alexignite/chemset1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

title stringlengths 8 78	text stringlengths 3 643
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So this group comes first, so three Ethyl.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	And then we have one comma, three one comma, three Hecta, because we have a seven carbon backbone, dying because we have two double bonds.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So once again, two double bonds, one on the first carbon, second one on the third carbon, we have an Ethyl group on the third carbon, and we have a seven carbon backbone hepta.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So three Ethyl, one three Hepta, dying for this compound.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So compound D. So now we have a ring, a compound, a ring structure.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So let's begin labeling on this guy, on this carbon.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So 123456.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So once again, I begin labeling or numbering on my double bond because I want my double bond to have the lowest possible number value.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So this guy is known as one cyclone because it's a cyclic compound, and we have six, so hexene.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So one cyclohexine, or simply cyclohexine.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So let's go to part E, or compound E. So once again, I want to label my compound in a way such that my double bond gets the lowest possible number value, and this methyl group also gets the lowest possible number value.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So I begin on this side.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So one carbon, second carbon, third carbon, fourth carbon, fifth carbon, 6th carbon.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So once again, I have a 6th carbon ring.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	And so I named this guy.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So, notice that my methyl group is found on the third carbon.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So I name it three methyl, one cycloxine.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So three methyl simply means our methyl group is in the third carbon, and one cyclohexine means that my double bond is found on the first carbon, and we have a ring.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So finally, we get to compound E. So in compound E, we have a cyclic six carbon backbone, and we have three double bonds.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So let's begin labeling or numbering.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	And actually doesn't matter where we begin numbering or labeling because this is a symmetrical compound.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So 123456.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So we have one three five so one three and five cyclotex.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	One three five presents our double bonds.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	We have three double bonds, so we have a triangle, and we have a six member cyclic ring.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So one three, five cyclohexa triumph.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	And this is also known as simply benzene.
Naming of Alkenes.txt	So benzene is the same thing as one three, five cyclohexa triangle.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Today we're going to compare and contrast two important groups or families found on our periodic table.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	We're going to look at alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	So let's begin with these guys.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	So the alkaline metals are found on group one or group one A on our periodic table.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	So that means these guys are metals or part of that a metal division.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	So that applies that they are soft, malleable and ductile.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Duct till simply means they're stretchy or stretchable malleable simply means we can hammer them into thin sheets of metal and soft.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Well, it simply means they're soft.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	These guys also display lust alike properties, which simply means they are shiny.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, metals are shiny, so that makes sense.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	And these guys, because they're metals, they conduct electricity.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	In other words, electrons are capable of moving from one point to another in alkali metals very easily.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	And that means because moving charge creates electricity, these guys create or conduct electricity very well.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, they also form ions with a positive oxidation state.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	In other words, they're capable of losing electrons very easily, and therefore, they usually form plus one oxidation states.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	So a positive oxidation state.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, these guys are highly reactive when you mix them with nonmetals and they form ionic compounds.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	For example, if we react these guys with an H, they will form something called metal Hydrides nah, lih, et cetera, in which the NA and the li both have a positive one oxidation state.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, if you mix the metals with water, they will react exothermically to produce a metal hydroxide and H two gas.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Let's put this guy's in parentheses gas.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	So, for example, if you make two moles of sodium in a solid state with two moles of water, you will get two moles of metal hydroxide and 1 mol of H two or diatomic gas.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, let's look at the second type of group right next to our alkaline metals, known as alkaline earth metals.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, these guys are obviously in group two or group two A on our periodic table.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	And these guys, just like the alkaline metals, are also part of the metal division.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	So they're metals.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	But unlike these guys, which are soft, these guys are harder and more dense.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	That means their molecules in a solid state are closer together per unit volume.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, since they're metals, they're also malleable duct till and they conduct electricity well.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, these guys, unlike these guys, form plus two oxidation state.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	In other words, these guys lose not one electron but two electrons when they react with our nonmetals.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	So that means they're more likely to lose electrons.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	Now, our alkaline earth metals are less reactive than the alkali metals, but still react with the nonmetals to form ionic compounds.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	For example, calcium reacts with hydrogen to form calcium Hydride CAH two.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	And calcium also reacts with hydroxide when we mix them with water to form our calcium hydroxide molecule, in which we have two hydroxides because each hydroxide has an oxidation state of negative one to balance out the plus two states on our alkaline earth metal, the calcium.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals .txt	We need two of these guys.
Rate Law .txt	So we already spoke about the concept of rate law.
Rate Law .txt	And we said that rate law is a mathematical representation between the relationship of the concentration of reactants and our reaction rates.
Rate Law .txt	Now, we also said that rate law can only be determined using experimental results.
Rate Law .txt	And that's exactly right.
Rate Law .txt	Now, in this lecture, we're going to look at the following form reaction and try to determine our rate law using some experimental data.
Rate Law .txt	So let's begin.
Rate Law .txt	1 mol of methyl acetate react with 1 mol of hydroxide to produce 1 mol of acetate ion and 1 mol of methanol.
Rate Law .txt	Now, let's conduct the following three experiments in which we measure in each experiment the concentration of methylacetate and hydroxide and we find the initial rate.
Rate Law .txt	Now, our goal is to see how our initial rate changes when we change our concentration of reactants.
Rate Law .txt	Now, the first experiment will serve as a control.
Rate Law .txt	We're going to basically compare our second and third experiment to our first experiment and see how our initial rate changes.
Rate Law .txt	So in the first experiment, we see that we have 0.5 molar of initial methyl acetate and 0.5 molar of our initial hydroxide.
Rate Law .txt	Now, when these two concentrations are 0.5 each, our initial rate is 0.2.
Rate Law .txt	Next, our goal is to change one of these guys and see how our initial rate is influenced.
Rate Law .txt	So let's keep our initial hydroxide concentration the same and only change our initial concentration of methyl acetate.
Rate Law .txt	So let's double it.
Rate Law .txt	So we double it to 0.1 molar, and this guy stays at 0.5 molar, and we see that our initial rate also doubles to 0.4.
Rate Law .txt	Now, that means that because we double this and our initial rate doubles, these guys are directly proportional.
Rate Law .txt	In other words, if you double this guy, you must double the initial rate.
Rate Law .txt	So let's conduct the same exact experiment.
Rate Law .txt	But now we keep our initial concentration of methyl acetate the same, and we double our concentration of our initial hydroxide.
Rate Law .txt	So let's stay at 0.1 molar and go from 0.5 molar of our hydroxide to 0.1 molar.
Rate Law .txt	We see that when we double our initial concentration of hydroxide, our initial rate also doubles.
Rate Law .txt	That means that our hydroxide is also proportional to our rate.
Rate Law .txt	So now with this result, we can find our rate law.
Rate Law .txt	So, rate law is the following equation the rate of my reaction in the forward direction is equal to the rate constant of the forward reaction times the concentration of methylacetate times the concentration of hydroxide.
Rate Law .txt	Now, notice my exponents are each one.
Rate Law .txt	That means there is a direct relationship between our rate of reaction and our concentration.
Rate Law .txt	In other words, if we double our concentration of methyl acetate while keeping this guy the same, we double our rate of reaction.
Rate Law .txt	Likewise, if we double this guy while keeping our methyl acetate the same, we also double our reaction rate.
Rate Law .txt	But if we double each guy, if this guy is multiplied by two and this guy is multiplied by two, that means this guy is quadrupled.
Rate Law .txt	He's multiplied by four.
Rate Law .txt	So now I have this.
Rate Law .txt	I have this and I know my rate of reaction, but I don't know my rate constant.
Rate Law .txt	Now, the rate constant can also be found using our experimental results.
Rate Law .txt	The way we do it is we choose any experiment we like and we plug in the data points and we find our KF.
Rate Law .txt	So let's use the first experiment.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So this group comes first, so three Ethyl.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

And then we have one comma, three one comma, three Hecta, because we have a seven carbon backbone, dying because we have two double bonds.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So once again, two double bonds, one on the first carbon, second one on the third carbon, we have an Ethyl group on the third carbon, and we have a seven carbon backbone hepta.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So three Ethyl, one three Hepta, dying for this compound.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So compound D. So now we have a ring, a compound, a ring structure.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So let's begin labeling on this guy, on this carbon.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So 123456.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So once again, I begin labeling or numbering on my double bond because I want my double bond to have the lowest possible number value.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So this guy is known as one cyclone because it's a cyclic compound, and we have six, so hexene.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So one cyclohexine, or simply cyclohexine.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So let's go to part E, or compound E. So once again, I want to label my compound in a way such that my double bond gets the lowest possible number value, and this methyl group also gets the lowest possible number value.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So I begin on this side.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So one carbon, second carbon, third carbon, fourth carbon, fifth carbon, 6th carbon.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So once again, I have a 6th carbon ring.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

And so I named this guy.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So, notice that my methyl group is found on the third carbon.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So I name it three methyl, one cycloxine.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So three methyl simply means our methyl group is in the third carbon, and one cyclohexine means that my double bond is found on the first carbon, and we have a ring.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So finally, we get to compound E. So in compound E, we have a cyclic six carbon backbone, and we have three double bonds.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So let's begin labeling or numbering.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

And actually doesn't matter where we begin numbering or labeling because this is a symmetrical compound.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So 123456.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So we have one three five so one three and five cyclotex.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

One three five presents our double bonds.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

We have three double bonds, so we have a triangle, and we have a six member cyclic ring.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So one three, five cyclohexa triumph.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

And this is also known as simply benzene.

Naming of Alkenes.txt

So benzene is the same thing as one three, five cyclohexa triangle.