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02fb43494d0b40ff952a2b176dcd281973439e68 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02fb43494d0b40ff952a2b176dcd281973439e68 | Regiochemistry of Nitroso Hetero Diels-Alder Reactions, Catechol Siderophore Analogues for Surface Wet Adhesion, and an Inquiry-Based Synthetic Organic Laboratory Course | Author(s): Lewis, Robert Bradley | Advisor(s): Butler, Alison; Read de Alaniz, Javier | Abstract: Carbon-nitrogen bonds are prevalent in a wide range of natural products and biologically active molecules. The availability of efficient methods for the construction of these bonds and means of controlling their regio- and stereochemistry is therefore of great interest to the synthetic community. The nitroso hetero Diels-Alder reactions offers a way to simultaneously generate carbon-nitrogen and carbon-oxygen bonds with high regio- and stereoselectivity. However, there is little experimental evidence to support computational models for the prediction of regioselectivity in the reaction of 2-substituted dienes with nitrosocarbonyl compounds.A study of the reactivity of 2-substituted 1,3-butadienes with nitrosocarbonyl compounds in the 4+2 cycloaddition has been carried out showing that the regioselectivity involves a delicate balance of steric and electronic effects. 2-Aryl 1,3-butadienes favor the distal isomer with the magnitude of preference ranging from 4:1 to 15:1 depending on the electronic nature of the aryl substituent and the nitrosocarbonyl group. However, sterics can override the observed electronic preference and form the proximal isomer preferentially. The results obtained, together with previous theoretical calculations and experimental data, provide further data to aid in synthetic planning.Small molecule and polymeric adhesives offer a wide range of potential applications, especially in the biomedical field. In this and other application areas, the hydration layers that form at surfaces in saline solutions severely limit the ability of adhesives to form strong surface interactions that lead to adhesion. However, marine mussels regularly adhere to surfaces in wet saline conditions with a suite of specialized mussel foot proteins (mfps). These proteins rely on the intramolecular catechol-cation synergy of amino acid residues to evict the hydration layer and bond to the underlying surface. A recent theory speculates that the molecular mechanics of detachment also contribute to the synergy enhanced adhesion.This work focuses on the use of small molecule siderophore-based mfp-mimics to further probe the observed intramolecular catechol-cation synergy. Systematically varying the spacing between the catechol and cation groups in the adhesive molecules reveals that the synergy between catechol and lysine remains effective in promoting adhesion even when the moieties are separated by one or two glycine amino acids. The results also provide evidence that the detachment sequence of catechol and lysine in mussel-inspired adhesives do not contribute significantly to the observed synergy between these moieties. This research clarifies the understanding of mussel adhesion and provides information that will inform the design of synthetic mussel-inspired adhesives.Laboratory activities have the potential for a large impact on student learning and the development of skills vital to becoming a competent scientist. Traditional or expository teaching laboratories have received their fair share of criticism for not meeting this potential fully. There is a growing call for the departure from traditional laboratory activities and the adoption of more inquiry based instruction. In this work, a course is described where students are engaged in an inquiry-based quarter-long research project to synthesize a known pharmaceutical target. Students use literature search engines, such as Reaxys and SciFinder, and the primary chemical literature as resources to plan and perform the synthesis of their pharmaceutical target. This course provides students with a simulated research experience in which they develop critical thinking, problem solving, and data analysis skills, along with a greater appreciation of the processes of science. | 2,018 | 0 | null | [
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02fdf17672224f9fa0363d90b5c455d78a406175 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02fdf17672224f9fa0363d90b5c455d78a406175 | A facile, one-pot synthesis of ultra-long nanoparticle-chained polyaniline wires | Ultra-long nanoparticle-chained polyaniline wires (NPWs) including one-dimensional (1D) Au nanoparticle (NP) chains were synthesized by a one-pot assembly process in water interfaced with a high-density aniline solution. The NPWs exhibited polarization-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering along the long axis, which was explained by the field enhancement effect by the embedded Au NP chains. Furthermore, the NPW-based devices exhibited a bistability in their electrical transport properties, which was attributed to charge trapping by the embedded Au NPs. This method allows us to mass-produce NPWs, which should have potential for various optoelectronic applications. | 2,011 | 3 | null | [
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},
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"name": "Ki-Seok Jeon"
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] | null | null | 401 |
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0301a21054b1de188e6f3ee790ea04688de5d7d2 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0301a21054b1de188e6f3ee790ea04688de5d7d2 | OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TiO2-Ge NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS OBTAINED BY REACTIVE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING | Optical properties of TiO2 include a wide band gap, high transparency in the visible spectrum and a high refractive index over a wide spectral range (from ultraviolet to the far infrared). Nanocrystalline titania (TiO2) is also a promising semiconductor for applications based on its photoconductivity. The reported optical gap of TiO2 is in the range of 3-3.6 eV [16-19] corresponding to the ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum. The titania-germanium (TiO2-Ge) nanocomposites, defined as a TiO2 matrix which include a rather uniform distribution of Ge nanodots, has recently risen as an alternative solution in the solar cells [20]. Applications TiO2–Ge nanostructures have a great advantage because their synthesis is relatively cheap and they offer the promise of high efficiency for solar photon conversion. For their synthesis, the reactive magnetron sputtering technique is commonly used. Today the TiO2 is widely used as dye sensitized, but the TiO2–Ge nanocomposite could also represent a good alternative [21]. However, the charge , National Institute of Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor Street, Magurele 077125, Romania | 2,011 | 15 | null | [
{
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0301db315c5a4db61d5a24576e965d293302c911 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0301db315c5a4db61d5a24576e965d293302c911 | Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Light-Insensitive Silver(I) Cyanoximates | The reaction between AgNO3 and ML [M = K+, Na+; L = anion of the deprotonated cyanoxime – 39 of these anions are known, but only twelve form light-stable silver(I) complexes] at room temperature in aqueous solutions leads to sparingly soluble, colored AgL in high yield. All twelve of the known Ag complexes were characterized by using a variety of spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray analysis, which revealed the formation of coordination polymers of various complexities. The silver(I) compounds demonstrate a very significant (for multiple years!) stability towards visible light. There are three areas of potential practical applications of these unusual complexes: (1) detectors of UV radiation that do not require electric feed, (2) non-electrical indicators for gases of industrial importance, (3) antimicrobial additives to light-curable acrylate polymeric glues, fillers, and adhesives used during the introduction of indwelling medical devices. The chemical, structural, technological, and biological aspects of the application of coordination polymers based on AgI cyanoximates are reviewed. | 2,014 | 16 | null | [
{
"authorId": "14095467",
"name": "N. Gerasimchuk"
}
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0304d742eab14e4dba2bd56a05e1a866ba605644 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0304d742eab14e4dba2bd56a05e1a866ba605644 | THERMAL, PHOTONIC AND MAGNETIC STUDIES OF THIAZYL RADICALS | Chapter 1 provides an overview of the area of 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl (DTDA) radical chemistry which is central to this thesis, including a review of the crystal engineering principles and the physical properties of DTDA radicals, focusing on structure-property relationships. The magnetic properties of the -polymorph of p-NCC6F4CNSSN have been almost exhaustively studied since 1993 when it was found to exhibit the highest magnetic ordering temperature (TN = 36 K) for an organic magnet. Conversely the structure and physical properties of the -polymorph have barely been explored. The conditions for the selective preparation of and polymorphs of this radical are investigated in Chapter 2. The relative polymorph stability is probed through detailed DSC and PXRD studies and the magnetic properties of the -polymorph fully examined through dc and ac susceptibility measurements coupled with heat capacity studies. In Chapters 3 and 4, systematic structural studies on the variation of substituent groups are undertaken, comprising a series of alkoxy-functionalised perfluorophenyl DTDA radicals, p-ROC6F4CNSSN (R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu) and a comparison of the substitution pattern of the tolyl group on PhDTDA derivatives, MeC6H4C6H4CNSSN and their polymorphs. These studies use a combination of single crystal and VT-PXRD, SQUID magnetometry and VT EPR spectroscopy combined with DSC measurements and computational studies to probe relative polymorph stabilities and magnetic properties. A new generation of DTDA radicals where the R substituent is “non-innocent” are described in Chapters 5 and 6. In Chapter 5 the synthesis and characterisation of a series of DTDA-functionalised polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are described and their polymorphism examined as well as their solution and solid state optical properties. These reveal fluorescence quantum efficiencies up to 50%. Radical stability can be enhanced through incorporation into polymer matrices (PMMA and PS) which retard hydrolysis and prototype OLEDs based on a fluorescent DTDA exhibiting a luminance of almost 2000 Cd/m2 is described. Chapter 6 describes two stilbene-based DTDA diradicals in which the potential for thermal and photochemical cis/trans isomerisation, ring closure or [2+2] cycloaddition was explored. Solution photochemistry reactions, monitored by 1H NMR, UV/vis and fluorescence studies and EPR spectroscopy) revealed a trans/cis isomerisation, followed by ring-closure to afford a dihydrophenanthrene intermediate which undergoes H-atom migration with quenching of radical paramagnetism. Subsequent thermal treatment affords a phenanthrene-based diradical species with an increase in sample paramagnetism. Chapter 7 provides a brief overview of the results obtained in this thesis, the insight that these results provide within this research area and the potential for future exploitation. | 2,016 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "10168865",
"name": "Yassine Beldjoudi"
}
] | null | null | 404 |
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030956d58b96262595f48836f2cb82fa212aea83 | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/030956d58b96262595f48836f2cb82fa212aea83 | Biological conversion of methane to methanol through genetic reassembly of native catalytic domains | null | Nature Catalysis | 2,019 | 59 | null | [
{
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},
{
"authorId": "2065424001",
"name": "June Huh"
},
{
"authorId": "94592209",
"name": "Young‐Wan Kwon"
},
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{
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},
{
"authorId": "3342912",
"name": "Weontae Lee"
},
{
"authorId": "2108569289",
"name": "Jeewon Lee"
}
] | null | null | 405 |
030c25bd2c6dc9b366026111375bfd2f33fa3559 | {
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"name": "ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces",
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/030c25bd2c6dc9b366026111375bfd2f33fa3559 | Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-templated synthesis of mesoporous alumina: effect of triblock copolymer and acid concentration. | Mesoporous alumina was synthesized via a one-pot self-assembly of aluminum isopropoxide and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer in an acidic ethanol solution. The effects of the polymer concentration and nitric acid concentration, independently, on the adsorption properties (such as surface area, pore volume, microporosity, mesoporosity, and pore width) were studied. An increase in the specific surface area and the pore volume was seen for the samples containing a polymer/aluminum isopropoxide wt. ratio up to 0.71 and a polymer/acid wt ratio of 0.88. Titania isopropoxide was also added to the synthesis to illustrate the extension of this approach to alumina-based mixed metal oxides. | ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces | 2,012 | 16 | null | [
{
"authorId": "9828009",
"name": "Kelly L Materna"
},
{
"authorId": "2112370071",
"name": "Stacy M. Grant"
},
{
"authorId": "143755245",
"name": "M. Jaroniec"
}
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030c87ef03d1eed8c723b6d4250cbca09f8275de | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/030c87ef03d1eed8c723b6d4250cbca09f8275de | Synthesis of Cyclopeptidic Analogues of Triostin A with Quinoxalines or Nucleobases as Chromophores | The natural antibiotic triostin A (1) is based on a conformationally rigid disulfide-bridged cyclo-octadepsipeptide scaffold. This bicyclic core structure provides a perfect preorganization of two covalently attached quinoxalines resulting in sequence-specific bis(intercalation) of the chromophores in double-stranded DNA. Herein for the first time the corresponding cyclopeptide has been synthesized as a scaffold instead of the cyclodepsipeptide of triostin A by solid-phase peptide synthesis followed by bis(cyclization) in solution. Furthermore, when in contact with DNA the bicyclic peptide provides additional hydrogen-bonding possibilities and greater conformational rigidity in comparison to triostin A. These modifications to the backbone of triostin A might be especially valuable in combination with the use of nucleobases instead of quinoxalines for additional DNA recognition next to bis(intercalation) like major groove binding or detection of abasic DNA damages. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005) | 2,005 | 28 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2079993142",
"name": "B. Dietrich"
},
{
"authorId": "144639821",
"name": "U. Diederichsen"
}
] | null | null | 407 |
|
030e4f6c0195565bff3872f3973458900b6dcd10 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/030e4f6c0195565bff3872f3973458900b6dcd10 | Artificial Photosynthesis. Synthesis and characterisation of complexes containing phenoltriazole ligands. | This project describes the synthesis and study o f the electrochemical and photophysical properties of four ruthenium(bipyridyl)2 complexes containing a triazole ring and a phenol grouping, with respect to artificial photosynthesis.
A concerted effort has been made in the last decades to create compounds capable of absorbing the solar light and converting it into a stable chemical form. This project deals with photoinduced electron transfer.
Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes have been shown to be attractive candidates for excited state electron transfer process in fluid solution. Two different phenoltriazole ligands have been synthesised for their interesting features. Altering the state of protonation of the triazole ring affects the photophysical behaviour of the complexes. The phenol moiety is used in an attempt to. mimic the tyrosine function in photosystem II where this grouping is involved in photoinduced electron transfer to P680. One of the ligands synthesised contains a pyridyl ring, the other one contains a pyrazyl ring. This difference has a significant effect on the photophysics of the complexes.
Acid/base behaviour, electrochemistry and absorption/emission properties of the complexes have been studied and compared with those of appropriate model compounds. The results are discussed in order to understand the photophysical and electrochemical behaviours of these compounds, with the final goal of designing photochemical molecular devices. | 2,000 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "49911571",
"name": "B. Evrard"
}
] | null | null | 408 |
|
030f69f54344e61659c2a5fb9f8ea58d9ff45871 | {
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"DOI": "10.1002/1521-3927(20010601)22:9<675::AID-MARC675>3.0.CO;2-C",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/030f69f54344e61659c2a5fb9f8ea58d9ff45871 | N-Isopropylacrylamide copolymers with acrylamide and methacrylamide derivatives of cholic acid: Synthesis and characterization | By free radical polymerization, we have prepared a series of water-soluble, thermosensitive copolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide and (meth)acrylamide derivatives of cholic acid, one of the bile acids. The copolymers contained 1–7 mol-% of the (meth)acrylamide derivatives of cholic acid. The chemical composition in the copolymers was studied by NMR spectroscopy and was found to be close to the original composition of the comonomers in the feed prior to polymerization. The lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) of the polymer solutions were measured by means of differential scanning calorimetry and turbidimetry. The resulting copolymers exhibit systematic changes in their LCSTs as a function of their chemical composition, as the incorporation of hydrophobic comonomers leads to a lower LCST. | 2,001 | 46 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2109532847",
"name": "Huiyou Liu"
},
{
"authorId": "12447370",
"name": "D. Avoce"
},
{
"authorId": "7576161",
"name": "Zhengji Song"
},
{
"authorId": "1399920658",
"name": "X. X. Zhu"
}
] | null | null | 409 |
|
0311cb7ea1fea921d6a5e6a51aaa184c955b7253 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0311cb7ea1fea921d6a5e6a51aaa184c955b7253 | Similarities between the clathrasils DOH, DDR, MEP and MTN | Abstract Clathrasils are porous framework silicates with cage-like voids. Structural similarities between the clathrasils DOH, MTN, MEP, DD3H and DDR have been analyzed in the context of host/guest interaction and crystallization mechanism. A building unit consisting of 30 T atoms is used as common structural feature to give an alternative description of the well-known layers of [512]-cages. The [512]-layers, or Periodic Building Units (PerBU’s), are constructed from two 12-rings connected through a common 6-ring to form two half cages or a 12-ring double cup. These ‘half-cages’ are essentially the bottom of the large ‘inter-layer’ cages in the clathrasils. The rigorous derivation of all possible framework types and their cages based on these principles shows the richness of the concept and makes possible new strategies for the synthesis. The ‘half-cages’ are also possible candidates for precursors which might exist in solution in close contact with templating guest species initiating the nucleation of the crystals. | 2,004 | 10 | null | [
{
"authorId": "12154053",
"name": "H. van Koningsveld"
},
{
"authorId": "91836647",
"name": "H. Gies"
}
] | null | null | 410 |
|
03124a3a0d7a9426f04ddf6662df39b17c0f4b4e | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03124a3a0d7a9426f04ddf6662df39b17c0f4b4e | Synthesis of Highly Selective Submicromolar Microcystin‐Based Inhibitors of Protein Phosphatase (PP)2A over PP1 | Abstract Research and therapeutic targeting of the phosphoserine/threonine phosphatases PP1 and PP2A is hindered by the lack of selective inhibitors. The microcystin (MC) natural toxins target both phosphatases with equal potency, and their complex synthesis has complicated structure–activity relationship studies in the past. We report herein the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of 11 MC analogues, which was accomplished through an efficient strategy combining solid‐ and solution‐phase approaches. Our approach led to the first MC analogue with submicromolar inhibitory potency that is strongly selective for PP2A over PP1 and does not require the complex lipophilic Adda group. Through mutational and structural analyses, we identified a new key element for binding, as well as reasons for the selectivity. This work gives unprecedented insight into how selectivity between these phosphatases can be achieved with MC analogues. | Angewandte Chemie | 2,016 | 22 | {
"status": "HYBRID",
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"name": "Maximilian Häfner"
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"name": "V. Wittmann"
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"authorId": "2071146",
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] | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/anie.201606449 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | 411 |
0315e03303070fd6a9b707c3b125849f0c0fb555 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0315e03303070fd6a9b707c3b125849f0c0fb555 | New Angular-Shaped and Isomerically Pure Anthradithiophene with Lateral Aliphatic Side Chains for Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Implications for Solution-Prossessed Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Photovoltaics | An isomerically pure anti-anthradithiophene (aADT) arranged in an angular shape is developed. Formation of the framework of aADT incorporating four lateral alkyl substituents was accomplished by a one-pot benzannulation via multiple Suzuki coupling. This newly designed 2,8-stannylated aADT monomer was copolymerized with a ditheniodiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) unit and a bithiophene unit, respectively, to furnish an alternating donor–acceptor copolymer poly(anthradithiophene-alt-dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole) (PaADTDPP) and a thiophene-rich poly(anthradithiophene-alt-bithiophene) (PaADTT). PaADTT with crystalline nature achieved a high FET mobility of 7.9 × 10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1 with an on–off ratio of 1.1 × 107. The photovoltaic device based on the PaADTDPP:PC71BM (1:2.5, w/w) blend exhibited a Voc of 0.66 V, a Jsc of 9.49 mA/cm2, and a FF of 58.4%, delivering a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.66%. By adding 1.5 vol % 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) as a processing additive, the PCE can be improved to 4.24%. We d... | 2,012 | 72 | null | [
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"name": "Chung Te Lin"
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"authorId": "47074278",
"name": "Chien-Lung Wang"
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"authorId": "145539274",
"name": "Yen‐Ju Cheng"
},
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0318ff4f8547f2302283597011b4720856d2f9ba | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0318ff4f8547f2302283597011b4720856d2f9ba | Constant number Monte Carlo simulation of population balances with multiple growth mechanisms | We present a complete simulation scheme for particulate processes based on the constant number Monte Carlo methodology. Specifically, the proposed scheme can be applied towards the solution of population balances that include nucleation, coagulation and surface deposition, coupled to chemical reactions. The synthesis of titania (TiO2) by flame oxidation of TiCl4 is employed as a comparison basis of the relative advantages and weaknesses of Monte Carlo against more classical numerical approaches. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 | 2,010 | 37 | null | [
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03226e302c51d157582fe0b27cd7f81e3718ef95 | Double thermoresponsive block copolymers featuring a biotin end group. | A poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate)-block-poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (POEGMA-b-PNIPMAM) block copolymer with a biotin end group on the PNIPMAM block as a biotarget was synthesized as a model system for temperature-controlled polymer immobilization. The synthesis was based on RAFT polymerization followed by postpolymerization modification of an activated ester precursor block and an exchange of the dithioester end group within one step. NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and turbidimetry measurements were performed to investigate the stimulus-responsive properties. The double thermoresponsive POEGMA-b-PNIPMAM with biotin end group showed a temperature-dependent multistage assembly behavior as it was completely soluble in water at temperatures below the LCST of both blocks, formed micellar structures above the LCST of PNIPMAM but below the LCST of POEGMA, or precipitated from solution above the LCST of both blocks. At room temperature, the polymer could be immobilized onto a streptavidin surface via its biotin end group, as shown in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. At 50 °C, at which the block copolymer formed micelles trapping the biotin target within the PNIPMAM core, no immobilization was observed, showing that the biological binding ability of the model could be controlled via external stimuli. | Biomacromolecules | 2,010 | 60 | null | [
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03270db9066341ca1f7db867c02fad67189eba4a | Production of Cellulases by Rhizopus stolonifer from Glucose-Containing Media Based on the Regulation of Transcriptional Regulator CRE. | Carbon catabolite repression is a crucial regulation mechanism in microorganisms, but its characteristic in Rhizopus is still unclear. We extracted a carbon regulation gene, cre, that encoded a carbon catabolite repressor protein (CRE) from Rhizopus stolonifer TP-02, and studied the regulation of CRE by real-time qPCR. CRE responded to glucose in a certain range, where it could significantly regulate part of the cellulase genes (eg, bg, and cbh2) without cbh1. In the comparison of the response of cre and four cellulase genes to carboxymethylcellulose sodium and a simple carbon source (lactose), the effect of CRE was only related to the concentration of reducing sugars. By regulating the reducing sugars to range from 0.4% to 0.6%, a glucose-containing medium with lactose as the inducer could effectively induce cellulases without the repression of CRE. This regulation method could potentially reduce the cost of enzymes produced in industries and provide a possible solution to achieve the large-scale synthesis of cellulases. | Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology | 2,017 | 7 | null | [
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{
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{
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0328226550e36b74c44bf37cabb60fbc885490a2 | {
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0329f555f7c13ae93420518fd7650d14a3e4ae57 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0329f555f7c13ae93420518fd7650d14a3e4ae57 | Synthesis and characterization of new anthracene‐based semiconducting polyethers | New anthracene-based polyethers, anthracene/bisphenol A (An–BPA) and anthracene/fluorinated bisphenol A (An–BPAF), were synthesized and characterized. An–BPA and An–BPAF were fully soluble in common organic solvents and had number-average molecular weights of 2580 and 3240, respectively. The optical properties of the polymers were investigated with ultraviolet–visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Blue photoluminescence was observed in dilute solutions. In solid thin films, π–π interactions influenced the optical properties, and redshifted photoluminescence spectra were obtained; a green emission (504 nm) for An–BPAF and a green-yellow emission (563 nm) for An–BPA were found. By cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical band gap was estimated to be 2.72 and 3.05 eV for An–BPA and An–BPAF, respectively. Single-layer diode devices of an indium tin oxide/polyether/aluminum configuration were fabricated and showed relatively low turn-on voltages (3.5 V for An–BPA and 3.7 V for An–BPAF). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 | 2,011 | 20 | null | [
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032a7814f11c59e4cd6ff5d57e1b02eb2a58ae23 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032a7814f11c59e4cd6ff5d57e1b02eb2a58ae23 | Synthesis of an Alkene-Containing Copolylactide and Its Facile Modification by the Addition of Thiols | The ring-opening copolymerization of 3,6-bis(chloromethyl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione and l-lactide affords a chloro-substituted polylactide copolymer (chloro-PL). Base-promoted dehydrochlorination of chloro-PL provides a copolymer (ene-PL) that contains electrophilic α,β-unsaturated ester units. The copolymer undergoes conjugate addition with a variety of thiols in solution under mildly basic conditions and also in the presence of AIBN. Reaction on the surface of films of the unsaturated copolyester is demonstrated by the addition of a thiol-substituted fluorescent dye. | 2,016 | 21 | null | [
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032ac43161d809e7152f6a3ebc3fb3730db03be0 | Recent advances in the synthesis of new glycopeptide antibiotics. | The vancomycin family of glycopeptide antibiotics has been inspiring research in the field of synthetic chemistry since the 1980s. Recent studies have moved away from the focus of total synthesis into new territory: the design and evaluation of novel compounds based on the natural products which exhibit improved antibacterial activity. Modern approaches to drug synthesis draw together investigations into the nature of the binding environment, and innovative synthetic methodologies which provide solutions to the challenging structural features and stereochemistry associated with this intriguing class of compounds. New analogues, derivatives and dimers of the natural products, as well as recent successes in the total synthesis of the complestatins are described in this tutorial review, covering literature from the last decade. | Chemical Society Reviews | 2,012 | 83 | null | [
{
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"name": "Polly-Anna Ashford"
},
{
"authorId": "8640932",
"name": "S. Bew"
}
] | null | null | 419 |
032af9aa3741ee093d243b2e2c0f0eb35944db38 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032af9aa3741ee093d243b2e2c0f0eb35944db38 | Synthesis and properties of new aromatic polyamides with redox-active 2,4-dimethoxytriphenylamine moieties Part A Polymer chemistry | A new triphenylamine-based diamine monomer, 4,4′-diamino-2″,4″-dimethoxytriphenylamine (2), was synthesized from readily available reagents and was reacted with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids to produce a series of aromatic polyamides (4a-h) containing the redox-active 2,4-dimethoxy-substituted triphenylamine (dimethoxyTPA) unit. All the resulting polyamides were readily soluble in polar organic solvents and could be solution cast into tough and flexible films. These polymers exhibited good thermal stability with glass transition temperatures of 243-289 °C and softening temperatures of 238-280 °C, 10% weight loss temperatures in excess of 470 °C in nitrogen, and char yields higher than 60% at 800 °C in nitrogen. The redox behaviors of the polymers were examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV). All these polyamides showed two reversible oxidation processes in the first CV scan. The polymers also displayed low ionization potentials as a result of their dimethoxyTPA moieties. In addition, the polymers displayed excellent stability of electrochromic characteristics with coloration change from a colorless neutral state to green and blue-purple oxidized states. These anodically coloring polyamides showed high green coloration efficiency (CE = 329 cm²/C), high contrast of optical transmittance change (ΔT% = 84% at 829 nm), and long-term redox reversibility. | 2,010 | 0 | null | [
{
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{
"authorId": "5281809",
"name": "Guey‐Sheng Liou"
},
{
"authorId": "26931711",
"name": "Yi-Chun Kung"
},
{
"authorId": "121978192",
"name": "T. Hsiung"
}
] | null | null | 420 |
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032c0be40cff3792b9f2754699ffdb306d2c3e41 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032c0be40cff3792b9f2754699ffdb306d2c3e41 | Chemical synthesis of oleoylethanolamide | Chemical synthesis oleoyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine relates to an oil. Not only to provide an inexpensive, simple, and applicable to the industrial production of chemical synthesis oleoyl ethanolamine. The oleic acid and reaction was carried out in the presence of a catalyst acylation to give acylated product; acylated product after the concentration treatment, and ethanolamine amination reaction in the presence of an organic base, to give a reaction product of an amine solution; amine after the reaction product solution was filtered, acid, caustic, and concentrated to give a crude product; the crude product was washed, centrifuged with a low-polar alkanes to yield oleoyl ethanolamine. | 2,011 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "97090217",
"name": "杨天帅"
},
{
"authorId": "2099975513",
"name": "王中奎"
},
{
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{
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"name": "陈梅妹"
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{
"authorId": "71186204",
"name": "韩大雄"
}
] | null | null | 421 |
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032c76ee00236c90bed1c8089a550719414abc13 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032c76ee00236c90bed1c8089a550719414abc13 | Hydroxylated Cyclophosphazene/Silica Hybrid Materials: Synthesis and Characterization | null | 2,002 | 6 | null | [
{
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{
"authorId": "34592628",
"name": "G. Facchin"
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"name": "A. Sassi"
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{
"authorId": "7654039",
"name": "M. Gleria"
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032daec4c9548b3b5e6793d0f0d0e769628f70c7 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032daec4c9548b3b5e6793d0f0d0e769628f70c7 | Design of a hybrid amine functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogel-porous silicon optical sensor | This work focuses on the development of a proof-of-concept optical sensor design that incorporates an amine-functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogel into a 1D porous silicon (PSi) photonic crystal. The PSi acts as both a template and a transducer capable of detecting morphological and dielectric changes in the incorporated hydrogel structure. Free radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and N-(3- aminopropyl)-methacrylamide (NA) monomers was utilized to form copolymer chains with a controlled concentration of nucleophilic amine moieties. These amine groups facilitated chemical cross-linking of the copolymer chain to generate hydrogel networks. A molar fraction of >2 mol% of NA monomer was needed to facilitate a visibly gelatinous hydrogel in a 5 wt% polymer solution. Addition of sodium formate (chain transfer agent) during copolymer synthesis facilitated decreased copolymer chain length and improved infiltration of the copolymer into the p-type PSi mesoporous sensor (pore diameters ~20-30 nm). Controlled cross-linking of the copolymer chains was completed with using glutaraldehyde, as a model system, to form a hydrogel network that could be optically monitored by the incorporated PSi sensor. These results lay foundation for extending this versatile methodology towards the design of an affinity based complimentary target-probe system to create a hybrid target-responsive hydrogel-PSi chemical sensor. | BiOS | 2,009 | 5 | null | [
{
"authorId": "32064780",
"name": "Lisa M. Bonanno"
},
{
"authorId": "5584719",
"name": "L. DeLouise"
}
] | null | null | 423 |
032dda1bfd9b76ff6ebc703bed2b59a46fb3c2d0 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032dda1bfd9b76ff6ebc703bed2b59a46fb3c2d0 | Solid state NMR characterization of individual compounds and solid solutions formed in Sc(2)O(3)--V(2)O(5)--Nb(2)O(5)--Ta(2)O(5) system. | In this study, (51)V, (45)Sc and (93)Nb MAS NMR combined with satellite transition spectroscopy analysis were used to characterize the complex solid mixtures: VNb(9(1-x))Ta(9x)O(25), ScNb((1-x))Ta(x)O(4) and ScNb(2(1-x))Ta(2x)VO(9) (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0). This led us to describe the structures of Sc and V sites. The conclusions were based on accurate values for (51)V quadrupole coupling and chemical shift tensors obtained with (51)V MAS NMR/SATRAS for VNb(9)O(25), VTa(9)O(25) and ScVO(4). The (45)Sc NMR parameters have been obtained for Sc(2)O(3), ScVO(4), ScNbO(4) and ScTaO(4). On the basis of (45)Sc NMR and data available from literature, the ranges of the (45)Sc chemical shift have been established for ScO(6) and ScO(8). The gradual change of the (45)Sc and (51)V NMR parameters with x confirms the formation of solid solutions in the process of synthesis of VNb(9(1-x))Ta(9x)O(25) and ScNb((1-x))Ta(x)O(4), in contrast to ScNb(2(1-x))Ta(2x)VO(9). The cation sublattice of ScNb((1-x))Ta(x)O(4) is found to be in octahedral coordination. The V sites in VNb(9(1-x))Ta(9x)O(25) are present in the form of slightly distorted tetrahedra. The (93)Nb NMR parameters have been obtained for VNb(9)O(25). | Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC | 2,007 | 1 | null | [
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{
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{
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"name": "M. Zuev"
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{
"authorId": "14171751",
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] | null | null | 424 |
032e0c7e1e7e292681d062522b4bb072a21bbca3 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032e0c7e1e7e292681d062522b4bb072a21bbca3 | Structural studies of enzymes regulating bacterial life style and cell wall biogenesis | Bacteria can adapt to different biotic and abiotic environments by changing their life style, switching between sessile or motile, free-living or community-bound, virulent or dormant states. Each bacterium also faces the challenges of maintaining a protective barrier while growing, replicating and responding to environmental changes. Governing these processes are enzymes involved in signalling and cell-wall biogenesis, which are the subjects of this thesis. The second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates a vast array of processes such as motility, biofilm formation, virulence and cell cycle progression on transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. RocR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a response regulator protein containing an active EAL domain that breaks down c-di-GMP. The crystal structure of RocR was determined to 2.5 Å resolution, revealing a compact tetrameric structure with the subunits displaying two conformational states. The unique architecture allows two phospho-receiver domains to be adjacent to the EAL active sites while being exposed and available for phosphorylation events. Also, solution studies using SAXS and biochemical analyses suggest that the protein does not require large conformational changes to alter its phosphodiesterase activity, leading to a mechanistic model of signal propagation from the phosphorylation site to the EAL active site based on secondary structural changes. Tbd1265 from Thiobacillus denitrificans is a transmembrane protein containing a GGDEF-EAL tandem domain that can both synthesise and hydrolyse c-di-GMP. Functional studies confirmed the bifunctionality of this tandem domain and further suggested that a predicted coiled-coil region preceding the GGDEF domain is required for activity. The crystal structure of a construct comprising these two domains of Tbd1265 was determined to 3.4 Å, revealing a conformation of the GGDEF domains in the dimeric molecule that is not compatible with product-inhibition or catalysis. We propose a regulatory mechanism where Tbd1265 can adopt at least three conformations (resting, active and inhibited) based on signals from the periplasmic binding protein (PBP) domain. MurB is an essential oxidoreductase that produces UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid, a precursor for peptidoglycan synthesis. The crystal structure of the ternary complex of P. aeruginosa MurB with NADP and FAD revealed that the substrate channel can accommodate two distinct substrate molecules. The study also revealed a potassium ion in the active site that directly binds the substrates and can stabilise the transition state of the reaction, thus explaining the activating effect of potassium ions on MurB catalysis. The structure of the MurB ternary complex provides a useful template for the design of novel enzyme inhibitors that might be developed into promising drug candidates. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Ming Wei Chen, Masayo Kotaka, Clemens Vonrhein, Gérard Bricogne, Feng Rao, Mary Lay Cheng Chuah, Dmitri Svergun, Gunter Schneider, Zhao-Xun Liang and Julien Lescar. Structural insights into the regulatory mechanism of the response regulator RocR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cyclic Di-GMP signaling. J Bacteriol. 2012; 194, 4837 – 4846. II. Chong Wai Liew, Ming Wei Chen, Chun Loong Ho, Surya Wahyu, Tobias Cornvik, Gunter Schneider, Zhao-Xun Liang and Julien Lescar. The structure of the diguanylate cyclase-phosphodiesterase tandem domain of a bacterial sensor protein suggests a model for its activation. Manuscript in progress. III. Ming Wei Chen, Bernhard Lohkamp, Robert Schnell, Julien Lescar and Gunter Schneider. Substrate channel flexibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa MurB accommodates two distinct substrates. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8, e66936. Publication not included in this thesis: Chong Wai Liew, Martina Nilsson, Ming Wei Chen, Huihua Sun, Tobias Cornvik, Zhao-Xun Liang and Julien Lescar. Crystal structure of the acyltransferase domain of the iterative polyketide synthase in enediyne biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2012; 287, 23203 – 23215. | 2,013 | 0 | null | [
{
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"name": "Ming Chen"
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] | null | null | 425 |
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032e6564394e5bfa175f4df99bbceb569ff138f0 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032e6564394e5bfa175f4df99bbceb569ff138f0 | Spin transitions in non-classical systems | null | 2,004 | 71 | null | [
{
"authorId": "6999211",
"name": "V. Ovcharenko"
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{
"authorId": "16065588",
"name": "K. Maryunina"
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"name": "S. Fokin"
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"name": "G. Romanenko"
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{
"authorId": "13771212",
"name": "V. Ikorskii"
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032e72f12700aff6345e129e8f30a4503e0405dd | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/032e72f12700aff6345e129e8f30a4503e0405dd | Electrochemical properties of solid solutions in the Li8Zr1 − xCexO6 system | null | Russian journal of electrochemistry | 2,013 | 2 | null | [
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03324bdd30b86eaf671dc04b28575d1b304a1ed2 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03324bdd30b86eaf671dc04b28575d1b304a1ed2 | “Light-assisted evaporation induced self-assembly”: an efficient approach toward ordered carbon materials | The synthesis of ordered porous carbons by a green, simple and rapid approach based on light exposure of a solution of carbon precursors and a soft-template in the presence or not of a photosensitizer is demonstrated herein along with their formation mechanism. The influence of the benzophenone amount on the formation of phenolic resin and the carbon structure, morphology and textural properties was systematically studied. The polymerization, self-assembly and carbonization are promoted in the same step by light. The benzophenone accelerates several times the reaction rate modifying mainly the phenolic-resin structure (higher degree of cross-linking and carbonization) via radical formation, as highlighted by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the increase of benzophenone amount gradually induces the modification of carbon morphology from a worm-like disordered structure to a highly organized hexagonal one while the surface area and pore volume remain unchanged. The 13C and 1H solid state and relaxation NMR analysis pointed out that this behavior is triggered by the different micellar structuration of the template in the presence of benzophenone, the phenolic-resin composition involving only carbon precursor derived compounds and not benzophenone. | 2,015 | 13 | null | [
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/033509f4ad597fd2b456f603ebcd7f91875ff29f | Synthesis of polyethylene-based proton exchange membranes containing PE backbone and sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) side chains for fuel cell applications | This paper discusses a new class of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) that are based on a well-controlled polyolefin graft copolymer containing a polyethylene (PE) backbone and several sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (s-PAES) side chains. The chemistry involves a graft-onto reaction between high molecular weight PE with few pendent benzyl bromide groups and poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) with two terminal phenol groups. The resulting PE-g-PAES graft copolymer, with predetermined backbone molecular weight, graft density, and graft length, was solution-cast into uniform film (thickness 20–40 μm), followed by a heterogeneous sulfonation reaction of PAES side chains to obtain the desired PE-g-s-PAES PEMs with a high sulfonation level. The unique combination of hydrophobicity, semicrystallinity, and high molecular weight of the PE backbone offers PEM with a stable (nonswellable) matrix. The embedded hydrophilic s-PAES proton-conductive domains show only moderate water uptake, even with a high ion exc... | 2,012 | 33 | null | [
{
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"name": "Hyung Kyu Kim"
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{
"authorId": "2157501488",
"name": "Min Zhang"
},
{
"authorId": "144226144",
"name": "Xuepei Yuan"
},
{
"authorId": "5479034",
"name": "S. Lvov"
},
{
"authorId": "90831022",
"name": "T. Chung"
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] | null | null | 429 |
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0336de37dbf744f9d1b1420f5fe50cc052a32d06 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0336de37dbf744f9d1b1420f5fe50cc052a32d06 | Elaboration and characterisation of porous silicon thin films for solar cells application | Porous silicon is one of the spongy materials, capable of absorbing gaseous or liquid substances without deteriorating. Thanks to this property, the matrix of the material reacts with the environment; the optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties can change. Thin films of porous silicon are used in the field of chemical sensors [1] (liquid, gas and biological material), and also in the field of solar cells as antireflection layers on the surface of silicon [2] or as heterojunction PS / c- Si [3] that offer an additional absorption zone to the solar cell. In our work thin films of porous silicon are developed using two inexpensive methods: chemical etching and electrochemical etching using solutions based on hydrofluoric acid [4]. In order to study the morphological, optical and electrical properties of these thin films of porous silicon, we have used several characterization techniques such as: SEM and AFM that show the formation of dense and homogenous porous layer of thickness 1.2 µm with nano-pores of size of 12 nm. The Raman spectra of porous layer show a peak at 530 cm -1 with different intensities depending on crystallite size. The XRD results confirm that porous silicon has the same crystallographic orientation as silicon substrates. The electrical resistivity of the porous layers was measured with four-point probe method. The UV-Visible spectroscopy showed the considerable improvement in the porous silicon absorption in the visible. The reflectivity of PS/c-Si heterojunction was reduced from 35% to 6%. The optical band gap of porous silicon was found to be 1,85 eV. These results show the great potential of porous silicon as intersecting material for improving the performances of high efficiency solar cells. . References [1] F. Rahimi , A. Iraji zad & F. Razi. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, (2007)37:377–380, [2] Mukhlis M. Ismail et Al, International Journal for light and Electron optics (2017). [3] Bechiri, F., Zerdali, M., Rahmoun, I., Hamzaoui, S. The European Physical Journal-Applied Physics , (2013) 61 (3). [4] A. Moussi, D. Bouhafas, N. Benreguia. Surface Review and Letters, Vol. 15, No. 3 (2008) 261–264 | 2,018 | 0 | null | [
{
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0338bf8d8fa97980ebb9fa336c8c19ee75976be0 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0338bf8d8fa97980ebb9fa336c8c19ee75976be0 | A Fluorous Capping Strategy for Fmoc‐Based Automated and Manual Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis | Just add water: Peptides synthesized by the use of standardized Fmoc protocols with commercial automated synthesizers can be purified from deletion products by simple centrifugation of aqueous solutions. The deletion products are capped with fluorous trivalent iodonium salts. At the end of the synthesis, the crude peptide is dissolved in water and centrifuged, and the deletion products precipitate leaving only the full length peptide in solution. Protocols for generalized use of this strategy are reported. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) | 2,006 | 14 | null | [
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{
"authorId": "2026700537",
"name": "Krishna Kumar"
}
] | null | null | 431 |
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/033ac497f5e8408bd8f58c0a53b49446cd075868 | Influence of the structure of fullerene molecules on their clusterization in the crystalline matrix | null | 2,009 | 2 | null | [
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"authorId": "2364010",
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"authorId": "91863806",
"name": "B. S. Razbirin"
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033afbd33f8d02d399d2e96a756dfed8d188b7ad | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/033afbd33f8d02d399d2e96a756dfed8d188b7ad | Synthesis of zirconia-based solid acid nanoparticles for fuel cell application | Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared by the precipitation and ageing methods. The precipitation method was performed by adding ammonium solution to the aqueous solution of zirconium chloride at room temperature. The ageing method was performed by leaving the precipitate formed in the mother liquor in the glass beaker for 48 hours at ambient temperatures. The nanoparticles from both methods were further sulphated and phosphated to increase their acid sites. The materials prepared were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-EmmettTeller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The XRD results showed that the nanoparticles prepared by the precipitation method contained mixed phases of tetragonal and monoclinic phases, whereas the nanoparticles prepared by ageing method had only tetragonal phase. The TEM results showed that phosphated and sulphated zirconia nanoparticles obtained from the ageing method had a smaller particle size (10–12 nm) than the nanoparticles of approximately 25–30 nm prepared by precipitation only. The BET results showed that the ZrO2 nanoparticles surface area increased from 32 to 72 m2/g when aged. | 2,016 | 21 | {
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{
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{
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] | https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/jesa/article/download/1342/1379 | journals.assaf.org.za | 433 |
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033d07718d6ba97fcad7eba36e7357f9294b4d3c | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/033d07718d6ba97fcad7eba36e7357f9294b4d3c | Green preparation of chlorine-doped graphene and its application in electrochemical sensor for chloramphenicol detection | null | SN Applied Sciences | 2,019 | 0 | {
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"authorId": "7200836",
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"authorId": "2108350490",
"name": "Yi-Chi Zhang"
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{
"authorId": "2115676706",
"name": "Xuan Zhang"
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{
"authorId": "121640388",
"name": "Li Shen"
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] | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs42452-019-0174-4.pdf | link.springer.com | 434 |
033f6d8e5f47a2b07111b904a2c2d6dcf0a4bcfc | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/033f6d8e5f47a2b07111b904a2c2d6dcf0a4bcfc | Green synthesis of novel silver nanocomposite hydrogel based on sodium alginate as an efficient biosorbent for the dye wastewater treatment: prediction of isotherm and kinetic parameters | AbstractThis paper is focused on simple, cost-effective and one-step green synthesis of silver nanocomposite hydrogel (SNC) based on sodium alginate toward the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Mukia maderaspatna plant extract was used as a reducing agent and the reaction occurred at room temperature. The novel SNC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The FTIR results observed indicated the presence of silver ions in the inside of the hydrogel composite. The XRD results revealed that the SNC are crystalline in nature. It was observed from the TEM results that the particle size of Ag nanoparticles was around 19 nm. Furthermore, the prepared SNC was found to exhibit excellent adsorbent properties for the removal of MB dye from the aqueous solution. This has been experimentally studied through Langmuir, F... | 2,016 | 45 | null | [
{
"authorId": "14578133",
"name": "G. Devi"
},
{
"authorId": "2219814159",
"name": "P. Kumar"
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{
"authorId": "34313039",
"name": "K. Kumar"
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0341e4389db5a5048c2b28af868749321c5692c6 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0341e4389db5a5048c2b28af868749321c5692c6 | Simulation of partial oxidation processes by using a flamelet/progress variable approach | Partial oxidation of a carbonaceous material (natural gas, coal, biomass among others) is widely used for producing gas for power generation or as feedstock in the chemical industry. In partial oxidation processes two significant reactions regimes can be observed. In the flame zone, the fast oxidation reactions are mainly governed by the mixing of the fuel with the reactants, similarly to conventional lean diffusion flames. In the post-flame zone, the reforming reactions take place, slowly approaching to the chemical equilibrium conditions. In order to describe both regimes, the flamelet/progress variable (FPV) approach was successfully applied to model a pilot scale High Pressure Partial Oxidation (HP-POX) reactor fired with CH4. The chemistry was precomputed using premixed freely propagating flames in and stored in a look-up table, after the PDF-averaging of the laminar solution. The laminar solutions were converted from physical space to a progress variable space, which was defined combining different chemical species in order to have a unique mapping. Additionally, the PV should be accurately defined for resolving the slow reactions in the post-flame zone. Finally, the PDF look-up table was coupled to the CFD solution of the turbulent flow in the HP-POX reactor. The numerical results show that the FPV allows to describe both the fast oxidation and the slow reforming reactions, giving a reasonable agreement with the experiments. In addition to the precise predictive capabilities, the computational cost by using the FPV approach is significantly reduced due to the efficient lookup of the precomputed flamelet solutions. Introduction Partial oxidation is a process in which a solid, liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon feed in a fuel rich mixture is converted into a synthesis gas (syngas), primarily composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Such mixtures represent the intermediary step from hydrocarbons to bulk chemicals (methanol, DME, ammonia, acetic acid, oxo-alcohols, isocyanates) and synthetic fuels (synthetic Diesel) [1]. CFD simulations of a High pressure Partial Oxidation (HP-POX) pilot-scale reactor were performed using the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) [2] with a detailed mechanism reduced from GRI-mech [3]. EDC is very computationally expensive, especially in combination with the large kinetic mechanism required for describing the slow reforming process. To reduce the computing effort for simulating the turbulence-chemistry interaction reduction techniques are usually applied. The chemistry is separated from the solution of the turbulent flow and modeled using simplified reduced approach, such as homogeneous reactors, 1D diffusion and premixed flames, generally referred as flamelets. Results of the reduced chemistry models are pre-calculated and stored in a flamelet lookup table (FLUT). The tables are commonly parametrized using global scalar variables, such as mixture fraction Z and progress variable Yc, etc.. FLUTs are coupled to the CFD solutions through the same input variables, which are solved together with the turbulent flow. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is captured with the PDF integration based on the mean/filtered values and its variance of mixture fraction (and progress variable). The Corresponding author: [email protected] Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting 2015 steady laminar diffusion flamelet (SLDF) approach [4] was used for modeling the HP-POX reactor [5]. However, different reaction regimes can be identified in the HP-POX. On one hand, the flame zone is generally characterized by fast oxidation reactions, which is correctly described by the SLDF approach. On the other hand, the reforming zone is dominated by slow reactions converting the combustion products with excess fuel into CO and H2. This zone mainly occurs in premixed regime and with larger timeand length-scale than the oxidation zone, and it cannot be properly described by the SLDF [5, 6]. The flamelet/progress variable (FPV) [7] model is a suitable choice to capture slower processes as demonstrated for local extinction, NOx emission and radiation [8, 9]. The FPV model was derived from the SLDF approach, as well as the flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) approach [10]. The FPV model use the idea of the progress variable as the parameter describing the progress in the reacting mixture. In this work the FPV approach is used for describing the turbulence-chemistry interaction in the HP-POX reactor [2]. The chemistry is modeled by means of freely propagating premixed 1D flames and stored in premixed flamelet look-up tables (P-FLUT). The use of a P-FLUT is justified by the fact that the large part of the HP-POX reactor is dominated by the slow reforming reactions, which mainly occur in premixed regime. | 2,015 | 0 | null | [
{
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"name": "S. Hartl"
},
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"name": "M. Vascellari"
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{
"authorId": "2146235641",
"name": "Hongbin Xu"
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{
"authorId": "46803743",
"name": "C. Hasse"
}
] | null | null | 436 |
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03452fa79c564465c97e0557a26cef4bbfb5f135 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03452fa79c564465c97e0557a26cef4bbfb5f135 | Use of computer modeling for analysis of structure and stability of polymer solutions and colloid dispersions | A great interest in the study of polymer solutions is explained by the need to develop new technologies for the creation of nanostructured materials and coatings using self-assembly methods. To realize this process, it is important to understand how the formation of nanostructured morphologies can be controlled by changing the chemical structure of the molecules and the composition of the solution. The implementation of experimental studies related to such developments requires painstaking work on the synthesis of new compounds and subsequent inspections of the resulting samples of materials. In this case, the use of virtual design with the help of computer modeling techniques allows us to first predict the properties of a wide range of model systems, and then to select from them the most suitable ones and synthesize the necessary polymers. Taking into account that in order to identify optimal conditions for self-assembling to obtain target nanostructures, it is necessary to simultaneously search through the chemical structure of the molecules entering the system and simulate sufficiently large volumes of matter, and to solve such problems, large computational efforts are required. The use of coarse-grained models and multiscale schemes can significantly reduce the simulation time. At the same time, supercomputer platforms allow modeling of molecular systems in a wide range of model parameters. The paper discusses the development of a computational scheme based on a coarse-grained model for the method of dissipative particle dynamics [1] with the aim of calculating the structure and performing analysis of the stability of polymer solutions and colloidal dispersions, and also searching for optimal conditions for the formation of a film from aqueous solutions of polymer colloid particles stabilized by surfactants. In particular, we have developed a coarse-grained model for the aqueous solution of an acrylic copolymer and a surfactant. Controlling the behavior of the colloidal solution is regulated by chemical groups or by molecules on the surface, which have properties different from those located in the bulk phase or in solution. The stability of the colloidal dispersion depends on the degree of affinity for the solvent in which the colloidal particles are located. As an illustration of the capabilities of the computational scheme, we demonstrate our results of the influence of various parameters of the model (concentration of components, parameters of volume interaction and of electrostatic interaction) on the characteristics of the parameters of the emerging films. In the figure 1, for example, a film (a two-sided view) obtained by evaporating a solvent from a solution of an acrylic copolymer (based on methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid and butyl acrylate) and a surfactant is shown, with the stability of the polymer micelle dispersion being evident. Mixed micelles of polymer with uncharged surfactant tend to aggregate (as well as uncharged colloids). Systems with charged surfactant molecules can behave differently depending on the strength of the electrostatic interaction. Both with a weak electrostatic contribution and with a strong contribution, the small micelles are unstable, coagulate into micelles of larger size, and form uniform films upon solvent evaporation. If we want to stabilize the small size of micelles in the emulsion, we need to find the optimal value of charges (for example, the optimum value of added salt). We use the method of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) [1-2]. This method is similar to Langevin dynamics, i.e., it solves the Newton equations of motions in a system with viscous friction and random force, and the two main differences are the conservation of both the linear and angular momentum (which allows to describe hydrodynamics correctly) and using “soft” potentials (which allows to use up to ten times larger time steps in finite-difference scheme than in usual molecular dynamics, this leading to much faster evolution of a system in the phase space). A recent comprehensive review of computer simulation studies by means of DPD method can be found in Ref. | 2,017 | 0 | null | [
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03472e206671fff21ba5862864ce0ce10765ba79 | Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen‐Doped Group IVB Visible‐Light‐Photoactive Metal Oxide Nanoparticles | The incorporation of main group elements into wide-bandgap semiconductors has attracted significant interest because of the potential for modifying the physical properties of these semiconductors, as well as for applications such as photocatalysis, water splitting, and optoelectronics. Among the main group elements, nitrogen is believed to be the most favorable p-type dopant because of its similar size to oxygen, metastable AX center formation, and small ionization energy. For example, the incorporation of N into ZnO has been found to be a very promising way to make p-type ZnO, which represents a potentially useful alternative to toxic and expensive III–V semiconductors for applications such as light-emitting devices (LEDs). Another exciting example is visible-light-active TiO2, which is a promising material for applications such as water splitting and photocatalysis. Owing to its potential role in solving the inevitable global energy and environment crises, N-doped TiO2 has received a great deal of attention in recent years. Although several theoretical and experimental studies have validated the efficacy of the N doping of TiO2 for a variety of applications, the different approaches used for N doping have raised questions about the origin of the observed photocatalytic activity. In order to increase the understanding of N doping at the nanoscale level, it is imperative to carry out a systematic analysis of the photocatalytic activities of nanoparticles with different N-doping levels and metal oxide matrices to aid the development of a new generation of photocatalysts. However, from a survey of the literature, no such study has been conducted up till now. Here, we present the incorporation of controlled amounts of N into group IVB metal oxide (TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2) nanoparticles via a reliable wet-chemical procedure under ambient conditions. Furthermore, we present the effects of doping on their optical and photocatalytic properties. The synthesis of N-doped group IVB metal oxides is based on our previously reported sol–gel approach. We have determined from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of N-doped TiO2 [9,20] that coordinating the amine precursor to the Ti precursor (usually Ti[OCH2(CH3)2]4) is essential for the efficient N doping of metal oxides. In the present synthetic route, we first attach the amine to the central metal to form an amino-coordinated precursor complex; subsequently, we hydrolyze the precursor solution with distilled water. Under different pH conditions it is possible to obtain TiO2 slurries with different amounts of incorporated nitrogen. In addition, the particle size can be confined to the nanometer regime by controlling the rate of water addition. After washing, the dispersions are centrifuged and the obtained powders are dried under vacuum. The dried powders are yellow to orange in color depending on the doping level. Before characterization, the products are annealed at 200 °C for 1 h under vacuum to remove organic residues from the surface. The morphologies of the products have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been found that N-doped TiO2 and ZrO2 are mostly amorphous when sintered at temperatures below 400 °C (Fig. 1A–C, lower curves); the XRD pattern of HfO2 shows clear diffraction peaks only at sintering temperatures above 600 °C. Figure 1A–C (upper curves) shows the XRD patterns of the sintered products. The XRD patterns of TiO2–xNx, ZrO2–xNx, and HfO2–xNx particles indicate anatase, cubic, and monoclinic structures for these materials, respectively (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) Card Nos. 84-1286, 49-1642, and 78-0050, respectively). However, at these temperatures, the obtained N-doping levels of all the three materials are lower than 1 %, indicating that nitrogen is replaced by oxygen at elevated temperatures. In order to maintain a higher doping level, the sintering temperature has been set at 200 °C. The TEM studies show that the unsintered samples are amorphous and irregular in shape. Regular spherical nanocrystals start to appear when a sintering temperature of 150 °C is used. Therefore, the samples used for the optical and catalytic measurements described below are mixtures of crystalline and amorphous particles. Although we have not been able to completely avoid aggregation of the particles on the TEM grids, the particle size has been controlled in the range from 5 to about 50 nm and the particles are approximately spherical in shape, as shown in Figure 1D–F. The N-doping levels of these metal oxides have been investigated by core-level XPS. Figure 2A–C shows a series of fullscale XPS spectra of N-doped TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2 nanoparticles. All these spectra show typical TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2 features, as well as a clear N 1s binding energy peak around C O M M U N IC A IO N | 2,007 | 94 | null | [
{
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"name": "Xiaofeng Qiu"
},
{
"authorId": "49339658",
"name": "Yixin Zhao"
},
{
"authorId": "5175856",
"name": "C. Burda"
}
] | null | null | 438 |
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0348772e223a08ebc9a5b02825cacf964b2f924c | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0348772e223a08ebc9a5b02825cacf964b2f924c | Meccano on the Nanoscale—A Blueprint for Making Some of the World's Tiniest Machines | Molecular compounds—comprised of mechanically interlocked components—such as rotaxanes and catenanes can be designed to display readily controllable internal movements of one component with respect to the other. Since the weak noncovalent bonding interactions that contribute to the template-directed synthesis of such compounds live on between the components thereafter, they can be activated such that the components move in either a linear fashion (rotaxanes) or a rotary manner (catenanes). These molecules can be activated by switching the recognition elements off and on between components chemically, electrically, or optically, such that they perform motions reminiscent of the moving parts in macroscopic machines. This review will highlight how the emergence of the mechanical bond in chemistry during the last two decades has brought with it a real prospect of integrating a bottom-up approach, based on molecular design and micro- and nanofabrication, to construct molecular electronic devices that store information at very high densities using minimal power. Although most of the research reported in this review on switchable catenanes and rotaxanes has been carried out in the context of solution-phase mechanical processes, recent results demonstrate that relative mechanical movements between the components in interlocked molecules can be stimulated (a) chemically in Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films, (b) electrochemically as self-assembled monolayers on gold, and (c) electronically within the settings of solid-state devices. Not only has reversible, electronically driven switching been observed in devices incorporating a bistable [2]catenane, but a crosspoint random access memory circuit has been fabricated using an amphiphilic, bistable [2]rotaxane. The experiments provide strong evidence that switchable catenanes and rotaxanes operate mechanically in a soft-matter environment and can withstand simple device-processing steps. Studies on single-walled carbon nanotubes used as one of the electrodes in molecular switch tunnel junctions have revealed that interfacial chemical interactions involving electrodes containing carbon, silicon, and oxygen are good choices when carrying out molecular electronics on the class of rotaxane- and catenane-based molecules reported in this review. This conclusion is supported by differential conductance measurements (at 4 K) made with single-molecule transistors using the break-junction method. It transpires that the electronic transport properties in such devices are more sensitive to the chemical nature of the molecule–electrode contacts than the details of the molecules' electronic structure away from the contacts. This result has profound implications for molecular electronics and highlights the importance of also considering the molecules and the electrodes as an integrated system. It all adds up to an integrated systems-oriented approach to nanotechnology that finds its inspiration in the transfer of concepts like molecular recognition from the life sciences into materials science and provides a model for how, in principle, to transfer elements of traditional chemistry to technology platforms that are being developed on the nanoscale. Before there can be any serious prospect of a technology, there has to be some good, sound science in the making. Molecular electronics is very much in its infancy and, as such, it can be expected to give rise to a great deal of intellectually stimulating science before it stands half a chance of becoming a viable companion to silicon-based technology. | 2,004 | 161 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2239211297",
"name": "A. Flood"
},
{
"authorId": "2249412037",
"name": "Robert J. A. Ramirez"
},
{
"authorId": "153256243",
"name": "Weiqiao Deng"
},
{
"authorId": "2249411084",
"name": "Richard P. Muller"
},
{
"authorId": "2246308591",
"name": "William A. Goddard"
},
{
"authorId": "2239210098",
"name": "J. Stoddart"
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] | null | null | 439 |
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0349003cb65c4bf15505050b51ca7d93096609f3 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0349003cb65c4bf15505050b51ca7d93096609f3 | Trehalose Glycopolymers and Hydrogels for Enhancing Protein Stability | Author(s): Lee, Juneyoung | Advisor(s): Maynard, Heather D | Abstract: Proteins are widely used in broad regions of interest from laboratories to industries and from reaction catalysts to therapeutic agents. However, the instability of proteins toward various environmental stressors both in storage and in vivo is a barrier to their general use. In this dissertation, development of trehalose glycopolymers and hydrogels to enhance protein stability and their pharmacokinetic properties is described. Traditional polymers used to prevent degradation by thermal stress and lyophilization are shown in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of three trehalose-based monomers and polymers. Trehalose glycopolymers were synthesized using free radical polymerization with trehalose moieties as side chains. The resulting polymers were then used as excipients to stabilize horseradish peroxidase, glucose oxidase, and beta-galactosidase during heating and lyophilization processes. The protein activities were subsequently tested and found to be significantly higher when the polymers were present during the stress compared to no additive and to equivalent amounts of trehalose. In Chapter 3, the conjugation of trehalose polymers to therapeutic proteins, including insulin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, to enhance stability and improve pharmacokinetic properties is described. First, the insulin structure was monitored by native gel before and after heating an insulin solution to 90 i?½C for 1 h. The structure of insulin was maintained when trehalose polymers were added as additives whereas insulin alone or with trehalose as an additive completely or partially lost its original structure. To prepare polymers with protein reactive end-groups, ketone and benzaldehyde end-group functionalized chain transfer agents were synthesized and used to mediate reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of trehalose monomers. The prepared polymers were covalently conjugated to insulin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor through reductive amination. Pharmacokinetic studies using mice showed a dramatic increase in the half-life of insulin-trehalose polymer conjugates compared to native insulin and the effect was similar to that of insulin-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates. Also, the synthesis of a trehalose polymer with aminooxy end-group that could form an oxime bond and modification of cell surface with ketone functional group are presented. Chapter 4 demonstrates the preparation of trehalose and hyaluronic acid-based delivery agents. There are four different approaches discussed to enable stabilization and delivery of proteins. With the described technologies, the protein may be delivered passively or by triggered release. In Chapter 5, we report the use of a trehalose polymer as a new resist that allows direct electron beam lithography writing of multiple proteins. First, trehalose glycopolymer was shown to effectively crosslink to surfaces as negative resists. Also, it was observed that proteins were stabilized during electron beam exposure and vacuum conditions when the trehalose glycopolymer was added into the protein solution. Using this technique we could directly pattern multiple proteins at the micrometer and nanometer scale without additional steps, such as preparing protein-reactive polymer or conjugating proteins to polymer patterns. Utilizing the high precision alignment capability of electron-beam lithography, surfaces with complex patterns of multiple proteins were successfully generated. | 2,014 | 1 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2108384229",
"name": "Juneyoung Lee"
}
] | null | null | 440 |
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034a831ec6c222947ef665c17a14bd8fab2e2c34 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/034a831ec6c222947ef665c17a14bd8fab2e2c34 | A new approach to lithium–heavier alkali metal interchange reactions: synthesis of a tetralithium pentasodium mixed alkoxide–amide dome-shaped cage compound with an encapsulated hydroxide molecule | An investigation of metal–metal interchange reactions between alkali metal amides and alkali metal alkoxides, relevant to the area of ‘superbases’, has uncovered a novel adduct containing both components, which has been isolated from solution and crystallographically characterised. Formulated as [Li4Na4(ButO)4{PhN(H)}4(NaOH)(4-Me-py)4], this tetralithium pentasodium mixed alkoxide–amide can be synthesized either by reaction of lithium anilide with sodium t-butoxide or of sodium anilide with lithium t-butoxide, in the presence of the co-ordinating solvent 4-methylpyridine (4-Me-py). The single sodium hydroxide molecule in the formulation occurs adventitiously, but consistently. X-Ray crystallographic studies reveal a 17-vertex dome-shaped structure founded on a (NaN)4 basal ring, above which lies a smaller (LiO)4 ring then an apical Na atom: the OH− ion occupies an internal position within the dome. Discussion focuses on the striking resemblance between this structure and that of the previously reported tetralithium pentapotassium mixed alkoxide–enolate [Li4K4(ButO)4(C6H11O)4(KOH)(THF)5], and it is pointed out that the dominant factor in their common architectural design appears to be the encapsulated hydroxide molecule. | 2,000 | 12 | null | [
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"authorId": "1726124",
"name": "A. Kennedy"
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{
"authorId": "9946921",
"name": "Jonathan G Maclellan"
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{
"authorId": "5110117",
"name": "R. Mulvey"
},
{
"authorId": "49731602",
"name": "A. Robertson"
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] | null | null | 441 |
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034b605c315fe109e30723f0078e756ab94306c9 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/034b605c315fe109e30723f0078e756ab94306c9 | New Approaches for Radiation Curable Pressure Sensitive Adhesives | Radiation curable pressure sensitive adhesives (RC-PSA’s) research is actively ongoing in Surface Specialties, Inc. (UCB). Market and technical drivers include high productivity, good processing flexibility, low processing temperature, low or zero VOC, and the potential to achieve high performance on par with solventborne technology. A new generation of RC-PSA’s has been developed based on the results of multiple technical approaches. The new RC-PSA resins are acrylated urethane oligomers/polymers, in which the backbone comprises a block copolymer of several functional building blocks. The RC-PSA formulations based on the new synthetic resins have shown two advantages: workable viscosity and a good balance between tack, peel strength and shear strength. Synthesis, formulation and evaluation work of these RC-PSA materials will be described in this presentation. The data on major PSA performance parameters are presented in comparison with the performance of commercial solvent-borne PSA and UV-PSA products. Introduction Commercial interest in radiation curable adhesives continues due to the potential for this technology to deliver immediate cure, higher overall production output, and lower energy consumption, reduced floor space occupied with work-in-progress and low or no VOC emissions. However, to usurp those currently well-entrenched technologies such as solventbased, water-based as well as hot-melt adhesives, radiation curable adhesive technology must demonstrate an exceptional balance of adhesive performance without introducing new concerns and shortcomings. Moreover, it must do so at a cost that, together with its benefits, provides added value to the end-user. This is truly a formidable challenge. The viscoelasticity of an adhesive refers to the balance of both flow (viscous property) and stiffness (elastic property). As such viscoelasticity governs macromolecular flow, deformation, resistance to deformation and energy dissipation and therefore impacts both the bonding and debonding aspects of adhesion . Conventional polyurethane elastomers have proven to be very successful and versatile for adhesive applications. The polyurethane backbone, which contributes flexibility and hydrogen bonding, exhibits exceptional adhesion, heat resistance and toughness. Although many factors may be involved, there appear to be two main factors, inherent molecular structure and crosslink density, that play a critical role in determining adhesion performance. Flexible polyurethane elastomers consist of mainly two segmented structures: long and flexible polyol chains, “soft segments”, and relatively short rigid polyurethane/polyurea linkages, “hard segments”. The characteristic properties of the resultant elastomer depend largely upon secondary or hydrogen bonding of polar groups in the polymer chains. Hydrogen bonding in the hard segments is strong, causing the hard segments to agglomerate into domains within structures having long flexible chains. A two-phase microstructure consisting of hard and soft segments is formed . As a measure of crosslink density of cured conventional polyurethane network, the average equivalent weight per branch point in the crosslinked polymer network, designated as Mc, will typically vary from 2,000 for an elastic material to about 25,000 for a very soft material. Therefore, conventional soft, flexible, high-elongation polyurethanes are mainly linear in structure and posses a relatively low degree of branching . The expectation for RC-PSA technology was historically very optimistic: radiation curable adhesives would grow rapidly, and penetrate solventborne and waterborne as well as hot melt PSA markets. However, these ambitious growth forecasts never fully materialized. As a technical point, this is because the balance between viscous and elastic properties, or the balance of molecular weight and crosslink density (measured by Mc), or ultimately, the balance of tack, adhesion and cohesion in these radiation curable systems, was never well-controlled. As Ozawa and co-workers indicated, the balance of the adhesive and the cohesive strength within the cured coating is critical to the performance of the RC-PSA, and the UV(ultraviolet light) or EB (electron beam) energy must be delivered to the wet film in a controlled and efficient fashion. Based on DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and DCA (dynamic contact angle) analysis, probe tack and peel adhesion decreased monotonically with an increase of storage moduli E' and loss moduli E" for all non-UV and UV cured blends while their holding power was higher. It was shown that modulus values and glass transition temperatures (Tg) of these blends after UV irradiation were higher than those before UV irradiation. In short, the deformation energy of UV cured blends was reduced by the curing process. In general, radiation curable formulations, due to viscosity/handling considerations of high molecular weight oligomers, which impart flexibility and elongation, need to be diluted with low molecular weight, therefore low viscosity monomers. These monomers may have mono-, di-, trior higher functionality. Oligomers usually contain at least two terminal (meth) acrylate groups, which upon curing/copolymerizing/crosslinking with monomers become branch points. As monomer functionality increases Mc and elongation at break decrease, whereas tensile strength, Tg, and hardness increase. . On other hand, when the absolute number of double bonds (functionality of monomers/oligomers) in the formulation is reduced in order to suppress the excess crosslinking, the radiation curing may proceed locally, and the network is not fully formed. This results in failure to obtain sufficient cohesion strength as a whole. In addition to viscoelastic properties, surface energy (tension) of the PSA materials is another critical factor for adhesion performance. Experimental Section 1. Overview Three commercial PSA products were used as benchmarks for comparative purposes. The first one, designated Benchmark 1, is a solvent-based PSA product that is very popular in the current high performance PSA market, and the second and third, designated Benchmark 2 and 3 respectively, are two commercially available UV-curable hot-melt PSA products. All synthesized resins were screened for compatibility with tackifier, UV reactivity, and general performance as pressure sensitive adhesives. Most of the synthesized resins were compatible with a variety of tackifier systems including rosin and rosin derivatives, hydrocarbon (both aromatic and aliphatic) tackifier resins, as well as terpene resins, from 15 to 80 parts per hundred (phr) based on resin solids. Likewise, most resins were cured with 1 phr photoinitiator using two, 600-watts per inch (W/inch) Fusion UV lamps at 150 fpm (300 mJ/cm) using nominal adhesive film thicknesses of 2 mil. Since the base resins were typically synthesized in organic solvent, all initial formulation work was done in the solvent. For selected resins, the solvent was stripped and the base resin was blended with tackifier, photoinitiator, and additives. 2. Formulation The formulation preparation was done with a SpeedMixer Model DAC 150 FVZ from FlackTek, Inc. (Landrum, SC), manufactured by Hauschild Engineering, Hamm, Germany. A typical formulation procedure is summarized below: 1) Weigh synthesized resin into 100 g disposable cup (#501-221 from FlackTek), add Tackifier 1, mix at 3,000 rpm for 3 minutes (“3K3m”). 2) The mixing step may be repeated for several times as necessary for homogeneous mixing. 3) Weigh Tackifier 2 if necessary and mix as in steps 1 and 2. 4) Weigh photoinitiator and mix to form a homogeneous solution. 5) Sample is then drawn down to form a 2 mil film. Some base resins (solvent-stripped) could be mixed with tackifier, photoinitiators, and additives in the SpeedMixer and coated with a ChemInstruments HLC-101 laboratory hot-melt coater. Other base resins were mixed with a Ross Model DPM-1Qt Double Planetary Mixer with High Viscosity “HV” blades, and then coated, cured, and hand laminated as described above 3. Test Sample Preparation All tapes for PSA evaluation were prepared by adhesive transfer. The uncured, liquid PSA was drawn down on release paper (Loparex Poly Slik 111/120, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, roll No. W03180672), and UV cured as described above. Drawdowns were made by Gardco Automatic Drawdown Machine, 12-in stroke with a Braive Instruments adjustable Bird applicator, the typical film thickness was 2 mil. The cured adhesive on release paper was warmed in a 70 ° C oven for 30 minutes, and then held under vacuum to evacuate for 1 hour. The adhesive side exposed to the UV radiation was laminated with polyester film (Pilcher Hamilton Corp, 200 gauge, and control no. 7877222) using two double passes of an 8-inch hard rubber roller (5.03 Kg with handle held horizontally). The laminate was trimmed, and cut into 1 inX7 in strips. The films were left for 24 hours at CTH (constant temperature and humidity) conditions. All testing was done from the side of the adhesive not exposed to UV radiation. Adhesive film thickness was determined by non-destructive testing with a ChemInstruments (Fairfield, OH) Micrometer MI-1000, which was calibrated before each set of measurements. Film thickness values were reported as the average of five measurements each on three randomly selected strips and recorded to 0.01 mil precision. 4. Screening Screening involved the determination of 1) physical compatibility of tackifier with the resin, 2) UV cure reactivity, and 3) general suitability for a pressure sensitive adhesive. If the resin was incompatible with tackifiers, or if a first-pass formulation gave extremely low tack or shear strength, the evaluation was stopped. 5. Performance Testing All performance testing was conducted in a constant temperature/constant humidity controlled room held at 23 + 2 °C, 50 + 5% relative humidity. CTH consistency was monitored b | 2,004 | 0 | null | [
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"name": "V. Lu"
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"name": "M. Johnson"
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"name": "J. Qiao"
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{
"authorId": "2104506710",
"name": "Sarah Shinkwin"
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] | null | null | 442 |
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034c847637b1d0a1b4833aeea99b9d99f4bdb9e3 | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/034c847637b1d0a1b4833aeea99b9d99f4bdb9e3 | Ceria coated hexagonal mesoporous silica core–shell composite particle abrasives for improved chemical–mechanical planarization performance | null | Journal of porous materials | 2,018 | 6 | null | [
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"name": "Xiangyu Ma"
},
{
"authorId": "2144353120",
"name": "Yang Chen"
}
] | null | null | 443 |
034d2791ca1f44b33f2da4aceaf5bcf1975633c3 | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/034d2791ca1f44b33f2da4aceaf5bcf1975633c3 | Triple-Cation-Based Perovskite Photocathodes with AZO Protective Layer for Hydrogen Production Applications. | Metal halide perovskites are actively pursued as photoelectrodes to drive solar fuel synthesis. However, currently, these photocathodes suffer from limited stability in water, which hampers their practical application. Here, we report a high-performance solution-processable photocathode composed of cesium formamidinium methylammonium triple-cation lead halide perovskite protected by an Al-doped ZnO (AZO) layer combined with a Field's metal encapsulation. Careful selection of charge transport layers resulted in an improvement in photocurrent, fill factor, device stability and reproducibility. The dead pixels count reduced from 25 to 6% for the devices with an AZO layer, and in photocathodes with an AZO layer the photocurrent density increased by almost 20% to 14.3 mA cm-2. In addition, we observed a 5-fold increase in the device lifetime for photocathodes with AZO, which reached up to 18 h before complete failure. Finally, the photocathodes are fabricated using low-cost and scalable methods, which have promise to become compatible with standard solution-based processes. | ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces | 2,019 | 43 | {
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{
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"name": "M. D. De Volder"
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] | https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/20.500.12942/711463/3/acsami.9b04963%20-%20ZL.pdf | lirias.kuleuven.be | 444 |
034e05a6b0646693f2c54ea6de3f8f95d8d68d2c | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/034e05a6b0646693f2c54ea6de3f8f95d8d68d2c | Synthesis and Properties of Composites Based on Hydroxyapatite, Magnetite, and 2-Arylaminopyrimidine Derivatives | null | Nanotechnologies in Russia | 2,019 | 0 | null | [
{
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03548853f0401a0bfe3a5d22dee728dd2f73d41e | Organic Anions Facilitate in Situ Synthesis of Mesoporous LTA Zeolites | The synthesis of hierarchical zeolites commonly relies on mesoscale templates such as surfactants or polymers to form mesopores during zeolite crystallization employing a space-filling strategy. Herein, we demonstrated a class of small anions as organic mesopore-generating agents (OMeGAs) including oxyanions, nitranions, and carbanions to create mesopores with average diameters 9–20 nm based on rationally designed experiments screening a wide range of acidic-proton-bearing molecules. The small organic molecules with pKa < ∼13.5 all facilitated mesopore formation in LTA zeolites, whereas those with higher pKa values did not. Density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations unraveled dual roles of OMeGAs: chemical effect via SN2-type nucleophilic attack to cleave framework Si–O/Al–O bonds in situ and steric hindrance effect of molecular clusters formed via self-assembly of Ala– and Na+ ions in solution. Given the rich variety in the scope of organic anion precursors, the general synthetic proce... | Chemistry of Materials | 2,019 | 17 | null | [
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"name": "Chao Chen"
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"name": "Dong Zhai"
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03581ca96621da36b7455c8e8cd8803dcaa50cf9 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03581ca96621da36b7455c8e8cd8803dcaa50cf9 | Application of Ionic Liquids in Oxidative and Acidic Catalysis | Ionic liquids (IL) are drawing increasing and considerable attention in the field of catalysis as perfect, non-volatile, thermally stable solvents and media for liquid phase selective reactions [1]. We represent here examples from the catalytic chemistry, where ILs has been successfully used for improving two industrially important reactions.
Well-known commercial synthesis of terephthalic acid (TPA) is based on aerobic oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid solution of the Co/Mn/Br catalyst, that followed by the cost and energy-consuming hydropurification of the crude TPA product from p-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) [2]. We showed that addition of ILs (dialkylimidazolium acetate and bromide) and ammonium acetate changes properties of the conventional solvent to improve solubility and accelerate oxidation of 4-CBA to TPA. Efficient combinations of the additives and appropriate reaction conditions have been selected to obtain the target product with 4-CBA content below 25 ppm [3]. Positive effect is caused by excellent solvating ability of ILs for TPA and 4-CBA. The designed catalytic systems can be applied to obtain high-quality TPA just after oxidation stage, without the hydropurification.
The next example is related to the alkylation of benzene with dodecene-1 for production of linear alkylbenzene catalyzed with binary 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride system. This catalyst showed high performance in the synthetic detergent not only from neat dodecene-1, but from the feedstock containing a mixture of C10-C13 alkanes and C10-C13 alkenes. The best results have been obtained when the mole fraction of [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid is around 40%. Furthermore, the optimal reaction conditions, such as benzene/alkene ratio (1.6-3) and temperature (30-40°C), have been found. In this case, a very high 98-99% yield of detergent is achieved [4]. | 2,018 | 0 | null | [
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"name": "N. Y. Adonin"
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"authorId": "91195481",
"name": "B. Bal’zhinimaev"
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0358d1963bade2ee01b1d808453e3a3d739d46cd | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0358d1963bade2ee01b1d808453e3a3d739d46cd | Materials by design—Prospects and challenges | The present form of material science and technology in practice is an outcome of 'discovery based approach', in which various features of the materials are investigated in detail and the acquired knowledge is put to use in looking for their possible applications in different fields. In this endeavor, a variety of processes and products are developed using available scientific knowledge and technological methods based on mostly heuristic approach. With the recent development of nanoparticle size materials and study of their characteristic properties, it is foreseeable that in coming 10 to 20 years, it will be feasible to use a systematic approach of 'problem based search for solution' in material science and technology. This implies that it will be quite possible to synthesize a material with tailored properties required for a given situation under consideration. A systematic design methodology is under active development in this context where the physical, chemical and biological behaviour of different types of nanoparticle size material building blocks will be put to use to have the right kind of the synthetic material that will fulfill the needs. Theoretical models, developed in this context, will not only help in deciding the final composition details in terms of different building blocks but would also provide help to work out reliable and reproducible routes to manufacture the designed materials in an economical way. This situation will arise only after having complete understanding of the relationship between nanoparticle size and composition to their physical, chemical and biological behaviours. Next comes the development of reliable models to study the interactions with each other among such building blocks based on 'cause and effect' principles like thermodynamics and kinetics. Laboratory scale experimental validations would be established through a variety of model materials to generate library of unit processes related to material synthesis. These models could also be used in developing fast screening procedures to find out the most probable routes of synthesis without going through the time consuming and costly experimental route alone. While taking the advantages of chemical synthesis, already in progress at a fast pace, it will be additionally beneficial to develop self-assembled monolayer (SAM) material growth technology combined with molecular recognition technique to synthesize newer materials and components. Bioinspired material synthesis techniques, based on SAM and molecular recognition, which are very much prevalent in nature, would thus add another dimension to design materials for specific applications. Highly sophisticated measurement and characterization tools would be required to probe extremely small material particles and their collective behaviour while studying the correlation between nanostructure and their characteristic features. This approach of 'materials by design' is certainly going to revolutionize the materials technology in a big way. A clear case of paradigm shift is apparent in relation to the way material science and technology problems are solved by the scientists and engineers in near future. Global cooperation and collaborations among the workforces, deployed in different countries in such development projects, besides the development of matching pattern of undergraduate and graduate level educational programs will be critically important for commensurate speed of the overall developments. 'Materials by design' is a global problem solving approach and therefore all must put in their best and comprehensive efforts. Sooner we prepare ourselves and enter into the mainstream, better it will be to reap the fruits of such global efforts. The importance of various R&D initiatives to be taken up in this context is highlighted in this paper. Very brief description of our own R&D activities in various National Laboratories and Academic Institutions in the area of nanotechnology is also inclu | 2,005 | 6 | null | [
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"name": "S. Ahmad"
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035dcd31c21b18b1f013638e38d614735eb74d8e | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/035dcd31c21b18b1f013638e38d614735eb74d8e | ELECTROCHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES OF LAYER-BY-LAYER POLYMER FILMS | However, these systems often require more expensive, specifically designed organic or polymer systems to achieve performance and stability, and remain most appropriate for small area. The desire for cheap and simple displays, which can easy to produce and offer reasonable contrast in multiple colors has lead to investigation of eletrochromic devices, which can provide reasonable contrast without angle dependence, backlights or extensive materials synthesis efforts. 7,8 Most of the studies have been focused on inorganic or organic small-molecular weight materials on electrochrmism, however, more recently thin conducting polymer films have been received much attention. Because inorganic or organic small-molecular weight materials have difficulties in processing and slow response time, conjugated redox-active organic polymers are needed. Concerning the making of electrochromic film, conventionally electropolymerization or spin-casting of soluble derivatives have been used. Recently, Decher and co-workers developed an effective and convenient method for ultra-thin film assembly, namely, the layer-by-layer (LBL) method, based on alternatively electrostatic adsorption of oppositely charged species from diluted solutions. 9 | 2,006 | 0 | null | [
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"authorId": "72530340",
"name": "Kyungsun Choi"
},
{
"authorId": "6015753",
"name": "R. Zentel"
}
] | null | null | 449 |
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035de03d8fa585b6373d5ea36795fa1544617c57 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/035de03d8fa585b6373d5ea36795fa1544617c57 | Synthesis and gas permeation properties of a single layer PDMS membrane | In this work, a new polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane was synthesized and its sorption, diffusion, and permeation properties were investigated using H2, N2, O2, CH4, CO2, and C3H8 as a function of pressure at 35°C. PDMS, as a rubbery membrane, was confirmed to be more permeable to more condensable gases such as C3H8. The synthesized PDMS membrane showed much better gas permeation performance than others reported in the literature. Based on the sorption data of this study and other researchers' works, some valuable parameters such as Flory-Huggins (FH) interaction parameters, χ, etc., were calculated and discussed. The concentration-averaged FH interaction parameters of H2, N2, O2, CH4, CO2, and C3H8 in the synthesized PDMS membrane were estimated to be 2.196, 0.678, 0.165, 0.139, 0.418, and 0.247, respectively. Chemical similarity of O2, CH4, and C3H8 with backbone structure of PDMS led to lower χ values or more favorable interactions with polymer matrix, particularly for CH4. Regular solution theory was applied to verify correctness of evaluated interaction parameters. Local effective diffusion coefficient of C3H8 and CO2 increased with increasing penetrant concentration, which indicated the plasticization effect of these gases over the range of penetrant concentration studied. According to high C3H8/gas ideal selectivity values, the synthesized PDMS membrane is recommended as an efficient membrane for the separation of organic vapors from noncondensable gases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 | 2,010 | 58 | {
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{
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"name": "T. Mohammadi"
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] | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/app.31180 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | 450 |
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035ef3fb97646369bc7678229610b89e0a6b66c4 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/035ef3fb97646369bc7678229610b89e0a6b66c4 | E-Vermi Synthesis: A new trend in Renewable Energy | Vermicompost (also called worm compost, vermicast, worm castings, worm humus or worm manure) is the base-product of the breakdown of natural material by earthworms. Vermicompost is a nutrient-rich, organic fertilizer, and soil conditioner. The process of making vermicompost is called vermicomposting. It contains not only worm castings, but also bedding materials and organic wastes at a mixture of stages of decomposition. It also contains worms at different stages of growth and other microorganisms associated with the process. Earthworms' castings in the home garden usually contain 5 to 10 times more additional nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium than the adjacent soil. Secretions in the intestinal tracts of the worms, along with soil passing through the worms, make the nutrients needed by plants more concentrated and available for plant uptake. Using a worm box, pile, pit, bin, or windrow helps expand and develop many skills needed to enhance sustainability of farming activities. In essence, worms work as natural bioreactors. The technique generates organic fertilizers, permits harmless disposal of certain organic wastes and decreases the requirement for landfill. E - Vermicompsting Synthesis can be performed all year-round, providing that environmental conditions remain within acceptable limits. For improved efficiency, care should be taken to ensure that organic feedstock and environmental circumstances allow worms to reproduce productively and tolerate climatic fluctuations. Given appropriate conditions, vermicomposting appears to offer a relatively uncomplicated solution to the management of compostable organic wastes. Vermicompost is getting ready when a soft, spongy, sweet smelling, dark brown compost is noticeable. Adding of water can then be stopped. This compels the worms to move into the lower end of the bed and facilitates harvesting the vermicompost without much damage to the earthworms. The harvested vermicompost may be placed in the form of a cone on solid ground in bright sunlight. This further forces the earthworms still present in the vermicompost to move to the lower layers. By spreading out the vermicompost pile after about 24 to 36 hours, the earthworms from the lower layers of the vermicompost can be recovered and may be later transferred to new vermicomposting units. If necessary, the Vermicompost may be sieved through a 2-2.5 mm sieve and finally packed, preferably in polythene bags to retain its moisture. | 2,015 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "81822365",
"name": "A. Pandey"
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{
"authorId": "49071335",
"name": "S. Pandey"
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036221ad3732dc4bedeb26033cd7e3581e6d5dc1 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/036221ad3732dc4bedeb26033cd7e3581e6d5dc1 | Detectors based on Pd-doped and PdO-functionalized ZnO nanostructures | In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructured films were grown using a simple synthesis from chemical solutions (SCS) approach from aqueous baths at relatively low temperatures (< 95 °C). The samples were doped with Pd (0.17 at% Pd) and functionalized with PdO nanoparticles (NPs) using the PdCl2 aqueous solution and subsequent thermal annealing at 650 °C for 30 min. The morphological, micro-Raman and optical properties of Pd modified samples were investigated in detail and were demonstrated to have high crystallinity. Gas sensing studies unveiled that compared to pure ZnO films, the Pd-doped ZnO (ZnO:Pd) nanostructured films showed a decrease in ethanol vapor response and slight increase in H2 response with low selectivity. However, the PdO-functionalized samples showed excellent H2 gas sensing properties with possibility to detect H2 gas even at room temperature (gas response of ~ 2). Up to 200 °C operating temperature the samples are highly selective to H2 gas, with highest response of ~ 12 at 150 °C. This study demonstrates that surface functionalization of n-ZnO nanostructured films with p-type oxides is very important for improvement of gas sensing properties. | OPTO | 2,018 | 2 | null | [
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"authorId": "49840623",
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"authorId": "2004749467",
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{
"authorId": "14061227",
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03639fff1dcc849cc314e7082944839f8b43bea2 | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03639fff1dcc849cc314e7082944839f8b43bea2 | Efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes based on double organic cations | We report a FA and MA mixed hybrid perovskite quantum dot light emitting diodes using a simple synthesis method at room temperature. The green light-emitting diodes used FAxMA1−xPbBr3 quantum dots as emitting layer, which exhibited maximum luminence of 6000 cd/A, current efficiency of 6 cd/A and external quantum efficiency of 3.5%, which is more efficient than the pure FAPbBr3 PeLED. This provides an alternative route toward high efficient solution-processed perovskite-based light-emitting diodes. | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics | 2,017 | 1 | null | [
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"authorId": "153260109",
"name": "Bing Xu"
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"authorId": "47416113",
"name": "Wanyu Cao"
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0366be554a4e3c9c57acf9c719d226c7ac99e28b | {
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"authorId": "1721456",
"name": "Liyan Liang"
},
{
"authorId": "2402419",
"name": "Mangeng Lu"
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] | null | null | 454 |
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03708489801f6372165f0896832a1b20d42e3119 | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03708489801f6372165f0896832a1b20d42e3119 | In situ electron microscopic detection of proteasomes in apoptotic U937 cells | null | Doklady Biological sciences | 2,014 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "4843674",
"name": "E. Snigirevskaya"
},
{
"authorId": "3914074",
"name": "Y. Komissarchik"
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] | null | null | 455 |
0370c7458e050d138bcdae4c38efd8d33af84911 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0370c7458e050d138bcdae4c38efd8d33af84911 | From Ruthenium to Iron for the Catalytic Reduction of Ketones: Catalysis and Mechanistic Insights | A range of air- and moisture-stable phosphonium salts was prepared. Compounds were isolated in high yield and fully characterized. The properties of these compounds and the nature of their formation were explored. The phosphonium salts react with base to give phosphino-aldehydes which are important building blocks in the synthesis of PNNP ligands. The condensation reaction between phosphino-aldehydes and a diamine usually employed for the preparation of PNNP ligands was not applicable to the phosphino-aldehydes derived from these phosphonium salts as a result of the high reactivity of the nucleophilic phosphorus causing uncontrollable side-reaction.
In order to resolve this problem, a template reaction with iron(II) Lewis acid was used to suppress the reactivity of the phosphorus via coordination. The reaction was successful and gave rise to bis-tridentate complexes with PNN ligands ([Fe(Ph2PCH2CH=N – NH2)2][BPh4]2, where N – NH2 depends on diamine used) as the kinetic product and to desired tetradentate complexes with PNNP ligands (trans-[Fe(Ph2PCH2CH=N – N=CHCH2PPh2)(CH3CN)2][BPh4]2, where N – N depends on diamine used) as a thermodynamic product of the reaction. The reaction appeared to be very general; complexes
iii
with various diamines incorporated in the ligand backbone were prepared in high yield and fully characterized.
Mono-carbonylation reaction of the complexes containing tetradentate PNNP ligands resulted in the formation of the precatalysts with a general formula (trans-[Fe(Ph2PCH2CH=N – N=CHCH2PPh2)(CO)(Br)][BPh4]. These precatalysts give active (TOF up to 28000 h-1) and enantioselective (up to 95 % ee) catalytic systems for the ATH of ketones when activated with base in a solution of 2-propanol as the reducing agent.
On the basis of a kinetic study and other evidence, we propose a mechanism of activation and operation of the catalytic system involving the precatalyst trans-[Fe(CO)(Br)(Ph2CH2CH=N-((S,S)-C(Ph)H-C(Ph)H)-N=CHCH2PPh2)][BPh4] and acetophenone as a model substrate. We determined that the activation of the precatalyst to the active species involves the stereoselective reduction of one imine group of the ligand, since when the active species are quenched with acid, the complex trans-[Fe(CO)(Cl)(Ph2CH2CH-(H)N-((S,S)-C(Ph)H-C(Ph)H)-N=CHCH2PPh2)][BPh4] containing amine and imine functionalities in the backbone is produced.%%%%PhD | 2,013 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "12805907",
"name": "Alexandre A. Mikhailine"
}
] | null | null | 456 |
|
03739a048c4cdbab12b694645e9fe895c10011de | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03739a048c4cdbab12b694645e9fe895c10011de | Green Synthesis and Enhanced CO2 Capture Performance of Perfluorinated Cerium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with UiO-66 and MIL-140 Topology | Reaction of cerium ammonium nitrate and tetrafluoroterephthalic acid in water afforded two new metal-organic frameworks with UiO-66 [F4_UiO-66(Ce)] and MIL-140 [F4_MIL-140A(Ce)] topologies. The two compounds can be obtained in the same experimental conditions, just by varying the amount of acetic acid used as crystallization modulator in the synthesis. Both F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce) feature pores with size < 8 Å, which classifies them as ultramicroporous. Combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that both compounds contain a small amount of Ce(III), which is preferentially accumulated near the surface of the crystallites. The CO2 sorption properties of F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce) were investigated, finding that they perform better than their Zr-based analogues. F4_MIL-140A(Ce) displays an unusual S-shaped isotherm with steep uptake increase at pressure < 0.2 bar at 298 K. This makes F4_MIL-140A(Ce) exceptionally selective for CO2 over N2: the calculated selectivity, according to the ideal adsorbed solution theory for a 0.15:0.85 mixture at 1 bar and 293 K, is higher than 1900, amongst the highest ever reported for metal-organic frameworks. The calculated isosteric heat of CO2 adsorption is in the range of 38-40 kJ mol-1, indicating a strong physisorptive character. | 2,018 | 0 | null | [
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/037890c3295678b02aeb46fd81fe1b0c1e751b47 | Synthesis of Fluorene‐Bridged Arylene Vinylene Fluorophores: Effects of End‐Capping Groups on the Optical Properties, Aggregation Induced Emission | We have synthesized a series of fluorene-based fluorophores, in which a central fluorene core has been modified with different peripheral arylene vinylene substituents that are able to activate aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. 9,9-Dioctylfluorene doubly end-capped at the 2,7-positions with triphenylethene groups, such as 4-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)phenyl (F1-(2,2)-HTPE) and 4-(1,2-diphenylvinyl)phenyl (F1-(1,2)-HTPE) were synthesized and compared to the tetraphenylethene analogue (F1-TPE). Both F1-(2,2)-HTPE and F1-(1,2)-HTPE glow with a deep blue fluorescence in THF solution with emission maxima (λem) of 426 and 403 nm, respectively. The λem slightly red-shifts in the solid-state to 458 nm for F1-(2,2)-HTPE and 437 nm for F1-(1,2)-HTPE. The fluorescence quantum yields (oF) of F1-(2,2)-HTPE (oF=35.1 %) and F1-(1,2)-HTPE (oF=26.2%) were found to be higher in solution compared to the near quenching of F1-TPE (oF=0.1%). Consequently, this results in weaker AIE-stability of F1-(2,2)-HTPE (αAIE=1.5) and F1-(1,2)-HTPE (αAIE=1.9) compared to F1-TPE (αAIE=125), suggesting that four phenyl groups are necessary for efficient AIE-activity of these fluorene bridged arylene vinylene type materials. In addition, decreasing the steric hindrance around the arylene vinylene moiety by removal of a phenyl ring is another method to decrease the AIE characteristics, in a similar manner to the commonly known "phenyl-locking". Non-polar triphenylethenes are poorer AIE materials than their tetraphenylethene analogues. Replacing the hydrogen atom of F1-(2,2)-HTPE with a cyano group affords fluorene end-capped with 2,3,3-triphenylacrylonitrile (F1-TPAN), which boosts the AIE-effect to αAIE=90.5 and red-shifts the solid-state emission (λem=528 nm) with near quenching in THF solution (oF=0.12%). X-ray crystallographic analysis of F1-TPAN indicates that the introduction of cyano groups can not only diminish the intramolecular steric hindrance in comparison of F1-TPE, but also improve the molecular cohesion ability via multiple CH···N interactions. | 2,015 | 11 | null | [
{
"authorId": "143659427",
"name": "Guo-Feng Zhang"
},
{
"authorId": "6786863",
"name": "Tao Chen"
},
{
"authorId": "10110776",
"name": "Ze-Qiang Chen"
},
{
"authorId": "71317570",
"name": "M. P. Aldred"
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{
"authorId": "50123052",
"name": "Xiang-gao Meng"
},
{
"authorId": "49716269",
"name": "Mingqiang Zhu"
}
] | null | null | 458 |
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0378fe34ead5b143a46ea820066d3625bc16f522 | Lemon-Fruit-Based Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Soft Rot Bacterial Pathogen Dickeya dadantii | Edible plant fruits are safe raw materials free of toxicants and rich in biomolecules for reducing metal ions and stabilizing nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are the most produced consumer nanomaterials and have known antibacterial activities but have rarely been used against phytopathogenic bacteria. Here, we synthesized ZnONPs and TiO2NPs simply by mixing ZnO or TiO2 solution with a lemon fruit extract at room temperature and showed their antibacterial activities against Dickeya dadantii, which causes sweet potato stem and root rot disease occurring in major sweet potato planting areas in China. Ultraviolet–visible spectrometry and energy dispersive spectroscopy determined their physiochemical characteristics. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed the nanoscale size and polymorphic crystalline structures of the ZnONPs and TiO2NPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed their surface stabilization groups from the lemon fruit extract. In contrast to ZnO and TiO2, which had no antibacterial activity against D. dadantii, ZnONPs and TiO2NPs showed inhibitions on D. dadantii growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation, and maceration of sweet potato tuber slices. ZnONPs and TiO2NPs showed similar extents of antibacterial activities, which increased with the increase of nanoparticle concentrations, and inhibited about 60% of D. dadantii activities at the concentration of 50 µg∙mL−1. The green synthetic ZnONPs and TiO2NPs can be used to control the sweet potato soft rot disease by control of pathogen contamination of seed tubers. | Biomolecules | 2,019 | 86 | {
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/12/863/pdf?version=1576745091"
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{
"authorId": "31975997",
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{
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"name": "Md. Arshad Ali"
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{
"authorId": "28258786",
"name": "M. M. I. Masum"
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{
"authorId": "13397319",
"name": "Bin Li"
},
{
"authorId": "7333159",
"name": "Guo-chang Sun"
},
{
"authorId": "23727381",
"name": "Youqing Meng"
},
{
"authorId": "71698964",
"name": "Yanli Wang"
},
{
"authorId": "4221926",
"name": "Q. An"
}
] | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/12/863/pdf?version=1576745091 | www.mdpi.com | 459 |
037974bcfece6a714538bfc512201676dffcc582 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/037974bcfece6a714538bfc512201676dffcc582 | Method for solving sucrose ester caking in triphosgene process-based synthesis of sucralose ester | The invention relates to a method for solving sucrose ester caking in triphosgene process-based synthesis of sucralose ester. According to a technical scheme, the method includes the steps of 1, accurately measuring, by a Karl-Fischer trace moisture tester, moisture in trichloromethane at 800-1600ppm; 2, adding into a reactor 1 part of triphosgene and 6 parts of 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane, performing stirring to dissolve them, and allowing cooling to minus 5 DEG C; 3, slowly dropwise adding, by weight, 1.4 parts of a dimethyl formamide solution of sucrose-6-acetic ester, and holding the temperature not exceeding 5 DEG C, wherein the dimethyl formamide solution of sucrose-6-acetic ester is pre-prepared and made from 0.40 part of cane sugar; 4, holding the temperature lower than 5 DEG C for 2 hours. The method has the advantages that the presence of trace moisture helps quicken the growth of sucrose-6-acetic ester oxyalkyl chloride salt in the step 2, at a speed corresponding to that of Vilsmeier reaction in the step 1, and caking is avoided; DMF consumption is minimum, and reaction time is shortest. | 2,015 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "66898606",
"name": "李建新"
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{
"authorId": "72994360",
"name": "李建斌"
},
{
"authorId": "97018866",
"name": "徐松波"
}
] | null | null | 460 |
|
0379bb0d6fe5756bb8cf193cd50b2141f3e99421 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0379bb0d6fe5756bb8cf193cd50b2141f3e99421 | Synthesis , Characterization , and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of 4-( N )-Docosahexaenoyl 2 ′ , 2 ′-Difluorodeoxycytidine with Potent and Broad-Spectrum Antitumor Activity 1 , 2 | In this study, a new compound, 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2′, 2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (DHA-dFdC), was synthesized and characterized. Its antitumor activity was evaluated in cell culture and in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. DHA-dFdC is a poorly soluble, pale yellow waxy solid, with a molecular mass of 573.3 Da and a melting point of about 96°C. The activation energy for the degradation of DHA-dFdC in an aqueous Tween 80–based solution is 12.86 kcal/mol, whereas its stability is significantly higher in the presence of vitamin E. NCI-60 DTP Human Tumor Cell Line Screening revealed that DHA-dFdC has potent and broad-spectrum antitumor activity, especially in leukemia, renal, and central nervous system cancer cell lines. In human and murine pancreatic cancer cell lines, the IC50 value of DHA-dFdC was up to 10 -fold lower than that of dFdC. The elimination of DHA-dFdC in mouse plasma appeared to follow a biexponential model, with a terminal phase t1/2 of about 58 minutes. DHA-dFdC significantly extended the survival of genetically engineered mice that spontaneously develop pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In nude mice with subcutaneously implanted human Panc-1 pancreatic tumors, the antitumor activity of DHA-dFdC was significantly stronger than the molar equivalent of dFdC alone, DHA alone, or the physical mixture of them (1:1, molar ratio). DHA-dFdC also significantly inhibited the growth of Panc-1 tumors orthotopically implanted in the pancreas of nude mice, whereas the molar equivalent dose of dFdC alone did not show any significant activity. DHA-dFdC is a promising compound for the potential treatment of cancers in organs such as the pancreas. Neoplasia (2016) 18, 33–48 Address all correspondence to: Zhengrong Cui, Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712. E-mail: [email protected] This work was supported in part by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (CA179362 and CA135274) to Z. C. Y. W. N. was supported by a doctoral scholarship from the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education. Conflict of interest: None. Received 11 August 2015; Revised 11 November 2015; Accepted 11 November 2015 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Neoplasia Press, Inc. This is an open access article under theCCBY-NC-NDlicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1476-5586/15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.012 Introduction Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that has been extensively investigated for its potential antitumor activity, either as a single agent or in combination with other cancer chemotherapeutic agents [1–5]. Omega-3 PUFAs are known to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells [6,7], inhibit cancer cell invasiveness [8], and inhibit metastasis and angiogenesis in tumor tissues [9–11]. The exact mechanism underlying the antitumor activity of omega-3 PUFAs remains unknown, but it is thought to be in part related to its potent antioxidant activity [6]. To better take 34 In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of DHA-dFdC Naguib et al. Neoplasia Vol. 18, No. 1, 2016 advantage of the antitumor activity of DHA, it was previously conjugated with some commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic agents, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and camptothecin [12–14]. For example, Bradley et al. showed that conjugation of DHA to paclitaxel significantly modified the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of paclitaxel, prompting the testing of the DHA-paclitaxel conjugate (i.e., Taxoprexin) in clinical trials [14–16], although the DHA-paclitaxel conjugate was not more cytotoxic than paclitaxel alone against many tumor cells in culture [14,17,18]. Gemcitabine HCl (2′, 2′-difluorodeoxycytidine HCl, dFdC) is a fluorinated deoxycytidine analogue. It is one of the standard treatments of locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer [19,20] and is also used in combination therapy of other solid tumors including breast, bladder, lung, and ovarian cancers [19,21,22]. Extensive deamination at the 4-amino site, which takes place both intracellularly and extracellularly by the action of cytidine deaminase, is responsible for the loss of about 90% of dFdC after intravenous administration, and the deaminated metabolite difluorodeoxyuridine is almost inactive [19,23–26]. More than 99%of administered dFdC is excreted in the urine, with unchanged dFdC comprising only 5% [19,27]. Over the years, there have been reports showing that chemical modifications of this fluorinated deoxycytidine analogue may potentially improve its efficacy and/or safety profiles. For example, it was shown that conjugation of a fatty acid, such as stearic acid, to dFdC at the 4-NH2 group decreases the sensitivity of the latter to deaminase; modifies its pharmacokinetics; and, in some cases, improves its in vivo antitumor activity [24,28–41]. In the present study, we report the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2′, 2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (DHA-dFdC) conjugate. DHA-dFdC showed potent and broad spectrum antitumor activity in various human cancer cell lines in culture. DHA-dFdC also showed an unexpectedly longer residence time in mouse pancreas compared with dFdC. Because pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive, and in most cases fatal, types of cancer, with a mortality rate almost equal to incidence rate [42,43], the antitumor activity of the DHA-dFdC was primarily evaluated in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods Materials Gemcitabine HCl (dFdC) was from Biotang, Inc. (Lexington, MA). Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide HCI and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ). Di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), vitamin E, HPLC-grade methanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, and Tween 80 were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole was from CreoSalus, Inc. (Louisville, KY). Isopropylmyristate (IPM)was fromTCIAmerica (Montgomeryville, PA). Anhydrous sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, monoand di-basic sodium phosphates, ethyl acetate, HPLC-grade acetonitrile, dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, hexane, and octanol were from Thermo Fisher (Waltham,MA). BDMatrigel BasementMembraneMatrix was fromBD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). D-Luciferin K salt bioluminescent substrate was from Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA). Guava Nexin reagent for flow cytometry was from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity detection kit was from Takara-Clontech Laboratories, Inc. (Mountain View, CA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI 1640) medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, streptomycin, horse serum, and Dulbecco’s phosphate buffer saline were all from Invitrogen-Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). All other chemicals, reagents, and solvents were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Cell Lines Panc-02 (mouse pancreatic cancer cell line), BxPC-3 (humanpancreatic cancer cell line), MIA PaCa-2 (human pancreatic cancer cell line), and TC-1 (mouse lung cancer cell line) were from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Panc-1-luc human pancreatic cancer cell line was generously provided byDr. Dawn E. Quelle at the University of Iowa [44]. TC-1 andPanc-02 cells were grown inRPMI1640medium. BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2, and Panc-1-luc cells were grown in DMEM. All media were supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml of penicillin, and 100 g/ml of streptomycin, and the DMEM for MIA PaCa-2 cells was supplemented additionally with 2.5% horse serum. Synthesis of DHA-dFdC DHA-dFdC was synthesized following a previously reported conjugation scheme with slight modifications [24,25,29] (Scheme 1). Briefly, dFdC (1) (200 mg, 0.67 mmol) in 13.3 ml of 1 N potassium hydroxide was cooled to 4°C. To this solution, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc2O, 1.483 g, 6.8 mmol) in 13.3 ml of anhydrous dioxane was added over 10 minutes under argon atmosphere as previously reported [45]. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature (~22°C) for 1 hour and extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and filtered. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was added to Boc2O (1.483 g, 6.8 mmol) in 13.3 ml of anhydrous dioxane and 13.3 ml of 1 M KOH at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by thin-layer chromatography. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was extracted to EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. Solvent was then removed, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (DCM to acetone, 1:1, v/v). The desired product fractions were pooled and dried to yield 219 mg (71%) of 3′,5′-O-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl) dFdC (2). H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (500 MHz, acetone-d) δ 7.60 (1 H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, 6-CH), 6.34 (1 H, brs, 1′-CH), 5.97 (1 H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, 5-CH), 5.29 (1 H, brs, 3′-CH), 4.53-4.39 (3 H, m, 4′-CH, 5′A-CH, 5′B-CH), 2.82 (2 H, s, NH2) 1.50, 1.47 (18 H, two s, (CH3)3C). A solution that contains 3′,5′-O-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl) dFdC (150 mg, 324 μmol), DHA (123 mg, 373.9 μmol), and hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (75 mg, 551.1 μmol) in anhydrous DCM was precooled to 4°C, and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide HCI (93.75 mg, 604.1 μmol) was added. The mixture was degassed by vacuum sonication and then stirred at room temperature under argon for about 40 hours. Water (5 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and extracted three times with amixture of EtOAc and hexane (2:1, v/v). The combined organic phase was washed with saturated ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and brine and then dried over anhydrousNa2SO4. The solvent was evaporated, and t | 2,016 | 0 | null | [
{
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{
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] | null | null | 461 |
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{
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{
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{
"authorId": "153746250",
"name": "O. Semchuk"
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03827f064547087f39483e673fcc9608b06265be | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03827f064547087f39483e673fcc9608b06265be | Determination of the Synthesis Diagram of Sodium Cobalt Oxide and Electrochemical Study by YUECHUAN | A complete and uniform synthesis diagram of NaxCo0s has been proposed based on forty-one samples synthesized at various temperatures from 450'C to 750'C by solid-state reactions with initial Na:Co ratio ranging from 0.60 to 1.05. Four monophasic domains of' 03, 03', P3' and P2 and four biphasic regions were revealed based on an XRD analysis. The sodium contents in these phases were determined according to the d 0 0 j-x relations obtained by an in situ XRD experiment and it is found 03, 03' and P3' phase almost form with only one stoichiometry, that is x=1.00, 0.83 and 0.67 respectively, by solid-state reaction while P2 phase forms in a slightly larger composition range from 0.68 to 0.76. Galvanostatic charging on 03-Nai.ooCoO0 2 battery reveals several plateaus and steep steps on the voltage curve, the corresponding phase transitions and solid solution behaviors were studied by a simultaneous in situ XRD experiment. The composition driven structural evolution in three layer NaXCo02 follows the sequence: 03-03'-P3'-P3-P3', with a generally increased interslab distance dool. | 2,014 | 0 | null | [
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03841f919c76f82bd238e42612d09c2d7042b893 | Nanocomposites based on silicon dioxide of different nature with functional titanium dioxide nanoparticles | null | Nanotechnologies in Russia | 2,016 | 4 | null | [
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03849782d40200035ae65566f9553850dae7722f | MISO – Motion in the Science Ocean Project Based Learning Using Mobile Devices – Synthesis of Biodiesel by Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Catalysis | Six European schools from very different parts of Europe (Agrupamento de Escolas da Maia - Portugal, Anne-Frank-Schule Bargteheide – Germany, Ozel Bilkent Lisesi – Turkey, Sandsli VGS – Norway, Institut Pau Vila – Spain and Liceul Teoretic Iancu C. Vissarion - Romenia, have developed an Erasmus+ project for Exchange of Good Practices, MISO, in order to increase student interest in science, foster the use of ICT with different applications for experiments, share experiences between teachers and students and collaboratively examined new approaches to teaching and learning of science (E-learning Tools). In recent years the automobile industry has been looking for alternatives to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. One of the solutions can be vehicles containing a normal internal combustion engine that uses the biodiesel as combustion This research study used Project Based Learning as pedagogical methodology, through the use of mobile devices and was done by students of Chemistry of 12th grade. Students aimed to synthesize Biodiesel by transesterification of refined soybean oil with methanol by basic catalysis using laboratory materials. They studied the effect of the amount of catalyst on the synthesis of biodiesel, they evaluated the acidity index of biodiesel and they also studied the miscibility of the produts obtained with ethanol and hexane. FT-IR was used to monitor the reaction . Mobile devices were used during the project to take photos and to record videos of the experimental procedure. Different type of APPS (Magisto, Animoto, Popplet and Scapple) were used to report the results . This work showed that transesterification is a simple, easy and economically accessible method of synthesizing biodiesel. This project enabled students to deepen and apply their previous and new learning, develop their critical thinking, their creativity and communication, increase their autonomy, organizational management of work, interpersonal relations and motivation for the learning . | 2,019 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "144807422",
"name": "I. Allen"
},
{
"authorId": "2055675696",
"name": "José Dias"
},
{
"authorId": "2111821716",
"name": "Luísa Santos"
},
{
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},
{
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"name": "R. Ribeiro"
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"name": "Sofia Ferreira"
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{
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{
"authorId": "1413740316",
"name": "Miguel Ledo"
},
{
"authorId": "2061984304",
"name": "Rita Barbosa"
}
] | null | null | 466 |
|
03866e74e3b40e761e576b0c851f18c5d54b5408 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03866e74e3b40e761e576b0c851f18c5d54b5408 | Phase Composition and Morphology of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles Produced via a Pyrolytic Process | The chemical synthesis is a leading route for the purposeful design of nanomaterials, whereas the tungsten oxides are employed in a variety of special applications. The production of nanomaterials by traditional synthetic methods is still a cumbersome multistep procedure. Here we propose an improved method to produce tungsten oxide nanoparticles via a pyrolytic process. A tungsten-containing precursor was prepared by liquid extraction using n-trioctylamine (C8H17)3N solution in toluene. We have shown that the conditions of thermal treatment of the W-based precursor determine the crystalline structure and nanomorphology of the final product. Monoclinic WO3 nanocrystallites are produced conducting the pyrolysis above 450 °C. The proposed method is a facile and versatile route to produce and control the phase composition and morphology of tungsten oxide-based nanomaterials. | 2,018 | 3 | null | [
{
"authorId": "90800126",
"name": "V. Serga"
},
{
"authorId": "7847306",
"name": "D. Zablotsky"
},
{
"authorId": "93114208",
"name": "A. Krumina"
},
{
"authorId": "90028047",
"name": "M. Lubāne"
},
{
"authorId": "88348166",
"name": "G. Heidemane"
}
] | null | null | 467 |
|
0386abbff5cba5504f621bfa0085f8c497e33de6 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0386abbff5cba5504f621bfa0085f8c497e33de6 | The Polyurethane-Drug Composites: Synthesis, Properties and a Kinetic Model | Oligoglycol-based polyurethane composites were synthesized and filled with an antibiotic—cephasoline. Using mechanical testing as well as IR-spectroscopy and HPLC methods, the properties of these composites were studied as biodegradable carriers for medicinal substances. Cephasoline was found to be released at an appreciable rate from the polyurethane carriers into a physiological solution at 37°C. A catalyst (Fe tris-acetylacetonate) added to the cephasoline-polyurethane system not only helped to optimize the polymerization process but also provided for steady release of cephasoline in vitro during a long time. | 2,001 | 8 | null | [
{
"authorId": "21555408",
"name": "M. Grigorieva"
},
{
"authorId": "93452609",
"name": "I. Gladir"
},
{
"authorId": "72423799",
"name": "N. Galatenko"
}
] | null | null | 468 |
|
038c1ba4b92dcd212ec8b5b3a73634ac465ee570 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/038c1ba4b92dcd212ec8b5b3a73634ac465ee570 | Hydrogen transport into the bottom of the lower mantle by phase H- phase delta solid solution MgSiO2(OH)2-AlOOH | Water circulation in a global scale is a key for understanding dynamics and evolution of the Earth. Subducting slabs transport water into the Earth’s deep interior. There are many studies on the stability of hydrous phases under the deep mantle conditions, and several hydrous minerals such as phase D and superhydrous phase B have been reported to be stable to the top of the lower mantle. It has been reported that hydrous phase δ-AlOOH is stable up to the bottom of the lower mantle (Ohtani et al., 2005; Sano et al., 2008). Tsuchiya (2013) theoretically predicted that Phase H, MgSiO 2(OH)2, which is the iso-structure withδ-AlOOH, is stable from 45 GPa to 55 GPa. This phase was experimentally confirmed at around 50 GPa (Nishi et al., 2014). Here, we present our recent results on synthesis experiments of hydrous phase H and a solid solution of phase H and phase δ up to th base of the lower mantle along the normal mantle geotherm. The high pressure and high temperature in situ X-ray diffraction experiments were performed by using a double-sided laser heated diamond anvil cell at BL10XU, SPring-8. We observed that the stability field of this new candidate of water reservoir, hydrous phase H, under the lower mantle conditions up to 75 GPa and 2000 K in the MgO-SiO2-H2O system, although the previous studies claimed that phase H is broken down at pressures above 55 GPa. Thus, hydrous phase H is a host phase of water in the lower mantle at least up to the depth of 2000 km along both slab and normal mantle geotherms. Our experiments also revealed that the solid solution of phase H and phase δ, AlOOH-MgSiO2(OH)2, containing 15 mol % of MgSiO2(OH)2 can coexist with Mg-perovskite and/or Mg-post perovskite up to 135 GPa and 2000 K. If this hydrous phase contacts with the metallic outer core, hydrogen could be dissolved into the core by forming iron hydride, FeH (Terasaki et al., 2012). | 2,014 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "5897375",
"name": "E. Ohtani"
},
{
"authorId": "73410493",
"name": "Y. Amaike"
},
{
"authorId": "15902469",
"name": "I. Ohira"
},
{
"authorId": "35937098",
"name": "S. Kamada"
},
{
"authorId": "5799689",
"name": "T. Sakamaki"
},
{
"authorId": "35110388",
"name": "N. Hirao"
}
] | null | null | 469 |
|
0391505648c401f8488ff62aba06c84ad7a4fdcf | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0391505648c401f8488ff62aba06c84ad7a4fdcf | Poly(cyclic imino ether)s : from chiral poly(2-oxazoline)s to thermo-responsive polymers | Poly(cyclic imino ether)s: From chiral poly(2-oxazoline)s to thermo-responsive polymers In nature, most polymers are chiral and form a defined secondary structure like helices or sheets. However, synthetic chiral polymers that form such secondary structures are less common. 2-Oxazolines can be polymerized via a living cationic ring-opening polymerization process. Since this monomer can become chiral when the 4th or 5th position is substituted, the goal of this research was to evaluate whether polymerization of such monomers yield chiral polymers that form secondary structures. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and living polymerization of chiral 2-butyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazolines (BuEtOx) under microwave-assisted conditions to decrease the polymerization time and to optimize the polymerization process. The difference in solution properties between the racemic and the enantiopure polymers was investigated by solubility tests, optical rotation, circular dichroism (CD) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The combined results revealed that the racemic poly-RS-2-butyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline (p-RS-BuEtOx) is optically inactive and forms a random coil in solution making the polymer soluble in most organic solvents while the enantiopure p-R-BuEtOx and p-S-BuEtOx are only soluble in a small range of solvents. The enantiopure polymers are optically active and form a flexible structure that fluctuates around an ordered secondary structure with only a part of the monomeric units in an ordered conformation at the same time like observed for natural polyproline II type helices. The solid state properties of the polymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and CD measurements of polymer films revealing that the enantiopure polymers form chiral crystalline structures while the racemic polymer is completely amorphous. How the alkyl side-chain length on the 2-position of the chiral monomer influences the polymer properties was investigated in Chapter 3. P-R-2-ethyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline (p-R-EtEtOx) and poly-R-2-octyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline (p-R-OctEtOx) have approximately the same optical properties in solution as p-R-BuEtOx; however, when the side-chain length is increased further to nonyl-chains the secondary structure measured by CD changed significantly in the solid state. P-R-EtEtOx was completely amorphous while poly-R-2-nonyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline (p-R-NonEtOx), p-R-OctEtOx and poly-R-2-undecyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazoline (p-R-UndeEtOx) are semi-crystalline like p-R-BuEtOx, although with a much lower melting temperature. The crystals formed were found to be chirally ordered. The thermal properties and the CD results suggest that main-chain crystallization occurs in p-R-BuEtOx, while only side-chain crystallization takes place in the chiral polymers with longer alkyl side-chains. In the first part of Chapter 4 the presence of the majority rule effect is investigated by copolymerizing R-BuEtOx with S-BuEtOx in different ratios. Optical rotation and CD measurements of the copolymers revealed that the chiral polymer is not rigid enough to force the enantiomer that is in the minority to rotate in the same direction as the major enantiomer. Nonetheless, the thermal properties of these copolymers could be controlled by the ratio of the monomers. In the second part of Chapter 4 amphiphilic statistical and block copolymers are discussed based on the hydrophilic 2-etyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and the hydrophobic chiral R-BuEtOx or racemic RS-BuEtOx. The statistical copolymerization resulted in the formation of a gradient copolymer where the monomer composition gradually changed from EtOx rich to pure BuEtOx. These gradient copolymers as well as block copolymers with different block ratios self-assembled into water as determined by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was found that the type of structure formed depends on whether the racemic block or the enantiopure block is used and on the R-BuEtOx to EtOx ratio. Besides chiral poly(2-oxazoline)s also a new thermo-responsive poly(2-oxazoline), namely poly-2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline was developed which revealed a significantly faster polymerization rate compared to other 2-oxazolines and a thermal response in aqueous solution at a slightly higher temperature compared to poly-2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline measured by turbidity measurements, viscometry and DLS. The obtained polymer is amorphous with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 80 °C, desirable for potential biomedical applications. The influence of a series of Hofmeister salts was investigated on the cloud point temperatures of various thermo-responsive poly(2-oxazoline)s using turbidimetry. The ionic response decreased with the decrease in hydrohilicity of the poly(2-oxazoline). Furthermore, the influence of the monomer ring-size on the thermal response of the polymers was investigated by synthesizing and polymerizing a series of 2-oxazines. The obtained polymers have a lower cloud point temperature compared to the corresponding poly(2-oxazoline)s. The alkyl side-chain length had a stronger influence on the cloud point temperature than the number of methylene units in the backbone. These thermo-responsive polymers are described in Chapter 5. In general it can be concluded that the enantiopure polymers are chirally ordered and form a more compact structure compared to the racemic polymer. Copolymerizing the enantiopure monomer with a hydrophilic comonomer results in amphiphilic self-assembled structures in water, which might be useful for separating enantiomeric mixtures in aqueous solution or for drug delivery applications. Furthermore, the synthesized thermo-responsive poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s will be potentially interesting building blocks for applications requiring easy control over the cloud point temperature. Due to the amorphous nature and desirable high Tg of poly(2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline), this polymer has a significant potential as material for biomedical applications. | 2,012 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "94305827",
"name": "Mm Meta Bloksma"
}
] | null | null | 470 |
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0391be91b52aa6f15e84d3c87037cfa4dbf9cc7d | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0391be91b52aa6f15e84d3c87037cfa4dbf9cc7d | In Situ Synthesis of Ni(0) Catalysts Derived from Nickel Halides for Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane | null | Catalysis Letters | 2,013 | 11 | null | [
{
"authorId": "46554417",
"name": "Lan Yang"
},
{
"authorId": "1651819500",
"name": "W. Luo"
},
{
"authorId": "40057613",
"name": "Gongzhen Cheng"
}
] | null | null | 471 |
039339ea7d9e05d7fc163db354a3a125da61b217 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/039339ea7d9e05d7fc163db354a3a125da61b217 | Structure and magnetic properties of Zn1−xCoxO single-crystalline nanorods synthesized by a wet chemical method | A novel approach for the synthesis of cobalt-doped ZnO single-crystalline nanorods based on a wet chemical reaction has been developed. The as-doped ZnO nanorods have a length between 0.3 and 0.6 µm and a diameter between 30 and 60 nm. Structure and composition analyses indicate that the cobalt is incorporated into the ZnO lattice, forming a solid solution without any precipitation. Magnetic property measurements reveal that there is room-temperature ferromagnetism in the Zn1−xCoxO nanorods with Tc higher than 300 K. | 2,006 | 66 | null | [
{
"authorId": "46507227",
"name": "Hao Wang"
},
{
"authorId": "120240858",
"name": "H. Wang"
},
{
"authorId": "2218914791",
"name": "F. Yang"
},
{
"authorId": "123331558",
"name": "Y. Chen"
},
{
"authorId": "144641200",
"name": "C. Zhang"
},
{
"authorId": "2117953234",
"name": "C. Yang"
},
{
"authorId": "122927123",
"name": "Q. Li"
},
{
"authorId": "48046761",
"name": "S. Wong"
}
] | null | null | 472 |
|
0394eae4a4a031a1d7e262964252b3834938c6b3 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0394eae4a4a031a1d7e262964252b3834938c6b3 | Synthesis and properties of multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics | null | 2,008 | 43 | null | [
{
"authorId": "152682982",
"name": "Q. Jiang"
},
{
"authorId": "143639744",
"name": "C. Nan"
},
{
"authorId": "2144275875",
"name": "Yao Wang"
},
{
"authorId": "2108173105",
"name": "Yuheng Liu"
},
{
"authorId": "34850353",
"name": "Z. Shen"
}
] | null | null | 473 |
|
03971dbe694d88079a2c423c2aa492489ffa1e27 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03971dbe694d88079a2c423c2aa492489ffa1e27 | Synthesis and Properties of N,N-Dimethyl-2-Amino-Pyrimidine-Based Copolymer Containing Thiophene Unit | A new monomer(4,6-dichloro-N,N-dimethyl-2-amino-pyrimidine) was synthesized and its conjugated copolymer,Poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamio)-4,6-pyrimidine-alt-2,5-thiophene](PThPm) was obtained by Grignard reaction with 2,5-dibromothiophene.Both monomer and polymer were characterized by 1H-NMR and FT-IR.Acidichromic properties of copolymer in N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) were studied.The polymer shows the PL spectrum, giving a peak at 528 nm.The polymer has a certain thermal stability and crystallizable.The copolymer is quite sensitive to organic acids such as CF_3COOH and CH_3SO_3H.Copolymer is electrochemically active in both oxidation and reduction regions from -1.8 V to +1.8 V with a color change of the DMF solution around electrode from deep blue to deep red. | 2,008 | 1 | null | [
{
"authorId": "15795499",
"name": "Nurulla Ismayil"
}
] | null | null | 474 |
|
0397612f173245e48ab92f063ce0e8519254562c | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0397612f173245e48ab92f063ce0e8519254562c | Synthesis and Characterization of SmxGdyCe1-x-yO2-δ Nanopowders | SmxGdyCe1-x-yO2-δ (x+y=0.2 and x=0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2) nanopowders were prepared by a coprecipitation method. The zeta potential and sedimentation volume of Ce(OH)4 aqueous dispersions at different pH values were measured. The isoelectric point (IEP) of Ce(OH)4 suspensions is 7.0. The maximum potential value of -18.5 mV and maximum sedimentation volume of 19 ml are reached at pH=10. The evolution behaviors of and XRD. The powders decompose to ceria based solid solution at a temperature below 300℃ and forms cubic fluorite structure ceria at about 650℃. The properties of SmxGdyCe1-x-yO2-δ solid solutions were characterized by XRD, TEM and BET. The lattice parameter of doped CeO2 increases linearly with increasing Sm3+ substitution (or decreasing Gd3+ substitution). The particle size of the doped ceria powders is from 5 nm to 10 nm. | 2,005 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "92394178",
"name": "YongwangZHAO"
},
{
"authorId": "92745090",
"name": "ZhefengWANG"
},
{
"authorId": "84485416",
"name": "Jun-peng"
},
{
"authorId": "92327935",
"name": "WenguangZHAO"
}
] | null | null | 475 |
|
039b385e73911f0ebeb7d2e16f2b523238fc0057 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/039b385e73911f0ebeb7d2e16f2b523238fc0057 | Facile Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and UV−Vis Spectroscopy of Novel Urchin-like TiO2/TiB2 Heterostructures | A TiO2/TiB2 heterostructure with a sea-urchin shape, as a new material system, was successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach in an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine (EDA). This complex architecture is a core/shell urchin structure composed of high-density anatase TiO2 (A-TiO2) nanorod-built networks (shell part) that stand on a TiB2 microcrystal (core part). The microstructure can be controlled by the temperature, time, reactants, and additives. A three-step sequential “oriented attachment growth” model is proposed based on the observations from a time-dependent and temperature-dependent morphology evolution process. Importantly, UV−vis absorption spectra show that the absorption peak and absorption edge has an obvious shift to a lower energy because of the nanometric effect and N-doping. | 2,009 | 19 | null | [
{
"authorId": "40621302",
"name": "F. Huang"
},
{
"authorId": "6064421",
"name": "Z. Fu"
},
{
"authorId": "1848010",
"name": "A. Yan"
},
{
"authorId": "144812980",
"name": "Weimin Wang"
},
{
"authorId": "48016915",
"name": "Hao Wang"
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{
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"name": "Yucheng Wang"
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{
"authorId": "1519066104",
"name": "Jinyong Zhang"
},
{
"authorId": "3032083",
"name": "Yi-bing Cheng"
},
{
"authorId": "8326366",
"name": "Qingjie Zhang"
}
] | null | null | 476 |
|
039c539ce119052ae2d482385a5d1255b3fb99fb | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/039c539ce119052ae2d482385a5d1255b3fb99fb | Water-Soluble Polymers. 81. Direct Synthesis of Hydrophilic Styrenic-Based Homopolymers and Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solution via RAFT | Homopolymers of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate have been synthesized directly in aqueous media by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). The resulting homopolymers have narrow molecular weight distributions, with polydispersity indices in the range 1.12−1.25, as determined by aqueous size exclusion chromatography. Using a dithioester-capped sodium 4-styrenesulfonate homopolymer as a macro chain transfer agent, a block copolymer with sodium 4-vinylbenzoate has been prepared in aqueous media. Additionally, a block copolymer of (ar-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride with N,N-dimethylvinylbenzylamine has been synthesized, using the same methodology. We believe these represent the first examples of AB diblock copolymers prepared directly in aqueous media via the RAFT process. Both block copolymers are stimuli-responsive and undergo reversible pH-induced micellization in aqueous solution. Micelles with hydrodynamic diameters in the range 18−38 nm were observed by dynamic light sc... | 2,001 | 574 | null | [
{
"authorId": "11735392",
"name": "Y. Mitsukami"
},
{
"authorId": "3590413",
"name": "M. S. Donovan"
},
{
"authorId": "9840229",
"name": "A. Lowe"
},
{
"authorId": "144766020",
"name": "C. McCormick"
}
] | null | null | 477 |
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039cd711cd4976dd9b1b6b723fe6289e298364be | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/039cd711cd4976dd9b1b6b723fe6289e298364be | Main group mechanochemistry | Over the past decade, mechanochemistry has emerged as a powerful methodology in the search for sustainable alternatives to conventional solvent-based synthetic routes. Mechanochemistry has already been successfully applied to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), organic compounds, metal oxides, coordination compounds and organometallic complexes. In the main group arena, examples of synthetic mechanochemical methodologies, whilst still relatively sporadic, are on the rise. This short review provides an overview of recent advances and achievements in this area that further validate mechanochemistry as a credible alternative to solution-based methods for the synthesis of main group compounds and frameworks. | Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry | 2,017 | 47 | {
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/content/pdf/1860-5397-13-204.pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "26890120",
"name": "Agota A Gečiauskaitė"
},
{
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"name": "Felipe García"
}
] | https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/content/pdf/1860-5397-13-204.pdf | www.beilstein-journals.org | 478 |
039e9816195edf63193adee3ecfbe658a4c62c3b | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/039e9816195edf63193adee3ecfbe658a4c62c3b | Synthesis and luminescent characteristics of europium dopants in SiO2/Gd2O3 core/shell scintillating nanoparticles | Scintillating nanoparticles with a SiO2 core and a Gd2O3 shell, where either the core or the shell was doped with Eu3+, were synthesized with a solution precipitation process. Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data, an ∼13 nm Gd2O3 shell was successfully coated onto ∼220 nm mono-dispersed SiO2 nanocores. Concentrations of ∼20 at% Eu3+ in the SiO2/Gd2O3 nanoparticles exhibited photoluminescent (PL) emission from the 5D0-7F2 transitions of Eu3+ at 609 and 622 nm after being calcined at 800 °C for 2 h. The SiO2 remained amorphous after calcining, while the Gd2O3 crystallized to a cubic structure. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) data showed that emission from Eu3+ could result from direct excitation, but was dominated by the oxygen to europium charge-transfer band (CTB) between 250 and 300 nm. The quantum yield (QY) from SiO2/Gd2O3:Eu3+ core/shell nanoparticles excited at wavelengths in the CTB decreased from 25.0% to 16.5% with addition of a SiO2 shell to form a SiO2/Gd2O3:Eu3+/SiO2 nanostructure. In contrast, the QY increased to 32.2% from a SiO2/Gd2O3:Eu3+/Gd2O3 nanostructure. This increased luminescence with a Gd2O3 surface shell is attributed to reduction of surface quenching sites. Moreover, for a SiO2:Eu3+ core, addition of a Gd2O3 capping layer increased the PL intensity by four times, which was attributed to the crystalline Gd2O3 layer also acting as an antenna for energy transfer to the SiO2:Eu3+ core. | 2,010 | 25 | null | [
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{
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"name": "Mark S. Davidson"
},
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03a137f50d8d002fba285ef714acf4ab6de82905 | Affinity Analyses on Moldable Optical Polycarbonate | phy to generate surface microarrays (Figure 1B), or self-assembly processes (Figure 1C). Here we investigate the development of arrays by directly molding receptors in plastic (Figure 1D). This approach offers versatility in the fabrication of biosensors for both twoand three-dimensional arrays. To develop this process, we turned to polycarbonate (PC), as its superior mechanical and optical properties have led to its general use in laboratory and clinical devices. PC is a thermoplastic polymer that is highly transparent to visible light and provides better optical properties than many types of glasses as well as high impact (Hardness–Rockwell M70) and temperature resistance (<130 8C). Most importantly, it can be molded on a commercial scale by using injection molding and extrusion methods. We began by designing a general strategy to dope receptors in PC. A motif was required that was soluble in PC, yet would not be extracted when exposed to aqueous media. Compound 1 was chosen as it contained a tricarbonate tail for retention in PC (left-hand boxes in Figure 2A), a polyethylene glycol linkage to deliver the receptor to the surface (center boxes in Figure 2A), and an amide bond for ligand attachment (right-hand boxes in Figure 2A). Moreover, spectrophotometric analysis substantiated a better doping efficacy when using compound 1 in comparison with 2 and 3, as shown in Figure 2B. This analysis was performed in order to determine the relative doping efficacy. Milled polycarbonate 100–200 mm resin was doped from solutions containing 100, 50, 5, 0.5, or 0.1 nm of 1–3. Solutions were filtered after the doping process and analyzed spectrophotometrically for the uptake of 1–3 in the resin. The relative uptake was best observed from 0.1 nm of 1– 3. Figure 2B depicts the relative fluorescence intensity of solutions. As shown, compound 1 provides the best doping efficacy. The synthesis of dopant 1 was completed in six steps from commercially available bisphenol A (4). The synthesis was begun by applying the methods of Brunelle to prepare oligomer 5. Under high dilution, 5 was converted to 6 by sequential treatment with methylchloroformate and p-nitrophenylchloroformate. The desired poly(ethylene glycol) linkage was then ACHTUNGTRENNUNGinstalled by coupling 6 to single-molecular-weight azidopolyACHTUNGTRENNUNG(ethylene glycol) 7 to afford 8 (see Scheme 1 and the Supporting Information). A fluorescent sandwich assay with a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) XRI-TF35, elicited against the 7-dimethylaminocoumarinacetamide motif, was used to evaluate receptors arrays developed from 8. For this antibody, receptor-labeled 1 was prepared by Staudinger reduction of azide 8 followed by peptide coupling to acid 9 (Scheme 1). As designed, the left side of 1 served to anchor the material in PC, and the right side provided a ligand to screen surface accessibility. Doping studies were conducted on commercially-available Makrolon CD2005 PC milled to 150 50 mm and doped by shaking 100 mg of resin in 1 mL of 50 nm 1 in ethanol for 2 h, followed by washing with water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). This protocol was sufficient to prepare resins doped with standardized concentrations to the limit of detection of 1 by fluorescence microscopy (~10 nm on Nikon TE 3000 at maximum excitation at 377 50 nm and emission at 447 60 nm). The effectiveness of the doping process was evaluated by screening samples of the doped PC for leaching of 1. After weeks of incubation in PBS, no significant changes were observed in the intensity of blue light emission from resin doped with 50 nm 1 (see the Supporting Information) or by examining the aqueous media spectrophotometrically. [a] Dr. K.-S. Ko, Dr. P. Najmabadi, Dr. J. J. La Clair, Prof. Dr. M. D. Burkart Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California–San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0358 (USA) Fax: (+1)858-822-2182 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected] Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.chembiochem.org or from the author. Figure 1. Strategies for constructing and actualizing affinity based devices. A) Bead-based methods use sorting to generate, display, and analyze molecular reactions. B) Lithographic methods are implemented to display surface microarrays and transact analyses on their surface. C) Self-assembled devices can also be used to develop microarrays. D) Molding of plastics can also be implemented to display receptor arrays. | ChemBioChem | 2,008 | 2 | null | [
{
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"name": "Kwang-Seuk Ko"
},
{
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"name": "Peyman Najmabadi"
},
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"name": "J. L. La Clair"
},
{
"authorId": "2218706",
"name": "M. Burkart"
}
] | null | null | 480 |
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"name": "Journal of materials chemistry. B",
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03ad684614e121a262cd4323952de343aa6c4787 | Double network hydrogels based on semi-rigid polyelectrolyte physical networks. | Applying the double network principle to develop tough hydrogels with different polymer chemistries is important for the potential application of hydrogel materials. Synthesis of the two interpenetrated networks with contrasting structure and properties required for double networks usually involves a two-step polymerization process. In this work, we present a new method to synthesize tough double network hydrogels by post-physical crosslinking of linear semi-rigid polyelectrolytes entrapped in a chemically crosslinked neutral network. Owing to their semi-rigid structure, the linear polyelectrolytes form a brittle physical network above their overlap concentration in multi-valent ZrCl2O ion solutions without macroscopic phase separation within the flexible neutral network. The double network hydrogels thus prepared exhibit high modulus (∼1.7 MPa), strength (∼1.3 MPa), fracture strain (∼7.3), and strain energy density (∼5.9 MJ m-3), while containing over 80% water. These materials also exhibit modest self-healing ability (∼51% after 30 minutes), demonstrating an additional benefit of a physical sacrificial network. This method is simpler than the conventional two-step polymerization and could be applied to develop tough hydrogels from rigid polyelectrolytes, including biopolymers such as DNA, HA, and chondroitin sulfate. | Journal of materials chemistry. B | 2,019 | 27 | {
"status": "GREEN",
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{
"authorId": "46681103",
"name": "Riku Takahashi"
},
{
"authorId": "151368455",
"name": "Takuma Ikai"
},
{
"authorId": "1893720",
"name": "T. Kurokawa"
},
{
"authorId": "47405529",
"name": "Daniel R. King"
},
{
"authorId": "2240555018",
"name": "J. Gong"
}
] | https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/79727/1/JMaterChemB%282019%29_Takahashi-Ikai.pdf | eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp | 481 |
03b08d02d8d149e9aafc0bedd98e7cc39142003c | {
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"issn": "0036-0236",
"name": "Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry",
"type": "journal",
"url": "https://link.springer.com/journal/11502"
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b08d02d8d149e9aafc0bedd98e7cc39142003c | Synthesis of nanostructured iron titanates by soft chemistry methods | null | Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry | 2,016 | 4 | null | [
{
"authorId": "49789271",
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},
{
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"name": "D. A. Afanas'ev"
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"name": "A. Kraev"
},
{
"authorId": "48824450",
"name": "T. V. Gerasimova"
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] | null | null | 482 |
03b0a67ea2e76b932b4483f87b976370cc0beecc | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b0a67ea2e76b932b4483f87b976370cc0beecc | Synthesis of Titanium-Vanadium Oxide Materials from Aqueous Solutions via Co-deposition | ["Titania-supported vanadium oxide is an important heterogeneous catalyst in a variety of applications. Therefore, the synthesis of mixed titanium-vanadium oxide films may be of interest for potential catalysts. While most vanadium-based catalysts consist of a vanadium oxide phase deposited on the surface of an oxide support, mixed titanium-vanadium oxides were co-deposited from aqueous solutions in a single step. The chemical composition of the titanium-vanadium oxide thin films on organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was manipulated by chelating agents, including lactic acid and oxalic acid. Based on the dependence of Ti:V ratio in the films on the oxalic acid concentration, it is concluded that oxalic acid chelates both titanium and vanadium, but preferentially vanadium. Therefore, from solutions with [oxalate]:[vanadium] amp;lt; 1:1, titanium-enriched films were formed. However, with [oxalate]:[vanadium] amp;gt; 1:1, excess oxalic acid chelates titanium as well. Consequently, the Ti:V ratio dropped back to that of films deposited in the absence of chelating agents. At high concentrations of oxalic acid, both titanium and vanadium was chelated excessively. Therefore, no films formed. Lactic acid can be oxidized by pentavalent vanadium, so that it cannot chelate cations. Therefore, when [lactate]:[vanadium] amp;lt; 1:2, V 4+ was formed. These V 4+ ions increased the deposition rate of vanadium, and vanadium-rich films were formed. For [lactate]:[vanadium] amp;gt; 1:2, the remaining lactic acid preferentially chelate vanadium and showed effects comparable to those seen with oxalic acid. The vanadium content in the mixed oxide films affected the thickness of films formed on the alkylammonium SAMs but had little or no effect on the films formed on amine SAMs. This result is consistent with the presence of a Stern layer, previously reported to form on amine-terminated surfaces. In addition to forming thin films, titanium-vanadium oxide solid-solution powders were also prepared via co-deposition. The chemical composition of the oxide was adjusted by controlling the precursor concentration and the concentration of chelating agent (oxalic acid.) Semi-empirical equations were successfully used to model the relative deposition rates of titanium and vanadium. A computer program was developed and used to predict the solid composition that can be expected from a given solution composition. The calculated composition agrees well with the experimental compositions determined by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS). The mesoporosity of the resulting materials, as well as the composition, was controlled by micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or hexadecylamine (HDA) in the deposition solution. In catalysis terms, a support (titania) and an active component (vanadia) of controlled microstructure were formed in one step. Evidence for the materials mesoporosity was provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the effect of different surfactants on the microstructure was explored. The particle size distribution was measured, and the materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visable spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and thermogravitic-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Based on the results of these characterization methods, an aggregation model for co-deposition process is proposed. Moreover, the results suggest that the surface area of the powder made using surfactants is much higher than that of powder made without surfactants and could increase its catalytic activity. To evaluate the catalytic behavior of the materials synthesized in this work, a vanadium-catalyzed oxidation of 2-hydroxy-propionic acid (lactic acid) to 2,2-dihydroxy-propionic acid (geminal diol form of pyruvic acid) was used. The activity of the catalyst was found to be proportional to its vanadium content. Compared to materials of the same composition mad"] | 2,004 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "3311576",
"name": "J. Shyue"
}
] | null | null | 483 |
|
03b3ab2e680d6a4dae50e79cf279478da95b7921 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b3ab2e680d6a4dae50e79cf279478da95b7921 | Synthesis and Analytical Application of Fluorescent Iron Ions(III) Probe Based on 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzo[d]thiazole and 2-Picolylamine Derivatives | Two novel iron ion fluorescent probes of N-(2-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(A1) and N-(2-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)phenyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(A2) that utilize 2-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole as fluorogen and bis-2-picolylamine as recognition group were designed and synthesized.The structure of the compounds was identified by UV-visible spectrum,IR spectrum,1H NMR,and 13C NMR,the fluorescence properties of the probes were also evaluated.The probe A2 exhibited excellent selectivity for recognition of iron ion among other common metal ions in CH3CH2OH/H2O(1 ∶ 1,V/V) solution,the fluorenscence quenching ratio was 95%,with a linear working range of 0.15~1.3 μmol/L and a detection limit of 10 nmol/L of Fe3+. | 2,012 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "1689892",
"name": "Yi-Fei Wei"
}
] | null | null | 484 |
|
03b462ab8db6426b77f065987e0cb0943963d9cc | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b462ab8db6426b77f065987e0cb0943963d9cc | Fibre-optic pH sensor based on silver nanoparticles for Harsh Environments | The aim of the fabrication and characterization of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) pH sensor using coatings of silver nanoparticles on optical fibre which can function in harsh environments. The objective is to determine the optimum conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles which are stable and decorate them on an optical fibre to form a pH sensor. This will unveil the sensitivity of the pH sensor with regards to the minimum particle size of silver nanoparticle and the effect of the multilayer coating. SPR has become an increasingly exploited technology for the detection and analysis of chemical and biological compounds. Silver nanostructured films fabricated by sol-gel techniques has been observed to exhibit a strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at a wavelength around 400 nm [1-3]. The spectral position of LSPR is sensitive to factors such as pH and the size of the nanoparticles. Although the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and characterization using various analytical techniques have been widely studied, the sensitivity of coating with respect to the change in pH of the solution is still required to advance the current state of knowledge. In this study, the coating of the silver nanoparticles on fibre optic will be prepared by chemical reduction involving different concentrations of silver nitrate, reaction time by dip coating method. The absorbance and light scattering behaviour of silver nanoparticles will be characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer and the particle size will be characterised by using SEM. The expected result will be used to determine the size range of the nanoparticles and the stirring time that can provide stable particles which exhibit SPS. | 2,019 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "1380662979",
"name": "S. Debnath"
},
{
"authorId": "48627285",
"name": "S. Roy"
},
{
"authorId": "37900469",
"name": "T. Green"
},
{
"authorId": "2109311195",
"name": "Yi-chieh Chen"
}
] | null | null | 485 |
|
03b54233ce9355aa796f901f782ba352d124b0db | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b54233ce9355aa796f901f782ba352d124b0db | Green and Facile Synthesis of Dendritic and Branched Gold Nanoparticles by Gelatin and Investigation of Their Biocompatibility on Fibroblast Cells | In this work, gold nanostar (AuNPs) and gold nanodendrites were synthesized by one-pot and environmentally friendly approach in the presence of gelatin. Influence of gelatin concentrations and reaction conditions on the growth of branched (AuNPs) were investigated further. Interestingly, the conversion of morphology between dendritic and branched nanostructure can be attained by changing the pH value of gelatin solution. The role of gelatin as a protecting agent through the electrostatic and steric interaction was also revealed. Branched nanoparticles were characterized by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta-potential. The chemical interaction of gelatin with branched gold nanoparticles was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IT) technique. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy results indicated the formation of branched gold nanoparticles with the maximum surface plasmon resonance peak at 575–702 nm. The structure of both nanodendrites and nanostars were determined by TEM. The crystal sizes of nano-star ranged from 42 to 55 nm and the nanodendrites sizes were about 75–112 nm. Based on the characterizations, a growth mechanism could be proposed to explain morphology evolutions of branched AuNPs. Moreover, the branched AuNPs is high viability at 100 μg/mL concentration when performed by the SRB assay with human foreskin fibroblast cells. | Processes | 2,019 | 8 | {
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/7/9/631/pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "1388246502",
"name": "Quoc Khuong Vo"
},
{
"authorId": "2130262679",
"name": "My Nuong Nguyen Thi"
},
{
"authorId": "2219583275",
"name": "Phuong Phong Nguyen Thi"
},
{
"authorId": "145596214",
"name": "D. Nguyen"
}
] | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/7/9/631/pdf | www.mdpi.com | 486 |
03b567c74d96c40ea932a9c8c79fbaca7d3b1d3a | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b567c74d96c40ea932a9c8c79fbaca7d3b1d3a | Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Doping Effects on Thermodynamic Properties of ( Dy , Y )-ZrO 2 | Ionic oxide materials play a vital role in technical applications owing to their hightemperature capability and when used as thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials, for example, they have environmentally friendly effects such as improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. Doped ZrO2 based solid solution is attracting attention, whereas doping effects on thermodynamic properties are not well understood. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of doped ZrO2 with Dy 3+ and Y via a sol-gel route. The relationship between chemical composition and thermodynamic properties is investigated via experiment and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. MD simulation has been employed to theoretically explore the crystal structure and to calculate the intrinsic thermal conductivity, which agrees well with the experiment measurement. The thermal conductivity of dense samples is lower than that of conventional 8 wt.% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (equivalent to 4 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2, 4YSZ) at room temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion is higher due to the doping Dy ion compared with that of 4YSZ. The thermochemical compatibility of Dy0.06Y0.072Zr0.868O1.934 with Al2O3 which is critical for the durability of the TBC system has been studied and can be maintained up to 1500°C. | 2,016 | 1 | null | [
{
"authorId": "47721756",
"name": "L. Qu"
},
{
"authorId": "144067503",
"name": "K. Choy"
},
{
"authorId": "2101411811",
"name": "Richard Wheatleyb"
}
] | null | null | 487 |
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03b63e3eba27b2e33bf6bbfdf398a461514bd94e | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b63e3eba27b2e33bf6bbfdf398a461514bd94e | POLYOXANORBORNENE-SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES FROM SILICA NANOPARTICLES | 2silica nanoparticles. In addition to synthesis of these organic/inorganic composites, the work included characterization of the surface initiated polymerization of several cyclic olefins. Efforts to date show evidence of backbiting reactions in established, surface-tethered polymers. This process either cleaves a ring polymer leaving an active catalyst on the surface or creates a loop on the surface and releases a chain fragment with active catalyst present at both ends of the polymer chain. This undesired side reaction places limitations on both the brush density and molecular weight of polynorbornene chains that could be grown in this fashion. 3 One proposed solution to inhibit this side reaction was to find a cyclic olefin monomer such that polymerization through the ring-opening metathesis mechanism was efficient, yet after polymerization the internal olefins would be unreactive towards the active catalyst on the living chain ends. The majority of monomers used were norbornene derivatives with different substituents on the second and third carbons. Though certain sterically hindered monomers, e.g. a 2-benzoyl-5-norbornene, polymerized at room temperature the polydispersity of the resulting polymers was too broad to indicate the absence of backbiting. The manipulation of steric factors was set aside in favor of a polarized monomer. Preparation of 5,6bis(methoxycarbonyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene was performed based on a literature procedure. 4 This cyclic olefin then underwent ring-opening | 2,005 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "1391188098",
"name": "Daniel J. Sandberg"
}
] | null | null | 488 |
|
03b71f5372efbf6395a53a39c5fd07853d00bda4 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b71f5372efbf6395a53a39c5fd07853d00bda4 | Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Electrochemical Studies of a Nicotinamide‐bridged Dinuclear Copper Complex derived from a Tridentate Hydrazone Schiff Base Ligand | The in-situ formed hydrazone Schiff base ligand (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (H2L1) and nicotinamide (L2) give the copper(II) complex [CuL1L2] on reaction with copper(II) acetate. In the solid state two copper atoms are linked by nicotinamide through coordination with its pyridyl nitrogen atom and its amide-C=O group to the dicopper(II) complex [CuL1(μ-L2)CuL1L2]. The coordination polyhedra are a CuO2N2 square and a CuO3N2 square pyramide. Cyclic voltammetric experiments of the solution species [CuL1L2] in DMF reveal reduction of the L1 ligand at three potentials with a reduction at −0.5 V resulting in decomposition of the complex. | 2,007 | 54 | null | [
{
"authorId": "6954316",
"name": "H. H. Monfared"
},
{
"authorId": "11600104",
"name": "Z. Kalantari"
},
{
"authorId": "13931942",
"name": "M. Kamyabi"
},
{
"authorId": "4379684",
"name": "C. Janiak"
}
] | null | null | 489 |
|
03b7f297b1b8e0ddd8bcc14fda116976a1807a63 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b7f297b1b8e0ddd8bcc14fda116976a1807a63 | The Synthesis and Performance of Sodium Methyl Ester Sulfonate for Enhanced Oil Recovery | Abstract Due to the high cost of surfactant production caused by petrochemical feedstocks, much attention has been given to nonedible vegetable oils as an alternative source of feedstock. A new nonedible oil-derived surfactant based on the Jatropha plant is synthesized. A single-step route was used for synthesizing sodium methyl ester sulfonate (SMES) for enhanced oil recovery application. The performance of the resultant surfactant was studied by measuring the interfacial tension between the surfactant solution and crude oil and its thermal stability at reservoir temperature. The SMES showed a good surface activity, reducing the interfacial tension between the surfactant solution and crude oil from 18.4 to 3.92 mN/m. The thermal analysis of SMES indicates that 26.1% weight loss was observed from 70°C to 500°C. The advantage of the new SMES is the low cost of production, which makes it a promising surfactant for enhanced oil recovery application and other uses. | 2,010 | 48 | null | [
{
"authorId": "70243413",
"name": "K. Elraies"
},
{
"authorId": "8613940",
"name": "I. Tan"
},
{
"authorId": "1888788",
"name": "M. Awang"
},
{
"authorId": "144704520",
"name": "I. Saaid"
}
] | null | null | 490 |
|
03b812cf3f1a2b74466e182450a824693bd29ad8 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b812cf3f1a2b74466e182450a824693bd29ad8 | Characterisation of the sol–gel process in the superconducting NdBa2Cu3O7−y system | The objective of this paper is to obtain a better insight into the sol–gel mechanism of water-based precursors for the development of thin NdBa2Cu3O7−y (NBCO) superconducting films. The influence of metal complexation behaviour on the formation of transparent and homogenous gels after the combination of different metal salts and ligands has been studied for several metal salts (Cu2+, Nd3+ and Ba2+). Two inorganic aqueous sol–gel precursors have been studied: a metal nitrate–citric acid-based and a metal acetate–triethanolamine-based solution. The characteristics of the precursor solution are based on the determination of the stability constants by the computer program Superquad. The prediction of the complex stability in this solution was related to the complexation of the three metal ions (Cu2+, Nd3+ and Ba2+) with a certain ligand. IR-spectroscopy was used for the determination of the gel. This resulted in a better understanding of the composition of the solution and could be used for preparation of more stable sol–gel precursors for the synthesis of homogeneous end products. These sol–gel systems were used for the deposition of highly textured superconducting thin films on SrTiO3 substrates by dip-coating. Using detailed thermal analysis, it is shown that the morphology of the films can be optimised by adjusting the parameters during thermal treatment, resulting in dense and highly textured thin films. Special attention is given to the microstructure of the thin film because of its relevance to the superconducting transport properties of the coated conductor system. | 2,007 | 15 | null | [
{
"authorId": "143675845",
"name": "B. Schoofs"
},
{
"authorId": "91970154",
"name": "D. V. D. Vyver"
},
{
"authorId": "34535417",
"name": "P. Vermeir"
},
{
"authorId": "37295774",
"name": "J. Schaubroeck"
},
{
"authorId": "6388458",
"name": "S. Hoste"
},
{
"authorId": "39827678",
"name": "G. Herman"
},
{
"authorId": "31100506",
"name": "I. Driessche"
}
] | null | null | 491 |
|
03b825fb7262e967cd13fff00e5b86feae0400af | {
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"DBLP": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/ja4109209",
"MAG": "2335095889",
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} | {
"alternate_issns": null,
"alternate_names": [
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],
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"http://pubs.acs.org/journals/jacsat/index.html",
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],
"id": "4193a393-c091-455e-858d-3d2c151b52b8",
"issn": "0002-7863",
"name": "Journal of the American Chemical Society",
"type": "journal",
"url": "https://pubs.acs.org/journal/jacsat"
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03b825fb7262e967cd13fff00e5b86feae0400af | Nontemplate synthesis of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles. | To date, there is no example in the literature of free, nanometer-sized, organolead halide CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites. We report here the preparation of 6 nm-sized nanoparticles of this type by a simple and fast method based on the use of an ammonium bromide with a medium-sized chain that keeps the nanoparticles dispersed in a wide range of organic solvents. These nanoparticles can be maintained stable in the solid state as well as in concentrated solutions for more than three months, without requiring a mesoporous material. This makes it possible to prepare homogeneous thin films of these nanoparticles by spin-coating on a quartz substrate. Both the colloidal solution and the thin film emit light within a narrow bandwidth of the visible spectrum and with a high quantum yield (ca. 20%); this could be advantageous in the design of optoelectronic devices. | Journal of the American Chemical Society | 2,014 | 1,046 | {
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/11336/31517/2/CONICET_Digital_Nro.6cdd8b6e-7b07-41ce-b8c3-c3c96ea8d513_A.pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "48759029",
"name": "Luciana C. Schmidt"
},
{
"authorId": "8919517",
"name": "Antonio Pertegás"
},
{
"authorId": "1398479614",
"name": "Soranyel González‐Carrero"
},
{
"authorId": "9999691",
"name": "O. Malinkiewicz"
},
{
"authorId": "9880946",
"name": "S. Agouram"
},
{
"authorId": "6021629",
"name": "G. Mínguez Espallargas"
},
{
"authorId": "5066459",
"name": "H. Bolink"
},
{
"authorId": "5344006",
"name": "R. Galian"
},
{
"authorId": "1398192671",
"name": "J. Pérez‐Prieto"
}
] | https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/11336/31517/2/CONICET_Digital_Nro.6cdd8b6e-7b07-41ce-b8c3-c3c96ea8d513_A.pdf | ri.conicet.gov.ar | 492 |
03be6226472b0ef7c562a666cd2a81d367c7a003 | {
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"DOI": "10.2116/ANALSCI.17.799",
"MAG": "2075863651",
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} | {
"alternate_issns": null,
"alternate_names": [
"Anal Sci"
],
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"http://www.jsac.or.jp/analsci/"
],
"id": "5ca77533-29f8-48aa-bc16-1432a35ad9c1",
"issn": "0910-6340",
"name": "Analytical Sciences",
"type": "journal",
"url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/analsci/"
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03be6226472b0ef7c562a666cd2a81d367c7a003 | Crystal Structure of N, N′-(p-Chlorophenyl)thiourea | mercury poisoning in humans,1 we are currently working on the synthesis of a new series of chelating agents, such as N,N′-(pchlorophenyl)thiourea (Fig. 1). In this paper, we present the crystal structure of (I). It is important to mention that there are a few structure reports exclusively concerning substitutedthiourea derivatives, which may be due to the difficulty in preparing crystals for X-ray diffraction studies. A solution of p-chloroaniline (2.25 g, 17.6 mmol) in 5 mL of anhydrous THF was slowly added to p-chlorophenylisothiocyanate (3.0 g, 17.6 mmol) in 10 mL of anhydrous THF under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ̊C for 1 h. After removing the volatile materials in a vacuum, a white powder (3.8 g, yield of 94%) was purified with ethanol and recrystallized with acetone:hexane (1:1; v/v); m.p. 154 – 155 ̊C. IR(KBr, cm–1): 320, 3167, 3012, 1531, 1487, 1086, 1011, 822 and 727. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 4.2, (s, 2H, –NH–CS–NH–), 7.4 – 7.6 (m, 8H, Ar–H). The X-ray data for the crystals of the title compound were collected by graphite-monochromatized Mo Kα radiation at 293 K. No absorption correction was applied. The compound is not sufficiently stable, and there is a change in the crystalline appearance during X-ray exposure. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares with anisotropic temperature factors for the non-hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms were assigned based on the expected bonding geometry, and those bonded to the nitrogen atoms were found in a difference-Fourier map. The hydrogen atoms were refined isotropically in the final leastsquares cycles with a fixed U value of 0.06 Å2, except for those attached to the N atoms. The software used to prepare material for publication was PARST97.2 Table 1 summarizes the crystal and experimental data. The molecular structure is shown in 799 ANALYTICAL SCIENCES JUNE 2001, VOL. 17 2001 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry | Analytical Sciences | 2,001 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2217285083",
"name": "M. Soriano-García"
},
{
"authorId": "92414184",
"name": "G. T. Chávez"
},
{
"authorId": "41205450",
"name": "F. D. Cedillo"
},
{
"authorId": "144621850",
"name": "A. Pérez"
},
{
"authorId": "47154544",
"name": "G. A. Hernández"
}
] | null | null | 493 |
03bec7a6f2a74efcac79a42b9197bf06f607b41c | {
"ACL": null,
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"DBLP": null,
"DOI": "10.1166/SAM.2012.1399",
"MAG": "2312862910",
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"PubMedCentral": null
} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03bec7a6f2a74efcac79a42b9197bf06f607b41c | Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Well-Crystallized ZnO Nanoparticles | In this paper, well-crystallized ZnO nanoparticles were rapidly synthesized by facile simple solution process at low temperature and used as an efficient electron mediator for the fabrication of non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized in terms of their morphological, structural and compositional properties. The detailed morphological characterizations confirmed the large-scale synthesis of well-crystalline wurtzite hexagonal phase ZnO nanoparticles with the typical sizes of 35 ± 5 nm. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were effectively used as an electrode material for the fabrication of efficient, highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The fabricated glucose sensor shows a high and reproducible sensitivity of 38.133 � A/cm 2 mM with a response time less than 5 s. A linear dynamic range from 1∼10 mM and correlation coefficient of R = 0.9988 were observed for the fabricated sensor. The presented work demonstrated that the synthesized ZnO nanomaterials could act as effective electron mediators for the fabrication of efficient non-enzymatic glucose sensors. | 2,012 | 28 | null | [
{
"authorId": "88077915",
"name": "Kulvinder Singh"
},
{
"authorId": "6415012",
"name": "A. Umar"
},
{
"authorId": "2124884088",
"name": "Arun Kumar"
},
{
"authorId": "11645584",
"name": "G. R. Chaudhary"
},
{
"authorId": "120301516",
"name": "Sukhjinderjit Singh"
},
{
"authorId": "81460922",
"name": "S. Mehta"
}
] | null | null | 494 |
|
03c052eac0c566d007e577bd30c878329d4dd2b2 | {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"CorpusId": 101360926,
"DBLP": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/C5RA21104B",
"MAG": "2268530212",
"PubMed": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03c052eac0c566d007e577bd30c878329d4dd2b2 | Nanocomposite membranes modified by graphene-based materials for anion exchange membrane fuel cells | Graphene oxide (GO) is synthesized through the oxidation reaction of graphite with strong oxidants and GO modified by dopamine (DGO) is also prepared via in situ self-polymerization of dopamine to form a polydopamine coating on the surface of GO. The GO or DGO is blended with chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSF) in dimethylacetamide to prepare composite anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) by solution casting, followed by quaternization and alkalization. The synthesis of GO and DGO is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection. The properties of AEMs including their water uptake, thermal stability, mechanical property and ionic conductivity are investigated. Compared with the plain quaternized polysulfone membrane, the composite membranes containing 1% GO or 0.5% DGO display higher water uptakes, stronger tensile strengths, a bigger elongation rate at break and better alkaline solution stability. The ionic conductivities of them are 1.08 × 10−2 S cm−1 and 1.07 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 60 °C, respectively. Moreover, 86.9% and 76% of the two values can be maintained after the two composite membranes are treated in 1 M NaOH solution for 120 h at 50 °C. | 2,016 | 45 | null | [
{
"authorId": "47874849",
"name": "Zhengyuan Luo"
},
{
"authorId": "47600795",
"name": "Yujiao Gong"
},
{
"authorId": "46509636",
"name": "Xiaofeng Liao"
},
{
"authorId": "116753286",
"name": "Yong-ling Pan"
},
{
"authorId": "29833947",
"name": "Hongwei Zhang"
}
] | null | null | 495 |
|
03c5c3c029b19a6c302f3d826d098bed99e0b2f0 | {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"CorpusId": 32130907,
"DBLP": null,
"DOI": "10.1007/BF00141319",
"MAG": "2032174432",
"PubMed": "15427577",
"PubMedCentral": null
} | {
"alternate_issns": null,
"alternate_names": [
"Doc Ophthalmol"
],
"alternate_urls": null,
"id": "af54a7c0-dc54-4216-b371-dd747081bf93",
"issn": "0012-4486",
"name": "Documenta Ophthalmologica",
"type": "journal",
"url": "https://link.springer.com/journal/10633"
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03c5c3c029b19a6c302f3d826d098bed99e0b2f0 | Some aspects of ocular pharmacology | null | Documenta Ophthalmologica | 2,004 | 3 | null | [
{
"authorId": "4012721",
"name": "A. J. Schaeffer"
}
] | null | null | 496 |
03c89e8ee42bdfd864785a91c3a9cc6de8663183 | {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"CorpusId": 54595765,
"DBLP": null,
"DOI": "10.1007/S11467-010-0004-Z",
"MAG": "127378948",
"PubMed": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03c89e8ee42bdfd864785a91c3a9cc6de8663183 | Chemical sensing based on the plasmonic response of nanoparticle aggregation: anion sensing in nanoparticles stabilized by amino-functional ionic liquid | null | 2,010 | 10 | null | [
{
"authorId": "1403298645",
"name": "A. García‐Etxarri"
},
{
"authorId": "3119133",
"name": "J. Aizpurua"
},
{
"authorId": "1397613737",
"name": "J. Molina-Aldareguia"
},
{
"authorId": "11935729",
"name": "R. Marcilla"
},
{
"authorId": "2235783",
"name": "J. Pomposo"
},
{
"authorId": "47373161",
"name": "D. Mecerreyes"
}
] | null | null | 497 |
|
03ca737aaeba1c66dd9aa807a7a959354d61ef75 | {
"ACL": null,
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"CorpusId": 102658163,
"DBLP": null,
"DOI": null,
"MAG": "2742508433",
"PubMed": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03ca737aaeba1c66dd9aa807a7a959354d61ef75 | Heterometallic compounds containing various (oxalato)tantalum(V) complex anions - synthesis and properties | In designing and synthesis of metal-organic coordination systems with specific properties (electrical, optical, catalytic and/or magnetic) due to their potential applications, special attention has been paid to the nature of metal ions and the geometry, flexibility and coordination preferences of the bridging ligands. Due to extraordinary coordination and electronic properties of the oxalate anion, C2O42–, a great number of oxalate-based, polynuclear (homo- and heterometallic) as well as mononuclear, discrete or polymeric, complexes has been isolated and characterized. The introduction of organic ligands containing N-donors, like 2, 2'-bipyridine or 1, 10-phenanthroline, into the metal-oxalate systems further stabilizes their solid-state structures. Weak non-covalent interactions such as π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding may adjust the dimensionality and lead to new topologies and desired functions of these supramolecular assemblies. Searching for suitable methods of synthesis leading to novel and promising polynuclear species, of significant importance has been to find appropriate mononuclear complexes that could be used as ligands towards other metal ions. Along with the frequently utilized tris(oxalato)metallate(III) anions, in our research group the tris(oxalato)oxoniobate(V) anion was first used for the same purpose. More recently, we have extended our investigation also on the (oxalato)tantalates(V) as possible building (bridging) units for the creation of new inorganic-organic frameworks. In the reactions of such (oxalato)tantalate solutions and [Ni(phen)3]2+ (phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline) cations, we managed to synthesize new transition-metal complex systems. It was found that the coordination sphere around the tantalum ion is subject to change due to the solvent change. Depending on the ratio of reactants and solvent we isolated four new heterodimetallic compounds [Ni(phen)3][phenH][Ta(C2O4)4]•7H2O, [Ni(phen)3][Ta(OC2H5)(C2O4)3]•H2O, [Ni(phen)3][Ta(OCH3)(C2O4)3]•H2O and [Ni(phen)3][Ta(OH)(C2O4)3]•8H2O. In addition to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, the characterization of the new complexes has been accomplished by means of IR and UV-vis spectroscopy as well as by the TG/DTA analysis. | 2,010 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "15499919",
"name": "Lidija Androš"
},
{
"authorId": "11454049",
"name": "P. Planinić"
},
{
"authorId": "1397480348",
"name": "D. Matković-Čalogović"
}
] | null | null | 498 |
|
03cb92522527e1e1376b6cd5e362b331e65aecf7 | {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"CorpusId": 95181628,
"DBLP": null,
"DOI": "10.1179/1432891714Z.000000000867",
"MAG": "2017238218",
"PubMed": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03cb92522527e1e1376b6cd5e362b331e65aecf7 | Synthesis of air stable silver nanoparticles and their application as conductive ink on paper based flexible electronics | Abstract Air stable silver nanoparticles (NPs) at a high concentration (up to 0·2M) were synthesised by the reduction in Ag+ ions with glucose in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solutions, for preparing nano-Ag ink applicable for direct writing on photo paper using a gel ink pen. The reaction was performed at room temperature, and the input of extra inert gas was not necessary. The UV/vis spectrum exhibited an absorption band at 413 nm, revealing the formation of Ag NPs. By the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), the resultant particles were confirmed to be pure Ag with a face centred cubic structure. From the (high resolution) TEM analysis, it was found that the mean diameter of Ag NPs was 16·5 nm, and the morphology of the particles exhibited highly crystalline nature. In addition, the excess of CTAB was effective in reducing the aggregation and size of the Ag NPs and in improving their air stability. The reduced size and enhanced air stability of the Ag NPs resulted in an improved particle density upon sintering, which was mainly responsible for the increased conductivity of the Ag patterns. The resistivity of Ag patterns sintered at 160°C for 2 h was 6·8±0·8 μΩ cm, 4·2 times the bulk resistivity. A sample paper based electrode and circuits were successfully made, and all of them exhibited excellent flexibility and good conductivity, which can be used as part of some flexible electronic devices, such as triboelectronic generator, solar cells and radio frequency identification antenna, etc. | 2,014 | 12 | null | [
{
"authorId": "153021145",
"name": "W. Li"
},
{
"authorId": "104025679",
"name": "M. Chen"
},
{
"authorId": "153021145",
"name": "W. Li"
},
{
"authorId": "144561291",
"name": "C. You"
},
{
"authorId": "2209317985",
"name": "J. Wei"
},
{
"authorId": "2071032898",
"name": "L. Zhi"
}
] | null | null | 499 |
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