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. friends and relatives by tended and , homes convalescent and nursing of out and in was She . deteriorate to began health her , residence up taking After . 's Andrew St. it named and , Major Edith friend her by bequeathed , England , Sussex , Storrington in maisonette a restored She . Croydon in Avenue <unk> 6 to Waldrons The 23 from moved Barker , 1961 in , and , 1960 in died mother 's Barker
Barker 's mother died in 1960 , and , in 1961 , Barker moved from 23 The Waldrons to 6 <unk> Avenue in Croydon . She restored a maisonette in Storrington , Sussex , England , bequeathed by her friend Edith Major , and named it St. Andrew 's . After taking up residence , her health began to deteriorate . She was in and out of nursing and convalescent homes , and tended by relatives and friends .
. properties Fairies Flower the acquired , 1983 since Books Penguin of division a , Warne Frederick , 1989 In . churchyard Storrington in scattered were ashes Her . maisonette 's Barker in one and Church Storrington in one – held were services funeral Two . years 77 aged , 1973 February 16 on Hospital Worthing at died Barker
Barker died at Worthing Hospital on 16 February 1973 , aged 77 years . Two funeral services were held – one in Storrington Church and one in Barker 's maisonette . Her ashes were scattered in Storrington churchyard . In 1989 , Frederick Warne , a division of Penguin Books since 1983 , acquired the Flower Fairies properties .
" . theories artistic to attention or thought real any without , me to naturally comes that way a in instinctively paint to tried always have I " , indicated once She . children interesting capturing for her with sketchbook a carried She . pastels in and , oils in , white @-@ and @-@ black in competent equally was she but , ink @-@ and @-@ pen with watercolor in principally worked Barker
Barker worked principally in watercolor with pen @-@ and @-@ ink , but she was equally competent in black @-@ and @-@ white , in oils , and in pastels . She carried a sketchbook with her for capturing interesting children . She once indicated , " I have always tried to paint instinctively in a way that comes naturally to me , without any real thought or attention to artistic theories . "
. work 's Barker influenced also Woodward B. Alice illustrator , Greenaway with Along . Tarrant Margaret , illustrator 's children to friend was and eye analytical an with flowers studied Barker . technology printing in advances to perhaps due , appearance in flat less and melancholy less are children 's Barker though , do children 's Greenaway as clothing nostalgic wear subjects child 's Barker . art her on influence an and favorite childhood a was Greenaway Kate
Kate Greenaway was a childhood favorite and an influence on her art . Barker 's child subjects wear nostalgic clothing as Greenaway 's children do , though Barker 's children are less melancholy and less flat in appearance , due perhaps to advances in printing technology . Barker studied flowers with an analytical eye and was friend to children 's illustrator , Margaret Tarrant . Along with Greenaway , illustrator Alice B. Woodward also influenced Barker 's work .
. Jones @-@ Burne Edward of " things wonderful the " and Millais Everett John of paintings early the for fondness a admitted She " . achieve could they atmosphere and feeling the and matter subject of choice the in but , sense technical any in not β€” them by influenced extent some to am I " , indicated once She . Barker on influence lifelong , strong a were Raphaelites @-@ Pre The
The Pre @-@ Raphaelites were a strong , lifelong influence on Barker . She once indicated , " I am to some extent influenced by them β€” not in any technical sense , but in the choice of subject matter and the feeling and atmosphere they could achieve . " She admitted a fondness for the early paintings of John Everett Millais and " the wonderful things " of Edward Burne @-@ Jones .
. Groundsel than successful less considered critically is and 1988 in posthumously published was It . 1953 in developed only but , Groundsel with 1943 in outlined was River Rushie to sequel a as intended , Swan the Simon . consciousness social Dickensian a suggests tonally and <unk> Mr. called man like @-@ Scrooge old an features story The . fairies the of agency the through poverty from family her rescues who Jenny named girl a of tells ) 1943 ( Necklaces and Groundsel , 1800 about Set . received well critically were , riverbank a on swans among lives who girl a about tale a , ) 1938 ( River Rushie the of Lord The and ) 1928 ( Times All for Rhymes Old own Her . ) 1920 , 1917 ( Characters Girl and Boy 's Shakespeare and , ) 1918 ( Holidays Seaside , ) 1915 ( Allies the of Children Picturesque as such publishers other and Tuck Raphael for postcards of series produced and , jackets dust , covers magazine illustrated She . organizations art various through exhibited or , events sponsored church and institutions charitable to donated , subjects the of parents the to or friends to given were children of paintings and , drawings , sketches 's Barker
Barker 's sketches , drawings , and paintings of children were given to friends or to the parents of the subjects , donated to charitable institutions and church sponsored events , or exhibited through various art organizations . She illustrated magazine covers , dust jackets , and produced series of postcards for Raphael Tuck and other publishers such as Picturesque Children of the Allies ( 1915 ) , Seaside Holidays ( 1918 ) , and Shakespeare 's Boy and Girl Characters ( 1917 , 1920 ) . Her own Old Rhymes for All Times ( 1928 ) and The Lord of the Rushie River ( 1938 ) , a tale about a girl who lives among swans on a riverbank , were critically well received . Set about 1800 , Groundsel and Necklaces ( 1943 ) tells of a girl named Jenny who rescues her family from poverty through the agency of the fairies . The story features an old Scrooge @-@ like man called Mr. <unk> and tonally suggests a Dickensian social consciousness . Simon the Swan , intended as a sequel to Rushie River was outlined in 1943 with Groundsel , but only developed in 1953 . It was published posthumously in 1988 and is critically considered less successful than Groundsel .
. exhibition 1919 November its in Gospel the of Propagation the for Society the for design cover booklet 's Barker hung Society Art Croydon The . 1926 in 0 @.@ 5 @.@ 5 β‚€ for Mary Queen by purchased was Come Has World the of Darling The called society the for design original An . 1923 in 500 @,@ 46 of printing combined a out sold designs three first the and , period year @-@ 20 a over Society Friendly ' Girls The for designed were cards Christmas . respectively 1923 in and 1916 in Knowledge Christian Promoting for Society the for cards birthday angel guardian five and postcards eight published She . life her throughout works themed @-@ religious produced and , Christian devout a was Barker
Barker was a devout Christian , and produced religious @-@ themed works throughout her life . She published eight postcards and five guardian angel birthday cards for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in 1916 and in 1923 respectively . Christmas cards were designed for The Girls ' Friendly Society over a 20 @-@ year period , and the first three designs sold out a combined printing of 46 @,@ 500 in 1923 . An original design for the society called The Darling of the World Has Come was purchased by Queen Mary for β‚€ 5 @.@ 5 @.@ 0 in 1926 . The Croydon Art Society hung Barker 's booklet cover design for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in its November 1919 exhibition .
. 1962 in , Pitlake , 's Edmund St. in installed was it , work themed @-@ religious last Her . disciples his of feet the wash to preparing Christ depicting window memorial glass stained a for designs began Barker , 1954 in sister her of death the Following . Church Methodist Norbury of Chapel Memorial the for , Tribulation Great of Out , painting oil ft. 7 x 4 the completed she , 1946 In . 1962 and 1948 in font the behind wall the for rolls baptismal designed She . Croydon South , 's Andrew St. at font baptismal the for sacraments seven the of subject the on panels oil completed she , 1941 In . work the reproduces 1929 dated photograph white @-@ and @-@ black a only and , disappeared since has Feeding The . Waddon , Chapel 's George St. for ) 1934 ( Supper Great the of Parable The and , Wales , Penarth at women destitute for home a , House Llandaff in chapel the for , ) 1929 ( Thousand Five the of Feeding The , oil in triptychs the include works religious Major . sister her with collaboration in written latter the , ) 1933 ( Me Leadeth He and ) 1929 ( Hymns of Book 's Children The include books themed @-@ Religious
Religious @-@ themed books include The Children 's Book of Hymns ( 1929 ) and He Leadeth Me ( 1933 ) , the latter written in collaboration with her sister . Major religious works include the triptychs in oil , The Feeding of the Five Thousand ( 1929 ) , for the chapel in Llandaff House , a home for destitute women at Penarth , Wales , and The Parable of the Great Supper ( 1934 ) for St. George 's Chapel , Waddon . The Feeding has since disappeared , and only a black @-@ and @-@ white photograph dated 1929 reproduces the work . In 1941 , she completed oil panels on the subject of the seven sacraments for the baptismal font at St. Andrew 's , South Croydon . She designed baptismal rolls for the wall behind the font in 1948 and 1962 . In 1946 , she completed the 4 x 7 ft. oil painting , Out of Great Tribulation , for the Memorial Chapel of Norbury Methodist Church . Following the death of her sister in 1954 , Barker began designs for a stained glass memorial window depicting Christ preparing to wash the feet of his disciples . Her last religious @-@ themed work , it was installed in St. Edmund 's , Pitlake , in 1962 .
1916 , Salmon J. ; Allies the of Children Picturesque
Picturesque Children of the Allies ; J. Salmon , 1916
1916 , Knowledge Christian of Preservation the for Society ; Mission National
National Mission ; Society for the Preservation of Christian Knowledge , 1916
1917 , Faulkner W. C. ; Characters Boy 's Shakespeare
Shakespeare 's Boy Characters ; C. W. Faulkner , 1917
1920 , Faulkner W. C. ; Characters Girl 's Shakespeare
Shakespeare 's Girl Characters ; C. W. Faulkner , 1920
1921 , 1918 , Salmon J. ; Holiday Seaside
Seaside Holiday ; J. Salmon , 1918 , 1921
1918 , Harvey S. ; Fairies and Elves
Elves and Fairies ; S. Harvey , 1918
1923 , Knowledge Christian of Preservation the for Society ; Angel Guardian
Guardian Angel ; Society for the Preservation of Christian Knowledge , 1923
1930s , 1920s , Society Friendly ' Girls ; cards Christmas
Christmas cards ; Girls ' Friendly Society , 1920s , 1930s
1930s , 1920s , Colton @-@ Barton ; ) US ( cards Christmas
Christmas cards ( US ) ; Barton @-@ Colton , 1920s , 1930s
1932 , Blackie ; Pictures Bible Beautiful
Beautiful Bible Pictures ; Blackie , 1932
1923 , Blackie ; Spring the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Spring ; Blackie , 1923
1923 , Blackie ; Music with Songs Spring
Spring Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1923
1925 , Blackie ; Summer the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Summer ; Blackie , 1925
1925 , Blackie ; ) Westcott K. M. by ( Verse and Picture in Thoughts Child
Child Thoughts in Picture and Verse ( by M. K. Westcott ) ; Blackie , 1925
1926 , Blackie ; Autumn the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Autumn ; Blackie , 1926
1926 , Blackie ; Music with Songs Summer
Summer Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1926
1927 , Blackie ; Fairies Flower the of Book The
The Book of the Flower Fairies ; Blackie , 1927
1927 , Blackie ; Music with Songs Autumn
Autumn Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1927
1928 , Blackie ; Times All for Rhymes Old
Old Rhymes for All Times ; Blackie , 1928
1933 . rep ; 1929 , Blackie ; Hymns of Book s ’ Children The
The Children ’ s Book of Hymns ; Blackie , 1929 ; rep . 1933
1929 , Blackie ; ) Barker Dorothy with collaboration in written ( Book First s ’ Darling Our
Our Darling ’ s First Book ( written in collaboration with Dorothy Barker ) ; Blackie , 1929
1933 , Blackie ; Book Hymn Picture Little The
The Little Picture Hymn Book ; Blackie , 1933
1933 , Blackie ; Old and New Rhymes
Rhymes New and Old ; Blackie , 1933
1934 , Blackie ; Alphabet Fairy Flower A
A Flower Fairy Alphabet ; Blackie , 1934
1936 , Blackie ; Rhymes Old of Book Little A
A Little Book of Old Rhymes ; Blackie , 1936
1936 , Blackie ; ) Barker Dorothy with collaboration in written ( Me Leadeth He
He Leadeth Me ( written in collaboration with Dorothy Barker ) ; Blackie , 1936
1937 , Blackie ; Old and New Rhymes of Book Little A
A Little Book of Rhymes New and Old ; Blackie , 1937
1938 , Blackie ; River Rushie the of Lord The
The Lord of the Rushie River ; Blackie , 1938
1940 , Blackie ; Trees the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Trees ; Blackie , 1940
1942 , Blackie ; Window the at In Came Spring When
When Spring Came In at the Window ; Blackie , 1942
1944 , Blackie ; ) Stevenson Louis Robert ( Verses of Garden s ’ Child A
A Child ’ s Garden of Verses ( Robert Louis Stevenson ) ; Blackie , 1944
1944 , Blackie ; Garden the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Garden ; Blackie , 1944
Necklaces Fairy as reprinted ; 1946 , Blackie ; Necklaces and Groundsel
Groundsel and Necklaces ; Blackie , 1946 ; reprinted as Fairy Necklaces
1948 , Blackie ; Wayside the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Wayside ; Blackie , 1948
1950 , Blackie ; Trees and Flowers the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Flowers and Trees ; Blackie , 1950
1954 , Macmillan ; Stories Lively
Lively Stories ; Macmillan , 1954
1955 , Blackie ; Book Picture Fairy Flower The
The Flower Fairy Picture Book ; Blackie , 1955
1957 , Macmillan ; Numbers Lively
Lively Numbers ; Macmillan , 1957
. 1961 , Macmillan ; Words Lively
Lively Words ; Macmillan , 1961 .
1970 , Gibson ; Sun the and Sea the , Sand The
The Sand , the Sea and the Sun ; Gibson , 1970
1985 , Blackie ; Winter the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Winter ; Blackie , 1985
1988 , Blackie ; Swan the Simon
Simon the Swan ; Blackie , 1988
1988 , Blackie / <unk> ; Seasons the of Fairies Flower
Flower Fairies of the Seasons ; <unk> / Blackie , 1988
1994 , Warne Frederick ; Hymns and Prayers of Book Little A
A Little Book of Prayers and Hymns ; Frederick Warne , 1994
1997 , Warne Frederick ; Treasury Fairies Flower A
A Flower Fairies Treasury ; Frederick Warne , 1997
2005 , Warne Frederick ; <unk>
<unk> ; Frederick Warne , 2005
2006 , Warne Frederick ) Quesne Le Pippa with collaboration ( ; Wish A Makes Cherry Wild
Wild Cherry Makes A Wish ; ( collaboration with Pippa Le Quesne ) Frederick Warne , 2006
2007 , Warne Frederick ; Fairies Flower find to How
How to find Flower Fairies ; Frederick Warne , 2007
2008 , Warne Frederick ; <unk> to Return
Return to <unk> ; Frederick Warne , 2008
1919 , Knowledge Christian of Preservation the for Society ; Epiphany New A
A New Epiphany ; Society for the Preservation of Christian Knowledge , 1919
1930s , 1920s , Blackie ; Annuals 43
43 Annuals ; Blackie , 1920s , 1930s
1920 ; Garden 's Cecily St.
St. Cecily 's Garden ; 1920
1922 , Pitlake , 's Edmund St. ; design roll Cradle
Cradle roll design ; St. Edmund 's , Pitlake , 1922
1923 , <unk> , 's Mary St. ; design Banner
Banner design ; St. Mary 's , <unk> , 1923
1929 ; Wales , Penarth at chapel , triptych reredos ; Thousand Five the of Feeding The
The Feeding of the Five Thousand ; reredos triptych , chapel at Penarth , Wales ; 1929
Waddon , chapel 's George St. , triptych ; Supper Great the of Parable The
The Parable of the Great Supper ; triptych , St. George 's chapel , Waddon
Croydon , 's Andrew St. , panels font baptismal ; Sacraments Seven The
The Seven Sacraments ; baptismal font panels , St. Andrew 's , Croydon
1943 , church <unk> , panel banner central ; Baptist the John St.
St. John the Baptist ; central banner panel , <unk> church , 1943
1943 , Croydon , Andrews St. , Forces the in serving woman and men of list a for mount ; shield and , sword , Lettering
Lettering , sword , and shield ; mount for a list of men and woman serving in the Forces , St. Andrews , Croydon , 1943
1962 , 1948 , Croydon , Andrews St. ; rolls <unk>
<unk> rolls ; St. Andrews , Croydon , 1948 , 1962
Croydon South , Church 's Andrew St in font The
The font in St Andrew 's Church , South Croydon
1948 , church <unk> Norbury , chapel memorial ; Tribulation Great of Out
Out of Great Tribulation ; memorial chapel , Norbury <unk> church , 1948
1962 , Pitlake , 's Edmund St. , design window glass stained ; <unk> That He As You Among Am I
I Am Among You As He That <unk> ; stained glass window design , St. Edmund 's , Pitlake , 1962
. football 's women on focusing members staff four has association football national the although , Africa across those to similar challenges faces team national a of development The . Cup World 19 @-@ under an for qualifiers regional from withdrew that side 19 @-@ under an and , qualifiers Cup World 's Women 17 @-@ U FIFA in competed has that side 17 @-@ under an , teams youth two has Gambia The . 1998 since country the in played been has football 's women organised that despite , body governing international 's sport the , FIFA by recognised match a in competed not has , however , team The . competition football international in Gambia the represents team football national 's women Gambia The
The Gambia women 's national football team represents the Gambia in international football competition . The team , however , has not competed in a match recognised by FIFA , the sport 's international governing body , despite that organised women 's football has been played in the country since 1998 . The Gambia has two youth teams , an under @-@ 17 side that has competed in FIFA U @-@ 17 Women 's World Cup qualifiers , and an under @-@ 19 side that withdrew from regional qualifiers for an under @-@ 19 World Cup . The development of a national team faces challenges similar to those across Africa , although the national football association has four staff members focusing on women 's football .
. Games Africa @-@ All 2011 the or Championship 's Women African 2010 the , Cup World 's Women the including , tournaments international and regional major in participated not has team The . match sanctioned @-@ FIFA a in played not had Gambia the month following the of as and , FIFA by unranked was team the , 2012 March of As . recognised @-@ FIFA not was game That . 2007 in game first its played only team national 's Gambia the , decades later in worldwide popularity gained sport the While . teams football national 's women had countries few , 1985 In
In 1985 , few countries had women 's national football teams . While the sport gained popularity worldwide in later decades , the Gambia 's national team only played its first game in 2007 . That game was not FIFA @-@ recognised . As of March 2012 , the team was unranked by FIFA , and as of the following month the Gambia had not played in a FIFA @-@ sanctioned match . The team has not participated in major regional and international tournaments , including the Women 's World Cup , the 2010 African Women 's Championship or the 2011 All @-@ Africa Games .
. Cup World Azerbaijan 2012 the for Gambia qualified win The . goal own Gambian a was goal only 's Tunisia . goals 's Gambia the scored Demba Awa and Tamba Adama . Tunisia in 1 @-@ 2 won and home at 0 @-@ 1 Tunisia beat then Gambia The . round final the for qualify to 3 @-@ 4 Leone Sierra beat Gambia The . Makeni in played and hours 24 for in delayed was match return The . capital 's Gambia the , Banjul in 0 @-@ 3 match first the won Gambia . tournament the for matches qualifying of pair a in Leone Sierra played first Gambia The . team the of members a as chosen were <unk> Village s ’ Children SOS the from girls Two . women young 49 of pool initial an from narrowed , players 24 of team 17 @-@ under an fielded had Gambia The . 2012 September in Azerbaijan in held be to , Cup World 17 @-@ U FIFA the for qualifiers Football African of Confederation in competed team 's women 17 @-@ under Gambia the when , 2012 until team national youth recognised @-@ FIFA a have not did country The
The country did not have a FIFA @-@ recognised youth national team until 2012 , when the Gambia under @-@ 17 women 's team competed in Confederation of African Football qualifiers for the FIFA U @-@ 17 World Cup , to be held in Azerbaijan in September 2012 . The Gambia had fielded an under @-@ 17 team of 24 players , narrowed from an initial pool of 49 young women . Two girls from the SOS Children ’ s Village <unk> were chosen as a members of the team . The Gambia first played Sierra Leone in a pair of qualifying matches for the tournament . Gambia won the first match 3 @-@ 0 in Banjul , the Gambia 's capital . The return match was delayed in for 24 hours and played in Makeni . The Gambia beat Sierra Leone 4 @-@ 3 to qualify for the final round . The Gambia then beat Tunisia 1 @-@ 0 at home and won 2 @-@ 1 in Tunisia . Adama Tamba and Awa Demba scored the Gambia 's goals . Tunisia 's only goal was a Gambian own goal . The win qualified Gambia for the 2012 Azerbaijan World Cup .
. competition the from withdrew team the but , Morocco against was match first 's Gambia The . 2002 in Championship 19 @-@ U 's Women African the in play to was that team 19 @-@ under an has also Gambia The
The Gambia also has an under @-@ 19 team that was to play in the African Women 's U @-@ 19 Championship in 2002 . The Gambia 's first match was against Morocco , but the team withdrew from the competition .
. States United the or Europe in opportunity greater seek to continent the leave footballers women Many . players football of retention the is challenge Another . associations football national not and FIFA from comes assistance financial most where , Africa in game the impacting issue another is Funding . women targeting abuses rights human and inequalities , women amongst poverty , education to access limited including , challenges several faces Africa in football 's women of development The
The development of women 's football in Africa faces several challenges , including limited access to education , poverty amongst women , inequalities and human rights abuses targeting women . Funding is another issue impacting the game in Africa , where most financial assistance comes from FIFA and not national football associations . Another challenge is the retention of football players . Many women footballers leave the continent to seek greater opportunity in Europe or the United States .
. charter 's association the by required is board the on women of representation and , Association Football Gambia the in football 's women to dedicated staffers four are There . 2009 by levels scholastic and national the both on active was Competition . women for football on course education an started FIFA year same the , 2007 in launched was competition national A . 1998 in system organized an in played first was and , country the in sport 's women popular most the is Football . 1968 in FIFA with affiliated became and , 1952 in founded was association football national 's Gambia
Gambia 's national football association was founded in 1952 , and became affiliated with FIFA in 1968 . Football is the most popular women 's sport in the country , and was first played in an organized system in 1998 . A national competition was launched in 2007 , the same year FIFA started an education course on football for women . Competition was active on both the national and scholastic levels by 2009 . There are four staffers dedicated to women 's football in the Gambia Football Association , and representation of women on the board is required by the association 's charter .
. maskrays other like patterned ornately not is it , genus its to common eyes its across pattern like @-@ mask dark the possesses species this While . smooth is skin the otherwise but , tail the of base the and back the on thorns of rows short are There . below and above folds fin and bands white and black alternating has tail like @-@ whip , short Its . disc fin pectoral green grayish , shaped @-@ diamond a has species this , width in ) in 4 @.@ 9 ( cm 24 Reaching . Australia northern off habitats bottomed @-@ soft , shallow in found is It . Dasyatidae family the in stingray of species a is ) annotata Neotrygon ( stingray brown or maskray plain The
The plain maskray or brown stingray ( Neotrygon annotata ) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae . It is found in shallow , soft @-@ bottomed habitats off northern Australia . Reaching 24 cm ( 9 @.@ 4 in ) in width , this species has a diamond @-@ shaped , grayish green pectoral fin disc . Its short , whip @-@ like tail has alternating black and white bands and fin folds above and below . There are short rows of thorns on the back and the base of the tail , but otherwise the skin is smooth . While this species possesses the dark mask @-@ like pattern across its eyes common to its genus , it is not ornately patterned like other maskrays .
. Threatened Near as it listed has ) IUCN ( Nature of Conservation for Union International the , fecundity low and distribution limited a has also it As . build gracile its to due maskrays other than withstand to able less be to thought is it which , trawls bottom in incidentally caught is but value economic lacks species This . ) " milk uterine " ( histotroph via gestation during nourished are that young two or one of litters producing females with , viviparous is It . fishes bony small on extent lesser a to and , worms polychaete and shrimp caridean on mainly feeds maskray plain the , nature in Benthic
Benthic in nature , the plain maskray feeds mainly on caridean shrimp and polychaete worms , and to a lesser extent on small bony fishes . It is viviparous , with females producing litters of one or two young that are nourished during gestation via histotroph ( " uterine milk " ) . This species lacks economic value but is caught incidentally in bottom trawls , which it is thought to be less able to withstand than other maskrays due to its gracile build . As it also has a limited distribution and low fecundity , the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) has listed it as Near Threatened .
. evidence phylogenetic molecular and morphological of basis the on , Neotrygon as genus full of rank the to group kuhlii the elevated White William and Last , 2008 In . ) kuhlii Dasyatis then ( stingray bluespotted the included also that group species " maskray " the to belonged it that noting , Dasyatis genus the in species the placed tentatively Last . designated also were paratypes several ; Australia Western off caught , across ) in 3 @.@ 8 ( cm 2 @.@ 21 male a is holotype The . coloration 's ray the to refers and , ) " marked " ( <unk> and ) " not " ( an Latin the from comes <unk> name specific The . Victoria of Museum National the of Memoirs of issue 1987 a in Last Peter researcher ) CSIRO ( Organisation Research Industrial and Scientific Commonwealth by authored was maskray plain the of description scientific first The
The first scientific description of the plain maskray was authored by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO ) researcher Peter Last in a 1987 issue of Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria . The specific name <unk> comes from the Latin an ( " not " ) and <unk> ( " marked " ) , and refers to the ray 's coloration . The holotype is a male 21 @.@ 2 cm ( 8 @.@ 3 in ) across , caught off Western Australia ; several paratypes were also designated . Last tentatively placed the species in the genus Dasyatis , noting that it belonged to the " maskray " species group that also included the bluespotted stingray ( then Dasyatis kuhlii ) . In 2008 , Last and William White elevated the kuhlii group to the rank of full genus as Neotrygon , on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence .
. changes coastline by population ancestral the of splitting the likely was event precipitating the ; Ma 9 @.@ 4 ~ diverged have to estimated were species putative two The . complex species cryptic a is annotata N. that suggesting , clades distinct genetically two into sorted study the in sequenced individuals the , Furthermore . Ma 54 ~ occurred have to estimated was lineage annotata N. the of divergence The . Neotrygon of members basal most the be to found were ) <unk> N. ( maskray Ningaloo the and maskray plain the , DNA nuclear and mitochondrial on based analysis phylogenetic 2012 a In
In a 2012 phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA , the plain maskray and the Ningaloo maskray ( N. <unk> ) were found to be the most basal members of Neotrygon . The divergence of the N. annotata lineage was estimated to have occurred ~ 54 Ma . Furthermore , the individuals sequenced in the study sorted into two genetically distinct clades , suggesting that N. annotata is a cryptic species complex . The two putative species were estimated to have diverged ~ 4 @.@ 9 Ma ; the precipitating event was likely the splitting of the ancestral population by coastline changes .
. pointed and large fairly are fins pelvic The . slits gill of pairs five are There . mouth the of outside the around found also are papillae Small . floor the on papillae slender two contains and corners the at furrows prominent bears mouth small The . them between skin of flap shaped @-@ skirt a have and elongated are nostrils The . spiracles the are them behind and , together close placed are eyes small The . snout the of tip pointed the to angle broad a at converge and concave gently are disc the of margins leading The . wide than longer times 3 @.@ 1 – 1 @.@ 1 measuring , corners outer rounded narrowly with shaped @-@ diamond and thin is maskray plain the of disc fin pectoral The
The pectoral fin disc of the plain maskray is thin and diamond @-@ shaped with narrowly rounded outer corners , measuring 1 @.@ 1 – 1 @.@ 3 times longer than wide . The leading margins of the disc are gently concave and converge at a broad angle to the pointed tip of the snout . The small eyes are placed close together , and behind them are the spiracles . The nostrils are elongated and have a skirt @-@ shaped flap of skin between them . The small mouth bears prominent furrows at the corners and contains two slender papillae on the floor . Small papillae are also found around the outside of the mouth . There are five pairs of gill slits . The pelvic fins are fairly large and pointed .
. long ) in 18 ( cm 45 and across ) in 4 @.@ 9 ( cm 24 to grows species This . color in grayish light is fold fin ventral the and white plain is underside The . tip the at black with ending , width variable of bands white and black alternating has stings the behind tail The . spiracles the behind blotches dark small of pair a and eyes the around shape like @-@ mask dark a is there ; margins disc the towards pinkish becoming , green grayish is coloration dorsal The . stings the before thorns 4 – 0 of row another and , spiracles the behind present is thorns spaced closely , small 13 – 4 of row midline a ; denticles dermal lacks body the of Most . fold fin dorsal lower , shorter much a and fold fin ventral long a bears and slender becomes tail the , stings the After . spines stinging two usually to leading base flattened and broad a has and , intact when disc the of length the exceeding barely , short is tail The
The tail is short , barely exceeding the length of the disc when intact , and has a broad and flattened base leading to usually two stinging spines . After the stings , the tail becomes slender and bears a long ventral fin fold and a much shorter , lower dorsal fin fold . Most of the body lacks dermal denticles ; a midline row of 4 – 13 small , closely spaced thorns is present behind the spiracles , and another row of 0 – 4 thorns before the stings . The dorsal coloration is grayish green , becoming pinkish towards the disc margins ; there is a dark mask @-@ like shape around the eyes and a pair of small dark blotches behind the spiracles . The tail behind the stings has alternating black and white bands of variable width , ending with black at the tip . The underside is plain white and the ventral fin fold is light grayish in color . This species grows to 24 cm ( 9 @.@ 4 in ) across and 45 cm ( 18 in ) long .
. range its in maskrays other than shore from away farther found be to tends and , deep ) ft 203 and 39 ( m 62 and 12 between from recorded been has It . sediment fine with habitats prefers that dweller @-@ bottom a is species This . region the to native species maskray several the of common least the is It . Guinea New Papua southern to extends range its that reports unsubstantiated are There . Seas Arafura and Timor the and Carpentaria of Gulf the including , Australia Western in Archipelago Bonaparte the to Queensland in Islands Wellesley the from Australia northern of shelf continental the inhabits maskray plain The
The plain maskray inhabits the continental shelf of northern Australia from the Wellesley Islands in Queensland to the Bonaparte Archipelago in Western Australia , including the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Timor and Arafura Seas . There are unsubstantiated reports that its range extends to southern Papua New Guinea . It is the least common of the several maskray species native to the region . This species is a bottom @-@ dweller that prefers habitats with fine sediment . It has been recorded from between 12 and 62 m ( 39 and 203 ft ) deep , and tends to be found farther away from shore than other maskrays in its range .
. <unk> Acanthobothrium tapeworm the by parasitized is species This . rays smaller to compared when worms polychaete more relatively and prey of variety greater a consume rays Larger . amphipod or prawn penaeid occasional the with along , eaten also are fishes bony Small . worms polychaete and shrimp caridean of predominantly consists diet Its . prey for digging than rather , substrate bottom the of surface the at hunts generally maskray plain The
The plain maskray generally hunts at the surface of the bottom substrate , rather than digging for prey . Its diet consists predominantly of caridean shrimp and polychaete worms . Small bony fishes are also eaten , along with the occasional penaeid prawn or amphipod . Larger rays consume a greater variety of prey and relatively more polychaete worms when compared to smaller rays . This species is parasitized by the tapeworm Acanthobothrium <unk> .
. females for years 13 and males for years 9 be to estimated is lifespan maximum The . respectively ) in 5 @.@ 7 – 1 @.@ 7 ( cm 19 – 18 and ) in 3 @.@ 8 – 9 @.@ 7 ( cm 21 – 20 of widths disc at maturity sexual reach females and Males . across ) in 5 @.@ 5 – 7 @.@ 4 ( cm 14 – 12 measure newborns the ; two or one is size Litter . left the on , uterus and ovary functional single a have females Mature . mother the by produced ) " milk uterine " ( histotroph by term to sustained embryos developing the with viviparous is maskray plain the , stingrays other Like
Like other stingrays , the plain maskray is viviparous with the developing embryos sustained to term by histotroph ( " uterine milk " ) produced by the mother . Mature females have a single functional ovary and uterus , on the left . Litter size is one or two ; the newborns measure 12 – 14 cm ( 4 @.@ 7 – 5 @.@ 5 in ) across . Males and females reach sexual maturity at disc widths of 20 – 21 cm ( 7 @.@ 9 – 8 @.@ 3 in ) and 18 – 19 cm ( 7 @.@ 1 – 7 @.@ 5 in ) respectively . The maximum lifespan is estimated to be 9 years for males and 13 years for females .
. ) IUCN ( Nature of Conservation for Union International the by Threatened Near as assessed being its in resulted have , rate reproductive low and distribution limited 's maskray plain the with coupled , factors These . 1990 to 1959 from Australia northern off intensively fished that trawlers Taiwanese and , Chinese , Japanese by affected negatively been have also may species this , Historically . gear trawling with encounters survive to unlikely thus is and maskrays other than bodied @-@ delicate more is it , caught when discarded is species this Although . range its throughout operates which , Fishery Prawn Northern 's Australia by caused mostly is this , day present the In . fisheries trawl bottom commercial by capture incidental is maskray plain the to threat conservation main The
The main conservation threat to the plain maskray is incidental capture by commercial bottom trawl fisheries . In the present day , this is mostly caused by Australia 's Northern Prawn Fishery , which operates throughout its range . Although this species is discarded when caught , it is more delicate @-@ bodied than other maskrays and is thus unlikely to survive encounters with trawling gear . Historically , this species may also have been negatively affected by Japanese , Chinese , and Taiwanese trawlers that fished intensively off northern Australia from 1959 to 1990 . These factors , coupled with the plain maskray 's limited distribution and low reproductive rate , have resulted in its being assessed as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) .
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The 2011 – 12 Columbus Blue Jackets season was the team 's 12th season in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Blue Jackets ' record of 29 – 46 – 7 [ note 1 ] was the worst record in the NHL for 2011 – 12 and the first time in franchise history they finished in last place . It also marked the third straight year that they missed the playoffs . Consequently , they had the best chance to receive the first overall selection in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft lottery , but lost out to the Edmonton Oilers and received the second pick instead .
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The Blue Jackets began the year with the worst start in franchise history and the worst by any team in an NHL season in 19 years . After an 11 – 25 – 5 start , Head Coach Scott Arniel was fired and replaced by Assistant Coach Todd Richards . The poor season prompted several personnel changes including the trade of All @-@ Star forward Jeff Carter , who was acquired with much fanfare during the off @-@ season . With the prospect of another rebuild looming the Blue Jackets ' captain and best player , Rick Nash , requested to be traded , though he would remain with the team for the entire season .
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The team was involved in a controversial loss to the Los Angeles Kings , when the Staples Center clock appeared to freeze at 1 @.@ 8 seconds allowing the Kings time to score the tying goal , before winning in overtime . During the season Columbus managed only two winning streaks of three or more games . One of which came towards the end of the year helping the Blue Jackets finish with 65 points , the third worst point total in franchise history .
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In the off @-@ season the Blue Jackets ' approach to building their team changed , moving from a team of young developing players into one with established players . The first deal General Manager Scott Howson made was the acquisition of All @-@ Star forward Jeff Carter on June 23 , 2011 . The deal sent Jakub <unk> , Columbus ' first @-@ round draft choice , the eighth overall , and their third @-@ round pick in the 2011 Draft to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Carter . The trade received a positive response in Columbus from fans and management who felt they finally had a number one center to play alongside of their best player , Rick Nash . Next , they traded for the negotiating rights of soon to be free agent James Wisniewski . Wisniewski scored a career high 51 points during the 2010 – 11 season , splitting time between the New York Islanders and Montreal Canadiens . The point total was fifth @-@ highest in the league for defenseman scoring , tying Tobias <unk> . The Blue Jackets came to terms with Wisniewski , just an hour prior to the start of free agency , signing him to a six @-@ year , $ 33 million deal .
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Columbus also traded former first round draft pick Nikita Filatov to the Ottawa Senators for a third @-@ round pick in the 2011 Draft . Filatov had failed to live up to expectations in Columbus , playing in only 44 games over three seasons scoring six goals . Prior to the start of the season , the Blue Jackets were questioned for not signing a veteran back @-@ up to starting goaltender Steve Mason , as the former Calder Memorial Trophy winner had struggled in consecutive seasons . The Blue Jackets signed Mark <unk> as the back @-@ up who had only 50 minutes of NHL experience prior to the start of the season . Columbus did sign a veteran Curtis Sanford to be their third string goaltender and to start for their American Hockey League ( AHL ) affiliate , the Springfield Falcons . Sanford had not played in the NHL since 2009 . During training camp , <unk> suffered a high ankle sprain that was expected to keep him out of the line @-@ up for a month . Additionally , Sanford suffered a groin injury , leaving Allen York as the back @-@ up . York had only played four professional games , all in the AHL , entering the season .
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After the first five games , all losses , Jeff Carter suffered a broken foot that kept him out of the line @-@ up for 10 games . While Carter was injured , the Blue Jackets continued to lose games . In the eighth game of the year , they had a chance to end the losing streak against the Ottawa Senators . Columbus held a 3 – 2 lead with under a minute to play . Jason Spezza tied the game on a late power play , and with just 4 @.@ 7 seconds remaining , Milan Michalek notched the winning goal for the Senators . The loss helped set a franchise record for futility with a 0 – 7 – 1 record to start a season . [ note 1 ] The losing streak came to an end three days later with a win over the Detroit Red Wings . During the game , several milestones were reached . James Wisniewski made his Columbus debut , Ryan Johansen and John Moore scored their first career NHL goals and Grant <unk> had a career @-@ high three assists . Columbus was unable to create any momentum from the win , however , and continued to struggle , culminating in a 2 – 12 – 1 record , which was the worst start to an NHL season for any team in 19 years . With the team struggling , management attempted to " shake things up " by making some roster moves . The first move was the acquisition of center Mark <unk> from the Pittsburgh Penguins . Next , they traded defenseman Kris Russell to the St. Louis Blues for Nikita Nikitin . As the clubs slow start continued , there were rumors that Head Coach Scott Arniel would be fired and replaced with Ken Hitchcock . Hitchcock had previously coached the Blue Jackets to their only playoff appearance in club history and was still under contract with the franchise through to the end of the season . Before any of these rumors came to fruition , the St. Louis Blues asked Columbus for permission to hire Hitchcock , which the Blue Jackets allowed . Hitchcock began his Blues coaching career with a 6 – 1 – 2 record in his first nine games , while Columbus amassed a 6 – 13 – 3 record to start the season .
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During the same time frame as the Hitchcock rumors , goaltender Curtis Sanford returned from his groin injury on November 13 . He made his first start of the season against the Boston Bruins , losing 2 – 1 in a shootout . Sanford continued his strong play , posting a 3 – 1 – 2 record , 1 @.@ 38 goals against average and <unk> save percentage over his next six games . Sanford started 12 consecutive games before Steve Mason made his next start . The number of starts might not have been as numerous , but prior to the November 23 game , Mason was hit in the head by a shot from Rick Nash during pre @-@ game warm @-@ ups and suffered a concussion . Mason returned from his concussion after two games , making a start against the Vancouver Canucks . Mason allowed only one goal in the game despite suffering from cramping in the third period , temporarily being replaced by Sanford for just over three minutes . Columbus won the game 2 – 1 in a shootout , breaking a nine @-@ game losing streak to the Canucks . After the game , Arniel stated that Sanford was still seen as the team 's number one goaltender . However , Mason started four of the next six games with the Blue Jackets going 0 – 5 – 1 during that stretch .
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With the losing continuing , more rumors began to surface . Unlike before , the rumors were about player moves rather than coaching changes . The majority of rumors were that the Blue Jackets would trade Rick Nash . While Howson stated that he had never brought up trading Nash in discussions , other teams had inquired about his availability . Nash stated that if Columbus felt it would make the franchise better than he would be willing to waive his no @-@ trade clause . Howson publicly stated that he had no intention of trading Nash . More rumors came to light when reports attributed to RΓ©seau des sports stated that Carter was unhappy in Columbus and demanded a trade . Howson , Carter and his agent all denied that a trade request was ever made , and they were unsure where the reports were coming from . With the trade deadline approaching , speculation picked up on the Blue Jackets trading Carter . Reports were that Columbus was trying to trade Carter and that he was " 100 percent available . "
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At the halfway point of the season , with the Blue Jackets barely into double digit wins with an 11 – 25 – 5 record , worst in the league , and sitting 20 points out of playoff position , Columbus fired Arniel . He was replaced by Assistant Coach Todd Richards on an interim basis . Richards had previously coached the Minnesota Wild . He recorded his first coaching victory for the Blue Jackets in his second game , a 4 – 3 win over the Phoenix Coyotes . The change in coaching did not change the fortunes of the team , as they reached the All @-@ Star break with a 13 – 30 – 6 record . At the break , Blue Jackets ' owner John P. McConnell sent out a letter to fans stating his understanding of their frustration . He added that action would be taken around the trade deadline , the Entry Draft and free agency to take the team in a new direction . When speaking of the season , McConnell stated " disappointing is not a strong enough word " and that he was committed to giving fans a team of which they can be proud of . He also thanked them for their dedication and passion , while reiterating that the team goal was to " win consistently and compete for the Stanley Cup . " Days later , a 250 @-@ person protest occurred outside of Nationwide Arena . Fans were upset with the Blue Jackets ' management and were calling for changes at the top . The same day the fans protested , it was announced that the franchise would host the 2013 All @-@ Star Game . Columbus was without a representative for the 2012 All @-@ star Game , but Ryan Johansen represented the club as a rookie participant in the Super Skills Competition . In the competition , Johansen participated in the Allstate Insurance NHL Breakaway Challenge , a shootout themed event judged by the fans . He received just 1 % of the vote and finished last .
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Following the break , the Blue Jackets were on the road playing the Los Angeles Kings , and with the score tied late in the game , Kings ' defenseman Drew Doughty scored with just 0 @.@ 4 seconds remaining to win the game . Upon review of the goal it , was determined that the clock at Staples Center froze at 1 @.@ 8 seconds for over a full second , which would have resulted in time expiring prior to the goal being scored . Kings ' General Manager Dean Lombardi stated that the clock was correct and no extra time had been added due to the way the clock self @-@ corrects at various times . Howson stated on the team 's blog that " It is an amazing coincidence that with the Kings on a power play at Staples Center and with a mad scramble around our net in the dying seconds of the third period of a 2 – 2 hockey game that the clock stopped for at least one full second , " adding that , " Either there was a deliberate stopping of the clock or the clock malfunctioned . " NHL Senior Vice President of Hockey Operations Colin Campbell stated that the Blue Jackets were wronged , but that the outcome of the game could not be changed , and that the delay was not noticed by the off @-@ ice officials or the situation room in Toronto . To determine the true cause of the clock pause , the NHL launched an investigation , talking with the clock 's manufacturer and interviewing Staples Center staff .
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Two weeks prior to the NHL trade deadline , Columbus announced that unlike earlier in the season , they would listen to trade proposals involving Rick Nash , though they were not actively shopping him . Howson stated that the team was open to all options for improving the team , including trading Nash . Speculation was that in return for Nash the Blue Jackets would ask for a " combination of young , proven players , high @-@ end prospects and draft picks . " Leading up to the trade deadline , the Blue Jackets dealt Antoine <unk> to the Phoenix Coyotes for two draft picks and goaltender Curtis McElhinney . Despite being injured at the time , the acquisition of McElhinney was believed to give Columbus the flexibility to trade Curtis Sanford . The following day , on February 23 , Columbus traded Jeff Carter to the Kings . In the deal , Columbus acquired defenseman Jack Johnson and a first @-@ round draft pick ; the team was given the choice of taking the pick in either 2012 or 2013 . At the deadline , Columbus was unable to come to terms on a deal involving Nash , but they did make one more move ; they sent center Samuel Pahlsson to the Vancouver Canucks in exchange for two fourth @-@ round draft picks and minor league defenseman Taylor Ellington . Following the trade deadline , Howson announced that the team had attempted to trade Nash at the player 's request . Nash stated that he had requested the trade after being informed that the franchise was going into another rebuilding phase . He further noted that he felt that he " could be a huge part of that towards bringing assets in , " and in his view " it was the best thing for the team , the organization , and personally for [ his ] career . " After the personnel changes , the Blue Jackets closed out the month with a three @-@ game losing streak .
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Columbus started March with a 2 – 0 shutout against the Colorado Avalanche . They proceeded to win their next game against the Phoenix Coyotes 5 – 2 , which marked the first time that the Blue Jackets posted back @-@ to @-@ back regulation victories during the season . Columbus again defeated the Coyotes three days later to earn their first three @-@ game win streak of the season . They extended the streak to four with a win over the Los Angeles Kings before it came to an end with a 4 – 1 loss to the St. Louis Blues . It was the only four @-@ game win streak of the season for the Blue Jackets . They immediately matched their four @-@ game win streak with a four @-@ game losing streak and with ten games remaining , the Blue Jackets were the first team eliminated from playoff contention . Shortly after being eliminated , they were defeated by the Edmonton Oilers 6 – 3 ; the loss clinched last place in the NHL for Columbus . It was the first time in franchise history the Blue Jackets finished in 30th place .
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Three days later , on March 28 , goaltender Steve Mason was injured in the morning skate when a shot from Colton Gillies hit him in the mask . With Sanford again injured , York made an emergency start . Playing against the Detroit Red Wings , York made 29 saves , including 17 in the third period , helping Columbus to a 4 – 2 victory and giving York his first career NHL win . York remained the starter and led the Blue Jackets to a second three @-@ game winning streak . In his fourth start , Columbus was shutout by the Coyotes despite a franchise @-@ record 54 shots on goal , losing 2 – 0 . The 54 saves by Phoenix goaltender Mike Smith set an NHL record for a regulation shutout . Mason returned to the starter 's role for the final two games , winning both . The two victories gave Columbus 65 points for the year , their third @-@ lowest total in franchise history .