, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Defending their championship in 1986 proved even harder than winning it the year before, as the Lions battled the Eskimos, Blue Bombers, injuries, and the CFL's newly extended 18 game regular season. The Lions reached the halfway mark at 7–2 losing at Edmonton, and at home to Calgary. The Lions then ran their record to 9–2 before hitting a four-game losing streak, started by back to back losses to Edmonton. The Lions rebounded to win back to back games against Winnipeg to finish the season 12–6, and second in the Western Division. Under the new playoff format, the Lions met the Bombers for a third straight week, winning the Semi-Finals 21–14, before travelling to Edmonton for the Lions' first Western final road game in four years. The Lions lost their fourth game of the year to the Eskimos 41–5, ending the Lions' hopes of defending their title in front of a home crowd at BC Place. The 1985 Grey Cup title, the prospect of defending the title at home, and the excitement in the area generated from Expo 86 helped the Lions outdraw the Vancouver Canucks in total attendance in 1986, despite the fact the Lions had only nine regular season home games compared to the Canucks' 40. Off the field, the big news of the year was the departure of general manager Bob Ackles to the NFL's Dallas Cowboys, ending Ackles' 33-year association with the Lions (he would return in 2002). Ackles was replaced by former Montreal general manager Joe Galat in August, 1986.", "precise_score": -0.12218131870031357, "rough_score": -0.14111587405204773, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The CFL's competition cap forced the Lions to start the 1988 season with 22 new faces in their lineup, one of which was star quarterback Matt Dunigan, acquired in a trade with Edmonton. Despite the large number of new players, the Lions jelled and finished the regular season with a 10–8 record. The Lions entered the playoffs with momentum and were touted as Grey Cup favourites. The Leos managed hard-earned playoff victories on the road at Saskatchewan, beating the Roughriders, 42–18 in the semi-final, before defeating the Eskimos in the Western Division final at Commonwealth Stadium, 37–19. That set the stage for the 76th Grey Cup Championship Game against the Blue Bombers, in front of a crowd in excess of 50,000 in unseasonably mild but windy conditions at Ottawa. The lead changed hands several times during the hard fought contest. The Leos drove to the Winnipeg seven-yard line in the final minutes only to have Matt Dunigan's pass deflected by two defenders and intercepted to snuff out the drive. The Bombers went on to win the Cup, 22–21.", "precise_score": -2.3026790618896484, "rough_score": 0.2575392723083496, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Buoyed by their Grey Cup appearance the previous season, the Lions entered the 1989 season with much optimism. However, the team opened the campaign with a loss to Edmonton in Commonwealth Stadium, followed by three more losses before coach Larry Donovan was fired and replaced by general manager Joe Galat. After dropping their fifth straight game to the Eskimos, the Lions put together a four-game winning streak, fuelling playoff hopes. The Winnipeg Blue Bombers shattered those hopes in back to back games, rolling over the Leos 53–34 in Winnipeg, and then edging the Lions 24–20 in an overtime contest in Vancouver. Prior to the Winnipeg home game, new owner Murray Pezim and his minority partners, ex-NFL all-star Mark Gastineau and his wife Brigitte Nielsen were introduced to the home fans. The Lions never did get back on track, finishing the year with a disappointing 7–11 record, and missing the playoffs for the first time since 1982. Bright spots included running back Darrell Wallace, who won the Western Division's Jackie Parker Trophy as Most Outstanding Rookie (Wallace was second in the CFL in total offensive yardage), and quarterback Matt Dunigan who won the CFL Players Association Outstanding Community Service Award.", "precise_score": -0.08318600803613663, "rough_score": 2.348322868347168, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Despite a questionable lineup, the Lions, as well as many fans and critics alike, believed that the team was good enough to win the Grey Cup, especially since the game was scheduled to be played in Vancouver at the newly renovated BC Place Stadium. However, the season started out with five straight losses which forced changes to be made. The Lions signed two notable CFL players; defensive back Tad Kornegay, who had just been released by Saskatchewan, and wide receiver Arland Bruce, who was acquired in a trade with Hamilton. The Lions got their first win of the season when they beat the Saskatchewan Roughriders 24–11 in week 6, but the following week, the Lions were swept by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers for the first time in ten years. Now sitting at 1–6, many fans and critics started to doubt the Lions playoff hopes, but after a convincing 36–1 win over the Edmonton Eskimos, the Lions went on a remarkable 8-game winning streak, skyrocketing the Leos all the way to the top of a very competitive West Division. The Lions winning streak ended after a 42–10 loss to Hamilton in week 17, but after that, the Lions won their last two games of the season, which included a 43–1 clobbering of the two-time defending Grey Cup champions Montreal Alouettes in the regular season finale. After starting the season 0–5, the Lions rebounded to win 11 of their last 13 games to clinch 1st place in the West Division with an 11–7 record, as well as a bye in the first round of the playoffs and a home playoff game.", "precise_score": 0.4232272207736969, "rough_score": 0.623814582824707, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In the West Division Final, the Lions faced the Edmonton Eskimos, the same team that beat the Lions in the 2005 West Final, which denied the Lions a home game in the Grey Cup, since Vancouver hosted the Grey Cup that year. However, in 2011, a home game in the Grey Cup is what the Lions would get, as the Leos dominated the Eskimos 40–23 as the Lions advanced to the big game for the first time in five years. In the Grey Cup, the Lions were up against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers for only the second time in Grey Cup history. Although Winnipeg won both regular season meetings with BC, the Lions would go on to beat the Bombers 34–23 in front of a home crowd to win their 6th Grey Cup championship in franchise history. Travis Lulay was named Grey Cup Most Valuable Player, while Winnipeg native Andrew Harris was named Most Valuable Canadian. With the Grey Cup win, the BC Lions became the first team to start a season 0–5 and win the Grey Cup.", "precise_score": 1.280748963356018, "rough_score": 3.528447151184082, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Competition for the Grey Cup was limited to member unions of the CRU, the champions of which petitioned the league body for the right to challenge for the national championship. The Western Canada Rugby Football Union joined in 1921, allowing the Edmonton Eskimos to challenge. Facing the Argonauts in the 9th Grey Cup, the Eskimos became the first western team – and the first from outside Toronto or Hamilton – to compete for the trophy. The Argonauts entered the game with an undefeated record, having outscored their opposition 226 to 55 during the season. They dominated Edmonton, recording the first shutout in Grey Cup history with a 23–0 victory. Multi-sport star Lionel Conacher was Toronto's top player, scoring 15 of his team's points before leaving the game after the third quarter to join his hockey team for their game. Edmonton challenged for the trophy again in 1922, but lost 13–1 to their eastern opposition, the Queen's University Golden Gaels. For Queen's, it was the first of three consecutive titles. ", "precise_score": -2.9158530235290527, "rough_score": -1.5868620872497559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Western teams continued to vie for the trophy, but were consistently outclassed for several years. Eastern teams and critics felt the quality of the western game was inferior to theirs, and when Queen's defeated the Regina Rugby Club 54–0 in the 1923 final, the critics felt they deliberately ran up the score to prove that point. Regina was western Canada's dominant team, appearing in the Grey Cup on six occasions between 1928 and 1934, but lost to their eastern opponents each time. Regina helped revolutionize Canadian football in 1929, however, as they attempted the first forward pass in Grey Cup history. The Winnipeg 'Pegs (now the Blue Bombers) became the first western Grey Cup champion in 1935 when they defeated the Hamilton Tigers, 18–12. While the Grey Cup was slow to achieve national popularity, the advent of the east versus west format helped make the game the nation's largest sporting event. ", "precise_score": -2.0185999870300293, "rough_score": -1.6279124021530151, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In the CFL's initial seasons, the Hamilton Tiger-Cats were the league's dominant team, appearing in nine Grey Cups and winning four titles between 1957 and 1967. The Winnipeg Blue Bombers opposed Hamilton on six of those occasions, winning four titles. The two teams were involved in a series of bizarre incidents, the first occurring during the 1957 Grey Cup. Toronto-based lawyer and fan David Humphrey had talked his way past stadium security and had been allowed to watch the game from the sidelines. Ten minutes into the fourth quarter, Hamilton's Ray Bawel intercepted a pass and it appeared he would return the ball for a touchdown when Humphrey stuck his leg out and tripped Bawel as he ran up the sideline. Unsure how to handle the situation as there was no rule designed to cover it, referee Paul Dojack invented one on the spot. He placed the ball half the distance to the Winnipeg goal line from the point Bawel was tripped. The incident did not affect the final score, as Hamilton won 32–7. The league also created a new rule during the 1961 Grey Cup as it was the first in history to end regulation time in a tie: CFL Commissioner Sid Halter determined the teams would play an overtime period that consisted of two five-minute halves. That rule remained the CFL standard into the 2000s. Winnipeg scored the lone touchdown in the overtime to defeat Hamilton 21–14. ", "precise_score": -0.2694458067417145, "rough_score": 3.0741586685180664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Edmonton's championship run came to an end in 1983 when they failed to reach the final; the Argonauts defeated the BC Lions to win the championship. Despite Toronto's win, the CFL felt that the overall quality of play in the East Division had deteriorated compared to that of the West. In 1986, it altered the playoff format to allow the first non-playoff team in one division to take the last playoff spot, but stay in their division if they had a better record. The consequences of the new rules were felt immediately, as the league gave a playoff spot to the Stampeders having a better record than the Alouettes, and decided the East Division Final would be a 2-game-total-point Final between the Toronto Argonauts and the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, who finished first and second, respectively. The crossover, if necessary, would begin in 1987. In financial difficulty, the loss of the playoff spot was disastrous for Montreal, which ceased operations one year later. Reduced to eight teams, the CFL shifted Winnipeg to the East Division, making the 1988 Grey Cup between the Blue Bombers and Lions the first championship game between two western Canadian teams. ", "precise_score": 0.9572837948799133, "rough_score": 0.864262044429779, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 1989 Grey Cup is considered one of the finest games in Canadian football history: The Saskatchewan Roughriders defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 43–40 in the highest scoring Grey Cup game of all-time. Saskatchewan kicker Dave Ridgway's last-second field goal won the game and made him a legend in the prairie province. ", "precise_score": -1.613171100616455, "rough_score": -2.604261636734009, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Grey Cup has been stolen on two occasions: it disappeared for three days in 1967 when it was taken from the Hamilton Tiger-Cats as a prank, and in December 1969 it was stolen from the offices of the Ottawa Rough Riders at Lansdowne Park. The thieves attempted to ransom the trophy, but the CFL refused to pay and made plans to replace it with a duplicate. An anonymous phone call led to the trophy's recovery two months later in a locker at Toronto's Royal York Hotel. The thieves were never found. ", "precise_score": -3.9167282581329346, "rough_score": -2.7661523818969727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Toronto Argonauts have won the most Grey Cup championships (16), followed by the Edmonton Eskimos (14) and Winnipeg Blue Bombers (10). The Winnipeg Blue Bombers have made the most Grey Cup appearances (24). Since the Canadian Football League began in 1958, The Eskimos have won the most Grey Cup Championships (11) and have made the most Grey Cup appearances (19). The Saskatchewan Roughriders have the most losses in Grey Cup play (15), including five consecutive losses between 1928 and 1932. The defending champions are the Edmonton Eskimos, who won the 103rd Grey Cup in 2015. Six teams in CFL history have won the Grey Cup at home, the 2013 Saskatchewan Roughriders, the 2012 Toronto Argonauts, the 2011 BC Lions, the 1994 BC Lions, the 1977 Montreal Alouettes, and 1972 Hamilton Tiger-Cats. The Blue Bombers were the losing team in 2011, extending Winnipeg's championship drought to 21 seasons, the longest active streak in the CFL. ", "precise_score": 0.7135263681411743, "rough_score": 6.111072540283203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Vancouver's attendance record stood until 1976, when 53,389 fans attended the 64th Grey Cup in Toronto. The four highest attended Grey Cup games have been held at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal, with an all-time record of 68,318 set in 1977. The 100th Grey Cup was hosted by Toronto in 2012. Regina hosted its third championship game in 2013, with a win by the hometown Saskatchewan Roughriders 45-23 over the Hamilton Tiger Cats. Vancouver hosted the 102nd Grey Cup in 2014. ", "precise_score": -2.87857723236084, "rough_score": 1.6738439798355103, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In their first forty years of existence, the Tiger-Cats were a model franchise, qualifying for the playoffs in all but three of those years and winning seven Grey Cup championships. They are one of only six teams in the modern era to win the Grey Cup at home and were the first to accomplish this when they did it in 1972. However, since 1990, they have missed the playoffs on eleven occasions and have won just one Grey Cup in 1999. Their lowest moment came when they lost a Canadian Football League record 17 games in one season with just one win during their 2003 season. The franchise has started to return to prominence after qualifying for the post-season in four of the past five seasons, including a loss in the 101st Grey Cup and again in the 102nd Grey Cup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.740241527557373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Grey Cup championships: 8— 1953, 1957, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1972, 1986, 1999", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.848401069641113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Main Rivals: Toronto Argonauts (see Labour Day Classic), Winnipeg Blue Bombers (met eight times in Grey Cup games, seven other times in playoffs)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.979493141174316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Hamilton Tigers began play in the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) in 1883 and won their first Canadian Dominion Football Championship in 1906 when the Tigers beat McGill University 29–3. The Tigers continued in the ORFU until 1907, when the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union (IRFU) was formed. The IRFU later became known as the Big Four and eventually, the IRFU became the East division of the modern CFL in the 1950s. The Tigers faced stiff local competition with the ORFU's Hamilton Alerts who, in 1912, won the City of Hamilton its first Grey Cup, the trophy that was now awarded to the Canadian Dominion Football Champions, by beating the Toronto Argonauts 11–4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.306675672531128, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In the following season (1913), the Tigers won their first of five Grey Cups when they beat the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club by the lopsided margin of 44–2. The Alerts were refused entry into the ORFU in 1913 with many of its players opting to join the Tigers, while the Alerts gradually faded from existence. The Alerts gave way to a team under the name Hamilton Rowing Club from 1913–1915, who also played in the ORFU. 1914 saw the complete amalgamation of the Hamilton Alerts and the Hamilton Tigers and the football club continued playing under the name \"Tigers\". In 1915, in the final pre-war season, the Hamilton Tigers won their second Grey Cup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.966307163238525, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "After over a decade-long drought, the Hamilton Tigers won the Grey Cup championship game in 1928, 1929 and 1932. The 1941 season saw the Tigers suspend play for the remainder of World War II. The Hamilton Tigers folded, largely because a number of players had gone into the armed services. It is believed by some that the failure of the Tigers is what caused the IRFU to be dissolved, and the Eastern Rugby Football Union (ERFU) to be formed. Because of the absence of the Tigers, a new club called the Hamilton Wildcats were formed to play in the ORFU in 1941. The Wildcats were given permission to use players from the Hamilton Tigers, but not the traditional black and yellow colors of the Tigers. In 1943, the Hamilton Flying Wildcats, stocked with Royal Canadian Air Force personnel, won the 31st Grey Cup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.901855945587158, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Ti-Cats had great success throughout the 1950s and 1960s, in the 1950s and 1960s the club appeared in ten Grey Cups. They finished first in the East thirteen times from 1950 to 1972. During that same time span, they appeared in eleven Grey Cup finals winning the championship six times. Players, such as Angelo Mosca, Bernie Faloney, Joe Zuger and Garney Henley became football icons in the Steel City. Beginning in 1957 under coach Jim Trimble (who left the team after the 1962 season), the Tiger-Cats played in every national final through 1967, except for those of 1960 and 1966, winning 4 Cups (1957, 1963, 1965 and 1967).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.622196674346924, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Cats 1972 Grey Cup win, 13–10 over the Saskatchewan Roughriders, was led by two sensational rookies, Chuck Ealey who had an outstanding college career at the University of Toledo and Ian Sunter, an 18-year-old kicker who booted the deciding field goal that gave Hamilton the cup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.508912563323975, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Hamilton businessman David Braley bought the team in 1989, and he would eventually sell the team to a community-based group in 1992 due to continued poor attendance. Hamilton returned to the Grey Cup in 1989, but were on the losing end of a 43–40 thriller to Saskatchewan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.57834243774414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 1990s were marked by financial instability, and constant struggles on the field. Quarterback was a weak spot for the Ti-Cats, as the first half of the decade had names like Don McPherson, Damon Allen, Timm Rosenbach, Matt Dunigan, Lee Saltz and Todd Dillon taking their turns at the pivot. Despite the excellent play of Eastern All-Star Earl Winfield rewriting the team's record books for pass catching, Hamilton struggled to attract crowds to Ivor Wynne Stadium. It was not until 1998 with the arrival of head coach Ron Lancaster and the pitch-and-catch duo of Danny McManus and Darren Flutie plus the pass rush abilities of Joe Montford that led Hamilton back to the CFL's elite, reaching the Grey Cup finals in 1998 and winning the cup the following year. However, the Ti-Cats would then suffer a slow decline. In 2000, Hamilton finished 9-9, losing 4 of their last 5 games, as well as the East semifinal 24-22 to Winnipeg. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.130393981933594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Native Hamiltonian Bob Young has owned the Tiger-Cats since 2004, and although the team had a resurgence in home attendance, corporate sponsorship plus a brand new \"Tiger Vision\" scoreboard at Ivor Wynne stadium, it struggled with its on-field performance. Last place finishes both in 2005 (5–13) and 2006 (4–14), resulted in an overhaul of the coaching staff for 2007. The moves still did not immediately help, as the team continued to lag in last place in 2007 and 2008 despite numerous apparent upgrades. In 2009, their fortunes turned around when they finished in second place in the East, qualifying for the playoffs for the first time in several years. However, they failed to win the Grey Cup, marking the 2000s as the first decade since the 1890s that Hamilton failed to win a national championship.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7206335067749023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Blue Bombers were founded in 1930 as the Winnipeg Football Club, which remains the organization's legal name today. Since that time, they have won the league's Grey Cup championship 10 times, most recently in 1990. With 10 wins, they have the third-highest win total in the Grey Cup among active and defunct CFL teams. Though they are currently the team with the longest Grey Cup drought, no other CFL franchise has as many Grey Cup appearances as the Blue Bombers' current 25. The Blue Bombers were also the first team not located in Ontario or Quebec to win a championship.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.938589096069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Grey Cup Championships: 10—1935, 1939, 1941, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1984, 1988, 1990", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.099512100219727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "1935 Grey Cup", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.428326606750488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Western teams had been to the Grey Cup game 10 times since 1909, but they had always gone home empty-handed. It was clear in those days that the East was much more powerful, outscoring their opponents 236–29 in these games. On December 7, 1935, the Bombers got their first shot at winning the 23rd Grey Cup. The game was being held in Hamilton, with the home-town Tigers being their opponents. It was a rainy day at Hamilton Amateur Athletic Association Grounds, with 6,405 fans in attendance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.413320064544678, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Then, after a Hamilton rouge, Winnipeg's RB/KR Fritz Hanson caught a punt, and after a few moves and a few missed tackles, was on his way to a 78-yard touchdown return, making the score 18–10. Hamilton would force a safety to bring themselves within six points, but failed to crack the endzone, getting as far as the Winnipeg four-yard line. The final score was Winnipeg 18, Hamilton 12. With that, Winnipeg had become the first team from Western Canada to win a Grey Cup. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.755941390991211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "From 1936 to 1949, the Bombers won the right to compete for the Grey Cup in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, and 1945. Of these appearances, Winnipeg won only twice, in 1939 over the Ottawa Rough Riders and again in their 1941 rematch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3545427322387695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Jack Jacobs, known as Indian Jack, was a Cree quarterback from Oklahoma. He came to the Bombers in 1950 after a successful career in the United States. He led the Bombers to two Grey Cup appearances, losing both. His exciting style of play and extreme talent increased ticket sales and overall awareness and popularity of the club. The revenue the Bombers were getting from their newfound popularity was enough to convince them to move from the small, outdated Osborne Stadium to the new Winnipeg Stadium (later known as Canad Inns Stadium). Jacobs was so well liked, the fans even referred to the new stadium as \"The House that Jack Built\". Jacobs retired in 1954 to become a talent scout for the team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.982218742370605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "During the second half of the 1960s, the Bombers' domination gave away to lean years, with four seasons of double digits in the loss column. The team bounced back in the early 1970s with the likes of quarterback Don Jonas, running-back Mack Herron, wide receivers Jim Thorpe, and Bob LaRose. The team finished first in the Western Conference in 1972, the first time it had done so since 1962. However, the Bombers came up short in the Western Final against the Saskatchewan Roughriders. In the game, the Bombers squandered a 13-point, third quarter lead en route to a heartbreaking 27–24 loss, with Saskatchewan kicker Jack Abendschan converting a short field goal attempt on the last play of the game to send the 'Riders to the 1972 Grey Cup against Hamilton. The 1972 season also marks the last time the team has finished first in the West. The team struggled for a few more seasons under coaches Jim Spavital and Bud Riley before Ray Jauch was brought in as head coach before the 1978 season. Under Jauch, the Bombers became one of the stronger teams in the West, but usually behind Jauch's former team, the powerhouse Edmonton Eskimos coached by Hugh Campbell.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.745606422424316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In 1999, the Bombers acquired Khari Jones from the BC Lions. Together, Stegall and Jones brought the Bombers back to prominence, with Jones being the CFL's most outstanding player in 2001, and Stegall getting the honour in 2002. During the 2006 Grey Cup, Khari Jones and Milt Stegall were voted and honored as the best QB/WR combo in CFL history. Charles Roberts joined them in 2001, a year which the Bombers went to the Grey Cup, which they eventually lost to the Calgary Stampeders. The following season, Winnipeg returned to the West Division following the establishment of the Ottawa Renegades. The team was a powerhouse during this period, being one of the best teams in the league from 2001 until 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.576003551483154, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "It was announced on January 31, 2008 that Milt Stegall would be returning for one more year for the 2008 season. He signed a one-year contract for $200,000 on the basis of the fact his wife wanted to have their next child in Winnipeg, and the fact that they were in line to be a contender for the Grey Cup. He took a $50,000 pay cut, and started the season 159 yards away from breaking Allen Pitts' all-time receiving yards record.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.148908615112305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Other returning players who were free agents going into the 2008 season, including star DE Tom Canada, OL's Dan Goodspeed, and Matt Sheridan, signed for less money from the Bombers than other teams were prepared to pay them, in hopes of a Grey Cup run in '08. Tom Canada, in particular, reportedly turned down a much higher contract offer from the Montreal Alouettes, to come back to Winnipeg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.983002662658691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 2011 season featured an almost completely unchanged team (save for a few losses to the NFL and a few gains from the draft). The Blue Bombers reversed their standings from last place in the east in 2010 to finishing in first place in the East division with a 10–8 record. The team success hinged on a league-leading defence dubbed Swaggerville, which led them to their first division title in 10 years. The team advanced to the 99th Grey Cup after defeating Hamilton in the Eastern Final. However, they lost to the favoured BC Lions by a score of 34–23.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.212710380554199, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Image:BlueBombersgame.jpg|Blue Bombers game at Canad Inns Stadium with temporary seating set up in the endzone for the 2006 Grey Cup", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.1384859085083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Main rivals: Calgary Stampeders (see battle of Alberta) and Montreal Alouettes (11 meetings in the Grey Cup, once in the East final).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.904207706451416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edmonton Eskimos" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Grey Cup championships: 14—1954, 1955, 1956, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1987, 1993, 2003, 2005 and 2015", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.12842845916748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edmonton Eskimos" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Edmonton played its first series of organized games with the formation of the Alberta Rugby Football Union in 1895. In 1897 the name Esquimaux was adopted. In 1910 the club was officially named the Edmonton Eskimos. Since 1978 the Eskimos have played their home games in The Brick Field at Commonwealth Stadium. They are one of the most successful teams in Canadian football history, having won the Grey Cup more than any other team except the Toronto Argonauts, and being the run-away leader in attendance for many years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5618391036987305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edmonton Eskimos" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The team holds many impressive records, including five consecutive Grey Cup wins (1978–82) and 34 consecutive years in the playoffs (1972–2005); the latter is a record no other North American professional sports team has equalled. Former Eskimos have figured prominently in Alberta political life: past players include two former provincial premiers (Peter Lougheed and Donald Getty), a former mayor of Edmonton (Bill Smith), and a lieutenant-governor (Norman Kwong).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.149263381958008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edmonton Eskimos" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "During the glory years of the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Edmonton Eskimos won five Grey Cup championships in a row (1978–82). Since Edmonton re-entered the CFL in 1949, only one other team—also Edmonton—has managed to win three championships in row (1954–56), let alone five. The achievements during the Eskimos dynasty were documented in the book, Decade of Excellence, with photographs by Bob Peterson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.784951210021973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edmonton Eskimos" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Grey Cup", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.411230087280273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edmonton Eskimos" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Grey Cup MVP", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.759783744812012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Edmonton Eskimos" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Lions played their first season in 1954, and have played every season since. As such, they are the oldest professional sports franchise in the city of Vancouver and in the province of British Columbia. They have appeared in the league's Grey Cup championship game 10 times, winning six of those games, with their most recent championship occurring in 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.197690486907959, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Lions were the first Western Canadian team to have won the Grey Cup at home, having done so in 1994 and 2011, before Saskatchewan won in 2013, while also becoming the only team to beat an American-based franchise in a championship game, a feat accomplished in 1994. The Lions currently have the longest active playoff streak, and are tied for the second-longest in CFL history, having made the playoffs for 19 straight seasons. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.335371971130371, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Grey Cup championships: 6—1964, 1985, 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2011", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.282127380371094, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "League annals show 13 Western Division regular season championships, 10 Western Division championships and six Grey Cup championships.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.157916069030762, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "1963 Grey Cup finalists", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.722475051879883, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Before the start of the 1963 season, new optimism was voiced at the chances that the Lions would not only make the playoffs, but also contend for the Grey Cup. With a veteran roster headlined by Joe Kapp and Willie Fleming, the Lions not only finished with their first winning record, but won their first-ever regular-season conference title with a 12–4 record. After a 2–1 series victory over the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the Western finals, the Lions lined up in the 51st Grey Cup game against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, which was played at Empire Stadium—the first time a western team had hosted the Grey Cup. However, their momentum would be stalled as a series of injuries affected the team's performance in the championship game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1369845867156982, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In the Grey Cup game, star running back Willie Fleming was injured after he received a late, out-of-bounds hit by Tiger-Cat defensive tackle Angelo Mosca. This proved to be a huge blow to the Lions' chances of victory. Hamilton won the Grey Cup with a 21–10 victory, but the following year, the Lions would get their revenge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.29724383354187, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "1964 Grey Cup champions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.645483016967773, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Any hopes of the BC Lions becoming a dynasty team after their Grey Cup championship season quickly disappeared in 1965, as the team started to recede back to the basement of the Western Conference. Before the beginning of the season, By Bailey left the team and the entire roster was starting to age as the Lions finished the season with a 6–9–1 regular season record. As a result, the team missed the playoffs one year after being on top of the CFL world. It was clear that head coach Dave Skrien would never again experience the same success as he achieved the previous two seasons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.725677490234375, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The situation for the Lions went from bad to worse in the 1966 season, as the team would go on to post a 5–11 record that year. Due to the dreadful team performance, Herb Capozzi was fired as the Lions' General Manager after nine seasons as G.M. and just two years after taking the franchise to consecutive Grey Cup appearances. In addition, Willie Fleming and Tom Hinton decided to retire, and Joe Kapp left the team to continue his playing career in the NFL with the Minnesota Vikings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.821308135986328, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "A complete off-season overhaul in the coaching staff brought Edmonton assistant Vic Rapp in as the 10th head coach of the Lions as they opened their 1977 season. A revamped Leos lineup included rookies Leon Bright, John Blain, Ken Hinton, and quarterback Jerry Tagge, as well as several newly acquired veterans. The Lions last-minute heroics earned them the nickname, the \"Cardiac Kids.\" They finished with a 10–6 record, good enough for second place in the Western Division—the first time the Lions had finished with a winning record since the Grey Cup year of 1964. BC opened the playoffs with a 33–32 upset of the Winnipeg at home before being trounced 38–1 in Edmonton by the Eskimos in the Western Division final. Wide receiver Leon Bright captured the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie award, and Al Wilson became the first Lion to win the CFL's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman Award.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.216669082641602, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In 1981, the Lions returned to the playoffs with a third place divisional finish and a 10–6 record. The team qualified for the playoffs on the final weekend of the season with a victory over the Saskatchewan Roughriders in a driving rainstorm at Empire Stadium. The key play was a late fourth-quarter fumble by Saskatchewan fullback Greg Fieger at the Rider two-yard line which the Lions recovered. The Lions turned this into a touchdown two plays later to take the lead for good after Saskatchewan had led for most of the game up to that point. In the playoffs, the Lions again upset the Blue Bombers 15–11 in the semi-finals before losing 22–16 in the Western Division final to eventual Grey Cup champion Edmonton. Paopao and second-year quarterback Roy Dewalt had wide-out Ty Grey as their deep-threat receiver, while rookie defensive back Larry Crawford led the CFL in interceptions. The Labatt Brewing Company became the Lions' major sponsor in a marketing agreement that brought much needed financial stability to the team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.526573657989502, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In January 1983, former Edmonton defensive coordinator Don Matthews was named BC's new head coach. The Lions also moved into BC Place Stadium, their new home stadium, which opened in June, 1983. The quarterback-receiver combination of Dewalt to Fernandez led the Lions' attack, while the defence set a new CFL record of 42 interceptions. The Lions finished 11–5 for the second-best record in team history and returned to first place for the first time since the 1964 season. They stormed into the playoffs, defeating Winnipeg in the Western Division finals, 39–21. The Western Division champions hosted the Toronto Argonauts in the 71st Grey Cup, ending a 19-year absence from the classic. BC Place fans watched the Argonauts defeat their hometown team in a taut, 18–17 contest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.306573867797852, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In 1984, the Lions' biggest trade since the Joe Kapp deal brought CFL All-Star James \"Quick\" Parker to their defence from Edmonton. The Lions again finished first in the Western Division with a league leading 12–3–1 record, but the second straight first-place finish was dampened by the late season loss of quarterback Roy Dewalt to injury. In a repeat Western finals matchup at BC Place, Winnipeg triumphed 31–14 and went on to win their first Grey Cup since 1962. Average crowds in excess of 40,000 in each of the first two years at BC Place reversed the team's financial fortunes, with stockholders receiving early repayment. Lions greats Joe Kapp and linebacker Tom Brown were inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.502808094024658, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "1985 Grey Cup champions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.959784507751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Lions began their 1987 campaign without the services of stand out wide receiver Mervyn Fernandez, who left during the offseason to join the Los Angeles Raiders. The season began with a four-game winning streak, but the team seemed to lose focus through the middle of the season, looking invincible in one game and lethargic the next. Entering the last half of the year, the Lions were still in contention for first place but not playing like a team driving for a title. When the team suffered a three-game losing streak, general manager Joe Galat fired Don Matthews, the winningest coach in Lions history with just four games to go. The Lions instantly responded to new coach Larry Donovan, winning the final four games including a thrilling come-from-behind 33–32 victory over Edmonton at Commonwealth Stadium that many observers called the CFL's greatest comeback ever. The win gave the Lions first place in the Western Division for the fourth time in five years with a 12–6 record. Home field advantage at BC Place in the Western final was not enough however, as the Lions fell to the eventual Grey Cup champion Eskimos, 31–7.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.332588195800781, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Lions entered training camp in 1992 with high expectations. Despite the loss of Doug Flutie, two time Grey Cup finalist quarterback Danny Barrett was counted on to be an able replacement. In the season opener against Edmonton, however, Barrett struggled, eventually giving way to back-up Tony Kimbrough in the second half. The Eskimos went on to win, 37–26. The following week, the Lions' fortunes continued to spiral downward, this time, on the road, as the Toronto Argonauts crushed the Leos, 61–20. In the third game of the year against Doug Flutie and the Calgary Stampeders, Barrett, who had regained his starting job at quarterback, went down in the third quarter with a separated shoulder. Flutie then guided Calgary to a 37–19 win, and the Lions slid further downhill from there. The team lost eight straight before finally edging out Ottawa 33–27 on September 3, 1992, with Danny Barrett back at the helm. To add insult to injury, off-season and off-field problems emerged to swing focus from football to ownership, as Lions' owner Murray Pezim declared bankruptcy, and the CFL was forced to take over the team. Three weeks later, a new owner was found, as The Brick Furniture Store owner Bill Comrie purchased the Lions from the CFL on September 23, 1992. The team on the field did not respond to the newfound ownership stability, losing the final seven games of the year to finish the season with a disappointing 3–15 record. Head coach O'Billovich and his staff were fired at season's end, and on December 12, 1992, new General Manager Eric Tillman announced the hiring of Ottawa defensive coordinator Dave Ritchie, as the new head coach of the Lions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6692116260528564, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "1994 Grey Cup champions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.576521873474121, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Lions entered the 1994 campaign with a new quarterback, Kent Austin, at the helm. Off-season trades with Ottawa provided offensive guard Denny Chronopoulos, defensive lineman Andrew Stewart, and rush linebacker Angelo Snipes. A group of young, unknown, and aggressive linebackers emerged at training camp, Henry Newby, Tyrone Chatman, and Virgil Robertson, while the secondary was strengthened with the additions of Charles Gordon and Enis Jackson. The Lions opened the season at B.C. Place and gave the fans a taste of things to come with a hard-fought 24–20 victory over Winnipeg. The Lions offensive power was amply demonstrated the following week with a 57–18 thumping of the Ottawa Rough Riders. By the end of August, 1994, the Lions were 7–1–0, and had broken several single-game offensive records, including a 67–15 point record win over Shreveport. The Leos' secondary was further bolstered by the signing of former NFL stars James Jefferson and Barry Wilburn. The team endured a dry spell at the season's midpoint, losing close games to Winnipeg, Edmonton, Saskatchewan, and Baltimore. A late season win over Las Vegas (45–7) and a close 24–23 loss to Calgary, gave the Lions new hope heading into the playoffs, as well as an 11–6–1 regular season finish. The team travelled to Edmonton for the Western Division Semi-Finals, where the Lions had only managed one playoff victory at Commonwealth Stadium. With just over four minutes left in the game, defensive back Charles Gordon's miraculous end-zone interception stopped the Eskimos in their tracks and gave new life to the Lions. Quarterback Kent Austin, replacing an injured Danny McManus who had started the game, mounted a Lions' drive which ate up the clock and the field. Lui Passaglia kicked the winning field goal with 30 seconds left to give the Lions a tough 24–23 come-from-behind victory. The following week, in one of the most memorable CFL games ever, the Lions and the Doug Flutie led Stampeders traded touchdowns and field goals all night at McMahon Stadium. In the swirling snow with two minutes left in the game, Calgary, who led by 5 points, set up to kick a field goal. Lions' wide receiver Ray Alexander leapt up and made an amazing block, giving the Lions renewed hope and decent field position. Danny McManus, who had replaced Kent Austin in the second half after Austin re-injured a separated shoulder, staged a furious last-minute drive, hitting receivers all the way down the field to the Stampeder's four-yard line. With Calgary leading 36–31, with four seconds left in the game, McManus found receiver Darren Flutie alone in the end zone to give the Lions their first playoff victory over Calgary in 30 years, and a berth in the Grey Cup against Baltimore at B.C. Place. The dramatics continued the following week in the 82nd Grey Cup. With 55,097 cheering fans looking on, the Lions and Stallions staged another thriller with both teams playing great football. Baltimore took a 17–10 lead at halftime, and extended their lead to 20–10 early in the third quarter. Lions' quarterback Danny McManus entered the game and staged a second-half rally. Seemingly stalled at the Baltimore 30 yard line, Lui Passaglia and Darren Flutie staged a fake field goal to gain a big first down, which changed the momentum of the game. McManus ran in from the two-yard line to tie the score at 20–20. After the teams traded field goals to make the score 23–23, McManus engineered another late-game drive to the Baltimore 37 yard line. Passaglia missed the field goal with just over one minute remaining, but the Lions' defence rose up to deny Baltimore and stop them cold within their own five-yard line. After a punt and a couple of runs to set up another field goal try, Passaglia converted a field goal with no time remaining on the clock to give the Lions an incredible 26–23 victory, the third Grey Cup championship in the team's history. Passaglia went on to win a well-deserved Grey Cup Most Valuable Canadian award for his heroics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.860684871673584, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 1995 season began with Grey Cup hero Danny McManus named as starting quarterback, replacing Kent Austin, who was traded to Toronto. Shelton Quarles was added to a strong linebacker corps. The season started with an exciting, late come-from-behind 37–34 victory over the Baltimore Stallions at BC Place. The Lions won their first three games before suffering a setback in Calgary. The Leos got back on track with a strong performance over Ottawa, and went on to a 7–1 record, challenging the Stampeders in the North Division. Injuries to key players during a three-game, 10-day road trip resulted in a late season swoon that the Lions could not recover from. A victory over Saskatchewan at B.C. Place in the regular season finale solidified 3rd place in the rugged Northern Division with a 10–8 record and a trip to Edmonton for the playoffs. The Lions' 1995 season came to an end with a 26–15 loss to the Eskimos in the semi-finals. Individually, Lions' running back Cory Philpot broke the CFL record for touchdowns in a season with 22, and won the Eddie James Memorial Trophy for the second year in a row as the Northern Division's leading rusher. Lui Passaglia ended the season with 3,160 career points. Jamie Taras won the DeMarco-Becket Memorial Trophy as the Northern Division's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.395850658416748, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Lions started the 1998 season off on the wrong foot, losing their first three games, before finally beating Saskatchewan in week four. The defence held their own, but the offence struggled. The low point of the year occurred on August 9, 1998, when the eventual Grey Cup champion Calgary Stampeders came into B.C. Place and beat the hometown Leos 55–9. With a record of 3–6–0, head coach Adam Rita resigned, and was replaced by Greg Mohns. The no nonsense approach of Mohns seemed to spark the team, as the Lions embarked on a memorable, six-game winning streak (which the team had not done since 1986) heading into the playoffs. The Lions, who finished 9–9 on the year, lost in the semi-finals to Edmonton in heartbreaking fashion, but showed promise for the upcoming season. Kicker Lui Passaglia won the Dave Dryburgh Memorial Trophy as the top scorer in the Western Division.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.630945205688477, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Expectations for the Lions were high as the 1999 season began, following the team's promising finish a year earlier, and with the announcement that the Grey Cup game would be played in Vancouver. Quality free agents such as slotback Don Blair and cornerback Eric Carter were brought in to add depth to an already impressive lineup, and with the likes of Robert Drummond and Jimmy “The Jet” Cunningham back in form following injury-plagued 1998 seasons, the Lions were primed for a successful season. The Lions started fast out of the gate, winning their first three games to set a new club record with nine straight regular season wins. The Lions either held sole possession of first place or were tied with Calgary throughout the season. The Lions ended the regular season with two straight wins, finishing first in the division with a 13–5 record, the Lions' best record since 1985, and the first divisional championship since 1987. the Lions' dream season came to a premature and heartbreaking end, as the Stamps beat the Lions 26–24 in the Lions' first home playoff game in 12 years. The Lions appeared to be driving toward a chance to kick a game-winning field goal in the last minute before Damon Allen fumbled the ball at mid-field, allowing the Stamps to kill off the remaining time. The Lions fielded three CFL All-Stars in 1999: slotback Jimmy Cunningham, centre Jamie Taras, and defensive tackle Johnny Scott. Linebacker Paul Lacoste was voted the CFL's top rookie, and was also awarded the Jackie Parker Trophy. Defensive end Daved Benefield was named the Western Division's top defensive player, while Jamie Taras won the DeMarco-Becket Memorial Trophy as the West's most outstanding offensive lineman, as well as the CFL Player's Association Outstanding Community Service Award.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.322606563568115, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "2000 Grey Cup champions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.567070960998535, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Lions began the 2000 campaign with only one goal in mind: win the Grey Cup. Six months later, the Lions would fulfill that destiny, but the path to the 88th Grey Cup was one of the most adventurous, unpredictable, and memorable ever in CFL history. The year started well enough, with victories over Hamilton and Saskatchewan, but a 35–2 loss to Calgary began a four-game losing streak and a lot of finger-pointing. A win over the Toronto Argonauts halted the slide, but following the game, head coach Greg Mohns resigned to join the XFL. Long-time CFL coach Steve Buratto, who joined the club only two weeks earlier as a receivers coach, was promoted to the top job, and got instant results with a huge 51–4 win over the Argos in the second of back-to-back games. Despite a promising start, the Lions only won one of their next five games to sit at 5–9 on Thanksgiving. Nevertheless, the Lions came together when it counted the most, winning three of their last four heading into the playoffs, and the offence gelling to become the best in the CFL that season. Quarterback Damon Allen broke Ron Lancaster's CFL record for career passing yardage. Lui Passaglia played in a memorable, “Luv Ya Lui” night at his final game at B.C. Place, and also set a CFL record for single season field goal percentage. The Lions finished the year 8–10 and in third place in the Western Division, but were the team other teams did not want to face in the playoffs. A snarly defence started to show its grit, and the Lions roared confidently into Edmonton and emerged with a 34–32 Western semi-final victory, thanks to a Passaglia field goal on the final play. The Lions next faced Calgary in the Western finals, and the Lions steamrolled to a decisive 37–23 win. The Leos' Cinderella season came to a close on November 26, 2000, in the Grey Cup at McMahon Stadium in Calgary, as the Lions won their fourth championship in team history with a nail biting 28–26 victory over the Montreal Alouettes. Running back Robert Drummond won the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player award, while backfield teammate Sean Millington took home the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian trophy. The Lions' triumph marked the first time a team with a sub-.500 regular season record won the Grey Cup, and it signalled a marvellous end to Lui Passaglia's outstanding, 25-year CFL career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.82625675201416, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 2004 season marked one of the Lions' best regular season records in club history. Going 13–5 and finishing 1st in the division, the Lions set a team record of 8 consecutive wins in a single season. In addition to club records, the season brought an array of individual performances to the forefront. Quarterback Casey Printers set a CFL record for highest single game completion average of 90.9% (completing 20 of 22 passing attempts) during an August, 2004 game against Hamilton. Outstanding slot back Geroy Simon tied three team records by catching four touchdown passes in the same game. After the conclusion of the regular season, Printers was named the CFL's Most Outstanding Player, while Jason Clermont won the Most Outstanding Canadian award. Printers and Simon joined 4-time All-Star linebacker Barrin Simpson as 2004 CFL All-Stars. The Lions, receiving a bye in the first round of the playoffs by virtue of their first place divisional finish, faced one of their biggest rivals, the Saskatchewan Roughriders. In a nail biting finish, the Lions defeated the Roughriders 27–25, in overtime. The Lions were then pitted against the Toronto Argonauts in the 92nd Grey Cup Championship, a rematch of the 2003 semi-finals. The Lions would not exact their revenge, losing 27–19. Jason Clermont won the Grey Cup Most Valuable Canadian award in the effort. The game was marked with controversy for the Lions, as Dave Dickenson got the start over Casey Printers, who had led the team through most of the season as Dickenson was injured.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.838473320007324, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Before and during the 2005 season there was controversy as to which quarterback should be the starter, Casey Printers or Dave Dickenson. Printers was the CFL's 2004 season Most Outstanding Player, but Dickenson was a veteran star destined for the Canadian Football Hall of Fame. Many felt that both were deserving. In any event, the team ultimately chose to go with Dickenson, despite his having been somewhat injury prone. The Lions came out of the gate roaring. Led by Dickenson and an outstanding receiving corps, the team strung together 11 consecutive wins. The final game of the win streak came on September 17, 2005, when the Leos squeaked past the Montreal Alouettes by a score of 27–26 when Don Matthews elected to go for a two-point conversion rather than tie the game. The Lions bid for an undefeated season came to a halt the very next week on September 24, 2005, when the Edmonton Eskimos defeated the Lions 37–20 at Commonwealth Stadium. Dickenson sustained a season-ending concussion and Printers took over as starting QB. The Lions won only one of their remaining seven games of the regular season. On November 20, 2005, the Lions lost in the Western Finals to the eventual Grey Cup champion Eskimos at B.C. Place. The game ended with a controversial \"non-call\" on the last play of the game; as what would have been Printers' game winning pass to slotback Geroy Simon appeared to have been interfered with by a defending Eskimo, and was ruled incomplete. Defensive end Brent Johnson was named a 2005 CFL All-Star, and won the Outstanding Canadian Award.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2336626052856445, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "2006 Grey Cup champions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.938518524169922, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "On November 19, the BC Lions captured their first Grey Cup Championship since 2000 by defeating the Montreal Alouettes 25–14 at Canad Inns Stadium in Winnipeg. Dave Dickenson was named the Most Valuable Player of the game, while Paul McCallum was named the Most Valuable Canadian. In the post-game exuberance, the team snapped the Grey Cup off the lower base with the engraved names, but it was repaired the following Monday. The game is also noted for kicker Paul McCallum going 6 for 6 in field goals, making him a perfect 11 for 11 in the post season. Coach Buono also used all three quarterbacks in the game: Dickenson, Pierce and third-string Jarious Jackson all took snaps.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.479515552520752, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In 2007 Offensive coordinator Jacques Chapdelaine left for the Edmonton Eskimos in the off-season, becoming their offensive coordinator and assistant head coach. The Lions' play-calling duties for the 2007 season would be handled by quarterbacks coach Steff Kruck, with play design by offensive line coach Dan Dorazio. Veteran linebacker Carl Kidd announced his retirement at the Grey Cup ring ceremony held just prior to training camp, while Bobby Singh was cut and soon picked up by the Calgary Stampeders. John Hufnagel guest-coached at training camp, having previously worked under Buono as offensive coordinator in Calgary in the 1990s. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.913995742797852, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "2007 proved to be one of the best seasons for the Lions, having set a new franchise record for the most regular season wins in club history. The season started off on a 5-game winning streak, including dominating wins over Edmonton (29–9) and Saskatchewan (42–12). However, the streak came to a hault on August 3, 2007, when the Leos suffered a 21–9 loss to the Saskatchewan Roughriders. The Lions had a little trouble getting back on track, as they suffered a loss to Winnipeg and a tie with Calgary. A 40–7 win over Toronto moved the Lions back into 1st place in the West Division, due to a Saskatchewan loss to Calgary. On September 22, 2007, the Lions battled their biggest foe, the Saskatchewan Roughriders, for the 1st place spot in the West Division. The Saskatchewan lead increased and decreased several times throughout the game. However, with Saskatchewan leading by 4, the Lions never gave up in the dying minutes of the game, and QB Jarious Jackson was able to find Geroy Simon in the endzone and pass the ball for a game winning 33 yard touchdown. The final result was an unexpected come-from-behind 37–34 victory for the Lions. The Lions went on to win all the rest of their games of the regular season and captured 1st place in the West Division for a fourth consecutive year. The Lions also finished with a regular season record of 14–3–1, The best in club history. The Lions felt confident heading into the Western Final, but their dreams of second consecutive Grey Cup title came to an end in a heartbreaking 26–17 loss to the eventual Grey Cup champions, the Saskatchewan Roughriders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8695921897888184, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 2009–10 offseason saw the club lose even more veterans, many who were cut by Buono, and others who left for the NFL. Quarterback Buck Pierce was released on March 9, 2010 after the return of Casey Printers meant that the injury-prone Pierce was expendable. The Lions also released former Special Teams Player of the Year Ian Smart, linebacker Javier Glatt and defensive back Lavar Glover, each of whom played a major role in the Lions' 2006 Grey Cup win. The team also lost Rolly Lumbala and Ryan Grice-Mullen to the NFL's Miami Dolphins, while rookie phenom Martell Mallett signed with the Philadelphia Eagles. Despite this, the club signed a number of proven CFL players, including Davis Sanchez and Keron Williams from the Montreal Alouettes, Jamal Robertson from the Toronto Argonauts and exiled former Bomber Derick Armstrong.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.812353610992432, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "2011 Grey Cup champions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.812082290649414, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Head coach Wally Buono announced shortly after the Grey Cup that he would step down as head coach but will remain as vice president and general manager. The BC Lions were named The Canadian Press Team of the Year for 2011 in voting by sports editors and broadcasters across Canada. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.426094055175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In 2011, Vancouver hosted the Grey Cup, the Canadian Football League (CFL) championship game which is awarded every year to a different city which has a CFL team. The BC Titans of the International Basketball League played their inaugural season in 2009, with home games at the Langley Event Centre. Vancouver is a centre for the fast-growing sport of Ultimate. During the summer of 2008 Vancouver hosted the World Ultimate Championships. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4459099769592285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vancouver" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Grey Cup is the name of both the championship game of the Canadian Football League (CFL) and the trophy awarded to the victorious team playing Canadian football. It is contested between the winners of the CFL's East and West Divisional playoffs and is one of Canadian television's largest annual sporting events. The Toronto Argonauts have 16 championships, more than any other team. The latest, the 103rd Grey Cup, took place in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on November 29, 2015, when the Edmonton Eskimos defeated the Ottawa Redblacks 26–20.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3587021827697754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The trophy was commissioned in 1909 by the Earl Grey, then Canada's governor general, who originally hoped to donate it for the country's senior amateur hockey championship. After the Allan Cup was later donated for that purpose, Grey instead made his trophy available as the \"Canadian Dominion Football Championship\" (national championship) of Canadian football. The trophy has a silver chalice attached to a large base on which the names of all winning teams, players and executives are engraved. The Grey Cup has been broken on several occasions, stolen twice and held for ransom. It survived a 1947 fire that destroyed numerous artifacts housed in the same building.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.456372261047363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Grey Cup was first won by the University of Toronto Varsity Blues. Play was suspended from 1916 to 1918 due to the First World War and in 1919 due to a rules dispute. The game has typically been contested in an east versus west format since the 1920s. Traditionally held on a Sunday at the end of November, the Grey Cup has been played in inclement weather at times, including the 1950 \"Mud Bowl,\" in which a player reportedly came close to drowning in a puddle, then the 1962 \"Fog Bowl,\" when the final nine minutes of the game had to be postponed to the following day due to a heavy fog, and the 1977 \"Ice Bowl,\" contested on the frozen-over artificial turf at Montreal's Olympic Stadium. The Edmonton Eskimos formed the Grey Cup's longest dynasty, winning five consecutive championships from 1978 to 1982. Competition for the trophy has been exclusively between Canadian teams, except for a three-year period from 1993 to 1995, when an expansion of the CFL south into the United States resulted in the Baltimore Stallions winning the 1995 championship and taking the Grey Cup south of the border for the first time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.812187671661377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The first Grey Cup game was held on December 4, 1909, between two Toronto clubs: the University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeated the Parkdale Canoe Club 26–6 before 3,800 fans. The trophy was not ready for presentation following the game, and the Varsity Blues did not receive it until March 1910. They retained the trophy in the following two years, defeating the Hamilton Tigers in 1910 and the Toronto Argonauts in 1911. The University of Toronto failed to reach the 1912 Grey Cup, which was won by the Hamilton Alerts over the Argonauts. The Varsity Blues refused to hand over the trophy on the belief they could keep it until they were defeated in a title game. They kept the trophy until 1914 when they were defeated by the Argonauts, who made the trophy available to subsequent champions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.531152248382568, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Canada's participation in the First World War resulted in the cancellation of the championship from 1916 to 1918, during which time the Cup was forgotten. Montreal Gazette writer Bob Dunn claimed that the trophy was later rediscovered as \"one of the family heirlooms\" of an employee of the Toronto trust company where it had been sent for storage. The Grey Cup game was also cancelled in 1919 due to a lack of interest from the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union (IRFU) and the intercollegiate unions, along with rules conflicts between the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) and the western union. Competition finally resumed in 1920 with the 8th Grey Cup game, won 16–3 by the Varsity Blues over the Argonauts. It was the University of Toronto's fourth, and final, championship. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.362557411193848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "As the quality of senior football improved, university teams realized they were no longer able to compete on equal footing and withdrew from competition for the Grey Cup in 1933. By 1938, only three unions continued to compete under the banner of the CRU: the IRFU and the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) in the east, and the Western Interprovincial Football Union (WIFU) in the west. The CRU experimented with a two-game, total points series to determine the champion in 1940. The Ottawa Rough Riders won both games against Toronto's Balmy Beach, 8–2 and 12–5. The Grey Cup returned to its one-game format the following year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.793745994567871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Both the IRFU and WIFU suspended operations in 1942 due to the Second World War. Grey Cup play was expected to be suspended along with the unions; however, the military felt the game and sport would serve as a morale booster and organized teams at bases across the country. For the following three years, Grey Cup competition was limited to military teams, and in the 1942 Grey Cup, the Toronto RCAF Hurricanes defeated the Winnipeg RCAF Bombers 8–5 to become the first non-civilian team to win the national championship. Two years later, the St. Hyacinthe–Donnacona Navy defeated the Hamilton Flying Wildcats, 7–6; no Grey Cup championship since then has featured two eastern teams. The conclusion of the war led to the reformation of civilian teams; the IRFU resumed play in 1945, and the WIFU the following year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.460489273071289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "A push by the sport's organizers to adopt an increasingly professional attitude dominated the post-war period: poor field conditions, previously accepted as part of the game, resulted in numerous complaints against the CRU following the 1949 and 1950 Grey Cups. Field conditions at Toronto's Varsity Stadium were so poor in 1950 that the game has since gained infamy as the \"Mud Bowl\". Deep ruts in the field and poor weather in the days leading up to the game resulted in a sloppy field covered in large puddles of water. The game also gained notoriety for the near drowning of Winnipeg's Buddy Tinsley, who was found face down in a large puddle, apparently unconscious. Tinsley later said that he had not lost consciousness, but his leg had gone numb from a hard hit to a preexisting injury. Toronto won the game 13–0, the last time a team has been shut out in a Grey Cup game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31663703918457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The ORFU, the last purely amateur union competing for the Grey Cup, withdrew from Cup competition in 1954. Although the IRFU and WIFU champions had faced each other in the Grey Cup final since 1945, the ORFU's withdrawal left the IRFU and WIFU unchallenged as Canada's top football unions. The Eskimos faced the Montreal Alouettes in three consecutive Grey Cups in the mid-1950s, winning all three. Edmonton's third title in 1956 ended in bizarre fashion: after Jackie Parker scored a touchdown late in the game that gave Edmonton a 50–27 lead, fans swarmed the field in celebration. Once officials cleared the field, they discovered that the game ball had disappeared into the crowd. Unable to find another, officials declared the game over. Edmonton was unable to attempt the conversion on their final touchdown. The game also marked the end of the amateur era as the top teams completed their transition to professional organizations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.716611862182617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "As the 1950s wore on, the IRFU and WIFU distanced themselves from the CRU, forming the Canadian Football Council in 1956 to administer the game at the professional level. Two years later, on January 18, 1958, the CFC withdrew from the CRU and reorganized as the Canadian Football League (CFL). The new league formally assumed control of the Grey Cup from the CRU. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.357988357543945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Winnipeg and Hamilton met again in 1962, the 50th Grey Cup, immortalized as the \"Fog Bowl\". The game was held at Toronto's Exhibition Stadium, and began on Saturday, December 1, 1962. The fog rolled in early in the second quarter and became increasingly dense as the game progressed. By the fourth quarter, the players were unable to see the sideline markers and the fans unable to see the play. The players were unable to see the ball in the air – kick returners listened for the sound of the ball hitting the ground – and the action was largely invisible to the television audience. With nine minutes and twenty-nine seconds remaining in the game and Winnipeg holding onto a 28–27 lead, officials made the unprecedented decision to suspend play until the next day. Though the league feared that continuing fog on the morning of December 2 would force the complete abandonment of the game, it lifted in time for the contest to resume. Around 15,000 of the original 32,655 spectators watched Winnipeg win the Grey Cup without further scoring by either team. It was the first title game completed on a Sunday; the Grey Cup moved from its traditional Saturday start to Sunday in 1969. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.789312362670898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Montreal Alouettes' 1970 Grey Cup championship, an upset win over the favoured Calgary Stampeders, served as a morale booster for the city of Montreal, which was reeling in the aftermath of the October Crisis. The 1970s belonged to the Edmonton Eskimos, however, as they ended the decade as one of the most dominant teams in CFL history, reaching the Grey Cup nine times between 1973 and 1982. The team competed in three consecutive finals early in the decade, losing to Ottawa in 1973 and Montreal in 1974, before winning the franchise's fourth championship in 1975. The 1975 championship was held in Calgary and was the first Grey Cup played on the Canadian Prairies. A young woman infamously streaked across the field during the national anthem despite frigid temperatures well below freezing. The only time the Eskimos did not reach the Grey Cup final during this span was in 1976, when the Saskatchewan Roughriders met the Ottawa Rough Riders. Both teams would fight a see-saw battle, which was decided in the dying seconds of the game when Ottawa quarterback Tom Clements threw to Tony Gabriel, which stood out as the winning touchdown, 23-20. The 1977 Grey Cup was the first held at Olympic Stadium in Montreal, contested by the home town Alouettes and the Eskimos in front of a record crowd of 68,318. The game became known as the \"Ice Bowl\", as low temperatures froze snow on the field that had been melted by groundskeepers with salt, making the artificial turf extremely slippery. The Alouettes adapted to the field conditions by affixing staples to the soles of their shoes, improving their traction, and won the game by a 41–6 score.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.864119052886963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Upset at losing the 1977 game under poor weather conditions, the Eskimos hoped for a rematch with Montreal in 1978. Both teams reached the final game, which Edmonton won 20–13. It was the first of five consecutive championships, a streak that remains unmatched in the history of the Grey Cup. The Eskimos' dynasty dominated the league, losing a total of only six games during the three seasons from 1979 to 1981. The 1981 Grey Cup was expected to be yet another easy win for Edmonton, who posted a 14–1–1 record during the season and were considered overwhelming favourites against the 5–11 Ottawa Rough Riders. The first half did not go as Edmonton hoped, though, as Ottawa emerged with a 20–1 lead. Quarterback Warren Moon led the Eskimos back in the second half, and with the game tied at 23, Dave Cutler kicked the game-winning field goal with just three seconds remaining. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.841745376586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Declining interest in the CFL during the 1990s left the league in financial difficulty. Hoping to restore the league's credibility with fans, a new ownership group featuring Bruce McNall, hockey player Wayne Gretzky and actor John Candy purchased the Toronto Argonauts in 1991 and lured American college standout Rocket Ismail to Canada with a four-year, $26.2 million contract which made him the highest paid player in football history at that time. The Argonauts reached the 1991 Grey Cup and defeated the Calgary Stampeders 36–21. With 261 all-purpose yards on the game, including a then-Grey Cup record 87-yard kickoff return for a touchdown, Ismael was named Grey Cup Most Valuable Player. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.300712585449219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The potential for the league to enter the American market was discussed in 1987 when operators of the defunct United States Football League approached the CFL about merging the two leagues. The league showed little interest at the time, but as it continued its decline, the CFL reevaluated its position. In 1992, the CFL announced that it would expand into the United States. The Sacramento Gold Miners joined the league and became the first American team eligible to win the Grey Cup. The league added three additional American teams in 1994 and two in 1995 (with one team folding), but the initiative failed in most markets, and by 1996, the CFL again operated exclusively within Canada. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.376752853393555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The lone successful American market was in Baltimore, home to the Stallions. The team averaged over 35,000 fans per game in its inaugural season, nearly double that of Toronto or Hamilton. They matched that success on the field by becoming the first American team to play in the Grey Cup. The BC Lions kept the Grey Cup in Canada with a 26–23 victory in the 1994 final. Baltimore returned to the title game one year later and became the only American team to win the trophy by defeating the Calgary Stampeders, 37–20. The relocation of the National Football League's Cleveland Browns to Baltimore in 1996 caused the Stallions to seek a new city to avoid direct competition with an NFL team. The team moved to Montreal, forming the current incarnation of the Alouettes franchise and ending the CFL's excursion into the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.179999351501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The league approached the 1996 Grey Cup in dire financial straits: the American expansion had been a failure, the 120-year-old Ottawa Rough Riders franchise ceased operations at the conclusion of the regular season, and out of the eight remaining teams, seven had lost money and two required direct assistance from the league to stay afloat. The Edmonton Eskimos could not afford to bring their players' families to the championship game. The Toronto Star echoed fears spoken by fans and media across the country when it asked if the 1996 championship, won by Toronto over Edmonton, would be the final Grey Cup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.706693172454834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "While the league struggled, the Grey Cup game itself retained its popularity and remained a national institution. The strength of the contest allowed the league to endure its challenges. The CFL survived into 1997 and was buoyed by a new television deal with The Sports Network which, along with the launch of its popular Friday Night Football program, has been credited with saving the league. That year's Grey Cup, held in Edmonton and won by Toronto, drew nearly 22,000 more fans than the previous year. The CFL restored its reputation over time, enjoying new popularity into the 2000s such that it no longer had to rely on an exciting Grey Cup final to achieve stability for the next season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.189945220947266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "In 2000, the 8–10 BC Lions made history when they defeated the Montreal Alouettes, 28–26, becoming the first team in history to win the Grey Cup with a losing record in the regular season. In the game, 25-year veteran Lui Passaglia ended the longest career in CFL history by kicking what was ultimately the game-winning field goal. The Calgary Stampeders matched the Lions' feat the next year by becoming the second 8–10 team to win the Grey Cup, defeating the Winnipeg Blue Bombers by a 27–19 score in front of 65,255 fans, the second largest crowd in the game's history. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.107684373855591, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 2005 Grey Cup was the second overtime game in Grey Cup history, and the first one using the league's shootout overtime format (introduced in 2000). Both the Eskimos and Alouettes scored touchdowns on their first possessions, while Edmonton scored a field goal in its second and held Montreal scoreless to win the game by a 38–35 score. The game was played in the middle of a stretch of eight Grey Cup appearances by the Alouettes between 2000 and 2010. In 2009, they defeated the Roughriders in dramatic fashion: placekicker Damon Duval missed a last-second field goal attempt that appeared to give Saskatchewan the victory. However, the Riders were penalized for having too many men on the field, allowing Duval a second opportunity. His second attempt was successful, giving Montreal a 28–27 victory. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.320019721984863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 100th Grey Cup game was played on November 25, 2012 at the Rogers Centre in Toronto between the Toronto Argonauts and the Calgary Stampeders. The Toronto Argonauts won the Grey Cup with a score of 35–22. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.51603889465332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "As per a new title sponsorship deal with Shaw Communications announced in May 2015, the event will henceforth be known as the Grey Cup presented by Shaw.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.210530281066895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The 104th Grey Cup game will be played at BMO Field in Toronto, which became the new home of the Argonauts beginning in the 2016 season. After being promised the 102nd Grey Cup game as an incentive to rejoin the league, the 105th Grey Cup game will be played at TD Place Stadium in Ottawa in 2017, as part of celebrations to mark 150 years of Confederation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.94127368927002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The trophy was commissioned in 1909 at a cost of $48. The chalice is made of sterling silver and stands 33 cm tall. Its original base was made of wood, with silver shields listing each championship year and winning team's name, beginning with the University of Toronto Varsity Blues. The players of the 1915 championship Hamilton team, apparently as revenge for Toronto's refusal to relinquish the trophy in 1912 and 1913, added a shield for the 1908 Tigers team to give the appearance that their organization had won the first Grey Cup. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.124996185302734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "A 1947 fire destroyed the clubhouse of the Toronto Argonaut Rowing Club and damaged the Grey Cup. Many other trophies and artifacts in the clubhouse melted or were damaged beyond repair but the Grey Cup survived by catching onto a nail when the shelf upon which it sat collapsed. The trophy has been broken on six other occasions: in 1978, when it was dropped by celebrating Edmonton Eskimos players; in 1987, when an Eskimos' player sat on it; in 1993, when Edmonton's Blake Dermott head-butted it; in 2006, when the trophy broke away from its base as the BC Lions celebrated their victory; in 2012 when one of the handles broke off as the Toronto Argonauts celebrated; and finally in 2014 when trophy broke from its base again by the Calgary Stampeders after their win. The CFL commissioned a replica of the trophy in 2008. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8658947944641113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The current design of the Grey Cup's base was introduced in 1987. The base stands 84 cm high and is made of black-lacquered aluminum with silver plates engraved with the names of each winning team's players and executives since 1909. The trophy, one of Canada's best known symbols, will run out of room for new additions following the 2012 Grey Cup. The league has announced that the base will be redesigned but will remain similar in shape to its current design. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.961987495422363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Members of the winning teams are allowed time to celebrate with the trophy in their own fashion, often taking it to their home towns or tours in locations across Canada. The board of directors for the Canadian Football Hall of Fame act as the Grey Cup's trustees and control its rental for events. The trophy is accompanied by a designated representative of the Hall of Fame at all times. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.466362953186035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Grey Cup festival", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.937356948852539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Each year, the host city organizes numerous events as part of the annual Grey Cup festival. Gala concerts, parties, and fan festivals are held in the days leading up to the championship game. The CFL hands out its annual awards during the festival, and an annual Grey Cup parade is held. Historically, the festival also featured the \"Miss Grey Cup\" beauty pageant. The game itself includes a halftime show, often featuring performances by well-known Canadian musical acts such as Nickelback, who performed at the 2011 game. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.589275360107422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Nicknamed Canada's \"Grand National Drunk\", the Grey Cup party originated in the 1948 championship when hundreds of Calgary Stampeders fans descended on Toronto for their team's first appearance in the game. Bringing chuckwagons and horses, the fans organized a pancake breakfast – a staple of the Calgary Stampede – for bewildered Torontonians. According to historian Hugh Dempsey, \"The Grey Cup was just another game until Calgary went down to Toronto with chuckwagons and everything and turned it into an event.\" The Stampeders won the game on the strength of the \"sleeper play\", a touchdown scored by Norm Hill after he hid himself from the Ottawa defence by lying down on the sidelines, as if asleep. He received the pass from quarterback Keith Spaith while still on his back. The victory completed the only undefeated season in the history of Canadian professional football. The boisterous celebrations that followed the win gave rise to the legend of Calgary alderman and future mayor Don Mackay riding his horse into the lobby of the Royal York Hotel. This event was repeated in the 2012 Grey Cup game in Toronto to much of the delight of the fans of both teams. The Calgary Grey Cup Committee maintains the tradition of organizing a pancake breakfast at each year's championship. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.464151859283447, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "A 2012 survey found that Canadians consider the Grey Cup to be the most important annual event to attend. Fans of all teams converge at the game venue, including some who have attended 60 or more Grey Cups. The influx of people from across the country is estimated to have an economic impact of over $120 million for the region hosting the championship game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.523810386657715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Individually, three players have won seven Grey Cups: Jack Wedley (Toronto, Montreal Navy), Bill Stevenson (Edmonton) and Hank Ilesic (Edmonton, Toronto). Ilesic is one of seven players to appear in nine Grey Cup games. Among quarterbacks, Anthony Calvillo appeared in a record eight games, winning three. Five coaches share the record for Grey Cup championships at five: Wally Buono (the CFL's all-time leader in wins), Don Matthews, Frank Clair, Hugh Campbell and Lew Hayman. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.099384784698486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Two individual awards are handed out following each game. The Most Valuable Player award is given to the top performer in the Grey Cup. Between 1974 and 1990, the league named both offensive and defensive most valuable players. Three people have been named MVP on three occasions: Doug Flutie, Damon Allen and Sonny Wade. The Dick Suderman Trophy is given to the most valuable Canadian. It is named in honour of Dick Suderman, who died of a brain hemorrhage in 1972 while an active player for the Edmonton Eskimos. Dave Sapunjis and Don Sweet have each won the award three times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.226263046264648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The city of Toronto has hosted the most Grey Cup games with 47, including 30 of the first 45 games played. The first game was held on December 4, 1909, at Rosedale Field. Hamilton and Ottawa hosted several early games while Sarnia and Kingston each hosted one as the game's early years were dominated by teams in southern Ontario. The Grey Cup game and champion first left the province in 1931, when Montreal hosted the event and the Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers won the 19th Grey Cup. The game did not leave central Canada until 1955 when the 43rd Grey Cup was played in Vancouver. That contest achieved what was at the time an all-time Canadian football attendance record of 39,491. It was the first of 16 games hosted by the British Columbia city, second among all host cities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.212100505828857, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The Grey Cup game was first broadcast on radio in 1928. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) carried radio coverage of the game for 51 years until 1986, when a network of private broadcasters took over. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.628996849060059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "Canadian television was in its infancy in 1952 when Toronto's CBLT paid $7,500 for the rights to carry the first televised broadcast of a Grey Cup game. Within two years, it was estimated that 80 percent of the nation's 900,000 television sets were tuned into the game, even though the first national telecast did not occur until 1957. The Grey Cup continues to be one of Canada's most-viewed sporting events. The 1962 \"Fog Bowl\" game was the first Grey Cup to be broadcast on American television.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.213894844055176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" }, { "answer": "Grey Cup", "passage": "The CFL operated the Canadian Football Network, a coalition of private broadcasters that shared league games and the Grey Cup with the CBC, from 1987 to 1990. CBC then broadcast the championship game alone until 2007, when the CFL sold exclusive rights to all games, including the Grey Cup, to specialty channel The Sports Network (TSN) and its French-language sister station Réseau des sports (RDS), a deal that was criticized by Canadians without cable access. Nonetheless, TSN and RDS achieved a record audience for the 2009 Grey Cup, with 6.1 million Canadians watching the game in its entirety, and over 14 million viewing at least part of the contest. Viewership has declined in recent years, and in 2014, about 33%, of Canadians watched at least some of the game, peaking at 5.1 million viewers in the fourth quarter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.700592041015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grey Cup" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "John C. Roberts Jr.", "John G Roberts, Jr", "John Glover Roberts Junior", "John C. Roberts, Jr", "John G. Roberts Jr.", "John Robert", "Judge John G. Roberts Jr.", "Chief Justice John Roberts", "John Roberts (judge)", "John Glover Roberts Jr.", "Justice John Roberts", "Jane Sullivan Roberts", "John Roberts Jr", "Judge John G. Roberts, Jr.", "John G. Roberts, Jr", "Chief justice nominee", "John g roberts", "John Glover Roberts, Jr.", "Chief Justice Roberts", "John C Roberts Jr.", "John Roberts", "John C. Roberts, Jr.", "John Roberts, Jr", "John G Roberts Jr", "John c roberts jr", "John G. Roberts, Jnr.", "Chief Justice nominee", "Roberts, John", "John Roberts (justice)", "John G Roberts", "John Glover Roberts Jnr", "John G. Roberts, Jnr", "John C Roberts, Jr", "John C Roberts Jr", "John G. Roberts, Junior", "John G. Roberts, Jr.", "John G. Roberts Jr", "John G. Roberts Junior", "John C. Roberts Jr", "John G. Roberts", "John G. Roberts Jnr.", "John Glover Roberts, Junior", "John G. Roberts Jnr", "John G Roberts Jr.", "John Glover Roberts", "John Roberts (Chief Justice)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "john glover roberts", "john roberts", "chief justice roberts", "john g roberts junior", "john glover roberts jnr", "chief justice john roberts", "john g roberts jnr", "john c roberts jr", "john glover roberts junior", "jane sullivan roberts", "john glover roberts jr", "john roberts chief justice", "john roberts judge", "john g roberts jr", "chief justice nominee", "john g roberts", "john roberts jr", "roberts john", "john robert", "john roberts justice", "judge john g roberts jr", "justice john roberts" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "john roberts", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "John Roberts" }

[ { "answer": "John Roberts", "passage": "Following the announcement of Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor's retirement on July 1, 2005, Bush nominated John Roberts to succeed her. On September 5, following the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, this nomination was withdrawn and Bush instead nominated Roberts for Chief Justice to succeed Rehnquist. Roberts was confirmed by the Senate as the 17th Chief Justice on September 29, 2005.", "precise_score": 8.581679344177246, "rough_score": 7.359577655792236, "source": "wiki", "title": "George W. Bush" }, { "answer": "Chief Justice Roberts", "passage": "Four of the current justices are assigned to circuits on which they previously sat as circuit judges: Chief Justice Roberts (D.C. Circuit), Justice Breyer (First Circuit), Justice Alito (Third Circuit), and Justice Kennedy (Ninth Circuit).", "precise_score": -1.7298228740692139, "rough_score": -2.7881650924682617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "answer": "John Roberts", "passage": "Because justices have indefinite tenure, timing of vacancies can be unpredictable. Sometimes vacancies arise in quick succession, as in the early 1970s when Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. and William Rehnquist were nominated to replace Hugo Black and John Marshall Harlan II, who retired within a week of each other. Sometimes a great length of time passes between nominations, such as the eleven years between Stephen Breyer's nomination in 1994 to succeed Harry Blackmun and the nomination of John Roberts in 2005 to fill the seat of Sandra Day O'Connor (though Roberts' nomination was withdrawn and resubmitted for the role of Chief Justice after Rehnquist died).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.484267234802246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "answer": "Chief Justice Roberts", "passage": "Following the death of Antonin Scalia in February 2016, the Court consists of four justices appointed by Republican presidents and four appointed by Democratic presidents. It is popularly accepted that Chief Justice Roberts and justices Thomas and Alito (appointed by Republican presidents) comprise the Court's conservative wing. Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan (appointed by Democratic presidents) comprise the Court's liberal wing. Justice Kennedy (appointed by President Reagan) is generally considered \"a conservative who has occasionally voted with liberals\", and up until Justice Scalia's death, was often the swing vote that determined the outcome of cases divided between the conservative and liberal wings.See also SCOTUSblog's Stat Pack: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2448570728302, "source": "wiki", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "answer": "Chief Justice Roberts", "passage": "In the October 2012 term, the Court decided 78 cases. Five of them were decided in unsigned opinions. 38 out of the 78 decisions (representing 49% of the decisions) were unanimous in judgement, with 24 decisions being completely unanimous (a single opinion with every justice that participated joining it). This was the largest percentage of unanimous decisions that the Court had in ten years, since the October 2002 term (when 51% of the decisions handed down were unanimous). The Court split 5-4 in 23 cases (29% of the total); of these, 16 broke down along the traditionally perceived ideological lines, with Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia, Thomas, and Alito on one side, Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor and Kagan on the other, and Justice Kennedy holding the balance. Of these 16 cases, Justice Kennedy sided with the conservatives on 10 cases, and with the liberals on 6. Three cases were decided by an interesting alignment of justices, with Chief Justice Roberts joined by Justices Kennedy, Thomas, Breyer and Alito in the majority, with Justices Scalia, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan in the minority. The greatest agreement between justices was between Ginsburg and Kagan, who agreed on 72 of the 75 cases in which both voted; the lowest agreement between justices was between Ginsburg and Alito, who agreed only on 45 out of 77 cases in which they both participated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.289222717285156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "answer": "Chief Justice Roberts", "passage": "Each Supreme Court justice hires several law clerks to review petitions for writ of certiorari, research them, prepare bench memorandums, and draft opinions. Associate justices are allowed four clerks. The chief justice is allowed five clerks, but Chief Justice Rehnquist hired only three per year, and Chief Justice Roberts usually hires only four. Generally, law clerks serve a term of one to two years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.897624969482422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "answer": "John G. Roberts, Jr", "passage": "Six Supreme Court justices previously clerked for other justices: Byron White clerked for Frederick M. Vinson, John Paul Stevens clerked for Wiley Rutledge, Stephen Breyer clerked for Arthur Goldberg, William H. Rehnquist clerked for Robert H. Jackson, John G. Roberts, Jr. clerked for William H. Rehnquist, and Elena Kagan clerked for Thurgood Marshall. Many of the justices have also clerked in the federal Courts of Appeals. Justice Samuel Alito clerked for Judge Leonard I. Garth of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and Elena Kagan clerked for Judge Abner J. Mikva of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.547325134277344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "answer": "John Roberts", "passage": "* Judicial activism: The Supreme Court has been criticized for not keeping within Constitutional bounds by engaging in judicial activism, rather than merely interpreting law and exercising judicial restraint. Claims of judicial activism are not confined to any particular ideology. An often cited example of conservative judicial activism is the 1905 decision in Lochner v. New York, which has been criticized by many prominent thinkers, including Robert Bork, Justice Antonin Scalia, and Chief Justice John Roberts. An often cited example of liberal judicial activism is Roe v. Wade (1973), which legalized abortion in part on the basis of the \"right to privacy\" expressed in the Fourteenth Amendment, a reasoning that some critics argued was circuitous. Legal scholars, justices, and presidential candidates have criticized the Roe decision. The progressive Brown v. Board of Education decision has been criticized by conservatives such as Patrick Buchanan and former presidential contender Barry Goldwater. More recently, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission was criticized for changing the long-standing view that the first amendment did not apply to the corporation. Lincoln warned, referring to the Dred Scott decision, that if government policy became \"irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court...the people will have ceased to be their own rulers.\" Former justice Thurgood Marshall justified judicial activism with these words: \"You do what you think is right and let the law catch up.\" During different historical periods, the Court has leaned in different directions. Critics from both sides complain that activist-judges abandon the Constitution and substitute their own views instead. Critics include writers such as Andrew Napolitano, Phyllis Schlafly, Mark R. Levin, Mark I. Sutherland, and James MacGregor Burns. Past presidents from both parties have attacked judicial activism, including Franklin D. Roosevelt, Richard Nixon, and Ronald Reagan. Failed Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork wrote: \"What judges have wrought is a coup d'état, – slow-moving and genteel, but a coup d'état nonetheless.\" Senator Al Franken quipped that when politicians talk about judicial activism, \"their definition of an activist judge is one who votes differently than they would like.\" One law professor claimed in a 1978 article that the Supreme Court is in some respects \"certainly a legislative body.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.684211730957031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "JBLM", "History of Joint Base Lewis–McChord", "History of Joint Base Lewis-McChord", "Lewis-McChord", "Joint Base Lewis McChord", "Joint Base Lewis–McChord", "Joint Base Lewis-McChord", "Lewis-Mcchord" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "history of joint base lewis mcchord", "lewis mcchord", "jblm", "history of joint base lewis–mcchord", "joint base lewis mcchord", "joint base lewis–mcchord" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "joint base lewis mcchord", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Joint Base Lewis-McChord" }

[ { "answer": "Joint Base Lewis-McChord", "passage": "The city is located several miles north of Joint Base Lewis-McChord, formerly known separately as Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base.", "precise_score": -4.102786540985107, "rough_score": -9.051058769226074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tacoma, Washington" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Polished rice(medical)", "Palay", "IRRI-6 White Long Grain Rice", "Grain of rice", "Rice cultivation in Sri Lanka", "Chaaval", "Boro rice", "Rice", "Tjereh rice", "Paddy (unmilled rice)", "Rice in Sri Lanka", "Rlce", "Aus rice", "Rice in Asia", "Rice farmer", "Rice plant", "Rice (crop)", "Rice cultivation", "Rice gadu", "Chawal", "Vietnam Long Grain Rice", "🌾", "PK-386 White Long Grain rice", "IRRI-9 White Long Grain Rice", "Buly rice", "Grains of rice", "Making rice", "Simple rice", "Plain cooked rice", "Bhat (food)", "Rice farming" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "rice", "rice crop", "tjereh rice", "rice farmer", "vietnam long grain rice", "buly rice", "simple rice", "rice in asia", "polished rice medical", "rlce", "rice farming", "🌾", "boro rice", "grain of rice", "rice cultivation in sri lanka", "aus rice", "chaaval", "making rice", "palay", "rice in sri lanka", "irri 9 white long grain rice", "plain cooked rice", "pk 386 white long grain rice", "rice plant", "grains of rice", "bhat food", "paddy unmilled rice", "rice cultivation", "irri 6 white long grain rice", "rice gadu", "chawal" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "rice", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Rice" }

[ { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Maize, wheat, and rice together accounted for 89% of all cereal production worldwide in 2012, and 43% of all food calories in 2009, while the production of oats and triticale have drastically fallen from their 1960s levels.", "precise_score": 5.2913408279418945, "rough_score": 6.440775394439697, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cereal" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. The United States produces 40% of the world's harvest; other top producing countries include China, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, India, France and Argentina. Worldwide production was 817 million tonnes in 2009—more than rice (678 million tonnes) or wheat (682 million tonnes). In 2009, over 159 million hectares (390 million acres) of maize were planted worldwide, with a yield of over 5 tonnes per hectare (80 bu/acre). Production can be significantly higher in certain regions of the world; 2009 forecasts for production in Iowa were 11614 kg/ha (185 bu/acre). ", "precise_score": 2.817641496658325, "rough_score": 4.668185710906982, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maize" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a cereal grain, (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis) originally from the Levant region of the Near East but now cultivated worldwide. In 2013, world production of wheat was 713 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize (1,016 million tons) and rice (745 million tons). Wheat was the second most-produced cereal in 2009; world production in that year was 682 million tons, after maize (817 million tons), and with rice as a close third (679 million tons).", "precise_score": 5.489134311676025, "rough_score": 6.79843807220459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "This grain is grown on more land area than any other commercial food. World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. Globally, wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, having a higher protein content than the other major cereals maize (corn) and rice. In terms of total production tonnages used for food, it is currently second to rice as the main human food crop and ahead of maize, after allowing for maize's more extensive use in animal feeds. The archaeological record suggests that this first occurred in the regions known as the Fertile Crescent.", "precise_score": 3.3392839431762695, "rough_score": 4.29958438873291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "In 2011, global per capita wheat consumption was 65 kg, with the highest per capita consumption of 210 kg found in Azerbaijan. In 1997, global wheat consumption was 101 kg per capita, with the highest consumption 623 kg per capita in Denmark, but most of this (81%) was for animal feed. Wheat is the primary food staple in North Africa and the Middle East, and is growing in popularity in Asia. Unlike rice, wheat production is more widespread globally though China's share is almost one-sixth of the world.", "precise_score": -1.0071213245391846, "rough_score": -0.25174573063850403, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "In their natural form (as in whole grain), they are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils, and protein. When refined by the removal of the bran and germ, the remaining endosperm is mostly carbohydrate. In some developing nations, grain in the form of rice, wheat, millet, or maize constitutes a majority of daily sustenance. In developed nations, cereal consumption is moderate and varied but still substantial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.947607040405273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cereal" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Early Neolithic villages show evidence of the ability to process grain, and the Near East is the ancient home of the ancestors of wheat, barley and peas. There is evidence of the cultivation of figs in the Jordan Valley as long as 11,300 years ago, and cereal (grain) production in Syria approximately 9,000 years ago. During the same period, farmers in China began to farm rice and millet, using man-made floods and fires as part of their cultivation regimen. Fiber crops were domesticated as early as food crops, with China domesticating hemp, cotton being developed independently in Africa and South America, and the Near East domesticating flax. The use of soil amendments, including manure, fish, compost and ashes, appears to have begun early, and developed independently in several areas of the world, including Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley and Eastern Asia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.099230766296387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cereal" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "The first cereal grains were domesticated by early primitive humans. About 8,000 years ago, they were domesticated by ancient farming communities in the Fertile Crescent region. Emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, and barley were three of the so-called Neolithic founder crops in the development of agriculture. Around the same time, millets and rices were starting to become domesticated in east Asia. Sorghum and millets were also being domesticated in sub-Saharan West Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8812456130981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cereal" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "* Wild rice, grown in small amounts in North America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.750436782836914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cereal" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "The warm-season cereals are grown in tropical lowlands year-round and in temperate climates during the frost-free season. Rice is commonly grown in flooded fields, though some strains are grown on dry land. Other warm climate cereals, such as sorghum, are adapted to arid conditions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.798551559448242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cereal" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Some grains are deficient in the essential amino acid lysine. That is why many vegetarian cultures, in order to get a balanced diet, combine their diet of grains with legumes. Many legumes, on the other hand, are deficient in the essential amino acid methionine, which grains contain. Thus, a combination of legumes with grains forms a well-balanced diet for vegetarians. Common examples of such combinations are dal (lentils) with rice by South Indians and Bengalis, dal with wheat in Pakistan and North India, and beans with corn tortillas, tofu with rice, and peanut butter with wheat bread (as sandwiches) in several other cultures, including Americans.Vogel, Steven (2003). Prime Mover – A Natural History of Muscle. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., USA, p. 301. ISBN 039332463X. The amount of crude protein found in grain is measured as the grain crude protein concentration. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.883933067321777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cereal" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "* Northern armyworm, Oriental armyworm or Rice ear-cutting caterpillar (Mythimna separata)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385943412780762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maize" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Maize is increasingly used as a feedstock for the production of ethanol fuel. Ethanol is mixed with gasoline to decrease the amount of pollutants emitted when used to fuel motor vehicles. High fuel prices in mid-2007 led to higher demand for ethanol, which in turn led to higher prices paid to farmers for maize. This led to the 2007 harvest being one of the most profitable maize crops in modern history for farmers. Because of the relationship between fuel and maize, prices paid for the crop now tend to track the price of oil. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.317521095275879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maize" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "The price of food is affected to a certain degree by the use of maize for biofuel production. The cost of transportation, production, and marketing are a large portion (80%) of the price of food in the United States. Higher energy costs affect these costs, especially transportation. The increase in food prices the consumer has been seeing is mainly due to the higher energy cost. The effect of biofuel production on other food crop prices is indirect. Use of maize for biofuel production increases the demand, and therefore price of maize. This, in turn, results in farm acreage being diverted from other food crops to maize production. This reduces the supply of the other food crops and increases their prices. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.072630882263184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maize" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Increasingly, ethanol is being used at low concentrations (10% or less) as an additive in gasoline (gasohol) for motor fuels to increase the octane rating, lower pollutants, and reduce petroleum use (what is nowadays also known as \"biofuels\" and has been generating an intense debate regarding the human beings' necessity of new sources of energy, on the one hand, and the need to maintain, in regions such as Latin America, the food habits and culture which has been the essence of civilizations such as the one originated in Mesoamerica; the entry, January 2008, of maize among the commercial agreements of NAFTA has increased this debate, considering the bad labor conditions of workers in the fields, and mainly the fact that NAFTA \"opened the doors to the import of maize from the United States, where the farmers who grow it receive multimillion dollar subsidies and other government supports. (...) According to OXFAM UK, after NAFTA went into effect, the price of maize in Mexico fell 70% between 1994 and 2001. The number of farm jobs dropped as well: from 8.1 million in 1993 to 6.8 million in 2002. Many of those who found themselves without work were small-scale maize growers.\"). However, introduction in the northern latitudes of the US of [http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/news/stories/news4169.html tropical maize for biofuels], and not for human or animal consumption, may potentially alleviate this.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.37788200378418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maize" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Maize is bought and sold by investors and price speculators as a tradable commodity using corn futures contracts. These \"futures\" are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) under ticker symbol C. They are delivered every year in March, May, July, September, and December. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.632040023803711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maize" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "* Growing season, such as winter wheat vs. spring wheat.Bridgwater, W. & Beatrice Aldrich. (1966) The Columbia-Viking Desk Encyclopedia. Columbia University. p. 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.097440719604492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Red wheats may need bleaching; therefore, white wheats usually command higher prices than red wheats on the commodities market.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.462579727172852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "Wheat is grown on more than 218000000 ha, larger than for any other crop. World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. With rice, wheat is the world's most favored staple food. It is a major diet component because of the wheat plant's agronomic adaptability with the ability to grow from near arctic regions to equator, from sea level to plains of Tibet, approximately 4000 m above sea level. In addition to agronomic adaptability, wheat offers ease of grain storage and ease of converting grain into flour for making edible, palatable, interesting and satisfying foods. Wheat is the most important source of carbohydrate in a majority of countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8928859233856201, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "In recent years, low international wheat prices have often encouraged farmers in the United States to change to more profitable crops. In 1998, the price at harvest was $2.68 per bushel. USDA report revealed that in 1998, average operating costs were $1.43 per bushel and total costs were $3.97 per bushel. In that study, farm wheat yields averaged 41.7 bushels per acre (2.2435 metric ton/hectare), and typical total wheat production value was $31,900 per farm, with total farm production value (including other crops) of $173,681 per farm, plus $17,402 in government payments. There were significant profitability differences between low- and high-cost farms, mainly due to crop yield differences, location, and farm size.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.270649433135986, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "In 2007 there was a dramatic rise in the price of wheat due to freezes and flooding in the Northern Hemisphere and a drought in Australia. Wheat futures in September, 2007 for December and March delivery had risen above $9.00 a bushel, prices never seen before. There were complaints in Italy about the high price of pasta.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.800649642944336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" }, { "answer": "Rice", "passage": "In the past, there has been significant governmental intervention in wheat markets, such as price supports in the US and farm payments in the EU. In the EU these subsidies have encouraged heavy use of fertilizer inputs with resulting high crop yields. In Australia and Argentina direct government subsidies are much lower. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.277098655700684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wheat" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Col. Sherman T. Potter" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "col sherman t potter" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "col sherman t potter", "type": "FreeForm", "value": "Col. Sherman T. Potter" }

[ { "answer": "Col. Sherman T. Potter", "passage": "The town has other distinctions as well. In the Broadway musical Damn Yankees, Hannibal was the hometown of the protagonist’s assumed persona (Shoeless Joe from Hannibal, MO). In television, Hannibal was the hometown of Col. Sherman T. Potter (portrayed by actor Harry Morgan) on the long-running comedy series, M*A*S*H. Hannibal was also the birthplace of singer and actor Cliff Edwards (\"Ukulele Ike\") and 'The Unsinkable Molly' Brown. Other natives include inventor Bill Lear and NBA basketball coach Cotton Fitzsimmons. The Mark Twain Memorial Lighthouse was constructed in 1933 and has been lit at three separate times by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President John F. Kennedy, and President Bill Clinton. Rockcliffe Mansion sits upon a knoll in Hannibal, is listed on the National Register of Historic places.", "precise_score": 2.5260915756225586, "rough_score": 4.076353073120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hannibal, Missouri" }, { "answer": "Col. Sherman T. Potter", "passage": "*Harry Morgan played both the 4077th's second beloved C.O. (Col. Sherman T. Potter) and the mentally unstable Major Gen. Bartford Hamilton Steele in the show's third season, in the episode \"The General Flipped at Dawn\". This last character was a reprise of his role as Major Pott in the 1966 movie, What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.929682731628418, "source": "wiki", "title": "M*A*S*H (TV series)" }, { "answer": "Col. Sherman T. Potter", "passage": "In the third episode of the fourth season, \"Change of Command\", Col. Sherman T. Potter arrives at the unit to assume command, replacing Frank Burns, who had taken over as commander after Blake's departure (season 3, episode 24). Harry Morgan, who played Potter, had previously guest-starred in the first episode of season 3, \"The General Flipped at Dawn\", as General Hamilton Steele.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.800580024719238, "source": "wiki", "title": "M*A*S*H (TV series)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "America's birthday cake", "Irving Robbins", "31 flavors", "Baskin-Robbins", "Baskin-Robbins 31", "Baskin-Robbins 2", "Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream", "Baskin Robbins", "Baskin Robins", "Baskin-Robins", "Baskin-Robbins, Inc.", "Baskin Robin's", "31 Ice Cream", "Baskin-Robins 31", "Baskin and Robbins", "Baskin-Robbins mystery contest", "Baskin Robbins 31", "Baskin Robins 31", "Burtin Baskin", "Baskin Robbins mystery contest" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "baskin robbins", "america s birthday cake", "baskin robins", "31 ice cream", "31 flavors", "baskin robbins 2", "irving robbins", "burtin baskin", "baskin robbins inc", "baskin and robbins", "baskin robbins ice cream", "baskin robbins 31", "baskin robin s", "baskin robbins mystery contest", "baskin robins 31" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "baskin robbins", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Baskin-Robbins" }

[ { "answer": "31 flavors", "passage": "The company is known for its \"31 flavors\" slogan, with the idea that a customer could have a different flavor every day of any month. The slogan came from the Carson-Roberts advertising agency (which later merged into Ogilvy & Mather) in 1953. Baskin and Robbins believed that people should be able to sample flavors until they found one they wanted to buy, hence their famous small pink spoons. The company has introduced more than 1,000 flavors since 1945.", "precise_score": -1.2744808197021484, "rough_score": -3.2096455097198486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "Baskin-Robbins was founded in 1945 by brothers-in-law Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins from the merging of their respective ice cream parlors, in Glendale, California. It claims to be the world's largest chain of ice cream specialty stores, with 7,300 locations, including nearly 2,500 shops in the United States and over 4,800 located internationally as of December 28, 2013. Baskin-Robbins sells ice cream in nearly 50 countries. The company has been headquartered in Canton, Massachusetts since 2004 after moving from Randolph, Massachusetts. ", "precise_score": 2.673079490661621, "rough_score": -2.977417230606079, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "The Baskin-Robbins ice cream parlors started as separate ventures of Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins, who owned Burton's Ice Cream Shop (opened in 1945) and Snowbird Ice Cream (opened in 1946), respectively. Snowbird Ice Cream offered 21 flavors, a novel concept at that time. When the separate companies merged in 1953, the number of flavors was expanded to 31 flavors.", "precise_score": -1.704270839691162, "rough_score": -1.4647716283798218, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "Baskin-Robbins is the world's largest chain of ice cream specialty shops and is based in Canton, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1945 by Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins in Glendale, California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.235198497772217, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "By 1948, Burt and Irv had opened six stores. The first franchise covering the sale of ice cream was executed May 20, 1948 for the store at 1130 South Adams in Glendale (Store #1). In 1949, the company’s production facility opened in Burbank. Burt and Irv made the decision to sell the stores to the managers. In 1953, Baskin-Robbins hired Carson-Roberts Advertising who recommended adoption of the number 31 as well as the pink (cherry) and brown (chocolate) polka dots and typeface that were reminiscent of the circus. The first store that adopted the new 31 look was 804 North Glendale Ave. in Glendale, California in March 1953. Between 1949 and 1962, the corporate firm was Huntington Ice Cream Company. The name succeeded The Baskin-Robbins Partnership and was eventually changed back to Baskin-Robbins, Inc. on November 26, 1962. In the 1970s, the chain went international, opening stores in Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and Australia. Baskin-Robbins also was the first to introduce ice cream cakes to the public. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.322841167449951, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "Baskin-Robbins often still incorporates 31 in its promotions despite offering more flavors. For example, in Malaysia this includes giving 31% off their hand-packed ice cream on the 31st of a month, which invariably causes queues at their outlets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.409059047698975, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "Baskin-Robbins was owned by its founders until it was acquired in 1967 (just prior to Burt Baskin's death) by the United Brands Company (United Fruit). In 1972, the company went public for the only time in its history when United Brands sold 17% in an IPO. A year later, British food company J. Lyons and Co. purchased Baskin-Robbins from United Brands and all public stock. J. Lyons then merged with Allied Breweries, becoming Allied-Lyons in 1978. Allied-Lyons then merged with Pedro Domecq S.A. in 1994, becoming Allied Domecq. Baskin-Robbins and Dunkin' Donuts comprise Dunkin' Brands, Inc. Dunkin' Brands was part of Allied Domecq until its purchase in 2006 by a group of private equity firms - Bain Capital, Thomas Lee, and The Carlyle Group. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.542506217956543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "In 2008, Baskin-Robbins launched its first full menu of better-for-you frozen treats called \"BRight Choices\" and removed all artificial trans fats from its ice cream. BRight Choices provides a variety of options for guests looking for a lighter treat. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.381234169006348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "The franchise model created by Burt and Irv decades ago is still used by Baskin-Robbins today. Baskin-Robbins is nearly 100% franchised, with each owner holding a stake in the business' success, while product development and merchandising are handled at Dunkin' Brands' headquarters in Canton, Massachusetts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.731054306030273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "While Baskin-Robbins struggled in the early years of the 2000s to retain business with competitors such as frozen yogurt shops, 2013 saw a turnaround in the company's fortunes, with four new U.S. stores opened. An additional five to ten shops were planned to open in 2014, however, Baskin Robbins ultimately surpassed that goal with a grand total of 17 net new openings throughout 2014, and continued growth of the brand with 15 new stores opened in 2015. Many new Baskin' Robbins shops are co-branded with Dunkin' Donuts, including California's first co-branded location of the two in San Diego, which opened in March 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.691871643066406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "In 2014, Baskin-Robbins also began selling its ice cream for the first time in supermarkets nationwide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.972847938537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "Baskin-Robbins has more than 7,300 shop locations in nearly 50 countries outside the U.S., including locations in: Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Colombia, Curaçao, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Georgia, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969995498657227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" }, { "answer": "Baskin-Robbins", "passage": "Baskin-Robbins’ international locations feature flavors of ice cream popular to the tastes of each country, such as Red Bean, Green Tea, Litchi Gold, Black Currant, Cantaloupe, and Coconut Grove.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.452393531799316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baskin-Robbins" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Simba and Nala's new-born cub", "Lion King", "The lion king", "Lion King characters", "Lionking", "Disney: The Lion King", "Lion King, The", "Disney's The Lion King (1994 Film)", "Lion king", "The Lion King (1994 film)", "The Lion King plot", "The Lion King 3D", "The Lion King I", "Simba and Nala's newborn cub", "The Lion King (film)", "The cub at the end of The Lion King", "Lion King 3D", "The Lion King (movie)", "The Lion King", "Disney's The Lion King", "Chaka(The Lion King)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "lion king movie", "cub at end of lion king", "lion king 1994 film", "disney s lion king", "lion king plot", "lion king characters", "chaka lion king", "lion king 3d", "disney s lion king 1994 film", "lion king i", "disney lion king", "simba and nala s newborn cub", "simba and nala s new born cub", "lion king film", "lionking", "lion king" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "lion king", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "The Lion King" }

[ { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Timon and Pumbaa are an animated meerkat and warthog duo introduced in Disney's popular 1994 animated film The Lion King. Timon was portrayed through his many appearances by Nathan Lane (in all three films and early episodes of the show), Max Casella (the original actor in The Lion King Broadway musical), Kevin Schon (in certain episodes of the show), Quinton Flynn (in certain episodes of the show), Bruce Lanoil in the Wild About Safety shorts and Kingdom Hearts II, while Pumbaa is voiced by Ernie Sabella (in all of his animated speaking appearances), and was portrayed by Tom Alan Robbins in the original cast of the Broadway musical. Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella first came to audition for the roles of the hyenas, but when the producers saw how well they worked together they decided to cast them as Timon and Pumbaa. Lyricist Tim Rice however was pulling for Rik Mayall (for Timon) and Adrian Edmondson (for Pumbaa) to play the roles, as he got the idea for the lyrics to \"Hakuna Matata\" by watching their show Bottom.", "precise_score": 5.634627342224121, "rough_score": 5.126955509185791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "Simba and Nala's newborn cub", "passage": "Many years later, while out on a musical walk with Timon, Pumbaa is distracted by a bug, which he follows into the jungle. The bug leads him right to a hungry lioness prowling around, who then tries to hunt down Pumbaa. She chases the warthog until Simba springs into action, and the two lions engage in conflict. When the lioness pins Simba, he recognizes her as Nala, his childhood playmate. They are happy to be together, but Timon is jealous after they leave for a night of romance. He and Pumbaa start singing the song \"Can You Feel The Love Tonight?\" and are joined by Simba and Nala on their night out. Still, the two help Simba defeat Scar and gain his rightful place as the king of the Pride Lands, most notably when they create a hula distraction to lure away Scar's hyenas. Pumbaa single-handedly drives off Shenzi, Banzai and Ed. They also stand on top of Pride Rock along with Simba and Nala when Rafiki presents Simba and Nala's newborn cub to the animals of the Pride Lands.", "precise_score": -0.49978017807006836, "rough_score": -2.848081350326538, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa", "precise_score": -1.6933702230453491, "rough_score": -3.9451241493225098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Timon also appears at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts as a meetable character. Pumbaa also appears on certain floats in certain parades or shows. Timon and Pumbaa are also the mascots used at Disney World to help kids and parents understand safety issues in the Disney parks and resorts. They are also featured on the [http://www.disney.com/safety Disney Safety website] which was created in conjunction with Animax Entertainment. Timon and Pumbaa were also main characters in Legend of the Lion King, a former Fantasyland attraction in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, which retold the story of the film using fully articulated puppets. The two also make cameo appearances in the Hong Kong Disneyland and the Disneyland versions of It's a Small World. They appeared along with Simba in the 1995 film Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable, an edutainment film at Epcot's Land Pavilion. Timon and Pumbaa both feature in Festival of the Lion King at Animal Kingdom.", "precise_score": 2.751523017883301, "rough_score": 0.29810401797294617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa, and was influenced by William Shakespeare's Hamlet. The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts and Linda Woolverton. Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer. The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Moira Kelly, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Rowan Atkinson, Robert Guillaume, Madge Sinclair, Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, and Jim Cummings.", "precise_score": -2.553136110305786, "rough_score": -2.9282875061035156, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The idea for The Lion King was conceived in late 1988 during a conversation between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider on a plane to Europe to promote Oliver & Company. During the conversation, the topic of a story set in Africa came up, and Katzenberg immediately jumped at the idea. The idea was then developed by Walt Disney Feature Animation's vice president for creative affairs Charlie Fink. Katzenberg decided to add elements involving coming of age and death, and ideas from personal life experiences, such as some of his trials in his bumpy road in politics, saying about the film, \"It is a little bit about myself.\" In November of that year Thomas Disch (author of The Brave Little Toaster) wrote a treatment entitled King of the Kalahari, and afterwards Linda Woolverton spent a year writing drafts of the script, which was titled King of the Beasts and then King of the Jungle. The original version of the film was very different from the final film. The plot was centered in a battle being between lions and baboons with Scar being the leader of the baboons, Rafiki being a cheetah, and Timon and Pumbaa being Simba's childhood friends. Simba would also not leave the kingdom, but become a \"lazy, slovenly, horrible character\" due to manipulations from Scar, so Simba could be overthrown after coming of age. By 1990, producer Thomas Schumacher, who had just completed The Rescuers Down Under, decided to attach himself to the project \"because lions are cool\". Schumacher likened the script for King of the Jungle to \"an animated National Geographic special\".", "precise_score": -1.864953637123108, "rough_score": -4.593714714050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King was the first Disney animated feature to be an original story, rather than being based on an already-existing work. The filmmakers have said that the story of The Lion King was inspired by the lives of Joseph and Moses from the Bible and William Shakespeare's Hamlet. During the summer of 1992, the team was joined by screenwriter Irene Mecchi, with a second screenwriter, Jonathan Roberts, joining a few months later. Mecchi and Roberts took charge of the revision process, fixing unresolved emotional issues in the script and adding comic business for Pumbaa, Timon and the hyenas. Lyricist Tim Rice worked closely with the writing team, flying to California at least once a month, as his songs needed to work in the narrative continuity. Rice's lyrics – which were reworked up to the production's end – were even pinned to the storyboards during development. Rewrites were frequent, with animator Andreas Deja saying that completed scenes would be delivered only for the response to be that parts needed to be reanimated due to dialog changes.", "precise_score": -0.1341875195503235, "rough_score": -2.722724676132202, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The first Lion King-related animated projects involved the characters of Timon and Pumbaa. First the duo starred in the animated short \"Stand by Me\", featuring Timon singing the eponymous song, which was released in 1995 accompanying the theatrical release of Tom and Huck. Then the duo received their own animated show, The Lion King's Timon and Pumbaa, which ran for three seasons and 85 episodes between 1995 and 1999. Ernie Sabella continued to voice Pumbaa, while Timon was voiced by Quinton Flynn and Kevin Schon in addition to Nathan Lane. ", "precise_score": 1.157474160194397, "rough_score": 0.44529807567596436, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Along with the film release, three different video games based on The Lion King were released by Virgin Interactive in December 1994. The main title was developed by Westwood Studios, and published for PC and Amiga computers and the consoles SNES and Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. Dark Technologies created the Game Boy version, while Syrox Developments handled the Master System and Game Gear version. The film and sequel Simba's Pride later inspired another game, Torus Games' The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (2000) for the Game Boy Color and PlayStation. Timon and Pumbaa also appeared in Timon & Pumbaa's Jungle Games, a 1995 PC game collection of puzzle games by 7th Level, later ported to the SNES by Tiertex. ", "precise_score": -3.211186170578003, "rough_score": -3.967371940612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King inspired two attractions retelling the story of the film at Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. The first, \"The Legend of the Lion King\", featured a recreation of the film through life size puppets of its characters, and ran from 1994 to 2002 at Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World. Another that is still running is the live-action 30-minute musical revue of the movie, \"Festival of the Lion King\", which incorporates the musical numbers into gymnastic routines with live actors, along with animatronic puppets of Simba and Pumba and a costumed actor as Timon. The attraction opened in April 1998 at Disney World's Animal Kingdom, and in September 2005 in Hong Kong Disneyland's Adventureland. A similar version under the name \"The Legend of the Lion King\" was featured in Disneyland Paris from 2004 to 2009.", "precise_score": -1.4547792673110962, "rough_score": -4.155921459197998, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Examples of traditionally animated feature films include Pinocchio (United States, 1940), Animal Farm (United Kingdom, 1954), and The Illusionist (British-French, 2010). Traditionally animated films which were produced with the aid of computer technology include The Lion King (US, 1994), The Prince of Egypt (US, 1998), Akira (Japan, 1988), Spirited Away (Japan, 2001), The Triplets of Belleville (France, 2003), and The Secret of Kells (Irish-French-Belgian, 2009).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.449084281921387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Animation" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "* Full animation refers to the process of producing high-quality traditionally animated films that regularly use detailed drawings and plausible movement, having a smooth animation. Fully animated films can be made in a variety of styles, from more realistically animated works those produced by the Walt Disney studio (The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, The Lion King) to the more 'cartoon' styles of the Warner Bros. animation studio. Many of the Disney animated features are examples of full animation, as are non-Disney works, The Secret of NIMH (US, 1982), The Iron Giant (US, 1999), and Nocturna (Spain, 2007).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.406637668609619, "source": "wiki", "title": "Animation" }, { "answer": "Lion King", "passage": "As with many characters in Lion King, Pumbaa's name derives from the East African language Swahili. In Swahili, pumbaa (v.) means \"to be foolish, silly, weakminded, careless, negligent\". Timon is one of the few characters whose name has no meaning in Swahili; Timon is an historical Greek name, taken to mean \"he who respects\". Timon's name may also possibly derive from Shakespeare's tragedy Timon of Athens, another Shakespeare reference in a film which derives its plot from Hamlet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.085824966430664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.828689575195312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King II: Simba's Pride", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.410198211669922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King 1½", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.601996421813965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "It is notable that a pre-existing storyline of how Timon met Pumbaa appeared in this series. This would make the series and The Lion King 1½ independent continuities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.358608245849609, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "They reprise their roles from The Lion King in the 2006 video game Kingdom Hearts II. They charge in to battle the hyenas, and are saved by the game's main protagonists Sora, Donald Duck, and Goofy. After Simba's coronation, they fear that Simba will forget them and let the other lions eat them, though Sora assures them that Simba will never forget them. Pumbaa later shows his bravery by standing between a pregnant Nala and Scar's \"ghost\". Ernie Sabella reprises his role as Pumbaa, while Timon is voiced by Bruce Lanoil. Coincidentally, Quinton Flynn also had a role in the game, providing the voice for Axel of Organization XIII.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.454893589019775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "* Timon from The Lion King franchise is a meerkat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.212408065795898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meerkat" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King tells the story of Simba, a young lion who is to succeed his father, Mufasa, as King of the Pride Lands; however, after Simba's uncle Scar murders Mufasa, Simba is manipulated into thinking he was responsible, and flees into exile. Upon maturation living with two wastrels, Simba is given some valuable perspective from his childhood friend, Nala, and his shaman, Rafiki, before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny and take his place in the Circle of Life as the rightful King.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.798211097717285, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Development of The Lion King began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider while promoting Oliver & Company in Europe. Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment, and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director, being later joined by Allers. Production began in 1991 concurrently with Pocahontas, which wound up attracting most of Disney's top animators. Some time after the staff traveled to Hell's Gate National Park in Kenya to research on the film's setting and animals, Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical, and was replaced by Minkoff. When Hahn joined the project, he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten. Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences were produced at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida. Computer animation was also used in several scenes, most notably in the wildebeest stampede sequence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.262824058532715, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King was released on June 15, 1994, to a positive reaction from critics, who praised the film for its music, story and animation; it finished its theatrical run as the highest-grossing release of 1994 and the second highest-grossing film of all time. The Lion King garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. The film has led to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation; two direct-to-video follow-ups—the sequel The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and the prequel/parallel The Lion King 1½ (2004)—two television series, Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard, and a 3D re-release in 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.560728073120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "Simba and Nala's newborn cub", "passage": "With Scar and the hyenas gone, Simba ascends to the top of Pride Rock and takes over the kingdom as the rain falls again. Sometime later, with Pride Rock restored to its former glory, Simba looks down happily at his kingdom with Nala, Timon, and Pumbaa by his side; Rafiki presents Simba and Nala's newborn cub to the inhabitants of the Pride Lands, and the Circle of Life continues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.578588962554932, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Oliver & Company director George Scribner was the initial director of the film, being later joined by Roger Allers, who was the lead story man on Beauty and the Beast in October 1991. Allers brought with him Brenda Chapman, who would become the head of story. Afterwards, several of the lead crew members, including Allers, Scribner, Hahn, Chapman, and production designer Chris Sanders, took a trip to Hell's Gate National Park in Kenya, in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film. After six months of story development work Scribner decided to leave the project, as he clashed with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical, as Scribner's intention was of making a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects. Rob Minkoff replaced Scribner, and producer Don Hahn joined the production as Schumacher became only an executive producer due to Disney promoting him to Vice President of Development for Feature Animation. Hahn found the script unfocused and lacking a clear theme, and after establishing the main theme as \"leaving childhood and facing up to the realities of the world\", asked for a final retool. Allers, Minkoff, Chapman and Hahn then rewrote the story across two weeks of meetings with directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale, who had just finished Beauty and the Beast. The script also had its title changed from King of the Jungle to The Lion King, as the setting was not the jungle but the savannah.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.066079139709473, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The development of The Lion King started concurrently with Pocahontas, which most of the animators of Walt Disney Feature Animation decided to work on instead, believing it would be the more prestigious and successful of the two. The story artists also did not have much faith in the project, with Chapman declaring she was reluctant to accept the job \"because the story wasn't very good\", and writer Burny Mattinson saying to co-worker Joe Ranft about the film that \"I don't know who is going to want to watch that one.\" Most of the leading animators were either doing their first major work supervising a character, or had much interest in animating an animal. Thirteen of these supervising animators, both in California and Florida, were responsible for establishing the personalities and setting the tone for the film's main characters. The animation leads for the main characters included Mark Henn on young Simba, Ruben A. Aquino on adult Simba, Andreas Deja on Scar, Aaron Blaise on young Nala, Anthony DeRosa on adult Nala, and Tony Fucile on Mufasa. Nearly 20 minutes of the film, including the \"I Just Can't Wait to Be King\" sequence, were animated at the Disney-MGM Studios facility. Ultimately, more than 600 artists, animators and technicians contributed to The Lion King over the course of its production. Weeks before the film was to be released, production was affected by the 1994 Northridge earthquake, which shut off the studio and required the animators to finish their work from home. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.685328483581543, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "John and Rice wrote five original songs for this film (\"Circle of Life\", \"I Just Can't Wait to Be King\", \"Be Prepared\", \"Hakuna Matata\" and \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\") with the singer's performance of \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" playing over the end credits. The IMAX and DVD releases added another song, \"The Morning Report\", which was based on a song discarded during development that eventually got featured in the live musical version of The Lion King. The film's score was composed by Hans Zimmer, who was hired based on his work in two films in African settings, The Power of One and A World Apart, and supplemented the score with traditional African music and choir elements arranged by Lebo M. Zimmer's partners Mark Mancina and Jay Rifkin helped with arrangements and song production. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.49574089050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The film's original motion picture soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on July 13, 1994. It was the fourth-best-selling album of the year on the Billboard 200 and the top-selling soundtrack. It is the only soundtrack for an animated film to be certified Diamond (10× platinum) by the Recording Industry Association of America. Zimmer's complete instrumental score for the film was never originally given a full release by Disney, until the soundtrack's commemorative 20th anniversary re-release in 2014. The Lion King also inspired the 1995 release Rhythm of the Pride Lands, with eight songs by Zimmer, Mancina, and Lebo M. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.995565891265869, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "For The Lion Kings first film trailer, Disney opted to feature a single scene, the entire opening sequence with the song \"Circle of Life\". Buena Vista Pictures Distribution president Dick Cook said the decision was made for such an approach because \"we were all so taken by the beauty and majesty of this piece that we felt like it was probably one of the best four minutes of film that we've seen\", and Don Hahn added that \"Circle of Life\" worked as a trailer as it \"came off so strong, and so good, and ended with such a bang\". The trailer was released in November 1993, accompanying The Three Musketeers in theaters, as only a third of The Lion King had been completed. Audience reaction was enthusiastic, causing Hahn to have some initial concerns as he became afraid of not living up to the expectations raised by the preview. Prior to the film's release, Disney did 11 test screenings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.687600135803223, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Upon release, The Lion King was accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign which included tie-ins with Burger King, Mattel, Kodak, Nestlé and Payless ShoeSource, and various merchandise, accounting 186 licensed products. In 1994, Disney earned approximately $1 billion with products based on the film, with $214 million for Lion King toys during Christmas 1994 alone. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.767372131347656, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King was first released on VHS and laserdisc in the United States on March 3, 1995, under Disney's \"Masterpiece Collection\" video series. The VHS tape contained a special preview for Walt Disney Pictures' then-upcoming animated film Pocahontas, in which the title character (voiced by Judy Kuhn) sings the musical number \"Colors of the Wind\". In addition, Deluxe Editions of both formats were released. The VHS Deluxe Edition included the film, an exclusive lithograph of Rafiki and Simba (in some editions), a commemorative \"Circle of Life\" epigraph, six concept art lithographs, another tape with the half-hour TV show The Making of The Lion King, and a certificate of authenticity. The CAV laserdisc Deluxe Edition also contained the film, six concept art lithographs and The Making of The Lion King, and added storyboards, character design artwork, concept art, rough animation, and a directors' commentary that the VHS edition did not have, on a total of four double sided discs. The VHS tape quickly became the best-selling videotape of all time: 4.5 million tapes were sold on the first day and ultimately sales totaled more than 30 million before these home video versions went into moratorium in 1997. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.70790958404541, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "On October 7, 2003, the film was re-released on VHS and released on DVD for the first time, titled The Lion King: Platinum Edition, as part of Disney's Platinum Edition line of animated classic DVDs. The DVD release featured two versions of the film on the first disc, a remastered version created for the 2002 IMAX release and an edited version of the IMAX release purporting to be the original 1994 theatrical version. A second disc, with bonus features, was also included in the DVD release. The film's soundtrack was provided both in its original Dolby 5.1 track and in a new Disney Enhanced Home Theater Mix, making this one of the first Disney DVDs so equipped. By means of seamless branching, the film could be viewed either with or without a newly created scene – a short conversation in the film replaced with a complete song (\"The Morning Report\"). A Special Collector's Gift Set was also released, containing the DVD set, five exclusive lithographed character portraits (new sketches created and signed by the original character animators), and an introductory book entitled The Journey. The Platinum Edition of The Lion King featured changes made to the film during its IMAX re-release, including re-drawn crocodiles in the \"I Just Can't Wait to Be King\" sequence as well as other alterations. More than two million copies of the Platinum Edition DVD and VHS units were sold on the first day of release. A DVD boxed set of the three The Lion King films (in two-disc Special Edition formats) was released on December 6, 2004. In January 2005, the film, along with the sequels, went back into moratorium. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.021788120269775, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the Diamond Edition of The Lion King on October 4, 2011. This marks the time that the film has been released in high-definition Blu-ray and on Blu-ray 3D. The initial release was produced in three different packages: a two-disc version with Blu-ray and DVD; a four-disc version with Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D, and digital copy; and an eight-disc box set that also includes the sequels The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride and The Lion King 1½. A standalone single-disc DVD release also followed on November 15, 2011. The Diamond Edition topped the Blu-ray charts with over 1.5 million copies sold. The film sold 3.83 million Blu-ray units in total, leading to a $101.14 million income. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.594771385192871, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King earned $422,783,777 in North America and an $545,700,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $968,483,777. It is currently the 29th highest-grossing film, the sixth highest-grossing animated film of all time worldwide and the third highest-grossing film of Walt Disney Animation Studios (behind Frozen and Zootopia). The film was also the highest-grossing motion picture of 1994 worldwide. After its initial run, having earned $763.4 million, it ranked as the second-highest-grossing film of all time worldwide, behind Jurassic Park . It held the record for the highest-grossing animated feature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by the computer animated Finding Nemo (2003), Shrek 2 (2004), Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009), and Toy Story 3 (2010) prior to the 2011 re-release. With the earnings of the 3D run, The Lion King surpassed all the aforementioned films but Toy Story 3 to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide—later downgraded to sixth after Frozen (2013), Minions (2015), and Zootopia (2016)—and it remains the highest-grossing hand-drawn animated film. It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.063652992248535, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King had a limited release in North America on June 15, 1994, playing in only two theaters, El Capitan Theater in Los Angeles and Radio City Music Hall in New York City. It still earned $1,586,753 across the weekend of June 17–19, standing at the tenth place of the box office ranking. The average of $793,377 per theater stands as the largest ever achieved during a weekend. The wide release followed on June 24, 1994, in 2,550 screens. The digital surround sound of the film led many of those theaters to implement Dolby Laboratories' newest sound systems. The Lion King grossed $40.9 million – which at the time was the fourth biggest opening weekend earning ever and the highest sum for a Disney film  – to top the weekend box office. It also earned a rare \"A+\" rating from CinemaScore. By the end of its theatrical run, in spring 1995, it had earned $312,855,561, being the second-highest-grossing 1994 film in North America behind Forrest Gump. Outside North America, it earned $455.8 million during its initial run, for a worldwide total of $768.6 million. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 74 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.430098533630371, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The film was re-issued on December 25, 2002 for IMAX and large-format theaters. Don Hahn explained that eight years after The Lion King got its original release, \"there was a whole new generation of kids who haven't really seen it, particularly on the big screen.\" Given the film had already been digitally archived during production, the restoration process was easier, while also providing many scenes with enhancements that covered up original deficiencies. An enhanced sound mix was also provided, to as Hahn explained, \"make the audience feel like they're in the middle of the movie.\" On its first weekend, The Lion King made $2.7 million from 66 locations, a $27,664 per theater average. This run ended with $15,686,215 on May 30, 2003. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.5952730178833, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "In 2011, The Lion King was converted to 3D for a two-week limited theatrical re-issue and subsequent 3D Blu-ray release. The film opened at the number one spot on Friday, September 16, 2011 with $8.9 million and finished the weekend with $30.2 million, ranking number one at the box office. This made The Lion King the first re-issue release to earn the number-one slot at the American weekend box office since the re-issue of Return of the Jedi in March 1997. The film also achieved the fourth-highest September opening weekend of all time. It held off very well on its second weekend, again earning first place at the box office with a 27 percent decline to $21.9 million. Most box-office observers had expected the film to fall about 50 percent in its second weekend and were also expecting Moneyball to be at first place. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.914543151855469, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "After its initial box-office success, many theaters decided to continue to show the film for more than two weeks, even though its 3D Blu-ray release was scheduled for two-and-a-half weeks after its theatrical release. In North America, the 3D re-release ended its run in theaters on January 12, 2012 with a gross $94,242,001. Outside North America, it earned $83,400,000. The successful 3D re-release of The Lion King made Disney and Pixar plan 3D theatrical re-releases of Beauty and the Beast, Finding Nemo, Monsters, Inc., and The Little Mermaid during 2012 and 2013. However, none of the re-releases of the first three films achieved the enormous success of The Lion King 3D and theatrical re-release of the The Little Mermaid was ultimately cancelled. In 2012, Ray Subers of Box Office Mojo wrote that the reason why the 3D version of The Lion King succeeded was because, \"the notion of a 3D re-release was still fresh and exciting, and The Lion King (3D) felt timely given the movie's imminent Blu-ray release. Audiences have been hit with three 3D re-releases in the year since, meaning the novelty value has definitely worn off.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.041999816894531, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King was released to critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 91%, based on 113 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3 out of 10. It also ranked 56th on their \"Top 100 Animation Movies\". The site's critical consensus reads, \"Emotionally stirring, richly drawn, and beautifully animated, The Lion King stands tall within Disney's pantheon of classic family films.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 83 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\". CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare \"A+\" grade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1813273429870605, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Rolling Stone film critic Peter Travers praised the film and felt that it was \"a hugely entertaining blend of music, fun and eye-popping thrills, though it doesn't lack for heart\". James Berardinelli from ReelViews praised the film saying, \"With each new animated release, Disney seems to be expanding its already-broad horizons a little more. The Lion King is the most mature (in more than one sense) of these films, and there clearly has been a conscious effort to please adults as much as children. Happily, for those of us who generally stay far away from 'cartoons', they have succeeded.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.948775291442871, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Some reviewers still had problems with the film's narrative. The staff of TV Guide wrote that while The Lion King was technically proficient and entertaining, it \"offers a less memorable song score than did the previous hits, and a hasty, unsatisfying dramatic resolution.\" The New Yorkers Terrence Rafferty considered that despite the good animation, the story felt like \"manipulat[ing] our responses at will\", as \"Between traumas, the movie serves up soothingly banal musical numbers and silly, rambunctious comedy\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.773818016052246, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Lion King received four Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations. The film would go on to win two Golden Globes; for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Score, as well as two Academy Awards, for Best Original Score (Hans Zimmer) and Best Original Song with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" by Elton John and Tim Rice. The songs \"Circle of Life\" and \"Hakuna Matata\" were also nominated. \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" also won the Grammy Award for Best Male Vocal Performance. The Lion King also won Annie Awards for Best Animated Feature, Best Achievement in Voice Acting (for Jeremy Irons) and Best Individual Achievement for Story Contribution in the Field of Animation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.18790054321289, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "At the Saturn Awards, the film was nominated in two categories, Best Fantasy Film and Best Performance by a Younger Actor although it did not win in either category. The film also received two nominations at the British Academy Film Awards, for Best Sound as well as the Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music although it lost in both categories to Speed and Backbeat respectively. The film received two BMI Film & TV Awards for Film Music and Most Performed Song with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight.\" At the 1995 MTV Movie Awards the film received nominations for Best Villain and Best Song, though it lost in both categories. The Lion King won the Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie at the 1995 Kids' Choice Awards. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.100857734680176, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "In 2008, The Lion King was ranked as the 319th greatest film ever made by Empire magazine, and in June 2011, TIME named it one of \"The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films\". In June 2008, the American Film Institute listed The Lion King as the fourth best film in the animation genre in its AFI's 10 Top 10 list, having previously put \"Hakuna Matata\" as 99th on its AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs ranking. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.433443546295166, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Certain elements of the film were considered to bear a resemblance to a 1960s Japanese anime television show, Jungle Emperor (known as Kimba the White Lion in the United States), with characters having similar analogues, and various individual scenes being similar in composition to the show. Matthew Broderick believed initially that he was in fact working on an American version of Kimba, since he was familiar with the Japanese original. However The Lion King director, Roger Allers, claimed he was unfamiliar with the show: Co-director Rob Minkoff also claimed he was unfamiliar with it \"I know for a fact that [\"Kimba\"] has never been discussed as long as I've been on the project... In my experience, if Disney becomes aware of anything like that, they say you will not do it. People are claiming copyright infringement all the time.\" He also stated that whenever a story is based in Africa, it is \"not unusual to have characters like a baboon, a bird or hyenas.\" Yoshihiro Shimizu, of Tezuka Productions, which created Kimba the White Lion, has refuted rumours that the studio was paid hush money by Disney but explains that they rejected urges from within the industry to sue because, \"we're a small, weak company. It wouldn't be worth it anyway ... Disney's lawyers are among the top twenty in the world!\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.06429672241211, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Hyena biologists protested against the animal's portrayal: one hyena researcher sued Disney studios for defamation of character, and another—who had organized the animators' visit to the University of California's Field Station for Behavioural Research, where they would observe and sketch captive hyenas— included boycotting The Lion King among the ways it would help preserve hyenas in the wild. The hyenas have also been interpreted to represent an anti-immigrant allegory, where the hyenas would be black and Latino ethnic communities. The film has also been criticised for advancing a fascist narrative in its portrayal of the lion kingdom and the circle of life where \"only the strong and the beautiful triumph, and the powerless survive only by serving the strong.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.207679748535156, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Disney released two direct-to-video films related to The Lion King. The first was sequel The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, issued in 1998 on VHS. The film centers around Simba and Nala's daughter, Kiara, who falls in love with Kovu, a male lion who was raised in a pride of Scar's followers, the Outsiders. 2004 saw the release of another Lion King film on DVD, The Lion King 1½. It is a prequel in showing how Timon and Pumbaa met each other, and also a parallel in that it also depicts what the characters were retconned to have done during the events of the original movie. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.183664798736572, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "The Square Enix series Kingdom Hearts features Simba as a recurring summon, as well as a playable in the Lion King world, known as Pride Lands, in Kingdom Hearts II. There the plotline is loosely related to the later part of the original film, with all of the main characters except Zazu and Sarabi. The Lion King also provides one of the worlds featured in the 2011 action-adventure game Disney Universe, and Simba was featured in the Nintendo DS title Disney Friends (2008). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.664362907409668, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" }, { "answer": "The Lion King", "passage": "Walt Disney Theatrical produced a musical stage adaptation of the same name, which premiered in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1997, and later opened on Broadway in October 1997 at the New Amsterdam Theatre. The Lion King musical was directed by Julie Taymor and featured songs from both the movie and Rhythm of the Pride Lands, along with three new compositions by Elton John and Tim Rice. Mark Mancina did the musical arrangements and new orchestral tracks. The musical became one of the most successful in Broadway history, winning six Tony Awards including Best Musical, and despite moving to the Minskoff Theatre in 2006, is still running to this day in New York, becoming the third longest-running show and highest grossing Broadway production in history. The show's financial success led to adaptations all over the world. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.115350723266602, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion King" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Steel", "Steel workers", "Steel plate", "Steel truss", "Steelworker", "Steel (alloy)", "Steel industry", "Steel (metal)", "Steels", "Titanic steel", "Steelworkers", "Steel in Africa", "Steel sheeting", "Crude steel", "Steel worker", "Unwrapped steel", "Long steel products", "Steel Construction", "Steel manufacture" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "steel plate", "titanic steel", "steel sheeting", "steel metal", "steel truss", "steel construction", "steelworker", "steel alloy", "steel", "steels", "steel in africa", "steel worker", "crude steel", "steel workers", "steelworkers", "steel industry", "unwrapped steel", "long steel products", "steel manufacture" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "steel", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Steel" }

[ { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "When the alloy cools and solidifies (crystallizes), its mechanical properties will often be quite different from those of its individual constituents. A metal that is normally very soft and malleable, such as aluminium, can be altered by alloying it with another soft metal, like copper. Although both metals are very soft and ductile, the resulting aluminium alloy will be much harder and stronger. Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron produces an alloy called steel. Due to its very-high strength and toughness (which is much higher than pure iron), and its ability to be greatly altered by heat treatment, steel is one of the most common alloys in modern use. By adding chromium to steel, its resistance to corrosion can be enhanced, creating stainless steel, while adding silicon will alter its electrical characteristics, producing silicon steel.", "precise_score": -0.7883151769638062, "rough_score": -3.4682791233062744, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Some alloys occur naturally, such as electrum, which is an alloy that is native to Earth, consisting of silver and gold. Meteorites are sometimes made of naturally occurring alloys of iron and nickel, but are not native to the Earth. One of the first alloys made by humans was bronze, which is made by mixing the metals tin and copper. Bronze was an extremely useful alloy to the ancients, because it is much stronger and harder than either of its components. Steel was another common alloy. However, in ancient times, it could only be created as an accidental byproduct from the heating of iron ore in fires (smelting) during the manufacture of iron. Other ancient alloys include pewter, brass and pig iron. In the modern age, steel can be created in many forms. Carbon steel can be made by varying only the carbon content, producing soft alloys like mild steel or hard alloys like spring steel. Alloy steels can be made by adding other elements, such as molybdenum, vanadium or nickel, resulting in alloys such as high-speed steel or tool steel. Small amounts of manganese are usually alloyed with most modern-steels because of its ability to remove unwanted impurities, like phosphorus, sulfur and oxygen, which can have detrimental effects on the alloy. However, most alloys were not created until the 1900s, such as various aluminium, titanium, nickel, and magnesium alloys. Some modern superalloys, such as incoloy, inconel, and hastelloy, may consist of a multitude of different components.", "precise_score": 0.4528774619102478, "rough_score": -5.521227836608887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "The first known smelting of iron began in Anatolia, around 1800 BC. Called the bloomery process, it produced very soft but ductile wrought iron. By 800 BC, iron-making technology had spread to Europe, arriving in Japan around 700 AD. Pig iron, a very hard but brittle alloy of iron and carbon, was being produced in China as early as 1200 BC, but did not arrive in Europe until the Middle Ages. Pig iron has a lower melting point than iron, and was used for making cast-iron. However, these metals found little practical use until the introduction of crucible steel around 300 BC. These steels were of poor quality, and the introduction of pattern welding, around the 1st century AD, sought to balance the extreme properties of the alloys by laminating them, to create a tougher metal. Around 700 AD, the Japanese began folding bloomery-steel and cast-iron in alternating layers to increase the strength of their swords, using clay fluxes to remove slag and impurities. This method of Japanese swordsmithing produced one of the purest steel-alloys of the early Middle Ages.Smith, Cyril (1960) History of metallography. MIT Press. pp. 2–4. ISBN 0-262-69120-5.", "precise_score": -4.619682312011719, "rough_score": -5.469632625579834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify the hardness of steel by heat treatment had been known since 1100 BC, and the rare material was valued for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Because the ancients could not produce temperatures high enough to melt iron fully, the production of steel in decent quantities did not occur until the introduction of blister steel during the Middle Ages. This method introduced carbon by heating wrought iron in charcoal for long periods of time, but the penetration of carbon was not very deep, so the alloy was not homogeneous. In 1740, Benjamin Huntsman began melting blister steel in a crucible to even out the carbon content, creating the first process for the mass production of tool steel. Huntsman's process was used for manufacturing tool steel until the early 1900s. ", "precise_score": 0.47487732768058777, "rough_score": 2.8424839973449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Alloys are used in a wide variety of applications. In some cases, a combination of metals may reduce the overall cost of the material while preserving important properties. In other cases, the combination of metals imparts synergistic properties to the constituent metal elements such as corrosion resistance or mechanical strength. Examples of alloys are steel, solder, brass, pewter, duralumin, phosphor bronze and amalgams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.314021110534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Although an alloy is technically an impure metal, when referring to alloys, the term \"impurities\" usually denotes those elements which are not desired. These impurities are often found in the base metals or the solutes, but they may also be introduced during the alloying process. For instance, sulfur is a common impurity in steel. Sulfur combines readily with iron to form iron sulfide, which is very brittle, creating weak spots in the steel. Lithium, sodium and calcium are common impurities in aluminium alloys, which can have adverse effects on the structural integrity of castings. Conversely, otherwise pure-metals that simply contain unwanted impurities are often called \"impure metals\" and are not usually referred to as alloys. Oxygen, present in the air, readily combines with most metals to form metal oxides; especially at higher temperatures encountered during alloying. Great care is often taken during the alloying process to remove excess impurities, using fluxes, chemical additives, or other methods of extractive metallurgy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.724811553955078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "The term \"alloy\" is sometimes used in everyday speech as a synonym for a particular alloy. For example, automobile wheels made of an aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply \"alloy wheels\", although in point of fact steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys. Steel is such a common alloy that many items made from it, like wheels, barrels, or girders, are simply referred to by the name of the item, assuming it is made of steel. When made from other materials, they are typically specified as such, (i.e.: \"bronze wheel\", \"plastic barrel\", or \"wood girder\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.357520580291748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Alloying a metal is done by combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals that often enhance its properties. For example, steel is stronger than iron, its primary element. The electrical and thermal conductivity of alloys is usually lower than that of the pure metals. The physical properties, such as density, reactivity, Young's modulus of an alloy may not differ greatly from those of its elements, but engineering properties such as tensile strength and shear strength may be substantially different from those of the constituent materials. This is sometimes a result of the sizes of the atoms in the alloy, because larger atoms exert a compressive force on neighboring atoms, and smaller atoms exert a tensile force on their neighbors, helping the alloy resist deformation. Sometimes alloys may exhibit marked differences in behavior even when small amounts of one element are present. For example, impurities in semiconducting ferromagnetic alloys lead to different properties, as first predicted by White, Hogan, Suhl, Tian Abrie and Nakamura. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.607165336608887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Alloys are often made to alter the mechanical properties of the base metal, to induce hardness, toughness, ductility, or other desired properties. Most metals and alloys can be work hardened by creating defects in their crystal structure. These defects are created during plastic deformation, such as hammering or bending, and are permanent unless the metal is recrystallized. However, some alloys can also have their properties altered by heat treatment. Nearly all metals can be softened by annealing, which recrystallizes the alloy and repairs the defects, but not as many can be hardened by controlled heating and cooling. Many alloys of aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened to some degree by some method of heat treatment, but few respond to this to the same degree that steel does.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.741191864013672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "At a certain temperature, (usually between 1500 F and 1600 F, depending on carbon content), the base metal of steel undergoes a change in the arrangement of the atoms in its crystal matrix, called allotropy. This allows the small carbon atoms to enter the interstices of the iron crystal, diffusing into the iron matrix. When this happens, the carbon atoms are said to be in solution, or mixed with the iron, forming a single, homogeneous, crystalline phase called austenite. If the steel is cooled slowly, the iron will gradually change into its low temperature allotrope. When this happens the carbon atoms will no longer be soluble with the iron, and will be forced to precipitate out of solution, nucleating into the spaces between the crystals. The steel then becomes heterogeneous, being formed of two phases; the carbon (carbide) phase cementite, and ferrite. This type of heat treatment produces steel that is rather soft and bendable. However, if the steel is cooled quickly the carbon atoms will not have time to precipitate. When rapidly cooled, a diffusionless (martensite) transformation occurs, in which the carbon atoms become trapped in solution. This causes the iron crystals to deform intrinsically when the crystal structure tries to change to its low temperature state, making it very hard and brittle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.848036289215088, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Conversely, most heat-treatable alloys are precipitation hardening alloys, which produce the opposite effects that steel does. When heated to form a solution and then cooled quickly, these alloys become much softer than normal, during the diffusionless transformation, and then harden as they age. The solutes in these alloys will precipitate over time, forming intermetallic phases, which are difficult to discern from the base metal. Unlike steel, in which the solid solution separates to form different crystal phases, precipitation hardening alloys separate to form different phases within the same crystal. These intermetallic alloys appear homogeneous in crystal structure, but tend to behave heterogeneous, becoming hard and somewhat brittle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.467644691467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "When a molten metal is mixed with another substance, there are two mechanisms that can cause an alloy to form, called atom exchange and the interstitial mechanism. The relative size of each element in the mix plays a primary role in determining which mechanism will occur. When the atoms are relatively similar in size, the atom exchange method usually happens, where some of the atoms composing the metallic crystals are substituted with atoms of the other constituent. This is called a substitutional alloy. Examples of substitutional alloys include bronze and brass, in which some of the copper atoms are substituted with either tin or zinc atoms. With the interstitial mechanism, one atom is usually much smaller than the other, so cannot successfully replace an atom in the crystals of the base metal. The smaller atoms become trapped in the spaces between the atoms in the crystal matrix, called the interstices. This is referred to as an interstitial alloy. Steel is an example of an interstitial alloy, because the very small carbon atoms fit into interstices of the iron matrix. Stainless steel is an example of a combination of interstitial and substitutional alloys, because the carbon atoms fit into the interstices, but some of the iron atoms are replaced with nickel and chromium atoms. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.312740802764893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Steel and pig iron", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7743706703186035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "With the introduction of the blast furnace to Europe in the Middle Ages, pig iron was able to be produced in much higher volumes than wrought iron. Because pig iron could be melted, people began to develop processes of reducing the carbon in the liquid pig iron to create steel. Puddling was introduced during the 1700s, where molten pig iron was stirred while exposed to the air, to remove the carbon by oxidation. In 1858, Sir Henry Bessemer developed a process of steel-making by blowing hot air through liquid pig iron to reduce the carbon content. The Bessemer process was able to produce the first large scale manufacture of steel. Once the Bessemer process began to gain widespread use, other alloys of steel began to follow. Mangalloy, an alloy of steel and manganese exhibiting extreme hardness and toughness, was one of the first alloy steels, and was created by Robert Hadfield in 1882. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.035447120666504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alloy" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Carbon compounds form the basis of all known life on Earth, and the carbon-nitrogen cycle provides some of the energy produced by the Sun and other stars. Although it forms an extraordinary variety of compounds, most forms of carbon are comparatively unreactive under normal conditions. At standard temperature and pressure, it resists all but the strongest oxidizers. It does not react with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, chlorine or any alkalis. At elevated temperatures, carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon oxides, and will rob oxygen from metal oxides to leave the elemental metal. This exothermic reaction is used in the iron and steel industry to smelt iron and to control the carbon content of steel:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.30262565612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carbon" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Carbon combines with some metals at high temperatures to form metallic carbides, such as the iron carbide cementite in steel, and tungsten carbide, widely used as an abrasive and for making hard tips for cutting tools.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.148015022277832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carbon" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "In 1722, René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur demonstrated that iron was transformed into steel through the absorption of some substance, now known to be carbon. In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water and that both released the same amount of carbon dioxide per gram.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.426982879638672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carbon" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "The uses of carbon and its compounds are extremely varied. It can form alloys with iron, of which the most common is carbon steel. Graphite is combined with clays to form the 'lead' used in pencils used for writing and drawing. It is also used as a lubricant and a pigment, as a molding material in glass manufacture, in electrodes for dry batteries and in electroplating and electroforming, in brushes for electric motors and as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.228790760040283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carbon" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Carbon fiber is made by pyrolysis of extruded and stretched filaments of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and other organic substances. The crystallographic structure and mechanical properties of the fiber depend on the type of starting material, and on the subsequent processing. Carbon fibers made from PAN have structure resembling narrow filaments of graphite, but thermal processing may re-order the structure into a continuous rolled sheet. The result is fibers with higher specific tensile strength than steel. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.125292778015137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carbon" }, { "answer": "Steel", "passage": "Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink, artist's oil paint and water colours, carbon paper, automotive finishes, India ink and laser printer toner. Carbon black is also used as a filler in rubber products such as tyres and in plastic compounds. Activated charcoal is used as an absorbent and adsorbent in filter material in applications as diverse as gas masks, water purification, and kitchen extractor hoods, and in medicine to absorb toxins, poisons, or gases from the digestive system. Carbon is used in chemical reduction at high temperatures. Coke is used to reduce iron ore into iron (smelting). Case hardening of steel is achieved by heating finished steel components in carbon powder. Carbides of silicon, tungsten, boron and titanium, are among the hardest known materials, and are used as abrasives in cutting and grinding tools. Carbon compounds make up most of the materials used in clothing, such as natural and synthetic textiles and leather, and almost all of the interior surfaces in the built environment other than glass, stone and metal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.046052932739258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carbon" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Pumpernickel", "passage": "Pumpernickel has been long associated with the Westphalia region of Germany, first referred to in print in 1450. Although it is not known whether this and other early references refer to precisely the bread that came to be known as Pumpernickel, Westphalian pumpernickel is distinguished by use of coarse rye flour—rye meal and a very long baking period, which gives the bread its characteristic dark color. Like most traditional all-rye breads, pumpernickel is traditionally made with an acidic sourdough starter, which preserves dough structure by counteracting highly active rye amylases. That method is sometimes augmented or replaced in commercial baking by adding citric acid or lactic acid along with commercial yeast. ", "precise_score": -1.646324634552002, "rough_score": -3.649146795272827, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pumpernickel" }, { "answer": "Pumpernickel", "passage": "The philologist Johann Christoph Adelung states that the word has an origin in the Germanic vernacular where pumpern was a New High German synonym for being flatulent, and Nickel was a form of the name Nicholas, commonly associated with a goblin or devil (e.g. \"Old Nick\", a familiar name for Satan), or more generally for a malevolent spirit or demon. Hence, pumpernickel misread as the \"devil's fart\" when it actually means \"Devil's food\", a definition accepted by the Snopes International Language Database, the publisher Random House, and by some English language dictionaries, including the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. The American Heritage Dictionary adds \"so named from being hard to digest\". A variant of this explanation is also given by the German etymological dictionary \"Kluge\" that says the word pumpernickel is older than its usage for the particular type of bread, and may have been used as a mocking name for a person of unrefined manners (\"farting nick\") first. The change of meaning may have been caused by its use as a mocking expression for the (in the eyes of outsiders) unrefined rye bread produced by the Westphalian population.", "precise_score": 3.935609817504883, "rough_score": 0.6819789409637451, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pumpernickel" }, { "answer": "Pumpernickel", "passage": "Rye bread, including pumpernickel, is a widely eaten food in Northern and Eastern Europe. Rye is also used to make crisp bread. Rye flour is high in gliadin but low in glutenin. It therefore has a lower gluten content than wheat flour. It also contains a higher proportion of soluble fiber. Alkylresorcinols are phenolic lipids present in high amounts in the bran layer (e.g. pericarp, testa and aleurone layers) of wheat and rye (0.1–0.3% of dry weight). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3610944747924805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rye" }, { "answer": "Pumpernickel", "passage": "Pumpernickel (;) is a typically heavy, slightly sweet rye bread traditionally made with coarsely ground rye.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.154376983642578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pumpernickel" }, { "answer": "Pumpernickel", "passage": "Traditional German Pumpernickel contains no coloring agents, instead relying on the Maillard reaction to produce its characteristic deep brown color, sweet, dark chocolate, coffee flavor, and earthy aroma. To achieve this, loaves are baked in long narrow lidded pans 16 to 24 hours in a low-temperature (about 250°F or 120°C), steam-filled oven. Like the French pain de mie, Westphalian pumpernickel has little or no crust. It is very similar to rye Vollkornbrot, a dense rye bread with large amounts of whole grains added.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.188360691070557, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pumpernickel" }, { "answer": "Pumpernickel", "passage": "While true Pumpernickel is produced primarily in Germany, versions are popular in the Netherlands, under the name Roggebrood, where it has been a common part of the diet for centuries., and in Denmark where \"Rugbrød\" is a staple. German pumpernickel is often sold sliced in small packets in supermarkets, where it may be paired with caviar, smoked salmon, sturgeon, and other expensive products on an hors d'oeuvres tray.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.763975620269775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pumpernickel" }, { "answer": "Pumpernickel", "passage": "A separate pumpernickel tradition has developed in North America, where colouring and flavouring agents such as molasses, coffee, and cocoa powder are added to approximate the shades and taste of traditional German pumpernickel. Bakers there often add wheat flour to provide gluten structure and increase rising and commercial yeast to quicken the rise compared to a traditional sourdough. As a result, and for economic reasons, they tend to eschew the long, slow baking characteristic of German pumpernickel, resulting in a loaf that but for colour otherwise resembles commercial North American rye bread.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.169021129608154, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pumpernickel" }, { "answer": "Pumpernickel", "passage": "The name of former Argentinean hamburger restaurant chain Pumper Nic is derived from pumpernickel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.754303932189941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pumpernickel" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "Rex David \"Dave\" Thomas (July 2, 1932 - January 8, 2002) was an American businessperson and philanthropist. Thomas was the founder and chief executive officer of Wendy's, a fast-food restaurant chain specializing in hamburgers. He is also known for appearing in more than 800 commercial advertisements for the chain from 1989 to 2002, more than any other company founder in television history. ", "precise_score": 1.4966202974319458, "rough_score": 0.7842066287994385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "Thomas opened his first Wendy's in Columbus, Ohio, November 15, 1969. (This original restaurant remained operational until March 2, 2007, when it was closed due to lagging sales.) Thomas named the restaurant after his eight-year-old daughter Melinda Lou, whose nickname was \"Wendy\", stemming from the child's inability to say her own name at a young age. According to Bio TV, Dave claims himself that people nicknamed his daughter \"Wenda. Not Wendy, but Wenda. 'I'm going to call it Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers'.\" ", "precise_score": 5.447083950042725, "rough_score": 4.9886627197265625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "By 1968 Thomas had increased sales in the four fried chicken restaurants so much that he sold his share in them back to Sanders for more than $1.5 million. This experience would prove invaluable to Thomas when he began Wendy's about a year later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.253361701965332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "After serving as a regional director for Kentucky Fried Chicken, Thomas became part of the investor group which founded Arthur Treacher's. His involvement with the new restaurant lasted less than a year before he went on to found Wendy's. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.209952354431152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "Wendy's", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.105131149291992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "In 1982, Thomas resigned from his day-to-day operations at Wendy's. However, by 1985, several company business decisions, including an awkward new breakfast menu and loss in brand awareness due to fizzled marketing efforts, caused the company's new president to urge Thomas back into a more active role with Wendy's. Thomas began to visit franchises and espouse his hardworking, so-called \"mop-bucket attitude.\" In 1989, he took on a significant role as the TV spokesperson in a series of commercials for the brand. Thomas was not a natural actor, and initially, his performances were criticized as stiff and ineffective by advertising critics. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.05419635772705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "By 1990, after efforts by Wendy's agency, Backer Spielvolgel Bates, to get humor into the campaign, a decision was made to portray Thomas in a more self-deprecating and folksy manner, which proved much more popular with test audiences. Consumer brand awareness of Wendy's eventually regained levels it had not achieved since octogenarian Clara Peller's wildly popular \"Where's the beef?\" campaign of 1984.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.587177276611328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "With his natural self-effacing style and his relaxed manner, Thomas quickly became a household name. A company survey during the 1990s, a decade during which Thomas starred in every Wendy's commercial that aired, found that 90% of Americans knew who Thomas was. After more than 800 commercials, it was clear that Thomas played a major role in Wendy's status as the country's third most popular burger restaurant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.259542465209961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "Thomas had four children besides Melinda: three daughters, Pam, Lori and Molly, and a son, Kenny. Though Kenny died in 2013, Dave's daughters still continue to own and run multiple Wendy's locations. Thomas founded the chain Sisters Chicken and Biscuits in 1978, named in reference to his other 3 daughters. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5271148681640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" }, { "answer": "Wendy's", "passage": "Thomas had been battling Carcinoid Cancer (AKA Neuroendocrine Tumor) since the 1990s, the disease had metastasized to his liver. He died on January 8, 2002 at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida at the age of 69. Thomas was buried in Union Cemetery in Columbus, Ohio. At the time of his death, there were more than 6,000 Wendy's restaurants operating in North America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.82636833190918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dave Thomas (businessman)" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Soccer", "passage": "The (FIFA; English: International Federation of Association Football) is the governing body of association football, futsal and beach soccer. FIFA is responsible for the organisation of football's major international tournaments, notably the World Cup which commenced in 1930 and the Women's World Cup which commenced in 1991.", "precise_score": 9.363821983337402, "rough_score": 8.8495454788208, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" }, { "answer": "Rules of football", "passage": "Although FIFA doesn't control the rules of football (that being the responsibility of the International Football Association Board), it is responsible for both the organization of a number of tournaments and their promotion, which generate revenue from sponsorship. In 2013 FIFA had revenues of over 1.3 billion U.S. dollars, for a net profit of 72 million, and had cash reserves of over 1.4 billion U.S. dollars. ", "precise_score": 4.8649821281433105, "rough_score": 2.530451536178589, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" }, { "answer": "Association football", "passage": "The need for a single body to oversee association football became apparent at the beginning of the 20th century with the increasing popularity of international fixtures. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in the rear of the headquarters of the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques at the Rue Saint Honoré 229 in Paris on 21 May 1904. The French name and acronym are used even outside French-speaking countries. The founding members were the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain (represented by Madrid Football Club; the Spanish federation was not created until 1913), Sweden and Switzerland. Also, that same day, the German Association declared its intention of affiliating through a telegram.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.189462661743164, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" }, { "answer": "Association football", "passage": "The first president of FIFA was Robert Guérin. Guérin was replaced in 1906 by Daniel Burley Woolfall from England, by then a member of the association. The first tournament FIFA staged, the association football competition for the 1908 Olympics in London was more successful than its Olympic predecessors, despite the presence of professional footballers, contrary to the founding principles of FIFA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.149178504943848, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" }, { "answer": "Association football", "passage": "Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF; 35 members)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.008252143859863, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" }, { "answer": "Fútbol", "passage": "Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL; 10 members)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.406386375427246, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" }, { "answer": "Association football", "passage": "FIFA holds an annual awards ceremony which recognises both individual and team achievements in international association football. Individually, the top men's player is awarded the FIFA Ballon d'Or and the top women's player is named FIFA World Player of the Year; the latter title was also awarded to the men's player prior to its 2010 merger with France Footballs Ballon d'Or. At the Ballon d'Or banquet, the FIFA Puskás Award, FIFA/FIFPro Best XI, FIFA Fair Play Award, and FIFA Presidential Award are also awarded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1258758306503296, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" }, { "answer": "Soccer", "passage": "Since the 1994 FIFA World Cup, like the UEFA Champions League, FIFA has adopted an anthem composed by the German composer Franz Lambert. It has been recently re-arranged and produced by Rob May and Simon Hill. The FIFA Anthem is played at the beginning of official FIFA sanctioned matches and tournaments such as international friendlies, the FIFA World Cup, FIFA Women's World Cup, FIFA U-20 World Cup, FIFA U-17 World Cup, Football at the Summer Olympics, FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, FIFA Women's U-17 World Cup, FIFA Futsal World Cup, FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.905723571777344, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" }, { "answer": "Soccer", "passage": "* FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.910633087158203, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "William Harrison Dempsey", "Jack Dempsy", "Dempsey Roll", "Manassa Mauler", "Jack Dempsey" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "manassa mauler", "william harrison dempsey", "dempsey roll", "jack dempsy", "jack dempsey" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "jack dempsey", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Jack Dempsey" }

[ { "answer": "Jack Dempsey", "passage": "The International Boxing Hall of Fame opened in Canastota in 1989. The first inductees in 1990 included Jack Johnson, Benny Leonard, Jack Dempsey, Henry Armstrong, Sugar Ray Robinson, Archie Moore, and Muhammad Ali. Other world-class figures include Salvador Sanchez, Jose Napoles, Roberto \"Manos de Piedra\" Durán, Ricardo Lopez, Gabriel \"Flash\" Elorde, Vicente Saldivar, Ismael Laguna, Eusebio Pedroza, Carlos Monzón, Azumah Nelson, Rocky Marciano, Pipino Cuevas and Ken Buchanan. The Hall of Fame's induction ceremony is held every June as part of a four-day event. The fans who come to Canastota for the Induction Weekend are treated to a number of events, including scheduled autograph sessions, boxing exhibitions, a parade featuring past and present inductees, and the induction ceremony itself.", "precise_score": -3.9382009506225586, "rough_score": -7.425327301025391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Jack Dempsey", "passage": "Professional bouts are usually much longer than amateur bouts, typically ranging from ten to twelve rounds, though four-round fights are common for less experienced fighters or club fighters. There are also some two- and three-round professional bouts, especially in Australia. Through the early twentieth century, it was common for fights to have unlimited rounds, ending only when one fighter quit, benefiting high-energy fighters like Jack Dempsey. Fifteen rounds remained the internationally recognized limit for championship fights for most of the twentieth century until the early 1980s, when the death of boxer Duk Koo Kim eventually prompted the World Boxing Council and other organizations sanctioning professional boxing to reduce the limit to twelve rounds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.770223140716553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Jack Dempsey", "passage": "Notable in-fighters include Julio César Chávez, Miguel Cotto, Joe Frazier, Danny García, Mike Tyson, Manny Pacquiao, Saúl Álvarez, Rocky Marciano, Jack Dempsey, Wayne McCullough, Gerry Penalosa, Harry Greb, David Tua, Ricky Hatton and Gennady Golovkin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.275445938110352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Jack Dempsey", "passage": "* Bob and weave – Bobbing moves the head laterally and beneath an incoming punch. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer bends the legs quickly and simultaneously shifts the body either slightly right or left. Once the punch has been evaded, the boxer \"weaves\" back to an upright position, emerging on either the outside or inside of the opponent's still-extended arm. To move outside the opponent's extended arm is called \"bobbing to the outside\". To move inside the opponent's extended arm is called \"bobbing to the inside\". Joe Frazier, Jack Dempsey, Mike Tyson and Rocky Marciano were masters of bobbing and weaving.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.542946815490723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Jack Dempsey", "passage": "The Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas features the $75 million ESPN Classic Sports fight film and tape library and radio broadcast collection. The collection includes the fights of all the great champions including: Muhammad Ali, Mike Tyson, George Foreman, Roberto Duran, Marvin Hagler, Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, Joe Frazier, Rocky Marciano and Sugar Ray Robinson. It is this exclusive fight film library that will separate the Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas from the other halls of fame which do not have rights to any video of their sports. The inaugural inductees included Muhammad Ali, Henry Armstrong, Tony Canzoneri, Ezzard Charles, Julio Cesar Chavez Sr., Jack Dempsey, Roberto Duran, Joe Louis, and Sugar Ray Robinson ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.376904487609863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Meow Mix (cat food)", "The Meow Mix Theme", "Meow Mix Cat", "Alley Cat (cat food)", "Meowmix", "Meow Mix Theme", "Singing cat", "Meow Mix" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "meow mix", "meowmix", "meow mix theme", "meow mix cat", "singing cat", "meow mix cat food", "alley cat cat food" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "meow mix", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Meow Mix" }

[ { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "The Meow Mix Company operates from a 200000 sqft facility in Decatur, Alabama and produces Alley Cat brand cat food products. Originally a product of Ralston Purina, Meow Mix was divested for antitrust reasons in the early 2000s. The brand was acquired by Del Monte Foods in May, 2006. Their most famous slogan is, “Tastes so good, cats ask for it by name.”", "precise_score": 6.37728214263916, "rough_score": 0.768444836139679, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meow Mix" }, { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "* Eych! — \"Eych! It's the only hairball remover that cats ask for by name.\" A spoof of Meow Mix, but instead the cats cough in an exceedingly funny manner. ", "precise_score": 0.12952549755573273, "rough_score": 5.8489766120910645, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of Saturday Night Live commercial parodies" }, { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "Meow Mix is a variety of dry and wet cat food known for its advertising jingle. It is a product of The J.M. Smucker Company as of March 23, 2015. Meow Mix was introduced in 1974 and sells many flavors too. It also is known for selling Alley Cat dry cat food. Their current slogan is \"It's all about the mix\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.199718475341797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meow Mix" }, { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "\"The Meow Mix Theme\" was written by Shelley Palmer in 1970 and performed by a singing cat. The theme's lyrics is 'Meow meow meow meow' repeated multiple times, with various cats moving their mouths and captions on the bottom as if the cats were verbally speaking. The idea came from Ron Travisano, at the advertising agency of Della Femina Travisano and Partners, who had the account with Ralston Purina in 1974. Travisano put together film footage with editor Jay Gold, looping images of a cat to make it look like it was singing. The music was then composed by Tom McFaul of the jingle house Lucas/McFaul, one of the major jingle-composing houses at the time. Working from Travisano's film, McFaul wrote and produced music to fit, with the actual meowing performed by professional singer Linda November. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.844153881072998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meow Mix" }, { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "Meow Mix House", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509034156799316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meow Mix" }, { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "Meow Mix House was a reality TV show created by Meow Mix in the format of Survivor. Ten cats rescued from animal shelters nationwide (including the ASPCA in New York, Touched by an Animal in Chicago, and Kitten Rescue in Los Angeles) competed for a grand prize — an executive-level position with the Meow Mix Company. These three-minute reality TV segments aired on Animal Planet for ten consecutive weeks, beginning on June 16, 2006. The cats were viewable full-time via webcam and were adopted as they were voted off of the show, receiving a year’s supply of Meow Mix as a consolation prize. Weekly contest winners for areas such as “Best Purr” and “Greatest Post Climber” were decided by a panel of judges. Two winners were chosen — one through professional judges, and a second by TV viewers. The company stated that the winner received the title of Meow Mix’s “feline vice president of research,” as well as becoming part of a new family. A second corporate position was provided to the cat voted most popular by viewers. It was possible that they would do a second season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.41726303100586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meow Mix" }, { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "Miami’s Cisco won the top prize of VP of R&D at Meow Mix, and Ellis from Portland won the title of viewers’ choice winner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448612213134766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meow Mix" }, { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "Meow Mix comes in many varieties, including Meow Mix Original Choice, Meow Mix Seafood Selections, Meow Mix Indoor Formula, Meow Mix Tender Centers and (Now discontinued) Meow Mix Market Select.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49549674987793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meow Mix" }, { "answer": "Meow Mix", "passage": "Note: ingredient list for Meow Mix Original Choice Dry Cat Food", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.020132064819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meow Mix" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Wisteria Lane" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "wisteria lane" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "wisteria lane", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Wisteria Lane" }

[ { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "Set on Wisteria Lane, a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State, Desperate Housewives followed the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode. The storyline covers thirteen years of the women's lives over eight seasons, set between the years 2004–2008, and later 2013–2017 (the story arc included a five-year passage of time, as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s). They worked through domestic struggles and family life, while facing the secrets, crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their—on the surface—beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood.", "precise_score": 7.174956798553467, "rough_score": 8.921689987182617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "The ABC executives were not initially satisfied with the name of the new show, suggesting Wisteria Lane and The Secret Lives of Housewives instead. However, on October 23, 2003, Desperate Housewives was announced by ABC, presented as a prime time soap opera created by Charles Pratt, Jr. of Melrose Place fame, and Marc Cherry, who declared the new show to be a mix of Knots Landing and American Beauty with a little bit of Twin Peaks. While Cherry continued his work on the show, Pratt was credited as executive producer for the pilot episode only, remaining linked to the show as a consulting producer during the first two seasons.", "precise_score": -4.269545078277588, "rough_score": -0.7488636374473572, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "The set for Wisteria Lane, consisting mainly of facades but also of some proper houses, was located on the Universal Studios Hollywood back lot. It was referred to by film crews as Colonial Street, and has been used for several motion pictures and television shows since the mid-1940s. Notable productions that were filmed here include: So Goes My Love, Leave it to Beaver, The 'Burbs, Providence, Deep Impact, Bedtime for Bonzo, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, Gremlins, The Munsters, Psycho, and Buffy the Vampire Slayer. For the second season of Desperate Housewives, the street went through some heavy changes. Among the most noticeable of these changes was the removal of a church facade and a mansion in order to make room for Edie's house and a park. ", "precise_score": 0.46133118867874146, "rough_score": 0.9135736227035522, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "Wisteria Lane is the name of a fictional street at the center of U.S. television drama series Desperate Housewives. Desperate Housewives story lines primarily center on the residents of the street. The set for Wisteria Lane is located inside Universal Studios Hollywood, and is actually named Colonial Street, an area that has been used for many motion pictures and television shows. Other film and television productions in which Colonial Street has featured include the original Leave It to Beaver series, Gremlins, The 'Burbs, and Buffy the Vampire Slayer. ", "precise_score": 5.047181129455566, "rough_score": 8.377843856811523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "Currently Colonial Street – including Circle Drive – has sixteen main buildings, with three of them located outside the Desperate Housewives filming area. The house closest to the settings, located next to what's called 4348 Wisteria Lane within the show, is being used by guards to stop any unauthorized access to \"Wisteria Lane\". ", "precise_score": 2.1087183952331543, "rough_score": 2.271369457244873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4353 (commonly known as Susan's house) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. Since the show's beginning Susan Myer has owned the house. Paul Young rented the house throughout the seventh season, with his new wife Beth Young, until Beth kills herself, and Paul soon lets Susan and Mike move back in.", "precise_score": 1.9031624794006348, "rough_score": -0.2458486109972, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "The official website of Universal Studios Hollywood presents a map of Colonial Street, as it looked between 1989 and 1996. Besides the changes made during the first year of Desperate Housewives, the main difference between this map and the current look of the street is that the houses known in Desperate Housewives as 4352 Wisteria Lane and 4354 Wisteria Lane (Mary Alice's and Bree's houses) replaced two older buildings in 1996.", "precise_score": 0.6379539370536804, "rough_score": 3.958667755126953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "Interior sets were built on sound stages at Universal Studios Hollywood, some of which were duplicated in some form on the Wisteria Lane back lot for filming when conditions required it. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22402572631836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "The first season premiered on October 3, 2004, and introduces the four central characters of the show: Susan Mayer, Lynette Scavo, Bree Van de Kamp and Gabrielle Solis, as well as their families and neighbors on Wisteria Lane. The main mystery of the season is the unexpected suicide of Mary Alice Young, and the involvement of her husband Paul Young (Mark Moses) and their son Zach (Cody Kasch) in the events leading up to it. Susan fights Edie Britt (Nicollette Sheridan) for the affection of new neighbor Mike Delfino (James Denton), Lynette struggles to cope with her demanding children, Bree fights to save her marriage to Rex Van de Kamp (Steven Culp), and Gabrielle tries to prevent her husband Carlos Solis (Ricardo Antonio Chavira) from discovering that she is having an affair with their gardener, John Rowland (Jesse Metcalfe).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.434561729431152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "The second season premiered on September 25, 2005, and its central mystery is that of new neighbor Betty Applewhite (Alfre Woodard), who moved onto Wisteria Lane in the middle of the night. Throughout the season, Bree tries to cope with being a widow, unknowingly begins dating the man who poisoned her husband, fights alcoholism, and is unable to prevent the gap between her and her son Andrew Van de Kamp (Shawn Pyfrom) from growing to extremes. Susan's love life becomes even more complicated as her ex-husband Karl Mayer (Richard Burgi) is engaged to Edie and is also started to incline towards Susan. Lynette goes back to her career in advertising while her husband Tom Scavo (Doug Savant) becomes a stay-at-home father, and Gabrielle decides to be faithful to Carlos, and begins preparations to have a child. Paul is framed and sent to jail not for the murder he committed in the previous season, but for a fake one.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.779406547546387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "The fourth season premiered on September 30, 2007, and its main mystery revolves around new neighbor Katherine Mayfair (Dana Delany) and her family, who return to Wisteria Lane after twelve years away. Lynette battles cancer; the newlywed – but unhappy – Gabrielle starts an affair with her ex-husband Carlos; Susan and Mike enjoy life as a married couple and learn that they are expecting a child; Bree fakes a pregnancy and plans to raise her teenage daughter's illegitimate child as her own; and Edie schemes to hold on to her new love, Carlos. A gay couple from Chicago – Lee McDermott (Kevin Rahm) and Bob Hunter (Tuc Watkins) – become residents of Wisteria Lane. A tornado threatens to destroy everything, and everyone, that the housewives hold dear. In the closing minute the characters and their story have flashed forward by five years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.319782257080078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "The fifth season premiered on September 28, 2008, with the time period jumping five years after the previous season, with some flashbacks to events which happened between the two periods. The season mystery revolves around Edie's new husband, Dave Williams (Neal McDonough), who is looking for revenge on someone on Wisteria Lane (later revealed to be Mike). Susan deals with being a single mother and having a new romance with her painter, while Mike starts dating Katherine. Lynette and Tom learn that their now teenage son is having an affair with a married woman whose husband's nightclub burns down with all of Wisteria Lane's neighbors inside. Gabrielle struggles with Carlos' blindness, two young daughters, and a financial crisis. Bree and Orson have marriage problems because Bree has become too focused on her career as a successful cookbook writer and caterer. Edie dies of electrocution after a car crash, before she can expose Dave moments after she discovers his secret.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.598440170288086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "The seventh season premiered on September 26, 2010, and its main mystery is Paul's return to Wisteria Lane with a new wife and with plans of punishing the residents for shunning him during his incarceration, while an old nemesis of his still plans to get her own revenge on him. Lynette's best friend from college Renee Perry (Vanessa Williams) moves to the lane and stirs things up among the other housewives. Gabrielle and Carlos learn an unsettling fact about their daughter Juanita Solis (Madison De La Garza), which ultimately takes them back to Gabrielle's home town of Las Colinas. A now divorced Bree starts dating her contractor, and reveals the truth about the death of Carlos' mother, consequently ending the friendship between the Solis family and Bree. Due to financial problems, Susan and her family have moved off the lane, and Susan is forced to earn money by untraditional means. Following a major riot on the lane, Susan is put on the waiting list for a vital organ donation. Lynette persuades Tom to take an exciting new job, which leads to unprecedented problems in their marriage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.7021803855896, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "2006 saw the release of two video games: Buena Vista Games released the sim computer game Desperate Housewives: The Game, featuring an original storyline spanning 12 episodes. The game is set on Wisteria Lane, but the player does not play as any of the housewives, although they frequently appear.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9842305183410645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "Reading 'Desperate Housewives': Beyond the White Picket Fence (ISBN 978-1-84511-220-2), from I.B. Tauris, is an academic look at the show by film studies lecturers Janet McCabe and Kim Akassm, Welcome to Wisteria Lane: On America's Favorite Desperate Housewives (ISBN 978-1-932100-79-2), published by BenBella Books, consists of seventeen essays written from a feminist perspective, and in Chalice Press' Not-so-desperate: Fantasy, Fact And Faith on Wisteria Lane (ISBN 0-8272-2513-X) author Shawnthea Monroe is giving a Christian interpretation of the show. Also, following the \"real life desperate housewives\" phenomenon, several books have been released dealing with life strategies for contemporary women.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.935960292816162, "source": "wiki", "title": "Desperate Housewives" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4347 (commonly known as The Greenberg House) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town Fairview. Ida Greenberg resides there in seasons 1-4. After Ida Greenberg's death in season 4, the house was temporarily occupied by Karen McCluskey. Since season 6 it has been occupied by Mitzi Kinsky.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8728432655334473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4348 (commonly called the Kemper house) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane in the town of Fairview. Rose Kemper resides there from pre series-season 5. In season 5 she goes to live in a nursing home and it is unknown who currently resides there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3557723760604858, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4349 (commonly known as The Solis House) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. They moved in during the summer of 2003, Gabrielle Solis and Carlos Solis have owned the house. They move out a year after the series ends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6274447441101074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4350 (commonly known as The Old Huber House) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. In season one, the home was owned by Martha Huber who had owned the house years earlier as well. After her house burned down, Edie Britt resided with Martha Huber until her new house was re-built. When Paul Young murders her, her sister Felicia Tilman moves in. Felicia stays in the house until the end of season two, where she frames Paul, for her own 'murder'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.508262276649475, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4351 (commonly known as The Old Applewhite House) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.378912925720215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "4351 Wisteria Lane has been owned by Bob Hunter and Lee McDermott since Season 4. In season 7 Lee sells his house to Paul Young. He most likely got it back after Paul went back to prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.156460762023926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4352 (commonly known as Mary Alice's house) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. In season five the house has been painted green and the archway and the beginning of the house has been removed. The Youngs moved in the house in 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4991700649261475, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4354 (commonly known as the Van de Kamp house) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. Bree Van de Kamp has been the sole owner since her husband Rex Van de Kamp's death. Together in this house, they raised their children, Andrew Van de Kamp and Danielle Van de Kamp. They moved into the house in 1994.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.848524570465088, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4355 (commonly known as the Scavo house) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. Since the beginning Lynette Scavo and Tom Scavo have owned the house. They moved into the house in 1997, living there with their five children, Preston Scavo, Porter Scavo, Parker Scavo, Penny Scavo, Paige Scavo, and Kayla Huttington Scavo. Kayla lives in the house full-time for the middle of season three and all of season four. In season seven, Porter and Preston move out. By the end of season seven, Lynette and Tom decide to separate and divorce after a long fight between the two. In season eight Tom moves out and the twins, Porter and Preston, move back in temporarily. Tom moves back in during the two part finale as they reconcile. They move out four weeks later to New York City where they live in a penthouse overlooking Central Park.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.05366849899292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4356; commonly known as the Simms House (before season one), The Delfino House (first three seasons), Mayfair House (season four to season six), the Graham House (first half of season seven) and then The Tilman House (middle of season seven to end of season seven); is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. It is assumed that Katherine Mayfair sold the house to Emma Graham (Dana Glover), and then she sold it to Paul in season 7. Felicia Tilman was the owner of the house after inheriting it from her daughter, Beth. Ben Faulkner moved into the house at the start of season eight. It is not known whether Ben still lives in this house or if he moved in with his new wife Renee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4608020782470703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4358 (commonly known as the McCluskey house) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. Since the show's beginning Karen McCluskey has owned the house. She is one of the oldest residents on the lane and has lived there for 35 years. After the tornado in \"Something's Coming\", Karen's home was completely destroyed. A replacement blue house has been constructed in time for the fifth season. This house has a working 2nd floor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7825284004211426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "No. 4362 (commonly known as Edie Britt's house) is a house situated on Wisteria Lane, in the town of Fairview. The house was primarily owned by Edie Britt until her death in season five. She moved onto the Lane sometime in the early year 2003. The original house was burned down by Susan Myer in the pilot episode. The house was rebuilt for season two in 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1066696643829346, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "These are the current known residents of Wisteria Lane, covering episodes (1.01—5.24). Note that no residents 4348 (Drew House) and 4360 Wisteria Lane have been mentioned, although an unnamed woman, played by an uncredited actress, is seen living in no. 4360 in episode 4.02. Also in Season 2, there is a black haired woman living here. In Season 3, there is a blonde haired cheating housewife here. Also, in Season 3, Mrs McClusky is seen reporting a man washing his pet Pig on the lawn of 4360. Most likely neighborhood big mouth Mona Clark lives here, although in Season 5 she is shown living at the Corner House.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.451963901519775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "Before the large changes to the set after Season One, 4360 and 4362 Wisteria Lane, as well as the park, situated around the cul-de-sac, were not shown.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.059272766113281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "Where 4360 Wisteria Lane was built, was formerly store façades and a school façade. At 4362, Edie Britt's home, was originally a church façade that was removed. That church was seen in Murder, She Wrote (1984) as \"Cabot Cove's community church\". Where the park is now (see map), was previously a relatively larger home, \"Colonial Mansion.\" In season 1 Susan Mayer burns down Edie Britt's house and there are changes to the kitchen and exterior.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.965426445007324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "*Although most house numbers are the same as otherwise stated, there are two exceptions: The house between Susan's and Gabrielle's houses (later known as the Applewhite house) is noted as 4354, and Bree's house is said to be 4359. Generally these houses are shown to be 4351 and 4354 Wisteria Lane, respectively, with Mike's map being the only exception.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40011215209961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "*The resident of 4347 Wisteria Lane is not said to be Ida Greenberg - this character is not introduced until episode five, \"Come In, Stranger\". Instead there are two other names noted, but too blurry to be read properly. However, Morris, their last name, is readable. Also, one of them seems to be named Gary, and they're 42 and 38 years old respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.188639640808105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "In addition, although the camera briefly passes by 4358 Wisteria Lane - the house that (starting with episode 14, \"Love is in the Air\") would be known as Karen McCluskey's home - it turns away before any names are shown.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.313615798950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" }, { "answer": "Wisteria Lane", "passage": "A map of Wisteria Lane is also included in the official season one companion book, Desperate Housewives: Behind Closed Doors, published in 2005. This map does not show the house numbers but confirms the existence and location of most Wisteria Lane houses to appear on the show. The exceptions are the three buildings beyond Karen McCluskey's house, which were not added to the shows filming location until season two. Also - while most of the houses on the map are labeled \"The Scavo House\", \"The Young House\" etc., the houses now known as the McCluskey house, the Greenberg house and 4348 Wisteria Lane, are left without any description.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.748671531677246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wisteria Lane" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Rock n role", "Rock 'n' role", "Rock ‘n’ Roll", "Rock 'n' Roll music", "Rock 'n' roll", "Rock'n roll music", "Rock 'n role", "Rock ’n’ Roll", "Rockandroll", "Rock'n Roll", "Rock&Roll", "Rock 'n roll", "Rock’n roll", "Rock & roll", "Rock ‘n' roll", "Rock-'n'-roll", "Rock & role", "Rock n Roll", "Rock 'N' Roll Music", "Rock N' roll", "Rock'n'Roll", "Rock and Roll", "Rocknroll", "Rock n roll", "Rock and/or Roll", "Rock&roll", "Rock-n-Roll", "Rock N’ Roll", "Rock N' Roll", "Rock & Roll", "Rock 'N' Roll", "Rock n' role", "Rock N Roll", "Rock n' roll", "Rock and Roll music", "Rock and roll", "Rock+role", "RockAndRoll", "Racism in rock music", "Rock and role", "Racism in early rock music", "Rock-n-roll", "Rock 'n' Rollah", "Rock And Roll", "Rock & roll music", "Rock 'n Roll", "Rock+roll", "Rock 'n' Roll", "Rock n' Roll", "Rock'n'roll", "Rock 'N Roll", "Rock ‘n’ roll", "Rock + roll", "Rock-and-roll", "Rock'n roll", "Rock and rol", "Rock + role" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "rock role", "rock and role", "rock and rol", "rock n roll", "rockandroll", "rocknroll", "rock and roll music", "rock n role", "racism in early rock music", "rock roll music", "rock and or roll", "rock n rollah", "rock n roll music", "rock and roll", "rock roll", "racism in rock music" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "rock and roll", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Rock and Roll" }

[ { "answer": "Rock and Roll", "passage": "Cleveland ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 mi west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "precise_score": 5.480505466461182, "rough_score": 4.855898380279541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cleveland" }, { "answer": "Rock and Roll", "passage": "In commemoration of the centennial of Cleveland's incorporation as a city, the Great Lakes Exposition debuted in June 1936 along the Lake Erie shore north of downtown. Conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Burke Lakefront Airport, among others. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4445788860321045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cleveland" }, { "answer": "Rock and Roll", "passage": "The metropolitan area began a gradual economic recovery under mayors George Voinovich and Michael R. White. Redevelopment within the city limits has been strongest in the downtown area near the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex—consisting of Progressive Field and Quicken Loans Arena—and near North Coast Harbor, including the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, FirstEnergy Stadium, and the Great Lakes Science Center. Cleveland has been hailed by local media as the \"Comeback City\", while economic development of the inner-city neighborhoods and improvement of the school systems are municipal priorities. In 1999, Cleveland was identified as an emerging global city. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4153934717178345, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cleveland" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Suez Canal Zone", "Suez Channel", "Suez canal", "The Suez Canal", "Nile Canal", "Suez Canal", "Suez Canal (Egypt)", "Egypt's Canal Zone", "The suez canal" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "suez canal zone", "suez canal", "suez canal egypt", "egypt s canal zone", "suez channel", "nile canal" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "suez canal", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "The Suez Canal" }

[ { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "The name of Port Said first appeared in 1855, It was chosen by an International committee composed of Great Britain, France, the Russian Empire, Austria, Spain and Piedmont. It is a compound name which composed of two parts: Port (marine harbour) and Said (the name of the ruler of Egypt at that time), who granted Ferdinand de Lesseps the concession to dig the Suez Canal.", "precise_score": -3.112064838409424, "rough_score": -5.466046333312988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "Suez canal", "passage": "File:Port Said Suez Canal.jpg|Tourist jetty in Port Said", "precise_score": -3.241649627685547, "rough_score": -6.4479804039001465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "Suez canal", "passage": "File:PORT-SAÏD. BUREAUX DE LA COMPAGNIE DU CANAL DE SUEZ (n.d.) - front - TIMEA.jpg|Building of Suez Canal Authority in Port Said ", "precise_score": -4.800905704498291, "rough_score": -6.696656703948975, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "Port Said ( ', the first syllable has its pronunciation from French; unurbanized local pronunciation:) is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about 30 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787 (2010). The city was established in 1859 during the building of the Suez Canal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.239306449890137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "Port Said has been ranked the second among the Egyptian cities according to the Human Development Index in 2009 and 2010, the economic base of the city is fishing and industries, like chemicals, processed food, and cigarettes. Port Said is also an important harbour for exports of Egyptian products like cotton and rice, but also a fueling station for ships that pass through the Suez Canal. It thrives on being a duty-free port, as well as a tourist resort especially during summer. It is home to the Lighthouse of Port Said (the first building in the world built from reinforced concrete).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.09067440032959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "There are numerous old houses with grand balconies on all floors, giving the city a distinctive look. Port Said's twin city is Port Fuad, which lies on the eastern bank of the canal. The two cities coexist, to the extent that there is hardly any town centre in Port Fuad. The cities are connected by free ferries running all through the day, and together they form a metropolitan area with over a million residents that extends both on the African and the Asian sides of the Suez Canal. The only other metropolitan area in the world that also spans two continents is Istanbul.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.510293006896973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "Following the end of the World War I, the directors of the Suez Canal Company decided to create a new city on the Asian bank, building 300 houses for its labourers and functionaries. Port Fouad was designed by the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. The houses follow the French model. The new city was founded in December 1926.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.491147994995117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "Since its establishment Port Said played a significant role in Egyptian history. The British entered Egypt through the city in 1882, starting their occupation of Egypt. In 1936 a treaty was signed between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt called the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. It stipulated the British pledge to withdraw all their troops from Egypt, except those necessary to protect the Suez Canal and its surroundings. Following World War II, Egypt denounced the Treaty of 1936, leading to skirmishes with British troops guarding the Canal in 1951.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.970285415649414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 occurred. Then in 1956, President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal Company. The nationalisation escalated tension with Britain and France, who colluded with Israel to invade Egypt, the invasion known in Egypt as the tripartite aggression or the Suez Crisis. The main battles occurred in Port Said, which played a historic role in the Suez Crisis. The withdrawal of the last soldier of foreign troops was on the 23rd of December 1956. Since then, this day was chosen as Port Said's national day. It is widely celebrated annually in Port Said. The French-speaking European community had begun to emigrate to Europe, Australia, South Africa and elsewhere in 1946 and most of the remainder left Egypt in the wake of the Suez Crisis, paralleling the contemporary exodus of French-speaking Europeans from Tunisia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.5021333694458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "After the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, also called the Six-Day War, the Suez Canal was closed by an Egyptian blockade until 5 June 1975, and the residents of Port Said were evacuated by the Egyptian government to prepare for the Yom Kippur War (1973).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.57140827178955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "The port is bordered, seaward, by an imaginary line from the western breakwater boundary till the eastern breakwater end. And from the Suez Canal area, it is bordered by an imaginary line extending transversely from the southern bank of the Canal connected to Manzala Lake, and the railways arcade livestock.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.00295352935791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "The Suez Canal dwelling area is situated between latitudes 31° 21' N and 31° 25' N and longitudes 32° 16.2°' E and 32° 20.6' E. where vessels awaiting to accede Port Said port stay whether to join the North convoy to transit the Suez Canal to carry out stevedoring operations or to be supplied with provisions and bunkers. The dwelling area is divided into two sections:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.701958656311035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "Port Said is linked by the Ferry to its twin city Port Fouad which is considered the Asian part of this Afro-Asian governorate \"Port Said\" on the eastern bank of the Suez Canal, the ferry is used to cross the Canal between the two cities holding both people and cars as well for free, the time between the two cities across the canal by using the ferry doesn't exceed 10 minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.261849880218506, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "* Port Said Military Museum was inaugurated in 1964. It is located in 23 July street, It narrates the story of the Egyptian resistance in Port Said for the tripartite aggression during the Suez Crisis in 1956, the wars of 1967 and 1973, and it also contains a hall that narrates the genesis of the city and the Suez Canal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.751163482666016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" }, { "answer": "The Suez Canal", "passage": "Port Said is a main summer resort and tourist attraction, due to its public and private beaches, cosmopolitan heritage, Museums and duty-free port, beside the other landmarks like the Lighthouse of Port Said, Port Said Martyrs Memorial that has the shape of the Pharaonic ancient obelisks and the building of the Suez Canal Authority headquarter in Port Said, also Tennis island situated in lake Manzaleh is a destination that attracts tourists to enjoy visiting this ancient Islamic city which was demolished during the crusades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.162228584289551, "source": "wiki", "title": "Port Said" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "St Helena Ebony", "Diospyros glaberrima", "Madagascar ebony", "Diospyros hebecarpa", "Ebony" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "diospyros hebecarpa", "diospyros glaberrima", "ebony", "st helena ebony", "madagascar ebony" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "ebony", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Ebony" }

[ { "answer": "Ebony", "passage": "In the early years of piano construction, keys were commonly made from sugar pine. Today they are usually made of spruce or basswood. Spruce is typically used in high-quality pianos. Black keys were traditionally made of ebony, and the white keys were covered with strips of ivory. However, since ivory-yielding species are now endangered and protected by treaty, makers use plastics almost exclusively. Also, ivory tends to chip more easily than plastic. Legal ivory can still be obtained in limited quantities. The Yamaha firm invented a plastic called Ivorite that they claim mimics the look and feel of ivory. It has since been imitated by other makers.", "precise_score": 8.175189971923828, "rough_score": 7.14039945602417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Piano" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Reporter", "passage": "Tintin is the fictional hero of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is a reporter and adventurer who travels around the world with his dog Snowy. The character was created in 1929 and introduced in ', a weekly youth supplement to the Belgian newspaper '. He appears as a young man, around 14 to 19 years old with a round face and quiff hairstyle. Tintin has a sharp intellect, can defend himself, and is honest, decent, compassionate, and kind. Through his investigative reporting, quick-thinking, and all-around good nature, Tintin is always able to solve the mystery and complete the adventure.", "precise_score": 4.042356014251709, "rough_score": 4.942854881286621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tintin (character)" }, { "answer": "Reporter", "passage": "The study of Tintin has become the life work of many literary critics, observers sometimes referring to this study as \"Tintinology\". A prominent literary critic of Tintin is Philippe Goddin, \"Belgium's leading authority on Hergé\", author of numerous books on the subject, including Hergé and Tintin, Reporters and the biography '. In 1983, Benoît Peeters published ', subsequently published in English as Tintin and the World of Hergé in 1988. The reporter Michael Farr brought Tintin literary criticism to the English language with works such as Tintin, 60 Years of Adventure (1989), Tintin: The Complete Companion (2001), Tintin & Co. (2007) and The Adventures of Hergé (2007), as had English screenwriter Harry Thompson, the author of Tintin: Hergé and his Creation (1991).", "precise_score": -2.498183250427246, "rough_score": -4.160839080810547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tintin (character)" }, { "answer": "Journalists", "passage": "Hergé would also have been aware of the activities of a number of popular journalists who were well known in Belgium, most notably Joseph Kessel and Albert Londres, who may have been an influence on the development of Tintin. Another potential influence was Palle Huld, a 15-year-old Danish Boy Scout travelling the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.675809860229492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tintin (character)" }, { "answer": "Reporter", "passage": "Hergé had seen the new style of American comics and was ready to try it. Tintin's new comic would be a strip cartoon with dialogue in speech bubbles and drawings that carried the story. Young reporter Tintin would have the investigative acumen of Londres, the travelling abilities of Huld, and the high moral standing of Totor; the Boy Scout traveling reporter that Hergé would have liked to have been.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.375668525695801, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tintin (character)" }, { "answer": "Reporter", "passage": "From Tintin's first adventure, he lives the life of a campaigning reporter. He is sent to the Soviet Union, where he writes his editor a dispatch. He travels to the Belgian Congo, where he engages in photojournalism. When he travels to China in The Blue Lotus, the Shanghai News features the front-page headline, \"Tintin's Own Story\". In The Broken Ear, with notebook in hand, Tintin questions the director of the Museum of Ethnography over a recent theft. Sometimes Tintin is the one being interviewed, such as when a radio reporter presses him for details, \"In your own words.\" But aside from a few examples, Tintin is never actually seen consulting with his editor or delivering a story.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.50680685043335, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tintin (character)" }, { "answer": "Reporter", "passage": "To the other characters, Tintin is honest, decent, compassionate, and kind. He is also modest and self-effacing, which Hergé also was, and is the most loyal of friends, which Hergé strove to be. The reporter may occasionally become too tipsy before facing the firing squad (in The Broken Ear) or too angry when informing Captain Haddock that he nearly cost them their lives (in Explorers on the Moon). However, as Michael Farr observed, Tintin has \"tremendous spirit\" and, in Tintin in Tibet, was appropriately given the name Great Heart. By turns, Tintin is innocent, politically crusading, escapist, and finally cynical. If he had perhaps too much of the goody-goody about him, at least he was not priggish; Hergé admitting as much, saying, \"If Tintin is a moralist, he's a moralist who doesn't take things too seriously, so humour is never far away from his stories.\" It is this sense of humour that makes the appeal of Tintin truly international.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.247595310211182, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tintin (character)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Mickey Mouse Operation", "Electoral career of Mickey Mouse", "Mickey Mouse operations", "Micky Mouse", "Mickey Mouse", "Mickey the mouse", "Miki mouse", "Mickey mouse", "Mickey Mouse operation" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "electoral career of mickey mouse", "mickey mouse operation", "mickey mouse operations", "micky mouse", "miki mouse", "mickey mouse" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "mickey mouse", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Mickey Mouse" }

[ { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Meanwhile, Warner Bros. had released three more talkies, all profitable, if not at the level of The Jazz Singer: In March, Tenderloin appeared; it was billed by Warners as the first feature in which characters spoke their parts, though only 15 of its 88 minutes had dialogue. Glorious Betsy followed in April, and The Lion and the Mouse (31 minutes of dialogue) in May. On July 6, 1928, the first all-talking feature, Lights of New York, premiered. The film cost Warner Bros. only $23,000 to produce, but grossed $1.252 million, a record rate of return surpassing 5,000%. In September, the studio released another Al Jolson part-talking picture, The Singing Fool, which more than doubled The Jazz Singers earnings record for a Warners movie. This second Jolson screen smash demonstrated the movie musical's ability to turn a song into a national hit: inside of nine months, the Jolson number \"Sonny Boy\" had racked up 2 million record and 1.25 million sheet music sales. September 1928 also saw the release of Paul Terry's Dinner Time, among the first animated cartoons produced with synchronized sound. Soon after he saw it, Walt Disney released his first sound picture, the Mickey Mouse short Steamboat Willie. ", "precise_score": 1.7212049961090088, "rough_score": 0.7337830066680908, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Steamboat Willie is a 1928 American animated short film directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. It was produced in black-and-white by Walt Disney Studios and was released by Celebrity Productions. The cartoon is considered the debut of Mickey Mouse and his girlfriend Minnie, although both the characters appeared several months earlier in a test screening of Plane Crazy. Steamboat Willie was the third of Mickey's films to be produced, but was the first to be distributed because Walt Disney, having seen The Jazz Singer, had committed himself to producing the first fully synchronized sound cartoon. ", "precise_score": 6.200132369995117, "rough_score": 6.462795257568359, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steamboat Willie" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "According to Roy O. Disney, Walt Disney was inspired to create a sound cartoon after watching The Jazz Singer (1927). Disney had intended for Mickey Mouse to be the new star character to replace Oswald the Lucky Rabbit after he lost the rights to the character to Charles Mintz. However, the first two Mickey Mouse films produced, silent versions of Plane Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho, had failed to impress audiences and gain a distributor. Disney believed that adding sound to a cartoon would greatly increase its appeal.", "precise_score": -2.4305622577667236, "rough_score": -4.260780334472656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steamboat Willie" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "The film has been the center of some attention regarding the 1998 Copyright Term Extension Act passed in the United States. Steamboat Willie has been close to entering the public domain in the U.S. several times. Each time, copyright protection has been extended. It could have entered public domain in four different years: first in 1956, renewed to 1984, then to 2003 by the Copyright Act of 1976, and finally to the current public domain date of 2023 by the Copyright Term Extension Act (also known pejoratively as the \"Mickey Mouse Protection Act\") of 1998. The U.S. copyright on Steamboat Willie will be in effect through 2023 unless there is another extension of the law.", "precise_score": -3.887716293334961, "rough_score": -6.604470252990723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steamboat Willie" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In the 2000 Mickey Mouse cartoon April Fools' Day, Mickey and Mortimer get sent to the President's office to claim a million dollars. But Mortimer pretends to be Mickey and he is shown acting in Steamboat Willie.", "precise_score": -1.9756300449371338, "rough_score": -4.130890369415283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steamboat Willie" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the world's most recognizable characters.", "precise_score": -4.831671237945557, "rough_score": -6.270783424377441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Beginning in 1930, Mickey has also been featured extensively as a comic strip character. His self-titled newspaper strip, drawn primarily by Floyd Gottfredson, ran for 45 years. Mickey has also appeared in comic books and in television series such as The Mickey Mouse Club (1955–1996) and others. He also appears in other media such as video games as well as merchandising, and is a meetable character at the Disney parks.", "precise_score": -7.185250759124756, "rough_score": -5.6411285400390625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey Mouse was created as a replacement for Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, an earlier cartoon character created by the Disney studio for Charles Mintz, a film producer who distributed product through Universal Studios. In the spring of 1928, with the series going strong, Disney asked Mintz for an increase in the budget. But Mintz instead demanded that Walt take a 20 percent budget cut, and as leverage, he reminded Disney that Universal owned the character, and revealed that he had already signed most of Disney's current employees to his new contract. Angrily, Disney refused the deal and returned to produce the final Oswald cartoons he contractually owed Mintz. Disney was dismayed at the betrayal by his staff, but determined to restart from scratch. The new Disney Studio initially consisted of animator Ub Iwerks and a loyal apprentice artist, Les Clark, who together with Wilfred Jackson were among the few who remained loyal to Walt. One lesson Disney learned from the experience was to thereafter always make sure that he owned all rights to the characters produced by his company.", "precise_score": -4.900568008422852, "rough_score": -6.915775775909424, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "The cartoon was not the first cartoon to feature a soundtrack connected to the action. Fleischer Studios, headed by brothers Dave and Max Fleischer, had already released a number of sound cartoons using the DeForest system in the mid-1920s. However, these cartoons did not keep the sound synchronized throughout the film. For Willie, Disney had the sound recorded with a click track that kept the musicians on the beat. This precise timing is apparent during the \"Turkey in the Straw\" sequence, when Mickey's actions exactly match the accompanying instruments. Animation historians have long debated who had served as the composer for the film's original music. This role has been variously attributed to Wilfred Jackson, Carl Stalling and Bert Lewis, but identification remains uncertain. Walt Disney himself was voice actor for both Mickey and Minnie, and would remain the source of Mickey's voice through 1946 for theatrical cartoons. Jimmy MacDonald took over the role in 1946, but Walt provided Mickey's voice again from 1955 to 1959 for The Mickey Mouse Club television series on ABC.", "precise_score": 1.8558886051177979, "rough_score": 2.033632755279541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "When the Cat's Away (April 18, 1929), essentially a remake of the Alice Comedy, \"Alice Rattled by Rats\", was an unusual appearance for Mickey. Although Mickey and Minnie still maintained their anthropomorphic characteristics, they were depicted as the size of regular mice and living with a community many other mice as pests in a home. Mickey and Minnie would later appear the size of regular humans in their own setting. In appearances with real humans, Mickey has been shown to be about two to three feet high. The next Mickey short was also unusual. The Barnyard Battle (April 25, 1929) was the only film to depict Mickey as a soldier and also the first to place him in combat. The Karnival Kid (1929) was the first time Mickey spoke. Before this he had only whistled, laughed, and grunted. His first words were \"Hot dogs! Hot dogs!\" said while trying to sell hot dogs at a carnival. Mickey's Follies (1929) introduced the song \"Minnie's Yoo-Hoo\" which would become the theme song for Mickey Mouse films for the next several years. The \"Minnie's Yoo-Hoo\" song sequence was also later reused with different background animation as its own special short shown only at the commencement of 1930s theater-based Mickey Mouse Clubs. Mickey's dog Pluto first appeared as Mickey's pet in The Moose Hunt (1931) after previously appearing as Minnie's dog \"Rover\" in The Picnic (1930).", "precise_score": -5.186467170715332, "rough_score": -5.390853404998779, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Since June 28, 2013, Disney Channel has been airing new 3-minute Mickey Mouse shorts. In these new shorts, Mickey has a more modern appearance, but his appearance is also very close to his original 1928 look. ", "precise_score": -8.181448936462402, "rough_score": -6.257252216339111, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "A large part of Mickey's screen persona is his famously shy, falsetto voice. From 1928 onward, Mickey was voiced by Walt Disney himself, a task in which Disney took great personal pride. However, by 1946, Disney was becoming too busy with running the studio to do regular voice work which meant he could not do Mickey's voice anymore. It is also speculated that his cigarette habit had damaged his voice over the years. During the recording of the Mickey and the Beanstalk section of Fun and Fancy Free, Mickey's voice was handed over to veteran Disney musician and actor Jimmy MacDonald. (Both Disney's and MacDonald's voices can be heard on the final soundtrack.) MacDonald voiced Mickey in the remainder of the theatrical shorts, and for various television and publicity projects up until his retirement in the mid-1970s, although Walt voiced Mickey again for the introductions to the original 1955—1959 run of The Mickey Mouse Club TV series and the \"Fourth Anniversary Show\" episode of the Disneyland TV series aired on September 11, 1958. Composer Carl W. Stalling was the very first person to provide lines for Mickey in the 1929 short The Karnival Kid. Clarence Nash voiced Mickey in the 1934 Disney short, The Dognapper; around the time when it was filmed, Walt was traveling in Europe and was unavailable to record his lines for Mickey for the short. Stan Freberg voiced Mickey in the Freberg-produced record Mickey Mouse's Birthday Party. Alan Young voiced Mickey in the Disneyland record album An Adaptation of Dickens' Christmas Carol, Performed by The Walt Disney Players in 1974, which it would be the first and only time that Alan Young voices him. ", "precise_score": -7.047491073608398, "rough_score": -6.221872806549072, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Walt Disney's last script for the strip appeared May 17, 1930. Gottfredson's first task was to finish the storyline Disney had started on April 1, 1930. The storyline was completed on September 20, 1930, and later reprinted in comic book form as Mickey Mouse in Death Valley. This early adventure expanded the cast of the strip which to this point only included Mickey and Minnie. Among the characters who had their first comic strip appearances in this story were Clarabelle Cow, Horace Horsecollar and Black Pete as well as the debuts of corrupted lawyer Sylvester Shyster and Minnie's uncle Mortimer Mouse. The Death Valley narrative was followed by Mr. Slicker and the Egg Robbers, first printed between September 22 and December 26, 1930, which introduced Marcus Mouse and his wife as Minnie's parents.", "precise_score": -6.119659423828125, "rough_score": -5.038242816925049, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey's PhilharMagic (Magic Kingdom, Tokyo Disneyland, Hong Kong Disneyland) is a 4D film which features Mickey in the familiar role of symphony conductor. At Main Street Cinema several of Mickey's short films are shown on a rotating basis; the sixth film is always Steamboat Willie. Mickey plays a central role in Fantasmic! (Disneyland Resort, Disney's Hollywood Studios) a live nighttime show which famously features Mickey in his role as the Sorcerer's Apprentice. Mickey was also a central character in the now defunct Mickey Mouse Revue (Magic Kingdom, Tokyo Disneyland) which was an indoor show featuring animatronic characters. Mickey's face currently graces the Mickey's Fun Wheel at Disney California Adventure Park, where a figure of him also stands on top of Silly Symphony Swings.", "precise_score": -3.118849754333496, "rough_score": -6.351653099060059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey Mouse pilots a river steamboat, suggesting that he himself is the captain. He cheerfully whistles \"Steamboat Bill\" and sounds the boat's three whistles. Soon the real captain appears and angrily orders Mickey off the bridge. Mickey blows a raspberry at Pete, and then Pete attempts to kick him but Mickey rushes away in time and Pete kicks himself in the rear accidentally. Mickey rushes down the stairs, slips on a bar of soap on the boat's deck and lands in a bucket of water. A parrot makes fun of him, and Mickey throws the bucket at it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.587435722351074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steamboat Willie" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "This cartoon was featured in Disney's Magical Mirror Starring Mickey Mouse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.198657989501953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steamboat Willie" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "*2002 – \"Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White\" (DVD)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.744282722473145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steamboat Willie" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck, and Goofy, and his nemesis Pete, among others (see Mickey Mouse universe). Though originally characterized as a mischievous antihero, Mickey was rebranded over time as an everyman, usually seen as a flawed, but adventurous hero. In 2009, Disney began to rebrand the character again by putting less emphasis on his pleasant, cheerful side and reintroducing the more mischievous and adventurous sides of his personality, beginning with the video game Epic Mickey. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.47103214263916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. \"Mortimer Mouse\" had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim however has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.521756172180176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Besides Mickey's gloves and shoes, he typically wears only a pair of shorts with two large buttons in the front. Before Mickey was seen regularly in color animation, Mickey's shorts were either red, or a dull blue-green. With the advent of Mickey's color films, the shorts were always red. When Mickey is not wearing his red shorts, he is often still wearing red clothing such as a red bandmaster coat (The Band Concert, The Mickey Mouse Club), red overalls (Clock Cleaners, Boat Builders), a red cloak (Fantasia, Fun and Fancy Free), a red coat (Squatter's Rights, Mickey's Christmas Carol), or a red shirt (Mickey Down Under, The Simple Things).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.678075790405273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "The Cactus Kid (April 11, 1930) was the last film to be animated by Ub Iwerks at Disney. Shortly before the release of the film, Iwerks left to start his own studio, bankrolled by Disney's then-distributor Pat Powers. Powers and Disney had a falling out over money due Disney from the distribution deal. It was in response to losing the right to distribute Disney's cartoons that Powers made the deal with Iwerks, who had long harbored a desire to head his own studio. The departure is considered a turning point in Mickey's career, as well as that of Walt Disney. Walt lost the man who served as his closest colleague and confidant since 1919. Mickey lost the man responsible for his original design and for the direction and/or animation of several of the shorts released till this point. Advertising for the early Mickey Mouse cartoons credited them as \"A Walt Disney Comic, drawn by Ub Iwerks\". Later Disney Company reissues of the early cartoons tend to credit Walt Disney alone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.378886222839355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Disney and his remaining staff continued the production of the Mickey series, and he was able to eventually find a number of animators to replace Iwerks. As the Great Depression progressed and Felix the Cat faded from the movie screen, Mickey's popularity would rise, and by 1932 The Mickey Mouse Club would have one million members. At the 5th Academy Awards in 1932, Mickey received his first Academy Award nomination, received for Mickey's Orphans (1931). Walt Disney also received an honorary Academy Award for the creation of Mickey Mouse. Despite being eclipsed by the Silly Symphonies short the Three Little Pigs in 1933, Mickey still maintained great popularity among theater audiences too, until 1935, when polls showed that Popeye was more popular than Mickey. By 1934, Mickey merchandise had earned $600,000.00 a year. In 1935, Disney began to phase out the Mickey Mouse Clubs, due to administration problems. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.952624320983887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "The last regular installment of the Mickey Mouse film series came in 1953 with The Simple Things in which Mickey and Pluto go fishing and are pestered by a flock of seagulls.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.080838203430176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In the 1950s, Mickey became more known for his appearances on television, particularly with The Mickey Mouse Club. Many of his theatrical cartoon shorts were rereleased on television series such as Ink & Paint Club, various forms of the Walt Disney anthology television series, and on home video. Mickey returned to theatrical animation in 1983 with Mickey's Christmas Carol, an adaptation of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol in which Mickey played Bob Cratchit. This was followed up in 1990 with The Prince and the Pauper.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0784735679626465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Throughout the decades, Mickey Mouse competed with Warner Bros.' Bugs Bunny for animated popularity. But in 1988, in a historic moment in motion picture history, the two rivals finally shared screen time in the Robert Zemeckis Disney/Amblin film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Disney and Warner signed an agreement stating that each character had exactly the same amount of screen time in the scene, right down to the frame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.378264427185059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Many television series have centered on Mickey, such as the ABC shows Mickey Mouse Works (1999—2000), Disney's House of Mouse (2001—2003) and Disney Channel's Mickey Mouse Clubhouse (2006–present). Prior to all these, Mickey was also featured as an unseen character in the Bonkers episode \"You Oughta Be In Toons\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.731368064880371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "The 1983 short film Mickey's Christmas Carol marked the theatrical debut of the late Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse, who was the voice of Mickey until his death in 2009. Allwine once recounted something MacDonald had told him about voicing Mickey: \"The main piece of advice that Jim gave me about Mickey helped me keep things in perspective. He said, 'Just remember kid, you’re only filling in for the boss.' And that’s the way he treated doing Mickey for years and years. From Walt, and now from Jimmy.\" Allwine would eventually marry Russi Taylor, the voice of Minnie Mouse since 1986. Les Perkins did the voice of Mickey in two TV specials \"Down and Out with Donald Duck\" and \"DTV Valentine\" in the mid-1980s. Peter Renaday voiced Mickey in the 1980s Disney albums Yankee Doodle Mickey and Mickey Mouse Splashdance.[http://bjbear71.com/Disney/DR6b.html A Disney Discography][http://www.startedbyamouse.com/features/CharacterRecords.shtml Character Records by Steve Burns - StartedByAMouse.com Features Section] He also provided his voice for The Talking Mickey Mouse toy in 1986. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.384679794311523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Bret Iwan, a former Hallmark greeting card artist, is the current voice of Mickey. His early recordings in 2009 included work for the Disney Cruise Line, Mickey toys, Theme Parks, and also the Disney on Ice: Celebrations! ice show. His first video game voice-over of Mickey Mouse can be found on Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep, a video game for PlayStation Portable. He has also voiced the character in the next games for the Kingdom Hearts series. Iwan also does the vocal effects of Mickey in the games Epic Mickey and Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two as well as the remake of Castle of Illusion. Despite Iwan being Mickey's primary voice actor, the character's voice is provided by Chris Diamantopoulos in the 2013 animated series, as the producers were looking for a retro voice to match the vintage look of the series. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.003864288330078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In early 1930, after Iwerks' departure, Disney was at first content to continue scripting the Mickey Mouse comic strip, assigning the art to Win Smith. However, Disney's focus had always been in animation and Smith was soon assigned with the scripting as well. Smith was apparently discontent at the prospect of having to script, draw, and ink a series by himself as evidenced by his sudden resignation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.747241020202637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Floyd Gottfredson left his mark with stories such as Mickey Mouse Joins the Foreign Legion (1936) and The Gleam (1942). He also created the Phantom Blot, Eega Beeva, Morty and Ferdie, Captain Churchmouse, and Butch. Besides Gottfredson artists for the strip over the years included Roman Arambula, Rick Hoover, Manuel Gonzales, Carson Van Osten, Jim Engel, Bill Wright, Ted Thwailes and Daan Jippes; writers included Ted Osborne, Merrill De Maris, Bill Walsh, Dick Shaw, Roy Williams, Del Connell, and Floyd Norman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.352225303649902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In Europe, Mickey Mouse became the main attraction of a number of comics magazines, the most famous being Topolino in Italy from 1932 on, Le Journal de Mickey in France from 1934 on, Don Miki in Spain and the Greek Miky Maous.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.030341148376465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey was the main character for the series MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine, published in Italy from 1999 to 2001.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.431435585021973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In 1958, Mickey Mouse was introduced to the Arab world through another comic book called “Sameer”. Mickey Mouse became so popular in Egypt that he got a comic book with his name. Mickey’s comics in Egypt are licensed by Disney and were published since 1959 by “Dar Al-Hilal” and they were a big hit, but unfortunately Dar Al-Hilal stopped the publication in 2003 because of problems with Disney, luckily the comics were re-released by \"Nahdat Masr\" in 2004 and the first issues were sold out in less than 8 hours. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.281811714172363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Since his early years Mickey Mouse has been licensed by Disney to appear on many different kinds of merchandise. Mickey was produced as plush toys and figurines, and Mickey's image has graced almost everything from T-shirts to lunch boxes. Largely responsible for Disney merchandising in the 1930s was Kay Kamen (d. 1949) who was called a \"stickler for quality.\" Kamen was recognized by The Walt Disney Company as having a significant part in Mickey's rise to stardom and was named a Disney Legend in 1998. At the time of his 80th anniversary celebration in 2008, Time declared Mickey Mouse one of the world's most recognized characters, even when compared against Santa Claus. Disney officials have stated that 98% of children aged 3–11 around the world are at least aware of the character.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.288019180297852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey was most famously featured on wrist watches and alarm clocks, typically utilizing his hands as the actual hands on the face of the clock. The first Mickey Mouse watches were manufactured in 1933 by the Ingersoll Watch Company. The seconds were indicated by a turning disk below Mickey. The first Mickey watch was sold at the Century of Progress in Chicago, 1933 for $3.75. Mickey Mouse watches have been sold by other companies and designers throughout the years, including Timex, Elgin, Helbros, Bradley, Lorus, and Gérald Genta The fictional character Robert Langdon from Dan Brown's novels was said to wear a Mickey Mouse watch as a reminder \"to stay young at heart.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7161383628845215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In 1989, Milton Bradley released the electronic-talking game titled Mickey Says, with three modes featuring Mickey Mouse as its host. Mickey also appeared in other toys and games, including the Worlds of Wonder-released The Talking Mickey Mouse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.680617332458496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In total, approximately 40% of Disney's revenues for consumer products are derived from Mickey Mouse merchandise, with revenues peaking in 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.119011878967285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Like many popular characters, Mickey has starred in many video games, including Mickey Mousecapade on the Nintendo Entertainment System, Mickey Mania: The Timeless Adventures of Mickey Mouse, Mickey's Ultimate Challenge, and Disney's Magical Quest on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse on the Mega Drive/Genesis, Mickey Mouse: Magic Wands! on the Game Boy, and many others. In the 2000s, the Disney's Magical Quest series were ported to the Game Boy Advance, while Mickey made his sixth generation era debut in Disney's Magical Mirror Starring Mickey Mouse, a Nintendo GameCube title aimed at younger audiences. Mickey plays a major role in the Kingdom Hearts series, as the king of Disney Castle and aide to the protagonist, Sora. King Mickey wields the Keyblade, a weapon in the form of a key that has the power to open any lock and combat darkness. Epic Mickey, featuring a darker version of the Disney universe, was released in 2010 for the Wii. The game is part of an effort by The Walt Disney Company to re-brand the Mickey Mouse character by moving away from his current squeaky clean image and reintroducing the mischievous side of his personality.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.70426082611084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey Mouse has received ten nominations for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. These are Mickey's Orphans (1931), Building a Building (1933), Brave Little Tailor (1938), The Pointer (1939), Lend a Paw (1941), Squatter's Rights (1946), Mickey and the Seal (1948), Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983), Runaway Brain (1995), and Get a Horse! (2013). Among these, Lend a Paw was the only film to actually win the award. Additionally, in 1932 Walt Disney received an honorary Academy Award in recognition of Mickey's creation and popularity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.54899787902832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Melbourne (Australia) runs the annual Moomba festival street procession and appointed Mickey Mouse as their King of Moomba (1977). Although immensely popular with children, there was controversy with the appointment: some Melburnians wanted a 'home-grown' choice, e.g. Blinky Bill; when it was revealed that Patricia O'Carroll (from Disneyland's Disney on Parade show) was performing the mouse, Australian newspapers reported \"Mickey Mouse is really a girl!\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.314629554748535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In the United States, protest votes are often made in order to indicate dissatisfaction with the slate of candidates presented on a particular ballot, or to highlight the inadequacies of a particular voting procedure. Since most states' electoral systems do not provide for blank balloting or a choice of \"None of the Above\", most protest votes take the form of a clearly non-serious candidate's name entered as a write-in vote. Mickey Mouse is often selected for this purpose. As an election supervisor in Georgia observed, \"If [Mickey Mouse] doesn’t get votes in our election, it’s a bad election.\" The earliest known mention of Mickey Mouse as a write-in candidate dates back to the 1932 New York City mayoral elections. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.820914268493652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey Mouse's name has also been known to appear fraudulently on voter registration lists, most recently in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869976043701172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "\"Mickey Mouse\" is a slang expression meaning small-time, amateurish or trivial. In the UK and Ireland, it also means poor quality or counterfeit. However, in parts of Australia it can mean excellent or very good (rhyming slang for \"grouse\"). Examples of the former two of the three usages include the following.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13227653503418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* During World War II, the Motor Minesweepers used by the British Royal Naval Patrol Service were unofficially known as \"Mickey Mouses.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.419905662536621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In The Godfather Part II, Fredo's justification of betraying Michael is that his orders in the family usually were \"Send Fredo off to do this, send Fredo off to do that! Let Fredo take care of some Mickey Mouse night club somewhere!\" as opposed to more meaningful tasks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.121260643005371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In an early episode of the 1978–82 sitcom Mork & Mindy, Mork stated that Pluto was \"a Mickey Mouse planet,\" referring to the future dwarf planet having the same name as Mickey's pet dog Pluto. Actually, the planet was named shortly before the dog was.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.64174747467041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In 1984, just after an ice hockey game in which Wayne Gretzky's Edmonton Oilers beat the New Jersey Devils 13–4, Gretzky was quoted as saying to a reporter, \"Well, it's time they got their act together, they're ruining the whole league. They had better stop running a Mickey Mouse organization and put somebody on the ice\". Reacting to Gretzky's comment, Devils fans wore Mickey Mouse apparel when the Oilers returned to New Jersey. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.646467208862305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In the 1993 Warner Bros. film Demolition Man, as Sylvester Stallone's character is fighting the malfunctioning AI of his out-of-control police car, he shouts for the system to \"Brake! Brake! Brake now, you Mickey Mouse piece of shit!\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.480774879455566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In the 1996 Warner Bros. film Space Jam, Bugs Bunny derogatorily comments on Daffy Duck's idea for the name of their basketball team, asking: \"What kind of Mickey Mouse organization would name a team 'The Ducks?'\" (This also referenced the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, a NHL team that was then owned by Disney, as well as the Disney-made \"The Mighty Ducks\" movie franchise. This was referencing the Disney/Warner Brothers rivalry.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.725109100341797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In the United States armed forces, actions that look good but have little or no practical use (such as the specific manner of making beds in basic training or the polishing of brass fittings on board ship) are commonly referred to as \"Mickey Mouse work.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.930362701416016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In schools a \"Mickey Mouse course,\" \"Mickey Mouse major,\" or \"Mickey Mouse degree\" is a class, college major, or degree where very little effort is necessary in order to attain a good grade (especially an A) and/or one where the subject matter of such a class is not of any importance in the labor market. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254438400268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In the beginning of the 1980s, then-British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once called the European Parliament a \"Mickey Mouse parliament\", meaning a discussion club without influence. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.845616340637207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* In the British sitcom Red Dwarf, in the episode \"Quarantine\", after the team's substandard equipment nearly cost them their lives, Lister pointed out, \"We're a real Mickey Mouse operation, aren't we?\" The Cat replied, \"Mickey Mouse? We ain't even Betty Boop!\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.890535354614258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* The combined road course at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway used for the F1 U.S. Grand Prix has been described by Jacques Villeneuve and other competitors as \"Mickey Mouse\" due to its slow uninteresting corners, and lack of challenging corners.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.105640411376953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Mickey Mouse's global fame has made him both a symbol of The Walt Disney Company and of the United States itself. For this reason Mickey has been used frequently in anti-American satire, such as the infamous underground cartoon \"Mickey Mouse in Vietnam\". There have been numerous parodies of Mickey Mouse, such as the Mad Magazine parody \"Mickey Rodent\" by Will Elder in which the mouse walks around unshaven and jails Donald Duck out of jealousy over the duck's larger popularity. The grotesque Rat Fink character was created by Ed \"Big Daddy\" Roth over his hatred of Mickey Mouse. In The Simpsons Movie, Bart Simpson puts a black bra on his head to mimic Mickey Mouse and says: \"I'm the mascot of an evil corporation!\" On the Comedy Central series South Park, Mickey is depicted as the sadistic, greedy, foul-mouthed boss of The Walt Disney Company, only interested in money. He also appears briefly with Donald Duck in the comic Squeak the Mouse by the Italian cartoonist Massimo Mattioli.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.880346298217773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In Bored of the Rings, Mickey Mouse is satirized as Dickey Dragon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.628204345703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Like all major Disney characters, Mickey Mouse is not only copyrighted, but also trademarked, which lasts in perpetuity as long as it continues to be used commercially by its owner. So, whether or not a particular Disney cartoon goes into the public domain, the characters themselves may not be used as trademarks without authorization.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.490334510803223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "Because of the Copyright Term Extension Act of the United States (sometimes called the 'Mickey Mouse Protection Act' because of extensive lobbying by the Disney corporation) and similar legislation within the European Union and other jurisdictions where copyright terms have been extended, works such as the early Mickey Mouse cartoons will remain under copyright until at least 2023. However, some copyright scholars argue that Disney's copyright on the earliest version of the character may be invalid due to ambiguity in the copyright notice for Steamboat Willie. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.424341201782227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "The Walt Disney Company has become well known for protecting its trademark on the Mickey Mouse character—whose likeness is closely associated with the company—with particular zeal. In 1989, Disney threatened legal action against three daycare centers in Florida for having Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters painted on their walls. The characters were removed, and rival Universal Studios replaced them with Universal cartoon characters. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.637038230895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In 1971, a group of underground cartoonists calling themselves the Air Pirates, after a group of villains from early Mickey Mouse films, produced a comic called Air Pirates Funnies. In the first issue, cartoonist Dan O'Neill depicted Mickey and Minnie Mouse engaging in explicit sexual behavior and consuming drugs. As O'Neill explained, \"The air pirates were…some sort of bizarre concept to steal the air, pirate the air, steal the media….Since we were cartoonists, the logical thing was Disney.\" Rather than change the appearance or name of the character, which O'Neill felt would dilute the parody, the mouse depicted in Air Pirates Funnies looks like and is named \"Mickey Mouse\". Disney sued for copyright infringement, and after a series of appeals, O'Neill eventually lost and was ordered to pay Disney $1.9 million. The outcome of the case remains controversial among free-speech advocates. New York Law School professor Edward Samuels said, \"[The Air Pirates] set parody back twenty years.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.821443557739258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "In 1930, The German Board of Film Censors prohibited showing a Mickey Mouse film, The Barnyard Battle (1929). The cartoon, pitting the mouse as a kepi-wearing World War I soldier against cat enemies in German helmets, was felt to negatively portray the Germans. It was claimed that the film would \"reawaken the latest anti-German feeling existing abroad since the War\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.392159461975098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "\"Mickey Mouse is the most miserable ideal ever revealed...Healthy emotions tell every independent young man and every honorable youth that the dirty and filth-covered vermin, the greatest bacteria carrier in the animal kingdom, cannot be the ideal type of animal...Away with Jewish brutalization of the people! Down with Mickey Mouse! Wear the Swastika Cross!\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125846862792969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "The 1935 Romanian authorities banned Mickey Mouse films from cinemas after they feared that children would be \"scared to see a ten-foot mouse in the movie theatre\". In 1938, based on the Ministry of Popular Culture's recommendation that a reform was necessary \"to raise children in the firm and imperialist spirit of the Fascist revolution,\" the Italian Government banned foreign children's literature except Mickey; Disney characters were exempted from the decree for the \"acknowledged artistic merit\" of Disney's work. Actually Mussolini's children were fond of Mickey Mouse, so they managed to delay his ban as long as possible. In 1942, after Italy declared war on the US, fascism forced the Italian publishers to suddenly stop printing any Disney stories. Mickey's stories were replaced by the adventures of Tuffolino, a new human character created by Federico Pedrocchi (script) and Pier Lorenzo De Vita (art). After the downfall of Italy's fascist government, the ban was removed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.997483253479004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* The Mickey Mouse Club (1955–1959; 1977–1979; 1989–1994)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.924295425415039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* Mickey Mouse Works (1999–2000)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.660552978515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* Mickey Mouse Clubhouse (2006–present)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.639010429382324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "passage": "* Mickey Mouse (2013–present)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.432747840881348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mickey Mouse" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Simple machines are elementary examples of kinematic chains that are used to model mechanical systems ranging from the steam engine to robot manipulators. The bearings that form the fulcrum of a lever and that allow the wheel and axle and pulleys to rotate are examples of a kinematic pair called a hinged joint. Similarly, the flat surface of an inclined plane and wedge are examples of the kinematic pair called a sliding joint. The screw is usually identified as its own kinematic pair called a helical joint.", "precise_score": 2.729008674621582, "rough_score": 3.2226903438568115, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "A lever ( or) is a machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum. A lever is a rigid body capable of rotating on a point on itself. On the basis of the location of fulcrum, load and effort, the lever is divided into three types. It is one of the six simple machines identified by Renaissance scientists. A lever amplifies an input force to provide a greater output force, which is said to provide leverage. The ratio of the output force to the input force is the mechanical advantage of the lever.", "precise_score": 2.9274404048919678, "rough_score": 1.7578834295272827, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "A lever is a beam connected to ground by a hinge, or pivot, called a fulcrum. The ideal lever does not dissipate or store energy, which means there is no friction in the hinge or bending in the beam. In this case, the power into the lever equals the power out, and the ratio of output to input force is given by the ratio of the distances from the fulcrum to the points of application of these forces. This is known as the law of the lever.", "precise_score": -4.7566304206848145, "rough_score": -3.923144817352295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "The mechanical advantage of a lever can be determined by considering the balance of moments or torque, T, about the fulcrum.", "precise_score": -5.039469242095947, "rough_score": -3.3794312477111816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "This relationship shows that the mechanical advantage can be computed from ratio of the distances from the fulcrum to where the input and output forces are applied to the lever, assuming no losses due to friction, flexibility or wear.", "precise_score": -5.671214580535889, "rough_score": -3.3557775020599365, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Levers are classified by the relative positions of the fulcrum, effort and resistance (or load). It is common to call the input force the effort and the output force the load or the resistance. This allows the identification of three classes of levers by the relative locations of the fulcrum, the resistance and the effort: ", "precise_score": -4.984865665435791, "rough_score": -2.8988890647888184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "These cases are described by the mnemonic fre 123 where the fulcrum is in the middle for the 1st class lever, the resistance is in the middle for the 2nd class lever, and the effort is in the middle for the 3rd class lever.", "precise_score": -4.1246747970581055, "rough_score": -3.319324493408203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force. Usually the term refers to the six classical simple machines which were defined by Renaissance scientists: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.925662517547607, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "*Lever", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391349792480469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Simple machines can be regarded as the elementary \"building blocks\" of which all more complicated machines (sometimes called \"compound machines\" ) are composed. For example, wheels, levers, and pulleys are all used in the mechanism of a bicycle. The mechanical advantage of a compound machine is just the product of the mechanical advantages of the simple machines of which it is composed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.19430685043335, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "The idea of a simple machine originated with the Greek philosopher Archimedes around the 3rd century BC, who studied the Archimedean simple machines: lever, pulley, and screw. He discovered the principle of mechanical advantage in the lever. Archimedes' famous remark with regard to the lever: \"Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth.\" () expresses his realization that there was no limit to the amount of force amplification that could be achieved by using mechanical advantage. Later Greek philosophers defined the classic five simple machines (excluding the inclined plane) and were able to roughly calculate their mechanical advantage. For example, Heron of Alexandria (ca. 10–75 AD) in his work Mechanics lists five mechanisms that can \"set a load in motion\"; lever, windlass, pulley, wedge, and screw, and describes their fabrication and uses. However the Greeks' understanding was limited to the statics of simple machines; the balance of forces, and did not include dynamics; the tradeoff between force and distance, or the concept of work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.73712158203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "This can be calculated from the geometry of the machine. For example, the velocity ratio of the lever is equal to the ratio of its lever arms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.917462348937988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "A compound machine is a machine formed from a set of simple machines connected in series with the output force of one providing the input force to the next. For example, a bench vise consists of a lever (the vise's handle) in series with a screw, and a simple gear train consists of a number of gears (wheels and axles) connected in series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.029738426208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "In many simple machines, if the load force Fout on the machine is high enough in relation to the input force Fin, the machine will move backwards, with the load force doing work on the input force. So these machines can be used in either direction, with the driving force applied to either input point. For example, if the load force on a lever is high enough, the lever will move backwards, moving the input arm backwards against the input force. These are called \"reversible\", \"non-locking\" or \"overhauling\" machines, and the backward motion is called \"overhauling\". However, in some machines, if the frictional forces are high enough, no amount of load force can move it backwards, even if the input force is zero. This is called a \"self-locking\", \"nonreversible\", or \"non-overhauling\" machine. These machines can only be set in motion by a force at the input, and when the input force is removed will remain motionless, \"locked\" by friction at whatever position they were left.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.042046546936035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Two levers, or cranks, are combined into a planar four-bar linkage by attaching a link that connects the output of one crank to the input of another. Additional links can be attached to form a six-bar linkage or in series to form a robot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273609161376953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "However, a more successful strategy was identified by Franz Reuleaux, who collected and studied over 800 elementary machines. He realized that a lever, pulley, and wheel and axle are in essence the same device: a body rotating about a hinge. Similarly, an inclined plane, wedge, and screw are a block sliding on a flat surface. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.781715393066406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Simple machine" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "The word \"lever\" entered English about 1300 from Old French, in which the word was levier. This sprang from the stem of the verb lever, meaning \"to raise\". The verb, in turn, goes back to the Latin levare, itself from the adjective levis, meaning \"light\" (as in \"not heavy\"). The word's ultimate origin is the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) stem legwh-, meaning \"light\", \"easy\" or \"nimble\", among other things. The PIE stem also gave rise to the English word \"light\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.429868698120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "The earliest remaining writings regarding levers date from the 3rd century BC and were provided by Archimedes. 'Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the Earth with it' is a remark of Archimedes who formally stated the correct mathematical principle of levers (quoted by Pappus of Alexandria). The distance required to do this might be exemplified in astronomical terms as the approximate distance to the Circinus galaxy (roughly 3.6 times the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy) - about 9 million light years. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.965779304504395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "It is assumed that in ancient Egypt, constructors used the lever to move and uplift obelisks weighing more than 100 tons. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268322944641113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Force and levers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.364533424377441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "where F1 is the input force to the lever and F2 is the output force. The distances a and b are the perpendicular distances between the forces and the fulcrum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9239501953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "The mechanical advantage of the lever is the ratio of output force to input force,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317083358764648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Classes of levers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499587059020996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Law of the lever", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.358885765075684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "The lever is a movable bar that pivots on a fulcrum attached to a fixed point. The lever operates by applying forces at different distances from the fulcrum, or a pivot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.29859733581543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Assuming the lever does not dissipate or store energy, the power into the lever must equal the power out of the lever. As the lever rotates around the fulcrum, points farther from this pivot move faster than points closer to the pivot. Therefore, a force applied to a point farther from the pivot must be less than the force located at a point closer in, because power is the product of force and velocity. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.594379901885986, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "This is the law of the lever, which was proven by Archimedes using geometric reasoning. It shows that if the distance a from the fulcrum to where the input force is applied (point A) is greater than the distance b from fulcrum to where the output force is applied (point B), then the lever amplifies the input force. On the other hand, if the distance a from the fulcrum to the input force is less than the distance b from the fulcrum to the output force, then the lever reduces the input force.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9233193397521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "The use of velocity in the static analysis of a lever is an application of the principle of virtual work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.186727523803711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "Virtual work and the law of the lever ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394447326660156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "A lever is modeled as a rigid bar connected to a ground frame by a hinged joint called a fulcrum. The lever is operated by applying an input force FA at a point A located by the coordinate vector rA on the bar. The lever then exerts an output force FB at the point B located by rB. The rotation of the lever about the fulcrum P is defined by the rotation angle θ in radians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.180593490600586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "The angle θ is the generalized coordinate that defines the configuration of the lever, and the generalized force associated with this coordinate is given by", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385281562805176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "which is the mechanical advantage of the lever.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20035457611084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" }, { "answer": "Lever", "passage": "This equation shows that if the distance a from the fulcrum to the point A where the input force is applied is greater than the distance b from fulcrum to the point B where the output force is applied, then the lever amplifies the input force. If the opposite is true that the distance from the fulcrum to the input point A is less than from the fulcrum to the output point B, then the lever reduces the magnitude of the input force.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.775896072387695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lever" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "King", "King (title)", "Cyning", "Monarchs", "Ha-Melech", "Hamelech", "המלך", "Ha-Melekh", "Hamelekh", "Cyng", "Ha Melekh", "KING", "King regnant", "Monarch", "Ha Melech" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "king title", "ha melech", "hamelekh", "cyning", "cyng", "ha melekh", "king regnant", "king", "המלך", "monarchs", "hamelech", "monarch" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "king", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "King" }

[ { "answer": "King", "passage": "\"In the Kingdom of the Blind\" is an episode from the fifth season of the science fiction television series Babylon 5. The title alludes to a Latin proverb quoted by Erasmus: \"In the kingdom of the blind, the one-eyed man is king\". ", "precise_score": 8.229602813720703, "rough_score": 7.772392272949219, "source": "wiki", "title": "In the Kingdom of the Blind" }, { "answer": "King", "passage": "An unknown enemy has been attacking shipping lanes of several of the Interstellar Alliance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45790958404541, "source": "wiki", "title": "In the Kingdom of the Blind" }, { "answer": "King", "passage": "* 2006: Motherfucking Skulls (with Counterstrike) on PRSPCT Recordings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303800582885742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Eye-D" }, { "answer": "King", "passage": "* 2010: Kings of the Universe EP (with SPL) on Lost Soul Recordings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2520170211792, "source": "wiki", "title": "Eye-D" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Environment of Italy", "Italiën", "Subdivisions of Italy", "Republic of Italy", "ItalY", "ISO 3166-1:IT", "Etymology of Italy", "Itali", "Pollution in Italy", "Administrative divisions of Italy", "Austrian Empire (Italy)", "Italija", "Italie", "Italia", "Italian Republic", "Second Italian Republic", "Italy", "Italio", "Repubblica Italiana", "Itàlia", "The Italian republic" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "second italian republic", "itàlia", "italio", "iso 3166 1 it", "italija", "etymology of italy", "repubblica italiana", "itali", "italia", "austrian empire italy", "republic of italy", "italiën", "subdivisions of italy", "italy", "pollution in italy", "administrative divisions of italy", "italie", "italian republic", "environment of italy" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "italy", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Italy" }

[ { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "The idiom \"Crossing the Rubicon\" means to pass a point of no return, and refers to Julius Caesar's army's crossing of the Rubicon River (in the north of Italy ) in 49 BC, which was considered an act of insurrection and treason. Julius Caesar uttered the famous phrase \"alea iacta est\"—the die is cast—as his army marched through the shallow river.", "precise_score": 4.966270446777344, "rough_score": 4.550413131713867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "After Caesar's crossing, the Rubicon was a geographical feature of note until about 42 BC, when Octavian merged the Province of Gallia Cisalpina into Italia and the river ceased to be the extreme northern border of Italy. The decision robbed the Rubicon of its importance, and the name gradually disappeared from the local toponymy.", "precise_score": -1.795554280281067, "rough_score": -0.2333434522151947, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Itali", "passage": "In 1933, after various efforts spanning centuries, the Fiumicino, crossing the town of Savignano di Romagna (now Savignano sul Rubicone), was officially identified as the former Rubicon. The final proof confirming this theory came only in 1991, when three Italian scholars (Pignotti, Ravagli, and Donati), after a comparison between the Tabula Peutingeriana and other ancient sources (including Cicero), showed that the distance from Rome to the Rubicon river was 200 Roman miles. Key elements of their work are:", "precise_score": -1.722704529762268, "rough_score": -0.49288156628608704, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "*\"Crossing the Rubicon\" is a metaphor for deliberately proceeding past a point of no return. The phrase originates with Julius Caesar's seizure of power in the Roman Republic in 49 BC. Roman generals were strictly forbidden from bringing their troops into the home territory of the Republic in Italy. On 10 January, Caesar led his army across the Rubicon River, crossing from the province of Cisalpine Gaul into Italy. After this, if he did not triumph, he would be executed. Therefore, the term \"the Rubicon\" is used as a synonym to the \"point of no return\".", "precise_score": 4.331737518310547, "rough_score": 3.881366729736328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Point of no return" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "After Caesar's crossing, the Rubicon was a geographical feature of note until about 42 B.C., when Octavian merged the Province of Gallia Cisalpina into Italia and the river ceased to be the extreme northern border of Italy. The decision robbed the Rubicon of its importance, and the name gradually disappeared from the local toponymy.", "precise_score": -1.9855353832244873, "rough_score": -0.24176645278930664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "During the Roman republic, the river Rubicon marked the boundary between the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul to the north-east and Italy proper (controlled directly by Rome and its socii (allies) to the south. On the north-western side, the border was marked by the river Arno, a much wider and more important waterway, which flows westward from the Apennine Mountains (its source is not far from Rubicon's source) into the Tyrrhenian Sea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.710723876953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "Governors of Roman provinces were appointed promagistrates with imperium (roughly, \"right to command\") in their province(s). The governor would then serve as the general of the Roman army within the territory of his province(s). Roman law specified that only the elected magistrates (consuls and praetors) could hold imperium within Italy. Any promagistrate who entered Italy at the head of his troops forfeited his imperium and was therefore no longer legally allowed to command troops.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.981884002685547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "Exercising imperium when forbidden by the law was a capital offence. Furthermore, obeying the commands of a general who did not legally possess imperium was a capital offence. If a general entered Italy whilst exercising command of an army, both the general and his soldiers became outlaws and were automatically condemned to death. Generals were thus obliged to disband their armies before entering Italy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21897029876709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "In 49 BC, perhaps on January 10, G. Julius Caesar led a single legion, Legio XIII Gemina, south over the Rubicon from Cisalpine Gaul to Italy to make his way to Rome. In doing so, he (deliberately) broke the law on imperium and made armed conflict inevitable. Suetonius depicts Caesar as undecided as he approached the river, and attributes the crossing to a supernatural apparition. It was reported that Caesar dined with Sallust, Hirtius, Oppius, Lucius Balbus and Sulpicus Rufus on the night after his famous crossing into Italy January 10.[20]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.333788871765137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "With the revival of interest in the topography of ancient Roman Italy during the 15th century, the matter of identifying the Rubicon in the contemporary landscape became a topic of debate among Renaissance humanists. To support the claim of the Pisciatello, a spurious inscription forbidding the passage of an army in the name of the Roman people and Senate, the so-called Sanctio, was placed by a bridge on that river. The Quattrocento humanist Flavio Biondo was deceived by it; the actual inscription is conserved in the Museo Archeologico, Cesena. As the centuries went by, several rivers of the Adriatic coast between Ravenna and Rimini have at times been said to correspond to the ancient Rubicon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.725240707397461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "The starting point of a Roman road (a kind of \"mile zero\"), from which distances were counted, was always the crossing between the Cardo and the Decumanus, the two principal streets in every Roman town, running north-south and east-west respectively. In a section of the Tabula Peutingeriana, an ancient document showing the network of Roman roads, a river in north-eastern Italy labeled \"fl. Rubicū\" is shown at a position 12 Roman miles (18 km) north of Rimini along the coastline; 18 km is the distance between Rimini and a place called \"Ad Confluentes\", drawn west of the Rubicon, on the Via Aemilia. However, the riverbed shape which is observed today in Pisciatello and Rubicone river, well below Roman age soil layers, is likely to indicate that any possible course modification of rivers could have occurred only very close to the coastline, and therefore only slight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9117608666419983, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crossing the Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "**Also mentioned in the Roman myth of Aeneas, who burned his boats after conquering territory in Italy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.122113227844238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Point of no return" }, { "answer": "Itali", "passage": "The brand has gone through many owners, starting with Willys, which produced the first Civilian Jeep (CJ) in 1945. As the only company that continually produced Jeep vehicles after the war, in June 1950 Willys-Overland was granted the privilege of owning the name \"Jeep\" as a registered trademark. Willys was sold to Kaiser Motors in 1953, which became Kaiser-Jeep in 1963. American Motors Corporation (AMC) purchased Kaiser's money-losing Jeep operations in 1970. The utility vehicles complemented AMC's passenger car business by sharing components, achieving volume efficiencies, as well as capitalizing on Jeep's international and government markets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.419952392578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeep" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "* Italy – 1950s ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441965103149414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeep" }, { "answer": "Itali", "passage": "In April 2012 Jeep signed a shirt sponsorship deal worth €35m ($45m) with Italian football club Juventus. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.044655799865723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeep" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "The Rubicon (Latin: Rŭ́bĭcō, Italian: Rubicone) is both the name of a shallow river in northeastern Italy, just south of Ravenna, and the name historically given to a river that was famously crossed by Julius Caesar in 49 B.C. While it has not been proven, historians generally agree that the two rivers are indeed one and the same; this was not always the case.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.364821195602417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "During the Roman republic, the river Rubicon marked the boundary between the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul to the north-east and Italy proper (controlled directly by Rome and its socii (allies)) to the south. On the north-western side, the border was marked by the river Arno, a much wider and more important waterway, which flows westward from the Apennine Mountains (its source is not far from Rubicon's source) into the Tyrrhenian Sea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1859568357467651, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "Governors of Roman provinces were appointed promagistrates with imperium (roughly, \"right to command\") in their province(s). The governor would then serve as the general of the Roman army within the territory of his province(s). Roman law specified that only the elected magistrates (consuls and praetors) could hold imperium within Italy. Any promagistrate who entered Italy at the head of his troops forfeited his imperium and was therefore no longer legally allowed to command troops.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.981884002685547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "Exercising imperium when forbidden by the law was a capital offense. Furthermore, obeying the commands of a general who did not legally possess imperium was also a capital offense. If a general entered Italy while exercising command of an army, both the general and his soldiers became outlaws and were automatically condemned to death. Generals were thus obliged to disband their armies before entering Italy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.186321258544922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "In 49 B.C., perhaps on January 10, C. Julius Caesar led a single legion, Legio XIII Gemina, south over the Rubicon from Cisalpine Gaul to Italy to make his way to Rome. In doing so, he (deliberately) broke the law on imperium and made armed conflict inevitable. Suetonius depicts Caesar as undecided as he approached the river, and attributes the crossing to a supernatural apparition. It was reported that Caesar dined with Sallust, Hirtius, Oppius, Lucius Balbus and Sulpicus Rufus on the night after his famous crossing into Italy January 10.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.075753688812256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "With the revival of interest in the topography of ancient Roman Italy during the 15th century, the matter of identifying the Rubicon in the contemporary landscape became a topic of debate among Renaissance humanists. To support the claim of the Pisciatello, a spurious inscription forbidding the passage of an army in the name of the Roman people and Senate, the so-called Sanctio, was placed by a bridge on that river. The Quattrocento humanist Flavio Biondo was deceived by it; the actual inscription is conserved in the Museo Archeologico, Cesena. As the centuries went by, several rivers of the Adriatic coast between Ravenna and Rimini have at times been said to correspond to the ancient Rubicon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.725240707397461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Italy", "passage": "The starting point of a Roman road (some kind of \"mile zero\"), from which distances were counted, was always the crossing between the Cardo and the Decumanus, the two principal streets in every Roman town, running north-south and east-west respectively. In a section of the Tabula Peutingeriana, an ancient document showing the network of Roman roads, a river in north-eastern Italy labeled \"fl. Rubicū\" is shown at a position 12 Roman miles (18 km) north of Rimini along the coastline; 18 km is the distance between Rimini and a place called \"Ad Confluentes,\" drawn west of the Rubicon, on the Via Aemilia. However, the river-bed shape observed in Pisciatello and the Rubicone river in the present day, well below Roman age soil layers, is likely to indicate that any possible course modification of rivers could have occurred only very close to the coastline, and therefore only slight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6226304769515991, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" }, { "answer": "Itali", "passage": "In 1933, after various efforts that spanned centuries, the Fiumicino, which crossed the town of Savignano di Romagna (now Savignano sul Rubicone), was officially identified as the former Rubicon. The final proof confirming this theory came only in 1991, when three Italian scholars (Pignotti, Ravagli, and Donati), after a comparison between the Tabula Peutingeriana and other ancient sources, (including Cicero), showed that the distance from Rome to the Rubicon River was 200 Roman miles. Key elements of their work are:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7148828506469727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rubicon" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Murmet", "Crow scare", "Scarecrows", "Scarecrow", "Bodach-rocais", "Banishing crows from a field", "Scare crow", "Hodmedod", "Bwbach", "Tattie bogle", "Mommick", "Strawman (literal)", "Straw man (literal)", "Crowscare" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "crowscare", "crow scare", "murmet", "bodach rocais", "mommick", "banishing crows from field", "bwbach", "scarecrows", "scare crow", "scarecrow", "tattie bogle", "straw man literal", "strawman literal", "hodmedod" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "scarecrow", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Scarecrow" }

[ { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "In addition, Ray Bolger's original recording of \"If I Only Had a Brain\" had been far more sedate compared to the version heard in the film; during this time, Cukor and LeRoy decided that a more energetic rendition would better suit Dorothy's initial meeting with the Scarecrow (initially, it was to contrast with his lively manner in Thorpe's footage), and was rerecorded as such. At first thought to be lost for over seven decades, a recording of this original version was rediscovered in 2009.[http://www.thejudyroom.com/news-oz.html#brain The Wizard of Oz 70th Anniversary News] ", "precise_score": 1.9129595756530762, "rough_score": -5.501818656921387, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "The Wizard of Oz film received much acclaim upon its release. Frank Nugent considered the film a \"delightful piece of wonder-working which had the youngsters' eyes shining and brought a quietly amused gleam to the wiser ones of the oldsters. Not since Disney's Snow White has anything quite so fantastic succeeded half so well.\" Nugent had issues with some of the film's special effects, writing, \"with the best of will and ingenuity, they cannot make a Munchkin or a Flying Monkey that will not still suggest, however vaguely, a Singer's Midget in a Jack Dawn masquerade. Nor can they, without a few betraying jolts and split-screen overlappings, bring down from the sky the great soap bubble in which the Good Witch rides and roll it smoothly into place.\" According to Nugent, \"Judy Garland's Dorothy is a pert and fresh-faced miss with the wonder-lit eyes of a believer in fairy tales, but the Baum fantasy is at its best when the Scarecrow, the Woodman, and the Lion are on the move.\"", "precise_score": -4.050018310546875, "rough_score": -4.128497123718262, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "* \"The Merry Old Land of Oz\" – Frank Morgan as Cabby, Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as Scarecrow, Jack Haley as the Tin Man, Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion, and the Emerald City townspeople ", "precise_score": -7.053962707519531, "rough_score": -8.510031700134277, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "In 1975, the stage show The Wiz premiered on Broadway. It was an African American version of The Wizard of Oz reworked for the stage. It starred Stephanie Mills and other Broadway stars and earned Tony awards. The play's financing was handled by actor Geoffrey Holder. The play inspired revivals after it left the stage and an unsuccessful motion picture made in 1978, starring Diana Ross as Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow.", "precise_score": -4.834479331970215, "rough_score": -4.780843257904053, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "In 2005, The Muppets Studio produced The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, a television film for ABC, starring Ashanti as Dorothy, Jeffrey Tambor as the Wizard, David Alan Grier as Uncle Henry, and Queen Latifah as Aunt Em. Kermit the Frog portrayed the Scarecrow, Gonzo portrayed the Tin Thing (Tin Man), Fozzie Bear portrayed the Lion, and Miss Piggy portrayed all the Witches of the West, East, North, and South.", "precise_score": -1.8103785514831543, "rough_score": -1.8918521404266357, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "On her way, Dorothy meets and befriends the Scarecrow, who wants a brain, the Tin Woodman, who desires a heart, and the Cowardly Lion, who is in need of courage. Dorothy invites each of them to accompany her. After encountering the Witch, who attempts to stop them, they finally reach the Emerald City. Inside, after being initially rejected, they are permitted to see the Wizard (who appears as a large head surrounded by fire). He agrees to grant their wishes when they bring him the Witch of the West's broomstick.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.800383567810059, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "On their journey to the Witch's castle, the group passes through the Haunted Forest, while the Witch views their progress through a crystal ball. She sends her winged monkeys to ambush the four; they capture Dorothy and Toto. At the castle, the Witch receives a magical shock when she tries to get the slippers off Dorothy, then remembers that Dorothy must first be killed. Toto escapes and leads her friends to the castle. After ambushing three Winkie guards, they march inside wearing the stolen uniforms and free her, but the Witch and her guards chase them across the battlements and finally surround them. When the Witch sets fire to the Scarecrow, Dorothy puts out the flames with a bucket of water; the Witch is splashed and melts away. The guards rejoice that she is dead and give Dorothy the charred broomstick in gratitude.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.786469459533691, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "Back at the Emerald City, the Wizard delays granting their requests. Then Toto pulls back a curtain and exposes the \"Wizard\" as a normal middle-aged man who has been projecting the fearsome image; he denies Dorothy's accusation that he is a bad man, but admits to being a humbug. He then gives the Scarecrow a diploma, the Lion a medal, and the Tin Man a ticking heart-shaped watch, granting their wishes and convincing them that they have received what they sought. He then prepares to launch his hot air balloon to take Dorothy home, but Toto chases a cat, Dorothy follows, and the balloon leaves without them. Glinda arrives and tells her that she can still return home by tapping her heels together three times and repeating, \"There's no place like home\". After bidding a tearful goodbye to her friends, Dorothy taps her heels together and awakens from her dream, surrounded by her family, the farmhands, Professor Marvel, and Toto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.219184875488281, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "* Ray Bolger as Hunk / Scarecrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.445259094238281, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "Development of the film started when Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs showed that films adapted from popular children's stories and fairytale folklore could be successful. In January 1938, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought the rights to the hugely popular novel from Samuel Goldwyn, who had toyed with the idea of making the film as a vehicle for Eddie Cantor, who was under contract to the Goldwyn studios and whom Goldwyn wanted to cast as the Scarecrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.905345916748047, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "The script went through a number of writers and revisions before the final shooting. Originally, Mervyn LeRoy's assistant William H. Cannon submitted a brief four-page outline. Because recent fantasy films had not fared well at the box office, he recommended that the magical elements of the story be toned down or eliminated. In his outline, the Scarecrow was a man so stupid that the only way he could get employment was to dress up as a scarecrow and scare away crows in a cornfield, and the Tin Woodman was a hardened criminal so heartless he was sentenced to be placed in a tin suit for eternity. The torture of being encased in the suit had softened him and made him gentle and kind. His vision was similar to Larry Semon's 1925 film adaptation of the story, in which the magical element is absent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.783230781555176, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "Another scene, which was removed before final script approval and never filmed, was a concluding scene back in Kansas after Dorothy's return. Hunk (the Kansan counterpart to the Scarecrow) is leaving for agricultural college and extracts a promise from Dorothy to write to him. The implication of the scene is that romance will eventually develop between the two, which also may have been intended as an explanation for Dorothy's partiality for the Scarecrow over her other two companions. This plot idea was never totally dropped, but is especially noticeable in the final script when Dorothy, just before she is to leave Oz, tells the Scarecrow, \"I think I'll miss you most of all.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.661103248596191, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "Ray Bolger was originally cast as the Tin Man and Buddy Ebsen was to play the Scarecrow. Bolger, however, longed to play the Scarecrow, as his childhood idol Fred Stone had done on stage in 1902; with that very performance, Stone had inspired him to become a vaudevillian in the first place. Now unhappy with his role as the Tin Man (reportedly claiming, \"I'm not a tin performer; I'm fluid\"), Bolger convinced producer Mervyn LeRoy to recast him in the part he so desired. Ebsen did not object; after going over the basics of the Scarecrow's distinctive gait with Bolger (as a professional dancer, Ebsen had been cast because the studio was confident he would be up to the task of replicating the famous \"wobbly-walk\" of Stone's Scarecrow), he recorded all of his songs, went through all the rehearsals as the Tin Man, and began filming with the rest of the cast. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.076186180114746, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "Filming commenced October 13, 1938, on the MGM lot in Culver City, California, under the direction of Richard Thorpe (replacing original director Norman Taurog, who filmed only a few early Technicolor tests and was then reassigned). Thorpe initially shot about two weeks of footage (9 days, total) involving Dorothy's first encounter with the Scarecrow, as well as a number of sequences in the Wicked Witch's castle, such as Dorothy's rescue (which, though unreleased, comprises the only footage of Buddy Ebsen's Tin Man).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22214126586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "Test screenings of the film began on June 5, 1939. Oz initially was running nearly two hours long. LeRoy and Fleming knew that at least a quarter of an hour needed to be deleted to get the film down to a manageable running time, the average film in 1939 running just about 90 minutes. Three sneak previews in Santa Barbara, Pomona, and San Luis Obispo, California, helped guide LeRoy and Fleming in the cutting. Among the many cuts was \"The Jitterbug\" number, the Scarecrow's elaborate dance sequence following \"If I Only Had a Brain\", a reprise of \"Over the Rainbow\" and \"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead\", and a number of smaller dialogue sequences. This left the final, mostly serious portion of the film with no songs, only the dramatic underscoring.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.973709106445312, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "* \"If I Only Had a Brain\" – Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, and Judy Garland as Dorothy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.072911262512207, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "* \"We're Off to See the Wizard\" – Judy Garland as Dorothy, and Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.690866470336914, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "* \"We're Off to See the Wizard\" (Reprise 1) – Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, and Buddy Ebsen as the Tin Man", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.36349105834961, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "* \"If I Only Had the Nerve\" – Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion, Jack Haley as the Tin Man, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, and Judy Garland as Dorothy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10496711730957, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "* \"We're Off to See the Wizard\" (Reprise 2) – Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, Buddy Ebsen as the Tin Man, and Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.906476020812988, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "* \"If I Were King of the Forest\" – Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion, Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, and Jack Haley as the Tin Man", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037139892578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "An arranged version of Modest Mussorgsky's \"Night on Bald Mountain\" is played during the scene where the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion rescue Dorothy from the Wicked Witch of the West's castle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.086257934570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "When Ray Bolger, the last survivor of the major players, died in 1987, Chicago Tribune artist Dick Locher portrayed the Scarecrow running over the rainbow to catch up with the other characters. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167167663574219, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "In 2016, the online college, University of Phoenix, adapted the Scarecrow's song, \"If I Only Had a Brain,\" for its television advertisements. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289108276367188, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "answer": "Scarecrow", "passage": "An urban legend claimed that, in the film, a small figure can be seen hanging by the neck from a rope connected to a prop tree and swinging back and forth in the left background, while Dorothy, the Scarecrow, and the Tin Man are singing \"We're Off to See the Wizard\" and skipping down the yellow brick road into the distance. This was first globally recognized when the film had its first release on home video. One of the explanations is that it was simply a bird which was being used in the background of the scene for decoration, due to the scene being filmed at a California zoo. Another explanation is that a lot of the actors were treated very badly on set and one of the dwarf actors committed suicide in which he hung himself on set due to depression from losing the love of his life. It is said that before the hanging figure appears, if you look closely you can see a small person wearing black walking strangely in the background. In the 1998 remastered version of the film, in the same scene, it clearly shows that there is a medium sized bird in the background, but with a comparison to the scene in the original version, it is not a small figure hanging from a rope connected to one of the prop trees, and it is not in the same position. Most people believed that the object in question is actually a bird borrowed from the Los Angeles Zoo, most likely a crane or an emu, one of several placed on the indoor set to give it a more realistic feel, but to this day what was really there, whether a bird, a dwarf actor hanging, or something else, is uncertain. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.286052703857422, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Poison Ivy (plant)", "Poison ivy", "Poison Ivy", "Poison-ivy", "Toxicodendron radicans", "Rhus tox.", "Poison-Ivy", "Toxicodendron negundo", "Poisen Ivy", "Rhus toxicodendron", "Poison-Ivy (plant)", "Rhus eximia", "R. radicans", "Rhus intermedia", "Poison ivy (plant)", "Rhus verrucosa", "R. toxicodendron", "T. radicans", "Poison-ivy (plant)", "Rhus tox", "Rhus radicans", "Philostemon radicans" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "rhus tox", "rhus verrucosa", "poison ivy", "rhus radicans", "philostemon radicans", "r toxicodendron", "r radicans", "t radicans", "toxicodendron radicans", "rhus toxicodendron", "toxicodendron negundo", "rhus eximia", "poison ivy plant", "poisen ivy", "rhus intermedia" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "poison ivy", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Poison Ivy" }

[ { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as eastern poison ivy or poison ivy, is a poisonous Asian and North American flowering plant that is well known for causing an itching, irritating, and sometimes painful rash in most people who touch it, caused by urushiol, a clear liquid compound in the plant's sap. The species is variable in its appearance and habit, and despite its common name it is not a true ivy (Hedera). Toxicodendron radicans is commonly eaten by many animals, and the seeds are consumed by birds, but poison ivy is most often thought of as an unwelcome weed.", "precise_score": 6.272247791290283, "rough_score": 7.728788375854492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans subsp. hispidum (Engl.) Gillis", "precise_score": -0.30598342418670654, "rough_score": 2.7923202514648438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans var. negundo (Greene) Reveal", "precise_score": -0.4941197633743286, "rough_score": 2.951934337615967, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans subsp. radicans", "precise_score": -0.6611083745956421, "rough_score": 2.565847396850586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans", "precise_score": -0.5865728855133057, "rough_score": 2.8041300773620605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Erskine ", "precise_score": -0.152156263589859, "rough_score": 2.8782718181610107, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans subsp. verrucosum (Scheele) Gillis", "precise_score": -0.022517766803503036, "rough_score": 2.6175127029418945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "Toxicodendron radicans rarely grows at altitudes above 1500 m, although the altitude limit varies in different locations. The plants can grow as a shrub up to about tall, as a groundcover 10 - high, or as a climbing vine on various supports. Older vines on substantial supports send out lateral branches that may be mistaken for tree limbs at first glance.", "precise_score": -0.152330219745636, "rough_score": 2.8646159172058105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Rhus genus (certain species commonly known as African sumac). Formerly grouped with poison ivy and the rest of the Toxicodendron genus, all parts of this tree contain low levels of a highly irritating oil with urushiol. Skin reactions can include blisters and rashes. The oil spreads readily to clothes and back again, and has a very long life. Infections can follow scratching. As urushiol is not a poison but an allergen, it will not affect certain people. The smoke of burning Rhus lancia can cause reactions in the lungs, and can be fatal.", "precise_score": 0.5785302519798279, "rough_score": 3.377898931503296, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of poisonous plants" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Toxicodendron genus: several species, including Toxicodendron radicans (commonly known as poison ivy), Toxicodendron diversilobum (commonly known as poison-oak), and Toxicodendron vernix (commonly known as poison sumac). All parts of these plants contain a highly irritating oil with urushiol. Skin reactions can include blisters and rashes. The oil spreads readily to clothes and back again, and has a very long life. Infections can follow scratching. Despite the common names, urushiol is actually not a poison but an allergen, and because of this it will not affect certain people. The smoke of burning poison ivy can cause reactions in the lungs, and can be fatal.", "precise_score": 5.390284538269043, "rough_score": 7.530651569366455, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of poisonous plants" }, { "answer": "T. radicans", "passage": "There are numerous subspecies and/or varieties of T. radicans, which can be found growing in any of the following forms; all of which have woody stems:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.651569366455078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans subsp. eximum (Greene) Gillis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.292990207672119, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans subsp. negundo (Greene) Gillis ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.2130846977233887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans var. pubens (Engelm. ex S. Watson) Reveal", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4671902656555176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "*Toxicodendron radicans subsp. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Á. Löve & D. Löve", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5501729249954224, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "The deciduous leaves of T. radicans are trifoliate with three almond-shaped leaflets.USDA Fire Effects Information System: [http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/toxspp/introductory.html SPECIES: Toxicodendron radicans, T. rydbergii] Leaf color ranges from light green (usually the younger leaves) to dark green (mature leaves), turning bright red in fall; though other sources say leaves are reddish when expanding, turn green through maturity, then back to red, orange, or yellow in the fall. The leaflets of mature leaves are somewhat shiny. The leaflets are 3 - long, rarely up to 30 cm. Each leaflet has a few or no teeth along its edge, and the leaf surface is smooth. Leaflet clusters are alternate on the vine, and the plant has no thorns. Vines growing on the trunk of a tree become firmly attached through numerous aerial rootlets. The vines develop adventitious roots, or the plant can spread from rhizomes or root crowns. The milky sap of poison ivy darkens after exposure to the air.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.46895235776901245, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "The urushiol compound in poison ivy is not meant as a defensive measure; rather, it helps the plant to retain water. It is frequently eaten by animals such as deer and bears.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.415695667266846, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "Toxicodendron radicans spreads either vegetatively or sexually. It is dioecious; flowering occurs from May to July. The yellowish- or greenish-white flowers are typically inconspicuous and are located in clusters up to 8 cm above the leaves. The berry-like fruit, a drupe, mature by August to November with a grayish-white colour. Fruits are a favorite winter food of some birds and other animals. Seeds are spread mainly by animals and remain viable after passing through the digestive tract.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.11372110992670059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Toxicodendron radicans", "passage": "Toxicodendron radicans grows throughout much of North America, including the Canadian Maritime provinces, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and all U.S. states east of the Rocky Mountains, as well as in the mountainous areas of Mexico up to around 1500 m. Caquistle or caxuistle is the Nahuatl term for the species. It is normally found in wooded areas, especially along edge areas where the tree line breaks and allows sunshine to filter through. It also grows in exposed rocky areas, open fields and disturbed areas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.283667802810669, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "It may grow as a forest understory plant, although it is only somewhat shade-tolerant. The plant is extremely common in suburban and exurban areas of New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and southeastern United States. The similar species T. diversilobum (western poison oak) and T. rydbergii (western poison ivy) are found in western North America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.292073249816895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "It is more common now than when Europeans first arrived in North America. The development of real estate adjacent to wild, undeveloped land has engendered \"edge effects\", enabling poison ivy to form vast, lush colonies in these areas. It is listed as a noxious weed in the US states of Minnesota and Michigan and in the Canadian province of Ontario.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.111318588256836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "T. radicans", "passage": "Outside North America, T. radicans is also found in the temperate parts of Asia, in Japan, Taiwan, the Russian islands of Sakhalin and the Kuriles, and in parts of China. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3064117431640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "A study by researchers at the University of Georgia found that poison ivy is particularly sensitive to carbon dioxide levels, greatly benefiting from higher concentrations in the atmosphere. Poison ivy's growth and potency has already doubled since the 1960s, and it could double again once carbon dioxide levels reach 560 ppm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.96692180633545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "The following four characteristics are sufficient to identify poison ivy in most situations: (a) clusters of three leaflets, (b) alternate leaf arrangement, (c) lack of thorns, and (d) each group of three leaflets grows on its own stem, which connects to the main vine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.304177284240723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "The appearance of poison ivy can vary greatly between environments, and even within a single area. Identification by experienced people is often made difficult by leaf damage, the plant's leafless condition during winter, and unusual growth forms due to environmental or genetic factors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.422499656677246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Various mnemonic rhymes describe the characteristic appearance of poison ivy: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.972991943359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "# \"Leaflets three; let it be\" is the best known and most useful cautionary rhyme. It applies to poison oak, as well as to poison ivy, but other, non-harmful plants have similar leaves. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.062518119812012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is the allergic reaction caused by poison ivy. In extreme cases, a reaction can progress to anaphylaxis. Around 15% to 30% of people have no allergic reaction to urushiol, but most people will have a greater reaction with repeated or more concentrated exposure. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.683648109436035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Over 350,000 people are affected by poison ivy annually in the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.99420166015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "The pentadecylcatechols of the oleoresin within the sap of poison ivy and related plants causes the allergic reaction; the plants produce a mixture of pentadecylcatechols, which collectively is called urushiol. After injury, the sap leaks to the surface of the plant where the urushiol becomes a blackish lacquer after contact with oxygen. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.368297100067139, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Urushiol binds to the skin on contact, where it causes severe itching that develops into reddish inflammation or non-coloured bumps, and then blistering. These lesions may be treated with Calamine lotion, Burow's solution compresses, dedicated commercial poison ivy itch creams, or baths to relieve discomfort, though recent studies have shown some traditional medicines to be ineffective. Over-the-counter products to ease itching—or simply oatmeal baths and baking soda—are now recommended by dermatologists for the treatment of poison ivy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2653987407684326, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "A plant-based remedy cited to counter urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is jewelweed, and a Jewelweed mash made from the living plant was effective in reducing poison ivy dermatitis, supporting ethnobotanical use, while jewelweed extracts had no positive effect in clinical studies. Others argue that prevention of lesions is easy if one practices effective washing, using plain soap, scrubbing with a washcloth, and rinsing three times within two to eight hours of exposure. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.540342807769775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "The oozing fluids released by scratching blisters do not spread the poison. The fluid in the blisters is produced by the body and it is not urushiol itself. The appearance of a spreading rash indicates that some areas received more of the poison and reacted sooner than other areas or that contamination is still occurring from contact with objects to which the original poison was spread. Those affected can unknowingly spread the urushiol inside the house, on phones, door knobs, couches, counters, desks, and so on, thus in fact repeatedly coming into contact with poison ivy and extending the length of time of the rash. If this has happened, wipe down the surfaces with bleach or a commercial urushiol removal agent. The blisters and oozing result from blood vessels that develop gaps and leak fluid through the skin; if the skin is cooled, the vessels constrict and leak less. If poison ivy is burned and the smoke then inhaled, this rash will appear on the lining of the lungs, causing extreme pain and possibly fatal respiratory difficulty. If poison ivy is eaten, the mucus lining of the mouth and digestive tract can be damaged. A poison ivy rash usually develops within a week of exposure and can last anywhere from one to four weeks, depending on severity and treatment. In rare cases, poison ivy reactions may require hospitalization. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9281158447265625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "People who are sensitive to poison ivy can also experience a similar rash from mangoes. Mangoes are in the same family (Anacardiaceae) as poison ivy; the sap of the mango tree and skin of mangoes has a chemical compound similar to urushiol. A related allergenic compound is present in the raw shells of cashews. Similar reactions have been reported occasionally from contact with the related Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica) and Japanese lacquer tree. These other plants are also in the Anacardiaceae family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.365273475646973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Treatment of poison ivy rash ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.381921768188477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Box-elder (Acer negundo) saplings have leaves that can look very similar to those of poison ivy, although the symmetry of the plant itself is very different. While box-elders often have five or seven leaflets, three leaflets are also common, especially on smaller saplings. The two can be differentiated by observing the placement of the leaves where the leaf stalk meets the main branch (where the three leaflets are attached). Poison ivy has alternate leaves, which means the three-leaflet leaves alternate along the main branch. The maple (which the box-elder is a species of) has opposite leaves; another leaf stalk directly on the opposite side is characteristic of box-elder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.346643447875977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) vines can look like poison ivy. The younger leaves can consist of three leaflets but have a few more serrations along the leaf edge, and the leaf surface is somewhat wrinkled. However, most Virginia creeper leaves have five leaflets. Virginia creeper and poison ivy very often grow together, even on the same tree. Even those who do not get an allergic reaction to poison ivy may be allergic to the oxalate crystals in Virginia creeper sap.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.847883224487305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Western poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum) leaflets also come in threes on the end of a stem, but each leaflet is shaped somewhat like an oak leaf. Western poison oak grows only in the western United States and Canada, although many people will refer to poison ivy as poison oak. This is because poison ivy will grow in either the ivy-like form or the brushy oak-like form depending on the moisture and brightness of its environment. The ivy form likes shady areas with only a little sun, tends to climb the trunks of trees, and can spread rapidly along the ground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8216409683227539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is a non-toxic edible vine that scrambles extensively over lower vegetation or grows high into trees. Kudzu is an invasive species in the southern United States. Like poison ivy, it has three leaflets, but the leaflets are bigger than those of poison ivy and are pubescent underneath with hairy margins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0261874198913574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Blackberries and raspberries (Rubus spp.) can resemble poison ivy, with which they may share territory; however, blackberries and raspberries almost always have thorns on their stems, whereas poison ivy stems are smooth. Also, the three-leaflet pattern of some blackberry and raspberry leaves changes as the plant grows: Leaves produced later in the season have five leaflets rather than three. Blackberries and raspberries have many fine teeth along the leaf edge, the top surface of their leaves is very wrinkled where the veins are, and the bottom of the leaves is light minty-greenish white. Poison ivy is all green. The stem of poison ivy is brown and cylindrical, while blackberry and raspberry stems can be green, can be squared in cross-section, and can have prickles. Raspberries and blackberries are never truly vines; that is, they do not attach to trees to support their stems.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.545769691467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* The thick vines of riverbank grape (Vitis riparia), with no rootlets visible, differ from the vines of poison ivy, which have so many rootlets that the stem going up a tree looks furry. Riverbank grape vines are purplish in colour, tend to hang away from their support trees, and have shreddy bark; poison ivy vines are brown, attached to their support trees, and do not have shreddy bark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.870536804199219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica) has a very similar appearance to poison ivy. While both species have three leaflets, the center leaflet of poison ivy is on a long stalk, while the center leaflet of fragrant sumac does not have an obvious stalk. When crushed, fragrant sumac leaves have a fragrance similar to citrus while poison ivy has little or no distinct fragrance. Fragrant sumac produces flowers before the leaves in the spring, while poison ivy produces flowers after the leaves emerge. Flowers and fruits of fragrant sumac are at the end of the stem, but occur along the middle of the stem of poison ivy. Fragrant sumac fruit ripens to a deep reddish color and is covered with tiny hairs while poison ivy fruit is smooth and ripens to a whitish color.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.388381958007812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata) has leaves that are remarkably similar. It is, however, a much larger plant so confusion is unlikely for any but the smallest specimens. The flowers and seeds are also easily distinguished from those of poison ivy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.733829498291016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "*Toxicodendron rydbergii (Western poison ivy)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.887700080871582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "*Smodingium argutum (African poison ivy)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.135028839111328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Toxicodendron radicans" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Urushiol is an oily organic allergen found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, especially Toxicodendron spp. (e.g., poison oak, Lacquer Tree, poison ivy, poison sumac) and also in parts of the mango tree . ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0075902938842773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Urushiol" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Urushiol is a mixture of several closely related organic compounds. Each consists of a catechol substituted with an alkyl chain that has 15 or 17 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated. The exact composition of the mixture varies, depending on the plant source. Whereas western poison oak urushiol contains chiefly catechols with C17 side-chains, poison ivy and poison sumac contain mostly catechols with C15 side-chains. The likelihood and severity of allergic reaction to urushiol is dependent on the degree of unsaturation of the alkyl chain. Less than half of the general population experience a reaction with the saturated urushiol alone, but over 90% do so with urushiol that contains at least two degrees of unsaturation (double bonds). Longer side chains tend to produce a stronger reaction.McGovern Tomas, Barkley Theodore (1998) \"Review Botanical Dermatology\", International Journal of Dermatology, vol 37, pp 321-334 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.734184741973877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Urushiol" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "Urushiol is an oleoresin contained within the sap of poison ivy and related plants, and after injury to the plant, or late in the fall, the sap leaks to the surface of the plant, where under certain temperature and humidity conditions the urushiol becomes a blackish lacquer after being in contact with oxygen. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.478369235992432, "source": "wiki", "title": "Urushiol" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "*Allergic reaction to contact with specific chemicals, such as urushiol, derived from poison ivy or poison oak, or Balsam of Peru, found in many foods and fragrances. Certain allergens may be diagnosed in a patch test. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.106977462768555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Itch" }, { "answer": "Poison Ivy", "passage": "* Mango tree. Mango peel and sap contain urushiol, the allergen in poison ivy and poison sumac that can cause urushiol-induced contact dermatitis in susceptible people. Cross-reactions between mango contact allergens and urushiol have been observed. Those with a history of poison ivy or poison oak contact dermatitis may be most at risk for such an allergic reaction. Urushiol is also present in mango leaves and stems. During mango's primary ripening season, it is the most common source of plant dermatitis in Hawaii.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.435102701187134, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of poisonous plants" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "King Tut", "Tutanhamon", "Tutankamun", "Tutankhamen", "Nebkheprure", "Tut-Anj-Amon", "King Tutankhamun", "Tutankhaten", "Tutankamen", "King tut", "Tutankhaumen", "Tutenkhamun", "King Tut's Death", "Tut-ankh-amun", "Tutankhamen's Death Mask", "Tutankamon", "Kingtut", "Tutenkamen", "Living Image of Amun", "Tutankhamum", "Tutankhamun", "Come on, Tutan", "Tuthankamun", "Tut Anj Amon", "Tutankhaton", "King Tutankhamen", "Pharaoh Tutankhamun", "The Boy King", "Living Image of Aten", "Tutankhamon", "Tuthankamen", "Nebkheperure Tutankhamun", "Tutenkhamen", "Nebkheperure", "Tutankhanum" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "tutanhamon", "tutenkhamen", "tutenkamen", "living image of aten", "king tut s death", "tuthankamen", "tutankamon", "nebkheperure tutankhamun", "tutankamun", "tut anj amon", "king tut", "tutankhanum", "tutankamen", "tutankhamen", "pharaoh tutankhamun", "tutankhamum", "kingtut", "boy king", "tuthankamun", "tutankhamen s death mask", "tutankhaton", "tutankhaumen", "tutankhaten", "nebkheperure", "tutankhamun", "come on tutan", "living image of amun", "tut ankh amun", "nebkheprure", "king tutankhamun", "tutenkhamun", "tutankhamon", "king tutankhamen" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "king tut", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "King Tut" }

[ { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Egyptologist Bob Brier has noted that despite its widespread depiction in royal portraits, no ancient Egyptian crown ever has been discovered. Tutankhamun's tomb, discovered largely intact, did contain such regalia as his crook and flail, but no crown was found, however, among the funerary equipment. Diadems have been discovered. ", "precise_score": -7.046443462371826, "rough_score": -7.391396999359131, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pharaoh" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "In the 1970s, his TV appearances led to the release of comedy albums that went platinum. The track \"Excuse Me\" on his first album, Let's Get Small, helped establish a national catch phrase. His next album, A Wild and Crazy Guy (1978), was an even bigger success, reaching the No. 2 spot on the U.S. sales chart, selling over a million copies. \"Just a wild and crazy guy\" became another of Martin's known catch phrases. The album featured a character based on a series of Saturday Night Live sketches where Martin and Dan Aykroyd played the Festrunk Brothers; Georgi and Yortuk (respectively) were bumbling Czechoslovak would-be playboys. The album ends with the song \"King Tut\", sung and written by Martin and backed by the \"Toot Uncommons\", members of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. It was later released as a single, reaching No. 17 on the U.S. charts in 1978 and selling over a million copies. The song came out during the King Tut craze that accompanied the popular traveling exhibit of the Egyptian king's tomb artifacts. Both albums won Grammys for Best Comedy Recording in 1977 and 1978, respectively. Martin performed \"King Tut\" on the April 22, 1978 edition of SNL.", "precise_score": 2.2873079776763916, "rough_score": -1.0395077466964722, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steve Martin" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "Martin learned how to play the banjo with help from John McEuen, who later joined the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. McEuen's brother later managed Martin as well as the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. Martin did his stand-up routine opening for the band in the early 1970s. He had the band play on his hit song, \"King Tut\", being credited as \"The Toot Uncommons\" (as in Tutankhamun).", "precise_score": 0.7523128986358643, "rough_score": 0.03335627540946007, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steve Martin" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "Albums during this period included The Dirt Band and An American Dream. The single \"American Dream\" with Linda Ronstadt reached No. 13 on the popular music charts. The band also appeared on Saturday Night Live in their own slot (performing the instrumental penned by John, \"White Russia'), and separately, billed as The Toot Uncommons, provided backing for Steve Martin on his million-selling novelty tune, \"King Tut.\" They also played on that hit recorded in Aspen earlier that year.", "precise_score": 0.8178852796554565, "rough_score": -2.581650972366333, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nitty Gritty Dirt Band" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "Tutankhamun (; alternatively spelled with Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (ruled c. 1332–1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom or sometimes the New Empire Period. He has since his discovery been colloquially referred to as King Tut. His original name, Tutankhaten, means \"Living Image of Aten\", while Tutankhamun means \"Living Image of Amun\". In hieroglyphs, the name Tutankhamun was typically written Amen-tut-ankh, because of a scribal custom that placed a divine name at the beginning of a phrase to show appropriate reverence. He is possibly also the Nibhurrereya of the Amarna letters, and likely the 18th dynasty king Rathotis who, according to Manetho, an ancient historian, had reigned for nine years—a figure that conforms with Flavius Josephus's version of Manetho's Epitome. ", "precise_score": -5.280144691467285, "rough_score": -7.0850629806518555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "The 1922 discovery by Howard Carter and George Herbert of Tutankhamun's nearly intact tomb received worldwide press coverage. It sparked a renewed public interest in ancient Egypt, for which Tutankhamun's mask, now in the Egyptian Museum, remains the popular symbol. Exhibits of artifacts from his tomb have toured the world. In February 2010, the results of DNA tests confirmed that he was the son of Akhenaten (mummy KV55). His mother was Akhenaten's sister and wife (mummy KV35YL), whose name is unknown but whose remains are positively identified as \"The Younger Lady\" mummy found in KV35. The \"mysterious\" deaths of a few of those who excavated Tutankhamun's tomb has been popularly attributed to the curse of the pharaohs. ", "precise_score": -5.764675140380859, "rough_score": -7.2103800773620605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "If Tutankhamun is the world's best known pharaoh, it is largely because his tomb is among the best preserved, and his image and associated artifacts the most-exhibited. As Jon Manchip White writes, in his foreword to the 1977 edition of Carter's The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun, \"The pharaoh who in life was one of the least esteemed of Egypt's Pharoahs has become in death the most renowned.\"", "precise_score": -3.0752649307250977, "rough_score": -5.913827896118164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "The discoveries in the tomb were prominent news in the 1920s. Tutankhamen came to be called by a modern neologism, \"King Tut\". Ancient Egyptian references became common in popular culture, including Tin Pan Alley songs; the most popular of the latter was \"Old King Tut\" by Harry Von Tilzer from 1923, which was recorded by such prominent artists of the time as Jones & Hare and Sophie Tucker. \"King Tut\" became the name of products, businesses, and even the pet dog of U.S. President Herbert Hoover.", "precise_score": -3.852792501449585, "rough_score": -6.944268226623535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "* \"King Tut\" (1978), a whimsical song by (American comedian) \"Steve Martin and the Toot Uncommons\" (a backup group consisting of members of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band).", "precise_score": 4.541887283325195, "rough_score": 6.840346336364746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "\"King Tut\" is a novelty song performed by Steve Martin and the Toot Uncommons (actually members of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band). It was released as a single in 1978, sold over a million copies, and reached number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Martin previewed the song in a live performance during the April 22, 1978 episode of Saturday Night Live. The song was also included on Martin's album A Wild and Crazy Guy.", "precise_score": 4.489004135131836, "rough_score": 6.887066841125488, "source": "wiki", "title": "King Tut (song)" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "\"King Tut\" paid homage to Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun and presents a caricature of the sensational Treasures of Tutankhamun traveling exhibit that toured seven United States cities from 1976 to 1979. The exhibit attracted approximately eight million visitors. In the Saturday Night Live performance of \"King Tut,\" loyal subjects appease a joyful King Tut with kitchen appliances. An instrumental solo is delivered by saxophone player Lou Marini, who steps out of a sarcophagus—painted gold—to great laughter.", "precise_score": -2.6353561878204346, "rough_score": -5.0686187744140625, "source": "wiki", "title": "King Tut (song)" }, { "answer": "Tutankhaten", "passage": "Tutankhamun was the son of Akhenaten (formerly Amenhotep IV) and one of Akhenaten's sisters, or possibly one of his cousins. As a prince, he was known as Tutankhaten. He ascended to the throne in 1333 BC, at the age of nine or ten, taking the throne name Nebkheperure. His wet nurse was a woman called Maia, known from her tomb at Saqqara. His teacher was most likely Sennedjem.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.637635231018066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Given his age, the king probably had very powerful advisers, presumably including General Horemheb (Grand Vizier Ay's possible son in law and successor) and Grand Vizier Ay (who succeeded Tutankhamun). Horemheb records that the king appointed him \"lord of the land\" as hereditary prince to maintain law. He also noted his ability to calm the young king when his temper flared. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.027192115783691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Living Image of Amun", "passage": "In his third regnal year, under the influence of his advisors, Tutankhamun reversed several changes made during his father's reign. He ended the worship of the god Aten and restored the god Amun to supremacy. The ban on the cult of Amun was lifted and traditional privileges were restored to its priesthood. The capital was moved back to Thebes and the city of Akhetaten abandoned. This is when he changed his name to Tutankhamun, \"Living image of Amun\", reinforcing the restoration of Amun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911123275756836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "The country was economically weak and in turmoil following the reign of Akhenaten. Diplomatic relations with other kingdoms had been neglected, and Tutankhamun sought to restore them, in particular with the Mitanni. Evidence of his success is suggested by the gifts from various countries found in his tomb. Despite his efforts for improved relations, battles with Nubians and Asiatics were recorded in his mortuary temple at Thebes. His tomb contained body armor and folding stools appropriate for military campaigns. However, given his youth and physical disabilities, which seemed to require the use of a cane in order to walk (he died c. age 19), historians speculate that he did not personally take part in these battles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.56181812286377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "Tutankhamun was slight of build, and was roughly 180 cm tall. He had large front incisors and an overbite characteristic of the Thutmosid royal line to which he belonged. Between September 2007 and October 2009, various mummies were subjected to detailed anthropological, radiological, and genetic studies as part of the King Tutankhamun Family Project. The research showed that Tutankhamun also had \"a slightly cleft palate\" and possibly a mild case of scoliosis, a medical condition in which the spine deviates to the side from the normal position. Examination of Tutankhamun's body has also revealed deformations in his left foot, caused by necrosis of bone tissue. The affliction may have forced Tutankhamun to walk with the use of a cane, many of which were found in his tomb. In DNA tests of Tutankhamun's mummy, scientists found DNA from the mosquito-borne parasites that cause malaria. This is currently the oldest known genetic proof of the disease. More than one strain of the malaria parasite was found, indicating that Tutankhamun contracted multiple malarial infections. According to National Geographic, \"The malaria would have weakened Tutankhamun's immune system and interfered with the healing of his foot. These factors, combined with the fracture in his left thighbone, which scientists had discovered in 2005, may have ultimately been what killed the young king.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.54499340057373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "In 2008, a team began DNA research on Tutankhamun and the mummified remains of other members of his family. The results from the DNA samples finally put to rest questions about Tutankhamun's lineage, proving that his father was Akhenaten, but that his mother was not one of Akhenaten's known wives. His mother was one of his father's five sisters, although it is not known which one. The team was able to establish with a probability of better than 99.99 percent that Amenhotep III was the father of the individual in KV55, who was in turn the father of Tutankhamun. The young king's mother was found through the DNA testing of a mummy designated as 'The Younger Lady' (KV35YL), which was found lying beside Queen Tiye in the alcove of KV35. Her DNA proved that, like his father, she was a child of Amenhotep III and Tiye; thus, Tutankhamun's parents were brother and sister. Queen Tiye held much political influence at court and acted as an adviser to her son after the death of her husband. Some geneticists dispute these findings, however, and \"complain that the team used inappropriate analysis techniques.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.87255859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "While the data are still incomplete, the study suggests that one of the mummified fetuses found in Tutankhamun's tomb is the daughter of Tutankhamun himself, and the other fetus is probably his child as well. So far, only partial data for the two female mummies from KV21 has been obtained. One of them, KV21A, may well be the infants' mother, and, thus, Tutankhamun's wife, Ankhesenamun. It is known from history that she was the daughter of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, and thus likely to be her husband's half-sister. One consequence of inbreeding can be children whose genetic defects do not allow them to be brought to term.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.84660816192627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "A further autopsy and genetic evidence in 2014 re-confirmed the 2010 findings that Tutankhamun was the product of a brother-sister relationship. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366216659545898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "There are no surviving records of Tutankhamun's final days. What caused Tutankhamun's death has been the subject of considerable debate. Major studies have been conducted in an effort to establish the cause of death. There is some evidence, advanced by Harvard microbiologist Ralph Mitchell, that his burial may have been hurried. Mitchell reported that dark brown splotches on the decorated walls of Tutankhamun's burial chamber suggested that he had been entombed even before the paint had a chance to dry. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.189643859863281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Although there is some speculation that Tutankhamun was assassinated, the consensus is that his death was accidental. A CT scan taken in 2005 showed that he had suffered a compound left leg fracture shortly before his death, and that the leg had become infected. DNA analysis conducted in 2010 showed the presence of malaria in his system, leading to the belief that malaria and Köhler disease II combined led to his death. On 14 September 2012, ABC News presented a further theory about Tutankhamun's death, developed by lecturer and surgeon Dr. Hutan Ashrafian, who believed that temporal lobe epilepsy caused a fatal fall which also broke Tutankhamun's leg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.091767311096191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "A research team, consisting of Egyptian scientists Yehia Gad and Somaia Ismail from the National Research Centre in Cairo, conducted further CT scans under the direction of Ashraf Selim and Sahar Saleem of the Faculty of Medicine at Cairo University. Three international experts served as consultants: Carsten Pusch of the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany; Albert Zink of the EURAC-Institute for Mummies and the Iceman in Bolzano, Italy; and Paul Gostner of the Central Hospital Bolzano. STR analysis based DNA fingerprinting analysis combined with the other techniques have rejected the hypothesis of gynecomastia and craniosynostoses (e.g., Antley-Bixler syndrome) or Marfan syndrome, but an accumulation of malformations in Tutankhamun's family was evident. Several pathologies including Köhler disease II were diagnosed in Tutankhamun; none alone would have caused death. Genetic testing for STEVOR, AMA1, or MSP1 genes specific for Plasmodium falciparum revealed indications of malaria tropica in 4 mummies, including Tutankhamun's. However, their exact contribution to the causality of his death still is highly debated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.852412223815918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "As stated above, the team discovered DNA from several strains of a parasite proving he was infected with the most severe strain of malaria several times in his short life. Malaria can trigger circulatory shock or cause a fatal immune response in the body, either of which can lead to death. If Tutankhamun did suffer from a bone disease which was crippling, it may not have been fatal. \"Perhaps he struggled against other [congenital flaws] until a severe bout of malaria or a leg broken in an accident added one strain too many to a body that could no longer carry the load\", wrote Zahi Hawass, archeologist and head of Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquity involved in the research.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.053049087524414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "In late 2013, Egyptologist Dr. Chris Naunton and scientists from the Cranfield Institute performed a \"virtual autopsy\" of Tutankhamun, revealing a pattern of injuries down one side of his body. Car-crash investigators then created computer simulations of chariot accidents. Naunton concluded that Tutankhamun was killed in a chariot crash: a chariot smashed into him while he was on his knees, shattering his ribs and pelvis. Naunton also referenced Howard Carter's records of the body having been burnt. Working with anthropologist Dr. Robert Connolly and forensic archaeologist Dr. Matthew Ponting, Naunton produced evidence that Tutankhamun's body was burnt while sealed inside his coffin. Embalming oils combined with oxygen and linen had caused a chemical reaction, creating temperatures of more than . Naunton said, \"The charring and possibility that a botched mummification led to the body spontaneously combusting shortly after burial was entirely unexpected.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.352713584899902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "With the death of Tutankhamun and the two stillborn children buried with him, the Thutmoside family line came to an end. The Amarna letters indicate that Tutankhamun's wife, recently widowed, wrote to the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I, asking if she could marry one of his sons. The letters do not say how Tutankhamun died. In the message, Ankhesenamun says that she was very afraid, but would not take one of her own people as husband. However, the son was killed before reaching his new wife. Shortly afterward, Ay married Tutankhamun's widow and became Pharaoh as a war was fought between the two countries, and Egypt was left defeated. The fate of Ankhesenamun is not known, but she disappears from record and Ay's second wife Tey became Great Royal Wife. After Ay's death, Horemheb usurped the throne and instigated a campaign of damnatio memoriae against him. Tutankhamun's father Akhenaten, stepmother Nefertiti, his wife Ankhesenamun, half sisters and other family members were also included. Not even Tutankhamun was spared. His images and cartouches were also erased. Horemheb himself was left childless and willed the throne to Paramessu, who founded the Ramesside family line of pharaohs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.95712947845459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Tutankhamun was nine years old when he became Pharaoh, son of god Ra, and reigned for approximately ten years. In historical terms, Tutankhamun's significance stems from the fact that his reign was close to the apogee of Egypt as a world power and from his rejection of the radical religious innovations introduced by his predecessor and father, Akhenaten. Secondly, his tomb in the Valley of the Kings was discovered by Carter almost completely intact—the most complete ancient Egyptian royal tomb ever found. As Tutankhamun began his reign at such an early age, his vizier and eventual successor, Ay, was probably making most of the important political decisions during Tutankhamun's reign.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.703524589538574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Kings were venerated after their deaths through mortuary cults and associated temples. Tutankhamun was one of the few kings worshiped in this manner during his lifetime. A stela discovered at Karnak and dedicated to Amun-Ra and Tutankhamun indicates that the king could be appealed to in his deified state for forgiveness and to free the petitioner from an ailment caused by sin. Temples of his cult were built as far away as in Kawa and Faras in Nubia. The title of the sister of the Viceroy of Kush included a reference to the deified king, indicative of the universality of his cult. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.52398681640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Tutankhamun was buried in a tomb that was unusually small considering his status. His death may have occurred unexpectedly, before the completion of a grander royal tomb, so that his mummy was buried in a tomb intended for someone else. This would preserve the observance of the customary 70 days between death and burial. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.48529052734375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "King Tutankhamun's mummy still rests in his tomb in the Valley of the Kings. On 4 November 2007, 85 years to the day after Carter's discovery, the 19-year-old pharaoh went on display in his underground tomb at Luxor, when the linen-wrapped mummy was removed from its golden sarcophagus to a climate-controlled glass box. The case was designed to prevent the heightened rate of decomposition caused by the humidity and warmth from tourists visiting the tomb. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.096570014953613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Eventually, the location of the tomb was lost because it had come to be buried by stone chips from subsequent tombs, either dumped there or washed there by floods. In the years that followed, some huts for workers were built over the tomb entrance, clearly without anyone's knowing what lay beneath. When at the end of the 20th Dynasty the Valley of the Kings burial sites were systematically dismantled, Tutankhamun's tomb was overlooked, presumably because knowledge of it had been lost, and his name may have been forgotten.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.57118034362793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "In June 2016, a report emerged that attributed the dagger buried with Pharaoh Tutankhamun to an iron meteorite, with similar proportions of metals (iron, nickel and cobalt) to a meteorite discovered near and named after Kharga Oasis. The dagger's metal was presumably from the same meteor shower. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.340895652770996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Reuse of Neferneferuaten's funerary objects for Tutankhamun's burial", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293396949768066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "According to Nicholas Reeves, almost 80% of Tutankhamun's burial equipment originated from the female pharaoh Neferneferuaten's funerary goods including his famous gold mask, middle coffin, canopic coffinettes, several of the gilded shrine panels, the shabti-figures, the boxes and chests, the royal jewelry, etc. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.232048034667969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "In 2015, Reeves published evidence showing that an earlier cartouche on Tutankhamun's famous gold mask read \"Ankheperure mery-Neferkheperure\" or (Ankheperure beloved of Akhenaten); therefore, the mask was originally made for Nefertiti, Akhenaten's chief queen, who used the royal name Ankheperure when she most likely assumed the throne after her husband's death. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03411865234375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "This development implies that either Neferneferuaten (likely Nefertiti if she assumed the throne after Akhenaten's death) was deposed in a struggle for power, possibly deprived of a royal burial—and buried as a Queen—or that she was buried with a different set of king's funerary equipment—possibly Akhenaten's own funerary equipment by Tutankhamun's officials since Tutankhamun succeeded her as king. Neferneferuaten was likely succeeded by Tutankhamun based on the presence of her funerary goods in his tomb.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.80411148071289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "5,398 items were found in the tomb, including a solid gold coffin, face mask, thrones, archery bows, a lotus chalice, food, wine, sandals, and fresh linen underwear. Howard Carter took 10 years to catalog the items. Recent analysis suggests a dagger recovered from the tomb had an iron blade made from a meteorite; study of artifacts of the time including other artifacts from Tutankhamun's tomb could provide valuable insights into metalworking technologies round the Mediterranean at the time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.704939842224121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "Relics from Tutankhamun's tomb are among the most traveled artifacts in the world. They have been to many countries, but probably the best-known exhibition tour was The Treasures of Tutankhamun tour, which ran from 1972 to 1979. This exhibition was first shown in London at the British Museum from 30 March until 30 September 1972. More than 1.6 million visitors saw the exhibition, some queuing for up to eight hours. It was the most popular exhibition in the Museum's history. The exhibition moved on to many other countries, including the USA, USSR, Japan, France, Canada, and West Germany. The Metropolitan Museum of Art organized the U.S. exhibition, which ran from 17 November 1976 through 15 April 1979. More than eight million attended.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.451526641845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamen", "passage": "In 2004, the tour of Tutankhamun funerary objects entitled Tutankhamen: The Golden Hereafter, consisting of fifty artifacts from Tutankhamun's tomb and seventy funerary goods from other 18th Dynasty tombs, began in Basel, Switzerland and went on to Bonn, Germany, on the second leg of the tour. This European tour was organised by the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), and the Egyptian Museum in cooperation with the Antikenmuseum Basel and Sammlung Ludwig. Deutsche Telekom sponsored the Bonn exhibition. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544174194335938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamen", "passage": "In 2005, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, in partnership with Arts and Exhibitions International and the National Geographic Society, launched a tour of Tutankhamun treasures and other 18th Dynasty funerary objects, this time called Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs. It featured the same exhibits as Tutankhamen: The Golden Hereafter in a slightly different format. It was expected to draw more than three million people. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.867809295654297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "The exhibition included 80 exhibits from the reigns of Tutankhamun's immediate predecessors in the Eighteenth dynasty, such as Hatshepsut, whose trade policies greatly increased the wealth of that dynasty and enabled the lavish wealth of Tutankhamun's burial artifacts, as well as 50 from Tutankhamun's tomb. The exhibition does not include the gold mask that was a feature of the 1972–1979 tour, as the Egyptian government has determined that the mask is too fragile to withstand travel and will never again leave the country. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.026261329650879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "A separate exhibition called Tutankhamun and the World of the Pharaohs began at the Ethnological Museum in Vienna from 9 March to 28 September 2008, showing a further 140 treasures. Renamed Tutankhamun: The Golden King and the Great Pharaohs, the exhibition toured the US and Canada from November 2008 to 6 January 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.294879913330078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhaten", "passage": "* La Reine Soleil (2007), an animated film by Philippe Leclerc which features Akhenaten, Tutankhaten (later Tutankhamun), Akhesa (Ankhesenepaten, later Ankhesenamun), Nefertiti, and Horemheb in a complex struggle pitting the priests of Amun against Akhenaten's intolerant monotheism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.88754940032959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "* For Transformers (2007), the Decepticon character Frenzy repeats the name, \"Tutankhamun.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14144515991211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "* The video game Sphinx and the Cursed Mummy (2003) features a fictional representation of Prince Tutankhamun, who is the victim of an unnamed magical ritual which results in almost instantaneous mummification and extraction of what appears to be his \"life force\". In the instruction manual, the Mummy is described as young, inexperienced and naive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.886343002319336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "* The arcade game Tutankham (1981) revolves around King Tutankhamun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.181788444519043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "* The novel Tutankhamun (2008) by novelist Nick Drake [not the musician] takes place during the reign of Tutankhamun and gives a possible explanation for his injury and death (and the aftermath) set amid a murder mystery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123104095458984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "* The novel The Lost Queen of Egypt (1937) by novelist Lucile Morrison is about Ankhsenpaaten / Ankhesenamun, the wife of Tutankhamun. He is a major character, coming in about midway in the story. Here, his name is spelled as 'Tutankhamon.' It's strongly hinted that he was murdered.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.12261962890625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "* King Tut, played by Victor Buono, was a villain on the Batman TV series which aired from 1966 to 1968. Mild-mannered Egyptologist William Omaha McElroy, after suffering a concussion, came to believe he was the reincarnation of Tutankhamun. His response to this knowledge was to embark upon a crime spree that required him to fight against the \"Caped Crusaders\", Batman and Robin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.716538429260254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "* The first episode of the 2005 BBC series Egypt: Rediscovering a Lost World focuses on the life and death of Tutankhamun and the serendipitous discovery of his tomb.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.88148307800293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "* In the US documentary series, King Tut Unwrapped, Moroccan singer-actor, Faissal Oberon Azizi, portrayed Tutankhamun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.500017166137695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "* The Discovery Kids animated series Tutenstein stars a fictional mummy based on Tutankhamun, named Tutankhensetamun and nicknamed Tutenstein, in his afterlife. He is depicted as a lazy and spoiled 10-year-old mummy boy who must guard a magical artifact called the Scepter of Was from the evil Egyptian god Set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.56365966796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "*Tut, a dramatized three part miniseries loosely based on the reign of Tutankhamun (portrayed by Avan Jogia), premiered on Spike in July 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.786067008972168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Tutankhamun", "passage": "*In the Japanese superhero series Kamen Rider Ghost, Tutankhamun is one of 15 famous historical figures' souls residing in mystical items called Eyecons, which can be used by the Kamen Riders to empower themselves. Soul of Tutankhamun is often used by Kamen Rider Specter to transform into a pharaoh-like form called Tutankhamun Damashii.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.755894660949707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "Living Image of Amun", "passage": "At the reintroduction of traditional religious practice, his name changed. It is transliterated as twt-ꜥnḫ-ỉmn ḥqꜣ-ỉwnw-šmꜥ, and according to modern Egyptological convention is written Tutankhamun Hekaiunushema, meaning \"Living image of Amun, ruler of Upper Heliopolis\". On his ascension to the throne, Tutankhamun took a praenomen. This is transliterated as nb-ḫprw-rꜥ, and, again, according to modern Egyptological convention is written Nebkheperure, meaning \"Lord of the forms of Re\". The name Nibhurrereya in the Amarna letters may be closer to how his praenomen was actually pronounced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.95261287689209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tutankhamun" }, { "answer": "King Tut", "passage": "Chicago radio superstation WLS-AM, which gave the song much airplay, ranked \"King Tut\" as the 11th biggest hit of 1978. It spent four weeks at the number-one position on their chart during the time the Tut exhibition was on display at the Field Museum of Natural History in downtown Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.58602237701416, "source": "wiki", "title": "King Tut (song)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Joker (disambiguation)", "Joker (DC Comics)", "Jokers", "Joker", "The Joker (disambiguation)", "Joker (film)", "The Joker (roller coaster)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "joker roller coaster", "joker dc comics", "jokers", "joker", "joker film", "joker disambiguation" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "joker", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Joker" }

[ { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "The United States introduced the Joker into the deck. It was devised for the game of Euchre, which spread from Europe to America beginning shortly after the American Revolutionary War. In Euchre, the highest trump card is the Jack of the trump suit, called the right bower (from the German Bauer); the second-highest trump, the left bower, is the Jack of the suit of the same color as trumps. The joker was invented c. 1860 as a third trump, the imperial or best bower, which ranked higher than the other two bowers. The name of the card is believed to derive from juker, a variant name for Euchre. Beal, George (1975). Playing cards and their story. New York: Arco Publishing Comoany Inc. p. 58 The earliest reference to a Joker functioning as a wild card dates to 1875 with a variation of poker. ", "precise_score": 7.160140514373779, "rough_score": 8.318380355834961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Playing card" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Euchre or eucre is a trick-taking card game most commonly played with four people in two partnerships with a deck of 24, 25, or sometimes 32, standard playing cards. It is the game responsible for introducing the joker into modern packs; this was invented around 1860 to act as a top trump or best bower (from the German word Bauer, \"farmer\", denoting also the jack). It is believed to be closely related to the French game Écarté that was popularized in the United States by the Cornish and Pennsylvania Dutch, and to the seventeenth-century game of bad repute Loo. It may be sometimes referred to as Knock Euchre to distinguish it from Bid Euchre.", "precise_score": 6.2127885818481445, "rough_score": 7.62615442276001, "source": "wiki", "title": "Euchre" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "The Joker is a playing card found in most modern card decks, as an addition to the standard four suits (clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades). Originating in the United States during its civil war, the card is unique in that it lacks an industry-wide standard appearance. Created as a trump card for Euchre, it has since been adopted into many other card games where it may function as a wild card.", "precise_score": 2.1545846462249756, "rough_score": 4.757880687713623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Samuel Hart is credited with printing the first illustrated \"Best Bower\" card in 1863 with his \"Imperial Bower\". Best Bower-type jokers continued to be produced well into the 20th-century. Cards labelled \"Joker\" began appearing around the late 1860s with some depicting clowns and jesters. It is believed that the term \"Joker\" comes from Juker or Juckerspiel, the original German spelling of Euchre. One British manufacturer, Charles Goodall, was manufacturing packs with Jokers for the American market in 1871. The first joker for the domestic British market was sold in 1874. ", "precise_score": 0.0466499961912632, "rough_score": 4.7631001472473145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "The Joker can be an extremely beneficial, or an extremely harmful, card. In Euchre it is often used to represent the highest trump. In poker, it is wild. However, in the children's game named Old Maid, a solitary joker represents the Maid, a card that is to be avoided.", "precise_score": 0.1028704047203064, "rough_score": -2.756544589996338, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Contemporary playing cards are grouped into three broad categories based on the suits they use: French, Latin, and German. Latin suits are used in the closely related Spanish and Italian formats. The Swiss German suits are distinct enough to merit their subcategory. Excluding Jokers and Tarot trumps, the French 52-card deck preserves the number of cards in the original Mamluk deck, while Latin and German decks average fewer. Latin decks usually drop the higher-valued pip cards, while German decks drop the lower-valued ones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3182806968688965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Playing card" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Within suits, there are regional or national variations called \"standard patterns\" because they are in the public domain, allowing multiple card manufacturers to copy them. Pattern differences are most easily found in the face cards but the number of cards per deck, the use of numeric indices, or even minor shape and arrangement differences of the pips can be used to distinguish them. Some patterns have been around for hundreds of years. Jokers are not part of any pattern as they are a relatively recent invention and lack any standardized appearance so each publisher usually puts their own trademarked illustration into their decks. The wide variation of jokers has turned them into collectible items. Any card that bore the stamp duty like the ace of spades in England or the ace of clubs in France are also collectible as that is where the manufacturer's logo is usually placed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.090665817260742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Playing card" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "French decks come in a variety of patterns and deck sizes. The 52-card deck is the most popular deck and includes 13 ranks of each suit with reversible \"court\" or face cards. Each suit includes an Ace, depicting a single symbol of its suit, a King, Queen, and Jack, each depicted with a symbol of their suit; and ranks two through ten, with each card depicting that number of pips of its suit. As well as these 52 cards, commercial packs often include between one and four jokers, most often two.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.806694030761719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Playing card" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "The cards (cartas or naipes in Spanish) are all numbered, but unlike in the standard French pack, the card numbered 10 is the first of the court cards (instead of a card depicting ten pips); so each suit has only twelve cards. Most Spanish games involve forty-card packs, with the 8s and 9s removed, similar to the standard Italian pack. Many Spanish decks have reintroduced cards representing 8 and 9 for a total of 48 cards though 40 card decks are still common. Certain packs include two \"comodines\" (jokers) as well. The box (la pinta) that goes around the edges of the card is used to distinguish the suit without showing all of your cards: The cups have one interruption, the swords two, the clubs three, and the coins none.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.42857027053833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Playing card" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "The Unicode standard for text encoding on computers defines 8 characters for card suits in the Miscellaneous Symbols block, at U+2660–2667. Unicode 7.0 added a unified pack for French-suited Tarot Nouveau's trump cards and the 52 cards of the modern French pack, with 4 Knights, together with a character for \"Playing Card Back\" and black, red, and white jokers in the block U+1F0A0–1F0FF.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5202934741973877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Playing card" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Many of these variations are specific to a particular region. In Australia and New Zealand, playing to 11 rather than 10 points is common. In south western England, Cornwall and Guernsey, variations with a joker as highest trump are played. In Ontario and parts of NZ and in the British version of the game, after the dealer turns up the top card on the kitty if the first player to the left passes and the dealer's partner would like to order up the dealer, the dealer's partner must play alone. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.527273178100586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Euchre" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "The next game to use a joker was poker around 1875 where it functioned as a wild card. Packs with two jokers started to become the norm during the late 1940s for the game of Canasta. Since the 1950s, German and Austrian decks have included three jokers to play German rummy; in Poland the third joker is known as the blue joker. In Schleswig-Holstein, Zwicker decks come with six jokers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.089781284332275, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "As a recent introduction to the pack, jokers do not have any standardized appearance across the card manufacturing industry. Each company produces their own depictions of the card. The publishers of playing cards trademark their jokers, which have unique artwork that often reflect contemporary culture. Out of convention, jokers tend to be illustrated as jesters. There are usually two Jokers per deck, often noticeably different. For instance, the United States Playing Card Company (USPCC) prints their company's guarantee claim on only one. More common traits are the appearance of colored and black/non-colored Jokers. At times, the Jokers will each be colored to match the colors used for suits; there will be a red Joker, and a black Joker. In games where the jokers may need to be compared, the red, full-color, or larger-graphic Joker usually outranks the black, monochrome, or smaller-graphic one. If the joker colors are similar, the joker without a guarantee will outrank the guaranteed one. With the red and black jokers, the red one can alternately be counted as a heart/diamond and the black is used to substitute clubs/spades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4693756103515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Most decks simply use a stylized \"J\" or the word \"JOKER\" as the corner index. While most decks do not provide the Joker with an index symbol, of those that do, the most common index symbol is a solid five-pointed star or a star within a circle. The Unicode symbol utilizes a star. In the USPCC's Bicycle brand of playing cards, the Joker sometimes bears an S superimposed over a U as its index symbol, which is the company's trademark. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.291815757751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "In Australia, the Joker in the Queen's Slipper brand of playing cards depicts a Kookaburra, a bird native to Australia with a call that famously resembles human laughter. In Australian games of 500, the Joker is often referred to colloquially as \"The Bird\". In Portugal, Litografia Maia has printed French decks where the Joker figure is substituted by a donkey head. It is intended to be used in Burro em pé (\"standing donkey\"). When Club Nintendo released the Platinum Playing Cards, Bowser appears as the Joker, a nod to his role as Mario's archenemy in the video games. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.54126501083374, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Like sports trading cards, jokers are often prized by collectors. Many unusual jokers are available for purchase online while other collectible jokers are catalogued online for viewing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.986233711242676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "The Joker is often compared to \"(the) Fool\" in the Tarot deck. They share many similarities both in appearance and play function. In Central Europe, the Fool is the highest trump; elsewhere as an \"excuse\" that can be played at any time to avoid following suit but cannot win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.595161437988281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Practitioners of cartomancy often include a Joker in the standard 52-card deck, with a meaning similar to the Fool card of Tarot. Sometimes the two Jokers are used: one approach is to identify the \"black\" Joker with the Fool and the \"red\" Joker with \"the Magician,\" also known as the Juggler, a card which is somewhat similar in interpretation and is considered the first step in the \"Fool's Journey.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.659051895141602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "Use of the Joker in card games", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.579423904418945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "In a standard deck, there are usually two Jokers. The Joker's use varies greatly. Many card games omit the card entirely; as a result, Jokers are often used as informal replacements for lost cards in a deck by simply noting the lost card's rank and suit on the joker. Other games, such as a 25-card variant of Euchre, make it one of the most important in the game. Often, the joker is a wild card, and thereby allowed to represent other existing cards. The term \"joker's wild\" originates from this practice, as does the game show of the same name. The Joker Is Wild is also the name of a 1957 film starring Frank Sinatra. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.762011528015137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "* Canasta: The joker, like the deuce, is a wild card. However, the joker is worth 50 points in melding, as opposed to 20 for the deuce.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.560155868530273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "* Chase the Joker: An alternative version of Old Maid where the Joker card is used instead of the Ace.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.255924224853516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "*Pitch: A point card in some variations. Jokers usually are marked as \"High\" and \"Low\", one outranking the other.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.086820602416992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "*Spades: uncommon, but can fulfill one of two roles. When playing with three or six players they are added to make the cards deal evenly (18 or 9 cards each, respectively). They are either \"junk\" cards playable anytime that cannot win a trick, or they count as the two highest trumps (the two Jokers must be differentiable; the \"big Joker\" outranks the \"little Joker\"). They also can be used in conjunction with teammates cards to create a pseudo-\"trump\", i.e. an Ace of Hearts and Joker played together would be counted as an Ace of Spades, inferior only to a natural Ace of Spades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.955035924911499, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" }, { "answer": "Joker", "passage": "*Go Fish: When playing with 2 people, the joker pair is often used so you cannot have a tie. If you do not, you have 26 matches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.064615249633789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joker (playing card)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Blockbusters (game show)", "Blockbuster (disambiguation)", "Blockbusters (TV programme)", "Blockbusters", "Block buster", "Gold Run", "Blockbuster", "Block Buster", "Blockbuster (comics)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "blockbuster disambiguation", "block buster", "blockbuster", "blockbusters tv programme", "blockbusters game show", "gold run", "blockbuster comics", "blockbusters" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "blockbuster", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Blockbuster" }

[ { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "The first professionally managed video rental store in the U.S. was opened by George Atkinson in December 1977 at 12011 Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles. After 20th Century Fox had made an agreement with Magnetic Video founder Andre Blay to license him 50 of their titles for sale directly to consumers, amongst them Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, M*A*S*H, Hello, Dolly!, Patton, The French Connection, The King And I and The Sound Of Music, Atkinson bought all the titles in both VHS and Beta formats, and offered them for rent. Such stores led to the creation of video rental chains such as West Coast Video, Blockbuster Video, and Rogers Video in the 1980s.", "precise_score": -5.164192199707031, "rough_score": -2.333815336227417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Video rental shop" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "The company surpassed Blockbuster in 2007 in number of U.S. locations, passed 100 million rentals in February 2008, and passed 1 billion rentals in September 2010. Competitors include Netflix and Blockbuster. In Q2 2011, kiosks accounted for 36 percent of the disc rental market, with 38 percent of that attributable to rent-by-mail services and 25 percent to traditional stores, according to the NPD Group. As of Q2 2011, 68 percent of the U.S. population lives within a five-minute drive of a Redbox kiosk. The numbers for Q2 2013 shows that the Redbox rentals had surpassed 50 percent of the total disc rentals in the country. ", "precise_score": -0.607603907585144, "rough_score": -1.7164666652679443, "source": "wiki", "title": "Redbox" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "In February 2012, Redbox announced the purchase of former competitor Blockbuster Express (NCR) for $100 million. The acquisition included over 10,000 DVD kiosks, certain retailer contracts, and DVD inventory. As part of the agreement, Redbox entered a supplier arrangement of purchasing product and services from NCR. On June 27, 2012, Redbox sent an email to its customers announcing that it had completed the purchase of Blockbuster Express on June 23. ", "precise_score": -5.74126672744751, "rough_score": -4.021946907043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Redbox" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "There would typically be a delay of several months between the time a movie was available for rental, and when the movie could be purchased by the consumer. In reality, the video was available, but priced for rental shops and film enthusiasts who wanted to own a copy of the film at the earliest opportunity. The pricing was between $70 and $130. This started changing with the advent of movie releases on DVD. Blockbuster refused to use the VHS strategy for DVD, so the studios began releasing DVDs at an initially lower price. During 2008, retailers would have the DVD version of a film available for sale the same day the VHS version was available for rent. This later changed, with release dates for VHS and DVD coinciding. In 2013, this also occurred when the Blu-ray Disc format was introduced as the successor to VHS and DVD. A movie will be available on VHS, Blu-ray and DVD on the same day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.913557529449463, "source": "wiki", "title": "Video rental shop" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "* Blockbuster (51 Franchised Stores) (International)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.078850746154785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Video rental shop" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "** GameRush (Blockbuster's game-focused stores)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.001795768737793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Video rental shop" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "Membership fee, acquisition for Blockbuster, growth start ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.144182205200195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Netflix" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "In 2000, Netflix offered acquisition to Blockbuster for $50 million; the company declined however. Netflix initiated an initial public offering (IPO) on May 29, 2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14, 2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of common stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, earning US$6.5 million profit on revenues of US$272 million. In 2005, 35,000 different film titles were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.995610237121582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Netflix" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "Netflix's website attracted at least 194 million visitors annually, according to a Compete.com survey from 2008. This was about five times the number of visitors to Blockbuster's main website. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.585869789123535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Netflix" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "Blockbuster Video entered the U.S. online market in August 2004, with a US$19.95 monthly subscription service. This sparked a price war; Netflix had raised its popular three-disc plan from US$19.95 to US$21.99 just prior to Blockbuster's launch, but by October, Netflix reduced this fee to US$17.99. Blockbuster responded with rates as low as US$14.99 for a time, but, by August 2005, both companies settled at identical rates. On July 22, 2007, Netflix dropped the prices of its two most popular plans by US$1.00 in an effort to better compete with Blockbuster's online-only offerings. On October 4, 2012, Dish Network scrapped plans to make Blockbuster into a Netflix competitor. (Dish bought the ailing Blockbuster, LLC in 2011 and will continue to license the brand name to franchise locations, and keep its \"Blockbuster on Demand\" video streaming service open.) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.246806621551514, "source": "wiki", "title": "Netflix" }, { "answer": "Blockbuster", "passage": "Netflix and Blockbuster largely avoid offering pornography, but several \"adult video\" subscription services were inspired by Netflix, such as SugarDVD and WantedList. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.810603141784668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Netflix" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Firefly", "Cucullo", "Firefly flashing", "Lampyridae", "Peenie wallie", "Light bug", "Lightning beetle", "Lucciola", "Fireflies" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "lightning beetle", "light bug", "lampyridae", "firefly", "cucullo", "lucciola", "fireflies", "peenie wallie", "firefly flashing" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "firefly", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Firefly" }

[ { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "Serenity is a 2005 American space western film written and directed by Joss Whedon. It is a continuation of Whedon's short-lived 2002 Fox science fiction television series Firefly and stars the same cast, taking place after the events of the final episode. Set in 2517, Serenity is the story of the captain and crew of Serenity, a \"Firefly-class\" spaceship. The captain and first mate are veterans of the Unification War, having fought on the losing Independent side against the Alliance. Their lives of smuggling and cargo-running are interrupted by a psychic passenger who harbors a dangerous secret.", "precise_score": -0.00715749291703105, "rough_score": -1.958202838897705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" }, { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "NASA astronaut Steven Swanson, a fan of the show, took the Region 1 Firefly and Serenity DVDs with him on Space Shuttle Atlantis' STS-117 mission, which lifted off on Friday June 8, 2007. The DVDs will permanently reside on the International Space Station as a form of entertainment for the station's crews. ", "precise_score": -3.8550102710723877, "rough_score": -5.177217483520508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" }, { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "The film is based on Firefly, a television series canceled by the Fox Broadcasting Company in December 2002, after 11 of its 14 produced episodes had aired. Attempts to have other networks acquire the show failed, and creator Joss Whedon started to sell it as a film. He had been working on a film script since the show's cancellation. Shortly after the cancellation, he contacted Barry Mendel, who was working with Universal Studios, and \"flat-out asked him\" for a way to continue the series as a film, including as a low-budget television film. Mendel introduced Whedon to then Universal executive Mary Parent. She had seen Firefly and immediately signed on to the project, even though Whedon had yet to create a story. Whedon remarked, In July 2003, Whedon said that though there was interest in the project, \"I won't know really until I finish a draft whether or not it's genuine.\" He felt that any film deal was contingent on keeping the show's original cast, though he later stated that retaining the cast was \"never an issue\" as Universal executives believed the cast suitable after watching every episode of the series. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.049332618713379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" }, { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "In early September 2004, a film deal with Universal was publicly confirmed. Universal acquired the rights to Firefly shortly before the confirmation. Whedon felt that the strong sales of the Firefly DVD, which sold out in less than twenty-four hours after the pre-order announcement, \"definitely helped light a fire and make them [Universal] go, 'Okay, we've really got something here.' It definitely helped them just be comfortable with the decisions they were making, but they really had been supporting us for quite some time already.\" Whedon felt it was \"important people understand that the movie isn't the series\", and so the project was titled Serenity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.541860580444336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" }, { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "After Universal acquired the film rights from Fox, Whedon began writing the screenplay. His task was to explain the premise of a television series that few had seen without boring new viewers or longtime fans. He based his story on original story ideas for Fireflys un-filmed second season. Whedon's original script was 190 pages, and attempted to address all major plot points introduced in the series. After presenting the script to Barry Mendel under the title \"The Kitchen Sink\", Whedon and Mendel collaborated on cutting down the script to a size film-able under his budget constraints. All nine principal cast members from the television series were scheduled to return for the movie, but Glass and Tudyk could not commit to sequels, leading to the death of their characters in the second draft of the script. The tightened script and a budget Mendel and Whedon prepared were submitted to Universal on a Friday and on the following Monday morning, Stacey Snider, then head of Universal, called Mendel to officially greenlight the movie. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.693192481994629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" }, { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "The production expected to save money by reusing the Serenity ship interior set from the Firefly television series. However, the set had been built in pieces as episodes called for new rooms on the ship. Using DVD images of the television series as a guide, the set was rebuilt over fourteen weeks on Universal Studios' Stage 12 by twenty-three supervised crews working independently but in coordination with one another.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.648123741149902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" }, { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "Universal Studios wanted a composer with experience scoring films, ruling out Firefly composer Greg Edmonson. Whedon first thought of Carter Burwell, of whom Whedon was a fan. However, Whedon later felt that Burwell was not the right choice because as the film changed, the needs of the score changed as well. Burwell found working on the project difficult as it required he work \"opposite\" to his usual approach. The production would have continued with Burwell, but his other obligations left him little time to compose an entirely new score for Serenity. Burwell was dropped from the project a few weeks before the scheduled February 2005 recording.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.197295188903809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" }, { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "In April 2005, Universal launched a three-stage grassroots marketing campaign. A rough cut of the film was previewed in a total of thirty-five North American cities where the Firefly television series received the highest Nielsen ratings. The screenings did not bear the name of the film and relied on word-of-mouth within the fanbase for promotion. All screenings sold out in less than twenty-four hours, sometimes in as quickly as five minutes. The first screening was held May 5, 2005 in ten cities. The second screening on May 26 increased the number of cities to twenty. In the twenty-four hours following the announcement of the second screening, the Firefly fanbase launched trial and error efforts to uncover the theaters holding the screenings, leading the event to be sold out before the official listing was released. The third screening on June 23 was held in thirty-five cities. A final screening was held at Comic-Con International, followed by a panel with Whedon and the cast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.791581153869629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" }, { "answer": "Firefly", "passage": "Serenity was released on Region 1 DVD, VHS, and UMD on December 20, 2005. The DVD ranked #3 in sales for the week ending December 25, 2005. Bonus features available on the DVD version audio commentary from Whedon, deleted scenes and outtakes, a short introduction by Whedon originally preluding the film at advance screenings, an easter egg on the creation of the Fruity Oaty Bar commercial, and three featurettes on the Firefly and Serenity universe, special effects, and the revival of the television series to film. Region 2 releases included an additional making-of featurette, and Region 4 releases included additional extended scenes, a tour of the set, a feature on cinematographer Jack Green, and a question and answer session with Whedon filmed after an advance screening in Australia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.544186115264893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serenity (film)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Honda Technologies", "HONDA", "Honda atv", "Honda Motor Company, Limited", "Honda Clio", "Honda Soltec", "Honda (automobile)", "Honda Outboard", "Honda Motor Co.", "Honda Motor Company Limited", "Honda Corporation", "Honda Verno", "Honda", "Honda Group", "Honda motorcycle", "本田", "Soltec", "Honda Motor Co., Ltd.", "Hero honda passion plus", "Cbr 150", "Honda Motor Company Inc.", "Honda motorcycles", "Honda Motor Company", "Honda Motor Co. Ltd.", "Honda 300ex", "Honda CL145", "Honda Motorcycles", "Honda Primo", "Honda Motor Manufacturing", "Honda Werther", "Honda Motor" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "honda werther", "本田", "soltec", "honda soltec", "honda motor manufacturing", "honda atv", "honda technologies", "honda corporation", "hero honda passion plus", "honda motorcycle", "honda motorcycles", "honda 300ex", "honda motor company", "honda primo", "honda group", "honda motor co ltd", "honda motor co", "honda verno", "honda clio", "honda motor company limited", "honda cl145", "honda outboard", "honda motor company inc", "cbr 150", "honda", "honda automobile", "honda motor" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "honda", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Honda" }

[ { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 1977, Honda announced plans to construct a motorcycle assembly plant in Marysville and eventually opened manufacturing plants on the far west side of the town in 1982. This caused the expansion of the U.S. Route 33.", "precise_score": 3.986572742462158, "rough_score": 0.8983522057533264, "source": "wiki", "title": "Marysville, Ohio" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Two Honda Motors plants are located in Marysville. The first production facilities opened by Honda in the United States were the Marysville Motorcycle Plant (1979) and the Marysville Auto Plant (1982), located about six miles (10 km) northwest of the city. The Marysville Auto Plant has been the leading producer of the Honda Accord since 1982. ", "precise_score": 5.021352291107178, "rough_score": 5.630068778991699, "source": "wiki", "title": "Marysville, Ohio" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The country is home to a number of companies that produce cars, construction vehicles, motorcycles, ATVs, and engines. Japanese automotive manufacturers include Toyota, Honda, Daihatsu, Nissan, Suzuki, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Isuzu, Kawasaki, Yamaha, and Mitsuoka.", "precise_score": -0.3632313907146454, "rough_score": -7.512280464172363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Automotive industry in Japan" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "During the 1960s, Japanese automakers launched a bevy of new kei cars in their domestic market; scooters and motorcycles remained dominant, with sales of 1.47 million in 1960 versus a mere 36,000 kei cars. These tiny automobiles usually featured very small engines (under 360cc, but were sometimes fitted with engines of up to 600cc for export) to keep taxes much lower than larger cars. The average person in Japan was now able to afford an automobile, which boosted sales dramatically and jumpstarted the auto industry toward becoming what it is today. The first of this new era, actually launched in 1958, was the Subaru 360. It was known as the \"Lady Beetle\", comparing its significance to the Volkswagen Beetle in Germany. Other significant models were the Suzuki Fronte, Mitsubishi Minica, Mazda Carol, and the Honda N360.", "precise_score": -2.6488139629364014, "rough_score": -4.410714149475098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Automotive industry in Japan" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Exports of passenger cars increased nearly twohundred-fold in the sixties compared to the previous decade, and were now up to 17.0 percent of the total production. This though, was still only the beginning. Rapidly increasing domestic demand and the expansion of Japanese car companies into foreign markets in the 1970s further accelerated growth. Effects of the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo accelerated vehicle exports along with the exchange rate of the Japanese yen to the U.S. Dollar, UK Pound, and West German Deutsche Mark. Passenger car exports rose from 100,000 in 1965 to 1,827,000 in 1975. Automobile production in Japan continued to increase rapidly after the 1970s, as Mitsubishi (as Dodge vehicles) and Honda began selling their vehicles in the US. Even more brands came to America and abroad during the 1970s, and by the 1980s, the Japanese manufacturers were gaining a major foothold in the US and world markets.", "precise_score": -2.2887051105499268, "rough_score": -5.130428314208984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Automotive industry in Japan" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "*1982 - Honda Accord becomes the first Japanese car built in the United States at Honda's Marysville, Ohio manufacturing facility", "precise_score": 7.744173049926758, "rough_score": 6.2659220695495605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Automotive industry in Japan" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 1982, the Accord became the first car from a Japanese manufacturer to be produced in the United States when production commenced in Marysville, Ohio at Honda's Marysville Auto Plant. The Accord has achieved considerable success, especially in the United States, where it was the best-selling Japanese car for fifteen years (1982–97), topping its class in sales in 1991 and 2001, with around ten million vehicles sold. Numerous road tests, past and present, rate the Accord as one of the world's most reliable vehicles. The Accord has been on the Car and Driver 10Best list a record 30 times. ", "precise_score": 7.953169822692871, "rough_score": 7.928585529327393, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The first generation Honda Accord was launched on 7 May 1976 as a three-door hatchback with 68 hp, a wheelbase, and a weight of about 2,000 pounds. Japanese market cars claimed 80 PS JIS (similar to SAE Gross), while European and other export markets received a model without emissions control equipment; it claimed 80 PS as well but according to the stricter DIN norm. It was a platform expansion of the earlier Honda Civic at 4125 mm long. To comply with recently enacted emission regulations enacted in Japan, the engine was fitted with Honda's CVCC technology. The Accord sold well due to its moderate size and great fuel economy. It was one of the first Japanese sedans with features like cloth seats, a tachometer, intermittent wipers, and an AM/FM radio as standard equipment. In 1978 an LX version of the hatchback was added which came with air conditioning, a digital clock, and power steering. Until the Accord, and the closely related Prelude, power steering had not been available to cars under two litres. Japanese buyers were liable for slightly more annual road tax over the smaller Civic, which had a smaller engine.", "precise_score": -6.80531644821167, "rough_score": -5.806549549102783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Debuting on 22 September 1981 in Japan, Europe, and in North America, this generation of the Accord being produced in Japan, became the first to also be built in the U.S., at Honda's plant in Marysville, Ohio. Since its first year in the American market, it also became the best-selling Japanese nameplate in the U.S., holding that position for about 15 years. In Japan, a sister model called the Honda Vigor was launched simultaneously with the new Accord. This allowed Honda to sell the product at different sales channels called Honda Clio, which sold the Accord, and Honda Verno, that sold the Vigor.", "precise_score": 5.9485859870910645, "rough_score": 5.4512715339660645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "On 24 May 1984, it was one of the first Japanese engineered vehicles to offer computer controlled, fuel-injection with one injector per cylinder, also known as multiple port fuel injection on the ES series 1.8 L engine, known as Honda's Programmed Fuel Injection, or PGM-FI.", "precise_score": -2.684353828430176, "rough_score": -7.4840288162231445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "By 1983, the Accords sold in the eastern U.S. were produced at the new Marysville plant, with quality considered equal to those produced in Japan. In late 1983, for the 1984 model year, the Accord body was restyled with a slightly downward beveled nose; and, the slightly more powerful ES2 1829 cc CVCC powerplant was used, yielding 86 bhp. The redesign in late 1983 is often called the second series of the second generation. Honda integrated rear side marker lights and reflectors into the side of the tail light units. European Accords now included a side turn signal repeater just behind each front wheel well. The U.S. requirement for standardized headlamps was rescinded in late 1983, but North American Accords continued to use sealed beams until the 1989 fourth-generation models were released.", "precise_score": 1.4139928817749023, "rough_score": 1.6849218606948853, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Throughout the different markets, in addition to the sedan model the Accord was available with different bodystyles which included a three-door hatchback, a three-door shooting-brake called Accord Aerodeck, and a two-door coupé which was added in 1987 for the 1988 model year. The three-door hatchback was not available outside of US and Canada, where the Aerodeck was not marketed. The coupé, which was built exclusively in Honda's Marysville, Ohio factory, was \"reverse exported\" back to Japan where it was known as the US-Coupé CA6.", "precise_score": -3.080357789993286, "rough_score": -3.7856781482696533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "This was one of the first U.S. production cars to feature optic reflectors with completely clear lenses on the headlamps. The styling reflected influences from the flagship Honda Legend (sold in North America as an Acura), as Japanese Accords were now sold at Honda Clio dealerships, where the Legend, and the Honda Inspire, were sold. The growing popularity of the Accord internationally was evident in the ever increasing dimensions, which now matched almost exactly with the first generation Legend introduced in 1986.", "precise_score": -3.0512468814849854, "rough_score": -4.163880348205566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In early 1990 for the 1991 model year, Honda unveiled the Accord wagon, manufactured at the Marysville, Ohio plant. The Ohio plant exported right-hand drive wagons and coupes to Europe and Japan, and in Europe the station wagon (estate) was called the \"Aerodeck\" (in reference to the 1985–1989 2-door vehicle). All station wagons sold outside the United States were afixed with a small badge on the \"C\" pillar denoting the vehicle was built at the Ohio facility. European and Japanese vehicles had options not available within the U.S. including automatic climate control systems, power seats and several other minor features. The Accord Wagons were available from November 1990, only in LX and EX trim in North America or just 2.2i in Japan. They had larger front brakes to compensate for the added weight and unlike other U.S. Accords, included a driver's side airbag as standard equipment. Other than a retractable tonneau cover in the rear cargo area and keyless entry on EX models, the wagons were equipped the same as their coupe and sedan counterparts. ", "precise_score": 2.3822731971740723, "rough_score": 5.242321014404297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The 5th generation North American Accord was launched on 9 September 1993 and was based on the new 'CD' chassis. Larger than its predecessor, primarily to better suit the requirements of the North American market, the new model grew in width but shrunk in length, leaving it classified as a mid-size car in North America. It thus became too wide to fit within the favorable tax bracket in Japan, where its role was to be partially taken over by the slightly narrower second-generation Honda Ascot (sold at Honda Primo Japanese dealerships) and Honda Rafaga (sold at Honda Verno). Previous generations of the Accord sold in Japan were limited to a width dimension of 1695 mm while international models were slightly wider, however this generation no longer complied. The engines offered with the Accord also exceeded the maximum limit of 2000cc to remain in the favorable \"compact\" tax bracket. The installation of a 2.0 litre engine in Japanese models made buyers liable for more annual road tax over the smaller 1.8-litre engine, which affected sales.", "precise_score": -7.833713054656982, "rough_score": -7.466615200042725, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Japan-built SiR sedan (94–97) was available with a 5-speed manual transmission as standard equipment or an optional \"Grade-Logic\" four-speed automatic transmission. The Honda of America-built (HAM) Accord SiR coupe and then the 1997 SiR wagon had the \"Grade-Logic\" four-speed automatic transmission as standard equipment (5-speed manual transmission were not available for these two models). It came with cloth sport seats styled similar to the Prelude or optional leather seats, both exclusive to the SiR. The SiR also had some power options found on the Accord EX. The Accord SiR coupe (94–97) and the Accord SiR wagon (1997) were exclusively available for the Japanese market. SiR chassis codes for the sedan were the CD6, the coupe-CD8 and the 1997 wagon-CF2 (production began on September 1996 for the 1997 SiR wagons which lasted for almost one year). The Accord SiR Coupe and the Accord SiR wagon (1997)which were exclusively built in the U.S.A at Honda's Marysville Ohio plant (HAM) but were marketed for Japan export only for this particular model was not offered in North America. ", "precise_score": -6.397029876708984, "rough_score": -2.754654884338379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Japanese models, introduced 4 September 1997, became narrower than the previous generation, returning to the favorable compact car tax bracket, except for Euro R and wagon, which were classified as the larger mid-sized classification. A nearly identical sister car, the Honda Torneo, replaced the previous Honda Ascot and the Honda Rafaga in Japan, which was sold at both Honda Verno and Honda Primo Japanese dealerships, while the Accord remained at Honda Clio locations. This was the last generation that was badge engineered as the Isuzu Aska.", "precise_score": -7.434937953948975, "rough_score": -7.174344062805176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The American Accord was only available in sedan and coupe form, becoming the largest Accord to date, sharing a platform with the Japan-market Honda Inspire/Acura TL. While previous generations of the Coupe were considered two-door versions of the sedan, the 1998 Coupe was the first to be given an exclusive front fascia, rear tail lights (which resemble those found on the NSX), wheels, and many other body panels, and was now marketed as a somewhat separate model, the \"Accord Coupe\", to set it away from the more family-oriented sedan version. It also allowed the Coupe, which was exported to other markets, to fit in more easily with the local Accord versions. The tail light appearance was duplicated on the Japanese market Honda Domani for the second generation of production. The coupe's design was styled by Don Herner and directed by lead designer Eric Schumaker into August 1995 in Torrance, CA. It was later scanned as a clay model and transferred to engineering in August 1995 at Honda R&D in Raymond, Ohio. It was developed by Honda engineer Laura Minor into production form until January 1996, being then developed into prototypes for testing. ", "precise_score": -7.148004531860352, "rough_score": -5.062391757965088, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The 1998 Accord was also assembled in New Zealand at the very end of overall CKD car production due to the abolition of import tariffs on built cars which made local assembly uneconomic. 1,200 examples of the car (the mid-sized U.S. sedan version) were built before the Honda New Zealand factory was closed; the very first Honda-owned factory operation to be closed down) and the equipment (which included a paint shop acquired from Nissan when that automaker closed its Australian manufacturing unit in 1994) was shipped to other Honda assembly units, mainly in Asia. Small numbers of Accords were imported (right hand drive) from the U.S. before sourcing switched to Thailand once Accord assembly began there. The Thai factory continues to supply New Zealand with the latest generation Accord and now also ships that line and other Honda models to Australia and elsewhere in South East Asia.", "precise_score": -3.9253602027893066, "rough_score": -4.272337436676025, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Concerns over airbag safety plague the Japanese automaker. The company announced it was recalling vehicles citing driver's airbags that deploy with too much force during collisions. Honda says 2,430 faulty airbags were installed as repairs to customer vehicles after a collision. But since the company cannot accurately track down which Honda received the flawed airbags, Honda broadened its search to include the 2001–2001 Accord. Since November 2008, Honda has recalled some 1.7 million of its cars for airbag concerns. At its last similar expanded recall in February 2010, Honda said the too-powerful airbags have been involved in 12 incidents, including one fatality. ", "precise_score": -8.10853385925293, "rough_score": -7.261518478393555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The North American Accord grew in size yet again, becoming a vastly different car than its Japanese and European counterpart. This generation was available in both coupe and sedan forms, while a hybrid model was introduced in early 2005. For 2006, it was significantly updated. This generation Accord was the first to use wheels with five lug nuts instead of the traditional four on 4-cylinder models. The 4-cylinder version came with 161 hp and 160 lbft (166 hp and 161 lbft for 2005–2007 models) K24A1 2397 cc 4 cyl engine mated to a 5-speed automatic or 5-speed manual. The 4-cylinder engine also utilized a timing chain instead of a timing belt. For 2003, Honda began to offer a more aggressive Accord Coupe, equipped with the 240 hp and 212 lbft (244 hp and 211 lbft for 2006–2007 models) J30A4 2997cc V6 mated to a 6-speed manual transmission borrowed from the Acura TL Type S (without a limited slip differential). This coupe came with 17-inch wheels (that varied between the 03-05 and 06-07 models), strut tower bar, perforated leather seating, carbon fiber dash pieces, and an upgraded 180 watt stereo system. Because of the ability to maintain activation of the VTEC system all the way through hard acceleration, the Accord EX V6 6-speed ran from 0–60 MPH in just 5.9 seconds according to Car and Driver, more than a second faster than the automatic version. For 2006, Honda offered this engine and transmission combination in the sedan, which only lasted through 2007.", "precise_score": -9.072521209716797, "rough_score": -6.87241268157959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda revealed the Accord Coupe Concept at the 2012 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. In August 2012, the company released initial details pertaining to the 2013 Accord sedan, and production versions of both the sedan and coupe were fully unveiled in early September 2012. The Accord sedan went on sale on 19 September 2012 in the United States, with the coupe following on 15 October. Corresponding release dates in Canada for the sedan and coupe models are 24 September 2012 and 1 November 2012, respectively. In February 2013, the Accord was scheduled to enter the Russian market. In June 2013, the Accord hybrid and plug-in hybrid were introduced to the Japanese market, with the discontinuation of the Honda Inspire, serving as Honda's large sedan and one level below the Honda Legend.", "precise_score": -8.4890775680542, "rough_score": -6.015773773193359, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In September 2012 Honda announced that the 2014 model year Accord Plug-in Hybrid sedan will be built in Sayama, Japan. Honda also explained the plug-in will be available in a single highly equipped trim level based on the standard features of the Accord Touring. The 2014 Accord Plug-in Hybrid is scheduled for release in early 2013, and it will serve as the basis for the conventional hybrid version of the Accord Sedan that will go on sale by mid-2013. The production version will feature a 6.7 kWh lithium-ion battery pack to power a 124 kW electric motor mated with the new Earth Dreams i-VTEC 2.0-liter 4-cylinder Atkinson-cycle gasoline engine producing 137 hp (102 kW) at 6200 rpm, and together the total system output is 196 hp (146 kW), which surpasses that of the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid (134 hp), Chevrolet Volt (149 hp) and future Ford Fusion Energi plug-in hybrid. ", "precise_score": -9.44168758392334, "rough_score": -7.359626293182373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001. Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind General Motors, Volkswagen Group, Toyota, Hyundai Motor Group, Ford, Nissan, and PSA Peugeot Citroën in 2011. ", "precise_score": -3.472998857498169, "rough_score": -7.569392681121826, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986. Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products. Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000. They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012. Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "precise_score": -1.4719537496566772, "rough_score": -2.671032190322876, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development. Also in 2013, Honda became the first Japanese automaker to be a net exporter to the United States, exporting 108,705 Honda and Acura models, while importing only 88,357. ", "precise_score": 1.5537840127944946, "rough_score": -2.8278636932373047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Tōkai Seiki was placed under control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (called the Ministry of Munitions after 1943) at the start of World War II, and Soichiro Honda was demoted from president to senior managing director after Toyota took a 40% stake in the company. Honda also aided the war effort by assisting other companies in automating the production of military aircraft propellers. The relationships Honda cultivated with personnel at Toyota, Nakajima Aircraft Company and the Imperial Japanese Navy would be instrumental in the postwar period. A US B-29 bomber attack destroyed Tōkai Seiki's Yamashita plant in 1944, and the Itawa plant collapsed in the 1945 Mikawa earthquake, and Soichiro Honda sold the salvageable remains of the company to Toyota after the war for ¥450,000, and used the proceeds to found the Honda Technical Research Institute in October 1946. With a staff of 12 men working in a 16 m2 shack, they built and sold improvised motorized bicycles, using a supply of 500 two-stroke 50 cc Tohatsu war surplus radio generator engines. When the engines ran out, Honda began building their own copy of the Tohatsu engine, and supplying these to customers to attach their bicycles. This was the Honda A-Type, nicknamed the Bata Bata for the sound the engine made. In 1949, the Honda Technical Research Institute was liquidated for 1,000,000, or about 5,000 today; these funds were used to incorporate Honda Motor Co., Ltd. At about the same time Honda hired engineer Kihachiro Kawashima, and Takeo Fujisawa who provided indispensable business and marketing expertise to complement Soichiro Honda's technical bent. The close partnership between Soichiro Honda and Fujisawa lasted until they stepped down together in October 1973.", "precise_score": -5.628744125366211, "rough_score": -6.185001850128174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The first production automobile from Honda was the T360 mini pick-up truck, which went on sale in August 1963. Powered by a small 356-cc straight-4 gasoline engine, it was classified under the cheaper Kei car tax bracket. The first production car from Honda was the S500 sports car, which followed the T360 into production in October 1963. Its chain-driven rear wheels pointed to Honda's motorcycle origins. ", "precise_score": -4.5169148445129395, "rough_score": -6.2684125900268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "CEO Tadashi Kume was succeeded by Nobuhiko Kawamoto in 1990. Kawamoto was selected over Shoichiro Irimajiri, who oversaw the successful establishment of Honda of America Manufacturing, Inc. in Marysville, Ohio. Both Kawamoto and Irimajiri shared a friendly rivalry within Honda, and Irimajiri would resign in 1992 due to health issues.", "precise_score": 3.077430486679077, "rough_score": -6.492602348327637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Following the death of Soichiro Honda and the departure of Irimajiri, Honda found itself quickly being outpaced in product development by other Japanese automakers and was caught off-guard by the truck and sport utility vehicle boom of the 1990s, all which took a toll on the profitability of the company. Japanese media reported in 1992 and 1993 that Honda was at serious risk of an unwanted and hostile takeover by Mitsubishi Motors, who at the time was a larger automaker by volume and flush with profits from their successful Pajero and Diamante.", "precise_score": -3.5732674598693848, "rough_score": -5.190138339996338, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Following the Japanese earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 Honda announced plans to halve production at its UK plants. The decision was made to put staff at the Swindon plant on a 2-day week until the end of May as the manufacturer struggled to source supplies from Japan. It's thought around 22,500 cars were produced during this period.", "precise_score": -4.552204132080078, "rough_score": -6.230798721313477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda's automotive manufacturing ambitions can be traced back to 1963, with the Honda T360, a kei car truck built for the Japanese market. This was followed by the two-door roadster, the Honda S500 also introduced in 1963. In 1965, Honda built a two-door commercial delivery van, called the Honda L700. Honda's first four-door sedan was not the Accord, but the air-cooled, four-cylinder, gasoline-powered Honda 1300 in 1969. The Civic was a hatchback that gained wide popularity internationally, but it wasn't the first two-door hatchback built. That was the Honda N360, another Kei car that was adapted for international sale as the N600. The Civic, which appeared in 1972 and replaced the N600 also had a smaller sibling that replaced the air-cooled N360, called the Honda Life that was water-cooled.", "precise_score": -4.7795820236206055, "rough_score": -5.284887313842773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "As Honda entered into automobile manufacturing in the late 1960s, where Japanese manufacturers such as Toyota and Nissan had been making cars since before WWII, it appears that Honda instilled a sense of doing things a little differently than its Japanese competitors. Its mainstay products, like the Accord and Civic (with the exception of its USA-market 1993–97 Passport which was part of a vehicle exchange program with Isuzu (part of the Subaru-Isuzu joint venture)), have always employed front-wheel-drive powertrain implementation, which is currently a long held Honda tradition. Honda also installed new technologies into their products, first as optional equipment, then later standard, like anti lock brakes, speed sensitive power steering, and multi-port fuel injection in the early 1980s. This desire to be the first to try new approaches is evident with the creation of the first Japanese luxury chain Acura, and was also evident with the all aluminum, mid-engined sports car, the Honda NSX, which also introduced variable valve timing technology, Honda calls VTEC.", "precise_score": -2.4017281532287598, "rough_score": -6.125023365020752, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Civic is a line of compact cars developed and manufactured by Honda. In North America, the Civic is the second-longest continuously running nameplate from a Japanese manufacturer; only its perennial rival, the Toyota Corolla, introduced in 1968, has been in production longer. The Civic, along with the Accord and Prelude, comprised Honda's vehicles sold in North America until the 1990s, when the model lineup was expanded. Having gone through several generational changes, the Civic has become larger and more upmarket, and it currently slots between the Fit and Accord.", "precise_score": -6.9473724365234375, "rough_score": -4.593660354614258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda is the largest motorcycle manufacturer in Japan and has been since it started production in 1955.", "precise_score": -3.945197582244873, "rough_score": -7.12509298324585, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The all-electric Honda EV Plus was introduced in 1997 as a result of CARB's zero-emissions vehicle mandate and was available only for leasing in California. The EV plus was the first battery electric vehicle from a major automaker with non-lead–acid batteries The EV Plus had an all-electric range of 100 mi. Around 276 units were sold in the U.S. and production ended in 1999. See Appendix E: Table E.1, pp. 124", "precise_score": -6.473820209503174, "rough_score": -6.546904563903809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The all-electric Honda Fit EV was introduced in 2012 and has a range of . The all-electric car was launched in the U.S. to retail customers in July 2012 with initial availability limited to California and Oregon. Production is limited to only 1,100 units over the first three years. A total of 1,007 units have been leased in the U.S. through September 2014. See the section: December 2012 Plug-in Electric Car Sales Numbers The Fit EV was released in Japan through leasing to local government and corporate customers in August 2012. Availability in the Japanese market is limited to 200 units during its first two years. In July 2014 Honda announced the end of production of the Fit EV for the 2015 model.", "precise_score": -6.4647603034973145, "rough_score": -4.233440399169922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Starting in 1978, Honda in Japan decided to diversify its sales distribution channels, and created Honda Verno, which sold established products with a higher content of standard equipment and a more sporting nature. The establishment of Honda Verno coincided with its new sports compact, called the Honda Prelude. Later, the Honda Vigor, the Honda Ballade, and the Honda Quint were added to Honda Verno stores. This approach was implemented due to efforts in place by rival Japanese automakers Toyota and Nissan.", "precise_score": -4.481715679168701, "rough_score": -7.352255821228027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, consumers worldwide (especially in the lucrative U.S. market) began turning to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand, the company built new factories in Mexico (Nissan Mexicana was established in the early 1960s and commenced manufacturing since 1966 at their Cuernavaca assembly facility, making it their first North American assembly plant), Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, United States (Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA was established in 1980) and South Africa. The \"Chicken Tax\" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on commercial vans imported to the United States. In response, Nissan, Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the U.S. in the early 1980s. Nissan's initial assembly plant, in Smyrna, Tennessee (which broke ground in 1980), at first built only trucks such as the 720 and Hardbody, but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the Altima, Maxima, Xterra, Pathfinder and LEAF all-electric car. The addition of mass-market automobiles was in response to the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraints imposed by the U.S. Government. An engine plant in Decherd, Tennessee followed, most recently a second assembly plant was established in Canton, Mississippi. In 1970, Teocar was created, which was a Greek assembly plant created in cooperation with Theoharakis. It was situated in Volos, Greece and its geographical location was perfect as the city had a major port. The plant started production in 1980, assembling Datsun pick-up trucks and continued with the Nissan Cherry & Sunny vehicles. Until May 1995 170,000 vehicles were made, mainly for Greece.", "precise_score": 1.0086452960968018, "rough_score": -0.7881818413734436, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nissan" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "* Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Nissan have a 50-50% joint venture called Venucia, and another 50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Motor Company. Dongfeng and PSA Group have a 50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroen, a 50-50% joint venture with Honda called Dongfeng Honda, a joint venture with AB Volvo called Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel, a 50-50% joint venture with Renault named Dongfeng Renault in Wuhan, which was founded in the end of 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.796826362609863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Automotive industry" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Marysville is home to several research and development operations. Nestlé, located on the west side of the city, has a Product Technology Center dedicated to ready-to-drink mixes. Scotts Miracle Gro also has their R&D operations located on their corporate campus on the eastside. The Transportation Research Center, a state-of-the-art facility dedicated to transportation research, is located a few miles from Marysville in East Liberty near the Honda manufacturing campus. A unit of Univenture, Algae Venture Systems, recently made a breakthrough by developing a process to produce algae as a cost-effective biofuel. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.005084037780762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Marysville, Ohio" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "*1963 - Honda's 1st production car (Honda S500)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.245932579040527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Automotive industry in Japan" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "*1986 - Acura is launched in the US by Honda", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.459354400634766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Automotive industry in Japan" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989. The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.828941345214844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially. It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1981, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon. By the Accord's sixth generation in the 1990s, it evolved into an intermediate vehicle, with one basic platform but with different bodies and proportions to increase its competitiveness against its rivals in different international markets. For the eighth generation of the Accord released for the North America market in 2007, Honda had again chosen to move the model further up-scale and increase its size. This pushed the Accord sedan from the upper limit of what the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines as a mid-size car", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.721851348876953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "After a period of developing idiosyncratic automobiles such as the Honda 1300 that met a lukewarm response in both Japan and North America, Honda considered pulling out of automobile manufacturing altogether by the early 1970s. However, Honda released a more conventional automobile in 1972 called the \"Civic\" which immediately reversed their flagging fortunes due to its economy, reliability and low cost in an era of rising fuel prices. Honda's CVCC technology, which would be later used in the Accord helped Honda meet emission standards of the 1970s and early 1980s without the added expense of a catalytic converter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.366825103759766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Buoyed by their success with the Civic, Honda turned their sights to developing a larger companion model. For the new model, Honda chose the name \"Accord\", reflecting \"Honda's desire for accord and harmony between people, society and the automobile.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.012092590332031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Soichiro Honda was the owner of a 1969 Pontiac Firebird, to which the Accord's predecessor, the Honda 1300, bore a striking frontal resemblance. Initial planning done by Honda for what would become the Accord was for a sporty competitor in the pony car market, at roughly the size of a contemporary Ford Mustang, powered by a six-cylinder engine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.451278686523438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "With the continuing fuel crisis and tighter emissions regulations surrounding the automotive market, Honda engineers changed their focus on the Accord as a Mustang competitor, and built upon the Civic's successful formula of economy, fuel efficiency and a front-wheel drive layout in a larger package. A December 1975 issue of Motor Trend Magazine had a drawing of a new Honda automobile which was similar in shape to the Volkswagen Scirocco but powered with a CVCC engine used in the Civic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.007691383361816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 1983, Honda upgraded the automatic transmission to a four-speed, a major improvement over the earlier, three-speed transmission. The manual five-speed transmission remained unchanged. A new 192 km/h speedometer replaced the earlier 136 km/h unit. The Special Edition (SE) featured Novillo leather seating, power windows, power sunroof and door locks. Gray was added as a color option. A slightly modified EK-2 engine was introduced, replacing the earlier EK-1. Still carbureted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.920693397521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 1985, the Special Edition returned as the SE-i, capitalizing on the final year of the second generation's production. A fuel-injected, 110 bhp non-CVCC ES3 engine was exclusive to this model. The moniker, SE-i, was adapted from the SE trim, but included the \"-i\" to signify the higher trim level's fuel-injected engine. This 12-valve, 1829 cc engine was the first non-CVCC engine used in an Accord, and was the same basic engine design used by Honda until 1989. Like the previous SE trim in 1983, the SE-i featured Novillo leather seating, power moonroof, bronze tinted glass, a premium sound system with cassette, and 13-inch alloy wheels. The level of luxury equipment on the SE-i was essentially items that were installed on the Honda Vigor VTL-i, that was only sold in Japan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.550435066223145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The third generation Accord was introduced in Japan on 4 June 1985 and in Europe and North America later that year. It had a very striking exterior design styled by Toshi Oshika in 1983, that resonated well with buyers internationally. One notable feature was the hidden headlamps. Because this generation was also sold as the Honda Vigor, the Accord received the hidden headlamps. Honda's Japanese dealership channel called Honda Verno all had styling elements that helped identify products only available at Honda Verno. As a result, Japanese market Accords had a Honda Verno styling feature, but were sold at newly established Japanese dealerships Honda Clio with the all-new, luxury Honda Legend sedan, and international Accords were now visually aligned with the Prelude, the CR-X, and the new Integra. Accords of this generation for the European market did not have the concealled headlamps.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.895223617553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The third generation Accord became the first Honda to employ double wishbones at both the front and rear ends. While more expensive than competitors' MacPherson strut systems, this setup provided better stability and sharper handling for the vehicle. All had front sway bars and upper models had rear sway bars as well. Brakes were either small all-wheel discs with twin-piston calipers (only available on the Japanese-market 2.0-Si model), larger all-wheel discs with single piston calipers, or a front disc/rear drum system. ABS was available as an option on the 4-wheel disc brake models, though not in North America. Base model Accords rode on 13-inch steel wheels with hubcaps with more expensive models having the option of 14-inch alloy wheels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.34337329864502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Accord's trim levels ranged from spartan to luxurious. In the Japanese home market, the Accord was available with a full power package, heated mirrors (optional), a digital instrument cluster (optional), sunroof (optional), cruise control, and climate control (which was also optional). Some North European export models also had heated front seats and head light washers. North American and Australian Accords were not available with most of these options, presumably (and in the U.S. in particular) because Honda was seen as a builder of economy cars, and not to cannibalize sales from the recently introduced Acura line.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.316604614257812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The third-generation Accord was sold in Japan, Europe and New Zealand as a three-door hatchback with a flat roof over the rear seats, known in Europe as a shooting-brake. The bodystyle of a flat roof hatchback was also used on the third generation Honda Civic (third generation) subcompact, the second generation Honda City supermini and the first generation Honda Today kei car. The Honda CR-X was the only three-door hatchback that adopted a fastback, sloping rear hatch \"kammback\" appearance, demonstrating a performance car appearance identified with Honda Verno products during the mid-1980s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.032905578613281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In North America, the Accord Coupe was offered instead, and the popularity of the coupe showed to win out over the AeroDeck, and upon the coupe's introduction in Japan and Europe in 1987, the AeroDeck was cancelled due to lack of sales at the end of the generation's production. The \"Aerodeck\" name was reused on the Honda Civic 5-door stationwagon (estate), sold in the UK from 1996 to 2000. In parts of Continental Europe, the Accord 4-door station wagon (estate) was also called the Accord Aerodeck from 1990 until 2008, when the name of the estate was renamed the \"Accord Tourer\". The Aero Deck was only available in Japan at Honda Clio dealerships as a variation of the Accord.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.02196216583252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The cargo handling abilities of the AeroDeck were ceded to the fourth generation Accord station wagon (estate) in 1990. The AeroDeck was unique to the Accord model line, as the AeroDeck was not available as a Honda Vigor, as the Accord and Vigor were mechanically identical. The AeroDeck returned an aerodynamic value of .34, and the 2600 mm wheelbase returned a spacious interior for both front and rear passengers, on par with a mid-size sedan. Unfortunately, the appearance was not well received in Japan, as the introduction of the Accord Coupe was more well liked. The appearance was more popular in the United Kingdom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.252744674682617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "For this fourth generation Accord, Honda made significant engineering design improvements. All Accords sold in North America came with a completely new all aluminium 2.2-liter 16-valve electronic fuel-injected engine standard, replacing the previous 2.0-liter 12-valve model from the past generation. Also noteworthy, all Accords equipped with automatic transmissions used an electronically controlled rear engine mount to reduce low frequency noise and vibration. The mount contained two fluid filled chambers separated by a computer controlled valve. At low engine speeds, fluid is routed through the valve damping vibration. Above 850 rpm, fluid is routed around the valve making the engine mount stiffer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11068344116211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In the U.S., the LX-i and SE-i designations were dropped, being replaced with the DX, LX, and EX trim levels. The Canadian Accord trim levels varied slightly from the U.S. models with LX, EX and EX-R roughly corresponding to the American DX, LX, and EX, respectively. Fourth generation Japanese-assembled EXi Accords sold in Australia offered the same 4-wheel steering technology as was available optionally on the U.S. Honda Prelude, but was not included on the New Zealand-assembled versions. The four-wheel steering system was also available on the Accord's Japanese platform mate, called the Honda Ascot FTBi. U.S. Accord Coupes were available in the same DX, LX, and EX trims as the U.S. Accord Sedan (LX, EX, and EX-R in Canada).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.34724235534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda reintroduced the SE (previously SE-i) sedan for 1991. It returned to the lineup without the traditional Bose high powered audio system but with an AM/FM stereo cassette 4x20 watt EX audio system; leather-trimmed steering wheel, leather seats and door panels, a fuel-injected 140 hp engine, 4-speed automatic transmission, and ABS as standard equipment. For the first time, a manual transmission was not offered in the SE. Two colors were available: Solaris Silver Metallic with Graphite Black interior and Brittany Blue Metallic with Ivory interior. Unlike previous editions, the 1991 SE was not equipped with uniquely styled alloy wheels but instead carried the EX model wheels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.366411209106445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 1993, Honda introduced the 10th Anniversary Edition sedan to commemorate the 10th year of U.S. Accord production. The 10th Anniversary Edition was based on the Accord LX sedan but came equipped with several features not available in the LX trim. The upgrades included ABS, 4-wheel disc brakes, 15\" EX coupe six spoke alloy wheels, body colored side moldings, chin spoiler, and standard automatic transmission. Three colors were offered for the 10th Anniversary Edition: Frost White, Granada Black Pearl, and Arcadia Green Pearl. The 10th Anniversary models also included the same premium seat fabric found in EX models. The Frost White and Arcadia Green cars were paired with the same interior color as their LX/EX counterparts, Blue and Ivory, respectively. The Granada Black cars were paired with Gray interior, while the Granada Black EX had Ivory interior.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.854287147521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The SE returned in 1993 as both a sedan, and for the first time since the 1989 SE-i, as a coupe. The SE sedan featured standard dual front airbags; the first Accord to do so. An 8-button, 4-speaker Honda-Bose audio system, automatic transmission, leather trim, body colored bumper and body side moldings were standard. The SE coupe included a factory rear wing spoiler which differed slightly in design from the already available dealer installed accessory rear wing spoiler. In Canada, the SE came with heated front seats and heated side view mirrors. Both the sedan and coupe received distinctive 15-inch alloy wheels as well. All SE sedans during 1990–1991 and 1992–1993 were manufactured in Japan, while all SE coupes were produced in the U.S. The 1993 sedan was available in two colors: Cashmere Silver Metallic and Geneva Green Pearl, both with Ivory interior. The coupe was offered with two colors as well: Cashmere Silver Metallic and Atlantis Blue Pearl, both again with Ivory interior. Sadly, 1993 would be the swan song for the SE as an exclusive, high content, limited edition Accord model. Later generations would use a \"Special Edition\" designation rather than the previously used \"SE\" designation. These models were a combination of an Accord LX with several EX features similar to the 1993 10th Anniversary Edition LX.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.41674518585205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "At the end of the model life of the CB Accord, a \"pillared hardtop\" model called the Honda Ascot Innova was launched in Japan, based on the CB Accord chassis, but with a different, much more modern-styled body, taking cues from the 1992 Honda Prelude.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.484237670898438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda Ascot", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4002685546875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The 4th generation Accord spawned a sister model in 1989 called the Honda Ascot which, while mechanically identical to the Accord, featured unique sedan bodywork, although it bore a resemblance to the Accord. The Ascot was sold through the Honda Primo network in Japan while the Accord was distributed through the Honda Clio network.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.951811790466309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda Vigor and Honda Inspire", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11319351196289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Unlike previous generations of the Honda Vigor, which were simply upmarket versions of the Accord, the 3rd-generation 'CB5' model was spun off as a model in its own right and was based on a different platform which featured a longitudinal engine layout compared to the transverse set-up of the Accord. A sister model to the Vigor, the Honda Inspire, was also unveiled in 1989 and, bar a different front grille, front and rear lights and bumpers, sported identical bodywork. The Vigor was available in the USA and Canada under the Acura brand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.762483596801758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "For the first time in the model's history, Honda developed two distinct versions of the Accord when the 5th generation model was launched in 1993; one version for the European market and one for the North American and Japanese market. Honda and the Rover Group created the European Accord and the Rover 600, a reflection of the past success they had with the Honda Legend and the Rover 800. This generation Accord was also sold in Japan as the Isuzu Aska, while some Isuzu products were sold as Honda products there also.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.636466979980469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda of Japan marketed four different size engines in the Japan-Spec Accord Sedan:1.8, 2.0, 2.2 VTEC and 2.2 DOHC VTEC. The Japanese-spec Accord models were marketed as the following: EF, EX, 2.0EX, 2.0EXL, 2.2VTE, 2.2VTL, 2.2VTS and SiR. All Accord versions were sold at Honda Clio locations in Japan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.165024757385254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The DX, LX and EX models remained the American trim lines while Canada retained the LX, EX and EX-R. The 5-speed manual transmission remained mostly unchanged, while the 4-speed automatic noted for its hard shifts, now included Honda's \"Grade-Logic\" shift program, which would prevent \"gear-hunting\" by holding the current gear while driving on a sloped incline. All Accord models received a more ergonomic interior with standard safety features such as dual airbags and reinforced side-impact beams. Exclusive to the EX was the F22B1 SOHC VTEC version of previous generation 2.2-liter 4-cylinder (making 145 hp up from 140 hp on the previous generation EX), anti-lock brakes (now an option for the LX), 4-wheel disc brakes, 15-inch alloy wheels, and a rear stabilizer bar. Leather was an option in the EX trim with leather equipped models now being referred to as EX-L. DX and LX models came equipped similarly to the previous generation and were fitted with a revised version of the previous generation's 2.2-liter non-VTEC 4-cylinder engine. This F22B2 engine was rated at 130 hp up from 125 hp the previous generation. The Accord was again named Motor Trend Import Car of the Year for 1994. The Accord coupe as in the previous generation looked almost exactly like the sedan, and was the last generation of the Accord to offer a wagon variant in North America until the introduction of the Accord Crosstour in 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.650708198547363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 1995, the Accord underwent the usual mid-generation facelift for 1996. More rounded bumpers, a slightly modified front fascia (which was originally exclusive in the V6 models in 1995) with new signal lights and rear taillights gave the Accord a softer look. All Hondas now complied with the federal government's requirement of OBD II engine diagnostics though all three engine choices remained the same. In order to increase the Accord's competitiveness against its rivals in different international markets, Honda CEO Nobuhiko Kawamoto decided on one basic platform for the sixth-generation Accord, but with different bodies and proportions for local markets. In the U.S., the 1996 model lineup included the 25th Anniversary Edition, a model positioned between the DX and LX. The Special Edition trim package was introduced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.197134971618652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "For the 1997 model year, Honda released the \"Special Edition\" version of the Accord (not to be confused with the SE). It was offered in three colors: Heather Mist Metallic, San Marino Red and Dark Currant Pearl. The Special Edition received a factory installed security system with keyless entry, single-disc CD player, body colored side molding, distinctive alloy wheels and a sunroof. It was offered in an automatic transmission only and was fitted with the same engine as the LX. Acclaimed for its handling, the 1996 Accord has been known as one of the best handling Japanese midsized sedans of all time, posting impressive lateral g figures of up to .89 g's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.257338523864746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In New Zealand, the 5th generation Accord was assembled at Honda's manufacturing site in Nelson and was released in March 1994. It was available in LXi, EXi and EXi-S trim levels. A facelift was released in December 1995, which coincided with the release of VTEC engines in the upper-spec models. Trim levels were LXi, VTi, and VTi-S. These were the first NZ-market Accords to have airbags – two in the VTi-S, one in the VTi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.992229461669922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "This generation of Accord is one of the most frequently stolen cars in the U.S. with the 1994 model being stolen more frequently than its siblings. The Acura Integra and Honda civic are also popular targets for car theft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.426477432250977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda Accord SiR (1994–1997)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207470893859863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda of Japan produced three high-performance models of the Accord for the Japanese domestic market referred to as the SiR, which was available for sale at Honda Clio dealerships in Japan. The sports car approach to the Accord SiR was aimed at aligning the Accord with the Honda Verno sports sedan that replaced the Vigor, called the Honda Saber a platform mate shared with the Honda Inspire. The compact sedan role the Accord previously filled was now relegated to the Honda Rafaga and Ascot. The Accord SiR models came equipped with the Japan-spec H22A DOHC VTEC engine instead of the F22B1 SOHC VTEC engine found in the EX. The Japan-spec H22A DOHC VTEC engine specs were 190 bhp at 6800 rpm; peak torque 152 lbft at 5500 rpm with a compression ratio of 10.6:1. The Japan-spec H22A DOHC VTEC engine was similar to the H22A1 engine found in the North America market used in the Prelude DOHC VTEC of the same era. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.09281063079834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Accord SiR Coupe and then Accord SiR wagon were built with the Japan-spec H22A DOHC VTEC powertrains which were shipped from Japan and were installed into the HAM-built Accord SiR models. The 1994–1997 \"CD\" Accord chassis was designed for the H22A DOHC VTEC powertrain to be installed; because the firewall was curved at the top to allow more space for the tilting backwards of the H22A DOHC VTEC engine near the middle of the firewall. The H22A DOHC VTEC engine was the most powerful inline four-cylinder engine Honda built for the Prelude and the Accord before the 1995 U.S.-spec V6 sedan. The Accord SiR suspension was improved with stiffer front sway bar(27.2mmXt4.0 mm), stiffer rear sway bar (16 mm), stiffer front coil springs and stiffer rear coil springs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.671462059020996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "File:Honda Accord wagon -- 04-10-2011.jpg|Accord Wagon LX (U.S.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.159067153930664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "File:1994-1995 Honda Accord coupe -- 03-21-2012.JPG|1994–1995 Accord coupé (U.S.A.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.054110527038574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "File:1996-1997 Honda Accord coupe -- 03-21-2012.JPG|1996–1997 Accord coupé (U.S.A.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.060873031616211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "File:Honda Accord (fifth generation, first facelift) (rear), Serdang.jpg|Fifth generation Accord (Malaysia/South East Asia)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.835840225219727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The 5th generation Accord for the European market was unveiled in 1993 and was not related directly to the North American 'CD' Accord. It was in fact the Japanese-market Honda Ascot Innova which was based on the previous 4th generation 'CB' Accord. It was the result of a joint effort with the Rover Group that provided Rover with the 600 series. The exterior was designed by Shigeo Ueno in 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.736869812011719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 1996, the European Accord received a minor facelift and was given a new front end (new headlights, bumper, bonnet and grill) and slightly different taillights (see images). The styling of the facelifted Accord remained identical to the styling of the Ascot Innova (although the frameless doors were replaced with conventional items) and featured the design language first introduced on the 5th generation Honda Civic. The styling of the European Accord differed dramatically from the North American which featured a more conventional saloon styling compared to the European model's low slung, fastback inspired look which also incorporated rear quarter windows. The facelifted Accord was also equipped with two airbags as standard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740409851074219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "However, the European Accord did not spawn an estate or coupe version, Honda instead opting to import the coupe and estate (Aerodeck) versions of the North American Accord.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332704544067383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "For the sixth generation, Honda split the Accord into three separate models, designed for the Japanese, North American, and European markets. However, the wagon was discontinued in North America while the coupe was discontinued in Japan. This generation also spawned two distinctively branded performance versions for European and Japanese domestic markets, dubbed Type R and Euro R, respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.722980499267578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "On the origin of these models, it is rumored that with the advent of the sixth generation Accord, \"Honda England were let loose to build a car that would compete with Subaru and Mitsubishi's Evo. They came up with the Accord Type R, a lightened (around 1200 kg) track version with no sound deadening or luxuries\". Honda Japan followed suit in 2000, \"took the Accord Type R and developed the Accord Euro R (hence the 'Euro'pean tag)\" which has a similar chassis, suspension that is interchangeable with European model, same engine (slightly detuned for European Type R), and nearly identical interior trim.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.836324691772461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "When the previous generation Accord grew in exterior dimensions, this reclassified the Accord as a midsized car in Japan. The second generation Honda Inspire was manufactured in two platforms, with the smaller G20A five-cylinder engine installed in a shorter and narrower sedan that complied with \"compact\" regulations. This effort reflected Honda's positioning of Honda Clio as a luxury car dealership that sold the luxury sedans Honda Legend and Honda Inspire, similar to their efforts in North America with the Acura brand. Honda continued to offer the Accord station wagon in Japan. All trim levels sold in Japan were available with Honda's newly created, internet-based telematics service called Internavi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.79954195022583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Euro R included a \"red top\" variation of H22A engine producing 220 PS at 7,200 rpm and 221 Nm at 6500 rpm, 5-speed T2W4 manual transmission with helical Torsen LSD, Recaro seats, leather-wrapped MOMO steering wheel, sports suspension, sports exhaust (including 4–2–1 stainless headers) and an aluminum-alloy gear shift knob. It was also fitted with a unique factory body kit that included flares and was available in some colors not available to other Accords (such as Milano Red). The Accord (sold at Honda Clio locations) and the Torneo (sold at Honda Verno and Primo locations) are the same car, aside from minor cosmetic differences in the exterior, most notably front of the car.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.3229341506958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The 2002 model was named the Euro-Rx. This model came with a few slight modifications from the 2000/2001 model. These included factory rear privacy glass, a titanium gear knob, optional Red-checker interior (original gold-checker) and bronze coloured alloy wheels. The high-stop spoiler also became standard on all models. Honda also addressed two common issues that had become apparent. The ECU was upgraded to resolve the issue of cold-starts causing hesitation on acceleration and the gearbox syncros were upgraded to a higher quality alloy to lengthen their lifespan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.92470645904541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The SiR-T model included a 2.0L F20B engine rated 200 PS at 7200 rpm (180 PS automatic) and at 6600 rpm, 11.0.1 compression, 85 mm X 88 mm (Bore and Stroke) 7800 rpm redline. The H-series DOHC VTEC engines were limited to 7800 rpms. The F20B had a unique blue valve cover and like all the larger displacement Honda engines, the F20B was mounted with a tilt towards the driver. F20B engines could rev at higher rpms than H22As because it had a shorter stroke. The F20B had an 85 mm x 88 mm bore and stroke when compared to an H22A which had an 87 mm x 90.7 mm bore and stroke. The F20B was also classified as a low emissions engine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.103017807006836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The SiR wagon model included the only 2.3-liter H23A DOHC VTEC H-series engine in the Honda line-up. The H23A engine was rated at 200 hp / 190 hp (AWD) at 6,800 rpm and torque of at 5,300 rpm, 10.6:1 compression, 87 mm X 95 mm bore and stroke, and a 7200 rpm redline which is slightly lower than other H-series VTEC engines from factory. The H23A also came with a blue valve cover and was the largest displacement of the H-series Honda engines. The H23A was mounted with a tilt towards the driver. The H23A had a longer stroke than the H22A. Specifications for the H23A were; 87 mm X 95 mm bore and stroke and H22A has 87 mm X bore and stroke. The H23A had better acceleration because the peak torque occurred sooner at lower rpm when compared to the H22A.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.928812980651855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In Australia, the 6th generation Accord went on sale in December 1997, and was initially imported from the USA. However, in 1999, the Accord became the first Honda in Australia to be imported from Thailand. In March 2001, the Accord received a facelift, while at the same time, the option of a manual transmission was dropped. New colour choices with the facelift included Naples Gold, Signet Silver, and Nighthawk Black, the first time that black was offered in an Australian market Accord.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.498149871826172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda made the decision to continue this generation of Accord an extra year. Previously, the Accord ran four years on a single body-style and facelift before being redesigned. The typical Accord generation cycle was a 2:4 trend, with a newly released model running for years 1 and 2 unaltered, then getting a facelift for years 3 and 4 before a major redesign. This generation would run a total of 5 years in a 3:5 trend, with the facelift occurring in year four. Accord sales remained steady despite the additional year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.91762638092041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Despite the Accord's reputation for reliability, the V6 models were plagued by transmission failures and prompted class action lawsuits against the company (4-cylinder models were also affected, but not to the same extent). This caused Honda to extend the warranties for the 2000 through 2001 models to seven years or 109000 mi. 1998, 1999 and 2002 cars were considered for extended coverage on a case-by-case basis. No formal recall occurred. In Canada, recall letters were sent out to owners who fell within a certain VIN range; this warranty was later re-extended for some owners to seven years in length.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.012340545654297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The European Accord, also made in Swindon, was different in its styling and was also shorter than the Japanese- and American-market Accords. It was available as a sedan and a 5-door hatchback (liftback), with the U.S.-imported coupe completing the range. It was a platform improvement of the previous generation \"European Accord\", a joint project with the Rover Group that created the Rover 600, as well as the Honda Ascot Innova. The design approval of the sixth generation Accord came in early 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.675357818603516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Honda Accord Euro R (CL7) was launched in October 2002. A lightened and more sports focused variant of the Japanese car the Accord Euro-R was powered by the K20A 2.0L DOHC i-VTEC engine with 220 horsepower and 21.0 kg-m (206 Nm @ 7000 rpm) of torque through a lightweight 6-speed manual transmission. The Accord Euro-R was available to the Japanese Domestic Market and Europe. Some features that distinguish it are the Recaro seats, the body kit, a MOMO steering wheel and a special metal gearknob found only in Honda's Type-R variants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.461859703063965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "This model was also sold in Japan as the Honda Inspire from 2003 to 2008. In China the model got the name Guangzhou-Honda Accord and was sold from 2003 up to December 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.2737455368042, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The updated Accord for the Japanese and European markets went on sale in mid-2008. It is also sold as the Accord Euro in the Australia and New Zealand markets, and as the Acura TSX in North America. It is available as both a sedan and a station wagon. In the People's Republic of China, a version of the sedan is sold as the Spirior. Production started in August 2009 in China, by Dongfeng Honda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.886034965515137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The North American version of the Accord has a different body from its Japanese counterpart. This shape is sold as the Honda Inspire in Japan, and is not sold in Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.386492729187012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore, this car which is assembled in Thailand, is sold as the Accord in left or right hand drive forms. In Malaysia, the Accord is locally assembled. In Hong Kong, this car is made in Japan and sold as the Accord, and in Taiwan, the Accord is locally assembled. In China, Guangqi Honda also makes this vehicle with 2.0L, 2.4L and 3.5L engines. Guangqi began making the Accord Crosstour in 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.799304008483887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In Malaysia, the eight generation incarnated as Proton Perdana and being used by the government officials. It is CKDed at Honda-DRB plant in HICOM Industrial Park Pegoh, Alor gajah, Melaka.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.446754455566406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "For the ninth-generation Accord, Honda appointed Shoji Matsui, who served as an engineer on the Accord platform from 1985 to 1996 as lead project manager. It is the first Honda vehicle to be completely developed under the administration of Honda CEO Takanobu Ito.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.271553039550781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda has really focused on ride quality, responsiveness, and ride comfort with a completely redesigned front suspension. The simpler and more ubiquitous MacPherson strut design introduced in the Acura TLX has been carried over into the Accord. Replacing the class leading and highly refined double wishbone front suspension, in use since the second generation Accord. The rear suspension retains the independent multi-link suspension. The costlier design is now only available on the top-tier Acura RLX. The new front suspension helps shave weight and free up room in the engine compartment. In addition to the safety concerns of Honda's Advanced Compatibility Engineering, there is focus on body stiffness and dynamic handling response by improving structural rigidity around the front strut tower and lower control arm. All but the LX trim, features a strut bar, All trims receive upgraded shocks front and rear. The Touring trim now comes with more sophisticated double piston shocks called \"Amplitude Reactive Dampers\", that have been recently introduced on several Acura models. These are typically found in European luxury cars. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98640251159668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "All Accords come with standard an 8-inch 480 x 320 pixel WQVGA resolution LCD screen, single angle backup camera, Honda's i-MID system which includes Bluetooth hands free calling with SMS texting and streaming audio, USB connector, dual zone automatic climate control and alloy wheels. The available navigation system adds a 6-inch touchscreen and the 8-inch screen uses a higher 800 x 480 pixel resolution WVGA display. A tri-angle (normal, wide and top view) backup camera and wide angle passenger blind spot side view camera are also available. New safety features include an optional forward collision warning system, lane departure warning system and blind spot monitor. Highline models (EX, EX-L, and Touring grades) offer Smart Key, LED daytime running lamps, headlamps, and tail lamps; and an adaptive cruise control system. The 2016 Honda Accord will be the first mass-market car that will be equipped with Apple CarPlay & the second car to also be compatible with Android Auto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.065881729125977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda unveiled the platform for a mid-size plug-in hybrid electric vehicle at the 2010 Los Angeles Auto Show. The plug-in platform showcased Honda's next-generation two-motor hybrid system, which continuously moves through three different modes to maximize driving efficiency: all-electric, gasoline-electric and an engine direct-drive mode. The plug-in hybrid also uses regenerative braking to charge the battery. In all-electric mode, the vehicle uses a 6 kWh lithium-ion battery and a 120 kW electric motor. The all-electric mode achieves a range of approximately 10 to in city driving and a top speed of 62 mph. Fully recharging the battery will take 2 to 2.5 hours using a 120-volt outlet and 1 to 1.5 hours using a 240-volt outlet. Honda announced at the 2012 North American International Auto Show in Detroit that first US application of both a 2.4-liter direct-injected engine and two-motor plug-in hybrid system to be implemented on the Accord ninth generation, the 2013 Accord Plug-in Hybrid, with sales scheduled for late 2012 or early 2013. Production of the Accord Plug-in Hybrid began on 21 December 2012. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.998449325561523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda expected the 2014 Accord Plug-in Hybrid to deliver an all-electric range of up to 15 mi and a total driving range of more than 500 mi based on the U.S. EPA tests as determined by Honda. The carmaker also expected the fuel economy for the Accord Plug-in Hybrid to exceed 100 miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent (MPG-e) (2.4 L/100 km; 120 mpg-imp equivalent), and also expects it to receive an Enhanced AT-PZEV rating from the California Air Resources Board (CARB).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.235075950622559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In June 2015 Honda announced that the Accord Plug-in Hybrid will be discontinued after the 2015 model year, together with the Civic Hybrid and the natural gas-powered Honda Civic GX. This decision is due in part to Honda's ability to advance fuel economy through conventional engine technology. The company plans to launch of a new dedicated plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicle models after the introduction of Honda's next generation fuel cell vehicle in 2016. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.782970428466797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Throughout his life, Honda's founder, Soichiro Honda had an interest in automobiles. He worked as a mechanic at the Art Shokai garage, where he tuned cars and entered them in races. In 1937, with financing from his acquaintance Kato Shichirō, Honda founded Tōkai Seiki (Eastern Sea Precision Machine Company) to make piston rings working out of the Art Shokai garage. After initial failures, Tōkai Seiki won a contract to supply piston rings to Toyota, but lost the contract due to the poor quality of their products. After attending engineering school without graduating, and visiting factories around Japan to better understand Toyota's quality control processes, by 1941 Honda was able to mass-produce piston rings acceptable to Toyota, using an automated process that could employ even unskilled wartime laborers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.206724166870117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The first complete motorcycle, with both the frame and engine made by Honda, was the 1949 D-Type, the first Honda to go by the name Dream. Honda Motor Company grew in a short time to become the world's largest manufacturer of motorcycles by 1964.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.31627082824707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Over the next few decades, Honda worked to expand its product line and expanded operations and exports to numerous countries around the world. In 1986, Honda introduced the successful Acura brand to the American market in an attempt to gain ground in the luxury vehicle market. The year 1991 saw the introduction of the Honda NSX supercar, the first all-aluminum monocoque vehicle that incorporated a mid-engine V6 with variable-valve timing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.312776565551758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Kawamoto acted quickly to change Honda's corporate culture, rushing through market-driven product development that resulted in recreational vehicles such as the first generation Odyssey and the CR-V, and a refocusing away from some of the numerous sedans and coupes that were popular with Honda's engineers but not with the buying public. The most shocking change to Honda came when Kawamoto ended Honda's successful participation in Formula One after the 1992 season, citing costs in light of the takeover threat from Mitsubishi as well as the desire to create a more environmentally-friendly company image. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.60621452331543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Later, 1995 gave rise to the Honda Aircraft Company with the goal of producing jet aircraft under Honda's name. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.613234519958496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "On 23 February 2015, Honda announced that CEO and President Takanobu Ito would step down and be replaced by Takahiro Hachigo by June; additional retirements by senior managers and directors were expected. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.967034339904785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Their shares trade on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, as well as exchanges in Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Kyoto, Fukuoka, London, Paris and Switzerland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.536858558654785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The company has assembly plants around the globe. These plants are located in China, the United States, Pakistan, Canada, England, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, México, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey, Taiwan, Perú and Argentina. As of July 2010, 89 percent of Honda and Acura vehicles sold in the United States were built in North American plants, up from 82.2 percent a year earlier. This shields profits from the yen's advance to a 15-year high against the dollar. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.799971103668213, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda's Net Sales and Other Operating Revenue by Geographical Regions in 2007 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.381192207336426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "American Honda Motor Company is based in Torrance, California. Honda Racing Corporation (HRC) is Honda's motorcycle racing division. Honda Canada Inc. is headquartered in Markham, Ontario, their manufacturing division, Honda of Canada Manufacturing, is based in Alliston, Ontario. Honda has also created joint ventures around the world, such as Honda Siel Cars and Hero Honda Motorcycles in India, Guangzhou Honda and Dongfeng Honda in China, Boon Siew Honda in Malaysia and Honda Atlas in Pakistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.582901954650879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda's global lineup consists of the Fit, Civic, Accord, Insight, CR-V, CR-Z, Legend and two versions of the Odyssey, one for North America, and a smaller vehicle sold internationally. An early proponent of developing vehicles to cater to different needs and markets worldwide, Honda's lineup varies by country and may have vehicles exclusive to that region. A few examples are the latest Honda Odyssey minivan and the Ridgeline, Honda's first light-duty uni-body pickup truck. Both were designed and engineered primarily in North America and are produced there. Other example of exclusive models includes the Honda Civic five-door hatchback sold in Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.489489555358887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Honda Life represented Honda's efforts in competing in the kei car segment, offering sedan, delivery van and small pick-up platforms on a shared chassis. The Life StepVan had a novel approach that, while not initially a commercial success, appears to be an influence in vehicles with the front passengers sitting behind the engine, a large cargo area with a flat roof and a liftgate installed in back, and utilizing a transversely installed engine with a front-wheel-drive powertrain.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.585371971130371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda produces Civic hybrid, a hybrid electric vehicle that competes with the Toyota Prius, and also produces the Insight and CR-Z.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.352619171142578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 2008, Honda increased global production to meet demand for small cars and hybrids in the U.S. and emerging markets. The company shuffled U.S. production to keep factories busy and boost car output, while building fewer minivans and sport utility vehicles as light truck sales fell. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.08912181854248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Its first entrance into the pickup segment, the light duty Ridgeline, won Truck of the Year from Motor Trend magazine in 2006. Also in 2006, the redesigned Civic won Car of the Year from the magazine, giving Honda a rare double win of Motor Trend honors. Honda's 9th generation Civic also won the [http://www.pakwheels.com/awards/2014 Car of the Year] award based on a public survey held by [http://www.pakwheels.com PakWheels]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.392786979675293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "It is reported that Honda plans to increase hybrid sales in Japan to more than 20% of its total sales in fiscal year 2011, from 14.8% in previous year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.860499382019043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Five of United States Environmental Protection Agency's top ten most fuel-efficient cars from 1984 to 2010 comes from Honda, more than any other automakers. The five models are: 2000–2006 Honda Insight (53 mpgus combined), 1986–1987 Honda Civic Coupe HF (46 mpgus combined), 1994–1995 Honda Civic hatchback VX (43 mpgus combined), 2006– Honda Civic Hybrid (42 mpgus combined), and 2010– Honda Insight (41 mpgus combined). The ACEEE has also rated the Civic GX as the greenest car in America for seven consecutive years. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.637566566467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "At its peak in 1982, Honda manufactured almost three million motorcycles annually. By 2006 this figure had reduced to around 550,000 but was still higher than its three domestic competitors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.971572875976562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "During the 1960s, when it was a small manufacturer, Honda broke out of the Japanese motorcycle market and began exporting to the U.S. Working with the advertising agency Grey Advertising, Honda created an innovative marketing campaign, using the slogan \"You meet the nicest people on a Honda.\" In contrast to the prevailing negative stereotypes of motorcyclists in America as tough, antisocial rebels, this campaign suggested that Honda motorcycles were made for the everyman. The campaign was hugely successful; the ads ran for three years, and by the end of 1963 alone, Honda had sold 90,000 motorcycles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.657601356506348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Taking Honda's story as an archetype of the smaller manufacturer entering a new market already occupied by highly dominant competitors, the story of their market entry, and their subsequent huge success in the U.S. and around the world, has been the subject of some academic controversy. Competing explanations have been advanced to explain Honda's strategy and the reasons for their success. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.102437019348145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The first of these explanations was put forward when, in 1975, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) was commissioned by the UK government to write a report explaining why and how the British motorcycle industry had been out-competed by its Japanese competitors. The report concluded that the Japanese firms, including Honda, had sought a very high scale of production (they had made a large number of motorbikes) in order to benefit from economies of scale and learning curve effects. It blamed the decline of the British motorcycle industry on the failure of British managers to invest enough in their businesses to profit from economies of scale and scope. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.375863075256348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The second explanation was offered in 1984 by Richard Pascale, who had interviewed the Honda executives responsible for the firm's entry into the U.S. market. As opposed to the tightly focused strategy of low cost and high scale that BCG accredited to Honda, Pascale found that their entry into the U.S. market was a story of \"miscalculation, serendipity, and organizational learning\" – in other words, Honda's success was due to the adaptability and hard work of its staff, rather than any long term strategy. For example, Honda's initial plan on entering the US was to compete in large motorcycles, around 300 cc. Honda's motorcycles in this class suffered performance and reliability problems when ridden the relatively long distances of the US highways. When the team found that the scooters they were using to get themselves around their U.S. base of San Francisco attracted positive interest from consumers that they fell back on selling the Super Cub instead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.533085823059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The most recent school of thought on Honda's strategy was put forward by Gary Hamel and C. K. Prahalad in 1989. Creating the concept of core competencies with Honda as an example, they argued that Honda's success was due to its focus on leadership in the technology of internal combustion engines. For example, the high power-to-weight ratio engines Honda produced for its racing bikes provided technology and expertise which was transferable into mopeds. Honda's entry into the U.S. motorcycle market during the 1960s is used as a case study for teaching introductory strategy at business schools worldwide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.651423454284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda power equipment reached record sales in 2007 with 6.4 million units. By 2010 (Fiscal year ended 31 March) this figure had decreased to 4,7 million units. Cumulative production of power products has exceeded 85 million units (as of September 2008). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.615777015686035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda power equipment includes:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.253276824951172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda engines powered the entire 33-car starting field of the 2010 Indianapolis 500 and for the fifth consecutive race, there were no engine-related retirements during the running of the Memorial Day Classic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.729545593261719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In the 1980s Honda developed the GY6 engine for use in motor scooters. Although no longer manufactured by Honda it is still commonly used in many Chinese, Korean and Taiwanese light vehicles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.29181957244873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda, despite being known as an engine company, has never built a V8 for passenger vehicles. In the late 1990s, the company resisted considerable pressure from its American dealers for a V8 engine (which would have seen use in top-of-the-line Honda SUVs and Acuras), with American Honda reportedly sending one dealer a shipment of V8 beverages to silence them. Honda considered starting V8 production in the mid-2000s for larger Acura sedans, a new version of the high end NSX sports car (which previously used DOHC V6 engines with VTEC to achieve its high power output) and possible future ventures into the American full-size truck and SUV segment for both the Acura and Honda brands, but this was cancelled in late 2008, with Honda citing environmental and worldwide economic conditions as reasons for the termination of this project. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.759682655334473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "ASIMO is the part of Honda's [http://world.honda.com/ASIMO/history/history.html Research & Development robotics program]. It is the eleventh in a line of successive builds starting in 1986 with Honda E0 moving through the ensuing Honda E series and the Honda P series. Weighing 54 kilograms and standing 130 centimeters tall, ASIMO resembles a small astronaut wearing a backpack, and can walk on two feet in a manner resembling human locomotion, at up to 6 km/h. ASIMO is the world's only humanoid robot able to ascend and descend stairs independently. However, human motions such as climbing stairs are difficult to mimic with a machine, which ASIMO has demonstrated by taking two plunges off a staircase.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.775386810302734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda's robot ASIMO (see below) as an R&D project brings together expertise to create a robot that walks, dances and navigates steps.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373292922973633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "2010 marks the year Honda has developed a machine capable of reading a user's brainwaves to move ASIMO. The system uses a helmet covered with electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy sensors that monitor electrical brainwaves and cerebral blood flow—signals that alter slightly during the human thought process. The user thinks of one of a limited number of gestures it wants from the robot, which has been fitted with a Brain Machine Interface. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.213920593261719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda has also pioneered new technology in its HA-420 HondaJet, manufactured by its subsidiary Honda Aircraft Company, which allows new levels of reduced drag, increased aerodynamics and fuel efficiency thus reducing operating costs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06049633026123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda's solar cell subsidiary company Honda Soltec (Headquarters: Kikuchi-gun, Kumamoto; President and CEO: Akio Kazusa) started sales throughout Japan of thin-film solar cells for public and industrial use on 24 October 2008, after selling solar cells for residential use since October 2007. Honda announced in the end of October 2013 that Honda Soltec would cease the business operation except for support for existing customers in Spring 2014 and the subsidiary would be dissolved. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.06886100769043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda has also built a downhill racing bicycle known as the Honda RN-01. It is not available for sale to the public. The bike has a gearbox, which replaces the standard derailleur found on most bikes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.281294822692871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda has hired several people to pilot the bike, among them Greg Minnaar. The team is known as Team G Cross Honda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.380407333374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda also builds all-terrain vehicles (ATV).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.922515869140625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda has been active in motorsports, like Motorcycle Grand Prix, Superbike racing and others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1741304397583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda entered Formula One as a constructor for the first time in the 1964 season at the German Grand Prix with Ronnie Bucknum at the wheel. 1965 saw the addition of Richie Ginther to the team, who scored Honda's first point at the Belgian Grand Prix, and Honda's first win at the Mexican Grand Prix. 1967 saw their next win at the Italian Grand Prix with John Surtees as their driver. In 1968, Jo Schlesser was killed in a Honda RA302 at the French Grand Prix. This racing tragedy, coupled with their commercial difficulties selling automobiles in the United States, prompted Honda to withdraw from all international motorsport that year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.226115226745605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "After a learning year in 1965, Honda-powered Brabhams dominated the 1966 French Formula Two championship in the hands of Jack Brabham and Denny Hulme. As there was no European Championship that season, this was the top F2 championship that year. In the early 1980s Honda returned to F2, supplying engines to Ron Tauranac's Ralt team. Tauranac had designed the Brabham cars for their earlier involvement. They were again extremely successful. In a related exercise, John Judd's Engine Developments company produced a turbo \"Brabham-Honda\" engine for use in IndyCar racing. It won only one race, in 1988 for Bobby Rahal at Pocono.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.223477363586426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda returned to Formula One in 1983, initially with another Formula Two partner, the Spirit team, before switching abruptly to Williams in 1984. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Honda powered cars won six consecutive Formula One Constructors Championships. WilliamsF1 won the crown in 1986 and 1987. Honda switched allegiance again in 1988. New partners Team McLaren won the title in 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991. Honda withdrew from Formula One at the end of 1992, although the related Mugen-Honda company maintained a presence up to the end of 1999, winning four races with Ligier and Jordan Grand Prix.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.55911922454834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda debuted in the CART IndyCar World Series as a works supplier in 1994. The engines were far from competitive at first, but after development, the company powered six consecutive drivers championships. In 2003, Honda transferred its effort to the rival IRL IndyCar Series with Ilmor as joint development until 2006. In 2004, Honda-powered cars overwhelmingly dominated the IndyCar Series, winning 14 of 16 IndyCar races, including the Indianapolis 500, and claimed the IndyCar Series Manufacturers' Championship, Drivers' Championship and Rookie of the Year titles. From 2006 to 2011, Honda was the lone engine supplier for the IndyCar Series, including the Indianapolis 500. In the 2006 Indianapolis 500, for the first time in Indianapolis 500 history, the race was run without a single engine problem. Since 2012, HPD has constructed turbocharged V-6 engines for its IndyCar effort.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.056078910827637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "During 1998, Honda considered returning to Formula One with their own team. The project was aborted after the death of its technical director, Harvey Postlethwaite. Honda instead came back as an official engine supplier to British American Racing (BAR) and Jordan Grand Prix. Honda bought a stake in the BAR team in 2004 before buying the team outright at the end of 2005, becoming a constructor for the first time since the 1960s. Honda won the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix with driver Jenson Button.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.637038230895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "It was announced on 5 December 2008, that Honda would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the 2008 global economic crisis. The team was sold to former team principal Ross Brawn, renamed Brawn GP and subsequently Mercedes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298282623291016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda became an official works team in the British Touring Car Championship in 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.614604949951172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda made an official announcement on 16 May 2013 that it will re-enter Formula One racing in 2015 as an engine supplier to the McLaren team. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299726486206055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda Racing Corporation (HRC) was formed in 1982. The company combines participation in motorcycle races throughout the world with the development of high potential racing machines. Its racing activities are an important source for the creation of leading edge technologies used in the development of Honda motorcycles. HRC also contributes to the advancement of motorcycle sports through a range of activities that include sales of production racing motorcycles, support for satellite teams, and rider education programs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.82453441619873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Soichiro Honda, being a race driver himself, could not stay out of international motorsport. In 1959, Honda entered five motorcycles into the Isle of Man TT race, the most prestigious motorcycle race in the world. While always having powerful engines, it took until 1961 for Honda to tune their chassis well enough to allow Mike Hailwood to claim their first Grand Prix victories in the 125 and 250 cc classes. Hailwood would later pick up their first Senior TT wins in 1966 and 1967. Honda's race bikes were known for their \"sleek & stylish design\" and exotic engine configurations, such as the 5-cylinder, 22,000 rpm, 125 cc bike and their 6-cylinder 250 cc and 297 cc bikes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.38110637664795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 1979, Honda returned to Grand Prix motorcycle racing with the monocoque-framed, four-stroke NR500. The FIM rules limited engines to four cylinders, so the NR500 had non-circular, 'race-track', cylinders, each with 8 valves and two connecting rods, in order to provide sufficient valve area to compete with the dominant two-stroke racers. Unfortunately, it seemed Honda tried to accomplish too much at one time and the experiment failed. For the 1982 season, Honda debuted their first two-stroke race bike, the NS500 and in , Honda won their first 500 cc Grand Prix World Championship with Freddie Spencer. Since then, Honda has become a dominant marque in motorcycle Grand Prix racing, winning a plethora of top level titles with riders such as Mick Doohan and Valentino Rossi. Honda also head the number of wins at the Isle of Man TT having notched up 227 victories in the solo classes and Sidecar TT, including Ian Hutchinson's clean sweep at the 2010 races. The outright lap record on the Snaefell Mountain Course is also held by Honda, set at the 2015 TT by John McGuinness at an average speed of on a Honda CBR1000RR. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.287825584411621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In the Motocross World Championship, Honda has claimed six world championships. In the World Enduro Championship, Honda has captured eight titles, most recently with Stefan Merriman in 2003 and with Mika Ahola from 2007 to 2010. In motorcycle trials, Honda has claimed three world championships with Belgian rider Eddy Lejeune.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374130249023438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Honda Civic GX was for a long time the only purpose-built natural gas vehicle (NGV) commercially available in some parts of the U.S. The Honda Civic GX first appeared in 1998 as a factory-modified Civic LX that had been designed to run exclusively on compressed natural gas. The car looks and drives just like a contemporary Honda Civic LX, but does not run on gasoline. In 2001, the Civic GX was rated the cleanest-burning internal combustion engine in the world by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.083420753479004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "First leased to the City of Los Angeles, in 2005, Honda started offering the GX directly to the public through factory trained dealers certified to service the GX. Before that, only fleets were eligible to purchase a new Civic GX. In 2006, the Civic GX was released in New York, making it the second state where the consumer is able to buy the car. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.991280555725098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In June 2015, Honda announced its decision to phase out the commercialization of natural-gas powered vehicles to focus on the development of a new generation of electrified vehicles such as hybrids, plug-in electric cars and hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles. Since 2008, Honda has sold about 16,000 natural-gas vehicles, mainly to taxi and commercial fleets. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.162936210632324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda's Brazilian subsidiary launched flexible-fuel versions for the Honda Civic and Honda Fit in late 2006. As other Brazilian flex-fuel vehicles, these models run on any blend of hydrous ethanol (E100) and E20-E25 gasoline. Initially, and in order to test the market preferences, the carmaker decided to produce a limited share of the vehicles with flex-fuel engines, 33 percent of the Civic production and 28 percent of the Fit models. Also, the sale price for the flex-fuel version was higher than the respective gasoline versions, around US$1,000 premium for the Civic, and US$650 for the Fit, despite the fact that all other flex-fuel vehicles sold in Brazil had the same tag price as their gasoline versions. In July 2009, Honda launched in the Brazilian market its third flexible-fuel car, the Honda City. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.76675796508789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "During the last two months of 2006, both flex-fuel models sold 2,427 cars against 8,546 gasoline-powered automobiles, jumping to 41,990 flex-fuel cars in 2007, and reaching 93,361 in 2008. Due to the success of the flex versions, by early 2009 a hundred percent of Honda's automobile production for the Brazilian market is now flexible-fuel, and only a small percentage of gasoline version is produced in Brazil for exports. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.679070472717285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In March 2009, Honda launched in the Brazilian market the first flex-fuel motorcycle in the world. Produced by its Brazilian subsidiary Moto Honda da Amazônia, the CG 150 Titan Mix is sold for around US$2,700. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.113408088684082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In late 1999, Honda launched the first commercial hybrid electric car sold in the U.S. market, the Honda Insight, just one month before the introduction of the Toyota Prius, and initially sold for US$20,000. The first-generation Insight was produced from 2000 to 2006 and had a fuel economy of 70 mpgus for the EPA's highway rating, the most fuel-efficient mass-produced car at the time. Total global sales for the Insight amounted to only around 18,000 vehicles. Cumulative global sales reached 100,000 hybrids in 2005 and 200,000 in 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.814206600189209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda introduced the second-generation Insight in Japan in February 2009, and released it in other markets through 2009 and in the U.S. market in April 2009. At $19,800 as a five-door hatchback it will be the least expensive hybrid available in the U.S. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.890074729919434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Since 2002, Honda has also been selling the Honda Civic Hybrid (2003 model) in the U.S. market. It was followed by the Honda Accord Hybrid, offered in model years 2005 through 2007. Sales of the Honda CR-Z began in Japan in February 2010, becoming Honda's third hybrid electric car in the market. , Honda was producing around 200,000 hybrids a year in Japan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.639787673950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Sales of the Fit Hybrid began in Japan in October 2010, at the time, the lowest price for a gasoline-hybrid electric vehicle sold in the country. The European version, called Honda Jazz Hybrid, was released in early 2011. During 2011 Honda launched three hybrid models available only in Japan, the Fit Shuttle Hybrid, Freed Hybrid and Freed Spike Hybrid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.585176467895508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda's cumulative global hybrid sales passed the 1 million unit milestone at the end of September 2012, 12 years and 11 months after sales of the first generation Insight began in Japan November 1999. A total of 187,851 hybrids were sold worldwide in 2013, and 158,696 hybrids during the first six months of 2014. Honda sold 187,851 hybrids in 2013. Honda sold 158,696 hybrids during the first six months of 2014. , Honda has sold more than 1.35 million hybrids worldwide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.488154411315918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In Takanezawa, Japan, on 16 June 2008, Honda Motors produced the first assembly-line FCX Clarity, a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. More efficient than a gas-electric hybrid vehicle, the FCX Clarity combines hydrogen and oxygen from ordinary air to generate electricity for an electric motor. In July 2014 Honda announced the end of production of the Honda FCX Clarity for the 2015 model.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.764772415161133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The vehicle itself does not emit any pollutants and its only by products are heat and water. The FCX Clarity also has an advantage over gas-electric hybrids in that it does not use an internal combustion engine to propel itself. Like a gas-electric hybrid, it uses a lithium ion battery to assist the fuel cell during acceleration and capture energy through regenerative braking, thus improving fuel efficiency. The lack of hydrogen filling stations throughout developed countries will keep production volumes low. Honda will release the vehicle in groups of 150. California is the only U.S. market with infrastructure for fueling such a vehicle, though the number of stations is still limited. Building more stations is expensive, as the California Air Resources Board (CARB) granted $6.8 million for four H2 fueling stations, costing $1.7 million USD each. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657483100891113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid was introduced in 2013 and has an all-electric range of Sales began in the U.S. in January 2013 and the plug-in hybrid is available only in California and New York. A total of 835 units have been sold in the U.S. through September 2014. The Accord PHEV was introduced in Japan in June 2013 and is available only for leasing, primarily to corporations and government agencies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.24335765838623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "As sales progressed, Honda created two more sales channels, called Honda Clio in 1984, and Honda Primo in 1985. The Honda Clio chain sold products that were traditionally associated with Honda dealerships before 1978, like the Honda Accord, and Honda Primo sold the Honda Civic, kei cars, such as the Honda Today, superminis like the Honda Capa, along with other Honda products, such as farm equipment, lawn mowers, portable generators, marine equipment, plus motorcycles and scooters like the Honda Super Cub. A styling tradition was established when Honda Primo and Clio began operations, in that all Verno products had the rear license plate installed in the rear bumper, while Primo and Clio products had the rear license plate installed on the trunk lid or rear door for minivans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.88828182220459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "As time progressed and sales began to diminish partly due to the collapse of the Japanese \"bubble economy\", \"supermini\" and \"kei\" vehicles that were specific to Honda Primo were \"badge engineered\" and sold at the other two sales channels, thereby providing smaller vehicles that sold better at both Honda Verno and Honda Clio locations. As of March 2006, the three sales chains were discontinued, with the establishment of Honda Cars dealerships. While the network was disbanded, some Japanese Honda dealerships still use the network names, offering all Japanese market Honda cars at all locations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.22426700592041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda sells genuine accessories through a separate retail chain called Honda Access for both their motorcycle, scooter and automobile products. In cooperation with corporate \"keiretsu\" partner Pioneer, Honda sells an aftermarket line of audio and in-car navigation equipment that can be installed in any vehicle under the brand name Gathers, which is available at Honda Access locations as well as Japanese auto parts retailers, such as Autobacs. Buyers of used vehicles are directed to a specific Honda retail chain that sells only used vehicles called Honda Auto Terrace.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.646240234375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In the spring of 2012, Honda in Japan introduced [http://www.honda.co.jp/hondacars/smallstore/?from=HondaCars-footer Honda Cars Small Store] (Japanese) which is devoted to compact cars like the Honda Fit, and kei vehicles like the Honda N-One and Honda S660 roadster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.096904754638672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "*All cars sold at Honda Verno", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.681487083435059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "*All cars sold at Honda Clio", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.647858619689941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "*All cars sold at Honda Primo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.701183319091797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 2003, Honda released its Cog advertisement in the UK and on the Internet. To make the ad, the engineers at Honda constructed a Rube Goldberg Machine made entirely out of car parts from a Honda Accord Touring. To the chagrin of the engineers at Honda, all the parts were taken from two of only six hand-assembled pre-production models of the Accord. The advertisement depicted a single cog which sets off a chain of events that ends with the Honda Accord moving and Garrison Keillor speaking the tagline, \"Isn't it nice when things just... work?\" It took 606 takes to get it perfect. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.642970085144043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In December 2005, Honda released The Impossible Dream a two-minute panoramic advertisement filmed in New Zealand, Japan and Argentina which illustrates the founder's dream to build performance vehicles. While singing the song \"Impossible Dream\", a man reaches for his racing helmet, leaves his trailer on a minibike, then rides a succession of vintage Honda vehicles: a motorcycle, then a car, then a powerboat, then goes over a waterfall only to reappear piloting a hot air balloon, with Garrison Keillor saying \"I couldn't have put it better myself\" as the song ends. The song is from the 1960s musical Man Of La Mancha, sung by Andy Williams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.273155212402344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 2006, Honda released its Choir advertisement, for the UK and the internet. This had a 60-person choir who sang the car noises as film of the Honda Civic are shown.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175982475280762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In the mid to late 2000s in the United States, during model close-out sales for the current year before the start of the new model year, Honda's advertising has had an animated character known simply as Mr. Opportunity, voiced by Rob Paulsen. The casual looking man talked about various deals offered by Honda and ended with the phrase \"I'm Mr. Opportunity, and I'm knockin'\", followed by him \"knocking\" on the television screen or \"thumping\" the speaker at the end of radio ads. In addition, commercials for Honda's international hatchback, the Jazz, are parodies of well-known pop culture images such as Tetris and Thomas The Tank Engine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.86391544342041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In late 2006, Honda released an ad with ASIMO exploring a museum, looking at the exhibits with almost childlike wonderment (spreading out its arms in the aerospace exhibit, waving hello to an astronaut suit that resembles him, etc.), while Garrison Keillor ruminates on progress. It concludes with the tagline: \"More forwards please\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.161357879638672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda also sponsored ITV's coverage of Formula One in the UK for 2007. However they had announced that they would not continue in 2008 due to the sponsorship price requested by ITV being too high.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.340113639831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In May 2007, focuses on their strengths in racing and the use of the Red H badge – a symbol of what is termed as \"Hondamentalism\". The campaign highlights the lengths that Honda engineers go to in order to get the most out of an engine, whether it is for bikes, cars, powerboats – even lawnmowers. Honda released its [http://www.honda.co.uk/hondamentalism/?campaignid=CM059600W01G Hondamentalism] campaign. In the TV spot, Garrison Keillor says, \"An engineer once said to build something great is like swimming in honey\", while Honda engineers in white suits walk and run towards a great light, battling strong winds and flying debris, holding on to anything that will keep them from being blown away. Finally one of the engineers walks towards a red light, his hand outstretched. A web address is shown for the Hondamentalism website. The digital campaign aims to show how visitors to the site share many of the Hondamentalist characteristics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.187483787536621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "At the beginning of 2008, Honda released – the Problem Playground. The advert outlines Honda's environmental responsibility, demonstrating a hybrid engine, more efficient solar panels and the FCX Clarity, a hydrogen powered car. The 90 second advert has large scale puzzles, involving Rubik's Cubes, large shapes and a 3-dimensional puzzle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.825553894042969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "On 29 May 2008, Honda, in partnership with Channel 4, broadcast a live advertisement. It showed skydivers jumping from an aeroplane over Spain and forming the letters H, O, N, D and A in mid-air. This live advertisement is generally agreed to be the first of its kind on British television. The advert lasted three minutes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142712593078613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In 2009, American Honda released the Dream the Impossible documentary series, a collection of 5–8 minute web vignettes that focus on the core philosophies of Honda. Current short films include Failure: The Secret to Success, Kick Out the Ladder and Mobility 2088. They have Honda employees as well as Danica Patrick, Christopher Guest, Ben Bova, Chee Pearlman, Joe Johnston and Orson Scott Card. The film series plays at dreams.honda.com.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232413291931152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "In Australia, Honda advertised heavily during most motor racing telecasts, and was the official sponsor of the 2006 FIA Formula 1 telecast on broadcaster channel \"Ten\". In fact, it was the only manufacturer involved in the 2006 Indy Racing League season. In a series of adverts promoting the history of Honda's racing heritage, Honda claimed it \"built\" cars that won 72 Formula 1 Grand Prix. Skeptics have accused Honda of interpreting its racing history rather liberally, saying that virtually all of the 72 victories were achieved by Honda powered (engined) machines, whereas the cars themselves were designed and built by Lotus F1, Williams F1, and McLaren F1 teams, respectively. However, former and current staff of the McLaren F1 team have reiterated that Honda contributed more than just engines and provided various chassis, tooling, and aerodynamic parts as well as funding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.893532752990723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "The late F1 driver Ayrton Senna stated that Honda probably played the most significant role in his three world championships. He had immense respect for founder, Soichiro Honda, and had a good relationship with Nobuhiko Kawamoto, the chairman of Honda at that time. Senna once called Honda \"the greatest company in the world\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195829391479492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "As part of its marketing campaign, Honda is an official partner and sponsor of the National Hockey League, the Anaheim Ducks of the NHL, and the arena named after it: Honda Center. Honda also sponsors The Honda Classic golf tournament and is a sponsor of Major League Soccer. The \"Honda Player of the Year\" award is presented in United States soccer. The \"Honda Sports Award\" is given to the best female athlete in each of twelve college sports in the United States. One of the twelve Honda Sports Award winners is chosen to receive the Honda-Broderick Cup, as \"Collegiate Woman Athlete of the Year.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.117876052856445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda will be sponsoring La Liga club Valencia CF starting from 2014–15 season. Valencia CF will carry Honda Cars Valencia insignia on their football kits. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483223915100098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" }, { "answer": "Honda", "passage": "Honda has been a presenting sponsor of the Los Angeles Marathon since 2010 in a three-year sponsorship deal, with winners of the LA Marathon receiving a free Honda Accord. Since 1989, the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge has been a quizbowl tournament for Historically black colleges and universities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320493698120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honda" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "King of the Hill (TV series)", "Arlen, Texas", "King of the Hill", "Heimlich County, Texas", "KotH", "The Arlen Bystander", "Strictland Propane", "Nine Rivers Country Club", "King of the Hill (TV Series)", "Mega-Lo Mart", "Souphanousinphone Family", "Arlen (King of the Hill)", "Crew of King of the Hill", "Heimlich County", "King of the hill", "King of the Hill (TV)", "Megalomart", "Miz Liz Strickland", "King o the hill", "Tom Landry Middle School", "Alamo Beer", "Hank of the Hill", "King Of The Hill", "The bluegrass is always greener", "The King of the Hill", "Chang Wausongasong", "King of the Hill (FOX)", "Alamo beer", "King of The Hill", "The Bluegrass is Always Greener", "Fort Blanda", "Buck Strickland (King of the Hill)", "Strickland Propane", "Mega Lo Mart", "Stuart Dooley", "Arlen, TX" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "king of hill tv", "stuart dooley", "bluegrass is always greener", "hank of hill", "king o hill", "arlen tx", "chang wausongasong", "strictland propane", "king of hill fox", "heimlich county texas", "fort blanda", "heimlich county", "strickland propane", "koth", "buck strickland king of hill", "arlen texas", "mega lo mart", "megalomart", "arlen bystander", "king of hill", "arlen king of hill", "alamo beer", "nine rivers country club", "crew of king of hill", "tom landry middle school", "miz liz strickland", "king of hill tv series", "souphanousinphone family" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "king of hill", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "King of the Hill" }

[ { "answer": "King of the Hill", "passage": "By the 1997–98 season, Fox had three shows in the Nielsen Top 20, The X-Files (which ranked 11th), King of the Hill (which ranked 15th) and The Simpsons (which ranked 18th). Building around its flagship animated comedy The Simpsons, Fox would experience relative success with animated series in prime time, beginning with the debut of the Mike Judge-produced King of the Hill in 1997. Family Guy (the first of three adult-oriented animated series from Seth MacFarlane to air on the network) and Futurama (from Simpsons creator Matt Groening) would make their debuts in 1999; however, they were canceled in 2002 and 2003 respectively. Due to strong DVD sales and highly rated cable reruns on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim, Fox later decided to order new episodes of Family Guy, which began airing in 2005. Futurama would be revived with four direct-to-DVD films between 2007 and 2009 and would return as a first-run series on Comedy Central, where it ran from 2010 to 2013. Less successful efforts included The Critic, starring Saturday Night Live alumnus Jon Lovitz (which Fox picked up in 1994 after it was cancelled by ABC, only for the series to be cancelled again after its second season), and The PJs (which moved to The WB in 2000, after Fox cancelled that series after its second season). Other notable shows that debuted in the late 1990s included the quirky David E. Kelley-produced live-action dramedy Ally McBeal and period comedy That '70s Show, the latter of which became Fox's second-longest-running live-action sitcom, airing for eight seasons.", "precise_score": 5.407953262329102, "rough_score": 6.7463297843933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox Broadcasting Company" }, { "answer": "King of the Hill", "passage": "The Simpsons was the first successful animated program in American prime time since Wait Till Your Father Gets Home in the 1970s. During most of the 1980s, US pundits considered animated shows as appropriate only for children, and animating a show was too expensive to achieve a quality suitable for prime-time television. The Simpsons changed this perception. The use of Korean animation studios for tweening, coloring, and filming made the episodes cheaper. The success of The Simpsons and the lower production cost prompted US television networks to take chances on other animated series. This development led US producers to a 1990s boom in new, animated prime-time shows, such as South Park, Family Guy, King of the Hill, Futurama and The Critic. For Family Guy creator Seth MacFarlane, \"The Simpsons created an audience for prime-time animation that had not been there for many, many years ... As far as I'm concerned, they basically re-invented the wheel. They created what is in many ways—you could classify it as—a wholly new medium.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.156006097793579, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Simpsons" }, { "answer": "King of the Hill", "passage": "The first programs to air as part of the Animation Domination lineup were American Dad! (which also had its beginnings in the lineup, and moved to TBS in October 2014 ), Family Guy (which returned to the network after a four-year cancellation when Animation Domination began), The Simpsons (the longest-running cartoon on Fox, predating the lineup by 16 years), and King of the Hill (which also predated the lineup by eight years). Animated shows currently airing as part of the lineup include Family Guy, The Simpsons and Bob's Burgers. In addition to King of the Hill, series that have previously aired on the lineup have included Sit Down, Shut Up; Allen Gregory; Napoleon Dynamite; and The Cleveland Show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.290497779846191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fox Broadcasting Company" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Margerita", "Bob and Rita", "Margarita glass", "Frozen margarita", "Margarita (cocktail)", "Margaritas", "Margarita (drink)", "Upside Down Margarita", "Margarita" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "margarita drink", "frozen margarita", "bob and rita", "margerita", "margarita glass", "margaritas", "upside down margarita", "margarita", "margarita cocktail" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "margarita", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Margarita" }

[ { "answer": "Margarita", "passage": "The margarita glass, frequently rimmed with salt or sugar, is a staple for the entire genre of tequila-based mixed drinks, including the margarita.", "precise_score": -3.8836135864257812, "rough_score": -5.60498046875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tequila" }, { "answer": "Margarita", "passage": "A variety of cocktails are made with tequila, including the margarita, a cocktail that helped make tequila popular in the United States. The traditional margarita uses tequila, Cointreau, and lime juice, though many variations exist. A popular cocktail in Mexico is the Paloma. Also, a number of martini variants involve tequila, and a large number of tequila drinks are made by adding fruit juice. These include the Tequila Sunrise and the Matador. Sodas and other carbonated drinks are a common mixer, as in the Tequila Slammer.", "precise_score": 0.454706072807312, "rough_score": -2.8150997161865234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tequila" }, { "answer": "Margarita", "passage": "In 2003, Mexico issued a proposal that would require all Mexican-made tequila be bottled in Mexico before being exported to other countries.[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/09/25/national/main575069.shtml Tequila Sparks U.S.-Mexico Flap]. Associated Press. CBS News. 2003-09-25. The Mexican government said that bottling tequila in Mexico would guarantee its quality. Liquor companies in the United States said Mexico just wanted to create bottling jobs in their own country, and also claimed this rule would violate international trade agreements and was in discord with usual exporting practices worldwide.[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10896928/ Salt, tequila, trade agreement]. MSNBC News Services. MSNBC. 2006-01-17. The proposal might have resulted in the loss of jobs at plants in California, Arkansas, Missouri, and Kentucky, because Mexican tequila exported in bulk to the United States is bottled in those plants. On January 17, 2006, the United States and Mexico signed an agreement allowing the continued bulk import of tequila into the United States.[http://www.caltradereport.com/eWebPages/front-page-1137970345.html Viva Margarita! US, Mexico Ink New Tequila Agreement]. CalTrade Report. 2006-01-23. The agreement also created a \"tequila bottlers registry\" to identify approved bottlers of tequila and created an agency to monitor the registry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.811809539794922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tequila" }, { "answer": "Margarita", "passage": "Several recipes claiming to be the original margarita include Cointreau as does the IBA-approved recipe for the cosmopolitan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.94103479385376, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cointreau" }, { "answer": "Margarita", "passage": "In the 1980s, Ex Avirex LTD., now Cockpit USA, issued an A-2 limited edition leather flight jacket featuring Cointreau Original Margarita nose art on the back of the jacket. In early 2008, burlesque entertainer Dita Von Teese became the new face of Cointreau's \"Be Cointreauversial\" advertising and marketing campaign, a campaign created in 2003 by the New York advertising agency KraftWorks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.268918991088867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Cointreau" }, { "answer": "Margarita", "passage": "Triple sec may be consumed neat as a digestif or on the rocks, but is more typically used as an ingredient in a variety of cocktails such as the sangria, margarita, Kamikaze, White Lady, Long Island Iced Tea, Sidecar, Skittle Bomb, Corpse Reviver #2 and Cosmopolitan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.355342864990234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Triple sec" }, { "answer": "Margarita", "passage": "Lime is an ingredient in several highball cocktails, often based on gin, such as gin and tonic, the gimlet and the Rickey. Freshly squeezed lime juice is also considered a key ingredient in margaritas, although sometimes lemon juice is substituted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.735507011413574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lime (fruit)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Pizza shop", "Pepperoni pizza", "Pizza places", "Pizza crust", "Pizza topping", "Pizze", "Italian Pie", "Pan pizza", "Pizza bread", "Kebabpizza", "Peetza", "Frozen pizza", "Pizza place", "Pizza Parlor", "Pizza parlors", "Stuffed crust pizza", "Marinara pizza", "Pizza puffs", "Pizaa", "Italian pizza", "Pizza puff", "Pizzas", "Pan Pizza", "Napoletana pizza", "Pizza Margherita", "🍕", "Hawaiian style", "Freezer pizza", "PIZZA", "Ninja Turtle Food", "Pizza dough", "Pizza Pie", "White pizza", "Anchovie pizza", "Pizza margherita", "Cheese pizza", "Grandma pizza", "Stuffed crust", "Pizza toppings", "Margherita (pizza)", "Pizza oven", "Pizza", "Pizzaria", "Piza", "Pizza pie", "Margherita pizza", "Pizza parlour" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "peetza", "pizza parlors", "pepperoni pizza", "pizzas", "pizza parlor", "pizza bread", "white pizza", "pizzaria", "ninja turtle food", "anchovie pizza", "pizze", "marinara pizza", "stuffed crust pizza", "pizza pie", "pizza puffs", "pizza parlour", "pizza crust", "pizza shop", "pan pizza", "italian pizza", "pizza toppings", "frozen pizza", "stuffed crust", "pizza places", "pizza", "napoletana pizza", "pizza margherita", "italian pie", "pizza place", "pizza topping", "pizza puff", "freezer pizza", "kebabpizza", "pizza dough", "cheese pizza", "pizaa", "piza", "🍕", "margherita pizza", "pizza oven", "grandma pizza", "hawaiian style" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "pizza", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Pizza" }

[ { "answer": "Pizza", "passage": "Celeste is a brand of frozen pizza owned by Pinnacle Foods. It is widely referred to by its former name Mama Celeste. The brand's slogan is \"Abbondanza\", which means \"Abundance\" in Italian.", "precise_score": 5.5001654624938965, "rough_score": 7.548126220703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Celeste (frozen pizza)" }, { "answer": "Pizza", "passage": "The product was named after Celeste (née Luise) Lizio (1908-1988) who carried the nickname \"Mama Celeste\". She came to the United States from Italy with her husband, Anthony, in the 1920s. They settled on Chicago's West Side, where they opened their first restaurant in 1932. In 1962, the Lizios closed the restaurant and began selling pizzas to other restaurants. The Quaker Oats Company acquired the product in 1969. Celeste frozen pizza was one of the top selling brands in the 1970s but subsequently experienced declines. The Celeste brand was later acquired by Aurora Foods, and then Pinnacle Foods.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.487917900085449, "source": "wiki", "title": "Celeste (frozen pizza)" }, { "answer": "Pizza", "passage": "As of 2012, Pinnacle Foods marketed only frozen, microwavable \"Pizza For One\" varieties of Celeste pizzas. Distribution is now restricted to more regional markets. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.290762901306152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Celeste (frozen pizza)" }, { "answer": "Pizza", "passage": "*In numerous 1980s movies, the pizza brand can be seen in background shots, such as Harry and the Hendersons (1987).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.442585945129395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Celeste (frozen pizza)" }, { "answer": "Pizza", "passage": "*In Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead (1991), Sue Ellen uses a Celeste pizza box to decide who gets a job.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.909995079040527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Celeste (frozen pizza)" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Post", "Post (album)", "POST", "Post (disambiguation)", "Posting" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "post", "post album", "posting", "post disambiguation" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "post", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Post" }

[ { "answer": "Post", "passage": "Fruity Pebbles and Cocoa Pebbles are brands of breakfast cereal introduced by Post Foods in 1971 featuring characters from the animated series The Flintstones as spokestoons. Cocoa Pebbles contains chocolate-flavored crisp rice cereal bits, while Fruity Pebbles contains crisp rice cereal bits that come in a variety of fruit flavors with a sugar content of 9 grams per serving for Fruity Pebbles and 10 grams per serving for Cocoa Pebbles. It is the oldest cereal brand based on characters from a TV series or movie. ", "precise_score": 0.5366112589836121, "rough_score": 0.03975239768624306, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pebbles cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "Fruity Pebbles and Cocoa Pebbles Cereal were reintroductions of a low share of market Post children's cereal brand called Sugar Rice Krinkles. The Product Group Manager at the time, Larry Weiss, licensed use of The Flintstones for cereal from Hanna-Barbera in an attempt to reinvigorate the children's cereal business for Post Cereals. Prior to that time, character licensing had been used for promotion, but there had never been a brand created around a media character. The brand was marketed despite internal concern it would be a fad and not last more than a year. Cocoa Pebbles and Fruity Pebbles were simultaneously introduced on the West Coast in 1969 and strong consumer demand led to national distribution. The brand has been one of the most consistent best sellers ever since. ", "precise_score": -0.057318273931741714, "rough_score": -0.31726938486099243, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pebbles cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "Honey Bunches of Oats is a cold cereal by Post Holdings. Created by lifelong Post employee Vernon J. Herzing by mixing several Post's cereals together and having his daughter taste them, Honey Bunches of Oats was introduced to markets in 1989 after three years of development. The cereal is made up of three kinds of flakes and oat clusters baked with a hint of honey. It is marketed as a source of whole grain. Other varieties have almonds or fruits added into the mix. ", "precise_score": -0.09540959447622299, "rough_score": 0.10493406653404236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honey Bunches of Oats" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "The second major innovator in the cereal industry was Charles W. Post, a salesman who was admitted to Kellogg's sanitarium as a patient in the late 1800s. While there, he grew deeply impressed with their all-grain diet. Upon his release, he began experimenting with grain products, beginning with an all-grain coffee substitute called Postum. In 1898 he introduced Grape-nuts, the concentrated cereal with a nutty flavor (containing neither grapes or nuts). Good business sense, determination, and powerful advertising produced a multimillion-dollar fortune for Post in a few years. After his death, his company acquired the Jell-O company in 1925, Baker's chocolate in 1927, Maxwell House coffee in 1928, and Birdseye frozen foods in 1929. In 1929, the company changed its name to General Foods. In 1985, Philip Morris Tobacco Company bought General Foods for $5.6 billion and merged it with its Kraft division. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8917258977890015, "source": "wiki", "title": "Breakfast cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "Because of Kellogg and Post, the city of Battle Creek, Michigan is nicknamed the \"Cereal Capital of the World\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.92056941986084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Breakfast cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "The original working names for the companion cereals were Flint Chips and Rubble Stones, consistent with the appearance of the cereal and The Flintstone's Stone Age imagery. Frank Corey, Benton & Bowles' creative head for the Post Cereal business suggested the alternative names Cocoa Pebbles and Fruity Pebbles, which were adopted. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.133541107177734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pebbles cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "The earliest commercials produced by Post's ad agency D'Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles with cooperation from Hanna-Barbera featured the animated Fred Flintstone and Barney Rubble (as voiced by Alan Reed and Mel Blanc, respectively) interacting cheerfully with live-action children, eating the cereal around a typical household breakfast table; others showed Fred and Barney enjoying the cereal with their wives around their Bedrock breakfast table or in other locales and situations in Bedrock. Commercials after about 1978 were entirely animated, and would have a typical skit and plot. Fred would be eating some Pebbles while Barney would want some as well; to that end, Barney would either disguise himself or distract Fred from his bowl of the cereal using various creative and increasingly outrageous means. While Fred was distracted, Barney would eat some Pebbles, but Fred would quickly discover Barney's lies, usually due to Barney's excitement at eating the cereal would cause his costume to be destroyed. Angry about his breakfast being stolen, he would normally exclaim, \"Barney! My Pebbles!\" Barney would then chuckle and deliver a comedic line while running away from the angry Fred, and Fred would give chase. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.302892684936523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pebbles cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "A 1989 Christmas commercial had changed the theme in which Barney attempts to steal Fred's Pebbles by disguising himself as Santa Claus. However, his plot was foiled as the real Santa Claus was already inside the Flintstone house (and Fred serves him a bowl without question). Barney as the imposter Santa is immediately discovered by an annoyed Fred, until Santa reminds Fred this is the time of year to be sharing, to which Fred willingly serves Barney a bowl and remarks \"Happy Holidays, pal\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.713811874389648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pebbles cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "In May 2010, a controversial commercial of Cocoa Pebbles led to a lawsuit by Hulk Hogan. In spring of 2010, a commercial where Barney and Fred face off against a wrestler named Hulk Boulder aired on TV. The commercial ended with Hulk Boulder getting smashed to pieces after losing the wrestling match. Hulk Hogan sued Post, saying they stole his image to promote Pebbles and that his image had been damaged by the commercials. He used the name Hulk Boulder early in his career until his name was changed to sound more Irish. The suit was settled in June of 2010 with a condition of not airing the commercial again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.80458927154541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pebbles cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "In 2010, Post introduced a new cake batter flavor of pebbles called Cupcake Pebbles. The cereal is white with small rainbow sprinkles, and has the aroma of cupcakes. It was discontinued in 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.271657466888428, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pebbles cereal" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "Grape-Nuts is a breakfast cereal developed in 1897 by C. W. Post, a former patient and later competitor of the 19th-century breakfast food innovator, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg. Despite the name, the cereal contains neither grapes nor nuts; it is made with wheat and barley. Post believed that glucose (which he called \"grape sugar\") formed in the baking process. This, combined with the nutty flavor of the cereal, is said to have inspired its name. Another explanation originates from employees at Post, who claim that the cereal got its name due to a resemblance to grape seeds, or grape \"nuts.\" The cereal originally prepared by C. W. Post when developing the product was a batter that came from the oven as a rigid sheet. He then broke the sheet into pieces and ran them through a coffee grinder to produce the \"nut\" sized kernels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2184011936187744, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grape-Nuts" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "Grape-Nuts is credited as the first widespread product to use a coupon in sales promotion when C.W. Post Company offered a penny-off coupon to get people to try their cereal in the late 1890s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.427621364593506, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grape-Nuts" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "At one time, Grape-Nuts was the seventh most popular cold breakfast cereal, but sales declined as Post was sold from one company to another. Circa 2005 it held less than 1% of the market. About this time the formula was changed: The husks from milled grain were ground into the flour and the cereal was pitched as \"whole grain,\" albeit at the cost of roughening the cereal's texture and detracting significantly from mouth feel. The addition of vitamins and minerals allowed it to qualify for food-stamp programs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.082663059234619, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grape-Nuts" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "Current, past, and limited editions [http://www.postfoods.com/cereals/honey_bunches_of_oats/]:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.794320106506348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Honey Bunches of Oats" }, { "answer": "Post", "passage": "Raisin bran (sultana bran in some countries ) is a breakfast cereal manufactured by several companies under a variety of brand names, including Kellogg's Raisin Bran, General Mills' Total Raisin Bran and Post Foods' Post Raisin Bran.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5732154846191406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Raisin Bran" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the tide gradually turned against the Nazis, who suffered major military defeats in 1943. Large-scale aerial bombing of Germany escalated in 1944, and the Axis powers were pushed back in Eastern and Southern Europe. Following the Allied invasion of France, Germany was conquered by the Soviet Union from the east and the other Allied powers from the west and capitulated within a year. Hitler's refusal to admit defeat led to massive destruction of German infrastructure and additional war-related deaths in the closing months of the war. The victorious Allies initiated a policy of denazification and put many of the surviving Nazi leadership on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials.", "precise_score": -1.3858906030654907, "rough_score": 0.11856898665428162, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazi Germany" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "The Allied powers organised war crimes trials, beginning with the Nuremberg trials, held from November 1945 to October 1946, of 23 top Nazi officials. They were charged with four counts—conspiracy to commit crimes, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity—in violation of international laws governing warfare. All but three of the defendants were found guilty; twelve were sentenced to death. The victorious Allies outlawed the NSDAP and its subsidiary organisations. The display or use of Nazi symbolism such as flags, swastikas, or greetings, is illegal in Germany and Austria, and other restrictions, mainly on public display, apply in various countries. See Swastika § Post-WWII stigmatization for details.", "precise_score": 3.71008563041687, "rough_score": 3.2764108180999756, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazi Germany" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Conspiracy law was used at the Nuremberg Trials for members of the Nazi leadership charged with participating in a \"conspiracy or common plan\" to commit international crimes. This was controversial because conspiracy was not a part of the European civil law tradition. Nonetheless, the crime of conspiracy continued in international criminal justice, and was incorporated into the international criminal laws against genocide.", "precise_score": -0.10798574239015579, "rough_score": -0.7792782187461853, "source": "wiki", "title": "Conspiracy (criminal)" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "A crime against peace, in international law, refers to \"planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing\". This definition of crimes against peace was first incorporated into the Nuremberg Principles and later included in the United Nations Charter. This definition would play a part in defining aggression as a crime against peace. It can also refer to the core international crimes set out in Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression) which adopted crimes negotiated previously in the Draft code of crimes against the peace and security of mankind.", "precise_score": -5.9730544090271, "rough_score": -0.8593279719352722, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crime against peace" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In regard to the strategic bombing during World War II, it should be noticed that at the time, there was no international treaty or instrument protecting a civilian population specifically from attack by aircraft, therefore the aerial attacks on civilians were not officially war crimes. Because of this, the Allies at the trials in Nuremberg and Tokyo never prosecuted the Germans, including Luftwaffe commander-in-chief Hermann Göring, for the bombing raids on Warsaw, Rotterdam, and British cities during the Blitz as well as the indiscriminate attacks on Allied cities with V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets nor the Japanese for the aerial attacks on crowded Chinese cities. Although there are no treaties specific to aerial warfare, Protocol 1, Article 51 of the Geneva Conventions explicitly prohibits the bombardment of cities where civilian population might be concentrated regardless of any method. (see Aerial bombardment and international law).", "precise_score": -2.0442099571228027, "rough_score": -2.841456174850464, "source": "wiki", "title": "War crime" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In the aftermath of the Second World War, the London Charter of the International Military Tribunal was the decree that set down the laws and procedures by which the post-War Nuremberg trials were to be conducted. The drafters of this document were faced with the problem of how to respond to the Holocaust and grave crimes committed by the Nazi regime. A traditional understanding of war crimes gave no provision for crimes committed by a power on its own citizens. Therefore, Article 6 of the Charter was drafted to include not only traditional war crimes and crimes against peace, but in paragraph 6 (c) Crimes Against Humanity, defined as", "precise_score": -3.313944101333618, "rough_score": -3.204526662826538, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crimes against humanity" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "After Nuremberg, there was no international court with jurisdiction over crimes against humanity for almost 50 years. Work continued on developing the definition of crimes against humanity at the United Nations, however. In 1947, the International Law Commission was charged by the United Nations General Assembly with the formulation of the principles of international law recognized and reinforced in the Nuremberg Charter and judgment, and with drafting a ‘code of offenses against the peace and security of mankind’. Completed fifty years later in 1996, the Draft Code defined crimes against humanity as various inhumane acts, i.e., \"murder, extermination, torture, enslavement, persecution on political, racial, religious or ethnic grounds, institutionalized discrimination, arbitrary deportation or forcible transfer of population, arbitrary imprisonment, rape, enforced prostitution and other inhuman acts committed in a systematic manner or on a large scale and instigated or directed by a Government or by any organization or group.\" This definition differs from the one used in Nuremberg, where the criminal acts were to have been committed “before or during the war”, thus establishing a nexus between crimes against humanity and armed conflict. ", "precise_score": -7.412531852722168, "rough_score": -0.9775387048721313, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crimes against humanity" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "After the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials of 1945-1946, the next international tribunal with jurisdiction over crimes against humanity was not established for another five decades. In response to atrocities committed in the 1990s, multiple ad hoc tribunals were established with jurisdiction over crimes against humanity. The statutes of the International Criminal Court, the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugolavia and for Rwanda each contain different definitions of crimes against humanity. ", "precise_score": -3.2910897731781006, "rough_score": -0.5336461067199707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crimes against humanity" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Beginning in April 1933, scores of measures defining the status of Jews and their rights were instituted at the regional and national level. Initiatives and legal mandates against the Jews reached their culmination with the establishment of the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, stripping them of their basic rights. The Nazis would take from the Jews their wealth, their right to intermarry with non-Jews, and their right to occupy many fields of labour (such as practising law, medicine, or working as educators). They eventually declared them undesirable to remain among German citizens and society, which over time dehumanised the Jews; arguably, these actions desensitised Germans to the extent that it resulted in the Holocaust. Ethnic Germans who refused to ostracise Jews or who showed any signs of resistance to Nazi propaganda were placed under surveillance by the Gestapo, had their rights removed, or were sent to concentration camps. Everyone and everything was monitored in Nazi Germany. Inaugurating and legitimising power for the Nazis was thus accomplished by their initial revolutionary activities, then through the improvisation and manipulation of the legal mechanisms available, through the use of police powers by the Nazi Party (which allowed them to include and exclude from society whomever they chose), and finally by the expansion of authority for all state and federal institutions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.517072677612305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazi Germany" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In September 1935 the Nuremberg Laws were enacted. These laws initially prohibited sexual relations and marriages between Aryans and Jews and were later extended to include \"Gypsies, Negroes or their bastard offspring\". The law also forbade the employment of German women under the age of 45 as domestic servants in Jewish households. The Reich Citizenship Law stated that only those of \"German or related blood\" were eligible for citizenship. At the same time the Nazis used propaganda to promulgate the concept of Rassenschande (race defilement) to justify the need for a restrictive law. Thus Jews and other non-Aryans were stripped of their German citizenship. The wording of the law also potentially allowed the Nazis to deny citizenship to anyone who was not supportive enough of the regime. A supplementary decree issued in November defined as Jewish anyone with three Jewish grandparents, or two grandparents if the Jewish faith was followed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.497623920440674, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazi Germany" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Hitler took a personal interest in architecture, and worked closely with state architects Paul Troost and Albert Speer to create public buildings in a neoclassical style based on Roman architecture. Speer constructed imposing structures such as the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg and a new Reich Chancellery building in Berlin. Hitler's plans for rebuilding Berlin included a gigantic dome based on the Pantheon in Rome and a triumphal arch more than double the height of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Neither of these structures were ever built.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.461121559143066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazi Germany" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will (1935), documenting the 1934 Nuremberg Rally, and Olympia (1938), covering the 1936 Summer Olympics, pioneered techniques of camera movement and editing that influenced later films. New techniques such as telephoto lenses and cameras mounted on tracks were employed. Both films remain controversial, as their aesthetic merit is inseparable from their propagandising of national socialist ideals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.418922424316406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazi Germany" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Prior to the Nazi ascension to power, Hitler often blamed moral degradation on Rassenschande (racial defilement), a way to assure his followers of his continuing antisemitism, which had been toned down for popular consumption. Prior to the induction of the Nuremberg Race Laws in 1935 by the Nazis, many German nationalists such as Roland Freisler strongly supported laws to ban Rassenschande between Aryans and Jews as racial treason. Even before the laws were officially passed, the Nazis banned sexual relations and marriages between party members and Jews. Party members found guilty of Rassenschande were heavily punished; some members were even sentenced to death. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.664957523345947, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazism" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In its racial categorisation, Nazism viewed what it called the Aryan race as the master race of the world—a race that was superior to all other races. It viewed Aryans as being in racial conflict with a mixed race people, the Jews, whom Nazis identified as a dangerous enemy of the Aryans. It also viewed a number of other peoples as dangerous to the well-being of the Aryan race. In order to preserve the perceived racial purity of the Aryan race, a set of race laws were introduced in 1935 which came to be known as the Nuremberg Laws. At first these laws only prevented sexual relations and marriages between Germans and Jews, but were later extended to the \"Gypsies, Negroes, and their bastard offspring\", who were described by the Nazis as people of \"alien blood\". Such relations between Aryans (cf. Aryan certificate) and non-Aryans were now punishable under the race laws as Rassenschande or \"race defilement\". After the war began, the race defilement law was extended to include all foreigners (non-Germans). At the bottom of the racial scale of non-Aryans were Jews, Romani,Slavs and blacks. To maintain the \"purity and strength\" of the Aryan race, the Nazis eventually sought to exterminate Jews, Romani, Slavs, and the physically and mentally disabled. Other groups deemed \"degenerate\" and \"asocial\" who were not targeted for extermination, but received exclusionary treatment by the Nazi state, included homosexuals, blacks, Jehovah's Witnesses, and political opponents. One of Hitler's ambitions at the start of the war was to exterminate, expel, or enslave most or all Slavs from central and eastern Europe in order to make living space for German settlers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.898645401000977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazism" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "The Nazis utilised Protestant Martin Luther in their propaganda. They publicly displayed an original of Luther's On the Jews and their Lies during the annual Nuremberg rallies. The Nazis endorsed the pro-Nazi Protestant German Christians organisation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.773831367492676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nazism" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Nuremberg Principles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869524002075195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crime against peace" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In 1945, the London Charter of the International Military Tribunal defined three categories of crimes, including crimes against peace. This definition was first used in Finland to prosecute the political leadership in the War-responsibility trials in Finland. The principles were later known as the Nuremberg Principles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.814806938171387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crime against peace" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In 1950, the Nuremberg Tribunal defined Crimes against Peace (in Principle VI.a, submitted to the United Nations General Assembly) as", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.220510482788086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crime against peace" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "For committing this crime, the Nuremberg Tribunal sentenced a number of persons responsible for starting World War II. One consequence of this is that nations who are starting an armed conflict must now argue that they are either exercising the right of self-defense, the right of collective defense, or - it seems - the enforcement of the criminal law of jus cogens. It has made formal declaration of war uncommon after 1945.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.672219276428223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crime against peace" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Associate Supreme Court Justice William Douglas charged that the Allies were guilty of \"substituting power for principle\" at Nuremberg. \"I thought at the time and still think that the Nuremberg trials were unprincipled.\", he wrote. \"Law was created ex post facto to suit the passion and clamor of the time.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.629416465759277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crime against peace" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In the judgment of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, which followed World War II, \"War is essentially an evil thing. Its consequences are not confined to the belligerent states alone, but affect the whole world. To initiate a war of aggression, therefore, is not only an international crime; it is the supreme international crime differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.139381408691406, "source": "wiki", "title": "War of aggression" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "The Nuremberg Principles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.63375186920166, "source": "wiki", "title": "War of aggression" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In 1945, the London Charter of the International Military Tribunal defined three categories of crimes, including crimes against peace. This definition was first used by Finland to prosecute the political leadership in the war-responsibility trials in Finland. The principles were later known as the Nuremberg Principles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.689377307891846, "source": "wiki", "title": "War of aggression" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "In 1950, the Nuremberg Tribunal defined Crimes against Peace, in Principle VI, specifically Principle VI(a), submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, as: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.728312969207764, "source": "wiki", "title": "War of aggression" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "See: Nuremberg Trials: \"The legal basis for the jurisdiction of the court was that defined by the Instrument of Surrender of Germany, political authority for Germany had been transferred to the Allied Control Council, which having sovereign power over Germany could choose to punish violations of international law and the laws of war. Because the court was limited to violations of the laws of war, it did not have jurisdiction over crimes that took place before the outbreak of war on September 1, 1939.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.224499225616455, "source": "wiki", "title": "War of aggression" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "For committing this crime, the Nuremberg Tribunal sentenced a number of persons responsible for starting World War II. One consequence of this is that nations who are starting an armed conflict must now argue that they are either exercising the right of self-defense, the right of collective defense, or - it seems - the enforcement of the criminal law of jus cogens. It has made formal declaration of war uncommon after 1945.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.672219276428223, "source": "wiki", "title": "War of aggression" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Associate Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas charged that the Allies were guilty of \"substituting power for principle\" at Nuremberg. \"I thought at the time and still think that the Nuremberg trials were unprincipled.\", he wrote. \"Law was created ex post facto to suit the passion and clamor of the time.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.37748908996582, "source": "wiki", "title": "War of aggression" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "The relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations mentioned in the RSICC article 5.2 were framed to include the Nuremberg Principles. The specific principle is Principle VI.a \"Crimes against peace\", which was based on the provisions of the London Charter of the International Military Tribunal that was issued in 1945 and formed the basis for the post World War II war crime trials. The Charters provisions based on the Nuremberg Principle VI.a are:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.868366241455078, "source": "wiki", "title": "War of aggression" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "The concept of war crimes began to emerge during the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century when the body of customary international law applicable to warfare between sovereign states was codified. Such codification occurred at the national level, such as with the publication of the Lieber Code in the United States, and at the international level with the adoption of the treaties during the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Moreover, trials in national courts during this period further helped clarify the law. Following the end of World War II, major developments in the law occurred. Numerous trials of Axis war criminals established the Nuremberg principles, such as notion that war crimes constituted crimes defined by international law. Additionally, the Geneva Conventions in 1949 defined new war crimes and established that states could exercise universal jurisdiction over such crimes. In the late 20th century and early 21st century, following the creation of several international courts, additional categories of war crimes applicable to armed conflicts other than those between states, such as civil wars. The United States and Israel are the only OECD countries that do not accept war crime jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) over its nationals, since they have not signed the Rome Statute. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.142477989196777, "source": "wiki", "title": "War crime" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "London Charter / Nuremberg Trials 1945 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.378587245941162, "source": "wiki", "title": "War crime" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "The modern concept of war crime was further developed under the auspices of the Nuremberg Trials based on the definition in the London Charter that was published on August 8, 1945. (Also see Nuremberg Principles.) Along with war crimes the charter also defined crimes against peace and crimes against humanity, which are often committed during wars and in concert with war crimes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.435429096221924, "source": "wiki", "title": "War crime" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "War crimes are significant in international humanitarian law because it is an area where international tribunals such as the Nuremberg Trials and Tokyo Trials have been convened. Recent examples are the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, which were established by the UN Security Council acting under Chapter VIII of the UN Charter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.813078880310059, "source": "wiki", "title": "War crime" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Under the Nuremberg Principles, war crimes are different from crimes against peace which is planning, preparing, initiating, or waging a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements, or assurances.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.641161918640137, "source": "wiki", "title": "War crime" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population or an identifiable part of a population. The first prosecution for crimes against humanity took place at the Nuremberg Trials. Crimes against humanity have since been prosecuted by other international courts - such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Court, as well as in domestic prosecutions. The law of crimes against humanity has primarily developed through the evolution of customary international law. Crimes against humanity are not codified in an international convention, although there is currently an international effort to establish such a treaty, led by the Crimes Against Humanity Initiative.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.290428161621094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crimes against humanity" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Nuremberg trials", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.967829704284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crimes against humanity" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Neither the Nuremberg or Tokyo Charters contained an explicit provision recognizing sexual and gender-based crimes as war crimes or crimes against humanity, although Control Council Law No. 10 recognized rape as a crime against humanity. The statutes of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda both included rape as a crime against humanity. The ICC is the first international instrument expressly to include various forms of sexual and gender-based crimes including rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilisation, and other forms of sexual violence as both an underlying act of crimes against humanity and war crime committed in international and/or non-international armed conflicts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.935309886932373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crimes against humanity" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "Unlike genocide and war crimes, which have been widely recognized and prohibited in international criminal law since the establishment of the Nuremberg principles, there has never been a comprehensive convention on crimes against humanity, even though such crimes are continuously perpetrated worldwide in numerous conflicts and crises. There are eleven international texts defining crimes against humanity, but they all differ slightly as to their definition of that crime and its legal elements. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.108186721801758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crimes against humanity" }, { "answer": "Nuremberg", "passage": "This definition of crimes against humanity revived the original ‘Nuremberg’ nexus with armed conflict, connecting crimes against humanity to both international and non-international armed conflict. It also expanded the list of criminal acts used in Nuremberg to include imprisonment, torture and rape. Cherif Bassiouni has argued that this definition was necessary as the conflict in the former Yugoslavia was considered to be a conflict of both an international and non-international nature. Therefore, this adjusted definition of crimes against humanity was necessary to afford the tribunal jurisdiction over this crime. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.317854881286621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Crimes against humanity" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Bubble Boy", "passage": "Season four marked the sitcom's entry into the Nielsen ratings Top 30, coinciding with several popular episodes, like \"The Bubble Boy\", where George and the bubble boy are arguing over Trivial Pursuit, and \"The Junior Mint\" where Jerry and Kramer accidentally fumble a mint in the operating room. This was the first season to use a story arc where Jerry and George create their own sitcom, Jerry. Also at this time, the use of Jerry's stand-up act slowly declined, and the stand-up segment in the middle of Seinfeld episodes was cut.", "precise_score": -4.668290615081787, "rough_score": -8.000258445739746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. The state is with its 97,000-plus square miles the tenth largest by area, but having less than 600,000 people the least populous and the second least densely populated of the 50 united states. Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, on the southwest by Utah, and on the west by Idaho. Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city in Wyoming, with a population estimate of 62,448 in 2013.", "precise_score": -10.648127555847168, "rough_score": -9.97387409210205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "As specified in the designating legislation for the Territory of Wyoming, Wyoming's borders are lines of latitude, 41°N and 45°N, and longitude, 104°3'W and 111°3'W (27° W and 34° W of the Washington Meridian), making the shape of the state a latitude-longitude quadrangle. Wyoming is one of only three states (along with Colorado and Utah) to have borders along only straight latitudinal and longitudinal lines, rather than being defined by natural landmarks. Due to surveying inaccuracies during the 19th century, Wyoming's legal border deviates from the true latitude and longitude lines by up to half of a mile (0.8 km) in some spots, especially in the mountainous region along the 45th parallel. Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, on the southwest by Utah, and on the west by Idaho. It is the tenth largest state in the United States in total area, containing 97814 sqmi and is made up of 23 counties. From the north border to the south border it is 276 mi; and from the east to the west border is 365 mi at its south end and 342 mi at the north end.", "precise_score": -10.780790328979492, "rough_score": -10.42851734161377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Several Native American groups originally inhabited the region now known as Wyoming. The Crow, Arapaho, Lakota, and Shoshone were but a few of the original inhabitants encountered when white explorers first entered the region. What is now southwestern Wyoming became a part of the Spanish Empire and later Mexican territory of Alta California, until it was ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican–American War. French-Canadian trappers from Québec and Montréal went into the state in the late 18th century, leaving French toponyms such as Téton, La Ramie, etc. John Colter, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, itself guided by French Canadian Toussaint Charbonneau and his young Shoshone wife, Sacagawea, first described the region in 1807. At the time, his reports of the Yellowstone area were considered to be fictional. Robert Stuart and a party of five men returning from Astoria discovered South Pass in 1812. The Oregon Trail later followed that route. In 1850, Jim Bridger located what is now known as Bridger Pass, which the Union Pacific Railroad used in 1868—as did Interstate 80, 90 years later. Bridger also explored Yellowstone and filed reports on the region that, like those of Colter, were largely regarded as tall tales at the time.", "precise_score": -10.69862174987793, "rough_score": -8.61268138885498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The region had acquired the name Wyoming by 1865, when Representative James Mitchell Ashley of Ohio introduced a bill to Congress to provide a \"temporary government for the territory of Wyoming\". The territory was named after the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, made famous by the 1809 poem Gertrude of Wyoming by Thomas Campbell, based on the Battle of Wyoming in the American Revolutionary War. The name ultimately derives from the Munsee word ', meaning \"at the big river flat.\" ", "precise_score": -10.895931243896484, "rough_score": -10.088261604309082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "After the Union Pacific Railroad had reached the town of Cheyenne in 1867, the region's population began to grow steadily, and the federal government established the Wyoming Territory on July 25, 1868. Unlike mineral-rich Colorado, Wyoming lacked significant deposits of gold and silver, as well as Colorado's subsequent population boom. However, South Pass City did experience a short-lived boom after the Carissa Mine began producing gold in 1867. Furthermore, copper was mined in some areas between the Sierra Madre Mountains and the Snowy Range near Grand Encampment. ", "precise_score": -10.66289234161377, "rough_score": -9.726493835449219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "On December 10, 1869, territorial Governor John Allen Campbell extended the right to vote to women, making Wyoming the first territory and then U.S. state to grant suffrage to women. In addition, Wyoming was also a pioneer in welcoming women into politics. Women first served on juries in Wyoming (Laramie in 1870); Wyoming had the first female court bailiff (Mary Atkinson, Laramie, in 1870); and the first female justice of the peace in the country (Esther Hobart Morris, South Pass City, in 1870). Also, in 1924, Wyoming became the first state to elect a female governor, Nellie Tayloe Ross, who took office in January 1925. Due to its civil-rights history, Wyoming's state nickname is \"The Equality State\", and the official state motto is \"Equal Rights\". ", "precise_score": -2.902070999145508, "rough_score": -4.018163681030273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming's constitution included women's suffrage and a pioneering article on water rights. Congress admitted Wyoming into the Union as the 44th state on July 10, 1890.", "precise_score": 5.790526390075684, "rough_score": 5.235576629638672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming was the location of the Johnson County War of 1892, which erupted between competing groups of cattle ranchers. The passage of the federal Homestead Act led to an influx of small ranchers. A range war broke out when either or both of the groups chose violent conflict over commercial competition in the use of the public land.", "precise_score": -10.455527305603027, "rough_score": -10.577415466308594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "A 2010 ARDA report recognized as the largest denominations in Wyoming the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) with 62,804 (11%), the Catholic Church with 61,222 (10.8%) and the Southern Baptist Convention with 15,812 adherents (2.8%). The same report counted 59,247 Evangelical Protestants (10.5%), 36,539 Mainline Protestants (6.5%), 785 Eastern Orthodox Christians; 281 Black Protestants, as well as 65,000 adhering to other traditions and 340,552 unclaimed. ", "precise_score": -11.092548370361328, "rough_score": -10.669549942016602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The Wyoming state legislature comprises a House of Representatives with 60 members and a Senate with 30 members.", "precise_score": -10.523788452148438, "rough_score": -9.944025039672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Before 1972, Wyoming judges were selected by popular vote on a nonpartisan ballot. This earlier system was criticized by the state bar who called for the adoption of the Missouri Plan, a system designed to balance judiciary independence with judiciary accountability. In 1972, an amendment to article 5 of the Wyoming Constitution, which incorporated a modified version of the plan, was adopted by the voters. Since the adoption of the amendment, all state court judges in Wyoming are nominated by the Judicial Nominating Commission and appointed by the Governor. They are then subject to a retention vote by the electorate after one year from appointment. ", "precise_score": -11.050042152404785, "rough_score": -10.020405769348145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming's political history defies easy classification. The state was the first to grant women the right to vote and to elect a woman governor. On December 10, 1869, John Allen Campbell, the first Governor of the Wyoming Territory, approved the first law in United States history explicitly granting women the right to vote. This day was later commemorated as Wyoming Day. On November 5, 1889, voters approved the first constitution in the world granting full voting rights to women. ", "precise_score": -7.515244960784912, "rough_score": -6.5269455909729, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "While the state elected notable Democrats to federal office in the 1960s and 1970s, politics have become decidedly more conservative since the 1980s as the Republican Party came to dominate the state's congressional delegation. Today, Wyoming is represented in Washington by its two Senators, Mike Enzi and John Barrasso, and its one member of the House of Representatives, Congresswoman Cynthia Lummis. All three are Republicans. The state has not voted for a Democrat for president since 1964, one of only eight times since statehood. At present, there are only two relatively reliably Democratic counties: affluent Teton and college county Albany. In the 2004 presidential election, George W. Bush won his second-largest victory, with 69% of the vote. Former Vice President Dick Cheney is a Wyoming resident and represented the state in Congress from 1979 to 1989.", "precise_score": -10.910911560058594, "rough_score": -7.398364543914795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Republicans are no less dominant at the state level. They have held a majority in the state senate continuously since 1936 and in the state house since 1964. However, Democrats held the governorship for all but eight years between 1975 and 2011. Uniquely, Wyoming elected Democrat Nellie Tayloe Ross as the first woman in U.S. history to serve as state governor. She served from 1925 to 1927 after winning a special election after her husband, William Bradford Ross, unexpectedly died a little more than a year into his term. ", "precise_score": -11.014180183410645, "rough_score": -8.4426851272583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* State nicknames: Equality State; Cowboy State; Big Wonderful Wyoming", "precise_score": -2.8025240898132324, "rough_score": -4.148416042327881, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* State seal: Great Seal of the State of Wyoming", "precise_score": -10.100296974182129, "rough_score": -10.70447826385498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The Great Plains meet the Rocky Mountains in Wyoming. The state is a great plateau broken by many mountain ranges. Surface elevations range from the summit of Gannett Peak in the Wind River Mountain Range, at 13804 ft, to the Belle Fourche River valley in the state's northeast corner, at 3125 ft. In the northwest are the Absaroka, Owl Creek, Gros Ventre, Wind River and the Teton ranges. In the north central are the Big Horn Mountains; in the northeast, the Black Hills; and in the southern region the Laramie, Snowy and Sierra Madre ranges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.073139190673828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The Continental Divide spans north-south across the central portion of the state. Rivers east of the divide drain into the Missouri River Basin and eventually the Gulf of Mexico. They are the North Platte, Wind, Big Horn and the Yellowstone rivers. The Snake River in northwest Wyoming eventually drains into the Columbia River and the Pacific Ocean, as does the Green River through the Colorado River Basin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226045608520508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The Continental Divide forks in the south central part of the state in an area known as the Great Divide Basin where the waters that flow or precipitate into this area remain there and cannot flow to any ocean. Instead, because of the overall aridity of Wyoming, water in the Great Divide Basin simply sinks into the soil or evaporates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.867948532104492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming has 32 named islands, of which the majority are located in Jackson Lake and Yellowstone Lake within Yellowstone National Park in the northwest portion of the state. The Green River in the southwest also contains a number of islands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290576934814453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "More than 48% of the land in Wyoming is owned by the U.S. government, leading Wyoming to rank sixth in the U.S. in total acres and fifth in percentage of a state's land owned by the federal government. This amounts to about 30099430 acre owned and managed by the U.S. government. The state government owns an additional 6% of all Wyoming lands, or another 3864800 acre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08387565612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "In addition, Wyoming contains areas that are under the management of the National Park Service and other agencies. They include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339217185974121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Independence Rock (Wyoming)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.197999954223633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.436136245727539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming's climate is generally semi-arid and continental (Köppen climate classification BSk), and is drier and windier in comparison to most of the United States with greater temperature extremes. Much of this is due to the topography of the state. Summers in Wyoming are warm with July high temperatures averaging between 85 and in most of the state. With increasing elevation, however, this average drops rapidly with locations above 9000 ft averaging around 70 °F. Summer nights throughout the state are characterized by a rapid cooldown with even the hottest locations averaging in the 50 – range at night. In most of the state, most of the precipitation tends to fall in the late spring and early summer. Winters are cold, but are variable with periods of sometimes extreme cold interspersed between generally mild periods, with Chinook winds providing unusually warm temperatures in some locations. Wyoming is a dry state with much of the land receiving less than 10 in of rainfall per year. Precipitation depends on elevation with lower areas in the Big Horn Basin averaging 5 - (making the area nearly a true desert). The lower areas in the North and on the eastern plains typically average around 10 -, making the climate there semi-arid. Some mountain areas do receive a good amount of precipitation, 20 in or more, much of it as snow, sometimes 200 in or more annually. The state's highest recorded temperature is 114 F at Basin on July 12, 1900 and the lowest recorded temperature is at Riverside on February 9, 1933.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.836708068847656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Once government-sponsored expeditions to the Yellowstone country began, reports by Colter and Bridger, previously believed to be apocryphal, were found to be true. This led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park, which became the world's first national park in 1872. Nearly all of Yellowstone National Park lies within the far northwestern borders of Wyoming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740776062011719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Wyoming was 586,107 on July 1, 2015, a 3.99% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The center of population of Wyoming is located in Natrona County. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216205596923828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "As of 2015, Wyoming had an estimated population of 586,107, which was an increase of 1,954, or 0.29%, from the prior year and an increase of 22,481, or 3.99%, since the 2010 census. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 12,165 people (that is 33,704 births minus 21,539 deaths) and an increase from net migration of 4,035 people into the state. Immigration resulted in a net increase of 2,264 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 1,771 people. In 2004, the foreign-born population was 11,000 (2.2%). In 2005, total births in Wyoming numbered 7,231 (birth rate of 14.04 per thousand). Sparsely populated, Wyoming is the least populous state of the United States. Wyoming has the second-lowest population density, behind Alaska. It is one of only two states with a smaller population than the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. (the other state is Vermont).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.811397552490234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "According to the 2000 census, the largest ancestry groups in Wyoming are: German (26.0%), English (16.0%), Irish (13.3%), Norwegian (4.3%), and Swedish (3.5%). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.115229606628418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "As of 2011, 24.9% of Wyoming's population younger than age 1 were minorities. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.295190811157227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "In 2010, 93.39% (474,343) of Wyomingites over the age of 5 spoke English as their primary language. 4.47% (22,722) spoke Spanish, 0.35% (1,771) spoke German, and 0.28% (1,434) spoke French. Other common non-English languages included Algonquian (0.18%), Russian (0.10%), Tagalog, and Greek (both 0.09%). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10937213897705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "In 2007, the American Community Survey reported that 6.2% (30,419) of Wyoming's population over five years old spoke a language other than English at home. Of those, 68.1% were able to speak English very well, 16.0% spoke English well, 10.9% did not speak English well, and 5.0% did not speak English at all. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.237588882446289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "According to a 2013 Gallup Poll, the religious affiliations of the people of Wyoming were: 49% Protestants, 18% Catholics, 9% Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and less than 1% Jewish. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.058204650878906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "According to the 2012 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis report, Wyoming's gross state product was $38.4 billion. As of 2014 the population was growing slightly with the most growth in tourist-oriented areas such as Teton County. Boom conditions in neighboring states such as North Dakota were drawing energy workers away. About half of Wyoming's counties showed population losses. The state makes active efforts through Wyoming Grown, an internet-based recruitment program, to find jobs for young people educated in Wyoming who have emigrated but may wish to return.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.87350845336914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The composition of Wyoming's economy differs significantly from that of other states with most activity in tourism, agriculture, and energy extraction; and little in anything else.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256780624389648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The mineral extraction industry and travel and tourism sector are the main drivers behind Wyoming's economy. The federal government owns about 50% of its landmass, while 6% is controlled by the state. Total taxable values of mining production in Wyoming for 2001 was over $6.7 billion. The tourism industry accounts for over $2 billion in revenue for the state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259861946105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "In 2002, more than six million people visited Wyoming's national parks and monuments. The key tourist attractions in Wyoming include Grand Teton National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Devils Tower National Monument, Independence Rock and Fossil Butte National Monument. Each year Yellowstone National Park, the world's first national park, receives three million visitors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35715389251709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Historically, agriculture has been an important component of Wyoming's economy. Its overall importance to the performance of Wyoming's economy has waned. However, agriculture is still an essential part of Wyoming's culture and lifestyle. The main agricultural commodities produced in Wyoming include livestock (beef), hay, sugar beets, grain (wheat and barley), and wool. More than 91% of land in Wyoming is classified as rural.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.347555160522461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming's mineral commodities include coal, natural gas, coalbed methane, crude oil, uranium, and trona.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.481167793273926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Coal: Wyoming produced 395.5 million short tons (358.8 million metric tons) of coal in 2004, greater than any other state. Wyoming possesses a reserve of 68.7 billion tons (62.3 billion metric tons) of coal. Major coal areas include the Powder River Basin and the Green River Basin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408649444580078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Coalbed methane (CBM): The boom for CBM began in the mid-1990s. CBM is characterized as methane gas that is extracted from Wyoming's coal bed seams. It is another means of natural gas production. There has been substantial CBM production in the Powder River Basin. In 2002, the CBM production yield was 327.5 billion cubic feet (9.3 km3).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.497283935546875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Crude oil: Wyoming produced 53400000 oilbbl of crude oil in 2007. The state ranked 5th nationwide in oil production in 2007. Petroleum is most often used as a motor fuel, but it is also utilized in the manufacture of plastics, paints, and synthetic rubber.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35339069366455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Diamonds: The Kelsey Lake Diamond Mine, located in Colorado less than 1000 ft from the Wyoming border, produced gem quality diamonds for several years. The Wyoming craton, which hosts the kimberlite volcanic pipes that were mined, underlies most of Wyoming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46474552154541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Natural gas: Wyoming produced 2,254 trillion cubic feet (63,83 trillion m3) of natural gas in 2007. The state ranked 2nd nationwide for natural gas production in 2007. The major markets for natural gas include industrial, commercial, and domestic heating.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269347190856934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Trona: Wyoming possesses the world's largest known reserve of trona, a mineral used for manufacturing glass, paper, soaps, baking soda, water softeners, and pharmaceuticals. In 2008 Wyoming produced 46 million short tons (41.7 million metric tons) of trona, 25% of the world's production.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239465713500977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Wind power: Because of Wyoming's geography and high-altitude, the potential for wind power in Wyoming is one of the highest of any state in the US. The Chokecherry and Sierra Madre Wind Energy Project is the largest commercial wind generation facility under development in North America. Carbon County is home to the largest proposed wind farm in the US. However, construction plans have been halted because of proposed new taxes on wind power energy production. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317601203918457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* Uranium: Although uranium mining in Wyoming is much less active than it was in previous decades, recent increases in the price of uranium have generated new interest in uranium prospecting and mining.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476703643798828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Unlike most other states, Wyoming does not levy an individual or corporate income tax. In addition, Wyoming does not assess any tax on retirement income earned and received from another state. Wyoming has a state sales tax of 4%. Counties have the option of collecting an additional 1% tax for general revenue and a 1% tax for specific purposes, if approved by voters. Food for human consumption is not subject to sales tax. There also is a county lodging tax that varies from 2% to 5%. The state collects a use tax of 5% on items purchased elsewhere and brought into Wyoming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369017601013184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "All property tax is based on the assessed value of the property and Wyoming's Department of Revenue's Ad Valorem Tax Division supports, trains, and guides local government agencies in the uniform assessment, valuation and taxation of locally assessed property. \"Assessed value\" means taxable value; \"taxable value\" means a percent of the fair market value of property in a particular class. Statutes limit property tax increases. For county revenue, the property tax rate cannot exceed 12 mills (or 1.2%) of assessed value. For cities and towns, the rate is limited to 8 mills (0.8%). With very few exceptions, state law limits the property tax rate for all governmental purposes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44138240814209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming does not collect inheritance taxes. Because of the phase-out of the federal estate tax credit, Wyoming's estate tax is not imposed on estates of persons who died in 2005. There is limited estate tax related to federal estate tax collection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.525341033935547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "In 2008, the Tax Foundation ranked Wyoming as having the single most \"business friendly\" tax climate of all 50 states. Wyoming state and local governments in fiscal year 2007 collected $2.242 billion in taxes, levies, and royalties from the oil and gas industry. The state's mineral industry, including oil, gas, trona, and coal provided $1.3 billion in property taxes from 2006 mineral production. Wyoming receives more federal tax dollars per capita in aid than any other state except Alaska. The federal aid per capita in Wyoming is more than double the U.S. average. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190781593322754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "As of 2016, Wyoming does not require the beneficial owners of LLCs to be disclosed in the filing, which creates an opportunity for a tax haven, according to Clark Stith of Clark Stith & Associates in Rock Springs, Wyoming, a former Republican candidate for Wyoming secretary of state. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346076965332031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The largest airport in Wyoming is Jackson Hole Airport, with over 500 employees. Three interstate highways and thirteen U.S. highways pass through Wyoming. In addition, the state is served by the Wyoming state highway system.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332667350769043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Interstate 25 enters the state south of Cheyenne and runs north, intersecting Interstate 80 in Cheyenne. It passes through Casper and ends at Interstate 90 near Buffalo. Interstate 80 crosses the Utah border west of Evanston and runs east through the southern half of the state, passing through Cheyenne before entering Nebraska near Pine Bluffs. Interstate 90 comes into Wyoming near Parkman and cuts through the northern part of the state. It serves Gillette and enters South Dakota east of Sundance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.922290802001953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "U.S. Routes 14,16, and the eastern section of U.S. 20 all have their western terminus at the eastern entrance to Yellowstone National Park and pass through Cody. U.S. 14 travels eastward before joining I-90 at Gillette. U.S. 14 then follows I-90 to the South Dakota border. U.S. 16 and 20 split off of U.S. 14 at Greybull and U.S. 16 turns east at Worland while U.S. 20 continues south Shoshoni. U.S. Route 287 carries traffic from Fort Collins, Colorado into Laramie, Wyoming through a pass between the Laramie Mountains and the Medicine Bow Mountains, merges with US 30 and I-80 until it reaches Rawlins, where it continues north, passing Lander. Outside of Moran, U.S. 287 is part of a large interchange with U.S. Highways 26, 191, and 89, before continuing north to the southern entrance of Yellowstone. U.S. 287 continues north of Yellowstone, but the two sections are separated by the national park.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.980660438537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming is one of only two states (the other being South Dakota) in the 48 contiguous states not served by Amtrak. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.912202835083008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "See also: List of Wyoming railroads, List of airports in Wyoming, State highways in Wyoming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449670791625977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming's Constitution established three branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.103838920593262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The executive branch is headed by the governor and includes a secretary of state, auditor, treasurer and superintendent of public instruction. Wyoming does not have a lieutenant governor. Instead the secretary of state stands first in the line of succession.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.139184951782227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming's sparse population warrants it only a single at-large seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, and hence only three votes in the Electoral College. Its low population renders Wyoming voters effectively more powerful in presidential elections than those in more populous states. For example, while Montana had a 2010 census population of 989,415 to Wyoming's 563,626, they both have the same number of electoral votes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.249424934387207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming is an alcoholic beverage control state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.286967277526855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming's highest court is the Supreme Court of Wyoming, with five justices presiding over appeals from the state's lower courts. Wyoming is unusual in that it does not have an intermediate appellate court, like most states. This is largely attributable to the state's size and correspondingly lower caseload. Appeals from the state district courts go directly to the Wyoming Supreme Court. Wyoming also has state circuit courts (formerly county courts), of limited jurisdiction, which handle certain types of cases, such as civil claims with lower dollar amounts, misdemeanor criminal offenses, and felony arraignments. Circuit court judges also commonly hear small claims cases as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.116629600524902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The state of Wyoming has 23 counties.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.006296157836914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming license plates contain a number on the left that indicates the county where the vehicle is registered, ranked by an earlier census. Specifically, the numbers are representative of the property values of the counties in 1930. The county license plate numbers are as follows:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.387510299682617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The State of Wyoming has 99 incorporated municipalities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.112834930419922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "In 2005, 50.6% of Wyomingites lived in one of the 13 most populous Wyoming municipalities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257996559143066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The United States Census Bureau has defined two Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) and seven Micropolitan Statistical Areas (MiSA) for the State of Wyoming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12557315826416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "In 2008, 30.4% of Wyomingites lived in either of the Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and 73% lived in either a Metropolitan Statistical Area or a Micropolitan Statistical Area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.315009117126465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Public education is directed by the state superintendent of public instruction, an elected state official. Educational policies are set by the State Board of Education, a nine-member board appointed by the governor. The constitution prohibits the state from establishing curriculum and text book selections; these are the prerogatives of local school boards. The Wyoming School for the Deaf was the only in-state school dedicated to supporting deaf students in Wyoming, but it closed in the summer of 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.738314628601074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming has one public four-year institution, the University of Wyoming in Laramie and one private four-year college, Wyoming Catholic College, in Lander, Wyoming. In addition, there are seven two-year community colleges spread through the state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302806854248047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Before the passing of a new law in 2006, Wyoming had hosted unaccredited institutions, many of them suspected diploma mills. The 2006 law is forcing unaccredited institutions to make one of three choices: move out of Wyoming, close down, or apply for accreditation. The Oregon State Office of Degree Authorization predicts that in a few years the problem of diploma mills in Wyoming might be resolved. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3485107421875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Due to its sparse population, the state of Wyoming lacks any major professional sports teams. Some of the most popular sports teams in the state are the University of Wyoming teams — particularly football and basketball. High school sports are governed by the Wyoming High School Activities Association, which sponsors 12 sports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.217768669128418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Rodeo is popular in Wyoming, and Casper has hosted the College National Finals Rodeo since 2001. Additionally, rugby has a strong tradition in Wyoming. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370871543884277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* State flag: Flag of the State of Wyoming", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05951976776123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* State flower: Wyoming Indian paintbrush (Castilleja linariifolia)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.28608512878418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* State gemstone: Wyoming nephrite jade", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215719223022461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "* State song: \"Wyoming\" by Charles E. Winter & George E. Knapp", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.040666580200195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Wyoming" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "James Earl Carter Jr.", "James Carter, Jr", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter Jr.", "Carter, Jimmy", "James Earl Carter, Jr", "Jimmie Carter", "Jimmie Carter Jr.", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter, Junior", "Jimmy Carter, Jr", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter Junior", "Carter, James Earl", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter, Jr", "James E. Carter, Jr.", "Jimmy Carter Junior", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter, Jr", "President Carter", "Jimmy Carter Jr", "Jimmie Carter, Jr.", "Carter, James Earl %22Jimmie%22", "Why not the best", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter Jr", "Jimmie Carter, Junior", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter, Jr.", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter Jr.", "Jimmy carter", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter, Junior", "James Earl Carter Jr", "President carter", "Jimi Carter", "Jimmy Earl Carter", "James Carter, Jr.", "James Earl Carter Junior", "Carter, James Earl %22Jimmy%22", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter, Jr.", "39th President of the United States", "President Jimmy Carter", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter", "James Earl Carter", "James Earl (Jimmy) Carter", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter Jr", "Jimmy Carter", "James Earl Carter, Junior", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter Junior", "Jimmie Carter Junior", "Why Not the Best", "James E. Carter", "Jimmie Carter, Jr", "Jimmy Carter, Jr.", "Jimmy Carter, Junior", "James Earl Carter, Jr.", "Jimmie Carter Jr", "James %22Jimmy%22 Carter", "Jimmy E. Carter", "Carter, Jimmie", "Jimmy Carter Jr.", "James Earle Carter", "James E. Carter Jr." ], "normalized_aliases": [ "jimmie carter junior", "jimmie carter jr", "james earl carter jr", "carter jimmie", "jimi carter", "james earl carter junior", "james earl 22jimmie 22 carter junior", "james e carter jr", "james earle carter", "jimmy carter junior", "james earl 22jimmy 22 carter", "james e carter", "why not best", "james earl 22jimmy 22 carter junior", "jimmy carter jr", "jimmy earl carter", "carter james earl", "jimmy carter", "james 22jimmy 22 carter", "james earl carter", "james earl jimmy carter", "jimmie carter", "carter james earl 22jimmy 22", "carter james earl 22jimmie 22", "james earl 22jimmie 22 carter jr", "carter jimmy", "james earl 22jimmy 22 carter jr", "president carter", "president jimmy carter", "39th president of united states", "james carter jr", "jimmy e carter" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "jimmy carter", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Jimmy Carter" }

[ { "answer": "Jimmy Carter", "passage": "Billy Beer was a beer first made in the United States of America in July 1977, by the Falls City Brewing Company. It was promoted by Billy Carter, the younger brother of then-President Jimmy Carter. Then in October 1978, Falls City announced that it was closing its doors after less than a year of Carter's promotion. The beer was produced by Cold Spring Brewing, West End Brewing, and Pearl Brewing Company.", "precise_score": 5.492918014526367, "rough_score": 4.5735883712768555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Beer" }, { "answer": "Jimmy Carter", "passage": "As head of state, the president can fulfill traditions established by previous presidents. William Howard Taft started the tradition of throwing out the ceremonial first pitch in 1910 at Griffith Stadium, Washington, D.C., on the Washington Senators' Opening Day. Every president since Taft, except for Jimmy Carter, threw out at least one ceremonial first ball or pitch for Opening Day, the All-Star Game, or the World Series, usually with much fanfare. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.695899963378906, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Jimmy Carter", "passage": "Since the amendment's adoption, four presidents have served two full terms: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. Barack Obama has been elected to a second term, and will complete his term on 20 January 2017, if he does not die or resign before that date. Jimmy Carter and George H. W. Bush sought a second term, but were defeated. Richard Nixon was elected to a second term, but resigned before completing it. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only president under the amendment to be eligible to serve more than two terms in total, having served for only fourteen months following John F. Kennedy's assassination. However, Johnson withdrew from the 1968 Democratic Primary, surprising many Americans. Gerald Ford sought a full term, after serving out the last two years and five months of Nixon's second term, but was not elected.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.43360424041748, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Jimmy Carter", "passage": "Presidents may use their predecessors as emissaries to deliver private messages to other nations or as official representatives of the United States to state funerals and other important foreign events. Richard Nixon made multiple foreign trips to countries including China and Russia and was lauded as an elder statesman. Jimmy Carter has become a global human rights campaigner, international arbiter, and election monitor, as well as a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. Bill Clinton has also worked as an informal ambassador, most recently in the negotiations that led to the release of two American journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee, from North Korea. Clinton has also been active politically since his presidential term ended, working with his wife Hillary on her 2008 and 2016 presidential bids and President Obama on his reelection campaign.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.134086608886719, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Jimmy Carter", "passage": "File:Carter 2k14.tif|Jimmy Carter39th (1977–81)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14071273803711, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "The South Sea Company (officially The Governor and Company of the merchants of Great Britain, trading to the South Seas and other parts of America, and for the encouragement of fishing) was a British joint-stock company founded in 1711, created as a public-private partnership to consolidate and reduce the cost of national debt. The company was also granted a monopoly to trade with South America, hence its name. At the time it was created, Britain was involved in the War of the Spanish Succession and Spain controlled South America. There was no realistic prospect that trade would take place and the company never realised any significant profit from its monopoly. Company stock rose greatly in value as it expanded its operations dealing in government debt, peaking in 1720 before collapsing to little above its original flotation price; this became known as the South Sea Bubble.", "precise_score": -0.1654510498046875, "rough_score": -1.588080644607544, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "The South Sea Company was by no means the only company seeking to raise money from investors in 1720. A large number of other joint-stock companies had been created making extravagant (sometimes fraudulent) claims about foreign or other ventures or bizarre schemes. Others represented potentially sound, although novel, schemes, such as for founding insurance companies. These were nicknamed \"Bubbles\". Some of the companies had no legal basis, while others, such as the Hollow Sword Blade company acting as the South Sea's banker, used existing chartered companies for purposes entirely different from their creation. The York Buildings Company was set up to provide water to London, but was purchased by Case Billingsley who used it to purchase confiscated Jacobite estates in Scotland, which then formed the assets of an insurance company. ", "precise_score": -2.7808480262756348, "rough_score": -2.145813226699829, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "The South Sea Company established slave reception factories at Cartagena, Colombia, Veracruz, Mexico, Panama, Portobello, Buenos Aires, La Havana and Santiago de Cuba, and slave deposits at Jamaica and Barbados. Despite problems with speculation, the South Sea Company was relatively successful at slave trading and meeting its quota (it was unusual for other, similarly chartered companies to fulfill their quotas). According to records compiled by David Eltis and others, during the course of 96 voyages in 25 years, the South Sea Company purchased 34,000 slaves, of whom 30,000 survived the voyage across the Atlantic. (Thus about 11% of the slaves died on the voyage: a relatively low mortality rate for the Middle Crossing. ) The company persisted with the slave trade through two wars with Spain and the calamitous 1720 commercial bubble. The company's trade in human slavery peaked during the 1725 trading year, five years after the bubble burst. Between 1715 and 1739, slave trading constituted the main legal commercial activity of the South Sea Company.", "precise_score": -3.2258105278015137, "rough_score": -4.815253257751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "The Bubble Act 1720 (6 Geo I, c 18), which forbade the creation of joint-stock companies without royal charter, was promoted by the South Sea company itself before its collapse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.517129898071289, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "A parliamentary enquiry was held after the crash to discover its causes. A number of politicians were disgraced, and people found to have profited unlawfully from the company had assets confiscated proportionate to their gains (most had already been rich men and remained comfortably rich). The company was restructured and continued to operate for more than a century after the Bubble. The headquarters were in Threadneedle Street at the centre of the financial district in London; today the Bank of England has headquarters on Threadneedle Street. At the time of these events the Bank of England also was a private company dealing in national debt, and the crash of its rival consolidated its position as banker to the British government. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.224809646606445, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "Bubble Act", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474346160888672, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "On 22 February 1720 John Hungerford raised the question of bubble companies in the House of Commons, and persuaded the House to set up a committee, which he chaired, to investigate. He identified a number of companies which between them sought to raise £40 million in capital. The committee investigated the companies, establishing a principle that companies should not be operating outside the objects specified in their charters. A potential embarrassment for the South Sea was avoided when the question of the Hollow Sword Blade Company arose. Difficulty was avoided by flooding the committee with MPs who were supporters of the South Sea, and voting down the proposal to investigate the Hollow Sword by 75 to 25. (At this time, committees of the House were either 'Open' or 'secret'. A secret committee was one with a fixed set of members who could vote on its proceedings. By contrast, any MP could join in with an 'open' committee and vote on its proceedings.) Stanhope, who was a member of the committee, received £50,000 of the 'resaleable' South Sea stock from Sawbridge, a director of the Hollow Sword, at about this time. Hungerford had previously been expelled from the Commons for accepting a bribe. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.439445495605469, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "Amongst the bubble companies investigated were two supported by Lords Onslow and Chetwynd respectively, for insuring shipping. These were criticised heavily, and the questionable dealings of the Attorney-General and Solicitor-General in trying to obtain charters for the companies led to both being replaced. However, the schemes had the support of Walpole and Craggs, so that the larger part of the Bubble Act (which finally resulted in June 1720 from the committee's investigations) was devoted to creating charters for the Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation and the London Assurance Corporation. The companies were required to pay £300,000 for the privilege. The Act required that a joint stock company could only be incorporated by Act of Parliament or Royal charter. The prohibition on unauthorised joint stock ventures was not repealed until 1825. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.290579795837402, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "Furthermore, a scramble for liquidity appeared internationally as \"bubbles\" were also ending in Amsterdam and Paris. The collapse coincided with the fall of the Mississippi Company of John Law in France. As a result, the price of South Sea shares began to decline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.178417205810547, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Sea Company" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "The term vanitas is most often associated with still life paintings that were popular in seventeenth-century Dutch art, produced by the artists such as Pieter Claesz. Common vanitas symbols included skulls (a reminder of the certainty of death); rotten fruit (decay); bubbles, (brevity of life and suddenness of death); smoke, watches, and hourglasses, (the brevity of life); and musical instruments (the brevity and ephemeral nature of life). Fruit, flowers and butterflies can be interpreted in the same way, while a peeled lemon, as well as the typical accompanying seafood was, like life, visually attractive but with a bitter flavor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.374935150146484, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "The magnetic horn (also known as the Van der Meer horn) is a high-current, pulsed focusing device, invented by the Dutch physicist Simon van der Meer at CERN. It selects pions and focuses them into a sharp beam. Its original application was in the context of neutrino physics, where beams of pions have to be tightly focused. When the pions then decay into muons and neutrinos or antineutrinos, an equally well-focused neutrino beam is obtained. The muons were stopped in a wall of 3000 tons of iron and 1000 tons of concrete, leaving the neutrinos or antineutrinos to reach the Gargamelle bubble chamber.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.43227481842041, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries" }, { "answer": "Bubble", "passage": "In 1933, Marcel Minnaert published a solution for the acoustic resonance frequency of a single bubble in water, the so-called Minnaert resonance. The Minnaert resonance or Minnaert frequency is the acoustic resonance frequency of a single bubble in an infinite domain of water (neglecting the effects of surface tension and viscous attenuation).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.015214920043945, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Pan", "passage": "In Roman metallurgy, new methods for extracting gold on a large scale were developed by introducing hydraulic mining methods, especially in Hispania from 25 BC onwards and in Dacia from 106 AD onwards. One of their largest mines was at Las Medulas in León (Spain), where seven long aqueducts enabled them to sluice most of a large alluvial deposit. The mines at Roşia Montană in Transylvania were also very large, and until very recently, still mined by opencast methods. They also exploited smaller deposits in Britain, such as placer and hard-rock deposits at Dolaucothi. The various methods they used are well described by Pliny the Elder in his encyclopedia Naturalis Historia written towards the end of the first century AD.", "precise_score": -6.751852512359619, "rough_score": -3.5295872688293457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gold" }, { "answer": "Pan", "passage": "Native gold occurs as very small to microscopic particles embedded in rock, often together with quartz or sulfide minerals such as \"Fool's Gold\", which is a pyrite. These are called lode deposits. The metal in a native state is also found in the form of free flakes, grains or larger nuggets that have been eroded from rocks and end up in alluvial deposits called placer deposits. Such free gold is always richer at the surface of gold-bearing veins owing to the oxidation of accompanying minerals followed by weathering, and washing of the dust into streams and rivers, where it collects and can be welded by water action to form nuggets.", "precise_score": -8.784992218017578, "rough_score": -6.592536449432373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gold" }, { "answer": "Pan", "passage": "Alternative white gold alloys are available based on palladium, silver and other white metals, but the palladium alloys are more expensive than those using nickel. High-karat white gold alloys are far more resistant to corrosion than are either pure silver or sterling silver. The Japanese craft of Mokume-gane exploits the color contrasts between laminated colored gold alloys to produce decorative wood-grain effects.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.329811096191406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gold" }, { "answer": "Pan", "passage": "Several other 99.99% pure gold coins are available. In 2006, the United States Mint began producing the American Buffalo gold bullion coin with a purity of 99.99%. The Australian Gold Kangaroos were first coined in 1986 as the Australian Gold Nugget but changed the reverse design in 1989. Other modern coins include the Austrian Vienna Philharmonic bullion coin and the Chinese Gold Panda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.833755493164062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gold" }, { "answer": "Pan", "passage": "During Mansa Musa's (ruler of the Mali Empire from 1312 to 1337) hajj to Mecca in 1324, he passed through Cairo in July 1324, and was reportedly accompanied by a camel train that included thousands of people and nearly a hundred camels where he gave away so much gold that it depressed the price in Egypt for over a decade. A contemporary Arab historian remarked:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.995153427124023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gold" }, { "answer": "Pan", "passage": "Gold was synthesized from mercury by neutron bombardment in 1941, but the isotopes of gold produced were all radioactive. In 1924, a Japanese physicist, Hantaro Nagaoka, accomplished the same feat. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.768789291381836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gold" } ]

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[ { "answer": "CenturyLink Field", "passage": "First played in 1900, it is traditionally the final game of the regular season and formerly took place on the Saturday preceding Thanksgiving. Since 1946, it has been held in odd years at Husky Stadium in Seattle (except 2011 at CenturyLink Field), and WSU has been the home team during even years, with games played in Pullman at Rogers Field (1946, 1948, 1954) and Martin Stadium (since 1982), with the other fifteen contests in Spokane at Joe Albi Stadium. With the extension of the college football regular season to 12 games in 2006, the game is often played at a later date. Since 2011, it has been held on the Friday after Thanksgiving, but was played a day later in 2014. First awarded in 1962, the Apple Cup trophy goes to the winner. The Huskies lead the series 70–32–6 ().", "precise_score": 2.9881319999694824, "rough_score": 2.098457098007202, "source": "wiki", "title": "Apple Cup" }, { "answer": "CenturyLink Field", "passage": "Renovation of Husky Stadium began on November 7, 2011 and games were moved to CenturyLink Field until the construction is completed in 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.289106369018555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Washington Huskies football" }, { "answer": "CenturyLink Field", "passage": "The media joked that the 2008 game in Pullman was the \"Crapple Cup\" and \"full of worms\", because WSU (1–10) hosted winless UW (0–11); the Cougars won, albeit in double overtime. The game returned to the Saturday after Thanksgiving in 2009 in Seattle and the 2010 game was played on December 4 in Pullman. The 2011 game in Seattle on Saturday, November 26, was moved to CenturyLink Field to allow an early start on the renovation of Husky Stadium.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6273211240768433, "source": "wiki", "title": "Apple Cup" }, { "answer": "CenturyLink Field", "passage": "^ The 2011 game was played at CenturyLink Field in Seattle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.091465950012207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Apple Cup" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series. The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot, in the form of a television film. The programme was relaunched in 2005 by Russell T Davies, who was showrunner and head writer for the first five years of its revival, produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff. The first series of the 21st century featured Christopher Eccleston in the title role and was produced by the BBC. Doctor Who also spawned spin-offs in multiple media, including Torchwood (2006–2011) and The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007–2011), both created by Russell T Davies; K-9 (2009–2010); and a single pilot episode of K-9 and Company (1981). There also have been many spoofs and cultural references to the character in other media.", "precise_score": -0.3973080813884735, "rough_score": -0.12058425694704056, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963. It was to be a regular weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length. Discussions and plans for the programme had been in progress for a year. The head of drama, Canadian Sydney Newman, was mainly responsible for developing the programme, with the first format document for the series being written by Newman along with the head of the script department (later head of serials) Donald Wilson and staff writer C. E. Webber. Writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert also heavily contributed to the development of the series. Newman is often given sole creator credit for the series. Some reference works such as The Complete Encyclopedia of Television Programs 1947–1979 by Vincent Terrace erroneously credit Terry Nation with creating Doctor Who, because of the way his name is credited in the two Peter Cushing films.Newman and Lambert's role in originating the series was recognised in the 2007 episode \"Human Nature\", in which the Doctor, in disguise as a human named John Smith, gives his parents' names as Sydney and Verity. The programme was originally intended to appeal to a family audience, as an educational programme using time travel as a means to explore scientific ideas and famous moments in history. On 31 July 1963 Whitaker commissioned Terry Nation to write a story under the title The Mutants. As originally written, the Daleks and Thals were the victims of an alien neutron bomb attack but Nation later dropped the aliens and made the Daleks the aggressors. When the script was presented to Newman and Wilson it was immediately rejected as the programme was not permitted to contain any \"bug-eyed monsters\". The first serial had been completed and the BBC believed it was crucial that the next one be a success, but The Mutants was the only script ready to go, so the show had little choice but to use it. According to producer Verity Lambert; \"We didn't have a lot of choice — we only had the Dalek serial to go ... We had a bit of a crisis of confidence because Donald [Wilson] was so adamant that we shouldn't make it. Had we had anything else ready we would have made that.\" Nation's script became the second Doctor Who serial – The Daleks (a.k.a. The Mutants). The serial introduced the eponymous aliens that would become the series' most popular monsters, and was responsible for the BBC's first merchandising boom. ", "precise_score": -1.7149230241775513, "rough_score": -3.3468058109283447, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The BBC drama department's serials division produced the programme for 26 seasons, broadcast on BBC 1. Falling viewing numbers, a decline in the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989 by Jonathan Powell, controller of BBC 1. Although (as series co-star Sophie Aldred reported in the documentary Doctor Who: More Than 30 Years in the TARDIS) it was effectively, if not formally, cancelled with the decision not to commission a planned 27th series of the show for transmission in 1990, the BBC repeatedly affirmed that the series would return.", "precise_score": -3.9818336963653564, "rough_score": -3.8775665760040283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "While in-house production had ceased, the BBC hoped to find an independent production company to relaunch the show. Philip Segal, a British expatriate who worked for Columbia Pictures' television arm in the United States, had approached the BBC about such a venture as early as July 1989, while the 26th series was still in production. Segal's negotiations eventually led to a Doctor Who television film, broadcast on the Fox Network in 1996 as a co-production between Fox, Universal Pictures, the BBC and BBC Worldwide. Although the film was successful in the UK (with 9.1 million viewers), it was less so in the United States and did not lead to a series.", "precise_score": -5.337048053741455, "rough_score": -5.550601959228516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Licensed media such as novels and audio plays provided new stories, but as a television programme Doctor Who remained dormant until 2003. In September of that year, BBC Television announced the in-house production of a new series after several years of attempts by BBC Worldwide to find backing for a feature film version. The executive producers of the new incarnation of the series were writer Russell T Davies and BBC Cymru Wales head of drama Julie Gardner.", "precise_score": -7.149235725402832, "rough_score": -5.193517684936523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who finally returned with the episode \"Rose\" on BBC One on 26 March 2005. There have since been nine further series in 2006–2008 and 2010–2015, and Christmas Day specials every year since 2005. No full series was filmed in 2009, although four additional specials starring David Tennant were made. In 2010, Steven Moffat replaced Davies as head writer and executive producer. In January 2016, Moffat announced that he would step down after the 2017 finale, to be replaced by Chris Chibnall in 2018. In addition, Series 10 will debut in Spring 2017, with a Christmas special broadcast in 2016. ", "precise_score": -4.942773342132568, "rough_score": -3.0434579849243164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963–1989 seriesThis is often emphasised in the accompanying making-of documentaries in the series Doctor Who Confidential, as well as in occasional flashbacks to images of earlier versions of the Doctor. and the 1996 telefilm. This is similar to the 1988 continuation of Mission Impossible, but differs from most other series relaunches which have either been reboots (for example, Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman) or set in the same universe as the original but in a different time period and with different characters (for example, Star Trek: The Next Generation and spin-offs).", "precise_score": -0.9311469793319702, "rough_score": -2.9744250774383545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989. During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or \"serial\") — usually of four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years. Notable exceptions were: The Daleks' Master Plan, which aired in 12 episodes (plus an earlier one-episode teaser, \"Mission to the Unknown\", featuring none of the regular cast ); almost an entire season of seven-episode serials (season 7); the 10-episode serial The War Games;The War Games. Writers Malcolm Hulke and Terrance Dicks, Director David Maloney, Producer Derrick Sherwin. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC One, London. 19 April 1969 – 21 June 1969. and The Trial of a Time Lord, which ran for 14 episodes (albeit divided into three production codes and four narrative segments) during season 23.The Trial of a Time Lord. Writers Robert Holmes, Philip Martin and Pip and Jane Baker, Directors Nicholas Mallett, Ron Jones and Chris Clough, Producer John Nathan-Turner. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC One, London. 6 September 1986 – 6 December 1986. Occasionally serials were loosely connected by a storyline, such as season 8 being devoted to the Doctor battling a rogue Time Lord called The Master, season 16's quest for The Key to Time, season 18's journey through E-Space and the theme of entropy, and season 20's Black Guardian Trilogy. ", "precise_score": 1.2475239038467407, "rough_score": -0.13282212615013123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": " Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format), 45-minute episodes (for Resurrection of the Daleks in the 1984 series, a single season in 1985, and the revival), two feature-length productions (1983's The Five Doctors and the 1996 television film), eleven Christmas specials (most of 60 minutes' duration, one of 72 minutes), and four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes in 2009, 2010 and 2013. Four mini-episodes, running about eight minutes each, were also produced for the 1993, 2005 and 2007 Children in Need charity appeals, while another mini-episode was produced in 2008 for a Doctor Who-themed edition of The Proms. The 1993 2-part story, entitled Dimensions in Time, was made in collaboration with the cast of the BBC soap-opera EastEnders and was filmed partly on the EastEnders set. A two-part mini-episode was also produced for the 2011 edition of Comic Relief. Starting with the 2009 special \"Planet of the Dead\", the series was filmed in 1080i for HDTV, and broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD.", "precise_score": -4.125738620758057, "rough_score": 1.3269354104995728, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Between about 1964 and 1973, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries were either destroyed,The tapes, based on a 405-line broadcast standard, were rendered obsolete when UK television changed to a 625-line signal in preparation for the soon-to-begin colour transmissions. wiped, or suffered from poor storage which led to severe deterioration from broadcast quality. This included many old episodes of Doctor Who, mostly stories featuring the first two Doctors: William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton. In all, 97 of 253 episodes produced during the first six years of the programme are not held in the BBC's archives (most notably seasons 3, 4, & 5, from which 79 episodes are missing). In 1972, almost all episodes then made were known to exist at the BBC, while by 1978 the practice of wiping tapes and destroying \"spare\" film copies had been brought to a stop. ", "precise_score": -7.81980037689209, "rough_score": -4.270488739013672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "A different arrangement was recorded by Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23 (1986). Keff McCulloch provided the new arrangement for the Seventh Doctor's era which lasted from season 24 (1987) until the series' suspension in 1989. American composer John Debney created a new arrangement of Ron Grainer's original theme for Doctor Who in 1996. For the return of the series in 2005, Murray Gold provided a new arrangement which featured samples from the 1963 original with further elements added; in the 2005 Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion\", Gold introduced a modified closing credits arrangement that was used up until the conclusion of the 2007 series.", "precise_score": -3.5557150840759277, "rough_score": -0.8619294166564941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "New Zealand was the first country outside the United Kingdom to screen Doctor Who, beginning in September 1964, and continued to screen the series for many years, including the new series from 2005.", "precise_score": -5.6235504150390625, "rough_score": -5.594422340393066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "A wide selection of serials are available from BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States. Every fully extant serial has been released on VHS, and BBC Worldwide continues to regularly release serials on DVD. The 2005 series is also available in its entirety on UMD for the PlayStation Portable. Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc and many have also been released on Betamax tape and Video 2000. One episode of Doctor Who (The Infinite Quest) was released on VCD. Only the series from 2009 onwards are available on Blu-ray, except for the 1970 story Spearhead from Space, released in July 2013. Many early releases have been re-released as special editions, with more bonus features.", "precise_score": -7.721399307250977, "rough_score": -5.357381343841553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor. The first commercially available audiobook was an abridged reading of the Fourth Doctor story State of Decay in 1981. In 1988, during a hiatus in the television show, Slipback, the first radio drama, was transmitted.", "precise_score": -8.747810363769531, "rough_score": -5.458991527557373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who books have been published from the mid-sixties through to the present day. From 1965 to 1991 the books published were primarily novelised adaptations of broadcast episodes; beginning in 1991 an extensive line of original fiction was launched, the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures. Since the relaunch of the programme in 2005, a new range of novels have been published by BBC Books. Numerous non-fiction books about the series, including guidebooks and critical studies, have also been published, and a dedicated Doctor Who Magazine with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979. This is published by Panini, as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans.", "precise_score": -7.438868522644043, "rough_score": -5.60149621963501, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 1975, Season 11 of the series won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial. In 1996, BBC television held the \"Auntie Awards\" as the culmination of their \"TV60\" series, celebrating 60 years of BBC television broadcasting, where Doctor Who was voted as the \"Best Popular Drama\" the corporation had ever produced, ahead of such ratings heavyweights as EastEnders and Casualty. In 2000, Doctor Who was ranked third in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century, produced by the British Film Institute and voted on by industry professionals. In 2005, the series came first in a survey by SFX magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (a Channel 4 countdown in 2001), the 1963–1989 run was placed at number eight.", "precise_score": -2.1210803985595703, "rough_score": -3.706409454345703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963. The programme depicts the adventures of the Doctor, a Time Lord—a space and time-travelling humanoid alien. He explores the universe in his TARDIS, a sentient time-travelling space ship. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired. Accompanied by companions, the Doctor combats a variety of foes, while working to save civilisations and help people in need.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.194490432739258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who follows the adventures of the primary character, a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, who simply goes by the name \"The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS – \"Time and Relative Dimension in Space\" – time machine which allows him to travel across time and space. The TARDIS has a \"chameleon circuit\" which normally allows the machine to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise. However, the Doctor's TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British Police box due to a malfunction in the chameleon circuit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.413978576660156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\" entered British pop culture, signifying in humour the stereotypical early-series behaviour of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a television programme while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it. The phrase retains this association with Doctor Who, to the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa\". The electronic theme music too was perceived as eerie, novel, and frightening, at the time. A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtaposition of fear and thrill \"at the center of many people's relationship with the show\", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.044024467468262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence (\"any act[s] which may cause physical and/or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental\") Doctor Who was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time. The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as \"very unsuitable\" for family viewing. Responding to the findings of the survey in The Times newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that, \"to compare the violence of Dr Who, sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare, with the more realistic violence of other television series, where actors who look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood, is like comparing Monopoly with the property market in London: both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.910407066345215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay, Kent, was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine. In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' blue police box design in merchandising associated with Doctor Who. In 1998, the Metropolitan Police Authority filed an objection to the trade mark claim; but in 2002, the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.300987243652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The 21st century revival of the programme has become the centrepiece of BBC One's Saturday schedule, and has, \"defined the channel\". Since its return, Doctor Who has consistently received high ratings, both in number of viewers and as measured by the Appreciation Index. In 2007, Caitlin Moran, television reviewer for The Times, wrote that Doctor Who is, \"quintessential to being British\". Director Steven Spielberg has commented that, \"the world would be a poorer place without Doctor Who\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.360400199890137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "On 4 August 2013, a live programme titled Doctor Who Live: The Next Doctor was broadcast on BBC One, during which the actor who was going to play the Twelfth Doctor was revealed. The show was simultaneously broadcast in the US and Australia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.731572151184082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "However, science fiction stories came to dominate the programme and the \"historicals\", which were not popular with the production team, were dropped after The Highlanders (1967). While the show continued to use historical settings, they were generally used as a backdrop for science fiction tales, with one exception: Black Orchid set in 1920s England.Black Orchid. Writer Terence Dudley, Director Ron Jones, Producer John Nathan-Turner. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC One, London. 1 March 1982 – 2 March 1982.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.272722244262695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Of the programme's many writers, Robert Holmes was the most prolific, while Douglas Adams became the most well-known outside Doctor Who itself, due to the popularity of his Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy works. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463736534118652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In April 2015, Steven Moffat confirmed that Doctor Who would run for at least another five years, extending the show until 2020. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.122203826904297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In addition to these, there are off-screen photographs made by photographer John Cura, who was hired by various production personnel to document many of their programmes during the 1950s and 1960s, including Doctor Who. These have been used in fan reconstructions of the serials. These amateur reconstructions have been tolerated by the BBC, provided they are not sold for profit and are distributed as low-quality VHS copies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168903350830078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In April 2006, Blue Peter launched a challenge to find missing Doctor Who episodes with the promise of a full-scale Dalek model as a reward. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.649737358093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The companion figure – generally a human – has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963. One of the roles of the companion is to remind the Doctor of his \"moral duty\". The Doctor's first companions seen on screen were his granddaughter Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford) and her teachers Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) and Ian Chesterton (William Russell). These characters were intended to act as audience surrogates, through which the audience would discover information about the Doctor who was to act as a mysterious father figure. The only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone is The Deadly Assassin. Notable companions from the earlier series included Romana (Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward), a Time Lady; Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen); and Jo Grant (Katy Manning). Dramatically, these characters provide a figure with whom the audience can identify, and serve to further the story by requesting exposition from the Doctor and manufacturing peril for the Doctor to resolve. The Doctor regularly gains new companions and loses old ones; sometimes they return home or find new causes — or loves — on worlds they have visited. Some have died during the course of the series. Companions are usually human, or humanoid aliens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.471220016479492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Some companions have gone on to re-appear, either in the main series or in spin-offs. Sarah Jane Smith became the central character in The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007–11) following a return to Doctor Who in 2006. Guest stars in the series included former companions Jo Grant, K9, and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart (Nicholas Courtney). The character of Jack Harkness also served to launch a spin-off, Torchwood, (2006–2011) in which Martha Jones also appeared.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3297576904296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "When Sydney Newman commissioned the series, he specifically did not want to perpetuate the cliché of the \"bug-eyed monster\" of science fiction. However, monsters were popular with audiences and so became a staple of Doctor Who almost from the beginning.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.103739738464355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "With the show's 2005 revival, executive producer Russell T Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks in series 1, Cybermen in series 2, the Macra and the Master in series 3, the Sontarans and Davros in series 4, and the Time Lords (Rassilon) in the 2009–10 Specials. Davies' successor, Steven Moffat, has continued the trend by reviving the Silurians in series 5, Cybermats in series 6, the Great Intelligence and the Ice Warriors in Series 7, and Zygons in the 50th Anniversary Special. Since its 2005 return, the series has also introduced new recurring aliens: Slitheen (Raxacoricofallapatorian), Ood, Judoon, Weeping Angels and the Silence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.153444766998291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The Dalek race, which first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963, are Doctor Whos oldest villains. The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro, mutated by the scientist Davros and housed in mechanical armour shells for mobility. The actual creatures resemble octopi with large, pronounced brains. Their armour shells have a single eye-stalk, a sink-plunger-like device that serves the purpose of a hand, and a directed-energy weapon. Their main weakness is their eyestalk; attacks upon them using various weapons can blind a Dalek, making it go mad. Their chief role in the series plot, as they frequently remark in their instantly recognisable metallic voices, is to \"exterminate\" all non-Dalek beings. They even attack the Time Lords in the Time War, as shown during the 50th Anniversary of the show. They continue to be a recurring 'monster' within the Doctor Who franchise, their most recent appearances being in the 2015 episodes \"The Witch's Familiar\" and \"Hell Bent\". Davros has also been a recurring figure since his debut in Genesis of the Daleks, although played by several different actors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.439652919769287, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The Daleks were created by writer Terry Nation (who intended them to be an allegory of the Nazis) and BBC designer Raymond Cusick. The Daleks' début in the programme's second serial, The Daleks (1963–64), made both the Daleks and Doctor Who very popular. A Dalek appeared on a postage stamp celebrating British popular culture in 1999, photographed by Lord Snowdon. In the new series, Daleks come in a range of colours; the colour denoting its role within the species. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.51187801361084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies. This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating cyborgs, with emotions usually only shown when naked aggression was called for. With the demise of Mondas, they acquired Telos as their new home planet. They continue to be a recurring 'monster' within the Doctor Who franchise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310620307922363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The Master is the Doctor's archenemy, a renegade Time Lord who desires to rule the universe. Conceived as \"Professor Moriarty to the Doctor's Sherlock Holmes\", the character first appeared in 1971. As with the Doctor, the role has been portrayed by several actors, since the Master is a Time Lord as well and able to regenerate; the first of these actors was Roger Delgado, who continued in the role until his death in 1973. The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers until Anthony Ainley took over and continued to play the character until Doctor Who's hiatus in 1989. The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who, and was played by American actor Eric Roberts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.71246862411499, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The Doctor Who theme music was one of the first electronic music signature tunes for television, and after five decades remains one of the most easily recognised. It has been often called both memorable and frightening, priming the viewer for what was to follow. During the 1970s, the Radio Times, the BBC's own listings magazine, announced that a child's mother said the theme music terrified her son. The Radio Times was apologetic, but the theme music remained.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.882104873657227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Versions of the \"Doctor Who Theme\" have also been released as pop music over the years. In the early 1970s, Jon Pertwee, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics, titled, \"Who Is the Doctor\".Often mistitled \"I am the Doctor\" on YouTube uploads. Originally released as a 7\" vinyl single, plain sleeve, December 1972 on label Purple PUR III In 1978 a disco version of the theme was released in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind, which reached number 24 in the UK charts. In 1988 the band The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (later known as The KLF) released the single \"Doctorin' the Tardis\" under the name The Timelords, which reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia; this version incorporated several other songs, including \"Rock and Roll Part 2\" by Gary Glitter (who recorded vocals for some of the CD-single remix versions of \"Doctorin' the Tardis\"). Others who have covered or reinterpreted the theme include Orbital, Pink Floyd, the Australian string ensemble Fourplay, New Zealand punk band Blam Blam Blam, The Pogues, Thin Lizzy, Dub Syndicate, and the comedians Bill Bailey and Mitch Benn. Both the theme and obsessive fans were satirised on The Chaser's War on Everything. The theme tune has also appeared on many compilation CDs, and has made its way into mobile-phone ringtones. Fans have also produced and distributed their own remixes of the theme. In January 2011 the Mankind version was released as a digital download on the album Gallifrey And Beyond.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.581131935119629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Most of the innovative incidental music for Doctor Who has been specially commissioned from freelance composers, although in the early years some episodes also used stock music, as well as occasional excerpts from original recordings or cover versions of songs by popular music acts such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys. Since its 2005 return, the series has featured occasional use of excerpts of pop music from the 1970s to the 2000s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.52644157409668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The incidental music for the first Doctor Who adventure, An Unearthly Child, was written by Norman Kay. Many of the stories of the William Hartnell period were scored by electronic music pioneer Tristram Cary, whose Doctor Who credits include The Daleks, Marco Polo, The Daleks' Master Plan, The Gunfighters and The Mutants. Other composers in this early period included Richard Rodney Bennett, Carey Blyton and Geoffrey Burgon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335756301879883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People. Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s, including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker periods, ending with The Horns of Nimon (1979). He also made a cameo appearance in The Talons of Weng-Chiang (as a Music hall conductor).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.429874420166016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales from the 2005 Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion\" onwards. A concert featuring the orchestra performing music from the first two series took place on 19 November 2006 to raise money for Children in Need. David Tennant hosted the event, introducing the different sections of the concert. Murray Gold and Russell T Davies answered questions during the interval and Daleks and Cybermen appeared whilst music from their stories was played. The concert aired on BBCi on Christmas Day 2006. A Doctor Who Prom was celebrated on 27 July 2008 in the Royal Albert Hall as part of the annual BBC Proms. The BBC Philharmonic and the London Philharmonic Choir performed Murray Gold's compositions for the series, conducted by Ben Foster, as well as a selection of classics based on the theme of space and time. The event was presented by Freema Agyeman and guest-presented by various other stars of the show with numerous monsters participating in the proceedings. It also featured the specially filmed mini-episode \"Music of the Spheres\", written by Russell T Davies and starring David Tennant. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.586917877197266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 2013, a 50th-anniversary boxed set of audio CDs was released featuring music and sound effects from Doctor Who’s 50-year history. The celebration continued in 2016 with the release of Doctor Who: The 50th Anniversary Collection Four LP Box Set by New York City-based Spacelab9. The company pressed 1,000 copies of the set on “Metallic Silver” vinyl, dubbed the “Cyberman Edition”. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.475117683410645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Below is a collection of current and past Doctor Who logos from the classic and current series. The different doctors have been named below the logos that have appeared during their tenure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323171615600586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor) was reused in a slightly modified format for the 50th anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor\" during the Eleventh Doctor's run. The logo used in the television movie featuring the Eighth Doctor was an updated version of the logo used for the Third Doctor. The logo from 1973–80 was used for the Third Doctor's final season and for the majority of the Fourth Doctor's tenure. The following logo, while most associated with the Fifth Doctor, was also used for the Fourth Doctor's final season. The logo used for the Ninth Doctor was slightly edited for the Tenth Doctor, but it retained the same general appearance. The logo used for the Eleventh Doctor had the \"DW\" TARDIS insignia placed to the right in 2012, but the same font remained, albeit with a slight edit to the texture every episode, with the texture relating to some aspect of the story. The logo for the Twelfth Doctor had the \"DW\" TARDIS insignia removed and the font was subtly altered, as well as made slightly larger. As of 2014, the logo used for the Third and Eighth Doctors is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors, and the current Doctor Who logo is used for all merchandise relating to the current Doctor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.621827125549316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "File:Doctor Who logo 2005 (1).svg|2005–10(Ninth Doctor and Tenth Doctor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057716369628906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "File:Doctor Who logo 2012 background.svg|2012–13(Eleventh Doctor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27340030670166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "File:Doctor Who logo 2014.jpg|2014–present(Twelfth Doctor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.347471237182617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the first episode of Doctor Who was repeated with the second episode the following week. Doctor Who has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream BBC One channel, where it is regarded as a family show, drawing audiences of many millions of viewers; episodes are now repeated on BBC Three. The programme's popularity has waxed and waned over the decades, with three notable periods of high ratings. The first of these was the \"Dalekmania\" period (circa 1964–1965), when the popularity of the Daleks regularly brought Doctor Who ratings of between 9 and 14 million, even for stories which did not feature them. The second was the late 1970s, when Tom Baker occasionally drew audiences of over 12 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7559309005737305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who has been broadcast internationally outside of the United Kingdom since 1964, a year after the show first aired. As of 1 January 2013, the modern series has been or is currently broadcast weekly in more than 50 countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.369397163391113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who is one of the five top grossing titles for BBC Worldwide, the BBC's commercial arm. BBC Worldwide CEO John Smith has said that Doctor Who is one of a small number of \"Superbrands\" which Worldwide will promote heavily. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41482925415039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "For the Canadian broadcast, Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions for each episode (including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest) and excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary were played over the closing credits; for the broadcast of \"The Christmas Invasion\" on 26 December 2005, Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction. CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P (20:30 in Newfoundland and Labrador), shortly after that day's CFL double header on Thanksgiving in most of the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0153703689575195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who films", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420928001403809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "There are two Doctor Who feature films: Dr. Who and the Daleks, released in 1965 and Daleks – Invasion Earth: 2150 A.D. in 1966. Both are retellings of existing television stories (specifically, the first two Dalek serials, The Daleks and The Dalek Invasion of Earth respectively) with a larger budget and alterations to the series concept.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.622432231903076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Dr. Who", "passage": "In these films, Peter Cushing plays a human scientist named \"Dr. Who\", who travels with his granddaughter and niece and other companions in a time machine he has invented. The Cushing version of the character reappears in both comic strips and a short story, the latter attempting to reconcile the film continuity with that of the series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289153099060059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In addition, several planned films were proposed, including a sequel, The Chase, loosely based on the original series story, for the Cushing Doctor, plus many attempted television movie and big screen productions to revive the original Doctor Who, after the original series was cancelled.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.436372756958008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 2011, David Yates announced that he had started work with the BBC on a Doctor Who film, a project that would take three or more years to complete. Yates indicated that the film would take a different approach to Doctor Who, although the current Doctor Who showrunner Steven Moffat stated later that any such film would not be a reboot of the series and a film should be made by the BBC team and star the current TV Doctor. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.384647369384766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday. In the late 1980s, Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker both played the Doctor at different times during the run of a play titled Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure. For two performances, while Pertwee was ill, David Banks (better known for playing Cybermen) played the Doctor. Other original plays have been staged as amateur productions, with other actors playing the Doctor, while Terry Nation wrote The Curse of the Daleks, a stage play mounted in the late 1960s, but without the Doctor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.091376304626465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Concept art for an animated Doctor Who series was produced by animation company Nelvana in the 1980s, but the series was not produced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.046854972839355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Following the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled Torchwood (an anagram of \"Doctor Who\"), set in modern-day Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006. John Barrowman reprised his role of Jack Harkness from the 2005 series of Doctor Who. Two other actresses who appeared in Doctor Who also star in the series; Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper, who also played the similarly named servant girl Gwyneth in the 2005 Doctor Who episode \"The Unquiet Dead\", and Naoko Mori who reprised her role as Toshiko Sato first seen in \"Aliens of London\". A second series of Torchwood aired in 2008; for three episodes, the cast was joined by Freema Agyeman reprising her Doctor Who role of Martha Jones. A third series was broadcast from 6 to 10 July 2009, and consisted of a single five-part story called Children of Earth which was set largely in London. A fourth series, Torchwood: Miracle Day jointly produced by BBC Wales, BBC Worldwide and the American entertainment company Starz debuted in 2011. The series was predominantly set in the United States, though Wales remained part of the show's setting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.188435077667236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "An animated serial, The Infinite Quest, aired alongside the 2007 series of Doctor Who as part of the children's television series Totally Doctor Who. The serial featured the voices of series regulars David Tennant and Freema Agyeman but is not considered part of the 2007 series. A second animated serial, Dreamland, aired in six parts on the BBC Red Button service, and the official Doctor Who website in 2009. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.728294372558594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 1983, coinciding with the series' 20th anniversary, a charity special titled The Five Doctors was produced in aid of Children in Need, featuring three of the first five Doctors, a new actor to replace the deceased William Hartnell, and unused footage to represent Tom Baker. This was a full-length, 90-minute film, the longest single episode of Doctor Who produced to date (the television movie ran slightly longer on broadcast where it included commercial breaks). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8804755210876465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 1999, another special, Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS. An affectionate parody of the television series, it was split into four segments, mimicking the traditional serial format, complete with cliffhangers, and running down the same corridor several times when being chased (the version released on video was split into only two episodes). In the story, the Doctor (Rowan Atkinson) encounters both the Master (Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks. During the special the Doctor is forced to regenerate several times, with his subsequent incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley. The script was written by Steven Moffat, later to be head writer and executive producer to the revived series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9518914222717285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Since the return of Doctor Who in 2005, the franchise has produced two original \"mini-episodes\" to support Children in Need. The first, aired in November 2005, was an untitled seven-minute scene which introduced David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor. It was followed in November 2007 by \"Time Crash\", a 7-minute scene which featured the Tenth Doctor meeting the Fifth Doctor (played once again by Peter Davison).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.040989398956299, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who has been satirised and spoofed on many occasions by comedians including Spike Milligan (a Dalek invades his bathroom — Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and Lenny Henry. Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series. Doctor Who fandom has also been lampooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War on Everything, Mystery Science Theater 3000, Family Guy, American Dad!, Futurama, South Park,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.051467895507812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "There have also been many references to Doctor Who in popular culture and other science fiction, including Star Trek: The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk (created by later Doctor Who executive producer Russell T. Davies), the character of Vince was portrayed as an avid Doctor Who fan, with references appearing many times throughout in the form of clips from the programme. In a similar manner, the character of Oliver on Coupling (created and written by current show runner Steven Moffat) is portrayed as a Doctor Who collector and enthusiast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.932897567749023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "References to Doctor Who have also appeared in the young adult fantasy novels Brisingr and High Wizardry, the video game Rock Band, the soap opera EastEnders, the Adult Swim comedy show Robot Chicken, the Family Guy episodes \"Blue Harvest\" and \"420\", and the game RuneScape. It has also be referenced in Destroy All Humans! 2, by civilians in the game's variation of England, and in Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21106243133545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who has been a reference in several political cartoons, from a 1964 cartoon in the Daily Mail depicting Charles de Gaulle as a Dalek to a 2008 edition of This Modern World by Tom Tomorrow in which the Tenth Doctor informs an incredulous character from 2003 that the Democratic Party will nominate an African-American as its presidential candidate. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.104416847229004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "There have been various exhibitions of Doctor Who in the United Kingdom, including the now closed exhibitions at:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4030179977417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Since its beginnings, Doctor Who has generated hundreds of products related to the show, from toys and games to collectible picture cards and postage stamps. These include board games, card games, gamebooks, computer games, roleplaying games, action figures and a pinball game. Many games have been released that feature the Daleks, including Dalek computer games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49041748046875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Since 1999, Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors, with Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor began appearing for Big Finish in 2012. Along with the main range, adventures of the First, Second and Third Doctors have been produced in both limited cast and full cast formats, as well as audiobooks. The 2013 series Destiny of the Doctor, produced as part of the series' 50th Anniversary celebrations, marked the first time Big Finish created stories (in this case audiobooks) featuring the Doctors from the revived show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.268428802490234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "* List of Doctor Who novelisations", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.498138427734375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Numerous Doctor Who video games have been created from the mid-80s through to the present day. One of the recent ones is a match-3 game released in November 2013 for iOS, Android, Amazon App Store and Facebook called Doctor Who: Legacy. It has been constantly updated since its release and features all of the Doctors as playable characters as well as over 100 companions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06204891204834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Another video game instalment is LEGO Dimensions – in which Doctor Who is one of the many \"Level Packs\" in the game. At the moment, the pack contains the Twelfth Doctor (who can reincarnate into the others), K9, the TARDIS and a Victorian London adventure level area. The game and pack released in November 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49230670928955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Since the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC, there have also been novels, comics, short stories, audio books, radio plays, interactive video games, game books, webcasts, DVD extras, and even stage performances. In this respect it is noteworthy that the BBC takes no position on the canonicity of any of such stories, and producers of the show have expressed distaste for the idea. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.472345352172852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies' tenure as executive producer. In 2011, Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor and in 2016, Michelle Gomez became the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series, getting a Best Supporting Actress nomination for her work as Missy. In 2013, the Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\" The programme is listed in Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world, the \"most successful\" science fiction series of all time—based on its over-all broadcast ratings, DVD and book sales, and iTunes traffic— and for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its 50th anniversary special. During its original run, it was recognised for its imaginative stories, creative low-budget special effects, and pioneering use of electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.02610969543457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series, the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated. It was very popular at the BAFTA Cymru Awards, with 25 wins overall including Best Drama Series (twice), Best Screenplay/Screenwriter (thrice) and Best Actor. It was also nominated for 7 Saturn Awards, winning the only Best International Series in the ceremony's history. In 2009, Doctor Who was voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice. The episode \"Vincent and the Doctor\" was shortlisted for a Mind Award at the 2010 Mind Mental Health Media Awards for its \"touching\" portrayal of Vincent van Gogh. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.808228492736816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "It has won the Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the oldest science fiction/fantasy award for films and series, six times (every year since 2006, except for 2009, 2013 and 2014). The winning episodes were \"The Empty Child\"/\"The Doctor Dances\" (2006), \"The Girl in the Fireplace\" (2007), \"Blink\" (2008), \"The Waters of Mars\" (2010), \"The Pandorica Opens\"/\"The Big Bang\" (2011), and \"The Doctor's Wife\" (2012). Doctor Who star Matt Smith won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards alongside Karen Gillan who won Best Actress. Doctor Who has been nominated for over 200 awards and has won over a hundred of them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.520702362060547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Dallas Fire-Rescue", "Dallas, tx", "Sister cities of Dallas, Texas", "Dallas", "Sister cities of Dallas", "Dallas, TX/Draft", "Dallas, texas", "Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.", "Dallas, Tex.", "Dallas City Council", "Dallas,Texas", "Dallas, Texas/Draft", "Dallas Texas", "History of Dallas, TX", "Dallas, USA", "Dallas TX", "DALLAS", "Dallas, TX", "Dallas, United States", "Dalls", "UN/LOCODE:USDAL", "Dallas (TX)", "Dallas Fire-Rescue Department", "Dallas (AFL)", "Facts on Dallas, TX", "Dallas, Texas, United States of America", "Dallas, Texas, USA", "Dallas (City)", "Dallas, Texas, U.S.", "City of Dallas", "Dallas Fire Department", "The Big D (Texas)", "Dallas, Texas", "City of Dallas, Texas", "Dallas texas", "Dallas (Texas)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "dallas texas united states of america", "facts on dallas tx", "sister cities of dallas", "dallas tex", "dallas tx", "dallas tx draft", "dallas city", "dallas fire rescue", "dallas texas", "dallas fire department", "sister cities of dallas texas", "dallas afl", "dallas usa", "dallas city council", "un locode usdal", "dallas texas usa", "city of dallas", "dallas fire rescue department", "dallas united states", "dallas texas draft", "dalls", "city of dallas texas", "dallas", "dallas texas u s", "big d texas", "history of dallas tx" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "dallas", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Dallas" }

[ { "answer": "Dallas", "passage": "\"Who shot J.R.?\" is an advertising catchphrase that American network CBS created in 1980 to promote the television series Dallas. It referred to the mystery surrounding a murder attempt against the character J.R. Ewing in \"A House Divided\", the show's third-season finale, which was not resolved until a fourth-season episode that aired eight months later.", "precise_score": 5.599418640136719, "rough_score": 6.007964134216309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Who shot J.R.?" }, { "answer": "Dallas", "passage": "Production for the 1980–81 season began in June 1980, but Hagman—who had begun the show in a secondary role but now was the star—refused to film the show without a raise. He returned to work ten days later with a new contract that paid him $100,000 per episode and royalties from J.R. Ewing merchandise. Viewers had to wait an additional two months to find out the answer to the famous question, however, as a strike by the Writers Guild of America began in July that delayed the production of most new network shows by eight weeks. During the delay, CBS showed early Dallas episodes featuring J.R. Ewing, helping the show's many new fans better understand his character.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.709184408187866, "source": "wiki", "title": "Who shot J.R.?" }, { "answer": "Dallas", "passage": "The \"Who shot J.R.?\" storyline was spoofed in the February 21, 1981 episode of Saturday Night Live, which was guest-hosted by Dallas star Charlene Tilton. The episode, sometimes referred to as \"Who Shot C.R.?\", provided several cast members with various motivations to hate co-star Charles Rocket, who is shot in the episode. At the end of the episode, Rocket made the notorious ad-libbed comment \"I'd like to know who the fuck did it.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5393993854522705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Who shot J.R.?" }, { "answer": "Dallas", "passage": "In Larry Hagman's final episode of the 2012 sequel, Dallas, which aired on March 4, 2013, J.R. was shot again, this time fatally. In the 2013 Season 2 finale it was revealed that J.R. asked Steve \"Bum\" Jones to shoot him so his 'masterpiece' could play out, framing Cliff Barnes for his murder. The main reason he had himself killed was because doctors told J.R. that he had only days to live; he was dying from cancer. In his letter to Bobby he reveals all of this and that he wanted to die helping his family end the Ewing/Barnes feud once and for all. As J.R.'s son John Ross said \"The only person that could take down J.R.—was J.R.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.422882318496704, "source": "wiki", "title": "Who shot J.R.?" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Republic of Sénégal", "Sengal", "Sport in Senegal", "ISO 3166-1:SN", "Indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethnic groups of Senegal", "Culture of Senegal", "Republic of Senegal", "Senegal", "Senegalese", "République du Sénégal", "Sénégal", "Indigenous Cultures, Kingdoms and Ethnic Groups of Senegal", "Etymology of Senegal" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "republic of sénégal", "culture of senegal", "senegalese", "senegal", "sénégal", "republic of senegal", "république du sénégal", "sengal", "indigenous cultures kingdoms and ethnic groups of senegal", "sport in senegal", "etymology of senegal", "iso 3166 1 sn" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "senegal", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Senegal" }

[ { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa mostly surrounded by Senegal with a short strip of its coastline bordered with the Atlantic Ocean at its western end. It is the smallest country on mainland Africa. ", "precise_score": 5.025379657745361, "rough_score": 6.5677618980407715, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "Senegal surrounds the Gambia on three sides, with 80 km of coastline on the Atlantic Ocean marking its western extremity. ", "precise_score": 2.6543521881103516, "rough_score": 2.7146964073181152, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "Although the Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, its culture is the product of very diverse influences. The national borders outline a narrow strip on either side of the River Gambia, a body of water that has played a vital part in the nation's destiny and is known locally simply as \"the River.\" Without natural barriers, the Gambia has become home to most of the ethnic groups that are present throughout western Africa, especially those in Senegal.", "precise_score": 0.01587085798382759, "rough_score": 1.761633038520813, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "By the 11th or 12th century, the rulers of kingdoms such as Takrur (a monarchy centred on the Senegal River just to the north), ancient Ghana and Gao, had converted to Islam and had appointed Muslims who were literate in the Arabic language as courtiers. At the beginning of the 14th century, most of what is today called Gambia was part of the Mali Empire. The Portuguese reached this area by sea in the mid-15th century, and they began to dominate overseas trade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0847556591033936, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "During the late 17th century and throughout the 18th century, the British Empire and the French Empire struggled continually for political and commercial supremacy in the regions of the Senegal River and the Gambia River. The British Empire occupied the Gambia when an expedition led by Augustus Keppel landed there—following the Capture of Senegal in 1758. The 1783 First Treaty of Versailles gave Great Britain possession of the Gambia River, but the French retained a tiny enclave at Albreda on the river's north bank. This was finally ceded to the United Kingdom in 1856.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.925560474395752, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "President Jawara immediately requested military aid from Senegal, which deployed 400 troops to The Gambia on 31 July. By 6 August, some 2,700 Senegalese troops had been deployed, defeating the rebel force. Between 500 and 800 people were killed during the coup and the resulting violence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.111143589019775, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "In 1982, in the aftermath of the 1981 attempted coup, Senegal and The Gambia signed a treaty of confederation. The Senegambia Confederation aimed to combine the armed forces of the two states and to unify their economies and currencies. After just seven years, The Gambia permanently withdrew from the confederation in 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.209178447723389, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "Gambia has a tropical climate. A hot and rainy season normally lasts from June until November, but from then until May, cooler temperatures predominate, with less precipitation. The climate in the Gambia closely resembles that of neighbouring Senegal, of southern Mali, and of the northern part of Benin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.778388023376465, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "The Gambia followed a formal policy of nonalignment throughout most of former President Jawara's tenure. It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained the Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States, which until 2002 suspended most nonhumanitarian assistance in accordance with Section 508 of the Foreign Assistance Act. Since 1995, President Jammeh has established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya (suspended in 2010), and Cuba. The People's Republic of China cut ties with the Gambia in 1995 after the latter established diplomatic links with Taiwan and reestablished in 2016. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.019890420138835907, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "The Gambia has also sought to mediate disputes in nearby Guinea-Bissau and the neighbouring Casamance region of Senegal. The government of the Gambia believes Senegal was complicit in the March 2006 failed coup attempt. This has put increasing strains on relations between the Gambia and its neighbour. The subsequent worsening of the human rights situation has placed increasing strains of US–Gambian relations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7448184490203857, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "Previously, the United Kingdom and other EU countries constituted the major Gambian domestic export markets. However, in recent years Senegal, the United States, and Japan have become significant trade partners of the Gambia. In Africa, Senegal represented the biggest trade partner of the Gambia in 2007, which is a defining contrast to previous years that had Guinea-Bissau and Ghana as equally important trade partners. Globally, Denmark, the United States, and China have become important source countries for Gambian imports. The UK, Germany, Ivory Coast, and the Netherlands also provide a fair share of Gambian imports. The Gambian trade deficit for 2007 was $331 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3952406942844391, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "Serer religion encompasses cosmology and a belief in a supreme deity called Rog. Some of its religious festivals include the Xoy, Mbosseh, and Randou Rande. Each year, adherents to Serer religion make the annual pilgrimage to Sine in Senegal for the Xoy divination ceremony. Serer religion also has a rather significant imprint on Senegambian Muslim society in that all Senegambian Muslim festivals such as \"Tobaski\", \"Gamo\", \"Koriteh\" and \"Weri Kor\" are loanwords from the Serer religion as they were ancient Serer festivals. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.951828956604004, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "The music of the Gambia is closely linked musically with that of its neighbour, Senegal, which surrounds its inland frontiers completely. It fuses popular Western music and dance, with sabar, the traditional drumming and dance music of the Wolof and Serer people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1899349689483643, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" }, { "answer": "Senegal", "passage": "As in neighboring Senegal, the national and most popular sport in Gambia is wrestling. Association football and basketball are also popular. Football in the Gambia is administered by the Gambia Football Association, who are affiliated to both FIFA and CAF. The GFA runs league football in the Gambia, including top division GFA League First Division, as well as the Gambia national football team. Nicknamed The Scorpions, the national side have never qualified for either the FIFA World Cup or the Africa Cup of Nations finals at senior levels. The Gambia won two CAF U-17 championships one in 2005 when the country hosted, and 2009 in Algeria automatically qualifying for FIFA U-17 World Cup in Peru (2005) and Nigeria (2009) respectively. The U-20 also qualified for FIFA U-20 2007 in Canada. The female U-17 also competed in FIFA U-17 World Cup 2012 in Azerbaijan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9183992147445679, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Gambia" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Uthium", "Lithium", "Litium", "1S2 2S", "Lithium metal", "LithoTab", "Element 3", "Atomic number 3", "Lithium compounds", "Li (element)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "li element", "atomic number 3", "lithium", "element 3", "lithium compounds", "litium", "uthium", "lithium metal", "1s2 2s", "lithotab" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "lithium", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Lithium" }

[ { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The two lightest elements, hydrogen and helium were mostly formed in the Big Bang and are the most common elements in the universe. The next three elements (lithium, beryllium and boron) were formed mostly by cosmic ray spallation, and are thus more rare than those that follow. Formation of elements with from six to twenty six protons occurred and continues to occur in main sequence stars via stellar nucleosynthesis. The high abundance of oxygen, silicon, and iron on Earth reflects their common production in such stars. Elements with greater than twenty-six protons are formed by supernova nucleosynthesis in supernovae, which, when they explode, blast these elements far into space as supernova remnants, where they may become incorporated into planets when they are formed. ", "precise_score": -8.21566104888916, "rough_score": -8.96560287475586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The lightest chemical elements are hydrogen and helium, both created by Big Bang nucleosynthesis during the first 20 minutes of the universe in a ratio of around 3:1 by mass (or 12:1 by number of atoms), along with tiny traces of the next two elements, lithium and beryllium. Almost all other elements found in nature were made by various natural methods of nucleosynthesis. On Earth, small amounts of new atoms are naturally produced in nucleogenic reactions, or in cosmogenic processes, such as cosmic ray spallation. New atoms are also naturally produced on Earth as radiogenic daughter isotopes of ongoing radioactive decay processes such as alpha decay, beta decay, spontaneous fission, cluster decay, and other rarer modes of decay.", "precise_score": -7.933851718902588, "rough_score": -8.781865119934082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The universe's 94 naturally occurring chemical elements are thought to have been produced by at least four cosmic processes. Most of the hydrogen and helium in the universe was produced primordially in the first few minutes of the Big Bang. Three recurrently occurring later processes are thought to have produced the remaining elements. Stellar nucleosynthesis, an ongoing process, produces all elements from carbon through iron in atomic number, but little lithium, beryllium, or boron. Elements heavier in atomic number than iron, as heavy as uranium and plutonium, are produced by explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovas and other cataclysmic cosmic events. Cosmic ray spallation (fragmentation) of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen is important to the production of lithium, beryllium and boron.", "precise_score": -7.847346305847168, "rough_score": -8.105324745178223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium (from , \"stone\") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable. For this reason, it is typically stored in mineral oil. When cut open, it exhibits a metallic luster, but contact with moist air corrodes the surface quickly to a dull silvery gray, then black tarnish. Because of its high reactivity, lithium never occurs freely in nature, and instead, appears only in compounds, which are usually ionic. Lithium occurs in a number of pegmatitic minerals, but due to its solubility as an ion, is present in ocean water and is commonly obtained from brines and clays. On a commercial scale, lithium is isolated electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride.", "precise_score": 3.399073839187622, "rough_score": 5.01641845703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Trace amounts of lithium are present in all organisms. The element serves no apparent vital biological function, since animals and plants survive in good health without it, though non-vital functions have not been ruled out. The lithium ion Li+ administered as any of several lithium salts has proved to be useful as a mood-stabilizing drug in the treatment of bipolar disorder in humans.", "precise_score": -8.074396133422852, "rough_score": -9.335548400878906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium reacts with water easily, but with noticeably less energy than other alkali metals. The reaction forms hydrogen gas and lithium hydroxide in aqueous solution. Because of its reactivity with water, lithium is usually stored in a hydrocarbon sealant, often petroleum jelly. Though the heavier alkali metals can be stored in more dense substances, such as mineral oil, lithium is not dense enough to be fully submerged in these liquids. In moist air, lithium rapidly tarnishes to form a black coating of lithium hydroxide (LiOH and LiOH·H2O), lithium nitride (Li3N) and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3, the result of a secondary reaction between LiOH and CO2).", "precise_score": -8.723869323730469, "rough_score": -9.458378791809082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium has a diagonal relationship with magnesium, an element of similar atomic and ionic radius. Chemical resemblances between the two metals include the formation of a nitride by reaction with N2, the formation of an oxide () and peroxide () when burnt in O2, salts with similar solubilities, and thermal instability of the carbonates and nitrides. The metal reacts with hydrogen gas at high temperatures to produce lithium hydride (LiH). ", "precise_score": -7.515195846557617, "rough_score": -5.497894763946533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Other known binary compounds include halides (LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI), sulfide (lithium sulfide|), superoxide (Lithium superoxide|), and carbide (Lithium carbide|). Many other inorganic compounds are known in which lithium combines with anions to form salts: borates, amides, carbonate, nitrate, or borohydride (Lithium borohydride|). Lithium aluminium hydride () is commonly used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis.", "precise_score": -7.9092512130737305, "rough_score": -6.975838661193848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Multiple organolithium reagents are known in which there is a direct bond between carbon and lithium atoms, effectively creating a carbanion. These are extremely powerful bases and nucleophiles. In many of these organolithium compounds, the lithium ions tend to aggregate into high-symmetry clusters by themselves, which is relatively common for alkali cations. LiHe, a very weakly interacting van der Waals compound, has been detected at very low temperatures. ", "precise_score": -8.856350898742676, "rough_score": -7.792530536651611, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Naturally occurring lithium is composed of two stable isotopes, 6Li and 7Li, the latter being the more abundant (92.5% natural abundance). Both natural isotopes have anomalously low nuclear binding energy per nucleon (compared to the neighboring elements on the periodic table, helium and beryllium); lithium is the only low numbered element that can produce net energy through nuclear fission. The two lithium nuclei have lower binding energies per nucleon than any other stable nuclides other than deuterium and helium-3.:File:Binding energy curve - common isotopes.svg shows binding energies of stable nuclides graphically; the source of the data-set is given in the figure background. As a result of this, though very light in atomic weight, lithium is less common in the Solar System than 25 of the first 32 chemical elements. Seven radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being 8Li with a half-life of 838 ms and 9Li with a half-life of 178 ms. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are shorter than 8.6 ms. The shortest-lived isotope of lithium is 4Li, which decays through proton emission and has a half-life of 7.6 × 10−23 s.", "precise_score": -8.533548355102539, "rough_score": -8.91678524017334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Petalite (LiAlSi4O10) was discovered in 1800 by the Brazilian chemist and statesman José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva in a mine on the island of Utö, Sweden. However, it was not until 1817 that Johan August Arfwedson, then working in the laboratory of the chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, detected the presence of a new element while analyzing petalite ore. This element formed compounds similar to those of sodium and potassium, though its carbonate and hydroxide were less soluble in water and more alkaline. Berzelius gave the alkaline material the name \"lithion/lithina\", from the Greek word λιθoς (transliterated as lithos, meaning \"stone\"), to reflect its discovery in a solid mineral, as opposed to potassium, which had been discovered in plant ashes, and sodium which was known partly for its high abundance in animal blood. He named the metal inside the material \"lithium\".", "precise_score": -3.5905206203460693, "rough_score": -6.43640661239624, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium oxide is widely used as a flux for processing silica, reducing the melting point and viscosity of the material and leading to glazes with improved physical properties including low coefficients of thermal expansion. Worldwide, this is the single largest use for lithium compounds. Glazes containing lithium oxides are used for ovenware. Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is generally used in this application because it converts to the oxide upon heating. ", "precise_score": -9.59703254699707, "rough_score": -8.381814002990723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides, such as Li[AlH4], are used as high-energy additives to rocket propellants. Lithium aluminum hydride can also be used by itself as a solid fuel. ", "precise_score": -6.762484073638916, "rough_score": -7.820547580718994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium fluoride, when highly enriched in the lithium-7 isotope, forms the basic constituent of the fluoride salt mixture LiF-BeF2 used in liquid fluoride nuclear reactors. Lithium fluoride is exceptionally chemically stable and LiF-BeF2 mixtures have low melting points. In addition, 7Li, Be, and F are among the few nuclides with low enough thermal neutron capture cross-sections not to poison the fission reactions inside a nuclear fission reactor.Beryllium and fluorine occur only as one isotope, 9Be and 19F respectively. These two, together with 7Li, as well as 2H, 11B, 15N, 209Bi, and the stable isotopes of C, and O, are the only nuclides with low enough thermal neutron capture cross sections aside from actinides to serve as major constituents of a molten salt breeder reactor fuel. ", "precise_score": -9.148062705993652, "rough_score": -7.111691474914551, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "In conceptualized (hypothetical) nuclear fusion power plants, lithium will be used to produce tritium in magnetically confined reactors using deuterium and tritium as the fuel. Naturally occurring tritium is extremely rare, and must be synthetically produced by surrounding the reacting plasma with a 'blanket' containing lithium where neutrons from the deuterium-tritium reaction in the plasma will fission the lithium to produce more tritium:", "precise_score": -10.022241592407227, "rough_score": -8.772818565368652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium is also used as a source for alpha particles, or helium nuclei. When 7Li is bombarded by accelerated protons 8Be is formed, which undergoes fission to form two alpha particles. This feat, called \"splitting the atom\" at the time, was the first fully man-made nuclear reaction. It was produced by Cockroft and Walton in 1932. ", "precise_score": -9.237253189086914, "rough_score": -9.035865783691406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "During the early phases of the Big Bang, nucleosynthesis of hydrogen nuclei resulted in the production of hydrogen-1 (protium, 1H) and helium-4 (4He), as well as a smaller amount of deuterium (2H) and very minuscule amounts (on the order of 10−10) of lithium and beryllium. Even smaller amounts of boron may have been produced in the Big Bang, since it has been observed in some very old stars, while carbon has not. It is generally agreed that no heavier elements than boron were produced in the Big Bang. As a result, the primordial abundance of atoms (or ions) consisted of roughly 75% 1H, 25% 4He, and 0.01% deuterium, with only tiny traces of lithium, beryllium, and perhaps boron. Subsequent enrichment of galactic halos occurred due to stellar nucleosynthesis and supernova nucleosynthesis. However, the element abundance in intergalactic space can still closely resemble primordial conditions, unless it has been enriched by some means.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.818041801452637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "* Reactive metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, and calcium", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239766120910645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The nucleus of the lithium atom verges on instability, since the two stable lithium isotopes found in nature have among the lowest binding energies per nucleon of all stable nuclides. Because of its relative nuclear instability, lithium is less common in the solar system than 25 of the first 32 chemical elements even though the nuclei are very light in atomic weight. For related reasons, lithium has important links to nuclear physics. The transmutation of lithium atoms to helium in 1932 was the first fully man-made nuclear reaction, and lithium-6 deuteride serves as a fusion fuel in staged thermonuclear weapons. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.033945083618164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium and its compounds have several industrial applications, including heat-resistant glass and ceramics, lithium grease lubricants, flux additives for iron, steel and aluminium production, lithium batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. These uses consume more than three quarters of lithium production.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.404109001159668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Like the other alkali metals, lithium has a single valence electron that is easily given up to form a cation. Because of this, lithium is a good conductor of heat and electricity as well as a highly reactive element, though it is the least reactive of the alkali metals. Lithium's low reactivity is due to the proximity of its valence electron to its nucleus (the remaining two electrons are in the 1s orbital, much lower in energy, and do not participate in chemical bonds).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.459457397460938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium metal is soft enough to be cut with a knife. When cut, it possesses a silvery-white color that quickly changes to gray as it oxidizes to lithium oxide. While it has one of the lowest melting points among all metals (180 °C), it has the highest melting and boiling points of the alkali metals. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.020811080932617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium has a very low density (0.534 g/cm3), comparable with pine wood. It is the least dense of all elements that are solids at room temperature; the next lightest solid element (potassium, at 0.862 g/cm3) is more than 60% denser. Furthermore, apart from helium and hydrogen, it is less dense than any liquid element, being only 2/3 as dense as liquid nitrogen (0.808 g/cm3). Lithium can float on the lightest hydrocarbon oils and is one of only three metals that can float on water, the other two being sodium and potassium.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.844321250915527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium's coefficient of thermal expansion is twice that of aluminium and almost four times that of iron. Lithium is superconductive below 400 μK at standard pressure and at higher temperatures (more than 9 K) at very high pressures (>20 GPa). At temperatures below 70 K, lithium, like sodium, undergoes diffusionless phase change transformations. At 4.2 K it has a rhombohedral crystal system (with a nine-layer repeat spacing); at higher temperatures it transforms to face-centered cubic and then body-centered cubic. At liquid-helium temperatures (4 K) the rhombohedral structure is prevalent. Multiple allotropic forms have been identified for lithium at high pressures. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.571930885314941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium has a mass specific heat capacity of 3.58 kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin, the highest of all solids. Because of this, lithium metal is often used in coolants for heat transfer applications.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.801200866699219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "When placed over a flame, lithium compounds give off a striking crimson color, but when it burns strongly the flame becomes a brilliant silver. Lithium will ignite and burn in oxygen when exposed to water or water vapors. Lithium is flammable, and it is potentially explosive when exposed to air and especially to water, though less so than the other alkali metals. The lithium-water reaction at normal temperatures is brisk but nonviolent because the hydrogen produced does not ignite on its own. As with all alkali metals, lithium fires are difficult to extinguish, requiring dry powder fire extinguishers (Class D type). Lithium is the only metal which reacts with nitrogen under normal conditions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.722264289855957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "7Li is one of the primordial elements (or, more properly, primordial nuclides) produced in Big Bang nucleosynthesis. A small amount of both 6Li and 7Li are produced in stars, but are thought to be \"burned\" as fast as produced. Additional small amounts of lithium of both 6Li and 7Li may be generated from solar wind, cosmic rays hitting heavier atoms, and from early solar system 7Be and 10Be radioactive decay. While lithium is created in stars during stellar nucleosynthesis, it is further burned. 7Li can also be generated in carbon stars. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.618814468383789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium isotopes fractionate substantially during a wide variety of natural processes, including mineral formation (chemical precipitation), metabolism, and ion exchange. Lithium ions substitute for magnesium and iron in octahedral sites in clay minerals, where 6Li is preferred to 7Li, resulting in enrichment of the light isotope in processes of hyperfiltration and rock alteration. The exotic 11Li is known to exhibit a nuclear halo. The process known as laser isotope separation can be used to separate lithium isotopes, in particular 7Li from 6Li. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.940040588378906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Nuclear weapons manufacture and other nuclear physics applications are a major source of artificial lithium fractionation, with the light isotope 6Li being retained by industry and military stockpiles to such an extent that it has caused slight but measurable change in the 6Li to 7Li ratios in natural sources, such as rivers. This has led to unusual uncertainty in the standardized atomic weight of lithium, since this quantity depends on the natural abundance ratios of these naturally-occurring stable lithium isotopes, as they are available in commercial lithium mineral sources.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.225212097167969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "According to modern cosmological theory, lithium—in both stable isotopes (lithium-6 and lithium-7)—was one of the 3 elements synthesized in the Big Bang. Though the amount of lithium generated in Big Bang nucleosynthesis is dependent upon the number of photons per baryon, for accepted values the lithium abundance can be calculated, and there is a \"cosmological lithium discrepancy\" in the Universe: older stars seem to have less lithium than they should, and some younger stars have much more. The lack of lithium in older stars is apparently caused by the \"mixing\" of lithium into the interior of stars, where it is destroyed, while lithium is produced in younger stars. Though it transmutes into two atoms of helium due to collision with a proton at temperatures above 2.4 million degrees Celsius (most stars easily attain this temperature in their interiors), lithium is more abundant than current computations would predict in later-generation stars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.832207679748535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Though it was one of the three first elements to be synthesized in the Big Bang, lithium, together with beryllium and boron are markedly less abundant than other elements. This is a result of the low temperature necessary to destroy lithium, and a lack of common processes to produce it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.294677734375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium is also found in brown dwarf substellar objects and certain anomalous orange stars. Because lithium is present in cooler, less-massive brown dwarfs, but is destroyed in hotter red dwarf stars, its presence in the stars' spectra can be used in the \"lithium test\" to differentiate the two, as both are smaller than the Sun. Certain orange stars can also contain a high concentration of lithium. Those orange stars found to have a higher than usual concentration of lithium (such as Centaurus X-4) orbit massive objects—neutron stars or black holes—whose gravity evidently pulls heavier lithium to the surface of a hydrogen-helium star, causing more lithium to be observed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53839111328125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Although lithium is widely distributed on Earth, it does not naturally occur in elemental form due to its high reactivity. The total lithium content of seawater is very large and is estimated as 230 billion tonnes, where the element exists at a relatively constant concentration of 0.14 to 0.25 parts per million (ppm), or 25 micromolar; higher concentrations approaching 7 ppm are found near hydrothermal vents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61592960357666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Estimates for the Earth's crustal content range from 20 to 70 ppm by weight. In keeping with its name, lithium forms a minor part of igneous rocks, with the largest concentrations in granites. Granitic pegmatites also provide the greatest abundance of lithium-containing minerals, with spodumene and petalite being the most commercially viable sources. Another significant mineral of lithium is lepidolite. A newer source for lithium is hectorite clay, the only active development of which is through the Western Lithium Corporation in the United States. At 20 mg lithium per kg of Earth's crust, lithium is the 25th most abundant element.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.189271926879883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "According to the Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium, \"Lithium is a comparatively rare element, although it is found in many rocks and some brines, but always in very low concentrations. There are a fairly large number of both lithium mineral and brine deposits but only comparatively few of them are of actual or potential commercial value. Many are very small, others are too low in grade.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.909852981567383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The US Geological Survey estimates that in 2010, Chile had the largest reserves by far (7.5 million tonnes) and the highest annual production (8,800 tonnes). One of the largest reserve bases[http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2011/mcsapp2011.pdf Apendixes]. By USGS definitions, the reserve base \"may encompass those parts of the resources that have a reasonable potential for becoming economically available within planning horizons beyond those that assume proven technology and current economics. The reserve base includes those resources that are currently economic (reserves), marginally economic (marginal reserves), and some of those that are currently subeconomic (subeconomic resources).\" of lithium is in the Salar de Uyuni area of Bolivia, which has 5.4 million tonnes. Other major suppliers include Australia, Argentina and China.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.043968200683594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "In June 2010, the New York Times reported that American geologists were conducting ground surveys on dry salt lakes in western Afghanistan believing that large deposits of lithium are located there. \"Pentagon officials said that their initial analysis at one location in Ghazni Province showed the potential for lithium deposits as large as those of Bolivia, which now has the world's largest known lithium reserves.\" These estimates are \"based principally on old data, which was gathered mainly by the Soviets during their occupation of Afghanistan from 1979–1989\". Stephen Peters, the head of the USGS's Afghanistan Minerals Project, said that he was unaware of USGS involvement in any new surveying for minerals in Afghanistan in the past two years. 'We are not aware of any discoveries of lithium,' he said.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.075484275817871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium is found in trace amount in numerous plants, plankton, and invertebrates, at concentrations of 69 to 5,760 parts per billion (ppb). In vertebrates the concentration is slightly lower, and nearly all vertebrate tissue and body fluids contain lithium ranging from 21 to 763 ppb. Marine organisms tend to bioaccumulate lithium more than terrestrial organisms. Whether lithium has a physiological role in any of these organisms is unknown.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263432502746582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Arfwedson later showed that this same element was present in the minerals spodumene and lepidolite. In 1818, Christian Gmelin was the first to observe that lithium salts give a bright red color to flame. However, both Arfwedson and Gmelin tried and failed to isolate the pure element from its salts. It was not isolated until 1821, when William Thomas Brande obtained it by electrolysis of lithium oxide, a process that had previously been employed by the chemist Sir Humphry Davy to isolate the alkali metals potassium and sodium. Brande also described some pure salts of lithium, such as the chloride, and, estimating that lithia (lithium oxide) contained about 55% metal, estimated the atomic weight of lithium to be around 9.8 g/mol (modern value ~6.94 g/mol). In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen. The discovery of this procedure led to commercial production of lithium in 1923 by the German company Metallgesellschaft AG, which performed an electrolysis of a liquid mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.85280704498291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The production and use of lithium underwent several drastic changes in history. The first major application of lithium was in high-temperature lithium greases for aircraft engines and similar applications in World War II and shortly after. This use was supported by the fact that lithium-based soaps have a higher melting point than other alkali soaps, and are less corrosive than calcium based soaps. The small market for lithium soaps and lubricating greases was supported by several small mining operations mostly in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.161467552185059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The demand for lithium increased dramatically during the Cold War with the production of nuclear fusion weapons. Both lithium-6 and lithium-7 produce tritium when irradiated by neutrons, and are thus useful for the production of tritium by itself, as well as a form of solid fusion fuel used inside hydrogen bombs in the form of lithium deuteride. The United States became the prime producer of lithium in the period between the late 1950s and the mid-1980s. At the end, the stockpile of lithium was roughly 42,000 tonnes of lithium hydroxide. The stockpiled lithium was depleted in lithium-6 by 75%, which was enough to affect the measured atomic weight of lithium in many standardized chemicals, and even the atomic weight of lithium in some \"natural sources\" of lithium ion which had been \"contaminated\" by lithium salts discharged from isotope separation facilities, which had found its way into ground water. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.861713409423828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium was used to decrease the melting temperature of glass and to improve the melting behavior of aluminium oxide when using the Hall-Héroult process. These two uses dominated the market until the middle of the 1990s. After the end of the nuclear arms race, the demand for lithium decreased and the sale of Department of Energy stockpiles on the open market further reduced prices. But in the mid-1990s, several companies started to extract lithium from brine which proved to be a less expensive method than underground or even open-pit mining. Most of the mines closed or shifted their focus to other materials because only the ore from zoned pegmatites could be mined for a competitive price. For example, the US mines near Kings Mountain, North Carolina closed before the turn of the 21st century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.784076690673828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The development of lithium ion batteries increased the demand for lithium and became the dominant use in 2007. With the surge of lithium demand in batteries in the 2000s, new companies have expanded brine extraction efforts to meet the rising demand. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293290138244629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium production has greatly increased since the end of World War II. The metal is separated from other elements in igneous minerals. Lithium salts are extracted from water in mineral springs, brine pools and brine deposits. The metal is produced through electrolysis from a mixture of fused 55% lithium chloride and 45% potassium chloride at about 450 °C. In 1998 it was about (or 43 USD/lb). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.957597732543945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Worldwide identified reserves in 2008 were estimated by the US Geological Survey (USGS) as 13 million tonnes, though it is difficult to accurately estimate the world's lithium reserves. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343727111816406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Deposits are found in South America throughout the Andes mountain chain. Chile is the leading producer, followed by Argentina. Both countries recover lithium from brine pools. In the United States lithium is recovered from brine pools in Nevada. However, half the world's known reserves are located in Bolivia, along the central eastern slope of the Andes. In 2009, Bolivia negotiated with Japanese, French and Korean firms to begin extraction. According to USGS, Bolivia's Uyuni Desert has 5.4 million tonnes of lithium. A newly discovered deposit in Wyoming's Rock Springs Uplift is estimated at 228,000 tons. Additional deposits in the same formation were extrapolated to be as much as 18 million tons. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195396423339844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Opinions differ about potential growth. A 2008 study concluded that \"realistically achievable lithium carbonate production will be sufficient for only a small fraction of future PHEV and EV global market requirements\", that \"demand from the portable electronics sector will absorb much of the planned production increases in the next decade\", and that \"mass production of lithium carbonate is not environmentally sound, it will cause irreparable ecological damage to ecosystems that should be protected and that LiIon propulsion is incompatible with the notion of the 'Green Car'\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.239151000976562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "However, according to a 2011 study conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley, the currently estimated reserve base of lithium should not be a limiting factor for large-scale battery production for electric vehicles because an estimated 1 billion 40 kWh Li-based batteries could be built with current reserves - about 10 kg of lithium per car. Another 2011 study by researchers from the University of Michigan and Ford Motor Company found sufficient resources to support global demand until 2100, including the lithium required for the potential widespread transportation use. The study estimated global reserves at 39 million tons, and total demand for lithium during the 90-year period analyzed at 12–20 million tons, depending on the scenarios regarding economic growth and recycling rates. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.339998245239258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "On June 9, 2014, the Financialist stated that demand for lithium was growing at more than 12 percent a year; according to Credit Suisse, this rate exceeds projected availability by 25 percent. The publication compared the 2014 lithium situation with oil, whereby \"higher oil prices spurred investment in expensive deepwater and oil sands production techniques\"; that is, the price of lithium will continue to rise until more expensive production methods that can boost total output receive the attention of investors. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335872650146484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "After the 2007 financial crisis, major suppliers such as Sociedad Química y Minera (SQM) dropped lithium carbonate pricing by 20%. Prices rose in 2012. A 2012 Business Week article outlined the oligopoly in the lithium space: \"SQM, controlled by billionaire Julio Ponce, is the second-largest, followed by Rockwood, which is backed by Henry Kravis’s KKR & Co., and Philadelphia-based FMC\". Global consumption may jump to 300,000 metric tons a year by 2020 from about 150,000 tons in 2012, to match demand for lithium batteries that has been growing at about 25 percent a year, outpacing the 4 percent to 5 percent overall gain in lithium. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255899429321289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "As of 2015 most of the world's lithium production is in South America, where lithium-containing brine is extracted from underground pools and concentrated by solar evaporation. The standard extraction technique is to evaporate water from brine. Each batch takes from 18 to 24 months. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36609172821045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Late in the 20th century, lithium became an important component of battery electrolytes and electrodes, because of its high electrode potential. Because of its low atomic mass, it has a high charge- and power-to-weight ratio. A typical lithium-ion battery can generate approximately 3 volts per cell, compared with 2.1 volts for lead-acid or 1.5 volts for zinc-carbon cells. Lithium-ion batteries, which are rechargeable and have a high energy density, should not be confused with lithium batteries, which are disposable (primary) batteries with lithium or its compounds as the anode. Other rechargeable batteries that use lithium include the lithium-ion polymer battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, and the nanowire battery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.23353385925293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The third most common use of lithium is in greases. Lithium hydroxide is a strong base and, when heated with a fat, produces a soap made of lithium stearate. Lithium soap has the ability to thicken oils, and it is used to manufacture all-purpose, high-temperature lubricating greases. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.999199867248535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium (e.g. as lithium carbonate) is used as an additive to continuous casting mould flux slags where it increases fluidity, a use which accounts for 5% of global lithium use (2011). Lithium compounds are also used as additives (fluxes) to foundry sand for iron casting to reduce veining. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.491058349609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium (as lithium fluoride) is used as an additive to aluminium smelters (Hall–Héroult process), reducing melting temperature and increasing electrical resistance, a use which accounts for 3% of production (2011).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.286386489868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "When used as a flux for welding or soldering, metallic lithium promotes the fusing of metals during the process and eliminates the forming of oxides by absorbing impurities. Alloys of the metal with aluminium, cadmium, copper and manganese are used to make high-performance aircraft parts (see also Lithium-aluminium alloys). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.703312873840332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium has been found effective in assisting the perfection of silicon nano-welds in electronic components for electric batteries and other devices. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280352592468262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium compounds are used as pyrotechnic colorants and oxidizers in red fireworks and flares. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.659425735473633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium chloride and lithium bromide are hygroscopic and are used as desiccants for gas streams. Lithium hydroxide and lithium peroxide are the salts most used in confined areas, such as aboard spacecraft and submarines, for carbon dioxide removal and air purification. Lithium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air by forming lithium carbonate, and is preferred over other alkaline hydroxides for its low weight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.592131614685059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium peroxide (Li2O2) in presence of moisture not only reacts with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate, but also releases oxygen. The reaction is as follows:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.079246520996094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Some of the aforementioned compounds, as well as lithium perchlorate, are used in oxygen candles that supply submarines with oxygen. These can also include small amounts of boron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, titanium, manganese, and iron. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.368212699890137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium fluoride, artificially grown as crystal, is clear and transparent and often used in specialist optics for IR, UV and VUV (vacuum UV) applications. It has one of the lowest refractive indexes and the farthest transmission range in the deep UV of most common materials. Finely divided lithium fluoride powder has been used for thermoluminescent radiation dosimetry (TLD): when a sample of such is exposed to radiation, it accumulates crystal defects which, when heated, resolve via a release of bluish light whose intensity is proportional to the absorbed dose, thus allowing this to be quantified. Lithium fluoride is sometimes used in focal lenses of telescopes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.283585548400879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The high non-linearity of lithium niobate also makes it useful in non-linear optics applications. It is used extensively in telecommunication products such as mobile phones and optical modulators, for such components as resonant crystals. Lithium applications are used in more than 60% of mobile phones. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.601512908935547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Organolithium compounds are widely used in the production of polymer and fine-chemicals. In the polymer industry, which is the dominant consumer of these reagents, alkyl lithium compounds are catalysts/initiators. in anionic polymerization of unfunctionalized olefins. For the production of fine chemicals, organolithium compounds function as strong bases and as reagents for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Organolithium compounds are prepared from lithium metal and alkyl halides. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.173223495483398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Many other lithium compounds are used as reagents to prepare organic compounds. Some popular compounds include lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4), lithium triethylborohydride, n-Butyllithium and tert-butyllithium are commonly used as extremely strong bases called superbase.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.185027122497559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "The Mark 50 torpedo stored chemical energy propulsion system (SCEPS) uses a small tank of sulfur hexafluoride gas, which is sprayed over a block of solid lithium. The reaction generates heat, creating steam to propel the torpedo in a closed Rankine cycle. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.007035255432129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium hydride containing lithium-6 is used in thermonuclear weapons, where it encases the core of the bomb. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.66015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium-6 is valued as a source material for tritium production and as a neutron absorber in nuclear fusion. Natural lithium contains about 7.5% lithium-6 from which large amounts of lithium-6 have been produced by isotope separation for use in nuclear weapons. Lithium-7 gained interest for use in nuclear reactor coolants. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.342964172363281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium deuteride was the fusion fuel of choice in early versions of the hydrogen bomb. When bombarded by neutrons, both 6Li and 7Li produce tritium — this reaction, which was not fully understood when hydrogen bombs were first tested, was responsible for the runaway yield of the Castle Bravo nuclear test. Tritium fuses with deuterium in a fusion reaction that is relatively easy to achieve. Although details remain secret, lithium-6 deuteride apparently still plays a role in modern nuclear weapons as a fusion material. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.556366920471191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "In 2013, the US Government Accountability Office said a shortage of lithium-7 critical to the operation of 65 out of 100 American nuclear reactors “places their ability to continue to provide electricity at some risk”. The problem stems from the decline of US nuclear infrastructure. The equipment needed to separate lithium-6 from lithium-7 is mostly a cold war leftover. The US shut down most of this machinery in 1963, when it had a huge surplus of separated lithium, mostly consumed during the twentieth century. The report said it would take five years and $10 million to $12 million to reestablish the ability to separate lithium-6 from lithium-7.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094719886779785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Reactors that use lithium-7 heat water under high pressure and transfer heat through heat exchangers that are prone to corrosion. The reactors use lithium to counteract the corrosive effects of boric acid, which is added to the water to absorb excess neutrons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20258903503418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium is useful in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Lithium salts may also be helpful for related diagnoses, such as schizoaffective disorder and cyclic major depression. The active part of these salts is the lithium ion Li+. They may increase the risk of developing Ebstein's cardiac anomaly in infants born to women who take lithium during the first trimester of pregnancy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.365760803222656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium has also been researched as a possible treatment for cluster headaches. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494671821594238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling to avoid skin contact. Breathing lithium dust or lithium compounds (which are often alkaline) initially irritate the nose and throat, while higher exposure can cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs, leading to pulmonary edema. The metal itself is a handling hazard because contact with moisture produces the caustic lithium hydroxide. Lithium is safely stored in non-reactive compounds such as naphtha. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143627166748047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Some jurisdictions limit the sale of lithium batteries, which are the most readily available source of lithium for ordinary consumers. Lithium can be used to reduce pseudoephedrine and ephedrine to methamphetamine in the Birch reduction method, which employs solutions of alkali metals dissolved in anhydrous ammonia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.80074691772461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" }, { "answer": "Lithium", "passage": "Carriage and shipment of some kinds of lithium batteries may be prohibited aboard certain types of transportation (particularly aircraft) because of the ability of most types of lithium batteries to fully discharge very rapidly when short-circuited, leading to overheating and possible explosion in a process called thermal runaway. Most consumer lithium batteries have built-in thermal overload protection to prevent this type of incident, or are otherwise designed to limit short-circuit currents. Internal shorts from manufacturing defect or physical damage can lead to spontaneous thermal runaway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25626277923584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lithium" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Popeye Cigarettes", "Popeye the Sailor Man", "Popeye the Sailorman", "Popeye (2016 film)", "Popeye (2015 film)", "The Thimble Theatre", "Popeye The Sailor", "Popeye (upcoming film)", "Popeye (2014 film)", "Thimble Theater", "Thimble Theatre", "Popeye the Sailor", "Popeye the sailor man", "Pop Eye", "The Popeye and Olive Oyl Show", "Jack Mercer (sailor)", "Popeye" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "popeye and olive oyl show", "thimble theatre", "popeye 2014 film", "popeye", "pop eye", "thimble theater", "popeye sailorman", "popeye sailor", "jack mercer sailor", "popeye sailor man", "popeye cigarettes", "popeye upcoming film", "popeye 2015 film", "popeye 2016 film" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "popeye", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Popeye" }

[ { "answer": "Popeye", "passage": "I Yam What I Yam is a Popeye theatrical cartoon short, starring William \"Billy\" Costello as Popeye, Bonnie Poe as Olive Oyl and Charles Lawrence as Wimpy. It was released in 1933 and was the second cartoon in the Popeye the Sailor series of theatrical cartoons released by Paramount Pictures, lasting through 1957.", "precise_score": 3.439399480819702, "rough_score": 4.785894393920898, "source": "wiki", "title": "I Yam What I Yam" }, { "answer": "Popeye", "passage": "The cartoon opens with Popeye, Olive Oyl and Wimpy riding on a small rowboat through a heavy rainstorm in the ocean. Popeye is standing up against the torrent of rain singing his theme song, while Olive is rowing the boat and Wimpy is sitting in the back, plucking fish out of the water and eating them whole. Popeye gets struck by lightning several times, and grabs the last thunderbolt and punches it into the water, where it sinks and screams for help. The nearby thunderclouds are frightened by this action and flee, changing the weather to a sunny, clear sky. The boat abruptly sprouts a few holes and sinks, and the trio land on a nearby island inhabited by unfriendly Native Americans. Popeye punches an outcropping of nearby trees to instantaneously build a log cabin, complete with indoor furniture, windows and a stone chimney with fire. Olive heads indoors, and Wimpy tells Popeye to fetch ducks for dinner before resting inside. While out, Popeye is intimidated by a tribal member who repeatedly tells him hello before punching Popeye, provoking Popeye into punching back at the tribal member. Another tribal member sneaks up from behind and whacks him with a club, shattering it to pieces and only annoying Popeye, who gives the Indian a \"twister punch.\" At the duck pond, Popeye finds more Native Americans shooting arrows at the ducks, missing them repeatedly. Popeye bends the remaining three arrows, goes toward the pond, and goes in it while the ducks go under the water. When Popeye walks out, he is seen with the ducks, quacking. To get the ducks, the Native Americans grab the arrows, which are bent, and shoot them. However, the arrows act like boomerangs, and hit the tribal members instead. Meanwhile, back at the cabin, Native Americans are closing in on the cabin. Olive Oyl blocks them by stretching her legs over the doors, while the tribal members try to invade. Olive screams for help. When Native Americans try to come out of the floorboards, Wimpy is sitting on a chair on the floorboards. The resulting gag depicts when the Indians stretch, Wimpy pours more food into his bowl. When the tribal members finally make it in, Wimpy is thrown out. To get even, Wimpy pulls back a cactus, releasing its thorns. However, Wimpy is met with arrows striking the cactus. Wimpy screams in fear, and runs to Popeye for help. While Popeye walks back to the log cabin, the ducks are seen following Popeye, attracted to the smoke from Popeye's corncob pipe. Wimpy tells Popeye the situation, and after seeing the ducks, he pulls out a fork and knife, sighing in pleasure. When the ducks see the fork and knife, they flee, with Wimpy chasing them from behind. Meanwhile, Olive Oyl is successfully fighting off dozens of the Indians piling into the cabin, still screaming for Popeye's help. Popeye arrives at the cabin, dodging a barrage of arrows and fighting off dozens of Indians, even grabbing an entire group of them and delivering a punch that transforms them into a pile of Indian Nickels. With the bulk of the Indians defeated, one last batch of them is left to deal with, who shoot Popeye full of arrows, which he is completely unharmed by. Popeye promptly pulls out a can spinach, eating both the vegetable and the can itself. He punches the row of remaining Native Americans, causing a domino effect. The final gag shows Popeye punching out the giant tribal chief, causing him to lose his outfit and become another type of Indian, Mahatma Gandhi. The cartoon ends with Popeye singing \"I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.652264595031738, "source": "wiki", "title": "I Yam What I Yam" }, { "answer": "Popeye", "passage": "I Yam What I Yam is the second Popeye cartoon; the first entry, Popeye the Sailor, was released as a Betty Boop cartoon. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.2650227546691895, "source": "wiki", "title": "I Yam What I Yam" }, { "answer": "Popeye", "passage": "This cartoon is available on DVD in the four-disc set Popeye the Sailor: 1933-1938, Volume 1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.936408996582031, "source": "wiki", "title": "I Yam What I Yam" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Bradley Cooper", "passage": "Principal photography of The Hangover Part II began in October 2010, with Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Justin Bartha, Zach Galifianakis and Ken Jeong returning. The film was released on May 26, 2011. ", "precise_score": -2.25923490524292, "rough_score": -0.7175553441047668, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hangover" }, { "answer": "Bradley Cooper", "passage": "The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Todd Phillips, co-produced with Daniel Goldberg and written by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore. The film stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Heather Graham, Justin Bartha, and Jeffrey Tambor. It tells the story of Phil Wenneck (Cooper), Stu Price (Helms), Alan Garner (Galifianakis) and Doug Billings (Bartha), who travel to Las Vegas for a bachelor party to celebrate Doug's impending marriage. However, Phil, Stu, and Alan wake up with Doug missing and no memory of the previous night's events, and must find the groom before the wedding can take place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9993367195129395, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hangover" }, { "answer": "Bradley Cooper", "passage": "* Bradley Cooper as Phil Wenneck, a teacher and the leader of the Wolfpack.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.329985618591309, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hangover" }, { "answer": "Bradley Cooper", "passage": "Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, and Bradley Cooper were all casual acquaintances before The Hangover was filmed, which Helms said he believed helped in establishing a rapport and chemistry amongst their characters. Helms credited Phillips for \"bringing together three guys who are really different, but really appreciate each others' humor and sensibilities.\" Helms also said the fact that the story of the three characters growing closer and bonding informed the friendship between the three actors: \"As you spend 14 hours a day together for three months, you see a lot of sides of somebody. We went through the wringer together, and that shared experience really made us genuine buddies.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.128305435180664, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Hangover" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Rockies", "passage": "Laurentia is an ancient craton which forms the geologic core of North America; it formed between 1.5 and 1.0 billion years ago during the Proterozoic eon. The Canadian Shield is the largest exposure of this craton. From the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic eras, North America was joined with the other modern-day continents as part of the supercontinent Pangaea, with Eurasia to its east. One of the results of the formation of Pangaea was the Appalachian Mountains, which formed some 480 million years ago, making it among the oldest mountain ranges in the world. When Pangaea began to rift around 200 million years ago, North America became part of Laurasia, before it separated from Eurasia as its own continent during the mid-Cretaceous period. The Rockies and other western mountain ranges began forming around this time from a period of mountain building called the Laramide orogeny, between 80 and 55 million years ago. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama that connected the continent to South America arguably occurred approximately 12 to 15 million years ago, and the Great Lakes (as well as many other northern freshwater lakes and rivers) were carved by receding glaciers about 10,000 years ago.", "precise_score": -1.4762773513793945, "rough_score": -3.026087999343872, "source": "wiki", "title": "North America" }, { "answer": "Rocky mountains", "passage": "The continent can be divided into four great regions (each of which contains many subregions): the Great Plains stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian Arctic; the geologically young, mountainous west, including the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, California and Alaska; the raised but relatively flat plateau of the Canadian Shield in the northeast; and the varied eastern region, which includes the Appalachian Mountains, the coastal plain along the Atlantic seaboard, and the Florida peninsula. Mexico, with its long plateaus and cordilleras, falls largely in the western region, although the eastern coastal plain does extend south along the Gulf.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.00544261932373, "source": "wiki", "title": "North America" }, { "answer": "Rockies", "passage": "The western mountains are split in the middle into the main range of the Rockies and the coast ranges in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, with the Great Basin—a lower area containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts—in between. The highest peak is Denali in Alaska.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.37073040008545, "source": "wiki", "title": "North America" }, { "answer": "Rocky mountains", "passage": "Greenland, along with the Canadian shield, is tundra with average temperatures ranging from between 10 to, but central Greenland is composed of a very large ice sheet. This tundra radiates throughout Canada, but its border ends near the Rocky Mountains (but still contains Alaska) and at the end of the Canadian Shield, near the Great Lakes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89418888092041, "source": "wiki", "title": "North America" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "He and Sinatra teamed up for several more movies, the crime caper Ocean's 11, the musical Robin and the 7 Hoods and the western comedies Sergeants 3 and 4 for Texas, some featuring their so-called Rat Pack pals Sammy Davis, Jr., Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop, as well as a romantic comedy, Marriage on the Rocks. Martin also co-starred with Shirley MacLaine in a number of films, including Some Came Running, Artists and Models, Career, All in a Night's Work and What a Way to Go! He played a satiric variation of his own womanizing persona as Las Vegas singer \"Dino\" in Billy Wilder's comedy Kiss Me, Stupid (1964) with Kim Novak, and he poked fun at his image in films such as the Matt Helm spy spoofs of the 1960s, in which he was a co-producer. In the third Matt Helm film The Ambushers (1967), Helm, about to be executed, receives a last cigarette and tells the provider, \"I'll remember you from the great beyond,\" continuing sotto voce, \"somewhere around Steubenville, I hope.\"", "precise_score": 3.8064792156219482, "rough_score": 6.228464126586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "As Martin's solo career grew, he and Frank Sinatra became friends. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Martin and Sinatra, along with friends Joey Bishop, Peter Lawford, and Sammy Davis, Jr. formed the Rat Pack, so-called after an earlier group of social friends, the Holmby Hills Rat Pack centered on Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, of which Sinatra had been a member (The Martin-Sinatra-Davis-Lawford-Bishop group referred to themselves as \"The Summit\" or \"The Clan\" and never as \"The Rat Pack\", although this has remained their identity in popular imagination). The men made films together, formed part of the Hollywood social scene, and were politically influential (through Lawford's marriage to Patricia Kennedy, sister of President John F. Kennedy).", "precise_score": 4.150389671325684, "rough_score": 6.790009021759033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "In 1959, Davis became a member of the famous Rat Pack, led by his friend Frank Sinatra, which included fellow performers Dean Martin, Joey Bishop, and Peter Lawford, a brother-in-law of John F. Kennedy. Initially, Sinatra called the gathering \"the Clan\", but Davis voiced his opposition, saying that it reminded people of the Ku Klux Klan. Sinatra renamed the group \"the Summit\", but the media referred to them as the Rat Pack, the name of its earlier incarnation led by Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. The group made several movies together, including the original version of Ocean's 11 (1960), Sergeants 3 (1962), and Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964), as well as many joint stage appearances in Las Vegas and elsewhere.", "precise_score": 3.9682586193084717, "rough_score": 6.0048627853393555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Lawford's first film after Metro released him and several other players from their contracts was the comedy It Should Happen to You, where he starred alongside Judy Holliday and Jack Lemmon. In 1959, Frank Sinatra invited the Englishman to join the \"Rat Pack\" and also got him a role in Never So Few. The casino caper Ocean's 11 (1960) was a project Lawford first brought to Sinatra's attention. It became the first film to feature all five main \"Rat Pack\" members: Lawford, Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., and Joey Bishop.", "precise_score": 3.3122811317443848, "rough_score": 3.513286828994751, "source": "wiki", "title": "Peter Lawford" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Joseph Abraham Gottlieb (February 3, 1918 – October 17, 2007), known professionally as Joey Bishop, was an American entertainer who appeared on television as early as 1948 and eventually starred in his own weekly comedy series playing a talk show host, then later hosted a late night talk show. He later became a member of the \"Rat Pack\" with Frank Sinatra, Peter Lawford, Sammy Davis, Jr., and Dean Martin.", "precise_score": 5.370615005493164, "rough_score": 7.483128070831299, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joey Bishop" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Bishop was among the stars of the original Ocean's 11 film about military veterans who reunite in a plot to rob five Las Vegas casinos on New Year's Eve. He co-starred with Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr. and Peter Lawford of the so-called Rat Pack, although the five of them did not publicly acknowledge that name. During filming, the five entertainers performed together on stage in Vegas at the Sands Hotel. Bishop did only a little singing and dancing, but he told jokes and wrote most of the act's material. He later appeared with Sinatra, Martin, Davis and Lawford in the military adventure Sergeants 3, a loose remake of Gunga Din, and with Martin in the western comedy Texas Across the River, in which he portrayed an Indian.", "precise_score": 4.617010116577148, "rough_score": 6.9569196701049805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joey Bishop" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "The Rat Pack was a group of actors originally centered on their leader, Humphrey Bogart, until his death in 1957. By the 1960s, it was the name used by the press and the general public to refer to a later variation of the group that called itself \"the Summit\" or \"the Clan,\" featuring Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr., Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop; they appeared together on stage and in films in the early 1960s, including the movies Ocean's 11, Sergeants 3, and Robin and the 7 Hoods (in the last film, Bing Crosby replaced Lawford). Sinatra, Martin, and Davis were regarded as the group's lead members. ", "precise_score": 4.659426212310791, "rough_score": 4.790884971618652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "The 1960s version of the group included Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr., Peter Lawford, and Joey Bishop. Marilyn Monroe, Angie Dickinson, Juliet Prowse, Buddy Greco, and Shirley MacLaine were often referred to as the \"Rat Pack Mascots\". Comedian Corbett Monica also worked as the frequent opening act for Frank Sinatra - later including Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Jr. - and played Larry Corbett, manager and friend, to Joey Bishop’s character on “The Joey Bishop show” from 1963-1965. ", "precise_score": 5.395368576049805, "rough_score": 7.780081748962402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Ocean's 11 (1960) (Sinatra, Martin, Davis, Lawford, Dickinson, Joey Bishop and cameo-Shirley MacLaine)", "precise_score": 2.341749668121338, "rough_score": 4.234259605407715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Pepe (1960) (Sinatra, Martin, Davis, Lawford, and Bishop – all cameos)", "precise_score": 0.9624536037445068, "rough_score": -1.4058005809783936, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Sergeants 3 (1962) (Sinatra, Martin, Davis, Lawford, and Bishop)", "precise_score": 0.5976674556732178, "rough_score": -0.07239406555891037, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "In October 1941 Martin married Elizabeth (\"Betty\") Anne McDonald, they had four children, and the marriage ended in 1949. Martin worked for various bands throughout the early 1940s, mostly on looks and personality until he developed his own singing style. Martin flopped at the Riobamba, a nightclub in New York, when he followed Frank Sinatra in 1943, but it was the setting for their meeting. Martin was drafted into the United States Army in 1944 during World War II, serving a year in Akron, Ohio. He was reclassified as 4-F and discharged (possibly because of a double hernia, Jerry Lewis referred to the surgery Martin needed for this in his autobiography). By 1946, Martin was doing well, but he was little more than an East Coast nightclub singer with a common style, similar to that of Bing Crosby.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.645191192626953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Martin wanted to become a real actor, known for more than slapstick comedy films. Though offered a fraction of his former salary to co-star in a war drama, The Young Lions (1958), his part would be with Marlon Brando and Montgomery Clift. Tony Randall already had the part, but talent agency MCA realized that with this film, Martin would become a triple threat: they could make money from his work in night clubs, films and records. Martin replaced Randall and the film turned out to be the beginning of Martin's comeback. Martin starred alongside Frank Sinatra for the first time in an acclaimed Vincente Minnelli drama, Some Came Running (1958). By the mid-1960s, Martin was a movie, recording, television and nightclub star, while Lewis' film career declined. Martin was acclaimed as Dude in Rio Bravo (1959), directed by Howard Hawks and also starring John Wayne and singer Ricky Nelson. He would team again with Wayne in The Sons of Katie Elder (1965), cast as brothers. In 1960, Martin was cast in the film version of the Judy Holliday stage musical comedy Bells Are Ringing. He won a Golden Globe nomination for his performance in the 1960 film comedy Who Was That Lady? but continued to seek dramatic roles, portraying a Southern politician in 1961's Ada and starring in 1963's screen adaptation of an intense stage drama, Toys in the Attic, opposite Geraldine Page. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.852725982666016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "As a singer, Martin copied the styles of Harry Mills (of the Mills Brothers), Bing Crosby, and Perry Como until he developed his own and could hold his own in duets with Sinatra and Crosby. Like Sinatra, he could not read music, but he recorded more than 100 albums and 600 songs. His signature tune, \"Everybody Loves Somebody\", knocked the Beatles' \"A Hard Day's Night\" off number one in the United States in 1964. This was followed by \"The Door is Still Open to My Heart\", which reached number six that year. Elvis Presley was said to have been influenced by Martin, and patterned \"Love Me Tender\" after his style. Martin, like Elvis, was influenced by country music. By 1965, some of Martin's albums, such as Dean \"Tex\" Martin, The Hit Sound of Dean Martin, Welcome to My World and Gentle On My Mind, were composed of country and western songs by artists such as Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard and Buck Owens. Martin hosted country performers on his TV show and was named \"Man Of the Year\" by the Country Music Association in 1966. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.791484832763672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "The Rat Pack was legendary for its Las Vegas Strip performances. For example, the marquee at the Sands Hotel might read DEAN MARTIN—MAYBE FRANK—MAYBE SAMMY. Their appearances were valuable because the city would flood with wealthy gamblers. Their act (always in tuxedo) consisted of each singing individual numbers, duets and trios, along with seemingly improvised slapstick and chatter. In the socially charged 1960s, their jokes revolved around adult themes, such as Sinatra's womanizing and Martin's drinking, as well as Davis's race and religion. Sinatra and Martin supported the civil rights movement and refused to perform in clubs that would not allow African-American or Jewish performers. Posthumously, the Rat Pack has experienced a popular revival, inspiring the George Clooney/Brad Pitt \"Ocean's\" trilogy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.918266773223877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Now comfortable financially, Martin began reducing his schedule. The final (1973–74) season of his variety show would be retooled into one of celebrity roasts, requiring less involvement. After the show's cancellation, NBC continued to air The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast format in a series of TV specials through 1984. In those 11 years, Martin and his panel of pals made fun of stars in this order: Ronald Reagan, Hugh Hefner, Ed McMahon, William Conrad, Kirk Douglas, Bette Davis, Barry Goldwater, Johnny Carson, Wilt Chamberlain, Hubert Humphrey, Carroll O'Connor, Monty Hall, Jack Klugman & Tony Randall, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Leo Durocher, Truman Capote, Don Rickles, Ralph Nader, Jack Benny, Redd Foxx, Bobby Riggs, George Washington, Dan Rowan & Dick Martin, Hank Aaron, Joe Namath, Bob Hope, Telly Savalas, Lucille Ball, Jackie Gleason, Sammy Davis, Jr., Michael Landon, Evel Knievel, Valerie Harper, Muhammad Ali, Dean Martin himself, Dennis Weaver, Joe Garagiola, Danny Thomas, Angie Dickinson, Gabe Kaplan, Ted Knight, Peter Marshall, Dan Haggerty, Frank Sinatra, Jack Klugman, Jimmy Stewart, George Burns, Betty White, Suzanne Somers, Joan Collins, Kent McCord, Martin Milner, and Mr. T.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3289854526519775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Eventually, Martin reconciled with Jeanne, though they never remarried. He also made a public reconciliation with Lewis on the Labor Day Muscular Dystrophy Association telethon in 1976. Frank Sinatra shocked Lewis by bringing Martin out on stage. As Martin and Lewis embraced, the audience cheered and the phones lit up, resulting in one of the telethon's most profitable years. Lewis reported the event was one of the three most memorable of his life. Lewis quipped, \"So, you working?\" Martin, playing drunk, replied that he was \"at the Meggum\" (meaning the MGM Grand). This, with the death of Martin's son Dean Paul Martin more than a decade later, helped bring the two men together. They maintained a quiet friendship, but only performed again once, in 1989, on Martin's 72nd birthday.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.962133407592773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Martin returned to films briefly with appearances in the two star-laden, critically panned but commercially successful Cannonball Run movies. He also had a minor hit single with \"Since I Met You Baby\" and made his first music video, which appeared on MTV. The video was created by Martin's youngest son, Ricci. On March 21, 1987, Martin's son, actor Dean Paul Martin (formerly Dino of the 1960s \"teeny-bopper\" rock group Dino, Desi & Billy), died when his F-4 Phantom II jet fighter crashed while flying with the California Air National Guard. Later, a tour with Davis and Sinatra in 1988 sputtered. Martin, who responded best to a club audience, felt lost in the huge stadiums they were performing in at Sinatra's insistence, and he was not interested in drinking until dawn after performances. His final Vegas shows were at Bally's Hotel in 1990. There he had his final reunion with Jerry Lewis on his 72nd birthday. Martin's last two TV appearances involved tributes to his former Rat Pack members. On December 8, 1989, he joined stars in Sammy Davis Jr's 60th anniversary celebration, which aired a few weeks before Davis died from throat cancer. In December 1990, he congratulated Frank Sinatra on his 75th birthday special.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9848055839538574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "A number of Martin songs have been featured across popular culture for decades. Hits such as \"Ain't That a Kick in the Head\", \"Sway\", \"You're Nobody Till Somebody Loves You\", \"That's Amore\", and Martin's signature song \"Everybody Loves Somebody\" have been in films (such as the Oscar-winning Logorama, A Bronx Tale, Casino, Goodfellas, Payback, Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, Sexy Beast, Moonstruck, Vegas Vacation, Swingers and Return to Me), television series (such as American Dad!, Friends, The Sopranos, and House MD), video games (such as The Godfather: The Game, The Godfather II, Fallout: New Vegas and Mafia II), and fashion shows (such as the 2008 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show). Danny Gans portrayed Martin in the 1992 CBS miniseries Sinatra. Martin was portrayed by Joe Mantegna in the 1998 HBO movie about Sinatra and Martin titled The Rat Pack. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.27999210357666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "After reuniting with Sinatra and Dean Martin in 1987, Davis toured with them and Liza Minnelli internationally, before he died of throat cancer in 1990. He died in debt to the Internal Revenue Service, and his estate was the subject of legal battles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.519455909729004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "On December 11, 1967, NBC broadcast a musical-variety special titled Movin' with Nancy. In addition to the Emmy Award-winning musical performances, the show is notable for Nancy Sinatra, daughter of Frank Sinatra, and Sammy Davis Jr. greeting each other with a kiss, one of the first black-white kisses in U.S. television history. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.675477027893066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "In Japan, Davis appeared in television commercials for coffee, and in the United States, he joined Sinatra and Martin in a radio commercial for a Chicago car dealership.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.097982406616211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Davis was an avid photographer who enjoyed shooting pictures of family and acquaintances. His body of work was detailed in a 2007 book by Burt Boyar, named Photo by Sammy Davis, Jr. \"Jerry [Lewis] gave me my first important camera, my first 35 millimeter, during the Ciro's period, early '50s,\" Boyar quotes Davis. \"And he hooked me.\" Davis used a medium format camera later on to capture images. Again quoting Davis, \"Nobody interrupts a man taking a picture to ask ... 'What's that nigger doin' here?'\" His catalog includes rare photos of his father dancing onstage as part of the Will Mastin Trio and intimate snapshots of close friends Jerry Lewis, Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, James Dean, Nat \"King\" Cole, and Marilyn Monroe. His political affiliations also were represented, in his images of Robert Kennedy, Jackie Kennedy, and Martin Luther King Jr. His most revealing work comes in photographs of wife May Britt and their three children, Tracey, Jeff and Mark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.310881614685059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "David Raynr portrayed Davis in the miniseries Sinatra, a television film about the life of Frank Sinatra.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.487654685974121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "With actors such as Clark Gable and James Stewart away at war, Lawford was recognised as the romantic lead on the MGM lot. Lawford's busiest year as an actor was 1946, when two of his films opened within days of each other: Cluny Brown and Two Sisters From Boston. He also made his first comedy that same year: My Brother Talks To Horses (released in 1947). He appeared with Frank Sinatra for the first time in the musical It Happened in Brooklyn (1947). Lawford received rave reviews for his work in the film, while Sinatra's were lukewarm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.756459712982178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Peter Lawford" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "Lawford became an American citizen on 23 April 1960. He had prepared for this in time to vote for his brother-in-law in the upcoming presidential election. Lawford, along with other members of the \"Rat Pack\", helped campaign for Kennedy and the Democratic Party. Sinatra famously dubbed him \"Brother-in-Lawford\" at this time. Lawford and Patricia Kennedy divorced in February 1966. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.202962875366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Peter Lawford" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "Lawford was originally cast as Alan A. Dale in the film Robin and the 7 Hoods, but was replaced with Bing Crosby following a break in Sinatra's relationship with Lawford. The break stemmed from a scheduled visit to Sinatra's home by Lawford's brother-in-law, President Kennedy, during a 1963 West Coast trip. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, who was long concerned about Sinatra's rumored ties with underworld figures, encouraged the President to change his plans and stay at Crosby's home, which (it was maintained) could provide better security for the President. The change came at the last minute, after Sinatra had made extensive arrangements for the promised and eagerly awaited presidential visit, including the construction of a helipad. Sinatra was furious, believing that Lawford had failed to intercede with the Kennedys on his behalf, and ostracized him from the Rat Pack. Sinatra and Lawford never spoke again, except when Sinatra called Lawford after his son Frank Sinatra Jr was kidnapped on December 8, 1963, and he needed the help of Lawfords brother in law Robert Kennedy, then Attorney General. Sinatra never endorsed another Democratic candidate. Ironically, Crosby, a staunch Republican, ended up cast in Lawford's role. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.084814071655273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Peter Lawford" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "*The Frank Sinatra Timex Show: Welcome Home Elvis (May 12, 1960)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289265632629395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joey Bishop" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "According to Stephen Bogart, the original members of the Holmby Hills Rat Pack were: Frank Sinatra (pack master), Judy Garland (first vice-president), Bacall (den mother), Sid Luft (cage master), Bogart (rat in charge of public relations), Swifty Lazar (recording secretary and treasurer), Nathaniel Benchley (historian), David Niven, Katharine Hepburn, Spencer Tracy, George Cukor, Cary Grant, Rex Harrison, and Jimmy Van Heusen. In his autobiography The Moon's a Balloon, David Niven confirms that the Rat Pack originally included him but neither Sammy Davis, Jr. nor Dean Martin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.62399959564209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "Peter Lawford was a brother-in-law of President John F. Kennedy (dubbed \"Brother-in-Lawford\" by Sinatra), and Kennedy spent time with Sinatra and the others when he visited Las Vegas, during which members sometimes referred to the group as \"the Jack Pack\". Rat Pack members played a role in campaigning for Kennedy and the Democrats, appearing at the July 11, 1960 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles. Lawford had asked Sinatra if he would have Kennedy as a guest at his Palm Springs house in March 1962, and Sinatra went to great lengths (including the construction of a helipad) to accommodate the President. When Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy advised his brother to sever his ties to Sinatra because of the entertainer's association with Mafia figures such as Sam Giancana, the stay was cancelled. Kennedy instead chose to stay at rival Bing Crosby's estate, which further infuriated Sinatra. Lawford was blamed for this, and Sinatra \"never again had a good word for (him)\" from that point onwards. Lawford's role in the upcoming 4 for Texas was written out, and his part in Robin and the 7 Hoods was given to Bing Crosby.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.258596897125244, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "On June 20, 1965, Sinatra, Martin, and Davis, with Johnny Carson as the emcee (substituting for Bishop, who was out with a bad back), performed their only televised concert together during the heyday of the Pack at the Kiel Opera House in St. Louis, a closed-circuit broadcast done as a fundraiser for Dismas House (the first halfway house for ex-convicts) and fed live to movie theatres across the country. Thirty years later Paul Brownstein tracked down a print of the \"lost\" show in a St. Louis closet after someone noticed mysterious cameras onstage during a CBS documentary on Sinatra which filmed part of the show. It has since been broadcast on Nick at Night (in 1998) as part of The Museum of Television & Radio Showcase series and released on DVD as part of the Ultimate Rat Pack Collection: Live & Swingin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.126567363739014, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "File:Frank Sinatra3, Pal Joey.JPG|Frank Sinatra (1957)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.130020141601562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "File:Dean Martin Frank Sinatra Dean Martin Show 1958.JPG|Martin and Sinatra (1958)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.115095138549805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "In 1981, Dean Martin and Sammy Davis, Jr., appeared together in the film Cannonball Run, and were joined by Sinatra in the sequel Cannonball Run II. This would be the last time that the three would appear in a movie together (Shirley MacLaine also appears in the latter film).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3161678314208984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "In December 1987, at Chasen's restaurant in Los Angeles, Sinatra, Davis, and Martin announced a 29-date tour, called Together Again, sponsored by HBO and American Express. At the press conference to announce the tour, Martin joked about calling the tour off, and Sinatra rebuked a reporter for using the term \"Rat Pack\", referring to it as \"that stupid phrase\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.1550874710083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "Dean Martin's son, Dean Paul Martin, had died in a plane crash in March 1987 on the San Gorgonio Mountain in California, the same mountain where Sinatra's mother, Dolly, had been killed in a plane crash ten years earlier. Martin had since become increasingly dependent on alcohol and prescription drugs. Davis had hip replacement surgery two years previously, and been estranged from Sinatra because of Davis' use of cocaine. Davis was also experiencing severe financial difficulties, and was promised by Sinatra's people that he could earn between six and eight million dollars from the tour. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.7545576095581055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "Martin had not made a film or recorded since 1984, and Sinatra felt that the tour would be good for Martin, telling Davis, \"I think it would be great for Dean. Get him out. For that alone it would be worth doing\". Sinatra and Davis still performed regularly, yet had not recorded for several years. Both Sinatra and Martin had made their last film appearances together in 1984's Cannonball Run II, a film which also starred Davis. This marked the trio's first feature film appearance since 1964's Robin and the 7 Hoods. Martin expressed reservations about the tour, wondering whether they could draw as many people as they had in the past. After private rehearsals, at one of which Sinatra and Davis had complained about the lack of black musicians in the orchestra, the tour began at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Arena on March 13, 1988.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.904139995574951, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "To a sold-out crowd of 14,500, Davis opened the show, followed by Martin and then Sinatra; after an interval, the three performed a medley of songs. During the show, Martin threw a lit cigarette at the audience. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.337949752807617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "Martin withdrew from the tour after just five shows, with the official reason stated as being a flare-up of a kidney problem. Sinatra and Davis continued the tour under the title \"The Ultimate Event\" with Liza Minnelli replacing Martin as the third member of the trio. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.219684600830078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "Davis's associate stated that Sinatra's people were skimming the top of the revenues from the concerts, as well as stuffing envelopes full of cash into suitcases after the performances. In August 1989, after Davis experienced throat pain, he was diagnosed with throat cancer which caused his death in May 1990. Davis was buried with a gold watch that Sinatra had given him at the conclusion of The Ultimate Event Tour. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.928664207458496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Frank Sinatra", "passage": "* It Happened in Brooklyn (1947) (Frank Sinatra and Peter Lawford)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3257975578308105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Meet Me in Las Vegas (1956) (Sinatra and Sammy Davis, Jr. – cameo appearances)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.744358062744141, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Some Came Running (1958) (Sinatra and Dean Martin)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.984085083007812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Never So Few (1959) (Sinatra, Lawford, and initially Davis, who was replaced by Steve McQueen)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.121636867523193, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* The Road to Hong Kong (1962) (Sinatra and Martin – cameos)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.480460166931152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Come Blow Your Horn (1963) (Sinatra; cameo by Martin)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.7977876663208, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* 4 for Texas (1963) (Sinatra and Martin)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.682879447937012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964) (Sinatra, Martin, Davis, and initially Lawford, who was replaced by Bing Crosby)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.29461145401001, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Marriage on the Rocks (1965) (Sinatra and Martin)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.609064102172852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* The Oscar (1966) (Sinatra uncredited, and Lawford)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.268211364746094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "* Cannonball Run II (1984) (Sinatra, Martin and Davis)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.871463775634766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "Archival footage of Lawford and Sinatra were used in the 1974 compilation film That's Entertainment!.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.74864673614502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" }, { "answer": "Sinatra", "passage": "Shirley MacLaine appeared in the 1958 film Some Came Running along with Sinatra and Martin. She had a major role (and Sinatra a cameo) in the 1956 Oscar-winning film Around the World in 80 Days. MacLaine played a Hindu princess who is rescued by, and falls in love with, original Rat Pack associate David Niven, and Sinatra had a non-speaking, non-singing role as a piano player in a saloon, whose identity is concealed from the viewer until he turns his face toward the camera during a scene featuring Marlene Dietrich and George Raft. MacLaine appeared alongside Sinatra in the 1960 film Can-Can. She also had an appearance in the 1960 film Ocean's 11 as a drunken woman. The 1984 film Cannonball Run II, with MacLaine, marked the final time members of the Rat Pack shared theatrical screen-time together.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.815496444702148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rat Pack" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Tom Howard (attorney)", "Jack Rubenstein", "Jack Ruby", "Jack Ruby and the Mafia", "Jack Leon Ruby", "Karen Bennett Carlin", "Jacob Leon Rubenstein", "Jacob Rubenstein", "Jack Leon Rubenstein" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "tom howard attorney", "jack rubenstein", "jack leon ruby", "jacob leon rubenstein", "karen bennett carlin", "jack leon rubenstein", "jack ruby and mafia", "jack ruby", "jacob rubenstein" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "jack ruby", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Jack Ruby" }

[ { "answer": "Jack Ruby", "passage": "* Brian Doyle-Murray as Jack Ruby, an American nightclub operator from Dallas, Texas. He was convicted on March 14, 1964 for Oswald's murder on November 24, 1963, two days after Oswald was arrested for Kennedy's assassination.", "precise_score": 5.244894027709961, "rough_score": 4.129337310791016, "source": "wiki", "title": "JFK (film)" }, { "answer": "Jack Ruby", "passage": "Following Kennedy's assassination, Oswald was initially arrested for the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit, who was killed on a Dallas street approximately 45 minutes after President Kennedy was shot. Oswald was later charged with the murder of Kennedy; he denied shooting anybody, saying that he was a patsy. Two days later, while being transferred from police headquarters to the county jail, Oswald was shot and mortally wounded by Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby in full view of television cameras broadcasting live.", "precise_score": 4.7237138748168945, "rough_score": 1.4362471103668213, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lee Harvey Oswald" }, { "answer": "Jack Ruby", "passage": "The film opens with newsreel footage, including the farewell address in 1961 of outgoing President Dwight D. Eisenhower, warning about the build-up of the \"military-industrial complex\". This is followed by a summary of John F. Kennedy's years as president, emphasizing the events that, in Stone's thesis, would lead to his assassination. This builds to a reconstruction of the assassination on November 22, 1963. New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison subsequently learns about potential links to the assassination in New Orleans. Garrison and his team investigate several possible conspirators, including private pilot David Ferrie (Joe Pesci), but are forced to let them go after their investigation is publicly rebuked by the federal government. Kennedy's suspected assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is killed by Jack Ruby, and Garrison closes the investigation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.64829421043396, "source": "wiki", "title": "JFK (film)" }, { "answer": "Jack Ruby", "passage": "* Sally Kirkland as Rose Cheramie, a Dallas prostitute who was allegedly beaten up by Jack Ruby's bodyguards. She's taken to a clinic where she pleads to the doctors that the Mafia is planning on killing President Kennedy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.04394245147705, "source": "wiki", "title": "JFK (film)" }, { "answer": "Jack Ruby", "passage": "Many actors were willing to waive their normal fees because of the nature of the project and to lend their support. Martin Sheen provided the opening narration. The real Jim Garrison, a severe critic of the Warren Commission, played Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren himself, during the scene in which he questions Jack Ruby in a Dallas jail. Alleged assassination witness Beverly Oliver, who claims to be the \"Babushka Lady\" seen in the Zapruder film, also appeared in a cameo role inside Ruby's club. Sean Stone, Oliver Stone's son, plays a secondary role as Garrison's oldest son Jasper. Perry R. Russo, one of the sources for the fictional character \"Willie O'Keefe,\" appeared in a cameo role as \"angry bar patron.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.917377471923828, "source": "wiki", "title": "JFK (film)" }, { "answer": "Jack Ruby", "passage": "On Sunday, November 24, Oswald was being led through the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters toward an armored car that was to take him to the nearby county jail. At 11:21 a.m. CST, Dallas nightclub operator Jack Ruby stepped from the crowd and shot Oswald in the abdomen. Oswald was taken unconscious by ambulance to Parkland Memorial Hospital—the same hospital where doctors tried to save President Kennedy's life two days earlier. Oswald died at 1:07 p.m. Oswald's death was announced on a TV news broadcast by Dallas police chief Jesse Curry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7944589257240295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lee Harvey Oswald" }, { "answer": "Jack Ruby", "passage": "A network television pool camera, there to cover the transfer, was broadcasting live; millions watching on NBC witnessed the shooting as it happened and on other networks within minutes afterward. In 1964, Robert H. Jackson of the Dallas Times Herald was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Photography for his photograph of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1897387504577637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lee Harvey Oswald" }, { "answer": "Jack Ruby", "passage": "for the House Select Committee on Assassinations from 1977 to 1979, said: \"The most plausible explanation for the murder of Oswald by Jack Ruby was that Ruby had stalked him on behalf of organized crime, trying to reach him on at least three occasions in the forty-eight hours before he silenced him forever.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.292881965637207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lee Harvey Oswald" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "50", "fifty" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "fifty", "50" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "50", "type": "Numerical", "value": "50" }

[ { "answer": "50", "passage": "On May 16, 2013, choreographer Wade Robson alleged on The Today Show that Jackson \"performed sexual acts on me and forced me to perform sexual acts on him\" for 7 years, beginning when Robson was 7 years old. Robson had previously testified in defence of Jackson at the singer's 2005 child molestation trial. The attorney for Jackson's estate described Robson's claim as \"outrageous and pathetic\". The date for the hearing which will determine whether Robson can sue Jackson's estate was scheduled for June 2, 2014. In February 2014, the Internal Revenue Service reported that Jackson's estate owed $702 million, including $505 million in taxes and $197 million in penalties after they claimed the estate undervalued Jackson's fortune. ", "precise_score": -0.8058686852455139, "rough_score": -2.3480727672576904, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "Jackson's death triggered an outpouring of reactions around the world, creating unprecedented surges of Internet traffic and causing sales of his music and that of the Jackson 5 to increase dramatically. Jackson had also intended to perform a series of comeback concerts to over one million people at London's O2 Arena from July 2009 to March 2010.Kreps, Daniel. [http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2009/03/12/michael-jacksons-this-is-it-tour-balloons-to-50-show-run-stretching-into-2010/ Michael Jackson's \"This Is It!\" Tour Balloons to 50-Show Run Stretching Into 2010], Rolling Stone, March 12, 2009. A public memorial service for Jackson was held on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, where he had rehearsed for the London concerts the night before his death. The service was broadcast live around the world, attracting a global audience of up to one billion people.Bucci, Paul and Wood, Graeme. [http://www.vancouversun.com/Entertainment/Michael+Jackson+billion+people+estimated+watching+gold+plated+casket+memorial+service/1767503/story.html Michael Jackson RIP: One billion people estimated watching for gold-plated casket at memorial service]. The Vancouver Sun, July 7, 2009. In 2010, Sony Music Entertainment signed a US $250 million deal with Jackson's estate to retain distribution rights to his recordings up until 2017, and to release seven posthumous albums over the decade following his death. Jackson's death is ranked No. 1 on VH1/VH1 Classic's list of 100 Most Shocking Moments in Music. ", "precise_score": -0.07150393724441528, "rough_score": -3.918774366378784, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "1 Michael Jackson dead at 50], The Los Angeles Times, June 25, 2009.Rayner, Gordon and Singh, Anita. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5653140/Michael-Jackson-the-final-days-and-how-TMZ.com-scooped-the-world.html Michael Jackson: the final days and how TMZ.com scooped the world], The Telegraph, June 26, 2009.", "precise_score": 6.483834266662598, "rough_score": 0.23004496097564697, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "Paramedics performed CPR for 42 minutes at the house.Ruda, Steve. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8120084.stm Paramedic on Jackson 911 call], BBC News, June 25, 2009. Murray's attorney stated that Jackson had a pulse when he was taken out of the house and put in the ambulance. An LAFD official gave a different account, stating that paramedics found Jackson in \"full cardiac arrest\", and that they did not observe a change in Jackson's status on the route to the hospital.Eckstein, Marc. [http://connect.jems.com/forum/topics/michael-jackson-ems-response Michael Jackson EMS Response Details Emerge], JEMS (Journal of Emergency Medical Services), June 26, 2009. LAFD transported Jackson to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. After the ambulance arrived at the hospital at approximately 1:14 p.m., a team of medical personnel attempted to resuscitate Jackson for more than an hour. They were unsuccessful, and Jackson was pronounced dead at 2:26 p.m. at the age of 50.McGevna, Allison. [http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2009/06/26/tape-released-michael-jackson-autopsy-way/ Tape of 911 Call Released as Michael Jackson Autopsy Under Way], Fox News, June 26, 2009.Harvey, Michael. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6580897.ece Fans mourn artist for whom it didn't matter if you were black or white], The Times, June 26, 2009.Tourtellotte, Bob. [http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE55O6AK20090626 King of Pop Michael Jackson is dead: official], Reuters, June 25, 2009.", "precise_score": -0.32248881459236145, "rough_score": -3.20094895362854, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "The first reports that Jackson had suffered a cardiac arrest then that he had died came from the Los Angeles-based celebrity news website TMZ. Doctors at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center pronounced Jackson dead at 2:26 p.m. and 18 minutes later, TMZ published the following statement: \"Michael Jackson passed away today at the age of 50.\" The Los Angeles Times confirmed the report at 2:51 p.m. PDT (5:51 p.m. EDT). The news spread quickly online, allowing websites to slow down and crash from user overload. Both TMZ and the Los Angeles Times suffered outages.Rawlinson, Linnie and Nick Hunt. [http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/06/26/michael.jackson.internet/index.html Jackson Dies, almost takes Internet With Him], CNN, June 27, 2009. Google initially believed that the input from millions of people searching for \"Michael Jackson\" meant that the search engine was under attack. Twitter reported a crash, as did Wikipedia at 3:15 p.m. The Wikimedia Foundation reported nearly a million visitors to Jackson's biography within one hour, probably the most visitors in a one-hour period to any article in Wikipedia's history. The AOL Instant Messenger went down for 40 minutes. AOL called it a \"seminal moment in Internet history\", adding \"We've never seen anything like it in terms of scope or depth.\"Wood, Daniel B. [http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2009/0627/p25s09-usgn.html Outpouring over Michael Jackson unlike anything since Princess Di], Christian Science Monitor, June 27, 2009.", "precise_score": 7.56835412979126, "rough_score": 6.736531734466553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "Jackson's attorney John Branca noted that Jackson had the highest royalty rate in the music industry at that point: approximately $2 for every album sold. He was also making record-breaking profits from sales of his recordings. The videocassette of the documentary The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller sold over 350,000 copies in a few months. The era saw the arrival of novelties such as dolls modeled after Michael Jackson, which appeared in stores in May 1984 at a price of $12. Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli writes that \"Thriller stopped selling like a leisure item—like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie—and started selling like a household staple.\" In 1985, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Longform. Time described Jackson's influence at that point as \"star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too\". The New York Times wrote that \"in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.3990936279296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "Jackson was informed of the sale by his attorney, John Branca, in September 1984. An attorney for McCartney also assured Branca that McCartney was not interested in bidding. McCartney reportedly felt it was too expensive, but several other companies and investors were interested in bidding. Jackson submitted a bid of $46 million on November 20, 1984. His agents thought they had a deal several times, but encountered new bidders or new areas of debate. In May 1985, Jackson's team left talks after having spent more than $1 million and four months of due diligence work on the negotiations. In June 1985, Jackson and Branca learned that Charles Koppelman's and Marty Bandier's The Entertainment Company had made a tentative agreement with Holmes à Court to buy ATV Music for $50 million; however, in early August, Holmes à Court's team contacted Jackson and talks resumed. Jackson raised his bid to $47.5 million, which was accepted because he could close the deal more quickly, having already completed due diligence of ATV Music. Jackson also agreed to visit Holmes à Court in Australia, where he would appear on the Channel Seven Perth Telethon. Jackson's purchase of ATV Music was finalized on August 10, 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.066617488861084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "The Bad World Tour began on September 12 that year, finishing on January 14, 1989. In Japan alone, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour. Jackson broke a Guinness World Record when 504,000 people attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium. He performed a total of 123 concerts to an audience of 4.4 million people. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.471519470214844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million, a record-breaking deal at the time, displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records. In 1991, he released his eighth album, Dangerous, co-produced with Teddy Riley. Dangerous was certified seven times platinum in the U.S., and by 2008 had sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide. In the United States, the album's first single \"Black or White\" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide. The album's second single, \"Remember the Time\", spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded the best-selling album of the year worldwide and \"Black or White\" was awarded best-selling single of the year worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Jackson also won an award as best-selling artist of the 1980s. In 1993, he performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals. In the UK and other parts of Europe, \"Heal the World\" was the album's most successful song; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.12186336517334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "In September 2007, Jackson was reportedly still working on his next album, but the work was never completed. In 2008, Jackson and Sony released Thriller 25 to mark the 25th anniversary of the original Thriller. This album featured the previously unreleased song \"For All Time\", an outtake from the original sessions, as well as remixes, where Jackson collaborated with younger artists who had been inspired by his work. Two of the remixes were released as singles with modest success: \"The Girl Is Mine 2008\" (with will.i.am) and \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008\" (with Akon). The first single was based on an early demo version, without Paul McCartney. The album was a commercial success. In anticipation of Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest hits albums, King of Pop. Slightly different versions were released in various countries, based on polls of local fans. King of Pop reached the top 10 in most countries where it was issued, and also sold well as an import in other countries (such as the United States). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4733567237854, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "In March 2009, Jackson held a press conference at London's O2 Arena to announce a series of comeback concerts titled This Is It. The shows would be Jackson's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997. Jackson suggested possible retirement after the shows, saying it would be his \"final curtain call\". The initial plan was for 10 concerts in London, followed by shows in Paris, New York City and Mumbai. Randy Phillips, president and chief executive of AEG Live, stated that the first 10 dates alone would earn the singer approximately £50 million. The London residency was increased to 50 dates after record-breaking ticket sales: over one million were sold in less than two hours. The concerts would have commenced on July 13, 2009, and finished on March 6, 2010. Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, owned by AEG. Less than three weeks before the first show was due to begin in London, with all concerts sold out, Jackson died after suffering cardiac arrest. Some time before his death, it was reported that he was starting a clothing line with Christian Audigier. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.242457389831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "Jackson's memorial was held on July 7, 2009 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, preceded by a private family service at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Hall of Liberty. Due to high demand, tickets to the memorial were distributed via lottery, and over 1.6 million fans applied for tickets during the two-day application period. 8,750 names were drawn at random, with each recipient receiving two tickets each. Jackson's casket was present during the memorial but no information was released about the final disposition of the body. The memorial service was one of the most watched events in streaming history, with an estimated U.S. audience of 31.1 million, an amount comparable to the estimated that watched the 2004 burial of former president Ronald Reagan, and the estimated Americans who watched the 1997 funeral for Princess Diana. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.986859321594238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988 and the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award in 1990 to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; in 1991 the first award was renamed in his honor. \"Black or White\" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video at that time. It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized. Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.573671340942383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "His awards include many Guinness World Records (eight in 2006 alone), including for the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time, 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), 26 American Music Awards (including the \"Artist of the Century\" and \"Artist of the 1980s\"), —more than any artist—13 number-one singles in the US in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era —and estimated sales of over 400 million records worldwide, which makes him one of the best-selling artists of all time. On December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a \"moment of significance\" saying, \"Michael Jackson's sudden death in June at age 50 was notable for the worldwide outpouring of grief and the unprecedented global eulogy of his posthumous concert rehearsal movie This Is It.\" Michael Jackson also received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters Degree from the United Negro College Fund and also an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Fisk University. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.203858375549316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "It is estimated that Michael Jackson earned about $750 million in his lifetime. Sales of his recordings through Sony's music unit earned him an estimated $300 million in royalties. He may have also earned an additional $400 million from concerts, music publishing (including his share of the Beatles catalog) endorsements, merchandising and music videos. Estimating how much of these earnings Jackson was able to personally pocket is difficult because one has to account for taxes, recording costs and production costs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2164177894592285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "There have also been several detailed estimates of Jackson's net worth which range from negative $285 million to positive $350 million for the years 2002, 2003 and 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.804579734802246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "Jackson's last will was filed by attorney John Branca at the Los Angeles County courthouse on July 1, 2009. Signed July 7, 2002, it names Branca and accountant John McClain as executors; they were confirmed as such by a Los Angeles judge on July 6, 2009. All assets are given to the (pre-existing) Michael Jackson Family Trust (amended March 22, 2002), the details of which have not been made public. The Associated Press reports that, in 2007, Jackson had a net worth of $236.6 million: $567.6 million in assets, which included Neverland Ranch and his 50% share of Sony/ATV Music Publishing' catalogue, and debts of $331 million.MacAskill, Ewen. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jul/01/michael-jackson-public-displayed-nerverland Jackson's body to be put on public display at Neverland], The Guardian, July 1, 2009. The guardianship of his three children is given to his mother, Katherine, or if she is unable or unwilling, to singer Diana Ross. The will states that Jackson's former wife Debbie Rowe was omitted intentionally. Jackson's will allocates 20% of his fortune as well as 20% of money made after death to unspecified charities. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.769343852996826, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "Media reports suggested that settlement of Jackson's estate could last many years.Brown, David and Lewis, Leo. [http://timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6583010.ece Michael Jackson: finances will take years to unwind], The Times, June 27, 2009. The value of Sony/ATV Music Publishing is estimated by Ryan Schinman, chief of Platinum Rye, to be US$1.5 billion. Shinman's estimate makes Jackson's share of Sony/ATV worth US$750 million, from which Jackson would have had an annual income of US$80 million. Sony Corporation has not commented on whether it intends to buy Jackson's share of Sony/ATV from the Jackson estate. Jackson's creditors could force a distressed sale, which would act in Sony's favor since it would lower the sale price, but only if the trust set up by Jackson for his stake in Sony/ATV is revocable. A distressed sale would lower the value of Jackson's estate, and thus might not raise enough to cover the debts owed by the estate. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.641839027404785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "The estate administrators and the IRS have estimated portions of the estate differently. The estate estimated that the value of Jackson's likeness is only $2,105; whereas the IRS estimated that the likeness to be worth $434.26 million. The estate estimated \"no worth in Jackson's interest in a trust that owns some songs of his and the Beatles, but the IRS valued it at $469 million.\" Also in dispute is the value of \"Jackson's share of the Jackson 5 master recordings rights, stocks and bonds, and various cars Jackson owned.\" The IRS proposed \"imposing $505 million in taxes plus an additional $197 million in penalties, including a gross valuation misstatement penalty.\" On July 26, 2013, the estate filed a U.S. Tax Court petition claiming \"the IRS overestimated the value of its assets, including Jackson's likeness, real estate, a Bentley, a Lloyds of London insurance policy, Jackson's share of MJJ Ventures Inc., and two trusts.\". Jackson estate attorney Paul Hoffman of Hoffman, Sabban & Watenmaker told Bloomberg News, \"The IRS is wrong.\" The case title is Estate of Michael J. Jackson v. IRS, 17152-13, U.S. Tax Court in Washington, DC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.598681449890137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "On July 10, 2009, six thousand fans attended a musical tribute in Jackson's hometown of Gary, Indiana. Local performers staged a medley of his songs, and mayor Rudy Clay unveiled a seven-foot memorial to him. Jesse Jackson addressed the crowd, stating, \"This is where Michael learned to dance, where he learned to sing, where he learned to sacrifice.\" The Game, was among the first performers to release a tribute song: his single \"Better on the Other Side\" came out the day after Jackson's death. Produced by DJ Khalil, this song featured vocals by Diddy, Chris Brown, Polow da Don, Mario Winans, Usher, and Boyz II Men. A wide variety of other artists recorded musical tributes, such as 50 Cent, LL Cool J, Robbie Williams, Akon and guitarist Buckethead (whose song entitled \"The Homing Beacon\" was inspired by Jackson's 3-D film, Captain EO.) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.713382244110107, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "In Australia, 15 of his albums occupied the ARIA top 100 as of July 5, four of them in the top ten, with three occupying the top three spots. He had 34 singles in the top 100 singles chart, including four in the top ten. Album sales were 62,015 for the previous week; singles tallied 107,821 units. In the second week, album sales rose from the previous week and tallied 88,650 copies. On July 12, four albums were in the top 10 with three occupying the top three spots. In New Zealand, Thriller 25 topped the chart. In Germany, King of Pop topped the album chart, and from June 28 to July 4, nine of his albums occupied the Top 20 of CAPIF in Argentina. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306999206542969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "50", "passage": "A private family service was held at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Los Angeles, after a public memorial at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California on July 7, where Jackson had rehearsed on June 24, the day before he died. The memorial service was organized by Jackson's concert promoter, AEG Live, who gave away 17,500 free tickets (even if AEG was initially out to sell them, but due to complaints had to desist) to fans worldwide through an online lottery that attracted over 1.2 million applicants in 24 hours, and over a half-billion hits to the webpage. The service was broadcast live around the world, and was believed to have been watched by up to 2.5 billion people. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.7001776695251465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Death of Michael Jackson" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Houston Texans", "passage": "The Houston Texans have played their home games at NRG Stadium (formerly Reliant Stadium) since their inception in 2002. The annual calendar consists of 8 regular season and 2 pre-season games, plus any playoff games the Texans host. The first game played was on August 24, 2002, in front of 69,432 in attendance as the Texans hosted the Miami Dolphins in their first preseason game. The first regular season game was played on September 8 of that year, where the expansion Texans defeated the Dallas Cowboys 19–10 in front of 69,604. The first Monday Night Football game in Texans history was held on December 1, 2008 at Reliant Stadium. Playing in front of a then franchise-record crowd of 70,809, the Texans defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars 30–17. Since then that record crowd has been broken in the next 2 Texans home games of that season. Their December 7 home game against the Tennessee Titans saw a then record-crowd of 70,831 and the December 28 home finale against the Chicago Bears drew then a current franchise-crowd record of 70,838. That record was broken on November 23, 2009, when a record crowd of 71,153 were in attendance during the Texans second ever Monday Night Football game against Houston's former NFL team, the Tennessee Titans. The Texans home finale of the 2009 season against the New England Patriots on January 3, 2010 drew 71,029.", "precise_score": 4.3940348625183105, "rough_score": 5.1350860595703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "NRG Stadium" }, { "answer": "Houston Texans", "passage": "The stadium is the home of the National Football League's Houston Texans, the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, the Texas Bowl, host to many international soccer matches for the USA National Soccer Team, and other events. The stadium served as the host facility for Super Bowl XXXVIII on February 1, 2004 and WrestleMania XXV on April 5, 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.953322410583496, "source": "wiki", "title": "NRG Stadium" }, { "answer": "Houston Texans", "passage": "The Houston NFL Holdings group came to Populous (then HOK Sport) to begin the schematic design for the first-ever NFL retractable roof football stadium in 1997. The intention was to create a football stadium to replace the Astrodome that would operate like an open-air facility but have the intimacy and comfort of an indoor arena. With the design for football and the square footage requirements of the rodeo, the building was designed in the 1900000 sqft range. Groundbreaking for the stadium was on March 9, 2000 and the building was officially topped off in October 2001. The stadium opened on August 24, 2002, with a preseason game between the Miami Dolphins and Houston Texans which the Dolphins won 24–3. The stadium hosted its first regular season NFL football game between the Dallas Cowboys and the Houston Texans on September 8, 2002. Construction was completed in 30 months. The first rodeo was held in the stadium in February 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.15004482865333557, "source": "wiki", "title": "NRG Stadium" }, { "answer": "Houston Texans", "passage": "On the night of September 12–13, 2008 the stadium sustained damage from Hurricane Ike forcing the Houston Texans home opener scheduled for September 14 to be postponed. Part of the roof cladding came off, and there was wind and water damage to other sections of the stadium. There were also large pieces of debris inside the stadium from the hurricane and the stadium authority declared that the stadium did not suffer significant structural damage except for the roof and the Texans would be able to play all of their 8 home games at Reliant Stadium with the roof open.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.891655206680298, "source": "wiki", "title": "NRG Stadium" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Charles R. Darwin", "Www.darwin200.org.uk", "Charles R Darwin", "Darwin200", "Darwin 200", "Charles Darwin's", "Darwin's", "Charlesdarwin", "CR Darwin", "C. R. Darwin", "Charles darwin", "Charles Robert Darwin", "Chuck Darwin", "C darwin", "Darwin's theory", "Charles Darwin", "Mary Darwin", "Darwin, Charles", "Charels darwin" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "cr darwin", "darwin200", "darwin 200", "charles robert darwin", "darwin s theory", "charles r darwin", "charels darwin", "mary darwin", "www darwin200 org uk", "c r darwin", "chuck darwin", "charles darwin", "darwin charles", "darwin s", "charlesdarwin", "charles darwin s", "c darwin" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "charles darwin", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Charles Darwin" }

[ { "answer": "Charles Darwin", "passage": "On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. ", "precise_score": 6.780723571777344, "rough_score": 2.7574596405029297, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "In November 1844, the anonymously published popular science book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers, widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species. Vestiges used evidence from the fossil record and embryology to support the claim that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time. But it proposed a linear progression rather than the branching common descent theory behind Darwin's work in progress, and it ignored adaptation. Darwin read it soon after publication, and scorned its amateurish geology and zoology, but he carefully reviewed his own arguments after leading scientists, including Adam Sedgwick, attacked its morality and scientific errors. Vestiges had significant influence on public opinion, and the intense debate helped to pave the way for the acceptance of the more scientifically sophisticated Origin by moving evolutionary speculation into the mainstream. While few naturalists were willing to consider transmutation, Herbert Spencer became an active proponent of Lamarckism and progressive development in the 1850s. ", "precise_score": -3.114114999771118, "rough_score": -5.57430362701416, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "An 1855 paper on the \"introduction\" of species, written by Alfred Russel Wallace, claimed that patterns in the geographical distribution of living and fossil species could be explained if every new species always came into existence near an already existing, closely related species. Charles Lyell recognised the implications of Wallace's paper and its possible connection to Darwin's work, although Darwin did not, and in a letter written on 1–2 May 1856 Lyell urged Darwin to publish his theory to establish priority. Darwin was torn between the desire to set out a full and convincing account and the pressure to quickly produce a short paper. He met Lyell, and in correspondence with Joseph Dalton Hooker affirmed that he did not want to expose his ideas to review by an editor as would have been required to publish in an academic journal. He began a \"sketch\" account on 14 May 1856, and by July had decided to produce a full technical treatise on species. His theory including the principle of divergence was complete by 5 September 1857 when he sent Asa Gray a brief but detailed abstract of his ideas.", "precise_score": -2.718163251876831, "rough_score": -4.412319660186768, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Darwin was hard at work on his \"big book\" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile. The mechanism was similar to Darwin's own theory. Darwin wrote to Lyell that \"your words have come true with a vengeance, ... forestalled\" and he would \"of course, at once write and offer to send [it] to any journal\" that Wallace chose, adding that \"all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed\". Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint publication putting together Wallace's pages with extracts from Darwin's 1844 Essay and his 1857 letter to Gray should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on 1 July 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions. Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation. ", "precise_score": -5.963547706604004, "rough_score": -6.129127502441406, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "After the meeting, Darwin decided to write \"an abstract of my whole work\". He started work on 20 July 1858, while on holiday at Sandown, and wrote parts of it from memory. Lyell discussed arrangements with publisher John Murray III, of the publishing house John Murray, who responded immediately to Darwin's letter of 31 March 1859 with an agreement to publish the book without even seeing the manuscript, and an offer to Darwin of of the profits. (eventually Murray paid £180 to Darwin for the 1st edition and by Darwin's death in 1882 the book was in its 6th edition, earning Darwin nearly £3000. )", "precise_score": -3.648268222808838, "rough_score": -2.4782233238220215, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printed but after deducting presentation and review copies, and five for Stationers' Hall copyright, around 1,170 copies were available for sale. Significantly, 500 were taken by Mudie's Library, ensuring that the book promptly reached a large number of subscribers to the library. The second edition of 3,000 copies was quickly brought out on 7 January 1860, and incorporated numerous corrections as well as a response to religious objections by the addition of a new epigraph on page ii, a quotation from Charles Kingsley, and the phrase \"by the Creator\" added to the closing sentence. During Darwin's lifetime the book went through six editions, with cumulative changes and revisions to deal with counter-arguments raised. The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions. The fifth edition, published on 10 February 1869, incorporated more changes and for the first time included the phrase \"survival of the fittest\", which had been coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology (1864).\"This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called 'natural selection', or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.\" ", "precise_score": 6.626112937927246, "rough_score": 5.422795295715332, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated \"favoured races\" as \"perfected races\", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18 languages.", "precise_score": -6.8629536628723145, "rough_score": -5.239473342895508, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Interest in Darwin's writings continues, and scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work. The text of Origin itself has been subject to much analysis including a variorum, detailing the changes made in every edition, first published in 1959, and a concordance, an exhaustive external index published in 1981. Worldwide commemorations of the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species and the bicentenary of Darwin's birth were scheduled for 2009. They celebrated the ideas which \"over the last 150 years have revolutionised our understanding of nature and our place within it\".", "precise_score": -0.6417384147644043, "rough_score": -3.1205859184265137, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During \"the eclipse of Darwinism\" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.771345138549805, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Summary of Darwin's theory", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.959336280822754, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Darwin's theory of evolution is based on key facts and the inferences drawn from them, which biologist Ernst Mayr summarised as follows: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.103114128112793, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Developments before Darwin's theory", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.250460624694824, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Charles Darwin", "passage": "Charles Darwin's grandfather Erasmus Darwin outlined a hypothesis of transmutation of species in the 1790s, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a more developed theory in 1809. Both envisaged that spontaneous generation produced simple forms of life that progressively developed greater complexity, adapting to the environment by inheriting changes in adults caused by use or disuse. This process was later called Lamarckism. Lamarck thought there was an inherent progressive tendency driving organisms continuously towards greater complexity, in parallel but separate lineages with no extinction. Geoffroy contended that embryonic development recapitulated transformations of organisms in past eras when the environment acted on embryos, and that animal structures were determined by a constant plan as demonstrated by homologies. Georges Cuvier strongly disputed such ideas, holding that unrelated, fixed species showed similarities that reflected a design for functional needs. His palæontological work in the 1790s had established the reality of extinction, which he explained by local catastrophes, followed by repopulation of the affected areas by other species. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.70321798324585, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Inception of Darwin's theory", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225265502929688, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Richard Owen showed that fossils of extinct species Darwin found in South America were allied to living species on the same continent. In March 1837, ornithologist John Gould announced that Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea (though their territories overlapped), that mockingbirds collected on the Galápagos Islands represented three separate species each unique to a particular island, and that several distinct birds from those islands were all classified as finches. Darwin began speculating, in a series of notebooks, on the possibility that \"one species does change into another\" to explain these findings, and around July sketched a genealogical branching of a single evolutionary tree, discarding Lamarck's independent lineages progressing to higher forms. Unconventionally, Darwin asked questions of fancy pigeon and animal breeders as well as established scientists. At the zoo he had his first sight of an ape, and was profoundly impressed by how human the orangutan seemed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.237125396728516, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Darwin's barnacle studies convinced him that variation arose constantly and not just in response to changed circumstances. In 1854, he completed the last part of his Beagle-related writing and began working full-time on evolution. His thinking changed from the view that species formed in isolated populations only, as on islands, to an emphasis on speciation without isolation; that is, he saw increasing specialisation within large stable populations as continuously exploiting new ecological niches. He conducted empirical research focusing on difficulties with his theory. He studied the developmental and anatomical differences between different breeds of many domestic animals, became actively involved in fancy pigeon breeding, and experimented (with the help of his son Francis) on ways that plant seeds and animals might disperse across oceans to colonise distant islands. By 1856, his theory was much more sophisticated, with a mass of supporting evidence. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.831121444702148, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Charles Darwin", "passage": "Darwin had his basic theory of natural selection \"by which to work\" by December 1838, yet almost twenty years later, when Wallace's letter arrived on 18 June 1858, Darwin was still not ready to publish his theory. It was long thought that Darwin avoided or delayed making his ideas public for personal reasons. Reasons suggested have included fear of religious persecution or social disgrace if his views were revealed, and concern about upsetting his clergymen naturalist friends or his pious wife Emma. Charles Darwin's illness caused repeated delays. His paper on Glen Roy had proved embarrassingly wrong, and he may have wanted to be sure he was correct. David Quammen has suggested all these factors may have contributed, and notes Darwin's large output of books and busy family life during that time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.39390230178833, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "A more recent study by science historian John van Wyhe has determined that the idea that Darwin delayed publication only dates back to the 1940s, and Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable. Darwin always finished one book before starting another. While he was researching, he told many people about his interest in transmutation without causing outrage. He firmly intended to publish, but it was not until September 1854 that he could work on it full-time. His estimate that writing his \"big book\" would take five years was optimistic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.806707382202148, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Page ii contains quotations by William Whewell and Francis Bacon on the theology of natural laws, harmonising science and religion in accordance with Isaac Newton's belief in a rational God who established a law-abiding cosmos. In the second edition, Darwin added an epigraph from Joseph Butler affirming that God could work through scientific laws as much as through miracles, in a nod to the religious concerns of his oldest friends. The Introduction establishes Darwin's credentials as a naturalist and author, then refers to John Herschel's letter suggesting that the origin of species \"would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process\": ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.530118465423584, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "In Darwin's time there was no agreed-upon model of heredity; in Chapter I Darwin admitted, \"The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown.\" He accepted a version of the inheritance of acquired characteristics (which after Darwin's death came to be called Lamarckism), and Chapter V discusses what he called the effects of use and disuse; he wrote that he thought \"there can be little doubt that use in our domestic animals strengthens and enlarges certain parts, and disuse diminishes them; and that such modifications are inherited\", and that this also applied in nature. Darwin stated that some changes that were commonly attributed to use and disuse, such as the loss of functional wings in some island dwelling insects, might be produced by natural selection. In later editions of Origin, Darwin expanded the role attributed to the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Darwin also admitted ignorance of the source of inheritable variations, but speculated they might be produced by environmental factors. However, one thing was clear: whatever the exact nature and causes of new variations, Darwin knew from observation and experiment that breeders were able to select such variations and produce huge differences in many generations of selection. The observation that selection works in domestic animals is not destroyed by lack of understanding of the underlying hereditary mechanism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.009976387023926, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Charles Darwin", "passage": "More detail was given in Darwin's 1868 book on The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, which tried to explain heredity through his hypothesis of pangenesis. Although Darwin had privately questioned blending inheritance, he struggled with the theoretical difficulty that novel individual variations would tend to blend into a population. However, inherited variation could be seen, and Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable. It was not until the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s that a model of heredity became completely integrated with a model of variation. This modern evolutionary synthesis had been dubbed Neo Darwinian Evolution because it encompasses Charles Darwin's theories of evolution with Gregor Mendel's theories of genetic inheritance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.654664993286133, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Another difficulty, related to the first one, is the absence or rarity of transitional varieties in time. Darwin commented that by the theory of natural selection \"innumerable transitional forms must have existed,\" and wondered \"why do we not find them embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the earth?\" (for further discussion of these difficulties, see Speciation#Darwin's Dilemma and Bernstein et al. and Michod )", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.748753547668457, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Chapter X examines whether patterns in the fossil record are better explained by common descent and branching evolution through natural selection, than by the individual creation of fixed species. Darwin expected species to change slowly, but not at the same rate – some organisms such as Lingula were unchanged since the earliest fossils. The pace of natural selection would depend on variability and change in the environment. This distanced his theory from Lamarckian laws of inevitable progress. It has been argued that this anticipated the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, but other scholars have preferred to emphasise Darwin's commitment to gradualism. He cited Richard Owen's findings that the earliest members of a class were a few simple and generalised species with characteristics intermediate between modern forms, and were followed by increasingly diverse and specialised forms, matching the branching of common descent from an ancestor. Patterns of extinction matched his theory, with related groups of species having a continued existence until extinction, then not reappearing. Recently extinct species were more similar to living species than those from earlier eras, and as he had seen in South America, and William Clift had shown in Australia, fossils from recent geological periods resembled species still living in the same area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.810759544372559, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Nature and structure of Darwin's argument", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094236373901367, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change. He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism. Therefore, the first four chapters lay out his case that selection in nature, caused by the struggle for existence, is analogous to the selection of variations under domestication, and that the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.021360397338867, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Later chapters provide evidence that evolution has occurred, supporting the idea of branching, adaptive evolution without directly proving that selection is the mechanism. Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines, showing that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of natural history that were inexplicable under the alternate concept that species had been individually created. The structure of Darwin's argument showed the influence of John Herschel, whose philosophy of science maintained that a mechanism could be called a vera causa (true cause) if three things could be demonstrated: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.462939262390137, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "The Examiner review of 3 December 1859 commented, \"Much of Mr. Darwin's volume is what ordinary readers would call 'tough reading;' that is, writing which to comprehend requires concentrated attention and some preparation for the task. All, however, is by no means of this description, and many parts of the book abound in information, easy to comprehend and both instructive and entertaining.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.958573341369629, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "While the book was readable enough to sell, its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction. Unlike the still-popular Vestiges, it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation, though the closing sentence clearly hinted at cosmic progression. Darwin had long been immersed in the literary forms and practices of specialist science, and made effective use of his skills in structuring arguments. David Quammen has described the book as written in everyday language for a wide audience, but noted that Darwin's literary style was uneven: in some places he used convoluted sentences that are difficult to read, while in other places his writing was beautiful. Quammen advised that later editions were weakened by Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics, and recommended the first edition. James T. Costa said that because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay, it was more approachable than the big book on natural selection Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail. He added that some parts of Origin are dense, but other parts are almost lyrical, and the case studies and observations are presented in a narrative style unusual in serious scientific books, which broadened its audience. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.808183670043945, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "The book aroused international interest and a widespread debate, with no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications. Much of the initial reaction was hostile, but Darwin had to be taken seriously as a prominent and respected name in science. There was much less controversy than had greeted the 1844 publication Vestiges of Creation, which had been rejected by scientists, but had influenced a wide public readership into believing that nature and human society were governed by natural laws. The Origin of Species as a book of wide general interest became associated with ideas of social reform. Its proponents made full use of a surge in the publication of review journals, and it was given more popular attention than almost any other scientific work, though it failed to match the continuing sales of Vestiges. Darwin's book legitimised scientific discussion of evolutionary mechanisms, and the newly coined term Darwinism was used to cover the whole range of evolutionism, not just his own ideas. By the mid-1870s, evolutionism was triumphant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.598599433898926, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague \"law of development\" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.91323184967041, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology, and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and questioned if Darwin's gradualism was sufficient without sudden leaps to cause speciation. Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for \"extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated\" and coining the term \"Darwinism\" as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science. Huxley gained influence, and initiated the X Club, which used the journal Nature to promote evolution and naturalism, shaping much of late Victorian science. Later, the German morphologist Ernst Haeckel would convince Huxley that comparative anatomy and palaeontology could be used to reconstruct evolutionary genealogies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.750428676605225, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Evolutionary ideas, although not natural selection, were accepted by German biologists accustomed to ideas of homology in morphology from Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants and from their long tradition of comparative anatomy. Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives, but enthused political radicals. Ernst Haeckel was particularly ardent, aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie. Their ambitious programme to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life was joined by Huxley and supported by discoveries in palaeontology. Haeckel used embryology extensively in his recapitulation theory, which embodied a progressive, almost linear model of evolution. Darwin was cautious about such histories, and had already noted that von Baer's laws of embryology supported his idea of complex branching. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.414806365966797, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "French-speaking naturalists in several countries showed appreciation of the much modified French translation by Clémence Royer, but Darwin's ideas had little impact in France, where any scientists supporting evolutionary ideas opted for a form of Lamarckism. The intelligentsia in Russia had accepted the general phenomenon of evolution for several years before Darwin had published his theory, and scientists were quick to take it into account, although the Malthusian aspects were felt to be relatively unimportant. The political economy of struggle was criticised as a British stereotype by Karl Marx and by Leo Tolstoy, who had the character Levin in his novel Anna Karenina voice sharp criticism of the morality of Darwin's views.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.316657066345215, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during \"the eclipse of Darwinism\" included forms of \"saltationism\" in which new species were thought to arise through \"jumps\" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress. The minority view of August Weismann, that natural selection was the only mechanism, was called neo-Darwinism. It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.027548789978027, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further. Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races. Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism. Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work. Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.412711143493652, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as \"just as noble a conception of Deity\". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as \"a celebrated cleric\", and added the phrase \"by the Creator\" to the closing sentence, which from then on read \"life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one\". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to \"creation\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.34615707397461, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Baden Powell praised \"Mr Darwin's masterly volume [supporting] the grand principle of the self-evolving powers of nature\". In America, Asa Gray argued that evolution is the secondary effect, or modus operandi, of the first cause, design, and published a pamphlet defending the book in terms of theistic evolution, Natural Selection is not inconsistent with Natural Theology. Theistic evolution became a popular compromise, and St. George Jackson Mivart was among those accepting evolution but attacking Darwin's naturalistic mechanism. Eventually it was realised that supernatural intervention could not be a scientific explanation, and naturalistic mechanisms such as neo-Lamarckism were favoured over natural selection as being more compatible with purpose.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.004007339477539, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Even though the book did not explicitly spell out Darwin’s beliefs about human origins, it had dropped a number of hints about human’s animal ancestry and quickly became central to the debate, as mental and moral qualities were seen as spiritual aspects of the immaterial soul, and it was believed that animals did not have spiritual qualities. This conflict could be reconciled by supposing there was some supernatural intervention on the path leading to humans, or viewing evolution as a purposeful and progressive ascent to mankind's position at the head of nature. While many conservative theologians accepted evolution, Charles Hodge argued in his 1874 critique \"What is Darwinism?\" that \"Darwinism\", defined narrowly as including rejection of design, was atheism though he accepted that Asa Gray did not reject design. Asa Gray responded that this charge misrepresented Darwin's text. By the early 20th century, four noted authors of The Fundamentals were explicitly open to the possibility that God created through evolution, but fundamentalism inspired the American creation–evolution controversy that began in the 1920s. Some conservative Roman Catholic writers and influential Jesuits opposed evolution in the late 19th and early 20th century, but other Catholic writers, starting with Mivart, pointed out that early Church Fathers had not interpreted Genesis literally in this area. The Vatican stated its official position in a 1950 papal encyclical, which held that evolution was not inconsistent with Catholic teaching. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.48265266418457, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "answer": "Darwin's", "passage": "Modern evolutionary theory continues to develop. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, with its tree-like model of branching common descent, has become the unifying theory of the life sciences. The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment. It makes sense of the geologic record, biogeography, parallels in embryonic development, biological homologies, vestigiality, cladistics, phylogenetics and other fields, with unrivalled explanatory power; it has also become essential to applied sciences such as medicine and agriculture. Despite the scientific consensus, a religion-based political controversy has developed over how evolution is taught in schools, especially in the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.063209533691406, "source": "wiki", "title": "On the Origin of Species" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Pauline Esther \"Popo\" Phillips (née Friedman; July 4, 1918 – January 16, 2013), also known as Abigail Van Buren, was an American advice columnist and radio show host who began the Dear Abby column in 1956. During her decades writing the column, it became the most widely-syndicated newspaper column in the world, syndicated in 1,400 newspapers with 110 million readers. ", "precise_score": 6.26699161529541, "rough_score": 7.517787933349609, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Pauline's writing career that led to Dear Abby began in January 1956, when she was 37 and new to the greater San Francisco area. Sometime during this period she phoned the editor of the San Francisco Chronicle and said she could write a better advice column than the one she had been reading in the newspaper. After hearing her modest credentials, editor Stanleigh \"Auk\" Arnold gave her some letters in need of answers and said to bring back her replies in a week; Phillips got her replies back to the Chronicle in an hour and half. In an interview with Larry King, she said she had no work experience, lacking even a social security number. The editor, however, asked if she were a professional writer. He said her writing was \"fabulous', and she was hired that day. ", "precise_score": 5.2758402824401855, "rough_score": 7.312480926513672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "From 1987 until her mother's retirement, her daughter Jeanne had been co-writing the column. In 2002, when Phillips suffered from the onset of Alzheimer's disease, Jeanne assumed all the writing responsibilities of Dear Abby, and after the family's announcement of Pauline's illness, assumed the pen name Abigail Van Buren. ", "precise_score": 3.722744941711426, "rough_score": 5.689859390258789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Jeanne Phillips (; born 1942), also known as Abigail Van Buren, is an American advice columnist who writes the advice column Dear Abby. She is the daughter of Pauline Esther \"Popo\" Phillips, who founded Dear Abby in 1956, and her husband, Morton Phillips.", "precise_score": 7.814719200134277, "rough_score": 8.624744415283203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Jeanne Phillips began assisting her mother, Pauline Phillips, with the Dear Abby column at the age of 14 in order to earn an allowance. When Jeanne asked her mother for an allowance, Pauline answered, \"What are you going to do for it?\" Pauline then said that her Dear Abby column received a substantial amount of mail from teenagers and that Jeanne could reply to some of them. If Jeanne's responses were \"good\", her mother would use them in the column. If her responses were not good, Jeanne would rewrite them. Jeanne spent her allowance money on watching movies and plays. She went to San Francisco several times to see the play, Li'l Abner. ", "precise_score": 4.377342700958252, "rough_score": 5.549961566925049, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "In the 1970s, Phillips helped her mother write over half of the columns for her nationally syndicated radio show on CBS News. In 1980, she became the radio show's column executive editor, and in 1987, she became its co-editor. Beginning in 1987, she worked with her mother on the nationally syndicated Dear Abby column. She began writing a majority of the columns since the early 1990s, though her mother did not publicly acknowledge her as the column's co-writer until 2000. Jeanne worked as the writer, while Pauline edited. While Pauline remained at home, Jeanne would manage the office and their paid staff. Mother and daughter were listed as the writers after a December 12, 2000, letter to readers. A photo of the two was affixed to each column. Beginning on July 22, 2002, Jeanne was attributed as the only writer of the column. Kathie Kerr, a spokeswoman for Universal Press Syndicate, the distributor of the column, said: \"Over the past couple of years, Pauline Phillips hasn't had any day-to-day activities with the column.\" ", "precise_score": 3.6442692279815674, "rough_score": 6.211634635925293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "From 1963 to 1975, Phillips also hosted a daily Dear Abby program on CBS Radio. TV anchorwoman Diane Sawyer calls her the \"pioneering queen of salty advice.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1968132257461548, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Abigail Van Buren", "passage": "She went by the pen name Abigail Van Buren, after the Old Testament prophetess from the Book of Samuel: Then David said to Abigail ... ‘Blessed is your advice and blessed are you. \"Van Buren\" was used after the president, Martin Van Buren. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.057909965515137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": " The editor of the Chicago Sun-Times described their skill as \"beyond mere shrewdness—a quality very close to genuine wisdom.\" Amy Dickinson, a syndicated advice columnist who styles her columns after Dear Abby, says that Phillips was a \"master\" in her ability to write with both \"genuine honesty\" and \"compassion,\" while at the same time being able to respond with \"tough love\" when needed: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9132490158081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Phillips was an honorary member of Women in Communications, the American College of Psychiatrists, and the National Council of Jewish Women. She authored six books: Dear Abby, Dear Teenager, Dear Abby on Marriage, Where Were You When President Kennedy was Shot?, The Dear Abby Wedding Planner, and The Best of Dear Abby. The Dear Abby Show aired on the CBS Radio Network for 12 years. When asked near the end of her career whether her years of writing the column were a lot of work, she said, \"It's only work if you'd rather be doing something else.\" She felt that her career had been \"fulfilling, exciting and incredibly rewarding.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.414341449737549, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Books about Dear Abby ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216999053955078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Abigail Van Buren", "passage": "Books by Abigail Van Buren ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257256507873535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "* Dear Abby. Illustrated by Carl Rose. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, [1958].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.069512367248535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "* Dear Abby on marriage. New York: McGraw-Hill, [1962].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.508221626281738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "* The Best of Dear Abby. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1981. ISBN 0-8362-7907-7 ; 081613362X (lg. print.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8067626953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "* Dear Abby on planning your wedding. Andrews and McMeel, c1988. ISBN 0-8362-7943-3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.905180931091309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "* Where were you when President Kennedy was shot?: memories and tributes to a slain president as told to Dear Abby. Foreword by Pierre Salinger. Andrews and McMeel, c1993. ISBN 0-8362-6246-8.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.101737022399902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pauline Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Many advice columns are now syndicated and appear in very few newspapers. Prominent American examples include Dear Abby, Ann Landers, Carolyn Hax's Tell Me About It, and Mallory Ortberg's Dear Prudence. Internet sites such as the Elder Wisdom Circle offer relationship advice to a broad audience; Dear Maggie offers sex advice to a predominantly Christian readership in Christianity Magazine, and Miriam's Advice Well offers advice to Jewish people in Philadelphia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.032008171081543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Advice column" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "In a Dear Abby column on December 12, 2000, Pauline introduced Jeanne as co-creator of Dear Abby. They began to share the byline Abigail Van Buren and both were pictured with the column. Jeanne officially assumed the mantle of Dear Abby in August 2002, when the Phillips family made the announcement that Pauline had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Jeanne continues to write under the pen name \"Abigail Van Buren\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.815751552581787, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Jeanne Phillips' Dear Abby column is syndicated in about 1,400 newspapers in the U.S. with a combined circulation of more than 110 million. Dear Abbys website receives about 10,000 letters per week, seeking advice on a large variety of personal matters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.032871723175049, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Dear Abby", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136303901672363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Jeanne Phillips' history with Dear Abby", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0615315437316895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "On Valentine's Day in 2001, the Dear Abby radio show was honored with the 2,172nd star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Around 60 family members and friends took part in the 30-minute ceremony. Jeanne Phillips paid the $15,000 sponsorship fee for the star and its maintenance to honor her mother. The Dear Abby radio show lasted for 12 years. Jeanne wrote and produced Pauline's shows; Pauline was the host. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.647269606590271, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Operation Dear Abby", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219686508178711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "During the Vietnam War, in 1967, Phillips' mother started Operation Dear Abby, through which holiday messages were sent to American soldiers. Phillips' mother was inspired to create this service when Billy Thompson, a sergeant, requested a letter from home for his Christmas present. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.547772407531738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Jeanne Phillips was born in Mount Morris, Illinois to Pauline Esther \"Popo\" Phillips, the founder of Dear Abby, and Morton Phillips in 1942. Her grandfather, Jay Phillips, was born in Russia in 1898 and immigrated to Wisconsin when he was two years old. When Jeanne was three years old, her family moved from Minnesota to Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Phillips went to elementary school in Hillsborough, California and attended Burlingame High School for two years. After her sophomore year she transferred to Crystal Springs Uplands School and attended the private school for one year. Shortly thereafter, her family moved back to Twin Cities in Minnesota so her father could take the helm of her feeble grandfather's liquor distribution business. For her senior year she attended Washburn High School in Minneapolis. Phillips enjoyed the school, saying, \"I loved it. I was never the most popular girl in the class. I never aspired to be. But I did make very nice friends.\" In college, she majored in English and anthropology, and studied anthropology at the University of Colorado and UCLA though she did not work in the field. She attempted interior design but ultimately decided it was unsatisfactory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.2516306936740875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" }, { "answer": "Dear Abby", "passage": "Every day, Phillips reads the letters sent to her Dear Abby column and pens her column in the afternoon. In the evenings, she either cooks or goes out to dinner with her husband. When asked who her Dear Abby was, Phillips replied that her husband is her \"primary support\" and her friends her \"secondary support\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.985761880874634, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeanne Phillips" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "William Henry Hartnell (8 January 1908 – 23 April 1975), also known as Billy Hartnell or Bill Hartnell, was an English actor. Hartnell played the first incarnation of the Doctor in Doctor Who, from 1963 to 1966. He was also known for his roles as Sergeant Grimshaw, the title character of the first Carry On film, Carry On Sergeant in 1958, and Company Sergeant Major Percy Bullimore in the sitcom The Army Game from 1957 until 1958, and again in 1960.", "precise_score": 4.121493339538574, "rough_score": 4.755785942077637, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Hartnell's performance in This Sporting Life was noted by Verity Lambert, the producer who was setting up a new science-fiction television series for the BBC entitled Doctor Who; mainly on the strength of that performance, Lambert offered him the title role. Although Hartnell was initially uncertain about accepting a part in what was pitched to him as a children's series, in part due to his success in films, Lambert and director Waris Hussein convinced him to take the part, and it became the character for which he gained the highest profile and is now most remembered. Hartnell later revealed that he took the role because it led him away from the gruff, military parts in which he had become typecast, and, having two grandchildren of his own, he came to relish particularly the attention and affection that playing the character brought him from children. His first episode of Doctor Who aired on 23 November 1963. ", "precise_score": 3.947402238845825, "rough_score": 3.2701587677001953, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who earned Hartnell a regular salary of £315 per episode by 1966 (in the era of 48 weeks per year production on the series), . By comparison, in 1966 his co-stars Anneke Wills and Michael Craze were earning £68 and £52 per episode at the same time, respectively. Throughout his tenure as the Doctor, William Hartnell wore a wig when playing the part, as the character had long hair. ", "precise_score": -1.9270126819610596, "rough_score": -1.7276649475097656, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Hartnell's deteriorating health (he suffered from arteriosclerosis, which began to affect his ability to learn his lines), as well as poor relations with a new production team on the series following the departure of Verity Lambert, ultimately led to his leaving Doctor Who in 1966. ", "precise_score": -1.5619665384292603, "rough_score": -2.9776947498321533, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Hartnell appears as a character in the Doctor Who audio drama Pier Pressure, which stars Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor.", "precise_score": 1.1092355251312256, "rough_score": -4.641536235809326, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "For the fiftieth anniversary of Doctor Who in 2013, the BBC broadcast An Adventure in Space and Time, a dramatisation of the events surrounding the creation of the series. David Bradley portrayed Hartnell. ", "precise_score": 0.6858531832695007, "rough_score": 3.029542922973633, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Hartnell reprised the role of the Doctor in Doctor Who during the tenth anniversary story The Three Doctors (1972–73). When Hartnell's wife Heather found out about his planned involvement, she informed the crew of the show that his failing memory and weakening health prevented him from starring in the special. An agreement was made between the crew and Heather that Hartnell would only be required to sit down during the shoot and read his lines from cue cards. His appearance in this story was his final piece of work as an actor. His health had worsened during the early 1970s, and in December 1974 he was admitted to hospital permanently. In early 1975 he suffered a series of strokes brought on by cerebrovascular disease, and died in his sleep of heart failure on 23 April 1975, at the age of 67. He was cremated and his ashes are buried at the Kent and Sussex Crematorium and Cemetery.", "precise_score": 0.6512519121170044, "rough_score": -0.5430033206939697, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "A clip of a scene starring Hartnell from the end of the Doctor Who serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth (1964) was used as a pre-credits sequence for the twentieth anniversary story The Five Doctors (1983); Richard Hurndall portrayed the First Doctor for the remainder of the story, in Hartnell's absence. Colourised footage of Hartnell in The Aztecs was meshed with new footage of actress Jenna-Louise Coleman, and with body doubles for the First Doctor and Susan, to create a new scene in 2013's \"The Name of the Doctor\". The following story, and the 50th anniversary special of the show, \"The Day of the Doctor\" featured two new pieces of dialogue for Hartnell's Doctor, recorded by John Guilor, who had previously voiced the actor in a reconstruction of \"Planet of Giants\".", "precise_score": 1.7266812324523926, "rough_score": -1.914534330368042, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Hartnell was married to Heather McIntyre from 9 May 1929 until his death. They had one child, a daughter, Heather Anne, and two grandchildren. His widow, Heather, died in 1984. The only published biography of him is by his granddaughter, Judith \"Jessica\" Carney, entitled Who's There? The Life and Career of William Hartnell. It was originally published in 1996 by Virgin Publishing, and to mark the fiftieth anniversary of Doctor Who, Carney, with Fantom Publishing, revised and republished the book in 2013. ", "precise_score": -2.374331474304199, "rough_score": -3.6000287532806396, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Hartnell acted in numerous British films, as well as having many stage and television appearances, though he is most well known for his role in Doctor Who.", "precise_score": 0.8972800970077515, "rough_score": -3.5812299251556396, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series. The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot, in the form of a television film. The programme was relaunched in 2005 by Russell T Davies, who was showrunner and head writer for the first five years of its revival, produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff. The first series of the 21st century featured Christopher Eccleston in the title role and was produced by the BBC. Doctor Who also spawned spin-offs in multiple media, including Torchwood (2006–2011) and The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007–2011), both created by Russell T Davies; K-9 (2009–2010); and a single pilot episode of K-9 and Company (1981). There also have been many spoofs and cultural references to the character in other media.", "precise_score": -2.299889326095581, "rough_score": -3.855365514755249, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963. It was to be a regular weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length. Discussions and plans for the programme had been in progress for a year. The head of drama, Canadian Sydney Newman, was mainly responsible for developing the programme, with the first format document for the series being written by Newman along with the head of the script department (later head of serials) Donald Wilson and staff writer C. E. Webber. Writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert also heavily contributed to the development of the series. Newman is often given sole creator credit for the series. Some reference works such as The Complete Encyclopedia of Television Programs 1947–1979 by Vincent Terrace erroneously credit Terry Nation with creating Doctor Who, because of the way his name is credited in the two Peter Cushing films.Newman and Lambert's role in originating the series was recognised in the 2007 episode \"Human Nature\", in which the Doctor, in disguise as a human named John Smith, gives his parents' names as Sydney and Verity. The programme was originally intended to appeal to a family audience, as an educational programme using time travel as a means to explore scientific ideas and famous moments in history. On 31 July 1963 Whitaker commissioned Terry Nation to write a story under the title The Mutants. As originally written, the Daleks and Thals were the victims of an alien neutron bomb attack but Nation later dropped the aliens and made the Daleks the aggressors. When the script was presented to Newman and Wilson it was immediately rejected as the programme was not permitted to contain any \"bug-eyed monsters\". The first serial had been completed and the BBC believed it was crucial that the next one be a success, but The Mutants was the only script ready to go, so the show had little choice but to use it. According to producer Verity Lambert; \"We didn't have a lot of choice — we only had the Dalek serial to go ... We had a bit of a crisis of confidence because Donald [Wilson] was so adamant that we shouldn't make it. Had we had anything else ready we would have made that.\" Nation's script became the second Doctor Who serial – The Daleks (a.k.a. The Mutants). The serial introduced the eponymous aliens that would become the series' most popular monsters, and was responsible for the BBC's first merchandising boom. ", "precise_score": -0.4418904185295105, "rough_score": -4.061275959014893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The BBC drama department's serials division produced the programme for 26 seasons, broadcast on BBC 1. Falling viewing numbers, a decline in the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989 by Jonathan Powell, controller of BBC 1. Although (as series co-star Sophie Aldred reported in the documentary Doctor Who: More Than 30 Years in the TARDIS) it was effectively, if not formally, cancelled with the decision not to commission a planned 27th series of the show for transmission in 1990, the BBC repeatedly affirmed that the series would return.", "precise_score": -7.874541759490967, "rough_score": -4.375791549682617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989. During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or \"serial\") — usually of four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years. Notable exceptions were: The Daleks' Master Plan, which aired in 12 episodes (plus an earlier one-episode teaser, \"Mission to the Unknown\", featuring none of the regular cast ); almost an entire season of seven-episode serials (season 7); the 10-episode serial The War Games;The War Games. Writers Malcolm Hulke and Terrance Dicks, Director David Maloney, Producer Derrick Sherwin. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC One, London. 19 April 1969 – 21 June 1969. and The Trial of a Time Lord, which ran for 14 episodes (albeit divided into three production codes and four narrative segments) during season 23.The Trial of a Time Lord. Writers Robert Holmes, Philip Martin and Pip and Jane Baker, Directors Nicholas Mallett, Ron Jones and Chris Clough, Producer John Nathan-Turner. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC One, London. 6 September 1986 – 6 December 1986. Occasionally serials were loosely connected by a storyline, such as season 8 being devoted to the Doctor battling a rogue Time Lord called The Master, season 16's quest for The Key to Time, season 18's journey through E-Space and the theme of entropy, and season 20's Black Guardian Trilogy. ", "precise_score": -2.5823862552642822, "rough_score": -2.9124648571014404, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Between about 1964 and 1973, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries were either destroyed,The tapes, based on a 405-line broadcast standard, were rendered obsolete when UK television changed to a 625-line signal in preparation for the soon-to-begin colour transmissions. wiped, or suffered from poor storage which led to severe deterioration from broadcast quality. This included many old episodes of Doctor Who, mostly stories featuring the first two Doctors: William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton. In all, 97 of 253 episodes produced during the first six years of the programme are not held in the BBC's archives (most notably seasons 3, 4, & 5, from which 79 episodes are missing). In 1972, almost all episodes then made were known to exist at the BBC, while by 1978 the practice of wiping tapes and destroying \"spare\" film copies had been brought to a stop. ", "precise_score": -1.8050209283828735, "rough_score": 5.244048595428467, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The Daleks were created by writer Terry Nation (who intended them to be an allegory of the Nazis) and BBC designer Raymond Cusick. The Daleks' début in the programme's second serial, The Daleks (1963–64), made both the Daleks and Doctor Who very popular. A Dalek appeared on a postage stamp celebrating British popular culture in 1999, photographed by Lord Snowdon. In the new series, Daleks come in a range of colours; the colour denoting its role within the species. ", "precise_score": -4.792033672332764, "rough_score": -2.934683084487915, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The incidental music for the first Doctor Who adventure, An Unearthly Child, was written by Norman Kay. Many of the stories of the William Hartnell period were scored by electronic music pioneer Tristram Cary, whose Doctor Who credits include The Daleks, Marco Polo, The Daleks' Master Plan, The Gunfighters and The Mutants. Other composers in this early period included Richard Rodney Bennett, Carey Blyton and Geoffrey Burgon.", "precise_score": -1.0856605768203735, "rough_score": -2.978572130203247, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Following the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled Torchwood (an anagram of \"Doctor Who\"), set in modern-day Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006. John Barrowman reprised his role of Jack Harkness from the 2005 series of Doctor Who. Two other actresses who appeared in Doctor Who also star in the series; Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper, who also played the similarly named servant girl Gwyneth in the 2005 Doctor Who episode \"The Unquiet Dead\", and Naoko Mori who reprised her role as Toshiko Sato first seen in \"Aliens of London\". A second series of Torchwood aired in 2008; for three episodes, the cast was joined by Freema Agyeman reprising her Doctor Who role of Martha Jones. A third series was broadcast from 6 to 10 July 2009, and consisted of a single five-part story called Children of Earth which was set largely in London. A fourth series, Torchwood: Miracle Day jointly produced by BBC Wales, BBC Worldwide and the American entertainment company Starz debuted in 2011. The series was predominantly set in the United States, though Wales remained part of the show's setting.", "precise_score": -5.316170692443848, "rough_score": -4.003180980682373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 1983, coinciding with the series' 20th anniversary, a charity special titled The Five Doctors was produced in aid of Children in Need, featuring three of the first five Doctors, a new actor to replace the deceased William Hartnell, and unused footage to represent Tom Baker. This was a full-length, 90-minute film, the longest single episode of Doctor Who produced to date (the television movie ran slightly longer on broadcast where it included commercial breaks). ", "precise_score": -1.055973768234253, "rough_score": 1.4707725048065186, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies' tenure as executive producer. In 2011, Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor and in 2016, Michelle Gomez became the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series, getting a Best Supporting Actress nomination for her work as Missy. In 2013, the Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\" The programme is listed in Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world, the \"most successful\" science fiction series of all time—based on its over-all broadcast ratings, DVD and book sales, and iTunes traffic— and for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its 50th anniversary special. During its original run, it was recognised for its imaginative stories, creative low-budget special effects, and pioneering use of electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop).", "precise_score": -6.904261112213135, "rough_score": -4.920314788818359, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who (1963–1966)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.980036735534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "According to some of his colleagues on Doctor Who, he could be a difficult person to work with. Others, though, such as actors Peter Purves and William Russell, and producer Verity Lambert, spoke glowingly of him after more than forty years. Among the more caustic accounts, Nicholas Courtney, in his audio memoirs, recalled that during the recording of The Daleks' Master Plan, Hartnell mentioned that an extra on the set was Jewish, Courtney's inference being that Hartnell was prejudiced. In an interview in 2008, Courtney claimed that Hartnell \"was quite nationalist-minded, a bit intolerant of other races, I think.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.577687740325928, "source": "wiki", "title": "William Hartnell" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The majority of the BBC's commercial output comes from its commercial arm BBC Worldwide who sell programmes abroad and exploit key brands for merchandise. Of their 2012/13 sales, 27% were centred on the five key 'superbrands' of Doctor Who, Top Gear, Strictly Come Dancing (known as Dancing with the Stars internationally), the BBC's archive of natural history programming (collected under the umbrella of BBC Earth) and the, now sold, travel guide brand Lonely Planet. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.414053916931152, "source": "wiki", "title": "BBC" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "As well as the two main sites in London (Broadcasting House and White City), there are seven other important BBC production centres in the UK, mainly specialising in different productions. Broadcasting House Cardiff, has been home to BBC Cymru Wales, which specialises in drama production. Open since October 2011, and containing 7 new studios, Roath Lock is notable as the home of productions such as Doctor Who and Casualty. Broadcasting House Belfast, home to BBC Northern Ireland, specialises in original drama and comedy, and has taken part in many co-productions with independent companies and notably with RTÉ in the Republic of Ireland. BBC Scotland, based in Pacific Quay, Glasgow is a large producer of programmes for the network, including several quiz shows. In England, the larger regions also produce some programming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.9942045211792, "source": "wiki", "title": "BBC" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "BBC Red Button is the brand name for the BBC's interactive digital television services, which are available through Freeview (digital terrestrial), as well as Freesat, Sky (satellite), and Virgin Media (cable). Unlike Ceefax, the service's analogue counterpart, BBC Red Button is able to display full-colour graphics, photographs, and video, as well as programmes and can be accessed from any BBC channel. The service carries News, Weather and Sport 24 hours a day, but also provides extra features related to programmes specific at that time. Examples include viewers to play along at home to gameshows, to give, voice and vote on opinions to issues, as used alongside programmes such as Question Time. At some points in the year, when multiple sporting events occur, some coverage of less mainstream sports or games are frequently placed on the Red Button for viewers to watch. Frequently, other features are added unrelated to programmes being broadcast at that time, such as the broadcast of the Doctor Who animated episode Dreamland in November 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.698349952697754, "source": "wiki", "title": "BBC" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "BBC Worldwide also publishes books, to accompany programmes such as Doctor Who under the BBC Books brand, a publishing imprint majority owned by Random House. Soundtrack albums, talking books and sections of radio broadcasts are also sold under the brand BBC Records, with DVDs also being sold and licensed in large quantities to consumers both in the UK and abroad under the 2 Entertain brand. Archive programming and classical music recordings are sold under the brand BBC Legends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.008012771606445, "source": "wiki", "title": "BBC" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Despite the advent of commercial television and radio, the BBC has remained one of the main elements in British popular culture through its obligation to produce TV and radio programmes for mass audiences. However, the arrival of BBC2 allowed the BBC also to make programmes for minority interests in drama, documentaries, current affairs, entertainment, and sport. Examples cited include the television series Civilisation, Doctor Who, I, Claudius, Monty Python's Flying Circus, Pot Black, and Tonight, but other examples can be given in each of these fields as shown by the BBC's entries in the British Film Institute's 2000 list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The export of BBC programmes both through services like the BBC World Service and BBC World News, as well as through the channels operated by BBC Worldwide, means that audiences can consume BBC productions worldwide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.536816596984863, "source": "wiki", "title": "BBC" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Time-travel stories have antecedents in the 18th and 19th centuries. The first major time-travel novel was Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. The most famous is H. G. Wells' 1895 novel The Time Machine, which uses a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively, while Twain's time traveler is struck in the head. The term time machine, coined by Wells, is now universally used to refer to such a vehicle. Back to the Future is one of the most popular movie franchises in this category; Doctor Who is a similarly popular long-running television franchise. Stories of this type are complicated by logical problems such as the grandfather paradox, as exemplified in the classic Robert Heinlein story \"—All You Zombies—\" and the Futurama episode \"Roswell That Ends Well.\" Time travel continues to be a popular subject in modern science fiction, in print, movies, and television.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.445432662963867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Science fiction" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963. The programme depicts the adventures of the Doctor, a Time Lord—a space and time-travelling humanoid alien. He explores the universe in his TARDIS, a sentient time-travelling space ship. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired. Accompanied by companions, the Doctor combats a variety of foes, while working to save civilisations and help people in need.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.808082580566406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who follows the adventures of the primary character, a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, who simply goes by the name \"The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS – \"Time and Relative Dimension in Space\" – time machine which allows him to travel across time and space. The TARDIS has a \"chameleon circuit\" which normally allows the machine to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise. However, the Doctor's TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British Police box due to a malfunction in the chameleon circuit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03629207611084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "While in-house production had ceased, the BBC hoped to find an independent production company to relaunch the show. Philip Segal, a British expatriate who worked for Columbia Pictures' television arm in the United States, had approached the BBC about such a venture as early as July 1989, while the 26th series was still in production. Segal's negotiations eventually led to a Doctor Who television film, broadcast on the Fox Network in 1996 as a co-production between Fox, Universal Pictures, the BBC and BBC Worldwide. Although the film was successful in the UK (with 9.1 million viewers), it was less so in the United States and did not lead to a series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.895624160766602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Licensed media such as novels and audio plays provided new stories, but as a television programme Doctor Who remained dormant until 2003. In September of that year, BBC Television announced the in-house production of a new series after several years of attempts by BBC Worldwide to find backing for a feature film version. The executive producers of the new incarnation of the series were writer Russell T Davies and BBC Cymru Wales head of drama Julie Gardner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.690494537353516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who finally returned with the episode \"Rose\" on BBC One on 26 March 2005. There have since been nine further series in 2006–2008 and 2010–2015, and Christmas Day specials every year since 2005. No full series was filmed in 2009, although four additional specials starring David Tennant were made. In 2010, Steven Moffat replaced Davies as head writer and executive producer. In January 2016, Moffat announced that he would step down after the 2017 finale, to be replaced by Chris Chibnall in 2018. In addition, Series 10 will debut in Spring 2017, with a Christmas special broadcast in 2016. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9046735763549805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963–1989 seriesThis is often emphasised in the accompanying making-of documentaries in the series Doctor Who Confidential, as well as in occasional flashbacks to images of earlier versions of the Doctor. and the 1996 telefilm. This is similar to the 1988 continuation of Mission Impossible, but differs from most other series relaunches which have either been reboots (for example, Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman) or set in the same universe as the original but in a different time period and with different characters (for example, Star Trek: The Next Generation and spin-offs).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.209891319274902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\" entered British pop culture, signifying in humour the stereotypical early-series behaviour of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a television programme while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it. The phrase retains this association with Doctor Who, to the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa\". The electronic theme music too was perceived as eerie, novel, and frightening, at the time. A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtaposition of fear and thrill \"at the center of many people's relationship with the show\", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.155887603759766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence (\"any act[s] which may cause physical and/or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental\") Doctor Who was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time. The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as \"very unsuitable\" for family viewing. Responding to the findings of the survey in The Times newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that, \"to compare the violence of Dr Who, sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare, with the more realistic violence of other television series, where actors who look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood, is like comparing Monopoly with the property market in London: both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.817987442016602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay, Kent, was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine. In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' blue police box design in merchandising associated with Doctor Who. In 1998, the Metropolitan Police Authority filed an objection to the trade mark claim; but in 2002, the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.7034330368042, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The 21st century revival of the programme has become the centrepiece of BBC One's Saturday schedule, and has, \"defined the channel\". Since its return, Doctor Who has consistently received high ratings, both in number of viewers and as measured by the Appreciation Index. In 2007, Caitlin Moran, television reviewer for The Times, wrote that Doctor Who is, \"quintessential to being British\". Director Steven Spielberg has commented that, \"the world would be a poorer place without Doctor Who\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.428349494934082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "On 4 August 2013, a live programme titled Doctor Who Live: The Next Doctor was broadcast on BBC One, during which the actor who was going to play the Twelfth Doctor was revealed. The show was simultaneously broadcast in the US and Australia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.541194915771484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "However, science fiction stories came to dominate the programme and the \"historicals\", which were not popular with the production team, were dropped after The Highlanders (1967). While the show continued to use historical settings, they were generally used as a backdrop for science fiction tales, with one exception: Black Orchid set in 1920s England.Black Orchid. Writer Terence Dudley, Director Ron Jones, Producer John Nathan-Turner. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC One, London. 1 March 1982 – 2 March 1982.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.413685321807861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Of the programme's many writers, Robert Holmes was the most prolific, while Douglas Adams became the most well-known outside Doctor Who itself, due to the popularity of his Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy works. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.836498260498047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": " Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format), 45-minute episodes (for Resurrection of the Daleks in the 1984 series, a single season in 1985, and the revival), two feature-length productions (1983's The Five Doctors and the 1996 television film), eleven Christmas specials (most of 60 minutes' duration, one of 72 minutes), and four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes in 2009, 2010 and 2013. Four mini-episodes, running about eight minutes each, were also produced for the 1993, 2005 and 2007 Children in Need charity appeals, while another mini-episode was produced in 2008 for a Doctor Who-themed edition of The Proms. The 1993 2-part story, entitled Dimensions in Time, was made in collaboration with the cast of the BBC soap-opera EastEnders and was filmed partly on the EastEnders set. A two-part mini-episode was also produced for the 2011 edition of Comic Relief. Starting with the 2009 special \"Planet of the Dead\", the series was filmed in 1080i for HDTV, and broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.227471351623535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In April 2015, Steven Moffat confirmed that Doctor Who would run for at least another five years, extending the show until 2020. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.896143913269043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In addition to these, there are off-screen photographs made by photographer John Cura, who was hired by various production personnel to document many of their programmes during the 1950s and 1960s, including Doctor Who. These have been used in fan reconstructions of the serials. These amateur reconstructions have been tolerated by the BBC, provided they are not sold for profit and are distributed as low-quality VHS copies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.089985847473145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In April 2006, Blue Peter launched a challenge to find missing Doctor Who episodes with the promise of a full-scale Dalek model as a reward. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.695723533630371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The companion figure – generally a human – has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963. One of the roles of the companion is to remind the Doctor of his \"moral duty\". The Doctor's first companions seen on screen were his granddaughter Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford) and her teachers Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) and Ian Chesterton (William Russell). These characters were intended to act as audience surrogates, through which the audience would discover information about the Doctor who was to act as a mysterious father figure. The only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone is The Deadly Assassin. Notable companions from the earlier series included Romana (Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward), a Time Lady; Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen); and Jo Grant (Katy Manning). Dramatically, these characters provide a figure with whom the audience can identify, and serve to further the story by requesting exposition from the Doctor and manufacturing peril for the Doctor to resolve. The Doctor regularly gains new companions and loses old ones; sometimes they return home or find new causes — or loves — on worlds they have visited. Some have died during the course of the series. Companions are usually human, or humanoid aliens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.326988220214844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Some companions have gone on to re-appear, either in the main series or in spin-offs. Sarah Jane Smith became the central character in The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007–11) following a return to Doctor Who in 2006. Guest stars in the series included former companions Jo Grant, K9, and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart (Nicholas Courtney). The character of Jack Harkness also served to launch a spin-off, Torchwood, (2006–2011) in which Martha Jones also appeared.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.33023452758789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "When Sydney Newman commissioned the series, he specifically did not want to perpetuate the cliché of the \"bug-eyed monster\" of science fiction. However, monsters were popular with audiences and so became a staple of Doctor Who almost from the beginning.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.175040245056152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "With the show's 2005 revival, executive producer Russell T Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks in series 1, Cybermen in series 2, the Macra and the Master in series 3, the Sontarans and Davros in series 4, and the Time Lords (Rassilon) in the 2009–10 Specials. Davies' successor, Steven Moffat, has continued the trend by reviving the Silurians in series 5, Cybermats in series 6, the Great Intelligence and the Ice Warriors in Series 7, and Zygons in the 50th Anniversary Special. Since its 2005 return, the series has also introduced new recurring aliens: Slitheen (Raxacoricofallapatorian), Ood, Judoon, Weeping Angels and the Silence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.221233367919922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The Dalek race, which first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963, are Doctor Whos oldest villains. The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro, mutated by the scientist Davros and housed in mechanical armour shells for mobility. The actual creatures resemble octopi with large, pronounced brains. Their armour shells have a single eye-stalk, a sink-plunger-like device that serves the purpose of a hand, and a directed-energy weapon. Their main weakness is their eyestalk; attacks upon them using various weapons can blind a Dalek, making it go mad. Their chief role in the series plot, as they frequently remark in their instantly recognisable metallic voices, is to \"exterminate\" all non-Dalek beings. They even attack the Time Lords in the Time War, as shown during the 50th Anniversary of the show. They continue to be a recurring 'monster' within the Doctor Who franchise, their most recent appearances being in the 2015 episodes \"The Witch's Familiar\" and \"Hell Bent\". Davros has also been a recurring figure since his debut in Genesis of the Daleks, although played by several different actors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.07917594909668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies. This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating cyborgs, with emotions usually only shown when naked aggression was called for. With the demise of Mondas, they acquired Telos as their new home planet. They continue to be a recurring 'monster' within the Doctor Who franchise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.045073509216309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The Master is the Doctor's archenemy, a renegade Time Lord who desires to rule the universe. Conceived as \"Professor Moriarty to the Doctor's Sherlock Holmes\", the character first appeared in 1971. As with the Doctor, the role has been portrayed by several actors, since the Master is a Time Lord as well and able to regenerate; the first of these actors was Roger Delgado, who continued in the role until his death in 1973. The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers until Anthony Ainley took over and continued to play the character until Doctor Who's hiatus in 1989. The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who, and was played by American actor Eric Roberts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.296210289001465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The Doctor Who theme music was one of the first electronic music signature tunes for television, and after five decades remains one of the most easily recognised. It has been often called both memorable and frightening, priming the viewer for what was to follow. During the 1970s, the Radio Times, the BBC's own listings magazine, announced that a child's mother said the theme music terrified her son. The Radio Times was apologetic, but the theme music remained.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.126059532165527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "A different arrangement was recorded by Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23 (1986). Keff McCulloch provided the new arrangement for the Seventh Doctor's era which lasted from season 24 (1987) until the series' suspension in 1989. American composer John Debney created a new arrangement of Ron Grainer's original theme for Doctor Who in 1996. For the return of the series in 2005, Murray Gold provided a new arrangement which featured samples from the 1963 original with further elements added; in the 2005 Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion\", Gold introduced a modified closing credits arrangement that was used up until the conclusion of the 2007 series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.699800968170166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Versions of the \"Doctor Who Theme\" have also been released as pop music over the years. In the early 1970s, Jon Pertwee, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics, titled, \"Who Is the Doctor\".Often mistitled \"I am the Doctor\" on YouTube uploads. Originally released as a 7\" vinyl single, plain sleeve, December 1972 on label Purple PUR III In 1978 a disco version of the theme was released in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind, which reached number 24 in the UK charts. In 1988 the band The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (later known as The KLF) released the single \"Doctorin' the Tardis\" under the name The Timelords, which reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia; this version incorporated several other songs, including \"Rock and Roll Part 2\" by Gary Glitter (who recorded vocals for some of the CD-single remix versions of \"Doctorin' the Tardis\"). Others who have covered or reinterpreted the theme include Orbital, Pink Floyd, the Australian string ensemble Fourplay, New Zealand punk band Blam Blam Blam, The Pogues, Thin Lizzy, Dub Syndicate, and the comedians Bill Bailey and Mitch Benn. Both the theme and obsessive fans were satirised on The Chaser's War on Everything. The theme tune has also appeared on many compilation CDs, and has made its way into mobile-phone ringtones. Fans have also produced and distributed their own remixes of the theme. In January 2011 the Mankind version was released as a digital download on the album Gallifrey And Beyond.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.496707916259766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Most of the innovative incidental music for Doctor Who has been specially commissioned from freelance composers, although in the early years some episodes also used stock music, as well as occasional excerpts from original recordings or cover versions of songs by popular music acts such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys. Since its 2005 return, the series has featured occasional use of excerpts of pop music from the 1970s to the 2000s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.139798164367676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People. Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s, including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker periods, ending with The Horns of Nimon (1979). He also made a cameo appearance in The Talons of Weng-Chiang (as a Music hall conductor).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.382447242736816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales from the 2005 Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion\" onwards. A concert featuring the orchestra performing music from the first two series took place on 19 November 2006 to raise money for Children in Need. David Tennant hosted the event, introducing the different sections of the concert. Murray Gold and Russell T Davies answered questions during the interval and Daleks and Cybermen appeared whilst music from their stories was played. The concert aired on BBCi on Christmas Day 2006. A Doctor Who Prom was celebrated on 27 July 2008 in the Royal Albert Hall as part of the annual BBC Proms. The BBC Philharmonic and the London Philharmonic Choir performed Murray Gold's compositions for the series, conducted by Ben Foster, as well as a selection of classics based on the theme of space and time. The event was presented by Freema Agyeman and guest-presented by various other stars of the show with numerous monsters participating in the proceedings. It also featured the specially filmed mini-episode \"Music of the Spheres\", written by Russell T Davies and starring David Tennant. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.872069358825684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 2013, a 50th-anniversary boxed set of audio CDs was released featuring music and sound effects from Doctor Who’s 50-year history. The celebration continued in 2016 with the release of Doctor Who: The 50th Anniversary Collection Four LP Box Set by New York City-based Spacelab9. The company pressed 1,000 copies of the set on “Metallic Silver” vinyl, dubbed the “Cyberman Edition”. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.944058418273926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Below is a collection of current and past Doctor Who logos from the classic and current series. The different doctors have been named below the logos that have appeared during their tenure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82376480102539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor) was reused in a slightly modified format for the 50th anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor\" during the Eleventh Doctor's run. The logo used in the television movie featuring the Eighth Doctor was an updated version of the logo used for the Third Doctor. The logo from 1973–80 was used for the Third Doctor's final season and for the majority of the Fourth Doctor's tenure. The following logo, while most associated with the Fifth Doctor, was also used for the Fourth Doctor's final season. The logo used for the Ninth Doctor was slightly edited for the Tenth Doctor, but it retained the same general appearance. The logo used for the Eleventh Doctor had the \"DW\" TARDIS insignia placed to the right in 2012, but the same font remained, albeit with a slight edit to the texture every episode, with the texture relating to some aspect of the story. The logo for the Twelfth Doctor had the \"DW\" TARDIS insignia removed and the font was subtly altered, as well as made slightly larger. As of 2014, the logo used for the Third and Eighth Doctors is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors, and the current Doctor Who logo is used for all merchandise relating to the current Doctor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.189260482788086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "File:Doctor Who logo 2005 (1).svg|2005–10(Ninth Doctor and Tenth Doctor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143622398376465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "File:Doctor Who logo 2012 background.svg|2012–13(Eleventh Doctor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.017972946166992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "File:Doctor Who logo 2014.jpg|2014–present(Twelfth Doctor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.060044288635254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the first episode of Doctor Who was repeated with the second episode the following week. Doctor Who has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream BBC One channel, where it is regarded as a family show, drawing audiences of many millions of viewers; episodes are now repeated on BBC Three. The programme's popularity has waxed and waned over the decades, with three notable periods of high ratings. The first of these was the \"Dalekmania\" period (circa 1964–1965), when the popularity of the Daleks regularly brought Doctor Who ratings of between 9 and 14 million, even for stories which did not feature them. The second was the late 1970s, when Tom Baker occasionally drew audiences of over 12 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3730573654174805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who has been broadcast internationally outside of the United Kingdom since 1964, a year after the show first aired. As of 1 January 2013, the modern series has been or is currently broadcast weekly in more than 50 countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.19204330444336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who is one of the five top grossing titles for BBC Worldwide, the BBC's commercial arm. BBC Worldwide CEO John Smith has said that Doctor Who is one of a small number of \"Superbrands\" which Worldwide will promote heavily. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.766432762145996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "New Zealand was the first country outside the United Kingdom to screen Doctor Who, beginning in September 1964, and continued to screen the series for many years, including the new series from 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.193519592285156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "For the Canadian broadcast, Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions for each episode (including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest) and excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary were played over the closing credits; for the broadcast of \"The Christmas Invasion\" on 26 December 2005, Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction. CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P (20:30 in Newfoundland and Labrador), shortly after that day's CFL double header on Thanksgiving in most of the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.741045951843262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "A wide selection of serials are available from BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States. Every fully extant serial has been released on VHS, and BBC Worldwide continues to regularly release serials on DVD. The 2005 series is also available in its entirety on UMD for the PlayStation Portable. Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc and many have also been released on Betamax tape and Video 2000. One episode of Doctor Who (The Infinite Quest) was released on VCD. Only the series from 2009 onwards are available on Blu-ray, except for the 1970 story Spearhead from Space, released in July 2013. Many early releases have been re-released as special editions, with more bonus features.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.729506015777588, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who films", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198870658874512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "There are two Doctor Who feature films: Dr. Who and the Daleks, released in 1965 and Daleks – Invasion Earth: 2150 A.D. in 1966. Both are retellings of existing television stories (specifically, the first two Dalek serials, The Daleks and The Dalek Invasion of Earth respectively) with a larger budget and alterations to the series concept.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.665738105773926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Dr. Who", "passage": "In these films, Peter Cushing plays a human scientist named \"Dr. Who\", who travels with his granddaughter and niece and other companions in a time machine he has invented. The Cushing version of the character reappears in both comic strips and a short story, the latter attempting to reconcile the film continuity with that of the series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.543617248535156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In addition, several planned films were proposed, including a sequel, The Chase, loosely based on the original series story, for the Cushing Doctor, plus many attempted television movie and big screen productions to revive the original Doctor Who, after the original series was cancelled.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.52186393737793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 2011, David Yates announced that he had started work with the BBC on a Doctor Who film, a project that would take three or more years to complete. Yates indicated that the film would take a different approach to Doctor Who, although the current Doctor Who showrunner Steven Moffat stated later that any such film would not be a reboot of the series and a film should be made by the BBC team and star the current TV Doctor. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.605998992919922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday. In the late 1980s, Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker both played the Doctor at different times during the run of a play titled Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure. For two performances, while Pertwee was ill, David Banks (better known for playing Cybermen) played the Doctor. Other original plays have been staged as amateur productions, with other actors playing the Doctor, while Terry Nation wrote The Curse of the Daleks, a stage play mounted in the late 1960s, but without the Doctor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.223695755004883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Concept art for an animated Doctor Who series was produced by animation company Nelvana in the 1980s, but the series was not produced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.266191482543945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "An animated serial, The Infinite Quest, aired alongside the 2007 series of Doctor Who as part of the children's television series Totally Doctor Who. The serial featured the voices of series regulars David Tennant and Freema Agyeman but is not considered part of the 2007 series. A second animated serial, Dreamland, aired in six parts on the BBC Red Button service, and the official Doctor Who website in 2009. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.058666229248047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 1999, another special, Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS. An affectionate parody of the television series, it was split into four segments, mimicking the traditional serial format, complete with cliffhangers, and running down the same corridor several times when being chased (the version released on video was split into only two episodes). In the story, the Doctor (Rowan Atkinson) encounters both the Master (Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks. During the special the Doctor is forced to regenerate several times, with his subsequent incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley. The script was written by Steven Moffat, later to be head writer and executive producer to the revived series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.925323486328125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Since the return of Doctor Who in 2005, the franchise has produced two original \"mini-episodes\" to support Children in Need. The first, aired in November 2005, was an untitled seven-minute scene which introduced David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor. It was followed in November 2007 by \"Time Crash\", a 7-minute scene which featured the Tenth Doctor meeting the Fifth Doctor (played once again by Peter Davison).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.765986442565918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who has been satirised and spoofed on many occasions by comedians including Spike Milligan (a Dalek invades his bathroom — Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and Lenny Henry. Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series. Doctor Who fandom has also been lampooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War on Everything, Mystery Science Theater 3000, Family Guy, American Dad!, Futurama, South Park,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.21258544921875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "There have also been many references to Doctor Who in popular culture and other science fiction, including Star Trek: The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk (created by later Doctor Who executive producer Russell T. Davies), the character of Vince was portrayed as an avid Doctor Who fan, with references appearing many times throughout in the form of clips from the programme. In a similar manner, the character of Oliver on Coupling (created and written by current show runner Steven Moffat) is portrayed as a Doctor Who collector and enthusiast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.56955623626709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "References to Doctor Who have also appeared in the young adult fantasy novels Brisingr and High Wizardry, the video game Rock Band, the soap opera EastEnders, the Adult Swim comedy show Robot Chicken, the Family Guy episodes \"Blue Harvest\" and \"420\", and the game RuneScape. It has also be referenced in Destroy All Humans! 2, by civilians in the game's variation of England, and in Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.70844841003418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who has been a reference in several political cartoons, from a 1964 cartoon in the Daily Mail depicting Charles de Gaulle as a Dalek to a 2008 edition of This Modern World by Tom Tomorrow in which the Tenth Doctor informs an incredulous character from 2003 that the Democratic Party will nominate an African-American as its presidential candidate. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.130342483520508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "There have been various exhibitions of Doctor Who in the United Kingdom, including the now closed exhibitions at:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167661666870117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Since its beginnings, Doctor Who has generated hundreds of products related to the show, from toys and games to collectible picture cards and postage stamps. These include board games, card games, gamebooks, computer games, roleplaying games, action figures and a pinball game. Many games have been released that feature the Daleks, including Dalek computer games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.088454246520996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor. The first commercially available audiobook was an abridged reading of the Fourth Doctor story State of Decay in 1981. In 1988, during a hiatus in the television show, Slipback, the first radio drama, was transmitted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.923095703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Since 1999, Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors, with Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor began appearing for Big Finish in 2012. Along with the main range, adventures of the First, Second and Third Doctors have been produced in both limited cast and full cast formats, as well as audiobooks. The 2013 series Destiny of the Doctor, produced as part of the series' 50th Anniversary celebrations, marked the first time Big Finish created stories (in this case audiobooks) featuring the Doctors from the revived show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.907932281494141, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Doctor Who books have been published from the mid-sixties through to the present day. From 1965 to 1991 the books published were primarily novelised adaptations of broadcast episodes; beginning in 1991 an extensive line of original fiction was launched, the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures. Since the relaunch of the programme in 2005, a new range of novels have been published by BBC Books. Numerous non-fiction books about the series, including guidebooks and critical studies, have also been published, and a dedicated Doctor Who Magazine with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979. This is published by Panini, as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.776802062988281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "* List of Doctor Who novelisations", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.275707244873047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Numerous Doctor Who video games have been created from the mid-80s through to the present day. One of the recent ones is a match-3 game released in November 2013 for iOS, Android, Amazon App Store and Facebook called Doctor Who: Legacy. It has been constantly updated since its release and features all of the Doctors as playable characters as well as over 100 companions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.832491874694824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Another video game instalment is LEGO Dimensions – in which Doctor Who is one of the many \"Level Packs\" in the game. At the moment, the pack contains the Twelfth Doctor (who can reincarnate into the others), K9, the TARDIS and a Victorian London adventure level area. The game and pack released in November 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.074217796325684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "Since the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC, there have also been novels, comics, short stories, audio books, radio plays, interactive video games, game books, webcasts, DVD extras, and even stage performances. In this respect it is noteworthy that the BBC takes no position on the canonicity of any of such stories, and producers of the show have expressed distaste for the idea. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.607136726379395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "In 1975, Season 11 of the series won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial. In 1996, BBC television held the \"Auntie Awards\" as the culmination of their \"TV60\" series, celebrating 60 years of BBC television broadcasting, where Doctor Who was voted as the \"Best Popular Drama\" the corporation had ever produced, ahead of such ratings heavyweights as EastEnders and Casualty. In 2000, Doctor Who was ranked third in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century, produced by the British Film Institute and voted on by industry professionals. In 2005, the series came first in a survey by SFX magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (a Channel 4 countdown in 2001), the 1963–1989 run was placed at number eight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.713285446166992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series, the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated. It was very popular at the BAFTA Cymru Awards, with 25 wins overall including Best Drama Series (twice), Best Screenplay/Screenwriter (thrice) and Best Actor. It was also nominated for 7 Saturn Awards, winning the only Best International Series in the ceremony's history. In 2009, Doctor Who was voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice. The episode \"Vincent and the Doctor\" was shortlisted for a Mind Award at the 2010 Mind Mental Health Media Awards for its \"touching\" portrayal of Vincent van Gogh. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.148009300231934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "answer": "Doctor Who", "passage": "It has won the Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the oldest science fiction/fantasy award for films and series, six times (every year since 2006, except for 2009, 2013 and 2014). The winning episodes were \"The Empty Child\"/\"The Doctor Dances\" (2006), \"The Girl in the Fireplace\" (2007), \"Blink\" (2008), \"The Waters of Mars\" (2010), \"The Pandorica Opens\"/\"The Big Bang\" (2011), and \"The Doctor's Wife\" (2012). Doctor Who star Matt Smith won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards alongside Karen Gillan who won Best Actress. Doctor Who has been nominated for over 200 awards and has won over a hundred of them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.063085556030273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Doctor Who" } ]