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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Kinston Eagles were an unaffiliated Minor League Baseball team of the Virginia League. They were located in Kinston, North Carolina. The team played its home games at West End Park, which opened in 1921.
Established in 1925, the Eagles played through the 1927 season. The Eagles played in 415 regular season games and compiled a win–loss record of 177–238.
Dozens of men played for the Eagles including Baseball Hall of Fame member Rick Ferrell.
History.
Kinston was represented by many excellent amateur clubs since the late nineteenth century, but it was unable to sustain a viable professional team until the mid-1920s. Earlier attempts included an aborted campaign in the Class D Eastern Carolina League in 1908 and an "outlaw league" team in 1921 and 1922. The latter was notable for being managed by former major league pitcher George Suggs and College Football Hall of Fame member Ira Rodgers. Due to the efforts of the city's business leaders, former local amateur star Elisha Lewis, and George Suggs, the town secured a professional team in the Virginia League for the 1925 season named the "Eagles".
The Eagles were a Class B team playing out of a then newly renovated stadium designed by Suggs known as West End Park. The squad had little success against other teams in their league, but was successful enough in gate receipts to validate the city's capacity to sustain a professional team. Kinston's team remained in the Virginia League for three years and then migrated to a newly reformed Eastern Carolina League. This later affiliation collapsed along with the stock market in 1929. The 1920s Eagles' roster included a young catcher named Rick Ferrell, who later had a long playing career and even longer front office career in the major leagues. In 1984, Ferrell became the only former Kinston player inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Another player, Frank Armstrong, gave up baseball for a career in the armed services and became one of the most decorated generals in the history of the Air Force.
Footnotes.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Smithfield–Selma Leafs were a minor league baseball team based in Smithfield, North Carolina, in partnership with Selma, North Carolina. From 1946 to 1950, the Smithfield–Selma Leafs teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Tobacco State League and hosted home games Legion Park in Smithfield.
History.
Smithfield, North Carolina first hosted minor league play in 1946, with the team playing in partnership with neighboring Selma, North Carolina. The "Smithfield–Selma Leafs" became charter members of the six–team Class D level Tobacco State League. The Angier–Fuquay Springs Bulls, Clinton Blues, Dunn–Erwin Twins, Sanford Spinners and Wilmington Pirates teams joined Smithfield–Selma as charter members in Tobacco State League play.
In their first season of minor league play, the 1946 Smithfield–Selma Leafs qualified for the playoffs. The Leafs ended the season with a record of 58–62 to place third in the six–team Tobacco State League regular season standings. Playing under manager Mike Balas, the Leafs finished the 1946 Tobacco State League regular season 13.5 games behind the first place Sanford Spinners. In the first round of the playoffs, Smithfield–Selma lost to the Clinton Blues 4 games to 1. The playoffs were eventually won by the Angier-Fuquay Springs Bulls.
In 1947, H.G. Johnson was reported to be president of the Smithfield–Selma Leafs, with J. W. Best serving as vice–president and Peggy Johnson serving as business manager.
Continuing Tobacco State League play, the 1947 Smithfield–Selma Leafs finished last in the league standings. Smithfield–Selma finished in eighth place and did not qualify for the playoffs as the league expanded to eight teams. Playing under managers Micke Balas and Joe Eonta in the eight–team league, Smithfield–Selma ended the regular season with a 46–79 record. The Leafs finished 40.0 games behind the first place Sanford Spinners in the regular season standings. In the playoffs, the Sanford Spinners became the league champions.
In 1948, the Smithfield–Selma Leafs qualified for the Tobacco State League playoffs. The Leafs ended the regular season in fourth place with a 73–65 record, playing under managers Sam Narron and Virgil Payne. The Leafs finished 8.0 games behind the 1st placed Sanford Spinners in the final Tobacco State League regular season standings. Leaf pitcher Aaron Osofsky led the Tobacco State League with 24 wins and a 24–5 season record. In the first round of the playoffs, the Leafs were defeated by the Sanford Spinners 4 games to 1. The Red Springs Red Robins then defeated Sanford in the Finals to win the championship.
The 1949 Smithfield–Selma Leafs placed 5th in the eight–team Tobacco State League and did not qualify for the playoffs. Smithfield–Selma ended the regular season with a record of 70–65, playing under managers Virgil Payne, Claude Weaver and Paul Kluk. The Leafs finished 11.0 games behind of the first place Dunn-Erwin Twins in the regular season standings. Smithfield–Selma did not qualify for the playoffs, won by the Red Springs Red Robins.
In their final season, the 1950 Smithfield–Selma Leafs folded during the season, which was also the final one for the Tobacco State League. On August 16, 1950, the franchise permanently folded. At the time the Leafs folded, the team had a 49–62 record, playing under manager Marvin Lorenz. The Tobacco State continued the season with seven teams after the Leafs folded. The final playoffs were won by the Rockingham Eagles. The Tobacco State League permanently folded following the 1950 season.
Smithfield, North Carolina has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The Smithfield–Selma Leafs minor league teams were noted to have played home games at Legion Park. The ballpark was reportedly located at Buffalo Street & 7th Street, Smithfield, North Carolina.
References.
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18152109 | American baseball player (1898-1975)
Curtis Hooper Fullerton (September 13, 1898 – January 9, 1975) was an American professional baseball pitcher with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball. Fullerton played for the Red Sox from 1921 to 1925 and again in 1933. He was signed by the New York Yankees in 1925, but never played for the club. Instead, he was released to the Hollywood Stars in the Pacific Coast League where he played from 1926 to 1928. Following that, he played two seasons with the Portland Beavers from 1929 to 1930. He was traded to the Jersey City Skeeters in 1931. In 1933, he was re-signed to the Red Sox only to be released again in 1934 to Kansas City. He pitched in the Texas League for the Dallas Steers from 1936 to 1937. In 1938, he pitched his last stint in organized baseball for the Monroe White Sox in the Class C Cotton States League.
In the six seasons of his Major League career, Fullerton posted a 10–37 record with 104 strikeouts and a 5.11 ERA in 115 appearances, including 43 starts, 18 complete games, three saves, 45 games finished, 211 walks, and 423.0 innings of work.
Listed at , 162 lb., Fullerton batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was born in Ellsworth, Maine on September 13, 1898, to Charles L. Fullerton, a sea captain, and Marian Letitia (Hooper) Fullerton. In October 1934 he married Mary Mildred McGilvery. After his career in baseball, Fullerton returned to the Boston Naval Shipyard, where he worked as an electrician and welder. Fullerton died in Winthrop, Massachusetts at age 76.
He is the great-uncle of game designer Tracy Fullerton and comic book and video game writer Charlotte Fullerton. | 602 | [
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18152109 | The Western League of 1939–1941 was a low-level American circuit in Minor League Baseball. The Class D level league was born when the Nebraska State League changed its identity after the 1938 season. It is not related to the Class A level Western League of 1900–1937 and 1947–1958, a higher-level league that suspended operations during the latter years of the Great Depression through World War II.
The 1939–1941 Western League included teams based in Nebraska, South Dakota, Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota and Wyoming. After the United States entered the war, the league did not return for 1942 and was succeeded by its revived Class A namesake in 1947. The Nebraska State League was revived as a Class D circuit from 1956 to 1959.
Member clubs.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Rogers Lions were a minor league baseball team based in Rogers, Arkansas in 1936 and 1937. Beginning play as the Rogers Rustlers in 1934, and with Rogers using other nicknames (Cardinals, Reds), Rogers teams were members of the Class D level Arkansas State League from 1934 to 1935 and the Arkansas-Missouri League from 1936 to 1938, winning league championships in 1934, 1935 and 1938. Rogers was a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals in 1935 and the Cincinnati Reds in 1938. Rogers teams hosted minor league home games at the Athletic Park.
History.
In 1934, the Rogers Rustlers began play as members of the four–team Class D level Arkansas State League. The Bentonville Officeholders, Fayetteville Educators and Siloam Springs Buffaloes teams joined Rogers in beginning league play on May 7, 1934.
In their first season of play, the 1934 Rogers Rustlers won the Arkansas State League championship. The Rustlers ended the Arkansas State League regular season with a record of 36–35, placing third while playing the season under managers Ed Hawk and J.L. Casey. In the playoffs, the Rogers Rustlers beat the Siloam Springs Buffaloes in a one–game playoff for first half title. In the Finals, Rogers defeated the Bentonville Officeholders 4 games to 3 to win the championship.
The Rogers Cardinals played as an affiliate of the St Louis Cardinals in 1935 and defended their Arkansas State League championship. The Cardinals ended the 1935 season with a record of 59–50 losses, placing 2nd in the regular season standings of the four–team league. Fred Cato and Bud Stapleton served as the managers. In the playoff, the Rogers Cardinals defeated the Siloam Springs Travelers 4 games to 3 to win their second consecutive championship.
In 1936, the Arkansas State League evolved to become the Class D level Arkansas-Missouri League, expanding to six teams. No longer a St. Louis Cardinals affiliate, Rogers continued play as the Rogers Lions. The Bentonville Mustangs, Cassville Blues, Fayetteville Bears, Monett Red Birds and Siloam Springs Travelers joined Rogers as charter members of the Arkansas-Missouri League. Rogers finished last in the regular season standings and did not qualify for the playoffs. With a regular season record of 44–75, the Lions place sixth, playing the season under managers Doc Ledbetter and Bud Stapleton. Rogers was 30.5 games behind first place Silom Springs.
The 1937 Rogers Lions continued Arkansas–Missouri League play and won both the regular season pennant and playoff championship. The Lions ended the 1937 season with a record of 79–48, winning the pennant by 8.5 games over the second place Fayetteville Angels. Ted Mayer served as manager. In the 1st round playoffs, the Rogers Lions defeated the Neosho Night Hawks 3 games 1 to advance. Rogers defeated the Fayetteville Angels 4 games to 1 in the finals to give the franchise a third championship.
In their final season, Rogers became an affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds in 1938, advancing to the Arkansas–Missouri League playoffs. The Rogers Reds ended the regular season with a record of 63–54, placing fourth in the standings. Pat Patterson served as manager. In the playoffs, the Neosho Yankees swept Rogers in 3 games, which proved to be the final games for the Rogers franchise.
In 1939, Rogers did not return to league play, as the Arkansas–Missouri League reduced franchises and played the season as a four–team league.
Rogers, Arkansas has not hosted another minor league franchise.
The ballpark.
The Rogers minor league teams hosted home games at Athletic Park.
Notable alumni.
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;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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] |
18152109 | Historic Sanford Memorial Stadium is a baseball stadium located in Sanford, Florida. The ballpark is located just south of Lake Monroe on Mellonville Avenue, less than a mile from Historic Downtown Sanford. The stadium stands at the site of the old Sanford Field, which was originally built in 1926. The stadium was built on the old site in 1951 as the Spring Training Facility of the New York Giants. Many Major League stars have played in the stadium including Babe Ruth, Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, Tim Raines, and David Eckstein. The Stadium was refurbished in 2001 at a cost of two million dollars, and now offers many modern amenities along with the classic architecture typical of stadiums built in the early to mid 1900s.
The Stadium is currently home to the Orlando Baseball Association (OBA), 25t, 35t and 45t leagues, as well as Sanford Babe Ruth Baseball and the Sanford River Rats of the Florida Collegiate Summer League. It was also home to the Seminole County Naturals of the Florida Winter Baseball League during the 2009 season; the league subsequently suspended operations during the season due to a lack of funding. The stadium previously served as a spring training facility for the New York Giants and Atlanta Braves. In 1942, the Boston Braves used the old field as its primary facility.
Sanford Stadium is the location where Jackie Robinson first took to the field in 1946 to play baseball as a member of a white Class AAA International League Team in Daytona Beach, Florida, which was partnered with the Montreal Royals. Unfortunately, this was also during an era of racial segregation and racial tensions, especially in that part of the Southern United States which made up the former Confederacy. By the time Robinson took the field, the crowd of local white citizens in the stands ended up booing him off the field and he was not able to play. The then-Sanford police chief had actually threatened to cancel the game if Robinson took the field.
On April 20, 1997, fifty years after Robinson had broken the color barrier in major league baseball, Mayor Larry Dale of Sanford issued a proclamation honoring Jackie Robinson and apologizing for the City of Sanford's, "..."regrettable actions in 1946"," when the city forced Robinson off Municipal Athletic Field. However, per author Chris Lamb's book, "Blackout: The Untold Story of Jackie Robinson's First Spring Training", despite the passage of over half a century, Mayor Dale's proclamation still didn't sit well with all residents of Sanford, especially those long-time residents or their descendants who were present or traced their lineage back to the city in 1946. Many believed that the city had let Robinson play and therefore had no reason to apologize, while others saw no reason to dredge up the sins of the past.
Stadium features.
The ballpark features 415 box seats and bleacher seating for 1600 putting the total capacity at 2,015. The block outfield wall is 330 feet down the lines and 385 feet to center field. There are also two locker rooms, batting cages and bullpens for both home and visiting teams. There is a fully operational concession stand in the concourse area, along with the Buddy Lake Community Room, which offers food and beverage choices for fans and players. The press box is air conditioned, with phone and data lines, public address system and scoreboard controls.
Sanford Memorial Stadium is a non-smoking facility. No coolers, food, pets or weapons of any kind are permitted inside the Stadium.
References.
This article incorporates text from [URL] a work of the Florida government and thus in the public domain in the United States.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Russellville Miners were a minor league baseball team based in Russellville, Arkansas. In 1924, the Miners played the season as members of the Western Arkansas League, a six–team Class D level league, winning the league championship. The league permanently folded after one season of minor league play.
The Russellville Miners hosted minor league home games at Buerkle Field.
History.
In 1924, minor league baseball was first hosted in Russellville, when the Russellville "Miners" began play as members of the six–team Class D level Western Arkansas League. The Western Arkansas League played in the 1924 season with E.H. Nichols serving as league president. The Teams from Atkins, Arkansas (Atkins Boys), Clarksville, Arkansas (Clarksville Reds), Dardanelle, Arkansas (Dardanelle White Sox), Ozark, Arkansas (Ozark Bears) and Paris, Arkansas (Paris Blues) joined Russellville as charter members. The Western Arkansas League began its first season of play on May 5, 1924.
The Russellville "Miners" nickname corresponds to local geology, history and industry, as the city has a strong history of coal mining. The Anthracite Coal Mining Company was located in Russellville in the era, with a facility that had a daily capacity of 800 tons.
The league was formed for the 1924 season and the Ozark franchise was the final team to officially join the six–team Western Arkansas League. The league operated with a 60-game schedule and utilized a split–season format, with the winner of each split–season meeting in the finals to decide the champion. League president E.H. Nichols published a formal letter in the local newspaper of each host city, asking for good sportsmanship.
The league began play on May 5, 1924, and completed the split–season schedule.
In their first season of play, the 1924 Russellville Miners won the Western Arkansas League championship. The Miners led the Arkansas League overall standings with a record of 36–24, placing first and finishing 4.0 games ahead of second place Clarksville. Russellville was managed by Ed Cowan and Jimmy Johnson.
After ending in a tie with Russellville, the Dardanelle White Sox won the first–half title, winning a playoff 3 games to 0 against the Miners after a tie, in which teams finished with 17–13 records. Russellville won the second–half title outright with a 19–11 record. In the first half tie-breaker playoff, the best of five games were played on Wednesdays and Saturdays as the two teams continued playing in the second half. Dardanelle won the first playoff game at home on a squeeze bunt in the bottom of the 9th inning. The second game was held at Buerkle Field in Russellville, with Dardanelle winning by the score of 3–1. On July 16, 1924, Dardanelle won the third game 3–2 and secured a spot in the league finals following the season.
There was controversy in the second–half season standings. An August 12, 1924, Atkins' win over Russellville was later reversed due to Atkins using an ineligible player, giving the second–half title to Russellville. Originally, Russellville, Atkins and Clarksville had ended in a three-way tie for first place with all three teams having 18–12 records. The ruling kept Atkins at 18–12, raised Russellville to 19–11 and dropped Atkins to 17–13.
In the Finals, Russellville swept Dardanelle 3 games to 0 to win the championship. Before the final series against Russellville, Dardanelle made a request to shorten the series to a best of five-game series instead of a best of seven. The White Sox wished to play barnstorm games in Searcy, Arkansas, Hot Springs, Arkansas and Little Rock, Arkansas following the season and the request was granted. The two teams were also allowed to add three players each from the other league teams who had ceased play. In a sudden move, Russellville had three more players leave the team, resulting in a roster overhaul before the series began, after selecting three more players from other league teams. Player/manager Jimmy Johnson was among the three leaving the team, replaced for the playoff by Red Day. Day had been player/manager of the Clarksville Reds during the regular season.
In the playoff finals, the Russellville Miners swept Dardanelle 3 games to 0 to win the championship. In the first game at Dardanelle, Russellville won by a score of 7–3. Russellville won game two by the score of 6–2, to lead two games to zero. In game three, Russellville won the game 5–4 at Dardanelle, giving Russellville the championship.
The Western Arkansas League did not return to play in 1925 and never reformed. Russellville, Arkansas has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The Russellville Miners hosted minor league home games at what was nicknamed Aggie Park. Their ballpark was at the site named "Buerkle Field." The facility was opened in April 1923 as the athletic fields for the Second District Agricultural School, known today as Arkansas Tech University. The field was named after John G. Buerkle, who was an engineering and mathematics instructor at the college and was instrumental in planning and engineering the school athletic facilities. Today, after numerous renovations and improvements through the decades, the site contains "Throne Stadium at Buerkle Field" and the field houses various facilities for the Arkansas Tech athletic teams. The site location is on the campus of the university and is located at 1202 North El Paso Avenue in Russellville.
Notable alumni.
No players for the 1924 Russellville Miners reached the major leagues.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Leesburg Athletics (or the interchangeable A's) was the final name of a professional minor league baseball team, based in Leesburg, Florida from 1965 to 1968. Beginning play in 1937, Leesburg teams played exclusively as members of the Florida State League, winning league championships in 1941 and 1966.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Rollie Fingers played for the 1965 Leesburg Athletics.
History.
The club was first formed in 1937 as the Leesburg Gondoliers, a Florida State League team that did not share an affiliation with a big-league club. From 1939–1941 the team became known as the Leesburg Anglers, who again were a non-affiliated minor league team. After not hosting a team from 1942–1945 the Anglers would return in 1946 as the Packers.
From 1947–1948 the team became the Leesburg Pirates, and were a Class-D affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. In 1949 the Brooklyn Dodgers operated the team as the Leesburg Dodgers. They used four different managers as the Dodgers and went 37-97. 44-year-old Luke Hamlin, who managed for them, also pitched in eight games for them.
From 1950–1952 they would again become an un-affiliated team known as the Leesburg Packers. In 1953 the team would change its name to the Leesburg Lakers but would remain independent of any affiliation. The team would go on hiatus for two seasons and would then emerge in 1956 as an affiliate of the Milwaukee Braves, known as the Leesburg Braves. They would remain that way until the end of the 1957 season. After that, they would become the Leesburg Orioles from 1960–1961 and were affiliated with the Baltimore Orioles. Again breaking for a few years the team would re-emerge for a final time, this time as the Leesburg A's from 1965–1968, they would be an affiliate of the Kansas City/Oakland A's during this stint, winning the 1966 league championship.
Rollie Fingers played for the Leesburg Athletics in 1965 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1992.
The Leesburg teams won Florida State League championships in 1941 and 1966.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
Sanford Greyhounds were a professional minor league baseball team that played periodically from in 1959 and 1960. Throughout its entire existence the Sanford teams played in the then-Class D level Florida State League. Sanford was a charter member of the league in 1919.
Originally the Sanford Celeryfeds, in honor of the city's dominant crop – celery, the team's name changed several times over the years. The team was previously known also as the Sanford Lookouts, Sanford Seminoles, Sanford Giants, Sanford Seminole BLues, Seminole Cardinals and the Sanford Greyhounds.
The 1939 Lookouts were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time.
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] |
18152109 | American football player and coach (1902–1971)
Andrew Cecil "Scrappy" Moore Jr. (September 25, 1902 – May 31, 1971) was an American football player, coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at the University of Chattanooga, now the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, from 1931 to 1967, compiling a record of 170–148–14. He had the longest tenure and the most successful record of any coach at Chattanooga. Moore played football as a quarterback at the University of Georgia. Moore's nickname "Scrappy" is currently used as the name of the mascot of UTC. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1980.
Moore died on May 31, 1971, in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
Minor league baseball teams were based in Centralia, Washington in four seasons between 1903 and 1912. Centralia teams played as members of the Class D level Southwest Washington League in 1903 and 1904 and the Washington State League in 1911 and 1912, winning the 1911 league championship. Centralia teams hosted home minor league games at Riverside Park.
History.
Minor league baseball began in Centralia, Washington in 1903. The Centralia Midgets were charter members of the four–team Class D level Southwest Washington League. The Aberdeen Pippins, Hoquiam Perfect Gentlemen and Olympia Senators joined Centralia as charter members in league play.
Beginning play on May 10, 1903, the Centralia Midgets placed 2nd in the Southwest Washington League in their first season of play. In the league structure, Southwest Washington League teams played games six times per week, but only the weekend games were counted for the league standings. Centralia ended the season with a record of 7–11, playing under managers Paul Ruff and George Dysart. The Midgets finished 4.0 games behind Aberdeen and Hoquiam who tied for first place with 11–7 records, with Aberdeen awarded the championship when Hoquiam refused to participate in a playoff game. Ira Harmon of Centralia led the Southwest Washington League with both a batting average of .341 and 2 home runs.
Continuing Southwest Washington League play in 1904, Centralia finished in third place in the four–team league. The league continued the practice of only counting weekend games in the standings, while playing six times per week overall. Ending the season with a record of 6–12, Centralia played under managers Jack Bell and Bill Auerette. The Midgets finished 8.0 games behind the first place Hoquiam Perfect Gentlemen (14–4) in the final standings. The Centralia Midgets folded after the 1904 season, replaced by the Montesano Farmers in 1905 league play.
In 1911, minor league baseball resumed in Centralia. The Centralia Pets became members of the four–team Class D level Washington State League. The Chehalis Proteges, Raymond Venetians and South Bend River Rats joined Centralia in 1911 league play.
The 1911 Centralia Pets won the Washington State League championship. The Pets placed first in the final standings with a record of 38–17, playing under managers W.R. Patton and Guy Muck. Centralia finished 2.5 games ahead of the second place Chehalis Proteges (36–20) in the final standings, followed by the Raymond Venetians (25–29) and South Bend River Rats (11–44). Pitcher Ray Callahan, who split the season with Centralia and Chehalis led the Washington State League with both 13 total wins and 131 strikeouts.
In 1912, the Centralia "Railroaders" played their final minor league season, as the Washington State League folded during the season. The Aberdeen Black Cats folded from the league on July 10, 1912, causing the entire league to fold on July 14, 1912. When the season ended on July 14, 1912, the Centralia Railroaders were in second place with a 19–17 record. Playing under managers W.R. Patton and George Dysart, the Railroaders finished 3.5 games behind the first place Chehalis Farmers in the final standings. The Washington State League permanently folded following the 1912 season.
The Centralia use of the "Railroaders" moniker ties to local industry and history. Opening in 1912, the Centralia Union Station was constructed by the Northern Pacific Railway. Continuing today as an Amtrak stop, passenger rail service began in Centralia, Washington in 1880.
Centralia, Washington has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The Centralia minor league teams hosted minor league home games at Riverside Park. The ballpark was located on Lowe Street off of Harrison Avenue, Centralia, Washington. The site today remains home to "Rotary Riverside Park," which is still in use as a public park.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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488,
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222,
602,
648,
324
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] |
18152109 | American baseball team (1933–1933)
Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The East Grand Forks Colts were a minor league baseball team based in East Grand Forks, Minnesota. In 1933, the Colts played the season as members of the Class D level Northern League, finishing the season in sixth place. East Grand Forks hosted minor league home games at East Side Park in their only season of play. The franchise evolved to become the neighboring Grand Forks Chiefs in 1934, after a new ballpark was constructed in Grand Forks.
History.
East Grand Forks, Minnesota began minor league baseball play in 1933, when the East Grand Forks "Colts" became members of the Class D level Northern League, which had reformed as a seven–team league. Other members joining East Grand Forks in the 1933 Northern League were the Brainerd Muskies, Crookston Pirates, Eau Claire Cardinals, Fargo-Moorhead Twins, Superior Blues and Winnipeg Maroons. An eighth team, to have been based in Little Falls, Minnesota, folded before the season began. League teams often filled their open dates with games against local amateur teams.
The 1933 Colts team was owned by Russell L. Voelz, a Minneapolis, Minnesota salesman, who also initially served as president of the Northern League. It was noted the Colts became based in East Grand Forks due to neighboring Grand Forks, North Dakota not having a suitable ballpark in 1933. Businessmen of East Grand Forks offered to construct a new grandstand and provide the city ballpark to Voelz to host the team. The team was reported to have received over 400 applications from aspiring players, with over 200 players reporting for the Colts' spring training. Voelz was removed as president of the league during the season and filed a lawsuit, which was settled for $140.00.
On opening day 1933, the East Grand Forks Chiefs defeated Eau Claire 11–4 in the contest at Eau Claire. The game was attended by a crowd of 2,000.
On July 3, 1933, John Anderson was released as the East Grand Forks manager and replaced by John Vanusek. After his firing as manager, Anderson bought the controlling interest in the team, became the club president and named himself manager again.
After beginning play on May 4, 1933, the East Grand Forks Colts finished the season with an overall record of 50–55, placing sixth in the Northern League final overall standings. The Colts played the season under managers Johnny Anderson and John Vanusek. It was noted their main rival was the Crookston Pirates. The Northern league played a split–season schedule. The Colts had a record of 24–23 in the first–half, placing third in the seven–team league. East Grand Forks then placed sixth in the second–half standings with a 26–32 record. Overall, the Colts were outscored by their opponents 626–565. The "consensus" All–Star team picked by the Spalding Guide had one Colt on the team: Ray Helixon. Player/manager Johnny Anderson hit .403 to lead win the Northern League in batting title.
The 1933 East Grand Forks Colts finished 13.5 games behind first place Winnipeg in the overall standings. The final Northern League overall standings were led by the Winnipeg Maroons (67–44), followed by the Superior Blues (60–49), Brainerd Muskies/Brandon Grays (55–46), East Grand Forks Colts (50–55), Eau Claire Cardinals (52–45), Crookston Pirates (48–48) and Fargo-Moorhead Twins (30–75). Playing a split–season schedule, Superior won the first–half standings and Brainerd/Brandon won the second–half standings. Superior won the playoff series to claim the championship.
After the 1933 season, the East Grand Forks based franchise did not return to the 1934 Northern League, which added the Duluth Dukes to expand to eight teams. The Colts franchise relocated to neighboring Grand Forks, North Dakota and became the Grand Forks Chiefs for the 1934 season, with John Anderson continuing as manager.
Linus Ebnet, a player on the 1933 East Grand Forks Chiefs and 1934 Grand Forks Chiefs, was killed in 1938 at age 23. Ebnet was struck in the head by a pitch while playing for the Winnipeg Maroons and died in the hospital four days later.
Paul Schaefer, a pitcher for the 1933 Chiefs, was signed during the season by the integrated Bismarck Churchills
team by its owner Neil Churchill.
East Grand Forks, Minnesota has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The East Grand Forks Colts hosted 1933 minor league home games at East Side Park. The ballpark was noted to have a distinctive, short left field fence. Due to Sunday laws in Grand Forks, North Dakota, the ballpark also hosted Sunday games and other games for the Grand Fork Chiefs after the Colts franchise had relocated to Grand Forks in 1934.
Notable alumni.
No 1933 East Grand Forks Colts' alumni advanced to the major leagues.
See also.
List of baseball players who died during their careers
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 611 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Springfield Giants were a minor league baseball team based in Springfield, Ohio. The "Giants" were an affiliate of the New York Giants and played as members of the Class D level Ohio State League from 1944 and 1947, before the league changed names in 1948. The Giants continued play as members of the Class D level Ohio–Indiana League from 1948 to 1951. Hosting minor league home games at Municipal Stadium, the Springfield Giants won the 1944 and 1946 league pennants and made eight playoff appearances, qualifying for the postseason in each season of play.
History.
Ohio State League 1944 to 1947.
The 1944 Springfield Giants were preceded in minor league play by the 1942 Springfield Cardinals. In their final season, the Cardinals were managed by Baseball Hall of Fame member Walter Alston, as the team played a final season as members of the Class C level Middle Atlantic League, before the league folded following the 1942 season during World War II.
Springfield, Ohio resumed minor league baseball play in 1944, when the "Giants" became members of the six–team Class D level Ohio State League, which was resumed play during World War II. The Lima Red Birds, Marion Diggers, Middletown Red Sox, Newark Moundsmen, Richmond Roses and Zanesville Dodgers joined Springfield in beginning league play on May 2, 1944.
In 1944, the team vice president was Holmes Collins, the auditor was O.R. Shriver and the director was Frank J. Sturm.
The Springfield Giants were a minor league affiliate of the New York Giants, adopting the team's nickname. In their first season of play, the Giants won the Ohio State League pennant. The Giants ended the Ohio State League season with a record of 76–54, placing first in the regular season standings, finishing 4.5 games ahead of the second place Newark Moundsmen, with Earl Wolgamot serving as manager. In the playoffs, Springfield lost in the first round to the Middletown Red Sox, who defeated the Giants four games to two.
The Giants qualified for the 1945 Ohio State League playoffs. With a record of 64–75, Springfield placed fourth in the six–team league, playing the season under returning manager Earl Wolgamot and finishing 25.0 games behind the first place Middletown Rockets. In the playoffs, Springfield lost in the first round, as the Middletown Rockets defeated the Giants four games to two. The Giants' Tony Bolick led the Ohio State with 109 RBI.
Springfield won the 1946 Ohio State League pennant, as the league expanded from six teams to eight teams. The Giants finished the regular season with a record of 82–57 to place first in the Ohio State League, finishing 3.5 games ahead of the second place Zanesville Dodgers. Don Ramsay served as manager. In the playoffs, Springfield defeated the Newark Moundsmen four games to two and advanced. In the finals, the Giants were defeated by the Zanesville Dodgers four games to two. Wayne Reside, who was acquired from Lima during the season, led the Ohio State League with both 21 home runs and 118 RBI.
Continuing play in the 1947 Ohio State League, Springfield placed fourth and qualified for the playoffs. The Giants ended the 1947 regular season with a record of 73–65, ending the season 15.5 games behind the first place Zanesville Dodgers. Don Ramsay returned as manager. In the first round of the playoffs, the Zanesville Dodgers defeated the Giants four games to two.
Ohio–Indiana League 1948 to 1951.
In 1948, the Ohio State League expanded beyond the state of Ohio and changed names to become the Class D level Ohio–Indiana League. The Muncie Reds joined seven returning Ohio State League teams in beginning league play on May 2, 1948.
The 1948 Springfield Giants continued as a minor league affiliate of the New York Giants, playing in the newly named league. Ending the 1948 Ohio–Indiana League season in fourth place, Springfield qualified for the playoffs of the eight–team league. Springfield had a record of 66–74, playing the season under managers Robert Roth and Rufus Jackson, finishing 16.5 games behind the first place Zanesville Dodgers in the regular season final standings. In the playoffs, eventual champion Zanesville swept Springfield in four games in their first round series.
In 1949, Springfield was runner–up in the Ohio–Indiana League regular season standings. The Giants placed second in the regular season standings, ending the season with a record of 77–63, playing the season under manager Tony Ravish. The Giants finished 4.5 games behind the first place Portsmouth A's. The Muncie Reds defeated Springfield four games to one in the first round of the playoffs.
The Springfield Giants again qualified for the Ohio-Indiana League playoffs in 1950. Managed by Andy Gilbert, the Giants ended the 1950 regular season with a record of 72–64, placing fourth in the standings and ending the season 17.0 games behind the pennant winning Marion Red Sox. In the playoffs, the Marion Red Sox defeated Springfield three games to one in the first round. Player/manager Andy Gilbert of Springfield won the league batting title, hitting .388.
In its final season of play, the 1951 Ohio–Indiana League compacted to become a five–team league to begin the season. The Newark Yankees won the first–half title in a split–season schedule, with the first–half season schedule ending on June 18, 1951. Newark then folded on July 17, 1951, leaving four remaining teams, Springfield included, completing the second half of the season. With Newark excluded, Springfield finished a distant second in the final regular season standings. At the conclusion of the season, the Giants finished 30.0 games behind the Marion Red Sox in the overall standings with a 53–74 record, playing the season under returning manager Andy Gilbert. In a playoff series, the Marion Red Sox swept Springfield four games to none in the final games of the league. The Ohio–Indiana League permanently folded following the completion of the 1951 season.
Springfield, Ohio has not hosted another minor league team. In 2014, the Springfield based Champion City Kings began play in the amateur Prospect League, a summer collegiate baseball league.
The ballpark.
The Springfield Giants teams hosted home minor league home games at Municipal Stadium. The original Municipal Stadium was built in 1939 as a WPA project. It was demolished in 2000, with a new grandstand and refurbished field built at the site. Today, the ballpark is known as Carleton Davidson Stadium and plays host to the Champion City Kings of the Prospect league and the Wittenberg University baseball team. Carleton Davidson Stadium is located at 1101 Mitchell Boulevard.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team
The Seattle Giants were a minor league baseball team that played in various leagues from 1910 to 1920. Based in Seattle, Washington, United States and owned by Dan Dugdale, they played in the Northwestern League from 1910 to 1917, the Pacific Coast International League in 1918 and 1920, and the Northwest International League in 1919. Two of their ballparks were Yesler Way Park and Dugdale Field. In 1919, they were also known as the Seattle Drydockers.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Cushing Refiners were a minor league baseball teams based in Cushing, Oklahoma in 1921 and from 1923 to 1925. The "Refiners" played a members of the Class D level Oklahoma State League from 1923 to 1924 and Southwestern League in 1925. The Refiners were preceded in minor league play by the Cushing "Oilers, who played the season as members of the 1921 Southwestern League.
Cushing teams hosted minor league home games at Speedway Park in 1921 and the Cushing Ball Park from 1923 to 1925.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Carl Hubbell made his professional debut with the 1923 Cushing Refiners.
History.
Minor league baseball began in Cushing, Oklahoma during the 1921 season. On August 3, 1921, the Parsons Parsons team, members of the Class D level Southwestern League moved from Parsons, Kansas to Cushing.
Parsons was 26–57 at the time of the move. The team finished the 1921 season as the Cushing Oilers. The team compiled a record of 8–53 while based in Cushing and finished in last place in the eight-team league. The Parsons/Cushing teams placed eighth with an overall record of 34-110, playing the season under managers by G. C. "Kitty" Knight and Lefty Wilson. In 1922, the Southwestern League became a Class C level league and continued play without the Cushing franchise, which did not return to the league.
The Cushing "Refiners" joined the Oklahoma State League for the 1923 season, as the league expanded from a six team league to an eight team league . The Refiners joined the Bristow Producers, Clinton Bulldogs, Drumright Boosters, Duncan Oilers, El Reno Railroaders, Guthrie Linters and Shawnee Indians teams in beginning league play on May 20, 1923.
The Refiners ended 1923 the season in second place in the eight–team league, with a future hall of fame player on their roster. Cushing ended the season with a 67–53 record, finishing 2.0 games behind the first place Duncan Oilers. The Refiners were managed by Ned Pettigrew in their runner-up regular season. The league played a split season schedule, and Cushing did not qualify for the final won by Bristow, who swept Duncan in four games.
In 1923, Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Carl Hubbell made his professional debut for the Cushing Refiners. Pettigrew had given Hubbell a tryout and subsequently signed him to a contract to play for Cushing. Hubbell was age 20 in 1923 and had worked for an oil company after graduating from high school in Meeker, Oklahoma.
In 1924, the Oklahoma State League folded during the season. The league permanently folded on July 8, 1924, with the Cushing Refiners in third place. Cushing ended the shortened season with a record of 49–27 when the league folded. The Refiners were again managed by Ned Pettigrew.
After the Oklahoma State folded, the Cushing Refiners rejoined the six–team Class D level Southwestern League for the 1925 season. The Oilers were 64–65 and placed fourth in the Southwestern League, finishing 9.5 games behind the first place Salina Millers in the final standings. The Refiners were managed by Frank Thompson.
The Cushing franchise was replaced by Ponca City Poncans in the 1926 Southwestern League. There has not been another minor league team in Cushing.
The ballparks.
The 1921 Cushing Oilers were noted to have played home games at Speedway Park. The ballpark was reportedly located north of town on North Little Avenue, where a bowling alley currently stands.
Starting in 1923, the Cushing Refiners reportedly played home games at a new facility called Cushing Ball Park. That ballpark was noted to have been located on West Moses Street on the southeast corner of the railroad crossing for the now-abandoned Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad tracks, which intersected West Moses between Violet and Puckett Avenues.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ;
External links.
Cushing - Baseball Reference | 614 | [
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] |
18152109 | Baseball field in Lowell, Massachusetts
Stoklosa Alumni Field is a baseball field in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Originally opened on May 1, 1902, it was rebuilt in 1996 as a temporary home of the Lowell Spinners. The Spinners played at the field for the 1996 and 1997 seasons before moving to Edward A. LeLacheur Park on UMass Lowell's east campus. The field was also home to the Lowell All-Americans of the New England Collegiate Baseball League between 2000 and 2010. Following the 2010 season, the franchise moved to Old Orchard Beach, Maine.
The stadium has been home to multiple teams, initially housing the Lowell Tigers from 1902 to 1905. It was then vacant until 1910 when the Lowell Grays moved in. They left in 1919, and after being used partially by multiple other teams until 1922, including the Salem Witches after their move, it was unused until 1996 when the Lowell Spinners began to use it.
The venue is currently used by the Lowell High School varsity baseball team. It holds 4,000 people.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Davenport Blue Sox was the name given to three minor league baseball teams based in Davenport, Iowa. The first version of the Blue Sox played in the Class B Three-I League from 1913–1916. The second played in the Class D Mississippi Valley League from 1929–1933, and the third version played in the Western League from 1934–1937. From 1936–1937, the team was a minor league affiliate of the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Blue Sox played their home games at Municipal Stadium from 1931–1937 and were the foundation for today's tenant, the Quad Cities River Bandits.
The 1933 club has been rated as the 58th best minor league baseball team of all time.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ;
This article is based on the "Davenport Blue Sox" article at Baseball-Reference.com Bullpen. The Bullpen is a wiki, and its content is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. | 616 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Plainfield Crescent Cities were a minor league baseball team based in Plainfield, New Jersey. In 1891 and 1892, the Crescent Cities teams played exclusively as members of the Central New Jersey League, reportedly winning championships in both Seasons. Plainfield hosted home minor league games at the Crescent League Base Ball Grounds.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Willie Keeler played for the Plainfield Crescent Cities in 1891 and 1892, leading the league in hitting in 1891.
History.
Minor league baseball play began in Plainfield, New Jersey in 1891. The Plainfield Crescent Cities began play when the Central New Jersey League was formed for the 1891 season as an Independent level minor league. The Westfield and Somerville teams were also among the teams in the league, with statistics of the 1891 season unknown. It was reported that Plainfield won the championship. Baseball Hall of Fame member Willie Keeler played as a member of the 1891 Plainfield team and reportedly helped lead the Crescent Cities to the championship. Keeler hit .376 to lead the league while making $60.00 per month.
The Plainfield Crescent Cities continued play in the four–team 1892 Central New Jersey League. Plainfield began play in the Independent level league on May 26, 1892. The Crescent Cities joined the Elizabeth team from Elizabeth, New Jersey, the Somerville West Ends from Somerville, New Jersey and Westfield Athletics from Westfield, New Jersey in league play.
The season concluded on September 24, 1892, with Plainfield tied for first place, playing under managers Charles Reed and Tom Keller. The Elizabeth and Westfield franchises both disbanded on September 3, 1892, with 5–11 records. The Plainfield Crescent Cities and Somerville West Ends were in a tie for first place with 12–6 records. However, Plainfield disbanded before a playoff with Somerville could be played.
Willie Keeler continued play as a member of the 1892 Plainfield Crescent Cities, at age 20. Keeler left the Plainfield team in June to join Birmingham of the Eastern League before making his major league debut later in the 1892 season. Keeler debuted with the New York Giants on September 30, 1892 at the Polo Grounds.
Before his release from the team in August 1892, Crescent Cities player Willie Murphy started and operated a shooting gallery in Plainfield.
The Central New Jersey League permanently folded following the 1892 season. Plainfield has not hosted another minor league team.
On February 21, 1910, Plainfield fans held a banquet and reception for Willie Keeler at the Hotel Iroquis in Plainfield, presenting him with a silver cup. In a speech, Keeler expressed he was thankful for the support of the Plainfield fans and the franchise for being supportive and offering assistance in his career advancement.
The ballpark.
The Plainfield Crescent Cities teams were noted to have played minor league home games at the Crescent League Base Ball Grounds. At the time, the ballpark was located at Somerset Street & Grandview Avenue in Plainfield, New Jersey.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 617 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Mahanoy City Brewers was the final and primary moniker of the minor league baseball teams based in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania between 1887 and 1950. Mahanoy City teams played as members of the Central Pennsylvania League (1887–1888), Anthracite League (1924) and North Atlantic League (1946–1950). Mahanoy City was an affiliate of the Boston Braves in 1946.
History.
Mahanoy City first had minor league baseball in 1887. Mahanoy City fielded a team in the Independent level Central Pennsylvania League, finishing in 7th place in the eight–team league. Mahanoy City finished the 1887 season with a record of 16–28 under manager James Quirk.
In their second season, Mahanoy City finished in 4th place in the Central Pennsylvania League. After finishing with a record of 24–26, playing the season under manager Amos Walbridge, Mahanoy City folded with the rest of the Central Pennsylvania League after the 1888 season.
After a 40 season hiatus, Mahanoy City returned to minor league play as the 1928. The team played as members of the Class D level Anthracite League. The Anthracite League final standings, records and statistics are unknown.
Minor league baseball returned to Mahanoy City in 1946. The Mahanoy City Bluebirds became charter members of the Class D level North Atlantic League as an affiliate of the Boston Braves. The Bluebirds finished 7th in the North Atlantic League regular season standings with a record of 30–79, playing under managers Buck Boyle and Charles Dugan. The North Atlantic League standings featured the Peekskill Highlanders 82–32, Nazareth Cement Dusters 78–40, Stroudsburg Poconos 72–47, Carbondale Pioneers 69–48, Nyack Rocklands 67–53, Bloomingdale Troopers 41–78, Mahanoy City Bluebirds 30–79 and Newburgh Hummingbirds/Walden Hummingbirds 27–89. Beginning play at East End Memorial Stadium, Mahanoy City had home season attendance of 19,261, an average of 353 per game.
The Mahanoy Bluebirds continued play in the 1947 North Atlantic League qualifying for the playoffs. In the regular season, the Bluebirds finished with a 67–65 record. Finishing in 4th place under manager Buck Etchison, Mahanoy City was defeated in the Playoffs by the Carbondale Pioneers 4 games to 3. Season attendance at East End Memorial Stadium was 51,000, an average of 773.
The team became the Mahanoy City "Brewers" in 1948. The Brewers finished 4th in the North Atlantic League regular season. After a record of 79–54 under returning Manager Buck Etchison, the Brewers were defeated again by the Carbondale Pioneers in the Playoffs, 4 games to 3. At East End Memorial Stadium, 1948 season attendance was 53,052.
In 1949, the Mahanoy City Brewers qualified for the playoffs for the third consecutive season. During the North Atlantic League regular season, the Brewers finished with a record of 71–63 losses, 3rd in the league, playing under Manager Michael Koons. In the 1949 Playoffs, the Stroudsburg Poconos defeated Mahanoy City 4 games to 3. Season home attendance for 1949 was 35,000.
The Mahanoy City Brewers played their final season in the 1950 North Atlantic League. Finishing with a season with a record of 48–88, the Brewers placed 7th in the regular season under managers Joseph Santomauro and Richard Dresser. In their final season at East End Memorial Stadium, the Brewers drew 14,550, an average of 214 per game. The North Atlantic League folded after the 1950 season. Mahanoy City has not fielded another minor league team.
The ballpark.
From 1946 to 1950, Mahanoy City teams were noted to have hosted minor league home games at East End Memorial Stadium. The ballpark had a capacity of 3,000 in 1950. Also known as "East End Park," the ballpark was located at 32 East Center Street, Mahanoy, Pennsylvania. Today, retail business occupies the site.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball league active from 1885 to 1899
The Southern League was a Class B and Class C minor league baseball league which operated intermittently in the Southern United States from 1885 to 1899. Financial problems plagued the league and its member teams throughout their existence. It was not unusual for teams to depart the league during the season or for the league to cease operations without completing the season. It was this lack of financial support which ultimately caused the league to permanently disband in 1889. In 1901, a new league, called the Southern Association, was created from its remnants.
History.
The original Southern League was formed on February 11, 1885, in Atlanta. It was the first professional league to operate in the South. Henry W. Grady, managing editor of "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution", was selected as the league's first president. The eight-team circuit included the Atlanta Atlantas, Augusta Browns, Chattanooga Lookouts, Columbus Stars, Memphis Reds, Nashville Americans, and unnamed teams from Birmingham, Alabama, and Macon, Georgia. Each team was scheduled to play 100 games during the season, but few would reach that mark as the Birmingham, Chattanooga, and Columbus clubs quit the league in the final two weeks of the season. Atlanta captured the Southern League's first pennant with their 66–32 (.673) season record. Nashville's Len Sowders was the league's first batting champion with a .309 batting average.
Financial insolvency, a perpetual problem in the league, forced the teams from Augusta and Chattanooga to drop out of the league in July 1886. Atlanta repeated their previous winning season by capturing the 1886 league pennant with a 64–28 (.696) record. Lefty Marr, mirroring Nashville teammate Len Sowders' feat from the previous season, was the league's batting champion with a .327 batting average. Charleston Seagulls pitcher Gus Wehling had the lowest earned run average (0.78) for the season. A new entrant to the league, the New Orleans Pelicans, won the 1887 league pennant with a 74–40 (.649) record. Of the seven teams fielded during the 1887 season, only three (Charleston, Memphis, and New Orleans) made it to the end of the season on October 11; financial problems forced the others to drop out of the league. Wally Andrews of Memphis was the league's batting champion (.413).
Only four teams were able to compete during the 1888 season. The season opened on April 7, was halted by early July. The league champion Birmingham Maroons compiled a 32–19 .(627) season. Memphis' John Sneed led the league with his .354 batting average. The league played again in 1889 but only fielded four teams, which was partially to blame for the failure of the 1888 season. After the first week or two of play, the Southern League reorganized by adding three other teams. The league collapsed again that season after only three teams remained active by the middle of the season. New Orleans (46–9, .836) was in first place at the time the league dissolved. The circuit was non-operational from 1890 to 1891.
The Southern League started up again in 1892, and the Birmingham Grays (73–50, .593) won the league pennant. The 1893 Southern League featured the largest circuit in the league's history. The 12-team league was hampered by a poorly-designed schedule and insufficient financing which forced the owners of the Birmingham club, Charleston Seagulls, and Nashville Tigers to turn control of their teams over to the league, which continued to operate the clubs. A meeting was held on July 1, at which the league's president, Hart, resigned despite those in attendance asking him to reconsider. J.B. Nicklin of Chattanooga was elected as the new league president six days later. Between mid July and early August, The Birmingham team transferred to Pensacola, Florida, but soon found themselves quarantined from the rest of the league due to an outbreak of yellow fever. This development, in addition to ongoing financial debacles, caused the league to end the season on August 12. The Augusta Electricians were awarded the pennant for the first part of the season, and the Macon Central City/Hornets were awarded the pennant for the second half. Charlie Frank of Memphis won the league batting title with a .390 average.
In 1894, some teams were forced to sell their players to other clubs in order to stay financially solvent, while others refused to continue play in the second half. Only Nashville, Mobile, New Orleans, and Memphis competed after the season's midpoint. This prompted the Southern League to call the rest of the season off nine games into the second half on July 7, 1894, as the result of league-wide financial instability brought on by the expense of travel and poor attendance. Memphis was awarded the pennant for having the best overall record.
In the ensuing months, baseball leaders across the South considered which cities to include in the next iteration of the league. Representatives met at The Read House Hotel in Chattanooga on January 14 to reorganize for the 1895 season. Membership was granted to clubs in Atlanta, Chattanooga, Evansville, Little Rock, Memphis, Montgomery, Nashville, and New Orleans, thus lessening the expense of travel incurred in the past with the inclusion of cities such as Charleston and Savannah. Each of the eight teams paid a US$1,000 deposit to guarantee they would play the entire season. They also pledged to pay dues of $100 per month plus 3% of total gate receipts for a sinking fund. Player salaries were capped at $1,000 per team.
The 1895 season saw the Chattanooga franchise being transferred to Mobile on June 19, Memphis disbanding on July 23, and Little Rock dropping out on July 27. Though the Atlanta Crackers and Nashville Seraphs ended the 1895 season tied for first place, a meeting of the league's directors resulted in the nullification of an August 10 game between the two in which the umpire improperly made an out call following fan interference. This ruling caused the Seraphs' winning percentage to rise to .676 (71–34) and Atlanta's to fall to .667 (68–34), making Nashville the pennant winner. Chattanooga/Mobile's Lew Whistler won the league batting title with a .404 batting average.
The New Orleans Pelicans (67–30, .744) won their third league pennant in 1896, giving them more championships in the original Southern League than any other club. The league was in-operational in 1897 due to the lack of financial support. In 1898, the league made it as far as July 4 before shutting down again. The Augusta, Georgia, club was in first place at the time with a 20–8 (.714) record. The Southern League consisted of only four teams during its 1899 season. The Mobile Blackbirds (23–16, .590) were in first place when the league suspended operations on May 1. This was the final season of competition for the original Southern League—a lack of interest and financial support caused the league to fold for good. Two years later, in 1901, the Southern Association was created by Abner Powell, Charley Frank, and Ike Fisher out of the remnants of the Southern League.
Teams.
Team nicknames were not official for most teams in the 19th century. Names were often bestowed by local sportswriters or civic leaders. As such, some records only provide the city a team represented with no moniker.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
Minor league baseball teams were based in Chillicothe, Ohio between 1884 and 1916. Chillicothe teams played as members of the Ohio State League in 1884, Tri-State League in 1894 and Ohio State League from 1910 to 1916.
History.
Organized baseball reportedly began in Chillicothe, Ohio in 1866. A Chillicothe team was noted to have defeated the Circleville Eurekas 25–2.
Minor league baseball play was first hosted in Chillicothe, Ohio in 1884, when the Chillicothe Logans team became charter members of the Ohio State League. The Dayton Gem Citys, Hamilton, Ironton, Portsmouth Riversides and Springfield teams joined Chillicothe in 1884 league play. On August 1, 1884, the Chillicothe Logans team folded. At the time the team folded on August 1, Chillicothe had a 13–38 record playing under manager T.L. Duncan. The Dayton Gem Citys were the eventual league champions.
In 1894, Chillicothe fielded a team in the Tri-State League. The Chillicothe team was joined by the Charleston, West Virginia, Huntington, West Virginia, Circleville, Ohio, Manchester, Ohio, Portsmouth, Ohio, Jackson, Michigan and Maysville, Kentucky teams in the eight–team league. League statistics and records for the 1894 season are unknown.
In 1910, minor league baseball returned to Chillicothe, Ohio. The Chillicothe Infants became members of the reformed six–team Class D level Ohio State League. The Lancaster Lanks, Lima Cigarmakers, Marion Diggers, Newark Newks and Portsmouth Cobblers joined Chillicothe as league members.
On May 5, 1910, Chillicothe hosted their home opener at "League Park." The ballpark grandstands reportedly caught fire due to a cigarette and burned completely, with no injuries reported. It was reported the team then moved home games to "Kite Track." The League Park grandstands were eventually rebuilt for the 1911 season.
In 1910 league play the Chillicothe Infants finished last in the six–team Ohio State League standings. With a record of 52–85, the Infants placed sixth in the final standings, playing the season under managers Frank Grubb and Tom Kibler. Chillicothe finished 33.5 games behind the first place Portsmouth Cobblers.
1911 Ohio State League expanded from six teams to eight teams. The Chillicothe Infants placed fourth in the final standings with a record of 78–62. Playing under manager Zeke Wrigley, the Infants finished 6.5 games behind the first place Springfield Reapers in the Ohio State League standings.
The Chillicothe Infants team finished last in the 1912 six–team Ohio State League. The Infants ended the Ohio State League season with an overall regular season record of 57–77, managed by Jesse Tannehill, Ray Ryan and Al Newnham. Chillicothe finished 24.5 games behind the place first place Portsmouth Cobblers in the final regular season standings.
As the 1913 Ohio State League expanded and became an eight–team league, the newly named Chillicothe "Babes" won the league championship. Chillicothe placed first in the 1913 season standings with a 83–49 record, playing under returning manager Al Newnham. The Babes finished the season mere percentage points (.629 to .627) ahead of the second place Charleston Senators (84–50) in the final standings to win the championship. Charleston began the final day of the season 2.0 games behind Chillicothe and reportedly won a double–header on the final day against Maysville, while Chillicothe lost a double–header to Portsmouth to put the teams even in the standings. Charleston was noted to have hosted a premature banquet to celebrate a championship Eventually, the Chillicothe championship was reportedly confirmed at the league meeting, held in Huntington, West Virginia on October 22, 1913. Frank Nesser of Chillicothe led the Ohio State in total hits with 178.
The 1914 Chillicothe Babes finished in third place for the Ohio state League season, as the league began the season as an eight–team league and had four franchises fold during the season. Chillicothe ended the 1914 season with a 44–73 record, playing under returning manager Al Newham. Chillicothe finished 12.0 games behind the 1st place Portsmouth Cobblers in the final standings, as Ironton Nailers, Huntington Blue Sox, Maysville Angels and Newport Newks/Paris teams folding during the season.
the 1915 Chillicothe Babes began play the six–team Ohio State League but relocated during the season. On July 13, 1913, Chillicothe relocated and moved to Huntington, West Virginia with a record of 27–34. After a 2–4 record in Huntington, the franchise relocated to Maysville, Kentucky on July 19, 1915, finishing the season as the Maysville Angels. Overall, the team had a record of 58–55 and placed third in the Ohio State League final standings, playing under manager Josh Devore in all three locations. His major league playing career having just ended, Devore had reportedly bought stock in the Chillicothe franchise in 1915 and had agreed to manage and play for the team. Devore was noted to have lived in Chillicothe, Ohio for the remainder of his life. The Chillicothe/Huntsville/Maysville team finished 13.0 games behind the first place Portsmouth Cobblers. The Maysville Burley Cubs continued play in the 1916 Ohio State League.
In their final season of play, the 1916 Chillicothe Babes briefly rejoined the Ohio State League during the season. On July 13, 1916, the Charleston Senators franchise relocated to Chillicothe with a record of 24–34. On July 18, 1916, the Ohio State League folded. After compiling a record of 5–1 based in Chillicothe, the Charleston/Chillicothe team ended the season in third place with an overall record of 29–35. Playing under manager Watt Powell in both locations, the combined team finished 17.0 games behind the first place Portsmouth Truckers in the final Standings. The Ohio State did not return to play in the 1917 season.
Chillicothe, Ohio next hosted minor league baseball in 1993, when the Chillicothe Paints franchise began play as members of the Independent level Frontier League.
The ballpark.
The Chillicothe minor league teams reportedly played 1910 to 1916 home games at Arch Street Park. The ballpark was noted to have been located off of Arch Street, near Allen Avenue & Vine, Chillicothe, Ohio. References indicate the ballpark of 1910 was called "League Park" and burned to the ground on opening day of May 5, 1910, with the team moving home games in 1910 to the "Kite Track." The League Park ballpark was rebuilt for the 1911 season at a cost of $5,000. The ballpark location later became Herrnstein Field and eventually the Obadiah Harris & Family Athletic Complex.
Notable alumni.
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References.
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] |
18152109 | American sports coach and athletic director (1881–1970)
Zora Goodwin Clevenger (December 12, 1881 – November 24, 1970) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player, coach, and pioneering athletic director. He served as the head football coach at Nebraska Wesleyan University (1908–1910), the University of Tennessee (1911–1915), and Kansas State University (1916–1919), compiling a record of 47–32–7. Clevenger was also the head basketball coach at Indiana University (1904–1906), Nebraska Wesleyan (1907–1911), Tennessee (1911–1916), and Kansas State (1916–1919), and was baseball coach at Indiana (1905–1906), Nebraska Wesleyan (1908–1911), Tennessee (1911–1916), and Kansas State (1919–1921). Clevenger served as the athletic director at Kansas State (1916–1920), the University of Missouri (1921–1923), and Indiana (1923–1946). He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1968.
Playing career.
Clevenger was a star 5'7", 145-pound left halfback on the Indiana Hoosiers football team at Indiana University Bloomington from 1900 to 1903. He also played baseball, as a shortstop, and basketball at Indiana. He was captain of all three squads.
Coaching and sports administration career.
Following his graduation, Clevenger served as head coach for the basketball and baseball teams at Indiana for two years. He then coached football, basketball, and baseball at Nebraska Wesleyan University from 1908 to 1911.
In 1911, Clevenger moved to the University of Tennessee, where he served as head football, basketball, and baseball coach until 1916. While at Tennessee, he posted a 26–15–2 record in football, including a conference championship and the school's first undefeated season in 1914. At the same time, his 1915–16 basketball team went undefeated, and was acknowledged as the best team in the South. Clevenger also served as athletic director at Tennessee.
Prior to the 1916 football season, Clevenger moved to Kansas State University, where he served as head football coach, head basketball coach, head baseball coach, and as the first athletic director for the school. Curiously, John R. Bender moved from Kansas State to Tennessee at the same time, so the two schools in effect swapped football coaches. Clevenger's football teams at Kansas State had an overall record of 19–9–2. He found even more success in basketball, posting a 54–17 record, still the best winning percentage in school history, and winning two Missouri Valley Conference championships.
In 1921, Clevenger left the coaching profession and moved to the University of Missouri, where he served as athletic director until 1923. In 1923, Clevenger returned to Indiana and became its most venerated athletic director, holding that position for 23 years before retiring in 1946. He was replaced in the position by Bo McMillin. While at Indiana, Clevenger helped found the annual East–West Shrine Game.
Honors.
Clevenger was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1968. The I-Men's Association at Indiana University annually awards a Z. G. Clevenger Award in his honor. It is the highest award given by the organization.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Bisbee-Douglas Copper Kings was a primary moniker of the minor league baseball teams based in Bisbee, Arizona and Douglas, Arizona between 1947 and 2003. They played as members of the Arizona–Texas League from 1947 to 1948, Southwest International League in 1951 and Arizona–Mexico League from 1955 to 1958.
The Bisbee-Douglas teams were an affiliate of the New York Yankees from 1947 to1948, Brooklyn Dodgers from 1950 to 1951 and Pittsburgh Pirates from 1956 to 1958.
History.
The Arizona–Mexico League was active from 1955–58 and was the successor of the Arizona–Texas League. Following the 1955 season the team moved to Douglas for the 1956, 1957 and 1958 seasons.
The original Arizona–Mexico League team featured future major leaguers Clint Courtney, Johnny Keane, Jim Tobin and Earl Wilson.
In 1958 the Copper Kings did something no other professional team has done. All 9 players of the starting line–up hit a home run in the same game. See the external link below.
In 2003, the Bisbee-Douglas Copper Kings were briefly reconstituted in an independent professional league, also known as the Arizona–Mexico League, which suspended operations three weeks into the season. The 2003 Copper Kings resumed minor league play under manager Butch Hammett. Their general manager was John Guy. Local baseball historian David Skinner was minority owner. The Copper Kings ended with a final record of 9–7, tied for second place.
The 2003 Copper Kings gained national attention with their colorful promotions including Ted Williams Night in which they gave away free popsicles to their fans in relation to Ted Williams being cryogenically frozen in Scottsdale, Arizona. The 2003 club also made news with the signing of former National League base-stealing champion Chuck Carr, who played center field for the abbreviated season. Former Richmond Braves shortstop Jose Mateo also played with the Copper Kings.
The ballpark.
The team played home games in both Bisbee and Douglas. In Bisbee they played their home games at Warren Ballpark, the oldest ballpark in the United States, constructed in 1909. Games in Douglas were played at Copper King Stadium. Warren Ballpark, built with adobe and steel, still stands in a suburb of Bisbee as does Copper King Stadium in Douglas. | 622 | [
309,
358,
70,
621,
648,
432,
400,
403,
609
] | 45 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team from Texas
The Gorman Buddies were a West Texas League baseball team based in Gorman, Texas, United States that played for part of the 1920 season. Before the season ended, they moved to Sweetwater, Texas to become the Sweetwater Swatters. They are the only professional team to come out of Gorman, Texas.
Major league baseball player Guy Sturdy played for them.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Lenoir Red Sox were a minor league baseball team based in Lenoir, North Carolina. Between 1937 and 1951, Lenoir teams played as members of the 1937 and 1938 Carolina League, 1939 and 1940 Tar Heel League, 1946 and 1947 Blue Ridge League and the Western Carolina League from 1948 to 1951, winning three league championships. Lenoir teams hosted home minor league games at the Lenoir High School Field.
After playing as the unaffiliated Lenoir "Indians" from 1937 to 1939, the 1940 Lenoir "Reds" were a minor league affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. The franchise resumed play in 1946 with the Lenoir "Red Sox" who then became an affiliate of the New York Giants from 1949 to 1951.
History.
1937–1940 Carolina League / Tar Heel League.
In 1937, the Lenoir Indians began minor league play. Lenoir played as members of the six–team Independent level Carolina League, formally called the "Carolina Baseball League." The league was referred to as an "outlaw" league because of the Independent status. Most of the other league members had previously hosted numerous semi–pro teams in the Carolina Textile League, made up of locals and mill workers. The 1937 Indians finished with a record of 42–54 to place fifth, playing under player/manager Baxter Moose. Lenoir finished 12.5 games behind the first place Kannapolis Towelers. The Carolina League Lenoir franchise is listed in some references as the "Finishers."
The 1938 Lenoir Indians won the Carolina League Championship. The Indians finished the season in first place in the six–team final league standings with a 60–39 record, playing under manager Bobby Hipps. Lenoir finished 4.0 games ahead of the second place Hickory Rebels in the final standings. No playoffs were held. The Carolina League folded following the 1938 season, resuming play in 1945, affected by World War II.
In 1939, the Lenoir Indians continued play, becoming members of the six–team Class D level Tar Heel League. The Indians placed 2nd in the standings and finished the season with 61–46 record, playing under managers Lefty Guise and Clarence Roper. Lenoir finished 10.5 games behind the first place Gastonia Cardinals in the final regular season standings. In the playoffs, the Statesville Owls defeated Lenoir 3 games to 0.
Continuing play in the 1940 Tar Heel League, Lenoir became a minor league affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds, and began play as the Lenoir Reds. The Lenoir Reds finished with a record of 53–55 to place fourth in the regular season standings, finishing 19.0 games behind the first place Statesville Owls. Playing under manager Ray Rice, the Reds advanced to the playoffs, where they lost in 1st round, where Statesville defeated Lenoir 4 games to 2 in their playoff series.
1946–1951 Blue Ridge League / Western Carolina League.
In 1946, the Lenoir "Red Sox" became charter members of the four–team Class D level Blue Ridge League during the season. The Galax Leafs, Mount Airy Graniteers and Radford Rockets and Salem Friends began 1946 league play, which commenced on May 1, 1946. The Salem franchise moved to Lenoir during the season.
In their first season of play in the new league, the 1946 Lenoir "Red Sox" won 1946 Blue Ridge League championship after the relocation of Salem. On June 25, 1946, the Salem Friends franchise relocated to Lenoir with a 20–8 record. After compiling a 51–27 record while based in Lenoir, the Salem/Lenoir team placed first in the final league standings, playing the season under managers Vernon Mackey and Noel Casbier. The Red Sox ended the season with an overall record of 71–35 and finished the season 11.0 games ahead of the second place Mount Airy Graniteers team as no playoffs were held.
Defending their league championship in the 1947 Blue Ridge League, the Lenoir Red Sox reached the four–team league finals. After a regular season record of 43–73, the team placed fourth and last in the standings as the league implemented a new playoff system that involved all four teams. Playing under manager Noel Casbier, Lenoir finished 28.5 games behind the first place Galax Leafs. In the playoffs, Lenoir defeated the Mount Airy Graniteers 3 games to 1 to advance. In the Finals, the Galax Leafs won the championship after defeating Lenoir 4 games to 3.
The 1948 Lenoir Red Sox continued play in a new league, as Lenoir became charter members of the eight–team Class D level Western Carolina League. The Forest City Owls, Hendersonville Skylarks, Lincolnton Cardinals, Marion Marauders, Morganton Aggies, Newton-Conover Twins and Shelby Farmers teams joined Lenoir as charter members.
Beginning Western Carolina League play on April 30, 1948, the Lenoir Red Sox placed seventh in the regular season final standings. With a record of 49–61, playing under managers Jack McLain and Claude Jonnard, Lenoir finished 20.0 games behind the first place Lincolnton Cardinals in the Western Carolina League regular season standings. Lenoir did not qualify for the four–team playoffs.
The 1949 Lenoir Red Sox kept their nickname as the team became a minor league affiliate of the New York Giants, an affiliation that would last through the 1951 season. Lenoir placed fifth in the 1949 Western Carolina League regular season standings, missing the playoffs. The Red Sox ended the season with a record of 57–50 under returning manager Claude Jonnard, finishing 14.5 games behind the first place Newton-Conover Twins. Pitcher Walter Lentz of Lenoir led the league with a 3.03 ERA.
In 1950, the Lenoir Red Sox won the Western Carolina League championship. In the regular season, Lenoir placed second with a 67–40 record, managed again by Claude Jonnard. Lenoir finished 0.5 game behind the first place Newton-Conover Twins (69–41) in the final regular standings, with .001 separating the teams. In the first round of the playoffs, the Lenoir Red Sox defeated the Marion Marauders 4 games to 3 to advance. In the Finals, Lenoir won another seven-game series, defeating Newton-Conover 4 games to 3 to win the championship. Robert Featherstone of Lenoir led the Western Carolina League with 27 home runs.
In their final season of play, the 1951 Lenoir Red Sox placed seventh in the Western Carolina League regular season standings. Lenoir finished with a record of 40–70, managed by Claude Jonnard, Okey Flowers and John Olsen. Lenoir did not qualify for the playoffs in the eight–team Western Carolina League. Rutherford County finished with a regular season record of 62–48 to place fifth in the regular season standings, playing under returning manager Rube Wilson. The Red Sox finished their final season 31.0 games behind the first place Morganton Aggies in the final regular season standings.
The 1952 Western Carolina League played the season reduced to six teams, after Lenoir folded. Lenoir, North Carolina has not hosted another minor league franchise.
The ballpark.
The Lenoir teams hosted minor league home games at Lenoir High School Field. In the era, the ballpark was reportedly located behind the high school at 521 West College Avenue, Lenoir, North Carolina. Today, Lenoir High School is closed as a public school, but is still in use as a residential facility and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The building is located at 100 Willow Street SW, Lenoir, North Carolina.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Gainesville Blue Ribbons were a minor league baseball team based in Gainesville, Texas. In 1911, the Blue Ribbons played briefly as members of the Class D level Texas-Oklahoma League, before the team folded during the season. Gainesville hosted home minor league games at Fair Grounds Park. The Blue Ribbons preceded the Gainesville Owls, who began play as members of the Big State League in 1947.
History.
In 1911, the Gainesville "Blue Ribbons" became a charter member of the eight–team, Class D level Texas–Oklahoma League.
The Blue Ribbons joined the Altus Chiefs, Bonham Boosters, Ardmore Blues, Cleburne Railroaders, Durant Educators, Lawton Medicine Men and Wichita Falls Irish Lads in beginning Texas–Oklahoma League play on April 25, 1911.
The "Blue Ribbons" nickname corresponds to Gainesville hosting home games at the Fair Grounds Park.
On June 14, 1911, the Gainesville Blue Ribbons folded. When the team folded, Gainesville had played the season under managers John Stone and George Morris. Lawton disbanded within days of Altus, followed by Altus on July 18, whose folding corresponded with the end of the 1st half of the split–season schedule for the Texas–Oklahoma League.
Gainesville finished their partial season with a final record of 19–30, with the Lawton Medicine Men (17–31) and Altus Chiefs (31–44) also ending their seasons early. In the final Texas–Oklahoma League overall standings, the Wichita Falls Irish Lads (65–38) led the league, followed by the Durant Educators (65–46), Cleburne Railroaders (61–50), Bonham Boosters (54–60) and Ardmore Blues (49–58). The Wichita Falls Irish Lads won the 1st half title and Cleburne won the 2nd half title. In the playoff final, Wichita Falls had a two games to one lead, but refused to play game four after a financial dispute and Cleburne was awarded the championship.
Gainesville did not field a franchise in the 1912 Texas–Oklahoma League. Gainesville, Texas next hosted minor league baseball, when the 1947 Gainesville Owls began play as members of the Class B level Big State League.
The Ballpark.
The Gainesville Blue Ribbons hosted home games at Fair Grounds Park.Today, the Cooke County Fair is still an annual event, having begun in 1871. The Fair Grounds were relocated to a new location in 1983.
Notable alumni.
No Gainesville Blue Ribbons' alumni advanced to the major leagues.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Tallahassee Capitals were a Minor League Baseball team, based in Tallahassee, Florida, United States, that operated between 1935 and 1942. Playing as members of the Georgia–Florida League (1935–1942, 1946–1950) and Alabama–Florida League (1951), Tallahassee teams won league championships in 1935, 1936 and 1950.
History.
The team originated in the Georgia–Florida League as the Capitals. They had affiliation deals with the New York Giants (1935–1936), Brooklyn Dodgers (1938) and Cleveland Indians (1939). The onset of World War II led to the team temporarily shutting down in 1942.
When the war ended, they reformed as an affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1946, now known as the Tallahassee Pirates.
When that agreement ended, they joined the Alabama–Florida League for one last season, in 1951, as the Tallahassee Citizens.
The ballpark.
The Capitals played at Centennial Field. Centennial Field was built in 1925 and demolished in 1975. It was located on South Monroe Street just South of the State Capitol Building. Today, the site has been repurposed and hosts a new Centennial Field at Cascades Park, which is on the National Register of Historic Places.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Abbeville Athletics, also known as the Abbeville A's, were a minor league baseball team, based in Abbeville, Louisiana, that played in the Evangeline League from 1935–1939, 1946–1950, and 1952. The Athletics made it to the Evangeline League playoffs twice — in 1938 and 1946 — but never won the league pennant.
In 1934, a group of local businessmen, including Abbeville Mayor Fred T. Schlesinger, formed the Abbeville Athletic Association with the aim of funding construction of a grandstand and sports park on the grounds of Abbeville High School. The team name was chosen in 1935 after soliciting potential names from across Vermillion Parish. Some 60 names were proposed with "Athletics" being selected via a drawing.
1934–1940.
In late 1934, the Abbeville Athletic Association was accepted into the year-old Evangeline Baseball League as one of two expansion teams or the league's second season. At the same time, the club accepted an offer from the Nashville Vols, an affiliate of the New York Giants to establish a training camp and affiliation agreement. For the 1936 season, the Athletics affiliated with the Fort Worth Panthers of the Texas League, but in 1937 the Athletics changed owners and announced they would field an independent, unaffiliated team, saying that the Nashville and Fort Worth affiliations had not proved "satisfactory from a financial standpoint" and failed to deliver the talented players the team needed. Player turnover was extraordinarily high for the 1936 Athletics with more than 50 players rotating through the team's rooster during the season.
In March 1940, the Athletics' owner I.M. Goldberg, in a dispute with the Evangeline League's leadership, surrendered the team's franchise. A group of local citizens sought to raise funds to keep the team in Abbeville and in the league, but ultimately the franchise was lost.
1946–1952.
In September 1945, Goldberg was active in efforts to restart the Evangeline League, which had folded in 1942 due to the Second World War, and when the league was reconstituted for the 1946 season, the Abbeville Athletics were again a participant. But by 1950, the team was in disarray and the league looked to move the franchise out of Abbeville. In January 1951, Goldberg abandoned his ownership of the Athletics and, despite an effort by local leaders to keep the team in Abbeville, the league welcomed the Crowley Millers into the league and the Athletics disbanded.
In 1952, the Athletics rejoined the Evangeline League, taking over the Hammond Berries' franchise. After a single season, however, the team lost the support of its affiliate, the Texarkana Bears, and ended up folding.
1946 playoffs scandal.
The Abbeville Athletics entered the playoffs in the number three slot, having ended the regular season 9.5 games behind the league-leading Houma Indians. After beating the Natchez Giants in the first round of the Evangeline League playoffs, the Athletics lost four games in the final seven-game post-season series against the Houma Indians. However, after the season ended, several Athletics and Indians players were investigated for throwing the playoff games. Athletics owner I.M. Goldberg claimed that Houma players had thrown game four in the first round series against the Alexandria Aces, as well as the first game against the Athletics. He also accused his players of throwing game four in the series against Houma. Four Houma players — Bill Thomas, Lanny Pecou, Alvin W. Kaiser, and Paul Fugit — along with Abbeville catcher Don Vetorel were suspended for conspiring with "New Orleans bookies" to manipulate the playoff series to benefit themselves "and their gambling friends." The players all denied the accusations. In August 1949, Thomas and Pecou were restored to eligibility and rejoined the Indians.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Paterson Silk Weavers were a minor league baseball team based in Paterson, New Jersey. From 1896 to 1899, Paterson played exclusively as members of the Atlantic League, winning the 1896 league championship amidst controversy. Baseball Hall of Fame charter member Honus Wagner played for the 1896 and 1897 Paterson Silk Weavers, before making his major league debut in 1897. Fellow Hall of Fame member Ed Barrow was Wagner's manager in 1896, after scouting him and signing him to the team. Barrow managed the Paterson team again in 1899.
History.
In 1896, the Paterson "Silk Weavers" became charter members of the eight–team Class A level Atlantic League, the highest level of minor leagues at the time. The Hartford Bluebirds, Lancaster Maroons, New Haven Texas Steers, Philadelphia Athletics, New York Metropolitans, Newark Colts and Wilmington Peaches joined Newark in beginning league play on April 23, 1896.
The "Silk Weavers" nickname corresponds to the silk weaving industry in Paterson in the era. Paterson was known as "Silk City."
Baseball Hall of Fame member Ed Barrow was the owner and manager of the 1896 Silk Weavers. Barrow first met Baseball Hall of Fame charter member Honus Wagner, in 1895, as Wagner was throwing lumps of coal at a railroad station in Pennsylvania. Barrow signed Wagner to his first professional contract and then signed Wagner again to play for him in Paterson in 1896. In 1897, Wagner's talents were obvious and the Louisville Colonels of the National League (NL) purchased Wagner from Paterson for $2,100 ($ in current dollar terms).
The Paterson Silk Weavers placed third in the 1896 Atlantic League regular season in their first season of play. A controversial playoff ensued. Playing under manager Ed Barrow, the Silk Weavers ended the 1896 season with a final record of 74–60, finishing 3.5 games ahead of the pennant winning Newark Colts in the final standings of the seven–team league. The Wilmington Peaches (58–79), New York Metropolitans/Philadelphia Athletics (57–69), Lancaster Maroons (26–30) and New Haven Texas Steers (21–38) followed Paterson in the final standings. Lancaster and New Haven folded before the end of the season, leaving five teams to complete the 1896 season.
After the 1896 season, Hartford challenged Newark's final record, contesting that their record was unfairly inflated due to a dozen extra games played. It was argued that Newark also used suspended pitcher Joseph Frye, who had left Hartford during the season. As a result, the second place Hartford Bluebirds challenged Newark to a seven–game series to decide the championship. Newark declined the invitation and remained champions as decided by the league. The third place Paterson Silk Weavers then accepted the Hartford invitation to play a series. Paterson prevailed over Hartford five games to two in what was called the "Soby Cup."
The Soby Cup, is an actual cup, made of silver, that was given to the Atlantic League by tobacco businessman Charles Soby of Hartford, Connecticut, in September 1896. In its first season, the cup was to be awarded to the winner of a postseason series between the league's top two teams; in subsequent years, the holder of the cup would play a series against the league's top finishing team. Today, the physical cup resides in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Baseball Hall of Fame charter member Honus Wagner played for Paterson in 1896, at age 22, hitting.313 in 109 games with 6 home runs and 48 RBI. Wagner was in his second season of professional baseball. Manager Ed Barrow had seen Wagner play in 1895 and signed him to play for Paterson in 1896.
Paterson Pitcher Sam McMackin had a strong season in 1896, ending with a record of 25–16 and a 2.83 ERA in 384.1 innings pitched. This despite being suspended for several games for pitching while drunk. McMackin lead the team in wins and innings pitched. After the season, the "Sporting Life" wrote that: "No two men (McMackin and teammate Jack Kellackey) worked harder for the success of the local team during the past season than did these two, and the people here appreciate it. McMackin has been made night timekeeper in one of the large iron factories here, and has already started in."
The 1897 Paterson Silk Weavers continued play as members of the eight–team Class B level Atlantic League. Managed by Jim Gilman and Heinie Smith, Paterson ended the 1897 season with a record of 68–79, placing sixth and finishing 28.0 games behind the first place Lancaster Maroons.
Honus Wagner began the 1897 season playing for Paterson, before making his major league debut at the end of the season. On May 5, 1897, Wagner led Paterson to victory over Lancaster with an RBI triple, driving in two runs early in the game, before winning the game with a three-run home run. Wagner was hitting .379 when he joined the Louisville Colonels of the National League, making his major league debut on July 19, 1897. Ed Barrow had contacted Louisville president Barney Dreyfuss, secretary Harry Pulliam, and player-manager Fred Clarke to travel to Paterson to see Wagner play.
Following the 1897 season, the Soby Cup series should have been contested between Lancaster, that year's top team, and Paterson, who had won the cup in 1896. However, league officials decided to have the top two teams of 1897—Lancaster and Newark—play for the cup. After Lancaster and Newark could not agree to terms for a series, the Soby Cup was awarded to Lancaster, the pennant winner.
Prior to the 1898 season, the Atlantic League discontinued the postseason Soby Cup format, and returned the physical cup to Charles Soby. By 1951, the cup was at the Baseball Hall of Fame, where it remains as of 2019[ [update]].
The Paterson Silk Weavers or "Weavers" placed fourth in the 1898 Atlantic League. Paterson ended the 1898 season with a record of 58–71, as Sam LaRocque served as manager. Newark finished 19.0 games behind the first place Richmond Bluebirds in final standings of the eight–team league.
In their final season of play, the 1899 Paterson team continued play as the Atlantic League was elevated to a Class A level league. The team switched nicknames to become the Paterson "Giants." The Giants folded before the end of the season. On July 9, 1899, Paterson folded and ended the 1899 season with a record of 21–51. Rasty Wright, John Thornton, Ed Barrow and Abner Powell managed the Giants during the season, as Paterson finished 25.0 games behind the champion place Richmond Blue Birds in the final Atlantic League standings.
After the Paterson Giants folded, the city was without a minor league team until the 1904 Paterson Intruders began play as members of the Hudson River League.
The Atlantic League resumed play for the 1914 season, with the Paterson "Silk Citys" as a member as the league folded following the season.
The ballpark.
The name of the Paterson home ballpark in Atlantic League play is not directly referenced.East Side Park was in use in the era, hosting baseball, after first becoming a public park in the 1880s. Still in use today as a public park, and hosting baseball at Larry Doby Field within the park, East Side Park is located on Martin Luther King, Jr. Way (Broadway) to the north, McLean Boulevard (State Route 20) to the east, Park Avenue to the south, and Derrom Avenue to the west.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Robert E. Lee's were a minor league baseball team based in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1886, the uniquely named Robert E. Lee's played as members of the Gulf League in the league's only season of play, placing last in the four–team league.
History.
After beginning amateur play under the "Robert E. Lee's" name in 1864, a team of the same name played minor league baseball in the 1886 season, based in New Orleans, Louisiana. They joined a fellow New Orleans team in beginning minor league play that season.
On April 7, 1886, the Gulf League finalized plans to play in the 1886 season. Teams were expected to be placed in Columbus, Georgia, Mobile, Alabama, Montgomery, Alabama, New Orleans, Louisiana, Pensacola, Florida and Selma, Alabama.
Ultimately, the Gulf League began play as a four–team league, based in two cities. The Acid Iron Earths and the Mobile team were both based in Mobile, Alabama. The New Orleans team and the uniquely named Robert E. Lee's team were based in New Orleans, Louisiana and were the first professional baseball teams in the city.
On June 16, 1886, the league officers were selected, with J.G. Brien, of the Robert E. Lee's as the Gulf League president; Richard Sheridan of the Acid Iron Earths, vice president; Charles Shaffer of Mobile, treasurer; and F. McKeough, of New Orleans, secretary.
To begin the season, the Robert E. Lee's played in Mobile against the Acid Iron Earths on June 20 and 21, 1886. After the Robert E. Lee's began Gulf League play on June 20, 1886, the season schedule ended on Oct 31, 1886. In the final standings, the Robert E. Lee's finished last in the 1886 Gulf League, playing the season under manager Conrad Leithman.
The Acid Iron Earths team ended the season in first place in the Gulf League, with a 20–11 record. They finished 1.0 game ahead of second place Mobile (19–12). The two were followed by New Orleans (15–15) and the Robert E. Lee's (7–23) in the final Gulf League standings.
Robert E. Lee's players Joe Dowie, Bill Geiss, George Mundinger, John Peltz, Mike Shea, Lev Shreve and Jimmy Woulfe all played major league baseball.
In 1887, the Gulf League and the Robert E. Lee's team did not return to play. The New Orleans Pelicans and Mobile Swamp Angels teams began play as members of the 1887 Southern League.
The ballpark.
The Robert E. Lee's home minor league ballpark is not directly referenced. The Crescent City Base Ball Park opened in 1886, corresponding with the play of the 1886 New Orleans team and the Robert E. Lee's team in Gulf League play. The ballpark was also called "Sportsman's Park" and hosted the 1887 New Orleans Pelicans.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 629 | [
309,
70,
358,
609,
621,
196,
257,
413,
580,
455,
637,
384,
517,
47,
222,
678,
120,
602,
192,
310,
488
] | 45 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Elgin Watch Makers were a minor league baseball team based in Elgin, Illinois in 1915. Elgin teams played as members of the Class D level Northern Association in 1910 and Bi-State League in 1915, winning the 1910 league championship. Elgin played as the Elgin "Kittens" in 1910 in a shortened season, with the nickname being a tribute to manager Mal Kittridge. The Elgin minor league teams hosted home games at Trout Park.
History.
1910: Northern Association championship.
Minor league baseball began with the 1910 Elgin Kittens, who played as charter members of the eight–team Class D level Northern Association, which folded during the 1910 season. Elgin joined the Clinton Teddies, Decatur Commodores, Freeport Pretzels, Jacksonville Jacks, Joliet Jolly-ites, Kankakee Kays and Muscatine Pearl Finders in beginning league play on May 10, 1910.
Elgin ended the 1910 shortened season with the best record in the Northern Association.
Elgin pitchers threw two no-hitters during the 1910 season, occurring just weeks apart in May, with both against the Freeport Pretzels. On May 13, 1910, Cy Boothby of Elgin threw the first franchise no–hitter, defeating Freeport 7–2. On May 30, 1910, Earl Wilson threw a no–hitter in defeating the Pretzels 3–0.
The Northern Association folded on July 17, 1910. At the time the league folded, the Kittens had a record of 37–20, finishing first in the standings under player/manager Mal Kittridge. Kittridge was a former player of the nearby Chicago Cubs and was the namesake of the "Kittens" nickname. Elgin had folded on July 11, 1910, on the same day as the Kankee Kays, contributing to the demise of the league. Playing home games at Trout Park, Elgin finished 0.5 game ahead of the second place Muscatine Pearl Finders in the final standings. Fritz Maisel of Elgin led the Northern Association in runs scored with 49 and teammate Buck Hopkins led the league with 7 home runs. The Northern Association did not return to play in 1911.
1915: Bi-State League.
In 1915 Elgin resumed minor league play when the Elgin "Watch Makers" became charter members of the Bi-State League, which formed as a Class D level league. Elgin began the 1915 season playing with the Aurora Foxes, Freeport Pretzels, Ottawa Indians, Racine Belles and Streator Boosters in the six–team league. The league began play on May 11, 1915.
The use of the "Watch Makers" moniker was in reference to local industry in the era. Elgin, Illinois was home to the Elgin National Watch Company, which was founded in 1863.
The Bi–State League permanently folded on July 7, 1915, during its first season of play. The Watch Makers had a 27–26 record and were in third place in the Bi–State League standings when the league folded. Denny Blake served as manager, as Elgin finished 5.5 games behind the first place Streator Boosters in the final standings. Streator was followed by the Racine Belles (30–20), Elgin Watch Makers (27–26), Aurora Foxes (25–27), Freeport Pretzels (23–29), and Ottawa Indians (20–35) in the standings.
The Bi-State League did not return to play in 1916. Elgin, Illinois has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The Elgin minor league teams reportedly played home games at Trout Park. Today, Trout Park is still in use as a public park with ballfields. It is located at 576 Trout Park Boulevard, Elgin, Illinois.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 630 | [
70,
609,
358,
309,
446,
196,
621,
580,
593,
120,
128,
365,
602,
375,
455,
599,
146
] | 45 | [
1460981,
1293483,
2232533,
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1682567,
607647,
2233397,
2477552,
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2222594,
2226904,
2229800,
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607553,
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Plattsburgh Brewers were a minor league baseball team based in Plattsburgh, New York. Between 1895 and 1907, Plattsburgh teams played as members of the Eastern International League (1895), International League (1896), Northern New York League (1901–1905), Independent Northern League (1906), New Hampshire State League (1907) and Vermont State League (1907), winning the 1901 league championship. The Plattsburgh teams hosted minor league home games at Clinton Park.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Eddie Collins played for Plattsburgh in 1906, losing his collegiate eligibility in playing for the team, before making his major league debut later in the 1906 season.
History.
Plattsburgh was home to semi-pro teams before minor league baseball. Baseball Hall of Fame member George Davis was reported to be the mascot as a teenager for a Plattsburgh team in 1886.
Minor league baseball began in Plattsburgh in 1895, when the Plattsburgh team became members of the Independent Eastern International League. The Plattsburgh team and the league have no official standings as Plattsburgh was managed by Durocher. Plattsburgh played with teams representing Farnham, New York, Hull, Massachusetts, Malone, New York, Montreal, Quebec, St. Albans, Vermont, and St. Hyacinthe, Quebec.
In 1896, the same lineup of Eastern International League teams continued play in the newly named International League. The Plattsburgh team and the league have no official statistics for 1896. Durocher again served as the Plattsburgh manager.
In 1901, Plattsburgh won the championship in the Northern New York League. Plattsburgh began play as members of the four–team Independent Northern New York League, the first of five seasons that Plattsburgh played in the league. Managed by A.E. Reynolds, the Plattsburgh team ended the Northern New York League season with a record of 15–6, finishing first in the league standings. Other league members were Canton, New York (7–13), Malone, New York (15–7), Ogdensburg (4–14) and Potsdam, New York (9–10).
The Northern New York League continued play in 1902, again as a four–team league, receiving Class D status for one season. Reynolds again managed the Plattsburgh team, as the 1902 league standings are unknown. The 1902 Northern New York League members were Malone, Plattsburgh, Potsdam and St. Albans.
The Plattsburgh team was so popular in 1902 and the subsequent seasons, that six trolley cars per hour would travel to Clinton Park, home of the Plattsburgh team. Clinton Park seated 3,000 fans. 25 cents was the cost for a Plattsburgh baseball game ticket and a ride on a trolley car.
Plattsburgh played in the 1903 four–team Independent Northern New York League. There are no known standings. Other league members were Burlington, Vermont, Rutland, Vermont, and St. Albans.
Plattsburgh continued play in the 1904 Northern New York League. Other members were Burlington, Montpelier–Barre (Vermont), Rutland and St. Albans.
Callahan managed the 1905 Plattsburgh team, who played with Burlington, Montpelier–Barre and Rutland in the Independent Northern New York League.
Plattsburgh began the 1906 season in the newly named Independent Northern League. Burlington, Montpelier-Barre and Rutland joined with Ottawa, Ontario, in playing in the 1906 Northern Independent League. Plattsburgh was managed by Billy Lush and folded before the end of the season, as the team had a poor record and attendance was low.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Eddie Collins played for Plattsburgh in 1906. Collins was an area native attending Columbia College in New York City at the time. He lost his senior season of eligibility at Columbia after it was discovered Collins had played as a professional for Plattsburgh. However, the Philadelphia Athletics discovered Collins playing in 1906, and owner/manager Connie Mack signed Collins to a contract. Collins then debuted for the Athletics in 1906.
In 1907, Plattsburgh played in two leagues during the season. Plattsburgh partnered with Laconia, New Hampshire, to field a team together, playing in the 1907 New Hampshire State League, which began play in the season as a Class D league. The Laconia/Plattsburgh Brewers began play in the eight–team league on May 11, 1907, under manager W. Van Duzen. However, the league folded four teams and changed its name to the Vermont State League midway through the season. A meeting was held on June 17, 1907, where the league was restructured. Plattsburgh remained in the Vermont State League, beginning play July 2, 1907.
The standings for the New Hampshire State League reflected four franchises which folded early in the 1907 season. The Brewers finished fourth among the four teams who finished the New Hampshire League portion of the season. The New Hampshire League final standings on June 29, 1907, were Barre-Montpelier Intercities 19–6, Burlington Burlingtons 13–12, West Manchester (New Hampshire) 11–12, Laconia/Plattsburgh Brewers 8–14, East Manchester (New Hampshire) 7–7, Franklin, New Hampshire 5–7, Nashua, New Hampshire 3–3, and Concord, New Hampshire 2–7.
The franchise continued play as the Plattsburgh Brewers in the Independent four–team Vermont State League, beginning July 2, 1907. W. Van Duzen continued as manager. Rutland, Vermont, joined the Barre-Montpelier Intercities, Burlington Burlingtons and Plattsburgh Brewers in Vermont State League play. The Brewers finished fourth with a 5–11 record in the final standings of the 1907 Vermont State League. Plattsburgh finished behind the champion Barre-Montpelier Intercities 12–4, Burlington Burlingtons 6–5 and Rutland 5–8. The league concluded play on July 28, 1907. The league folded following the 1907 season. Plattsburgh has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
Beginning in 1902, Plattsburgh, the Laconia/Plattsburgh Brewers and Plattsburgh Brewers hosted home minor league games at Clinton Park. The ballpark had a capacity of 3,000. The ballpark site today is a field off U.S. Route 9 on the shore of Lake Champlain in Plattsburgh. After minor league baseball left, Clinton Park closed in 1916.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The McAllen Palms were a minor league baseball team based in McAllen, Texas. In 1931, the Palms played as members of the Class D level Rio Grande Valley League, winning the league championship in a shortened season.
History.
The Palms were preceded in minor league play by the 1928 "McAllen" team, which played the season as members of the Class D level Texas Valley League.
The McAllen "Palms" began play in 1931. The four–team, Class D level Rio Grande Valley League began the season with the Corpus Christi Seahawks, Harlingen Ladds and San Benito Saints joining McAllen in beginning league play on April 22, 1931. On June 4, 1931, Corpus Christi moved to become the La Feria Nighthawks.
The "Palms" nickname corresponds to local agriculture in the era. Palm trees became prevalent in the area and were harvested. McAllen is nicknamed as "The City of Palms."
During its first season of league play, the Rio Grande Valley League folded on July 30, 1931, with the Palms in first place. Despite folding, the league held finals that featured McAllen vs. La Feria. The Palms were in first place overall when the league folded, finishing the 1931 overall regular season with a record of 55–37, playing under manager Tex Covington. McAllen won the first-half pennant and finished 7.5 games ahead of the Seahawks/Nighthawks in the final overall standings. The Palms played La Feria in a playoff, after the Nighthawks won the second–half title in the split–schedule season. In the 1931 finals, the McAllen Palms swept La Feria in three games.
Harry Bonds of McAllen led the Rio Grande Valley League with eight home runs, while teammate Frank Denson led the league with 70 stolen bases, 109 total hits and 99 runs scored. Palms pitcher Horace Hardy led the league with an 11–3 record.
Following the 1931 season, the Rio Grande Valley League did not return to play in 1932. McAllen next hosted the 1938 McAllen Packers, who played as members of the Class D level Texas Valley League, which reformed after a nine–season hiatus.
The ballpark.
The name of the home ballpark for 1931 McAllen Palms minor league games is unknown.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Brookhaven Truckers were a minor league baseball team based in Brookhaven, Mississippi. After the Brookhaven team played as a member of the 1904 Class D level Delta League, the Truckers were a member of the Class D level Cotton States League in 1924 and 1925, hosting home games at the High School Park.
History.
1904: Delta League.
Brookhaven, Mississippi first hosted minor league baseball in 1904. The Brookhaven team played as charter members of the Class D level Delta League. The Canton, Clarksdale, Hattiesburg, Jackson Senators and Yazoo City Zoos teams joined Brookhaven in beginning play on May 9, 1904.
With a record of 27–70, Brookhaven finished the 1904 season in last place in the six–team league. Brookhaven finished 39.5 games behind the first place Clarksdale team, placing sixth in the final Delta League standings. The Delta League permanently folded after one season of play.
1925 & 1925: Cotton States League.
Brookhaven, Mississippi next hosted minor league baseball in 1924, when the Brookhaven "Truckers" became members of the six–team Class D level Cotton States League. The Hattiesburg Hubmen, Jackson Senators, Laurel Lumberjacks, Monroe Drillers and Vicksburg Hill Billies joined Brookhaven in beginning league play on May 8, 1924.
The Brookhaven Truckers ended the 1924 Cotton States League season schedule with an overall record of 43–50, placing fourth in the final regular season standings. Managed by Sammy Vick, Brookhaven finished 19.0 games behind the first place Hattiesburg Hubmen in the final standings. Hattiesburg won both half–seasons of league play, so no playoffs were held. Brookhaven player/manager Sammy Vick led the Cotton States League with 16 home runs.
The Truckers played their final season in 1925. The 1925 Cotton States League expanded to eight teams, adding the Alexandria Reds and Meridian Mets franchises. Led by managers Tom Toland and Tex Covington, the 1925 Brookhaven Truckers placed seventh in the Cotton States League final standings. The Truckers had a regular season record of 56–69 and finished 15.5 games behind the first place[Meridian Mets in the eight–team league. Brookhaven did not qualify for the Cotton States League playoffs, won by the Jackson Red Sox.
Following the 1925 season, the Brookhaven franchise moved to become the Gulfport Tarpons. Reportedly, a group of local Gulfport businessmen bought the Cotton States League's Brookhaven Truckers franchise and moved the team to Gulfport, Mississippi for the 1926 season.
Brookhaven, Mississippi has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballparks.
The Bookhaven Truckers played home minor league games at the High School Park. Today, Brookhaven High School is located at 443 East Monticello Street, Brookhaven, Mississippi.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Sandusky Sailors were a minor league baseball team based in Sandusky, Ohio. In 1937 and 1938, the Sailors played as exclusively as members of the Class D level Ohio State League, before the franchise relocated to become the Marion Presidents during the 1938 season. Sandusky hosted minor league home games at Medusa Park.
History.
Minor league baseball began in Sandusky in 1887, when the Sandusky Suds played the season as members of the original Ohio State League, finishing in fourth place. The "Sailors" were preceded in minor league play by the 1893 Sandusky "Sandies" who played the season as members of the independent Ohio-Michigan League.
After a four decade hiatus from hosting minor league baseball, the 1936 Sandusky Sailors were formed and began play as members of the six–team Class D level Ohio State League. Joining Sandusky in the six–team Ohio State League in 1936 were the Fostoria Cardinals, Fremont Reds, Mansfield Tigers, New Philadelphia Red Birds and Tiffin Mud Hens teams, with the league beginning play on May 14, 1936.
The "Sailors" nickname corresponds to local history and geography. Sandusky is located on the Sandusky Bay and Lake Erie and has long been home to sailing. The Old Soldiers and Sailors Home was founded in Sandusky in 1886. Today, the Sandusky Sailing Club continues operation and memberships.
Beginning play in the 1936 Ohio State League, the Sailors finished in second place. Sandusky ended the season with a record of 51–47, playing the season under player/manager Chappie Geygan. The Sailors finished 10.5 games behind the first place Tiffin Mud Hens in the final Ohio State League regular season standings. During the season, the Mansfield and New Philadelphia franchises disbanded. No playoffs were held as Tiffin won both halves of the split–season schedule.
The 1937 Sandusky Sailors continued Ohio State League play, before relocating during the season. On June 22, 1937, the Sailors had a record of 15–7, when the franchise relocated during the season to Marion, Ohio, becoming the Marion Presidents. Under returning manager Chappie Geygan, the 1937 Sandusky/Marion team placed second in the six–team league. With a 61–30 record, the team finished 2.0 games behind the first place Mansfield Red Sox in the final regular season standings. Pitchers Gordon Mann and Marion Spence tied for the Ohio State League with 18 victories and player/manager Chappie Geygan had a league leading 91 RBI for the Sailors/Presidents. Sandusky/Marion qualified for the playoffs, where the Findlay Browns swept the series in two games.
Marion did not return to play in the 1938 Ohio State League and Sandusky has not hosted another minor league team. In 2021, the Sandusky Ice Haulers began play as members of the Great Lakes Summer Collegiate League, a collegiate summer baseball league.
The ballpark.
The Sandusky Sailors hosted minor league home games at Medusa Park in Sandusky. The ballpark had a capacity of 1,500 and field dimensions of (left, center, right): 325–420–325. The Medusa Portland Cement Company was based in Sandusky and was a major employer in the era. The ballpark was formerly known as Esmond Athletic Field, with a large Esmond Dairy sign painted on the wall of the grandstand. The ballpark was reconstructed with new grandstands and lighting for the Sailors in 1936. The grandstands were later torn down in the 1940s. The ballpark was located on South Columbus Avenue in Sandusky.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Hot Springs team was a minor league baseball team based in Hot Springs, South Dakota. In 1891 and 1892, the Hot Springs team was without a known moniker and played two seasons as members of the Independent level Black Hills League.
History.
In 1891, the Hot Springs team became charter members when the Black Hills League began minor league play as a four–team Independent league, with franchises based in both Nebraska and South Dakota. The other 1891 Black Hills League charter franchises were the teams from Chadron, Nebraska, Deadwood, South Dakota (Deadwood Metropolitans) and Lead City Grays. The 1891 team records and Black Hills League standings are unknown.
The Hot Springs team continued play as same four teams returned to play in the 1892 season. The 1892 season was the final season for the minor league Black Hills League. The 1892 league remained an Independent League and the circuit permanently folded following the 1892 season. Hot Springs and the other host cities have not hosted minor league baseball since the Black Hills League folded. Lew Camp played for Hot Springs in 1892.
The overall team records, standings and statistics from the 1891 and 1892 Black Hills League seasons are unknown.
The ballpark.
The exact name and location of the Hot Springs home ballpark in Hot Springs, South Dakota is unknown.
Year-by-year standings.
The team records and standings from the 1891 and 1892 Black Hill League seasons are unknown.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Camden team was a minor league baseball team based in Camden, Delaware. In 1889, the Camden team was a member of the Independent level Delaware State League, finishing in fourth place in a shortened season. The Camden team played without a known nickname, as was common in the era.
History.
The Camden team was a charter member when the 1889 Delaware State League began minor league play as an Independent five–team league. The Delaware State League was formed with the Delaware teams of Dover, Milford, Smyrna and Wilmington Peach Growers teams joining Camden as charter members.
Evolving from local semi–professional baseball, the Delaware State League structure allowed each team to pay eight players and the league had no residency requirements. The league began play with controversy over Dover’s signing of Bill Higgins, who had played in 14 major league games for the Boston Beaneaters the previous season. Smyrna claimed they had also signed Higgins. Dover threatened to fold their franchise over the dispute and review of the situation was resolved in favor of Dover.
The Delaware State League began play on July 8, 1889, as a crowd of 600 was on hand to see Dover defeat Wilmington in the league opener. Camden began play under manager J.R. Richardson.
After beginning play two weeks earlier, the Delaware State League permanently folded on July 25, 1889. The league's demise began when the Smyrna franchise reportedly couldn’t compete with other teams in player salaries and folded, with the team in last place. Within two weeks of Smyrna folding, the entire league folded. Camden had a 3–6 record when the league permanently folded. The league records and standings on the folding date of July 25, 1889, were: Dover (8–2), Milford (6–5), Wilmington (5–4) Camden (3–6) and Smyrna (1–6). Camden finished 4.5 games behind first place Dover in the final league standings.
Camden, Delaware has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The name of the 1889 Camden minor league home ballpark is unknown.
References.
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18152109 | American baseball player (1898–1973)
Jesse Peter Fowler (October 30, 1898 – September 23, 1973), nicknamed "Pete", was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1924. The 25-year-old rookie left-hander was a native of Spartanburg, South Carolina.
Fowler made his major league debut in relief on July 29, 1924, against the New York Giants at the Polo Grounds. His first and only big league win, also in relief, was against the Philadelphia Phillies at Sportsman's Park. The score was 13–10 in game 2 of a doubleheader played August 20, 1924.
Season and career totals include a record of 1–1 in 13 games pitched, 3 games started, 0 complete games, and 6 games finished. In 32.2 innings pitched he struck out 5, walked 18, allowed 28 hits, and had an earned run average of 4.41.
Fowler died at the age of 74 in Columbia, South Carolina.
Despite an age difference of more than 23 years, Jesse was the older brother of former major league pitcher and pitching coach Art Fowler, and the Fowlers hold the record for the largest age difference between brothers who played Major League baseball. | 637 | [
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] |
18152109 | The Southern Michigan League was a Minor League Baseball circuit which operated between 1906 and 1912. It was classified as a Class D league from 1906 to 1910 and as a Class C league from 1911 to 1912. After that, the league was known as the Southern Michigan Association between 1913 and 1915.
The Southern Michigan Association held a Class D status in 1913 and was given Class C recognition in 1914 and 1915. The Association closed up after the 1915 season.
Standings & statistics.
1906 to 1910.
1906 Southern Michigan League
Saginaw began play July 18. It was awarded a record of 15-20 when added. The Battle Creek record of 4-38 was expunged on July 21 and the reorganized team was awarded a record of 15-20 on July 22. The official standings were unequal due to the adjusted won-lost records.
1907 Southern Michigan League
Jackson folded July 15.
1908 Southern Michigan League - schedule
1909 Southern Michigan League
1910 Southern Michigan League - schedule
Playoff: Kalamazoo 4 games, Lansing 2.
1911 to 1912.
1911 Southern Michigan Association - schedule ;br ;
1912 Southern Michigan League - schedule
Bay City and Saginaw disbanded July 13.
1913 to 1915.
1913 Southern Michigan Association
1914 Southern Michigan Association - schedule
Lansing (33-35) moved to Mt. Clemens July 10.Playoff: Saginaw 4 games, Bay City 1.
1915 Southern Michigan Association - schedule
The league disbanded July 7.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Oakland Emery Arms were a minor league baseball team based in Oakland, California. In 1910 and 1911, Oakland teams played as members of the Class D level Central California League. The 1910 "Oakland Basches" preceded the Emery Arms and played a partial season in the league.
The Oakland teams hosted home Central California League home games at Dover Street Park, which is still in use as a public park.
History.
Before Oakland joined the Central California League, the 1909 Oakland Invaders played as members of the California State League, winning the 1909 league championship.
The 1910 Oakland "Basches" began minor league play in the Class D level Central California League during the season. The league franchises were unstable during two seasons of play, with Oakland being no exception. The league began play its first season of play on April 17, 1910, with the schedule ending on November 6, 1910. Eight teams started 1910 league play, with seven of the eight teams moving during the season. Three teams moved twice or more, while three teams disbanded. In all, 15 different sites were used in the 1910 season, with two cities hosting two different Central California League teams.
The eventual Oakland franchise played in four cities during the 1910 season. On May 5, 1910, the Santa Rosa Fruit Pickers began the mobility, when the team moved to Alameda, playing as the Alameda Brackets. On July 10, 1910, Alameda moved to Oakland, where the franchise played as the Oakland Basches. Finally, Oakland moved to Berkley on July 31, 1910.
When the Central California League ended their season on November 6, 1910, the Santa Rosa Prune Pickers/Alameda Bracketts/Oakland Basches/Berkeley team was in fourth place. The team ended the Central California League regular season with a record of 14–15, finishing 4.5 games behind the first place Richmond Merchants, as William Bailey and T. Walker served as managers.
The 1911 Oakland "Emery Arms" continued Central California League play after the team was established during the season. On June 4, 1911, the Elmhurst Carroll & Tilden team moved to Oakland. The team then folded in Oakland on June 18, 1910. When the league folded, Oakland had already ended their 1911 season with a record of 4–7, playing under manager George Worthington. After beginning play on April 9, 1911, the Central California League permanently folded on July 9, 1911, with Oakland credited with a sixth place finish. Oakland finished 5.0 games behind the first place San Leandro Cherry Pickers.
The Oakland Oaks of the Class A level Pacific Coast League also played in the 1910 and 1911 seasons. The Oaks played at Freeman's Park.
The ballpark.
The Oakland teams hosted 1910 and 1911 home minor league games at Dover Street Park. The ballpark had a capacity of 3,500 with a grandstand. In the era, Dover Street Park was located at Dover Street and Aileen Street in Oakland. Dover Street Park is still in use today as a public park. It is located at 5707 Dover Street in Oakland, California.
References.
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18152109 | American minor league baseball league
The Nebraska State League (NSL) was an American professional minor league baseball league with five incarnations between 1892 and 1959. The Nebraska State League formed five times: in 1892, from 1910 to 1915, from 1922 to 1923, from 1928 to 1938 and from 1956 to 1959. League teams were based in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska and South Dakota. The 1892 league was a Class B level league, and the league was a Class D level league in all subsequent seasons.
History.
Early seasons.
The charter 1892 teams were the Beatrice Indians, Fremont, Grand Island Sugar Citys, Hastings, Lincoln Giants/Kearney and Plattsmouth. The league played just one season as a Class B level league before disbanding.
In 1889, a touring African-American baseball team called the "Lafayettes" was formed in Nebraska. In 1890, William Pope formed the Lincoln Giants. Pope had signed the best of the Lafayette players and the team subsequently folded. In 1892, the Lincoln Giants sought to join the Nebraska State League. Those against allowing black players in the league caused the Lincoln Giants to fold, with many of their players picked up by the other Nebraska State League teams.
The Nebraska State League in 1892 was racially integrated. Baseball Hall of Fame member Bud Fowler played for Kearney and was elected captain of the team. John W. Patterson, John Reeves, Frank Maupin, A.S. Kennedy, William Myers and F. Long played for Plattsmouth. George Taylor, played for Beatrice. The 1892 Nebraska State League was classified as a Class B level league and folded after the 1892 season.
The Nebraska State League reformed in 1910 as an eight–team Class D level league. The Columbus Discoverers, Fremont Pathfinders, Grand Island Collegians, Hastings Brickmakers, Kearney Kapitalists, Red Cloud, Seward Statesmen and Superior Brickmakers were the member franchises as the league resumed play.
In 1915, the Nebraska State League ran into financial difficulties as franchises struggled to remain solvent. Both Columbus and Kearney disbanded on June 4, 1915. After Grand Island withdrew June 28 and Norfolk disbanded June 29, the league folded on June 29, 1915. Kearney began the season 2,000 in debt and sold season tickets to eliminate the debt, but with 2,000 season tickets sold, the gameday gate money was minimal and the franchise was also affected by the city becoming "dry" and became unable to make its financial obligations to visiting teams. Kearney had logistical issuer as visiting teams were reluctant travel to Norfolk, as the train fares for the trip were expensive. Norfolk had agreed to pay extra to visiting clubs to make up the difference in train fares. Grand Island manager Harry Claire and player Crosby were given suspensions for the rest of the year due to gambling accusations and the team was also fined. The Grand Island franchise folded instead of paying the fines.
After folding following the 1915 season, the Nebraska State League reformed and played the 1922 and 1923 seasons with the Beatrice Blues, Fairbury Jeffersons, Grand Island Champions, Hastings Cubs, Lincoln Links and Norfolk Elk Horns as members of the six–team Class D level league. The league evolved into the 1924 Tri-State League.
In 1928, the Nebraska State League resumed play as an eight–team Class D level league. The Beatrice Blues, Fairbury Jeffersons, Grand Island Champs, Lincoln Links, McCook Generals, Norfolk Elks, North Platte Buffaloes and York Dukes were the 1928 league members. The league would play continually through the 1938 season.
1956 to 1959 seasons.
The Nebraska State League formed for the final time in 1956. The league teams were all major league affiliates, as the Class D level eight–team league resumed play. The league members all took the monikers of their affiliate, as the Grand Island A's, Hastings Giants, Holdrege White Sox, Kearney Yankees, Lexington Red Sox, McCook Braves, North Platte Indians and Superior Senators were the 1956 franchises.
Originally 12 cities had showed interest in hosting a team in the 1956 Nebraska State League. Thie interest occurred after the eight major league teams had agreed to affiliate with the league. The Nebraska cities of Ogallala, Alma, Broken Bow and Norton, Kansas, were not granted franchises.
The 1956 league schedule was designed to start on July 1 and end on Labor Day. The league structure began when representatives of the league held a meeting in Kearney, Nebraska, at the Fort Kearney Hotel in early June. The 1956 schedule was created by Harold George, secretary of the league. George was formerly an executive in the Western League. Mike Hollinger, a former manager of the semi–pro Kearney Irishmen team was named president of the League. Hollinger operated a bowling alley in Kearney.
In structuring the 1956 league, revenue and expenses were divided between Major League Baseball, the individual Major League parent clubs and each of the league franchises. League franchises committed to selling at least $5,000 in tickets and 500 season tickets before the season started. Kearney sold 760 season ticket books, McCook followed with 741. Holdrege sold 690, North Platte 673, Lexington 665, Grand Island 656, Hastings 632 and Superior 559. The league was owned by Major League Baseball. Season tickets were sold for $10.00 each. The revenue from the first 500 tickets per franchise went to the Nebraska State League ($5,000 per team). 25% of each season ticket went to the hosting team. Concessions were split evenly between the hosting team and the league. Each team city supplied a lighted home ballpark park and a groundskeeper. The official score keeper for each game was paid $2.50. Player and manager salaries and travel costs were handled by the parent major league affiliate, with Yellow Diamond and Continental Motor lines were hired as vendors to provide bus services. Players were allotted $2.25 per day for meal money. The league selected the Rawlings baseball as the official ball for the league, with the Major League affiliates providing balls. KGFW radio in Kearney paid $500.00 for radio rights to all Kearney games.
The last Nebraska State League of 1956–1959 was stable largely because its clubs were farm teams for the major leagues. Its final season has become well known through the book "A False Spring" by Pat Jordan, who played in the league for McCook.
The Nebraska State League was a Class B level league in the 1892 season and afterwards was exclusively a Class D level league.
Cities represented.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
Standings & statistics.
1892.
1892 Nebraska State League
League disbanded in July.
1910 to 1915.
1910 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled
1911 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled
1912 Nebraska State League
A Kearney win over Hastings was reversed at the 1913 spring meeting, giving Hastings the championship.Playoffs: None Scheduled
1913 Nebraska State League
Seward (27–37) moved to Beatrice July 21.Playoffs: None Scheduled
1914 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled
1915 Nebraska State League
Columbus and Kearney disbanded June 4; Grand Island and Norfolk disbanded June 28.The league folded July 18.
1922 to 1923.
1922 Nebraska State League
Playoff: Fairbury 4 games, Norfolk 3.
1923 Nebraska State League
Playoff: No Playoffs Scheduled
1928 to 1938.
1928 Nebraska State League
Playoff: No Playoffs Scheduled
1929 Nebraska State League
Playoff: No Playoffs Scheduled
1930 Nebraska State League
Norton suspended operations August 25; final seven games were forfeited to scheduled opponents.Playoffs: None Scheduled.
1931 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: Grand Island 4 games, North Platte 1.
1932 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: Beatrice 2 games, Lincoln 1. Finals: Beatrice 4 games, Norfolk 3.
1933 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: Beatrice 5 games, Norfolk 4.
1934 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled
1935 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: Norfolk 4 games, Sioux Falls 3.
1936 Nebraska State League
Lincoln and Fairbury disbanded July 16.Playoffs: Sioux Falls 3 games, Beatrice 2: Mitchell 3 games, Norfolk 1. Finals: Mitchell 4 games, Sioux Falls 2.
1937 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled.
1938 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: Norfolk 4 games, Sioux City 2.
1956 to 1959.
1956 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled.
1957 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled.
1958 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled.
1959 Nebraska State League
Playoffs: None Scheduled.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The San Leandro Cherry Pickers were a minor league baseball team based in San Leandro, California. In 1910 and 1911, San Leandro teams played as members of the Class D level Central California League, with the Cherry Pickers winning the 1911 championship, as the league permanently folded during the season. The 1910 "San Leandro Grapevines" played a partial season, when the Healdsburg team relocated to San Leandro. Pop Wieland managed the team in both seasons. San Leandro hosted minor league home games at San Leandro Park
History.
In 1909, San Leandro hosted a semi–professional team, playing in the Transbay League.
The 1910 San Leandro "Grapevines" began minor league play in the Class D level Central California League during the season. On April 24, 1910, Healdsburg moved to San Leandro, a week after the league began play on April 17, 1910.
When the Central California League ended their season on November 6, 1910, the Healdsburg/San Leandro Grapevines were in second place. The Grapevines ended the Central California League regular season with a record of 17–11, finishing 1.0 game behind the first place Richmond Merchants, as Pop Wieland served as manager.
With Pop Wieland returning as manager, the 1911 San Leandro "Cherry Pickers" continued Central California League play and won a championship in a shortened season. When the league folded, San Leandro ended their 1911 season with a record of 10–3, while in first place in the final standings. After beginning play on April 9, 1911, the Central California League permanently folded on July 9, 1911, with the Cherry Pickers 2.0 games ahead of the second place Alameda Alerts.
The Central California League did not return to play in 1912. San Leandro has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The San Leandro teams hosted 1910 and 1911 home minor league games at San Leandro Park. The ballpark was located at Martinez Street & Estudillo Street. Today, there is a plaque marking the location, with the inscription indicating the ballpark was built in 1909.
References.
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455,
602,
403,
222,
110,
651,
128,
171,
522,
196,
204,
41,
517
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;The Saint Joseph Saints was a primary name of the minor league baseball team that was based in St. Joseph, Missouri during various seasons between 1886 and 1953. Baseball Hall of Fame inductees Dizzy Dean and Earl Weaver played for St. Joseph teams.
History.
St. Joseph was a member of the Western Association (1889, 1893-1897, 1906, 1927, 1939-1941, 1946-1951, 1953-1954) and Western League (1886-1887, 1898, 1900-1905, 1910–1926, 1930-1935), They were an affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals (1930, 1946-1951, 1953), the Chicago Cubs (1939-1940), St. Louis Browns (1941) and the New York Yankees (1954).
They won six championships. They won three straight league championships, from 1933 to 1935 and again in 1940, 1947 and 1948. Their first came under manager Dutch Zwilling. Their second Wes Griffin and Earle Brucker, and their third under Earle Brucker. They won the fourth league championship in 1940 under Keith Frazier the last two under Robert Stanton and Harold Olt.
In 1939, Dizzy Dean debuted his professional career with St. Joseph, going 17-8 in 32 games with a 3.69 ERA.
The 1941 team moved to Carthage, Missouri on June 3, 1941.
The ballpark.
Later St. Joseph teams played at Phil Welch Stadium beginning in 1939. The stadium is still in use today had been home to the St. Joseph Mustangs, a collegiate summer baseball league team in the MINK League since 2009. The address is 2600 Southwest Parkway, St. Joseph, 64503.
Notable St. Joseph alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Local history of Minor League Baseball
Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
Minor league baseball teams were based in Frankfort, Kentucky in various seasons between 1885 and 1916. Frankfort teams played as members of the Interstate League in 1885, the Blue Grass League from 1908 to 1912 and Ohio State League in 1915 and 1916. Frankfort won Blue Grass League championships in 1908 and 1912.
History.
Frankfort began hosting minor league baseball play in 1885, when the Frankfort team played as members of the six–team Interstate League. Shenkel was the Frankfort manager. The 1885 standings are unknown.
In 1908, the "Frankfort Statesmen" became charter members of the Class D level Blue Grass League and won the league championship. Frankfort finished the regular season in first with a record of 47–23, playing under manager Neal Kennedy. The league had no playoffs and Frankfort finished 9.0 games ahead of the 2nd place Lexington Colts in the six–team league. The charter teams were Frankfort (47–23), Lawrenceburg Distllers (33–35), Lexington Colts (37–31), Richmond Pioneers (36–34), Shelbyville Millers (32–37) and Versailles Aristocrats/Winchester Reds (22–47). The Frankfort team was also known as the "Lawmakers" in some references. Both monikers reflect Frankford as the State Capitol of the state of Kentucky.
Continuing play in the 1909 Blue Grass League, the Frankfort Statesmen ended the season in fourth place. Frankfort had a final record of 56–60, finishing 17.5 games behind the first place Winchester Hustlers, playing under managers Neal Kennedy and Ben Marshall.
The 1910 season saw the team finish in fifth place in the Class D level Blue Grass League. The Frankfort Statesmen finished with a 60–61 record and were 17.0 games behind the first place Paris Bourbonites. Wallace Warren and Danny Harrell managed the 1910 Frankfort Statesmen.
In the 1911 Blue Grass League season the Frankfort Statesmen finished with a record of 48–65 The team placed fifth and finished 22.0 games behind the first place Paris Bourbonites under manager Ed Coleman. Frankfort's Ovid Nicholson stole 111 bases and scored 128 runs. The next stolen base league leader had 54. Nicholson was called up by the Pittsburgh Pirates after the conclusion of the Frankfort season.
The 1912 Frankfort Lawmakers won the Blue Grass League championship in the final season of the league. With a 85–42 record under manager Ollie Gfroerer in the final standings, Frankfort finished in first place. Following Frankfort were the Lexington Colts (60–65), Maysville Rivermen (82–47), Paris Bourbonites (60–69), Richmond Pioneers (66–64) and Mt. Sterling Orphans (31–97). The Blue Grass League folded following the 1912 season and Frankfort was unable to defend their championship.
Frankfort resumed minor league play in 1915. Frankfort became members of the Class D level Ohio State League. The Frankfort Old Taylors began play in the six–team league and finished the 1915 season in fourth place with a 45–65 record. The Old Taylors finished 24.5 behind the first place Portsmouth Cobblers, while playing under managers Pat Bohannon and Jack Hayden.
The "Old Taylors" moniker was in reference to local industry, as Frankfort was home to the Buffalo Trace Distillery, makers of Old Taylor Bourbon. The 1916 Ohio State League members were the Charleston Senators (58–63), Chillicothe Babes/Huntington/Maysville Angels (58–55), Frankfort Old Taylors (45–65), Ironton Nailers (47–69), Lexington Colts (63–48 )and Portsmouth Cobblers (71–42).
In their final season of play, the 1916 Frankfort Old Taylors folded during the season. On July 6, 1916, Frankfort folded with a 24–35 record under manager James "Ducky" Holmes. The Ohio State League permanently folded on July 16, 1916.
Frankfort, Kentucky has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The name of the Frankfort teams' home ballpark are not known. The campus of Kentucky State University at Alumni Field and State Stadium were venues in use in the era.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Omaha Packers were a minor league baseball team based in Omaha, Nebraska. Between 1879 and 1935, Omaha minor league teams had a long tenure as members of the Western League and Western Association, winning five league championships. Omaha teams played under numerous other nicknames prior to the becoming the "Packers" in 1930.
Baseball Hall of Fame members Mordecai Brown (1902), Joe Kelley (1892), Heinie Manush (1922), Kid Nichols (1889) and Frank Selee (1888-1889, MGR) were all members of Omaha teams.
After a partial season in 1936, the Omaha Packers were succeeded in the Western League by the Omaha Cardinals in 1947. The Western League franchise helped set the foundation for today's Class AAA Omaha Storm Chasers.
History.
Minor league baseball first came to Omaha, Nebraska, in 1879, as the Omaha Green Stockings, played as members of the Northwestern League, where all the other members had "stockings" monikers. The 1879 Mashers/Green Stockings finished with a 5–13 record playing alongside the Davenport Brown Stockings, Dubuque Red Stockings and Rockford White Stockings in the four–team league.
In 1885, the Omaha Omahogs became founding members of the early Western League. The Omaha Omahogs played as members of the Western League in 1887, 1892, 1898 and 1900–1901. The 1885 inaugural Western League season featured the Omahogs and the Cleveland Forest Citys, Indianapolis Hoosiers, Kansas City Blues, Milwaukee Milwaukees and Toledo Avengers. Omaha gained a franchise in the new league after St. Paul, Minnesota, withdrew their proposed team due to financial difficulties. Omaha folded after starting the season with a record of 4–24. Omaha was replaced by the Keokuk Hawkeyes on June 6, 1885. The league itself folded on June 15, 1885.
The Omaha Omahogs were members of the Western Association in 1888–1890 and 1894–1895, before rejoining the reformed Western League both times. The 1888 Omahogs were a charter member of the Western Association, along with the Chicago Maroons, Davenport Onion Weeders, Des Moines Prohibitionists, Kansas City Blues, Milwaukee Brewers, Minneapolis Millers, St. Louis Whites, St. Paul Apostles and Sioux City Cornhuskers in the ten–team league. The 1889 Omaha Omahogs finished with a record of 83–38 to capture the Western Association Championship behind Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Kid Nichols and with Baseball Hall of Fame manager Frank Selee. The 1891 Western Association team was named the Omaha Lambs for just one season, finishing 51–39 to place 3rd in 1891. Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Joe Kelley hit .316 for the Omaha Omahogs in 1892, at age 20.
The 1895 Omaha Omahogs moved to Denver, Colorado, during the Western Association season on July 22, 1895, before the team folded on August 22, 1895.
In 1898, the Omaha Omahogs rejoined the Western League under Hall of Fame league President Ban Johnson and were 22–39 when the franchise relocated to become the St. Joseph Saints on July 6, 1898.
In 1900, now owned by Manager Pa Rourke, the Omaha Omahogs rejoined the Western League. Omaha remained as members for the next 35 seasons of the Western League. The Omahogs finished 4th in 1900 and 5th in 1901.
The Omaha Indians (1902–1903) finished 84–56 (.600) in 1902, just percentage points behind the Kansas City Blue Stockings (82–54 .603) for the Western League Championship. Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Mordecai Brown pitched for the Omaha Indians in 1902, winning 27 games. The Indians finished last with a 49–79 record in 1903.
The 1904 Omaha Rangers finished with a record of 90–60 to capture the 1904 Western League Championship under Manager Pa Rourke. The team was led by Jack Pfiester and Del Howard.
After the success of 1904 under owner/manager Billy "Pa" Rourke, the renamed Omaha Rourkes played in the Western League from 1905 to 1920. Rourke managed the Omaha in 1898, 1900–1910, 1912–1915 and 1917. The 1907 Omaha Rourkes finished 84–63 to win the 1907 Western League Championship. In Pa Rourke's last season as Manager, Omaha finished 92–57 to capture the 1917 Western League Championship.
The franchise became the Omaha Buffaloes (1921–1927), after owner Pa Rourke sold the team to new owner/manager Barney Burch. In 1921, Jack Lelivelt hit. 416 for the Buffaloes to lead the Western League. Baseball Hall of Fame player Heinie Manush hit .376 with 20 home runs for the Omaha Buffaloes in 1922. Omaha finished 1921 95–73 (2nd), 1922 91–77 (4th) and 1923 92–74 (4th) before the 1924 Omaha Buffaloes finished 103–61 and captured the 1924 Western League Championship under Manager Art Griggs.
Remaining in the Western League, the franchise played as the Omaha Crickets in 1928–1929. The Crickets finished 71–86 (6th) in 1928 and 81–75 (3rd) in 1929.
As the Omaha "Packers" (1930–1935), Omaha continued play in the Western League. The Omaha Packers finished 2nd in 1930, with a 76–66 record. Omaha then finished last in the eight–team league in 1931 (49–97) and 1932 (48–88). The Packers finished 63–61 (5th) in 1933 and 49–79 (7th) in 1934. The 1935 Omaha Packers were 22–15, when Omaha moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, on June 25, 1935, to become the Council Bluffs Rails. The team disbanded on July 27, 1935, with a 33–31 overall record.
Omaha regained a franchise, when the Omaha Robin Hoods rejoined the Western League in 1936. The new owners were the Fontenelle Brewery, makers of a beer labeled "Robin Hood". The Omaha Robin Hoods were forced to play some early games in Lincoln, Nebraska, due to weather. Then a fire destroyed the Omaha ballpark in the early morning hours of August 14, 1936. Omaha, at 56–44, was forced to move to Rock Island, Illinois, where the team finished the 1936 season as the Rock Island Islanders.
After the 1936 season, Omaha remained without a minor league team until the Omaha Cardinals rejoined the Western League in 1947.
The ballparks.
From 1885 through 1898, the various short-lived Omaha teams played their home games at several locations on the north side of Omaha. According to newspaper writeups in the Omaha "Bee" and other local sources, supplemented by Sanborn maps in some years, the early ballparks of the various clubs were:
After those various false starts in the 19th century, Omaha professional baseball moved to the south side and finally found some success. From 1900 to 1936, Omaha played home games at the Omaha Baseball Park. The ballpark was also known as Rourke's Park from 1911 to 1934 and Vinton Street Park from 1935 to 1936. The park was sometimes called Western League Park as well, or just League Park. The ballpark had a capacity of 10,000 (1920), 8,500 (1931) and 6,000 (1936), with dimensions (Left, Center, Right) of 320-368-298 (1936). Fans entered at entry gates on 15th Street and Vinton Street. In 1927, Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig played in an exhibition game at Rourke Park that drew thousands. The ballpark was bounded by South 15th Street (west, third base); Vinton Street (south, first base); buildings and Castelar Street (north, left field); and buildings and South 13th Street (east, right field). City directories give the address as 2519 South 15th Street. The Vinton Street Park was destroyed by fire in August 1936, forcing Omaha to move to Rock Island, Illinois, and finish the season as the Rock Island Rocks. The site is now a residential area.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Mexia Gassers were a minor league baseball franchise based in Mexia, Texas. From 1915 to 1917, the Gassers played exclusively as members of the Class D level Central Texas League. The Gassers played the final three seasons of the Central Texas League before the league permanently folded, winning the league championship in the shortened 1917 season. The 1922 Mexia Gushers followed the Gassers in minor league play.
History.
Minor league baseball began in Mexia, Texas in 1915, when the "Gassers" began play as members of the six–team Class D level Central Texas League. Mexia joined the Corsicana A's, Ennis Tigers, Kaufman Kings, Terrell Cubs and Waxahachie Athletics in league play.
The "Gassers" moniker corresponded to the Mexia Gas and Oil Company discovering natural gas in the era.
Beginning league play on May 17, 1915, the Mexia Gassers finished their first season of play in fifth place, as the 1915 Central Texas League folded during the season. The league also folded during the next two seasons. The league folded for the season on July 24, 1915. With a 28–33 record, playing under manager Roy Akin, Mexia finished 7.0 games behind the first place Ennis Tigers in the final standings.
In their second season of play, the 1916 Mexia Gassers continued Central Texas League play. The Gassers ended a shortened Central Texas League season in third place in the six–team league. The league began play on April 28, 1916 and folded on July 24, 1916. Playing under manager Roy Akin, the Gassers had a record of 32–29 when the league folded, finishing 4.0 games behind the first place Temple Governors.
The 1917 Mexia Gassers folded along with the four–team league during the season. After beginning play on May 21, 1917, the Central Texas League folded on June 6, 1917. At the time the league folded, Mexia was in first place with a record of 8–6, playing under manager Roy Akin. The Gassers finished the shortened season 0.5 games ahead of the second place Ennis Tigers.
Mexia next hosted minor league baseball when the 1922 Mexia Gushers continued minor league play as members of the Texas-Oklahoma League, playing under returning manager Roy Akin.
The ballpark.
The Mexia Gassers played home minor league games at Gusher Park. The ballpark was located at East Tyler & South Bonham Street. Today, the site is called Hughes City Park and contains a ballpark and other public amenities.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Andalusia Rams (also known as the Bulldogs) was a minor league baseball team based in Andalusia, Alabama, USA that played from 1937 to 1941. They played in the Alabama–Florida League from 1937 to 1939 and the Alabama State League. Brief Major league baseball players Royce Lint, Yam Yaryan and Howie Gorman played for them, along with All-Star pitcher Virgil Trucks .
After World War II, the Andalusia Arrows joined the Alabama State League and played through 1954.
In 1962, the Los Angeles Dodgers moved the Panama City Fliers to Andalusia, where they played as the Andalusia Dodgers until they moved to Ozark, Alabama on July 10.
The ballparks.
Andalusia teams played their home games at Andalusia Municipal Stadium (1947–1954, 1962), Channell-Lee Park (1954), Fairgrounds Park (1937–1941) and Elementary School Park (1936).
References.
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] |
18152109 | The Sooner State League was a Class D level minor league baseball league that operated from 1947 through 1957. The league owners kept it alive in 1958, anticipating a return to play in 1959. However, when only Ardmore and Paris, Texas, were able to secure working agreements, the league folded on February 12, 1959. It was the last Class D league west of the Mississippi River. The league franchises were based in Oklahoma and Texas.
Standings & statistics.
1947 to 1952.
Playoffs: Ardmore 3 games, Lawton 2; McAlester 3 games, Ada 2; Finals: McAlester 4 games, Ardmore 1.
1948 schedule
Playoffs: McAlester 3 games, Chickasha 1; Seminole 3 games, Lawton 2; Finals: Seminole 4 games, McAlester 2.
1949 schedule
Playoffs: Pauls Valley 3 games, Ada 2; Lawton 3 games, Chickasha 0; Finals: Lawton 4 games, Pauls Valley 1.
Duncan moved to Shawnee August 18. ;br ; Playoffs: Ardmore 3 games, Ada 2; McAlester 3 games, Chickasha 0; Finals: McAlester 4 games, Ardmore 2.
Playoffs: Ardmore 3 games, Pauls Valley 0; McAlester 3 games, Shawnee 0; Finals: McAlester 4 games, Ardmore 2.
Playoffs: McAlester 3 games, Shawnee 1; Pauls Valley 3 games, Chickasha 1; Finals: McAlester 4 games, Pauls Valley 3.
1953 to 1955.
Playoffs: McAlester 3 games, Ardmore 1; Ada 3 games, Shawnee 1; Finals: McAlester 4 games, Ada 1.
Playoffs: Ardmore 3 games, Shawnee 2; Lawton 3 games, McAlester 2; Finals: Lawton 4 games, Ardmore 0.
Gainesville moved to Ponca City May 19. ;br ; Playoffs: Lawton 3 games, Paris 1; Muskogee 3 games, Shawnee 2; Finals: Lawton 4 games, Muskogee 2.
1956 to 1957.
1956 schedule
Playoffs: Ardmore 3 games, Paris 2; Seminole 3 games, Lawton 1; Finals: Seminole 4 games, Ardmore 3.
1957 schedule
Playoffs: Paris 3 games, Shawnee 1; Ardmore 3 games, Muskogee 0; Finals: Ardmore 4 games, Paris 0.
References.
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] |
18152109 | Canadian baseball player (1863–1933)
Simeon Henry Jean LaRocque (February 26, 1863 – May 31, 1933) was a professional baseball player. He was a second baseman over parts of three seasons (1888, 1890–91) with the Detroit Wolverines, Pittsburgh Alleghenys/Pirates and Louisville Colonels. For his career, he compiled a .249 batting average, with two home runs and 50 runs batted in.
He was born in Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and later died in Highland Park, Michigan at the age of 70. | 648 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team based in Bradford, Pennsylvania
Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Bradford Drillers were a minor league baseball team based in Bradford, Pennsylvania. From 1905 to 1908 and again from 1914 to 1916, the Drillers played exclusively as members of the Class D level Interstate League. While the team did not win a league title, the Drillers finished in second or third place in six of seven seasons in league play. Bradford hosted home minor league games at Edgar Thompson Park. The "Drillers" nickname corresponds to the oil industry in region in the era of the team.
History.
Interstate League 1905 to 1908.
The 1887, the "Bradford" team first played minor league baseball as members of the Pennsylvania State Association. The Drillers were immediately preceded in minor league play by the 1898 "Bradford" Pirates" who played the season as members of the Iron and Oil League.
In 1905, Bradford resumed hosting minor league play, when the Bradford "Drillers" became members of the reformed six–team Class D level Interstate League. The Coudersport Giants, Erie Fishermen, Jamestown Hill Climbers, Kane Mountaineers and Olean Refiners teams joined Bradford in beginning league play on April 25, 1905.
Interstate League teams, Bradford included, had a salary cap of $750 per team per month. The league required the home team to pay the visiting team $50.00 per game for weekday games, with a rain guarantee of $25.00. On Saturdays and holidays, the gate receipts were divided equally by between teams.
The "Drillers" nickname corresponds to the oil industry in the region. In 1881, Oil in Bradford supplied 83% of all oil produced in the United States. Today, the city is home to the Penn Brad Oil Museum, paying tribute to the oil industry in the city and region. The city remains home to the American Refining Group (formerly Kendall and the Bradford Oil Refinery), founded in 1881. American Refining Group is the oldest continuously operating refinery in the United States.
In their first season of play, the Drillers placed fourth in the 1905 Interstate League standings. Completing the season with an overall record of 46–54, Bradford finished 14.5 games behind the first place Coudersport Giants, with William Leary and Frederick Paige serving as managers. In the final league standings, the Coudersport Giants (59–38) finished 1.0 game ahead of the second place Erie Fisherman (58–39), followed by The Olean Refiners (54–50), Bradford Drillers (46–54), Kane Mountaineers (40–56) and Jamestown Hill Climbers/DuBois Miners (40–60).
The Drillers continued Class D level Interstate League play in 1906. Bradford ended the season in third place in the eight–team league, as the league added the Franklin Millionaires and Hornell Pigmies franchies as expansion teams. Finishing with a record of 61–53, the Drillers were managed by Tom News. In the final standings, Bradford finished 8.0 games behind the first place Erie Fisherman.
The 1907 Bradford Drillers placed second in the Interstate League final standings, as the league reduced teams during the season. The Drillers ended the season with a record of 63–54 as Eddie Foster served as manager. Bradford ended the season 2.0 games behind the first place Erie Sailors. Bradford and their partner teams of the Interstate League were plagued by bad weather and the resulting financial situation, with four teams folding. Erie was the only league franchise not in debt. Bradford, Erie, Franklin and Oil City continued were able to complete the 1907 league season as a four-team league, with Erie ending the season with the best record. Bradford teammates Doc Hazleton and Bill Kirwin both won 16 games to lead the Interstate League.
In 1908, Bradford placed third in a shortened Interstate League season, as the league resumed play as a six-team league. On June 5, 1908, the Interstate League folded. With a record of 12–8, playing under manager George Rinderknecht, Bradford finished 3.5 games behind the first place Olean Candidates. The league did not resume play in the 1909 season.
Interstate League 1914 to 1916.
In 1914, the Interstate League reformed. The Bradford franchise rejoined the league and "Drillers" resumed membership in the six-team, Class D level league. The Hornell Green Sox, Jamestown Giants, Olean Refiners, Warren Bingoes and Wellsville Rainmakers teams joined Bradford in beginning the league schedule on May 22, 1914.
In returning to league play, the Drillers ended the Class D level Interstate League season in second place in the six–team league and played in the league Finals. With a regular season record of 59–42, Bradford was managed by Art Goodwin and Duke Servatius. In the final regular season standings, the Drillers finished just 1.0 game behind the first place Jamestown Giants (59-40). The teams then met in playoff, which was won by Jamestown, defeating Bradford 4 games to 3.
In 1915, the Drillers continued Class D level Interstate League play and finished in third place behind two teams who had a contentious tie in the league final standings. The Drillers ended the season with a 42–42 record playing under managers Duke Servatius and Ray Topham. The Olean White Sox with a 52–30 record (.634) ended the season in a first-place statistical tie with the Wellsville Rainmakers, who finished 54–32 (.628). Wellsville had captured the second half title of the split season schedule and Olean had captured the first half title. Drillers manager Duke Servatius ended the season as manager of Olean. Following the conclusion of the regular season, Olean refused to play in a playoff with Wellsville and the title was awarded to Wellsville.
In their final season of Interstate League play, the league expanded to eight-teams to begin the season, with the Drillers placing third, after three teams did not complete the season. Bradford ended the season with a record of 45–38. Larry Schlafly was the Bradford manager, as the Drillers finished 12.0 games behind the first place Ridgway team. Jacob Jennis of Bradford won the league batting title, hitting .357. Teammate Al Braithwood had 133 strikeouts to lead the league pitchers.
The Interstate League did not return to play in 1917. Bradford next hosted minor league baseball over two decades later, with the 1939 Bradford Bees, who began play as members of the Class D level Pennsylvania–Ontario–New York League.
The ballpark.
The Bradford Drillers teams hosted home Interstate League minor league games at Edgar Thompson Park.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | The Arkansas–Missouri League was a Class D level league in Minor League Baseball that operated from 1936 to 1940. The league was previously known as the Arkansas State League.
Standings & statistics.
1936 Arkansas–Missouri League
Playoff: Siloam Springs 4 games, Cassville 3. One tie
1937 Arkansas–Missouri League
Vinita the sixth franchise, withdrew May 5, before the season started. Season played with five teams.Playoff: Fayetteville 3 games, Siloam Springs 0. Rogers 3 games, Neosho 1.Finals: Rogers 4 games, Fayetteville 1.
1938 Arkansas–Missouri League
schedule
Playoff: Neosho 3 games, Rogers 0. Carthage 3 games, Fayetteville 2.Finals: Carthage 4 games, Neosho 1.
1939 Arkansas–Missouri League
Playoff Final: Carthage 4 games, Fayetteville 1.
1940 Arkansas–Missouri League
schedule
The league disbanded July 1.
Sources.
"The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball", Second Edition
References.
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18152109 | The Alabama–Tennessee League was a Class D minor league baseball league which operated in the United States in 1921. Four teams from Alabama and Tennessee competed in the league. The Albany-Decatur Twins won the first half of the season, and the Russellville Miners won the second half. The two teams met in a championship series, which was won by Albany-Decatur, 5–1.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Cynthiana Cobblers were a minor league baseball team based in Cynthiana, Kentucky. From 1922 to 1924, Cynthiana teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Blue Grass League, winning the 1923 league championship. Cynthiana played as the "Merchants" in 1922 and the franchise hosted minor league home games at River Road Park.
History.
The 1922 Cynthiana Merchants were the first minor league baseball team based in Cynthiana, Kentucky. The Merchants began play as members of the six–team Class D level Blue Grass League. Some sources have the 1922 team moniker as the "Philanthropists." The 1922 league franchises were the Cynthiana Merchants (34–30), Lexington Reds (28–36), Maysville Cardinals (33–28), Mount Sterling Essex (30–31), Paris Bourbons (36–28) and Winchester Dodgers (28–36).
The "Merchants" moniker was used in reference to local merchants contributing funds to purchase uniforms and equipment for the new team. The Merchants who sponsored the team had their business name(s) displayed on the backs of the Cynthiana uniforms.
Beginning play in the 1922 Blue Grass League, the Merchants won the second–half standings and advanced to the Finals. In the overall standings, Cynthiana placed third with their record of 34–30 under manager Ernest McIlvan. The Merchants finished 2.0 games behind the first place Paris Bourbons in the overall standings. The Maysville Cardinals, with a 16–6 record, won the first half standings and Cynthiana, with a 25–17 record, won the second half standings. The two teams met in a playoff series to decide the championship. In the 1922 Finals, the Maysville Cardinals defeated Cynthiana 3 games to 1 to win the championship.
Continuing play in the 1923 Blue Grass League season, the team became the "Cynthiana Cobblers" and won the league championship. With a 54–43 record, the Cobblers finished in first place under manager Bill Schumaker and were league champions. Cynthiana finished 1.0 game ahead of the second place Winchester Dodgers in the final standings of the six–team league. No playoffs were held in 1923.
The Cynthiana area had over 30 whiskey distilleries in the era. A "Cobbler" was a popular whiskey cocktail at the time.
In their final season of play, the 1924 Cynthiana Cobblers finished a close second in the final standings. With a record of 50–42 under managers Bill Schumaker and John Koval in the four–team Blue Grass League, Cynthiana finished just a 0.5 game behind the first place Paris Boosters. No playoffs were held and the Blue Grass League permanently folded after the 1924 season.
Cynthiana has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The Cynthiana teams hosted minor league home games at River Road Park. Today, River Road Park is still in use as a public park with the ballfield. River Road Park is located at 217 Kentucky Highway 316 in Cynthiana, Kentucky.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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] |
18152109 | The Tyler Elbertas was a South Central League baseball team based in Tyler, Texas, United States that played in 1912. They were the first known professional baseball team based in Tyler and until 1924, were the only team to ever come out of that city.
Cotton Tierney, who played in the major leagues from 1920 to 1926, played for the team.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
Minor league baseball teams were based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in various seasons between 1902 and 2003. The Baton Rouge minor league teams played as members of the Cotton States League (1902–1906, 1929–1932), Dixie League (1933), East Dixie League (1934), Evangeline League (1946–1957), Gulf States League (1976), All-American Association (2001) and Southeastern League (2002–2003).
Baton Rouge teams played as a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Browns in 1947 and Philadelphia Phillies in 1948.
History.
Minor League baseball began in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in 1902. The 1902 Baton Rouge Cajuns began play as charter members of the Class D level Cotton States League. In 1903, the team changed its moniker to the Baton Rouge "Red Sticks," a translation of the city's French name into English, and captured the 1903 Cotton League Championship.
On July 13, 1904, Red Sticks pitcher Hanlan threw a no–hitter against the Pine Bluff Lumbermen, winning 2–0 in six innings. In 1905–1906, the Cajuns' moniker reappeared as the team remained in the Cotton States League. On July 4, 1905, Baton Rouge pitcher Moxie Maxwell pitched a no-hitter in a 2–1 loss to the Vicksburg Hill Climbers. Another no-hitter was thrown on August 5, 1906, when Jimmy Laird no-hit the Jackson Senators in a 3–0 Baton Rough victory. A few weeks later, on August 28, 1906, Bernie McCay threw a no–hitter while defeating the Vicksburg Hill Climbers 3–0.
For the franchise, finances were of such a concern that in 1905, the team used certain games as "fundrasing games" and charged an inflated $2.00 per ticket in an attempt to increase funding to keep the team in business
Visiting teams stayed at the Istrouma Hotel in Baton Rouge. In the era, the hotel was located on the corner of Third Street and Florida Street.
After a 23–season hiatus, Baton Rouge rejoined the Cotton States League when the Hattiesburg Pinetoppers relocated from Hattiesburg, Mississippi to Baton Rouge on May 30, 1929, playing as the Baton Rouge Essos for the remainder of the 1929 season. On July 19, 1929, Essos pitcher Clyde Freeman threw a perfect game in a 7–inning game against the Lake Charles Newporters, a 4–0 Baton Rouge victory. The Baton Rouge Highlanders (1930), Baton Rouge Standards (1931) and Baton Rouge Senators (1932) continued play in the Cotton States League. The Senators were in first place with a 51–20 record when the Cotton States folded On July 13, 1932, as minor league baseball struggled financially during the Great Depression.
In 1933, Baton Rouge joined the reformed Dixie League. The Baton Rouge Solons continued play and retained manager Josh Billings and several players from the previous season. The Solons finished the season with a 77–47 record and captured the Dixie League championship.
Baton Rouge remained as the Dixie League split into two halves in 1934, with the Baton Rouge Red Sticks playing in the East Dixie League. Struggling, the franchise moved to Clarksdale, Mississippi on June 11, 1935, and continued play as the Clarksdale Ginners.
Baton Rouge remained without a team until 1946, when the Baton Rouge Red Sticks became a charter member of the revived Evangeline League. Baton Rouge would remain as a stable franchise in the Evangeline League, playing as the Red Sticks from 1946 to 1955 and the Baton Rouge Rebels in 1956 and 1957. In 1950, the Red Sticks finished 82–58 and won the 1950 Evangeline League Championship and went on to make the playoffs in four of the next five seasons. On June 20, 1957, the Baton Rouge Rebels and Lafayette Oilers both folded. The Rebels were 24–35 at the time.
The Evangeline League permanently folded following the 1957 season and had never become an integrated league, despite the efforts of major league affiliates (the Chicago Cubs) to assign players to the Lafayette Oilers and integrate team rosters. Lafayette was an affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. In 1956, some boycotts of attending games occurred after the Lafayette Oilers refused to accept the players' teams and Lafayette Parrish, home of the Baton Rouge Rebels, passed legislation making it illegal for black players to play in its ballparks. The Evangeline League itself also officially banned non-white players from appearing on their rosters. These blocks forced the major league teams to reassign the players to other leagues. Due to boycotts, the 1956 playoff finals, featuring Lafayette, were cancelled as a result. Both the Lafayette Oilers and the Baton Rouge Rebels folded before the end of the 1957 season, on June 20, 1957.
In 1946, John Radulovich hit .409, playing for the Baton Rouge Red Sticks, becoming the first player in Evangeline League history to hit over .400. Radulovich had 215 hits, with 41 doubles and 31 home runs.
In 1976, minor-league baseball returned when the Baton Rouge Cougars became a charter member of the reformed Class A level Gulf States League. However, the league and its franchises struggled, with Baton Rouge folding on August 13, 1976, with a record of 43–27. The Cougars' owner, Billy Blythe had vanished, and player paychecks stopped arriving. Louisiana State University was forced to evict the ball club from Alex Box Stadium. The Gulf States League folded after the 1976 season.
After a 25–year absence of minor league baseball, the 2001 Baton Rouge Blue Marlins played as members of the independent level All-American Association and the Baton Rouge Riverbats of 2002 and 2003 played in the independent Southeastern League. The Blue Marlins captured the All-American Association Championship after also having the best regular season record of 44–28. The All-American Association folded after the 2001 season and the newly formed Southeastern League convinced the Baton Rouge Blue Marlins to join them in 2002. The renamed Riverbats finished with records of 39–29 and 38–31 in their two seasons, capturing the 2003 Southeastern League Championship. The Southeastern League folded following the 2003 season.
The ballparks.
Early Baton Rouge teams, the Cajuns and Red Sticks played at Battle Park]. Built in 1902, Battle Park was located four blocks south of Magnolia Cemetery. In 1903, the St. Louis Browns utilized Battle Park for their spring training.
When baseball returned to Baton Rouge in 1929, the teams played at Standard Park, which was owned by the Standard Oil Company. The ballpark had been damaged by fire on February 22, 1929, and the rebuilt grandstands collapsed on opening day, 1929, with no injuries. The teams continued play at Standard Park, sharing it with City Park in 1934–1935.
In 1934-1935 and 1946–1955, Baton Rouge played at City Park. The ballpark was located at 1055 Convention Street, where there was limited parking. City Park had a capacity of 3,500.
The 1976 Baton Rouge Cougars played at Alex Box Stadium until being evicted after owner Billy Blythe disappeared and the ball club stopped making payroll and rent payments.
Baton Rouge teams played at Pete Goldsby Field (1956–1957, 1976, 2000–2003), which opened in 1956. The ballpark is named for a local businessman who had been active in youth baseball and activities. The ballpark is still in use today and is located at 1502 Foss Street, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It has a current capacity of 2,000, and held 3,500 in 1956. Its dimensions are: LF 325 - CF 395 - RF 345. It currently is the home of the Baton Rouge Rougaru of the summer Texas Collegiate League.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
Media.
Minor League baseball in Baton Rouge was a subject of the book "Baseball in Baton Rouge" by Michael Bielawa and Janice Bielawa, Arcadia Publishing (2007). .
References.
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18152109 | American minor league baseball team
Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Milwaukee Creams were a minor league baseball team based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Between 1889 and 1913, the Creams played as members of the 1889 Western Association, Western League from 1902 to 1903 and 1913 Wisconsin-Illinois League. The Western League Creams franchise was forced to fold as the result of a territory dispute between the Western League and American Association. The Creams hosted minor league home games at Borchert Field and Lloyd Street Grounds.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Clark Griffith played for the 1889 Milwaukee Creams and Hall of Famer Hugh Duffy was player/manager of the 1902 and 1903 teams.
History.
The Milwaukee "Creams" began play as members of the 1889 eight-team Western Association. The Milwaukee Brewers adopted the Creams moniker for the 1889 season. Some references list other Brewers teams as both the "Brewers" and "Creams" combined in various other seasons. The 1889 team finished the season with a record of 58–63 and placed fifth, playing under manager Ezra Sutton.
Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Clark Griffith pitched for the 1889 Milwaukee Creams at age 19. Griffith had a 23–18 record for Milwaukee, throwing 328 innings.
The 1902 Milwaukee Creams team became members of the Class A level Western League. The Creams began play as the second team in Milwaukee, as the Milwaukee Brewers played as members of the American Association. Milwaukee having two Class A franchises at the same time proved to be a tenuous arrangement.
The Milwaukee Creams placed third in the 1902 Western League. Milwaukee ended the season with record of 80–54, finishing 1.0 game behind the first place Kansas City Blue Stockings. Milwaukee played under Hall of Fame member player/manager Hugh Duffy, who hit .291 in 505 at–bats at age 35. In the 1902 Western League standings, the Milwaukee Creams finished a close third place. The Kansas City Blue Stockings (82–54) finished mere percentage points ahead of the second place Omaha Indians (84–56), followed closely by the Milwaukee Creams (80–54). They were followed by the Denver Grizzlies (81–57), St. Joseph Saints (71–68), Colorado Springs Millionaires (63–75), Des Moines Midgets (54–83) and Peoria Distillers (35–103) teams in the final standings.
The 1903 Milwaukee Creams won the Western League championship and were forced to fold following the season. Milwaukee finished with a record of 83–43 under returning player/manager Hugh Duffy, who hit .300 in 75 games. The Creams finished 8.0 games ahead of the second place Colorado Springs Millionaires, with Kansas City Blue Stockings in third place, 18.0 games behind the first place Milwaukee Creams.
Following the conclusion the 1903 season, the American Association and Western League negotiated territory rights, as both were Class A level minor leagues the highest level of minor leagues in the era. As a result, the Western League franchises in Kansas City and Milwaukee were forced to fold. The Kansas City Blues remained, and the Kansas City Blue Stockings were forced to permanently fold the franchise. Milwaukee also had the exact result, as the Milwaukee Creams of the Western League were folded and the Milwaukee Brewers continued. Following the contractions, the Class A American Association and the Western League both continuing play remaining as a Class A league in 1904.
In 1913, the Milwaukee Creams briefly returned as members of the Class C level Wisconsin-Illinois League before relocating amidst controversy. The Milwaukee team was owned by Charles Moll, the previous president of the Wisconsin–Illinois League. Milwaukee was chosen as the replacement city for the folded Aurora Blues franchise in the league. This led to legal action by shunned Aurora owners.
On Wednesday, April 30, 1913, Milwaukee, nicknamed the "Mollys" by local Milwaukee newspapers, opened the Wisconsin-Illinois League season at Athletic Park, with Milwaukee Mayor Gerhard Bading throwing out the first pitch. With approximately 400 fans in attendance, Milwaukee defeated the Appleton Papermakers by the score of 12–5 in the home opener.
Beginning the season, the Creams were suffering from low attendance. Fans had two other baseball teams in the city, with the semi–pro Kosciuszko Reds and minor league Milwaukee Brewers vying for fans, leading to the Creams relocation. On June 28, 1913, the Creams had a 28–20 record when the franchise relocated to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin and finished the season as the Fond du Lac Molls. The "Molls" moniker was in reference to team owner Charles Moll, who was a Milwaukee resident and president of the American Grinder Company. At the end of the season the Milwaukee/Fond du Lac team finished in fifth place with a 63–60 overall record. Milwaukee/Fond du Lac finished 13.0 games behind the first place Oshkosh Indians, playing under managers Harry Clark, Ernest Landgraf and Marty Hogan in the two locations.
The ballparks.
The Milwaukee Creams played 1889 and 1913 minor league home games at Borchert Field. Then known as Athletic field, the ballpark was named after owner Otto Borchert and later sold by the Borchert family in 1952 to make way for an interstate. The site is now part of I-43 between 7th Street and 8th Street in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
In 1902 and 1903, the Milwaukee Creams hosted home games at the Lloyd Street Grounds. After the Milwaukee Creams were folded, the ballpark was demolished in 1904. The Lloyd Street Grounds were located on West Lloyd Street between North 16th Street & North 18th Street in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Notable alumni.
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References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Cleveland A's (or the interchangeable "Athletics") were a minor league baseball team based in Cleveland, Mississippi. In 1935, the Cleveland "Bengals" played a partial season as members of the Class C level East Dixie League. After the East Dixie League folded, the newly named Cleveland franchise joined the 1936 Class D level Cotton States League, as a minor league affiliate of the Philadelphia Athletics, adopting the "A's" nickname.
The Cleveland teams hosted home minor league games exclusively at Boyle Park in Cleveland.
History.
Cleveland, Mississippi first hosted minor league baseball in 1935, when the Cleveland Bengals played briefly as members of the eight–team Class C level East Dixie League. On June 18, 1935, the Columbus Bengals moved to Cleveland, Mississippi with a record of 36–41 at the time of the move. After compiling a 28–32 record while based in Cleveland, the team placed sixth in the final standings with an overall record of 64–73, playing the season under manager Henry "Slim" Brewer. The Columbus/Cleveland Bengals finished 19.5 games behind the first place Pine Bluff Judges in the final standings. Bengals player Fred Williams led the East Dixie League with 187 total hits.
The East Dixie League permanently folded following the 1935 season and Cleveland continued minor league play in a new league.
In 1936, Cleveland continued minor league play, when the A's became members of the eight–team Class D level Cotton States League, playing as a minor league affiliate of the Philadelphia Athletics and adopting the nickname. The Clarksdale Ginners, El Dorado Lions, Greenville Bucks, Greenwood Giants, Helena Seaporters, Jackson Senators and Pine Bluff Judges joined Cleveland in beginning league play on April 22, 1936.
The A's ended the 1936 regular season in seventh place in the Cotton States League. With Henry Brewer returning as manager, Cleveland ended the season with a 57–80 record and finished 20.5 games behind the first place Greenwood Chiefs in the final Cotton States League standings. The A's were also managed for part of the season by Mays Copeland and did not qualify for the post season playoffs won by El Dorado.
After drawing 8,600 total fans in 1935, the Cleveland franchise did not return to play in the 1837 Cotton States league Cleveland, Mississippi has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballparks.
Cleveland hosted minor league home games at Boyle Park. The ballpark had dimensions of (Left, Center, Right): 375–500–375.
Notable alumni.
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References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Kewanee Boilermakers were a minor league baseball team based in Kewanee, Illinois. From 1908 to 1913, the Boilermakers played exclusively as members of the Central Association, hosting home games at Terminal Park. The 1948 Kewanee A's succeeded the Boilermakers in minor league play.
The Boilermakers moniker was adopted and still in use by Kewanee High School.
History.
Minor league baseball began in Kewanee, Illinois when the 1908 Kewanee "Boilermakers" became charter members of the Class D level Central Association, with Kewanee fielding a minor league baseball team for the first time. Kewanee was joined by the Burlington Pathfinders, Keokuk Indians, Jacksonville Lunatics, Oskaloosa Quakers, Ottumwa Packers, Quincy Gems and the Waterloo Lulus as charter members in the eight–team league, beginning league play on May 7, 1908.
The Kewanee use of the "Boilermakers" moniker corresponds to local industry. The local Kewanee Boiler Company, was a large manufacturing factory in Kewanee.
Playing in the 1908 Central Association, Kewanee ended the season with a record of 48–79, placing seventh in the Central Association standings.
The 1909 Boilermakers finished with a 73–61 record, placing fourth in the final standings. The 1910 Kewanee team finished eighth and last with a 43–91 record. The 1911 Boilermakers finished in fifth place with a record of 59–67. The Central Association did not have playoffs during those seasons.
On May 20, 1911, Kewanee's John Beltz pitched a no–hitter vs. the Muscatine Camels. Kewanee won the game 6–0. Kewanee had a second no–hitter on August 29, 1912, when Tom Drohan threw a no–hitter against the Hannibal Cannibals in a 4–0 Kewanee victory.
The 1912 Kewanee Boilermakers finished second in the eight–team Central Association with a 74–51 record, finishing 3.5 games behind the first place Streator Speedboys. Kewanee had 1912 season attendance of 19,000.
In 1913, Kewanee placed seventh in the Central Association standings, finishing 6.5 games behind the first place Ottumwa Packers with a 59–65 record. The Kewanee Boilermakers folded following the 1913 season, along with the Monmouth Browns. The two new teams to replace them in the 1914 Central Association were the Clinton Pilots and Marshalltown Ansons. The Central Association eventually folded after the 1917 season, before being reformed in 1947.
Kewanee High School adopted the "Boilermakers" moniker in 1927 and continue play as the Kewanee Boilermakers today.
After folding in 1913, Kewanee was without minor league baseball for 35 years. On June 18, 1948, the Moline A's of the Central Association moved from Moline, Illinois to Kewanee and became the Kewanee A's, who played in 1948 and 1949.
The ballpark.
From 1908 to 1913, the Kewanee Boilermakers played minor league home games at Terminal Park. Terminal Park was also home to the Kewanee Regulars football club. Terminal Park was located on Lake Street in Kewanee, Illinois.
Notable alumni.
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References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Mattoon Phillies was a primary nickname for the minor league baseball teams based in Mattoon, Illinois between 1899 and 1957. Mattoon teams played as members of the Indiana–Illinois League (1899), Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League (1906), Eastern Illinois League (1907–1908), Illinois State League (1947–1948), Mississippi–Ohio Valley League (1949–1955) and Midwest League (1956–1957).
Mattoon teams played as a minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox in 1947, Cleveland Indians in 1948, Cincinnati Reds in 1952, Philadelphia Phillies from 1953 to 1956 and Kansas City Athletics in 1957.
The franchise was the oldest in the Midwest League, evolving to become today's Fort Wayne TinCaps.
History.
The Mattoon Phillies were a charter member of the Midwest League in 1953. Additionally, Mattoon teams played in the two leagues directly preceding the Midwest League: the Mississippi–Ohio Valley League and the Illinois State League .
Earlier, Mattoon teams played in the Eastern Illinois League (1907–1908), Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League (1906) and Indiana–Illinois League (1899). Mattoon was an affiliate of the Chicago White Sox (1947), Cleveland Indians (1948), Cincinnati Reds (1952), Philadelphia Phillies (1953–1956) and Kansas City Athletics (1957).
The Mattoon Illinois State League franchise was the direct result of the efforts of the Mattoon Athletic Association, which was formed in 1947 by William Zurheider, Clyde Kirk and Charles Heath. The corporation issued 600 shares of stock at $250 and built a new ballpark. Charles Heath was also a founder of the ISL.
Mattoon had two no-hitters. On August 24, 1954 Tom Cronin defeated the Hannibal Cannibals 2–0 in a no-hitter. On July 16, 1956 Mike Wallace pitched a no-hitter against the Clinton Pirates, winning 6–0.
In 1958, the Mattoon franchise moved to Keokuk, Iowa and became the Keokuk Indians. The franchise is the oldest in the Midwest League, as it has evolved into today's Fort Wayne TinCaps.
The ballpark.
From 1947 to 1956 Mattoon teams were noted to have played minor league home games at the Mattoon Baseball Park. The ballpark hosted the 1948 Illinois State League All–Star Game and the 1950 Mississippi–Ohio Valley League All–Star Game. Baseball Hall of Fame member Earl Weaver played in the 1948 game. The ballpark had a capacity of 2,500 and was destroyed shortly after minor league team moved. The Mattoon Baseball Park was located at DeWitt Avenue & North Logan Street, Mattoon, Illinois.
Notable alumni.
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;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Williston Oilers were a minor league baseball team based in Williston, North Dakota. The "Oilers" played as members of the Independent level Manitoba-Dakota League from 1954 to 1957, winning the 1956 league championship. The league folded following the 1957 season.
The Williston Oilers teams hosted home minor league games at Ardean Aafeldt Stadium, which is still in use today.
History.
Minor league baseball began in Williston, North Dakota in 1954, when the Williston "Oilers" began play as members of the four-team, independent level Manitoba-Dakota League, known as the "Mandak League." The Brandon Greys, Carman Cardinals and Minot Mallards teams joined the Oilers in beginning play in the league. The new Williston franchise replaced the Winnipeg Royals in the league.
The Williston use of the "Oilers" nickname corresponds to local history and industry in the era. Williston is home to numerous oil fields, first discovered in 1936 and is the namesake of the Williston Basin.
The Mandak League was a professional independent minor league that was not affiliated with the minor league baseball. The Mandak League member teams often paid players better than affiliated minor league teams. Some league players left minor league baseball and played for teams in the Mandak League. In the era, a player in the lower-level minor leagues earned approximately $150 per month, while Mandak League salaries in the era may have started at about $275 per month, with some players earning up to $900 per month. The league was also an integrated league, with many former negro leagues players on team rosters.
With 2,550 fans in attendance at home on May 29, 1954, Williston defeated the Brandon Greys by the score of 5–4. Williston's John Chalfont hit a sacrifice fly that drove in teammate Ron Martin with the winning run in the 11th inning. Lloyd Gearhart of the Oilers had four hits and a home run in the contest.
On August 20, 1954, Oiler player Dewey Williams was attacked by two men on the Williston's Main Street and was stabbed in his chest and abdomen, nearly losing his life. Williams was hospitalized under 24–hour police guard and was in serious condition before ultimately recovering. One of the attackers, a laborer drifter named Paul Jackson, was arrested, plead guilty to the assault and was sentenced to one year in the state penitentiary. Williams and Jackson had known each other and had a previous altercation in Toledo, Ohio after Williams had played a minor league game there. Williams played in four Mandak League seasons. A native of North Carolina, Williams eventually married and settled in Williston, living the remainder of his life in the community. He worked part time for the Williston Parks and Recreation Board umpiring baseball games, before retiring in 1982.
In their first season of play, the Williston Oilers placed third in the Manitoba-Dakota League regular season standings. Managed by Bert Shepard, the Oilers ended the 1954 regular season with a record of 28–40, finishing 11.5 games behind the first place Minot Mallards. In the four–team playoffs, the Brandon Greys defeated Williston 4 games to 3 in the first round.
Oiler manager Bert Shephard was an amputee, and was the first major league amputee player, pitching in one game in 1945. Shephard had his right leg amputated after his fighter plane was shot down during World War II in May 1944. The left–handed pitcher taught himself to walk and eventually to pitch again with an artificial leg while a prisoner in the German POW camp "Stalag IX C(b)" in Meiningen. On August 31, 1945, Shepard received the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal for his service in World War II in between games of a doubleheader for his Washington Senators. General Omar Bradley presented his medals in the ceremony at Griffith Stadium.
In the 1955 season, the Mandak League continued play, with the Bismarck Barons and Dickinson Packers, teams joining the league, replacing the Brandon and Carman, as the returning Minot Mallards and Williston Oilers remained in the league.
In 1955, the Oilers finished the regular season in second place in the four-team Mandak League and lost in the first round of the four-team playoffs. Williston ended the regular season with a record of 41–37, to place second in the Manitoba–Dakota League regular season. Playing under manager Roy Weatherly, the Oilers finished 4.0 games behind the first place Bismarck Barons. In the Playoffs, the Willison Oilers were defeated by Minot 4 games to 3 in the first round, ending their season.
In 1956, Madak League teams also played some games against teams from the Western Canadian Baseball League. The Williston Oilers won both the Mandak League regular season pennant and overall league championship in the 1956 season. The Oilers finished in first place with a 49–29 record, playing the season under managers Dee Moore and Preston Elkins. Williston finished 2.0 games ahead of the second place Bismarck Barons in the regular season standings. In the first round of the four–team playoffs, the Dickinson Packers were defeated by Williston 4 games to 3. In the playoff final, the Oilers defeated Minot in six games to claim the league championship.
On September 7, 1956, Willison won game six of the finals to win the Mandak League championship series 4 games to 2. Williston pitcher Jack Sanoff was the winner as Williston defeated Minot 7–3 to capture the Mandak League title in six games. Sanoff pitched a three-hitter and hit a homer run, triple and single, with 5 RBI in the clinching game.
1957 was the final season of the Mandak League, as the Brandon Greys returned to the league, replacing the Dickinson Packers franchise. The Oilers placed third in the Mandak League standings, playing the season under returning manager Preston Elkins. With a 34–37 record, Williston tied with Brandon for third place, 3.5 games behind the first place Bismarck Barons in a close race. The playoffs were not the usual four–team playoffs. Instead, the league president placed Bismarck and Minot, the top two regular season finishers, directly into the finals, which were ended due to poor weather with Minor up 2 games to 1.
The Mandak League folded after the 1957 season. Williston continued hosting independent minor league for the next two seasons, with roster, record and league information unknown for both seasons. Willison reportedly played the 1958 season as members of the Western Canada League and the 1959 season as members of the Canadian-American League.
The ballpark.
The Williston Oilers hosted home minor league games at Ardean Aafedt Stadium. The ballpark is still in use today. The ballpark has undergone numerous upgrades and has hosted three youth baseball Babe Ruth League World Series. Constructed in 1950, Ardean Aafedt Stadium is named for a local baseball founder. Ardean Aafeldt Stadium is located within Davidson Park at 1002 11th Street W in Williston, North Dakota.
Notable alumni.
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References.
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2912343
] |
18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Nashua Pirates were a minor league baseball team, based in Nashua, New Hampshire. The team started in 1983 as the Nashua Angels, an affiliate with the California Angels in the Eastern League. The club changed affiliations in 1984 to the Pittsburgh Pirates and were then renamed the Nashua Pirates. The team's home ballpark was Holman Stadium.
During the mid-1980s, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania initiated a plan to construct a ballpark for a new Minor League Baseball team in the city. This ballpark, named Riverside Stadium, attracted the Pirates, which moved the Nashua affiliate to Harrisburg. The team was renamed the Harrisburg Senators, a nod to the previous Senators franchise.
Notes.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 660 | [
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439,
146,
384,
529,
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196,
430,
517,
206,
444,
599,
151,
120,
488,
580,
41,
143,
595
] | 230 | [
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] |
18152109 | Defunct baseball team in Bay City, Michigan, United States
The Bay City Beavers were a Southern Michigan League baseball team based in Bay City, Michigan, United States that existed from 1913 to 1915. Future major leaguer Joe Harris played for them in 1913 and 1914. Cecil Coombs played for them in 1914 as well. No known major league baseball players played for them in 1915.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 661 | [
309,
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120,
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306,
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384,
156
] | 45 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Baker City Gold Diggers were a minor league baseball team based in Baker City, Oregon. Between 1891 and 1914, Baker City teams played as members of the 1891 Pacific Interstate League, 1902 and 1908 Inland Empire League and Western Tri-State League in 1913 and 1914, with a different team nickname each season.
History.
Baker City, Oregon first hosted minor league play in 1891, when the Baker Bunch Grassers were one of four charter members of the Independent level Pacific Interstate League. The La Grande Grand Rhonders, Pendleton Ho Hos and Walla Walla Walla Wallas teams joined Baker City in beginning league play on June 6, 1891.
The Baker Bunch Grassers began play in the Pacific Interstate League and finished last in 1891, playing the season under manager W. S. Bowers. The La Grande Grand Rhonders won the Pacific Interstate League championship with a 20–10 record. La Grande was followed by the Pendleton Giants/Ho Hos (18–12), Walla Walla Walla Wallas (16–14) and Baker Bunch Grassers (6–24) in the final Pacific Interstate League standings.
Baker City fielded a franchise as the 1902 Inland Empire League began play as a Class D level four–team league, with the Baker City Gold Diggers, La Grande Beetpullers, Pendleton Indians and Walla Walla Sharpshooters as charter members. The complete 1902 league standings and statistics are unknown. A game report noted Walla Walla defeated Baker 2–0 on July 25, 1902, in front of 300 fans at Baker. Another game report has Pendleton defeating La Grande 2–0 and Walla Walla defeating Baker 6–0 on August 25, 1902.
The team records on August 25, 1902, were reported to be: Pendleton 21–8, Walla Walla 14–15, La Grande 12–16 and Baker City 10–18.
The Inland Empire League formed again in 1908, with the same four cities hosting franchises, including Baker City. The Baker Nuggets/Miners, La Grande Babes, Pendleton Pets/Wheat Growers and Walla Walla Walla Wallas began league play on June 10, 1908. However, the league permanently disbanded on Sunday, July 12, 1908 due to extreme heat.
At the time the league folded in 1908, the La Grande Babes, with a 19–12 record were in first place 2.5 games ahead of the second place Baker Nuggets/Miners, who finished with a record of 15–15 under managers Cryderman and Hosie. They were followed by the Walla Walla Walla Wallas (14–17) and Pendleton Pets/Wheat Growers (14–18) in the final standings. The Inland league did not return to play after the 1908 season.
In 1913, the Baker City Golddiggers began play as members of the six–team Class D level Western Tri-State League but folded before the end of the season. The Golddiggers had a record of 15–40 under managers Con Harlow, Charles Harrod and Troeh when the franchise disbanded on June 23, 1913.
The Baker City Miners continued play in 1914 as members of the four–team the Western Tri-State League in the final minor league season for Baker City. The Miners ended the season in third place with a 44–52 record under manager Karl King, finishing 15.0 games behind the first place Pendleton Buckaroos.
Baker City, Oregon has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The name of the Baker City home minor league ballpark is not directly referenced. Geiser-Pollman Park was in use in the era as a private park and became the first public park in Baker City in 1908.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Greenwood Scouts were a minor league baseball team based in Greenwood, Mississippi. From 1910 to 1912, the "Scouts" played as a member of the Class D level Cotton States League, winning the 1910 and 1912 league championships before the league folded.
The Greenwood "Indians' resumed play in 1921 as the champion of the Class D level Mississippi State League. The Indians returned to the reformed Cotton States League in 1922 and won the league championship before folding from the league following the 1923 season.
Both the Greenwood Scouts and Indians teams hosted home minor league teams at Wright Park in Greenwood.
History.
1910 to 1912: Two Cotton States League championships.
Greenwood, Mississippi first hosted minor league baseball in 1910, when the Greenwood "Scouts" became members of the six-team, Class D level Cotton States League. The Cotton States League was reforming after not playing the 1909 season and the Greenwood team was added as a new franchise in the league. The Greenwood Scouts joined with the Hattiesburg Timberjacks, Jackson Tigers, Meridian White Ribbons, Vicksburg Hill Billies and Yazoo City Zoos teams in beginning Cotton States League play on May 2, 1910. In an era where team nicknames were often coined by local newspapers, the 1910 Greenwood team was also known as the "Chauffeurs."
Before a Greenwood game in Jackson, Mississippi in July 1910, a former Cotton States umpire named Hunt was in Jackson. One week earlier, Hunt had been fired by the Cotton States League. Greenwood was in town for a game against the Jackson Tigers and public altercations involving Hunt and several Greenwood players occurred. According to reports, while on the corner of Mill and Capitol Streets, Hunt and Greenwood player Orth Collins (who later managed the team) encountered each other. Collins accused Hunt of betting on games that he had umpired. Hunt then punched Collins, knocking him down. Later, Hunt went to the Lemon Hotel, where the Greenwood players were gathering in the lobby. Greenwood catcher Jack Law and Hunt began fighting in the lobby when Hunt fell over a chair and fell to the floor, with Greenville's Ray Rolling, joining the fight while Law kicked Hunt in the eye. Other Greenville players, including Clyde Frakes, cornered Hunt, who began fight off each, knocking them to the floor with punches. Deputy Sheriff Sanders arrived on the scene and arrested Hunt and six Greenville players. Four players were quickly released, but Hunt, Rolling and Collins were jailed overnight before appearing in court the next day. The three were released from jail after paying court issued fines.
In their first season of play, the Greenwood Scouts won the 1910 Cotton States League championship. In the final standings of the Cotton States League, Greenwood placed first in the six-team league, while playing the season under manager Woody Thornton. With a 71–36 record, Greenwood finished first, ending the season just 0.5 game ahead the second place Jackson Tigers (71–37) in final standings of the six-team league. The Cotton states League did not have a playoff format in 1910. Greenwood pitcher Robert Lee Vernuelle led the Cotton States League with 24 wins. Greenwood manager Woody Thornton came to the team after playing the previous four seasons with the Mobile Sea Gulls of the Cotton States League and Southern Association.
As defending champions, the Greenwood Scouts team continued play in 1911 Cotton States League. The Scouts finished in fifth place in the final standings of six-team Class D level league. With a 46–68 record, the Scouts placed fifth under returning manager Woody Thornton and Orth Collins, finishing 26.5 games behind the first place Vicksburg Hill Billies in the six–team league. No league playoffs were held. After leaving Greenwood, manager Woody Thorton finished the 1911 season with the Jackson Drummers in Cotton States League play.
Left-hander Sherry Smith pitched for Greenwood in 1911 at age 20. Smith has made his major league debut with the Pittsburgh Pirates earlier in the 1911 season and was sent by Pittsburgh to Greenwood. With Greenwood, Smith won each of his first three starts for the Scouts. He had a 9–4 record in mid-August when Pittsburgh wished to promote him, however a leg injury, ended his season before he could depart Greenwood. His major league career spanned from 1911 until 1927. Smith pitched for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Brooklyn Robins and Cleveland Indians in his major league career. He then played and managed in the minor leagues through 1932.
Smith had a notable post season career. In Game 2 of the 1916 World Series, Smith was the losing pitcher loser of one of the longest World Series games ever played. Smith pitched a complete game into the 14th inning for the Brooklyn Robins, dueling with the Boston Red Sox starting pitcher, Babe Ruth. The Red Sox the game by the score of 2–1 with a run with two outs in the 14th inning off of Smith. Babe Ruth also pitched a complete game for Boston in the Red Sox' victory.
In the 1920 World Series, on October 7, 1920, Smith was the winning pitcher for Brooklyn in Game 3 of the series against the Cleveland Indians. Smith threw a complete game, three-hitter in a 2–1 Brooklyn victory. In Game 6, of the 1920 series, Smith lost a 1–0 game to with Cleveland's Duster Mails, with both pitchers throwing complete games. In his 14-season career, Smith compiled a 114–118 record with a 3.32 ERA in 2,052.2 innings pitched.
The 1912 Greenwood Scouts continued play as members of the Cotton States League and won the league championship in a shortened season. On June 5, 1912, Greenwood had compiled a 51–64 record when the league stopped play. Playing the season under returning manager Orth Collings and Martin Dudley, Greenwood finished the season in third place, but the first place Vicksburg Hill Billies and other teams had folded during the season. Greenwood was declared the league champion as Vicksburg, the first half winner, had disbanded and Greenwood led the second half standings.
After leaving Greenwood, player/manager Orth Collins joined the Meridian Mets for the remainder of the season in what was his final professional season at age 32.
Manager Martin Dudley came to Greenwood to replace Collins, having started the 1912 season with the Yazoo City Zoos. A catcher, the managerial position with the Scouts was Dudley's first season as a manager. Dudley managed the Thomasville Hornets of the Empire State League in 1913.
At age 20, Pol Perritt played for the Scouts in 1912 in his first professional season, splitting the season between the Vicksburg Hill Billies and Greenwood. Between the two teams, Perritt compiled an overall 18–18 record for the season. Perritt had been released by Vicksburg in April, 1912 and was quickly picked up by Greenwood, whom he had pitched against with Vicksburg, catching the attention of Greenwood management. On May 20, 1912, Perritt pitched both games of a doubleheader against Vicksburg, winning one game and losing one. Following the Cotton League season, Perritt was purchased by the St. Louis Cardinals in September 1912. Cardinals scout Bill Armour had signed Perritt and brought Perritt with him on his return to St. Louis. Finishing the season with St. Louis, Perritt compiled a 1–1 record with a 3.19 ERA in six games in the closing weeks of the National League season. Perritt pitched ten major league seasons compiling a 92–78 record with a 2.89 ERA in 256 career major league games. Perritt's major league career ended after he had a financial dispute with the Detroit Tigers. A native of Arcadia, Louisiana, Perritt forged a successful career in the oil business in Louisiana and had encouraged his teammates to join him in the industry while still a player. In 1934, Perritt was injured when shot by a business associate during a fist fight that required police intervention.
The Greenwood franchise did not continue play in the 1913 Cotton States League, as Greenwood was replaced in the league by the Pensacola Snappers franchise. The Cotton States League continued play for just the 1913 season before disbanding due to the onset of World War I.
1921: Mississippi State League championship.
In 1921, Greenwood, Mississippi resumed hosting minor league play when the Greenwood "Indians" became charter members of the four-team class D level Mississippi State League. Greenwood joined with the Clarksdale Cubs, Jackson Red Sox and Meridian Mets teams in beginning Mississippi State League play on April 25, 1921.
The Greenwood Indians won the Mississippi State League championship. The championship was won in a season that saw Greenwood end the regular season in second place in the overall league standings and win a pennant in the split season schedule. With a record of 59–49, the Indians finished 6.5 games behind the first place Clarksdale Cubs in the overall standings. In the split season schedule, Clarksdale won the second half pennant after Greenwood had won the first half pennant, setting up the playoff between the two teams. Charles Bell managed Greenwood in 1921. In the playoff between the two split season champions, Greenwood defeated Clarksdale 5 games to 0 to win the Mississippi State League championship. During the league playoffs, Red Lucas threw a no-hitter in a shutout win for Greenwood over Clarksdale and their pitcher Earl Webb. Player/manager Charles Bell hit .328 on the season, playing in 100 games for the Indians. John Kane, who split the season between Greenwood and the Meridian Mets won the Cotton States League batting title, hitting .355. Greenwood pitcher Hugh Boyd compiled an 11–5 record to lead the league in winning percentage.
A member of the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame, Hughie Critz played for the Greenwood Indians in 1921 in his first professional season. A native of Starkville, Mississippi, Critz had attended college in Starkville at Mississippi A&M, today's Mississippi State University. His father, Professor Colonel Hugh Critz Sr., was a respected teacher at the college and was appointed president of Mississippi A&M in 1930. Ater the season 1922 Greenwood sold Critz contract to the Memphis Chickasaws for $2,000 and Critz agreed to the transaction after receiving half of the transaction price.
In the 1921 season, Critz batted .299 for Greenwood, playing in 101 games for the Indians at age 20. Critz made his major league debut with the 1924 Cincinnati Reds, a rookie season in which he hit .322 in 104 games with the Reds. Critz played in the World Series in 1933, as the starting second baseman with the champion New York Giants. Retiring on September 27, 1935, Critz ended his 12-season major league career, with a batting average of .268 with 38 home runs and 531 RBIs, playing in 1478 games. Critz had 97 career stolen bases, 832 runs scored, 195 doubles and 95 triples, with 1591 total hits in 5930 at bats. Defensively, Critz recorded a .974 fielding percentage while playing second base.
After his retirement from baseball, Critz returned to the area and resided on his 1,000-acre plantation located outside Greenwood, Mississippi. His former New York Giants manager Bill Terry wanted Critz to manage the Greenwood Giants, a Cotton States League team owned by Terry, but he turned down the managerial offer. Instead, Crits opened Hugh Critz Motor Co., a Ford-Lincoln dealership in Greenwood. In 1962, Critz died in Greenwood, Mississippi at the age 79.
At age 19, Red Lucas pitched for Greenwood in 1921 and threw the no-hitter in the playoffs against Jackson. Lucas is a member of the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and was a teammate with Hughie Critz in Cincinnati. Following the playoffs with Greenwood, Lucas finished the 1921 season pitching in 4 games for his hometown Nashville Volunteers of the Southern Association.After making his major league debut with the New York Giants in 1923, Lucas pitched through 1939, winning 157 career games with a 3.74 ERA. Lucas had 202 career complete games and led the National League in complete games in 1929, 1930 and 1932. On May 25, 1935, the day Babe Ruth hit his last three homers, Lucas started the game for the Pittsburgh Pirates against the Boston Braves and gave up Ruth's 712th career home run before being removed from the game.
A strong hitter, Lucas was used as a pinch hitter a total of 505 times in his career, batting .261 in those instances. His 114 total career pinch hits ranks among the top totals for pinch hitters in Major | 663 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Amsterdam-Gloversville-Johnstown Jags was a primary moniker of the minor league baseball teams representing the cities of Amsterdam, New York, Gloversville, New York and Johnstown, New York between 1890 and 1908. The Amsterdam and Amsterdam-Gloversville-Johnstown teams played as members of the New York State League in 1894 and 1895 and from 1902 to 1908.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Jack Chesbro pitched for the 1895 Johnstown Buckskins.
The teams hosted minor league home games at JAG Park in Gloversville, New York and at Guy Park in Amsterdam, New York.
History.
Minor league baseball began in the cities in 1890, when the Johnstown–Gloversville team began play as members of the six–team Independent level New York State League. The team ended the season with a 46-46 record, placing fourth, while playing the season under manager John Case.
Minor league baseball began in Amsterdam in 1894, when the Amsterdam Carpet Tacks won the 1894 New York State League championship. Playing in the Class B level league, the Amsterdam Carpet Tacks finished the regular season with a final record of 30–21, playing under managers Walter Beebe, John Bartholomew and Bart Howard. Amsterdam finished 2.5 games ahead of the second place Poughkeepsie Bridge Citys and 3.5 games ahead of the third place Johnstown Buckskins in the six–team league final standings. Amsterdam pitcher Chauncey Baldwin led the league with 11 wins.
Amsterdam continued play in the 1895 New York State League. The Amsterdam Red Stockings finished with a record of 29–22, placing second in the final standings. Playing under manager Tom Donovan, Amsterdam ended the season mere percentage points behind the first place Binghamton Crickets in the final standings, as the league reduced from eight teams to four teams during the season. Gloversville and Johnstown both fielded teams to begin play in the 1895 league, with the Gloversville Glovers and Johnstown Buckskins teams both folding on July 4, 1895.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Jack Chesbro pitched for the 1895 Johnstown Buckskins in his first professional season.
The 1902 Amsterdam–Gloversville–Johnstown Jags resumed play as members of the Class B level New York State League. The "Jags" moniker derives from the first letter of each city. The 1902 Amsterdam–Gloversville–Johnstown Jags finished last in the New York State League final standings. The Jags had a record of 29–72, to place eighth in the league under the direction of manager Tommy Dowd. The Jags finished 37.0 games behind the first place Albany Senators. The team played home games at Guy Park in Amsterdam, New York.
The team switched monikers in 1903, as the Amsterdam–Gloversville–Johnstown Hypens continued play in the New York State League and again finished in last place. The 1903 Hyphens finished with a record of 41–82 under managers Doc Hazelton, Dan Shannon and Clyde Williams. The Hyphens finished 33.5 games behind the first place Schenectady Frog Alleys.
The 1904 Hyphens began playing at both JAG Park in Gloversville and Guy Park in Amsterdam. The 1904 Amsterdam-Johnstown-Gloversville Hyphens finished 65–61, placing fourth in the New York State League, playing the season under manager Howard Earl. The Hypens finished 21.5 games behind the first place Syracuse Stars in the final standings.
The Amsterdam–Gloversville–Johnstown Jags won the 1905 New York State League Championship. The Jags finished with a record of 71–51, placing first in the New York State League final standings, 0.5 games ahead of the 2nd place Syracuse Stars. Manager Howard Earl led the team to the championship.
The 1906 Amsterdam–Gloversville–Johnstown Jags had a regular season record of 66–68. The Jags placed fifth in the New York State League standings under returning manager Howard Earl, finishing 17.5 games behind the first place Scranton Miners.
The Amsterdam–Gloversville–Johnstown Jags finished last in the 1907 New York State League. Their record of 39–95, left the team eighth in the league under manager Howard Earl, finishing 42.5 games behind the first place Albany Senators.
The Amsterdam–Gloversville–Johnstown Jags relocated in 1908 and finished last in their final season. The Jags began the season with a 1–8 record, when they dropped Amsterdam from their franchise on May 18, 1908. The Gloversville-Johnstown Jags were 11–54 on July 22, 1908, when the franchise relocated to Elmira, New York, where they finished the season as the Elmira Colonels. The team finished in eighth place with a 36–104 overall record in 1908. The managers were Hank Ramsey and Louis Bacon, as the team finished 50.5 games behind the first place Scranton Miners.
The cities were without a minor league team until the 1938 Amsterdam Rugmakers and Gloversville-Johnstown Glovers teams began play as members of the Class C level Canadian-American League.
The ballparks.
The played minor league home games at Guy Park in Amsterdam, New York, for the duration of the Amsterdam franchises. Today, the site is the Guy Park State Historical Site.
In Gloversville, New York, the team played select home games at JAG Park. The ballpark was rebuilt and known as "A.J.& G Baseball Park" beginning in 1906. JAG Park was designed by F.L. Comstock and built by E.A. Satterlee for $3,088. The ballpark was built on six acres of land on Harrison Street, midway between Gloversville, New York and Johnstown, New York. Today, the ballpark is called Parkhurst Field and is still in use.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Newnan Brownies were a minor league baseball team based in Newnan, Georgia. From 1946 to 1950, the Brownies played as members of the Class D level Georgia–Alabama League, winning the 1949 league pennant and qualifying for the playoffs in all five seasons of play. The Brownies were preceded in Georgia–Alabama League play by the 1913 to 1916 Newnan Cowetas.
The Newnan Brownies teams hosted home minor league games at Pickett Field, which is still in use today, located within Lynch Park.
History.
The Brownies were preceded in minor league play by the Newnan Cowetas, who played from 1913 to 1916 as charter members of the Class D level Georgia–Alabama League, hosting home games at Lee Park.
In 1946, the Newnan "Brownies" began play as members of the six–team Class D level Georgia–Alabama League, which reformed, having last played in 1930. The Carrollton Hornets, LaGrange Troupers, Opelika Owls, Tallassee Indians and Valley Rebels teams joined Newnan in beginning league play on April 25, 1946.
In their first season of play, the Brownies placed fourth in the Georgia–Alabama League and qualified for the playoffs, which the team would do in all five seasons of play. Newnan ended the 1946 regular season with a record of 68–62, as George Nix and Lloyd Brown served as managers, after Brown was signed to relieve Nix as manager and pitch for the Brownies in May. The Brownies finished 7.0 games behind the first place Carrollton Hornets in the final regular season standings. In the playoffs, Valley defeated Newnan 3 games to 2 in their 1st round series. Newnan player/manager Lloyd Brown led the league with a 2.17 ERA and teammate John Johnson won 20 games with 138 strikeouts, to lead the league in both categories.
Continuing play in the 1947 Georgia–Alabama League, the Browns again qualified for the playoffs, as the league expanded to eight teams. The Cowetas ended the 1914 season with a record of 72–53, to place fourth in the standings of the eight–team league. Joe Abreu and John Westbrook served as managers, as Newnan finished 3.5 games behind the first place Carrollton Hornets in the final regular season standings. In the playoffs, the Opelika Owls defeated Newnan 3 games to 1 in the first round. Newnan's Paul Brock led the league with both 23 wins and 220 strikeouts.
At the home opener in 1948, Newnan Mayor Earl Joiner threw out the first pitch. In 1948, Norman Veazey managed the Brownies to a third place finish in the eight–team Georgia–Alabama League. Newnan ended the regular season with a 68–58 record, finishing 7.0 games behind the first place Valley Rebels. In the playoffs, Valley defeated Newnan 3 games to 1 in the first round, ending their season.
The 1949 Newnan Brownies won the pennant in the eight–team Alabama–Georgia League. Playing under manager Joe Schmidt season with a record of 74–52, finishing 7.0 games ahead of the second place Alexander City Millers. In the first round of the playoffs, Newnan defeated the Tallassee Cardinals 3 games to 2, before losing in the finals. Alexander City defeated the Brownies 4 games to 2 in the finals to win the league championship. Newnan had four league leaders in 1949: Player/manager Joe Schmidt with 108 RBI, Carl Franson with 28 Home Runs, John McFadden with both 21 wins and 180 strikeouts and Elmer Wallace with a 2.02 ERA.
In their final season, the 1950 Brownies finished in fourth place and qualified for the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season. With Joe Schmidt returning as manager, Newnan ended the season with a record of 62–60, finishing 11.0 games behind the first place La Grange Troupers in the final regular season standings. In their final games, Newnan was defeated by the Alexander City Millers 2 games to 0 in the first round of the playoffs.
The Georgia–Alabama League continued play in 1951, but without the Newnan Brownies franchise, as the league condensed to six teams, with the Carrollton Hornets also disbanding. Newnan has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The Newnan Cowetas hosted minor league home games exclusively at Pickett Field. The ballpark had a capacity of 3,500. Today, the Pickett Field is still in use as a baseball facility, with the ballpark site having been renovated in 2021. Pickett Field is located within Lynch Park on the corner of Duncan Street and Wesley Street in Newnan, Georgia.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Gastonia Rockets were a minor league baseball team based in Gastonia, North Carolina, United States. The Rockets played as members of the Class B level Tri-State League in 1952 and 1953, winning the 1952 league pennant before the team folded following the 1953 season. The Rockets were a minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox and hosted home games at Sims Legion Park, which is still in use today.
History.
Gastonia first hosted minor league baseball in 1923, when the Gastonia "Comers" played a partial season as members of the Class B level South Atlantic League. The Gastonia Rockets were immediately preceded in minor league play by the 1950 Gastonia "Browns," who played the season as members of the Class D level Western Carolina League, finishing last in the league standings with a record of 40-70.
In 1952, Gastonia resumed minor league play as a minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox, when the "Rockets" became members of the eight-team Class B level Tri-State League. Gastonia replaced the Greenwood Tigers franchise in joining the league. The Anderson Rebels, Asheville Tourists, Charlotte Hornets, Greenville Spinners, Knoxville Smokies, Rock Hill Chiefs and Spartanburg Peaches joined Gastonia in beginning league play on April 16, 1952.
The "Rockets" moniker corresponds to aviation history in Gastonia. In 1946, the Gastonia Airport was opened.
In their first season of league play, the Gastonia Rockets won the 1952 Tri-State League pennant. The Rockets ended the Tri-State League regular season with a record of 89-50, finishing first in the standings, 1.5 games ahead of the second place Charlotte Hornets. Hal Van Pelt served as the Gastonia manager. In the first round of the four-team playoffs, the Spartanburg Peaches defeated the Rockets three games to two. Alex Cosmidis of Gastonia scored 122 runs to lead the Tri-state league in that category.
The Rockets continued play as the 1953 Tri-State League reduced to six teams, in what proved to be the final season of the team. Gastonia did not qualify for the 1953 playoffs, as the Rockets placed fifth in the Tri-State League regular season standings with a 66–81 record. With Hal Van Pelt returning as manager, the Rockets ended the season 28.5 behind the first place Spartanburg Peaches. Gastonia was replaced by the Knoxville Smokies in the 1954 Tri-State League, after Knoxville had disbanded in 1953.
Gastonia, North Carolina next hosted minor league baseball in 1959, when the Gastonia Pirates played a partial season as members of the Class A level South Atlantic League.
The ballpark.
In their two seasons of play, the Gastonia Rockets hosted minor league home games at Sims Legion Park. The original ballpark was built in 1950, with a major renovation in 1977 and again in 2021. Still in use today, the ballpark is located at 1001 North Marietta Street.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Oneonta Red Sox were a minor league baseball team based in Oneonta, New York.
The first incarnation of the team played in the first New York–Pennsylvania League in 1924. On August of that year, the Utica Utes relocated to Oneonta to finish their season as the Oneonta Indians. In Oneonta, the club posted an 18–22 record. However prior to the next season, the club relocated to Shamokin, Pennsylvania, to become the Shamokin Shammies.
The second incarnation of the team can be traced back to 1940 when the Can-Am League's Cornwall Maple Leafs relocated to Oneonta and played their home games at Damaschke Field. The club played until 1942 as the Oneonta Indians, winning league titles in 1941 and 1942. However the league suspended operation until 1946, due to World War II. However the team did reemerge that season as the Red Sox. Throughout its entire history the second incarnation of the club was affiliated with the Boston Red Sox.
Frank Malzone played third base for one season in Oneonta in 1949 before moving up the minor league system. The club then won two more titles, in 1948 and in the league's final season of 1951.
In 1966 a new Oneonta Red Sox team was established and played in the Class A New York–Penn League.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Hoisington team was a minor league baseball team briefly based in Hoisington, Kansas. In 1905, the Hoisington team played as members of the Class D level Kansas State League, hosting home games at the Hoisington Base Ball Park. Hoisington began play after the Kingman team folded from the league.
History.
Hoisington, Kansas first hosted minor league baseball during the 1905 season. After beginning league play on June 15, 1905, as charter members of the six–team Class D level Kansas State League, the Kingman, Kansas folded on July 22, 1905. On July 22, 1905, the "Hoisington" team replaced Kingman and began Kansas State League play.
Beginning play in the charter season of the Class D level league, the Kingman/Hoisington team finished last. Ending the season with an overall record of 13–34 record, Kingman/Hoisington played under managers Ernie Quigley, Arthur DeWeese and Valerius. In the six–team league, the Kingman/Hoisington team placed sixth th and finished 20.0 games behind the 1st place Ellsworth team in the final Kansas State League standings. Ellsworth ended the season with a record 34–15 to finish in 1st place when the league ended play on August 8, 1905. Following in the standings were the Minneapolis Minnies, (24–22), Hutchinson Salt Miners (22–24), Lincoln Center (11–19) and Kingman/Hoisington (13–34). The Hoisington franchise folded following the 1905 season and did not return to the 1906 Kansas State League.
Hoisington, Kansas has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The 1905 Hoisington team hosted home minor league games at the Hoisington Base Ball Park. The ballpark was located at South Clay & South Center at West 1st & West 2nd Streets. The streets today correspond to the site of "Heritage Park," noted to be the "original" public park in Hoisington. Heritate Park is still in use as a public park. The location is 500 West 1st Street Hoisington, Kansas.
References.
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18152109 | The Sweetwater Swatters were a West Texas League (1920-1922) and Longhorn League (1949-1951) baseball team based in Sweetwater, Texas, United States. They began as the Gorman Buddies in 1920, however they moved to Sweetwater partway through the season.
Multiple major league baseball players spent time either player for or managing the team, including Guy Sturdy, Dick Gyselman, John Bottarini, Fred Besana, Pop-Boy Smith and Joe Bratcher.
References.
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18152109 | The Cleveland Green Sox were a baseball club based in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1913, the "Green Sox" became charter members of the Federal League. The Cleveland Green Sox were managed by Baseball Hall of Fame member Cy Young and played the 1913 season before the franchise was folded in a territorial battle. Finishing in second place, the 1913 Green Sox hosted Federal League home games at Luna Park.
The Green Sox franchise was ultimately forced out in Cleveland when the major league Cleveland Naps relocated their affiliate, the Toledo Mud Hens to Cleveland for the 1914 season and forced the Federal League to forfeit the team in Cleveland.
History.
In 1912, baseball promoter John T. Powers formed an independent professional league known as the Columbian League. However, the withdrawal of one of the organization's primary investors caused the league to fail before ever playing a game. Undaunted, Powers tried again the following year, creating a new league with teams in Chicago, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Covington, Kentucky. He named the organization the Federal League, and served as its first president.
Because it did not abide by the National Agreement on player payment in place in organized baseball, the Federal League was called an "outlaw league" by its competitors. The Federal League's "outlaw" status allowed it to recruit players from established clubs, and it attracted many current and former players from the major as well as minor leagues. Powers initially served as president, but he was soon replaced by James A. Gilmore.
The 1913 Federal League began play as a six–team minor league. The Cleveland franchise was named the Green Sox. Cleveland joined the Chicago Whales, Covington Blue Sox, Indianapolis Hoosiers, Pittsburgh Filipinos and St. Louis Terriers in beginning Federal League play on May 4, 1913.
The Cleveland Green Sox became the second baseball team in Cleveland, behind the American League's Cleveland Naps, today's Cleveland Guardians. The 1913 Green Sox were managed by the legendary pitcher Cy Young, namesake of the Cy Young Award. The Green Sox' franchise owner was Matthew Bramley, who was president of the local Cleveland Trinidad Paving Company, which at the time was the largest paving company in the world. The league played a 120-game inaugural season.
The Cleveland Green Sox hosted the very first Federal League game. The Federal League opener was held at Cleveland's Luna Park against the Covington Blue Sox.
In their only season of play, the 1913 Cleveland Green Sox finished in second place in the six–team Federal League standings. Cleveland ended the season with a 64–54 record, finishing 10.0 games behind the first place Indianapolis Hoosiers. The league held no playoffs. For the 46–year–old Cy Young, the 1913 season was his final managing position after a 511-win pitching career.
During the 1913 Federal League season, Gilmore replaced Powers as league president. The Federal League franchises, Cleveland included, were struggling financially and there was consideration given to folding the league. Gilmore convinced the league owners to continue the 1913 league and to play again in 1914. Gilmore aligned the Federal League with wealthy owners in Chicago, St. Louis and Brooklyn, but Cleveland was struggling being in the same city with the major league Cleveland Naps. Three other original Federal League franchises (St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Chicago) were in the same position of having to share their market. The Green Sox ended 1913 with financial losses.
Cleveland Green Sox owner Matthew Bramley had plans for the 1914 Cleveland Green Sox that never materialized. Bramley had an option for a piece of property on Euclid Avenue between East 47th and East 49th streets as a site for a new ballpark. But the financial obligations of building a new stadium, coupled with a Federal League franchise fee were major financial obstacles.
After the 1913 season, Cleveland did not return for the Federal League's 1914 season. Besides finances, a final factor was another team coming to Cleveland for the 1914 season. On February 16, 1914, Cleveland Naps owner Charles Somers formally announced that the minor league Toledo Mud Hens of the American Association (owned by Somers) were relocating to Cleveland to share League Park with the Cleveland Naps. This move was made by Somers to compete with the Federal League potential presence in Cleveland. With the new Cleveland Spiders being established as the second team in Cleveland, Bramley and the Federal League folded the 1914 Cleveland Green Sox franchise. The Green Sox were subsequently sold to Bernard Hepburn, who moved the franchise to Toronto, Ontario. There, the franchise became the Toronto Beavers playing in the 1914 Class B level Canadian League. The Federal League played as an eight–team major league in 1914, before permanently folding after the 1915 season amidst an antitrust lawsuit that eventually went to the Supreme Court of the United States.
The ballpark.
The 1913 Cleveland Green Sox reportedly played home games at Luna Park. Luna Park had been owned since 1908 by Green Sox owner Matthew Bramley. Luna Park was an amusement park and sports facility that was located on the east side of Cleveland in the Woodland Hills neighborhood. Luna Park opened in 1904. There was a chain of Luna Park amusement parks throughout the country, all built and opened by Frederick Ingersoll, owner of the Ingersoll Construction Company. Bramley purchased Luna Park from Frederick Ingersoll. The Cleveland Luna Park grew to include a 20,000 seat football field called the "Luna Bowl" and a baseball field.
After the Green Sox, Negro league baseball teams Cleveland Stars (1932), Cleveland Giants (1933), and Cleveland Red Sox (1934) also played at Luna Park. The short lived 1912 Cleveland Forest City club of the United States Baseball League had used Luna Park the year before the Green Sox. Luna Park was located on a 35-acre site bordered by Woodhill Road, East 110th Street, Woodland Avenue, and Ingersoll Avenue. Luna Park was greatly affected by the depression and prohibition, closing in 1938. Later, the site became home of the Woodhill Homes housing development, which was built in stages in the 1940's and still exists today.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Santa Clara Padres were a Minor League Baseball team in the Class A-Short Season California League, based in Santa Clara, California. The franchise played a single season as an independent club before moving north to become the Redwood Pioneers.
History.
The history of the Santa Clara Padres is entangled with the San Jose Missions. San Jose was without a team after the franchise playing as the AAA San Jose Missions were sold relocated to Ogden, Utah following the 1978. Joe Gagliardi, who had operated the Missions under a lease agreement, led a group that would place a California League team in San Jose. The expansion franchise signed a played development contract with the Seattle Mariners and brought the league to nine teams. Seeking an even ten team circuit, Gagliardi convinced Vallejo cardiologist Dr. Thomas Leonard to back another expansion club. From the onset the franchise faced challenges. Leonnard was unable to secure an affiliation with a major league team, relegating the team to operate as a co-op club. The California Angels, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland A’s, St. Louis Cardinals, Seattle Mariners and San Diego Padres provided players. The Padres even loaned their name to the team despite lack of true affiliation. The team even held open tryouts to fill out the roster. The club initially sought Vallejo and Santa Rosa as their home, but were turned away when it was evident that facility upgrades would not be ready in time for the season. The franchise settled in Santa Clara, which coincidentally neighbors San Jose were their expansion counterpart was located. Ultimately, the Missions front office assumed the Padres' front office operations.
The club's struggles continued on the field. The Padres lost twenty-one of their first twenty-two games. The team finished the year in last place in their division with a record of 47-93. Without a true how venue the club's woes continued at the gate. It was common for the games to have less than fifty fans in the stands. The Padres attendance for the year fell shy of twenty thousand.
Following the season owner Thomas Leonard began seeking a new home for his team. Leonard reached an agreement with Rohnert Park city leaders that included funding for new stadium. The franchise relocated to Rohnert Park, taking the name Redwood Pioneers.
Ballpark.
The Padres home facility was the venerable Washington Park. Built in 1935 the park had a capacity just over one thousand. However, due to scheduling conflicts, only twenty dates were available for the team. The Padres were forced to use San Jose Municipal Stadium as the site of the majority of their "home" games.
Notable players.
Joe Maddon ;br ;Ron Tingley
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 671 | [
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595,
128,
488,
602,
384,
171,
173,
41,
324,
319,
213,
522,
413,
403,
605,
110,
146
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] |
18152109 | The Mount Rainier Professional Baseball League was an independent, professional baseball league located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Operating in cities not served by Major League Baseball or their minor-league affiliates, the MRPBL had six franchise teams spread throughout the states of Washington, Oregon, and Montana.
Founded in 2014, the league was divided into an Eastern and Western Division, with each team playing a 68-game regular-season schedule lasting from May through August.
Play ceased early on in the inaugural, 2015 season because the league was experiencing substantial financial difficulty. Owner and commissioner Mike Greene admitted that he was unprepared for the challenges of running the league. According to a press release, the league required an average of 300 fans per game in order to remain solvent. The league had trouble finding host families for players. Some teams' uniforms were not ready by the start of the season and they resorted to wearing other team's uniforms. Greene offered to grant free franchise rights to any potential owners and estimated that it would require an investment of approximately $70,000 in order to get a new team off the ground.
On June 1, 2015, the league issued a press release announcing that it would contract from six to four teams. Players from the remaining teams would be granted release from their contracts upon request and players on eliminated teams would be reassigned to the remaining teams, which would potentially require expanding the roster sizes. However, in the same press release, the league announced that the remaining teams' rosters would feature 24 players as opposed to the 25-man rosters the league had previously employed.
The teams folded soon afterwards as the league fell apart amid reports of players not being paid and teams not having gas money to travel to games. Only eight games were played during the abbreviated season.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Cocoa Tigers were a minor league baseball team based in Cocoa, Florida in the 1964 season. The Cocoa Tigers played exclusively as members of the four–team Rookie level Cocoa Rookie League, with all league games played at the Cocoa Expo Sports Center. The Cocoa Tigers were a minor league affiliate of the Detroit Tigers in 1964 and placed fourth in the standings.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Jim Leyland played for the Cocoa Tigers.
History.
The Cocoa Rookie League began play in the 1964 season, with all games based in Cocoa, Florida. The Cocoa "Tigers" became members of the four–team Rookie level Cocoa Rookie League. The Cocoa Colts, Cocoa Mets and Melbourne Twins joined the Cocoa Tigers in the four–team league, beginning league play on July 1, 1964.
On July 4, 1964, The Tigers were on the losing end as Melbourne Twins' pitchers Jerry Lyscio and Gene Melton threw a combined 7–inning no-hitter in a 2–0 victory over the Cocoa Tigers.
In their only season of play, the Cocoa Tigers finished last in the Cocoa Rookie League final standings. With a record of 17–33, playing under manager Doc Daugherty, the Tigers placed fourth and finished 16.0 games the first place Melbourne Twins (34–18) in the final regular season standings, as the league had no playoffs. The Tigers also finished behind the second place Cocoa Mets (28–22) and third place Cocoa Colts (23–29). Cocoa Tiger player Lawrence Seneta won the Cocoa Rookie League batting title with a .383 batting average. Seneta also led the league with 52 total hits.
The complex–based Tigers and other 1964 Cocoa Rookie League teams did not charge paid admission to games and individual attendance records were not kept. The league drew 1,683 total fans for the season. The Cocoa Rookie League folded after one season of play.
In the following season, Cocoa, Florida hosted the Cocoa Astros, who began play as members of the 1965 Class A level Florida State League.
The ballparks.
The Cocoa Rookie League teams played games at the Cocoa Expo Sports Center. The facility was built in 1964 and initially hosted the Houston Astros spring training. Still in use today, the complex is located at 500 Friday Road, Cocoa, Florida.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Lagoon Farmers was the initial moniker of the minor league baseball teams based in Farmington, Utah, on the private grounds of the Lagoon Amusement Park, in 1901 and 1902. Lagoon teams played as members of the 1901 Inter-Mountain League and 1902 Utah State League.
History.
Lagoon first began play in 1901, becoming members of the Inter-Mountain League during the season. The Inter-Mountain League was an independent minor league baseball league. The league played in the 1901 season and fielded four clubs, all in Utah, with Farmington, Utah/Lagoon joining teams from Ogden, Utah, Park City, Utah and Salt Lake City, Utah in league play.
On June 8, 1901, the Railway Ducks, with a 5–7 record, sold the franchise to the owner of the Lagoon Resort. The Salt Lake City based Railway Ducks relocated to become the "Lagoon Farmers."
In the final 1901 standings, the Lagoon Farmers finished in third place. The Ogden Lobsters won the championship with a 31–10 record, followed by the Salt Lake City White Wings (26–15), Railway Ducks / Lagoon Farmers (23–19) and Park City Miners (3–39). Park City folded during the season and the rest of their scheduled games were forfeited, as reflected in the final standings. The Railway/Lagoon team was managed by James Clippinger and John Crichlow and finished 8.5 games behind the first place Ogden Lobsters in the final standings. Lagoon pitcher Harry Newmeyer led the Inter-Mountain League with 129 strikeouts.
The Lagoon team continued play in 1902, as the Utah State League formed and began minor league play as an Independent four–team league. The Utah State League was formed with teams in Lagoon, Utah, Logan, Utah, Ogden, Utah and Salt Lake City, Utah teams as the charter members. Lagoon was managed by Farmer Weaver and the 1902 team has no referenced moniker.
The Utah State League permanently folded as a minor league after the 1902 season. The team records and standings for the 1902 league are unknown, but rosters exist. Lagoon/Farmington has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
Lagoon teams were noted to have played minor league home games on the Lagoon Resort grounds. A 1911 map shows the ballpark next to the "Lagoon Summer Resort & Picnic Grounds". The site is still a resort and amusement park today, located in Farmington, Utah.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ;
External links.
Lagoon - Baseball Reference | 674 | [
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] | 45 | [
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Yazoo City Zoos were a minor league baseball team based in Yazoo City, Mississippi. Between 1904 and 1912, the Yazoo City Zoos played as members of two Class D level leagues, the 1904 Delta League and the Cotton States League from 1910 to 1912.
History.
1904: Delta League.
The 1904 Yazoo City Zoos were the first minor league team based in Yazoo City. Playing the 1904 season under manager Harry Wilson, the Zoos became charter members of the Class D level Delta League. The Delta League League began the season with four charter league teams, as the Brookhaven, MS (Brookhaven), Clarksdale, MS (Clarksdale), Jackson Senators teams joined the Yazoo City Zoos as the charter members in. On May 16, 1904, the league expanded to sis teams, as franchises from Canton, MS (Canton) and Hattiesburg, MS (Hattiesburg) were added to the league after the season started.
The Yazoo City Zoos finished in second place when the season ended on September 3, 1904. The final Delta League standings featured the first place Clarksdale team with a record of 67–31, finishing 4.0 games ahead of the second place Yazoo City Zoos who had a record of 62–34. They were followed in the standings by Canton (43–45), the Jackson Senators (47–53), Hattiesburg (36–49) and Brookhaven (27–70) in the six–team league. The league did not have playoffs in 1904.
On June 13, 1904 in a Delta League game, Yahoo City was on the losing end of a no-hitter thrown by William Beeker of Clarksdale in a 6–0 Clarksdale victory.
It was reported that Yazoo City pitcher James Baxter Sparks set a professional baseball record by winning 21 consecutive games in 1904. It was noted that Sparks also threw a no-hitter against Clarksdale during the winning streak, with the game occurring on August 27, 1904, in a 1–0 Yazoo City victory.
The Delta League permanently folded after playing their only season in 1904. It is possible the league formed in 1905, but no teams or statistics are known for a 1905 Delta League season.
1910 to 1912: Cotton States League.
In 1910, the Yazoo city Zoos returned to minor league play, becoming members of the six-team, Class D level Cotton States League. With a 44–62 record, the team placed fourth in the six-team league, playing the season under manager Walter Hickey. The 1910 team is referred to as the "ZuZus" in some references. Yazoo City finished 26.5 games behind the first place Greenwood Scouts in the final standings.
The Yazoo City Zoos team continued Cotton States League play in 1911. With a 60–54 record, the Zoos placed third under manager Dom Mullaney, finishing 12.5 games behind the first place Vicksburg Hill Billies in the six–team league. The Yazoo City team folded from the Cotton States League after the 1911 season.
In their final season, the 1912 Yazoo City Zoos began the season without a team, then briefly returned to play before folding. On May 9, 1912, the New Orleans Little Pels of the Cotton States League moved to Yazoo City with a 14–9 record. On August 3, 1912, the team had a 27–45 record in Yazoo City and a 41–57 overall record under manager Gene DeMontreville when the franchise permanently disbanded, before the season had concluded.
Yazoo City, Mississippi has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The name of the Yazoo City home minor league ballpark is not directly referenced.
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Lawrenceville Cardinals were a minor league baseball team based in Lawrenceville, Virginia. In 1948 and 1949, Lawrenceville played as members of the Class D level Virginia League, with the team finishing last in both seasons of league play. The 1948 Cardinals were a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals, with the team becoming the "Robins" in 1949. Lawrenceville hosted minor league home games at Lawrenceville City Stadium, known today as Sonny Wholey Memorial Park.
History.
Beginning in 1935, the Lawrenceville "Green Sox" played as a local independent team. Lawrenceville had refused to host a team in the Virginia League, because the league played games on Saturday and Sunday.
In 1948, the Lawrenceville "Cardinals" became members of the reformed six–team, Class D level Virginia League. The Blackstone Barristers, Emporia Nationals, Franklin Cubs, Petersburg Generals and Suffolk Goobers teams joined Lawrenceville in beginning league play on April 23, 1948.
In 1948, the Cardinals played as a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals.
After a poor start, the qualify of the Lawrenceville Cardinals roster was a topic of discussion at the April 28, 1948 Lawrenceville Chamber of Commerce meeting. L.J Lucy, who was chairman of the "baseball committee" reported that measures were being taken to improve the caliber of the team through "new help."
St. Louis Cardinals Baseball Hall of Fame players Enos Slaughter and Red Schoendienst had brothers who played for the 1948 Lawrenceville Cardinals. Joe Schoendienst and Robert Slaughter were members of the team, with Joe Schoendienst hitting .241 and Robert Slaughter .134.
In their first season of play, the Lawrenceville Cardinals finished last in the 1948 Virginia League regular season and had three managers during the season. The Cardinals ended the regular season with a record of 39–98, plccing sixth in the standings and ending the season 45.0 games behind the first place Suffolk Goobers. John Pruett, Bob Comiskey and George Shearin served as managers during the Cardinals' season. Hosting home games at City Stadium, the Cardinals were last in league total home attendance.
Lawrenceville played a final season as the "Robins" in 1949, with the team again finishing last in the six–team Virginia League regular season, playing under five managers. Lawrenceville finished the 1949 season with a record of 45–76, placing sixth in the Virginia League regular season standings. Playing under managers Claude Weaver, Glenn Titus, James Meyer, Garland Braxton and Walter Wholey, the Robins finished the regular season 31.5 games behind the first place Franklin Kildees in the regular season standings, missing the playoffs. Lawrenceville folded following the season, after finishing last in the league in home attendance.
The Virginia League continued play in 1950, with the Elizabeth City Albemarles franchise replacing Lawrenceville in the six-team league. Lawrenceville, Virginia has not hosted another minor league team.
The ballpark.
The Lawrenceville teams hosted home minor league home games at Lawrenceville City Stadium, which had a capacity of 2,100. The ballpark was built in 1935 and is still in use today. The ballpark lies within the Lawrenceville Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. The stadium was later named for Walter "Sonny" Wholey, who had managed the 1949 Robins. Wholey remained in Lawrenceville and became an educator and a youth coach. Today, the park is known as Sonny Wholey Memorial Park, located at 102 Tobacco Street in Lawrenceville.
Notable alumni.
Garland Braxton (1949, MGR)
References.
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18152109 | Minor league baseball team ;templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/ ;
The Grand Rapids Baseball Club was a minor league baseball team based in Grand Rapids, Michigan that played under several different names at various times between 1883 and 1951. In the 1890s, they played in the Western League, a minor league precursor to what is now the American League of Major League Baseball, before moving to Cleveland in 1900 and becoming the present-day Cleveland Guardians. Later Grand Rapids teams played mostly in the Central League but also in various other Michigan-based leagues.
After a long minor league hiatus in Grand Rapids, the West Michigan Whitecaps of the Midwest League began play in Comstock Park, Michigan, just outside Grand Rapids, in 1994.
The ballparks.
Early Grand Rapids teams played at Recreation Park for weekdays games and at Alger Park on Reeds Lake for the weekends. Later, the teams played at Bigelow Field on South Division Avenue. A McDonald's restaurant occupies a portion of the site today.
Notable alumni.
;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ;
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 677 | [
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18152109 | American baseball umpire (1892-1974)
George McKinley Barr (July 19, 1892 – July 26, 1974) was an American professional baseball umpire who was a pioneer in umpiring instruction. Barr worked in the National League from 1931 to 1949. Barr umpired 2,757 major league games in his 19-year career. He umpired in four World Series (1937, 1942, 1948, 1949) and two All-Star Games (1937 and 1944). Barr was the founder of the George Barr Umpire School, the earliest umpire training school and author of the first book on umpiring. Barr was a pioneer in using the inside chest protector.
Early life.
Barr was born in Scammon, Kansas, on July 19, 1892. When he arrived in Tulsa as a young man in 1915, he is said to have had only ten cents to his name. While working as a stadium usher in 1923, Barr got his first opportunity to umpire when one of the arbiters was a no-show for a game. He was hired to the Western Association for the following year.
Umpire career.
After two seasons in the Western Association (1924–25), Barr moved to the Texas League in 1926 and stayed for several seasons. In August 1931, Barr was promoted to the Major Leagues. In 1933, he was Ernie Quigley's partner when Quigley sustained an electric shock while dressing after the game and was left unconscious; Quigley recovered without incident. Barr Umpired in the 1937 and 1944 All-Star Games and the 1937, 1942, 1948 and 1949 World Series. The 1937 All-Star Game was one in which pitcher Dizzy Dean sustained a toe injury that negatively affected the rest of his career.
The following year, on June 15, 1938, Barr worked as the First Base Umpire for an unprecedented event in baseball history, as the Reds' Johnny Vander Meer threw a second consecutive no-hitter at Ebbets Field. Vander Meer is the only pitcher in major league history to throw back-to-back no-hitters. It was also the first major league no-hitter pitched in a night-game. Barr worked Home Plate in Babe Ruth's last game in 1935.
Barr was the home plate umpire on September 28, 1938, when the Cubs' Gabby Hartnett hit the famous "Homer in the Gloamin" at Wrigley Field. With darkness descending, Barr had earlier ruled that the Cubs and Pirates would play one more inning, leading to Hartnett's game-winning home run with two on and two outs in the bottom on the 9th inning to win the game 6–5 and put the Cubs in 1st place. Being mobbed by players and fans in circling the bases, Hartntett recalled Barr making sure he touched home plate.
On May 27, 1942, Barr called a balk on Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Johnny Allen, who then rushed Barr, knocking him to his knees. Allen was suspended 30 days and fined for his physical confrontation of Barr.
On September 11, 1946, Barr umpired a 19-inning scoreless tie between Brooklyn and Cincinnati that remains the longest scoreless game in history. On September 18, 1946, at the Polo Grounds Barr collapsed from a heart attack during a New York-Chicago game, but he recovered to resume umpiring again.
On September 28, 1948, Barr was the Home Plate Umpire as Jackie Robinson stole home in a 9–8 Dodgers victory over the Boston Braves. The next day, Barr famously ejected Braves player Connie Ryan in the second game of a double header for appearing in the on deck circle wearing a raincoat on a rainy day. After umpiring in the 1948 World Series, Barr was briefly confined at home under a physician's care for an undisclosed illness.
Barr was the first-base umpire in a three-man crew during the second game of an August 21, 1949, doubleheader between the Phillies and Giants at Philadelphia's Shibe Park. In the top of the ninth inning, Barr ruled that Phillies' center fielder Richie Ashburn had trapped rather than caught a fly ball hit by New York's Joe Lafata. Thus, an apparent out was turned into an RBI double for the visitors. Fans reacted by repeatedly throwing fruit and bottles at the umpires causing them to abandon the field for their safety. The game was ruled a forfeit win for New York. Bottles were soon banned from being sold at Shibe Park and soon the rest of baseball followed.
Barr retired from MLB umpiring in January, 1950. He later served as president of the Western Association, Sooner State League and the Kansas–Oklahoma–Missouri League, lower-level minor leagues that would both fold in that decade.
He was active with Babe Ruth League Baseball, serving as an international director for 14 years and helping to start the league in Europe.
1962, Barr was appointed to run the Oklahoma American Legion junior baseball program.
George Barr Umpire School.
In 1935, Barr founded the first umpire training school. At first located in Hot Springs, Arkansas, Barr's Umpire School operated in conjunction with the Roy Doan Baseball School (1935–38) and the Rogers Hornsby Baseball College (1939-1952), which drew hundreds of youth students. The Umpire School was held at Whittington Park, along with other venues in Hot Springs: Fogel Field and Majestic Park. Later, Barr would move the school would move to Florida, where he operated it until 1967. Future major league umpires Bill McKinley, Scotty Robb, Bob Engel, Ken Burkhart and Dick Stello were students at Barr's school.
Barr prided himself on his school's tough standards. "We will tolerate no drinking, gambling or whistling at girls," Barr said in 1949. He instituted a system of 10 cent fines, paid to the hotel's waitresses, for student mistakes or silly questions. After his MLB retirement, Barr continued to operate the school well into the 1960s, after moving the school to Florida.
Barr also took his instruction out of the United States, holding Umpiring clinics in Canada, Germany, Puerto Rico, Korea and Japan.
History/Media.
Barr donated memorabilia from the Umpire School and his umpiring career. The items are on display at the Oklahoma Sports Hall of Fame in Guthrie, Oklahoma. Included is a "rare display" of autographed baseballs.
The George Barr Umpire School was featured in the March 10, 1947, issue of Life Magazine. Included was a photo of Barr in long underwear.
The New York Historical Society Museum and Library said the following of Barr: "Few men have contributed as much conceptually to major league umpiring as George McKinley Barr, who umpired in the N.L. for 19 seasons (1931-49). In 1935, Barr opened the first umpiring school in Hot Springs, Ark., then wrote the first textbook about umpiring, and later served as president of two minor leagues, where he emphasized umpire training. He operated his umpire school until 1967 while serving as president of the Western Association (1953-54) and the Sooner State League (1956-57). Called up in August 1931, Barr umpired four World Series and is the last umpire to get Series assignments in consecutive years (1948-49). He worked the Subway Series of 1937 and the 1942 Fall Classic."
Author.
Barr Authored the book Baseball Umpiring in 1952. It was the first book to comprehensively address Umpiring.
Barr previously had written a section on Umpiring in The Sporting News 1951 soft cover book: How to Play Baseball. The Book had the following authors on topics: "Pitching by Larry Jansen; Catching by Ray Schalk; Batting by Rogers Hornsby; Base Running by Bernie DeViveiros; First Base by George Sisler; Second Base by Rogers Hornsby; Shortstop by Honus Wagner; Third Base by George Kell; Outfield by Joe DiMaggio; and How to Umpire by George Barr."
Barr first addressed Umpiring in print when he wrote "You can't Kill the Umpire" for Baseball Digest, in the May 6, 1947, edition.
Personal life.
In 1925, Barr married Mary Elizabeth de Vaughn. She died in 1958. In 1961 Barr married Ardis Nott. The couple had no children. Barr donated his baseball memorabilia to the Seminole Community College Library. The items have since been placed in the Oklahoma Sports Hall of Fame.
Death.
Barr died on July 26, 1974, in Sulphur, Oklahoma, of heart disease. Barr had reportedly been in poor health for the previous two years.
Awards and honors.
Barr was inducted into the Oklahoma Sports Hall of Fame in 1963.
In 1969, George McKinley Barr was inducted into the Babe Ruth League Baseball Hall of Fame.
References.
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47035441 | Canadian indie rock/pop band
Kasador is a Canadian indie rock band originating from Kingston, Ontario. The four-piece band was formed in 2012, and was known as the Will Hunter Band until changing the group's name in early 2015. Members as of January 2024 are Cam Wyatt, Thomas Draper, Boris Baker, and Stephen Adubofuor.
History.
Lead vocalist and guitarist Will Hunter started his musical career playing solo acoustic sets in the Kingston area while he was a student at Queen's University. He sought out other musicians and founded the band in 2012 with original drummer and bassist Don Pineapple and Colin Simonds. Fellow Queen's students Boris Baker (bass) and Cam Wyatt (lead guitar) joined what was then known as the Will Hunter Band; other musicians also performed. The group initially performed at venues in and around Queen's University.
In August 2014, they released a five-song EP titled "Last Summer", recorded at Bathouse Recording Studio. The band started touring through Southern and Eastern Ontario, and was slotted as the opening act for headliners such as The Stringers.
In 2015, the band announced they were now performing as "Kasador". Lead vocalist Will Hunter said that the change in name was to reflect that this was a band rather than a group of musicians supporting a lead singer. The new band name was chosen because it is a variant of the Spanish word "cazador", which means "hunter", and is a nod to the former name of the band.
Shortly after the name change, Nick Babcock joined the band on keyboards. Pineapple left the band in early 2016, and was replaced on drums by Angus Fay. Despite the changes in personnel, Kasador continued to tour as both support and headlining performers in Ontario, Quebec and the U.S. through 2015 until the summer of 2016. The band then returned to Bathouse Studio to record an eponymous six-song EP, which was produced by Nyles Spencer.
The "Kasador" EP was released in September 2016. Alan Cross included "Neighbourhood", in his "Top 11" playlist for the week of September 16, 2016; the song had been released as a single with accompanying video in January 2016. A second video accompanied the release of "Talk About It". The band donated the proceeds from one month's downloads of the song "Never Alone", as well as a portion of ticket sales, to "jack.org", a chapter-based organization providing mental health support to students. The release was supported by tours in Canada and the U.S.
On January 1, 2017, "The Strombo Show" presented a four-hour special edition celebrating the 30th anniversary of The Tragically Hip's first release. Kasador was one of the groups selected to cover a Tragically Hip song, performing "So Hard Done By" on the program, which was broadcast nationally on CBC Radio 2. George Strombolopoulos, the host of the show, noted the familial relationship between The Tragically Hip and Kasador: Boris Baker is the son of Hip lead guitarist Rob Baker, and Angus Fay is the nephew of Hip drummer Johnny Fay.
Spring 2017 saw another change in the band's line-up, with Angus Fay leaving and Julien Laferrière taking over the drums. Following a year of touring in Canada and the U.S. supporting their EP, the band released two new songs in October 2017. "Come Get Yer Money", which is a reflection on the political frustration observed by the band, was released in tandem with the announcement of their Fall 2017 tour of Ontario and the northeast U.S. "Skeleton Park" was selected as "Song of the Day" by Toronto-based Live in Limbo. In a review of Kasador's live performance at Mills Hardware, Soundzine described "Skeleton Park" as "beautifully haunting".
There were further personnel changes in 2018, with Stephen Adubofuor assuming responsibility for the drums, and Nick Babcock leaving the group. In early 2019, the band announced that it had completed its first full-length album, "Brood & Bloom", scheduled for release in Fall 2019. The plan was for the album to include the two songs released in October 2017; it is produced by Graham Walsh, Rob Baker and Gord Sinclair.
Kasador toured to promote "Brood & Bloom" in late 2019 and early 2020. Will Hunter informed the band that he would stop performing at the end of the tour, although he would support the band behind the scenes. Their planned North American tour was cut short by the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, and Hunter left shortly thereafter. Wyatt, Baker and Adubofuor continued to write and rehearse together through the pandemic. In March 2021, Jonas Lewis-Anthony joined them in writing; Lewis-Anthony is the lead singer of Kingston indie band The Wilderness. In July 2021, the group returned to the recording studio with Lewis-Anthony, and he was invited to become a full member. Kasador announced the change in personnel in September 2021. By January 2023, Lewis-Anthony was no longer part of the band, but would continue to perform with them occasionally. The band consists of Wyatt, Baker, Draper and Adubofuor as of 2024.
"Brood & Bloom".
On October 4, 2019, Kasador released their first full album, entitled "Brood & Bloom". The 12-track album was recorded during 2017 and 2018 at Bathouse Recording Studio, during which time the band's composition underwent several changes, with Babcock and Laferrière leaving the band, and new drummer Adubofuor joining. The band also went from five to four members. The album tracks include performances by both Laferrière and Babcock, including a track ("Pinched Nerve") where Babcock sings lead vocals. Lead vocals were shared between Will Hunter and Cameron Wyatt. The writing credits for all songs are attributed to "Kasador" rather than to individuals. Production was by Graham Walsh (who also played keyboards on five songs), Rob Baker and Gordon Sinclair; Nyles Spencer also produced three songs, and engineered the album.
The title single was released prior to the album, and reached #27 on the Canadian alternative radio chart and #37 on the Canadian rock radio chart. According to the Kingston Herald, this meant "Kasador [was] the only independent band in the top 40 at the time."
A Journal of Musical Things published an extensive review of the album, saying, "This album has substance. It has weight. And it’s incredible. " The review went on to discuss each track in the album, and stated that the band "is standing firmly on the edge of something massive".
"Youth".
In January 2023, Kasador announced the coming release of their new EP, "Youth". The songs were developed from writing sessions that took place during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. They began to work with Brett Emmons, fellow Kingston musician and lead singer of The Glorious Sons. The first single, also named "Youth," was released in January 2023, and the full EP was released later in 2023.
References.
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16780614 | The Sporting Lucas Terrier is a small breed of dog of the terrier type. The breed is named for Jocelyn Lucas.
Appearance.
A short-legged working terrier that must be small and narrow enough in the chest to go to ground when required. About twelve inches at the withers, and about 15 lbs. in weight. The harsh shaggy coat is white with dark patches, or various combinations of brown, black and tan or grizzle and tan.
History.
The Sporting Lucas Terrier was developed in Scotland (firstly in Mey, Caithness and later in Abington, South Lanarkshire) from the Lucas Terrier, the Jack Russell Terrier, and various Fell Terriers by Brian Plummer in the 1990s, in an effort to create a good working terrier. In 1999 the Lucas Terrier Club de-listed all of Brian Plummer's dogs as they "did not want infusions of other terrier types introduced into their bloodlines". Breed clubs were then set up for Plummer's dog, and it became the Sporting Lucas Terrier, despite the fact that the connection to the original Lucas terrier is tenuous.
The "Lucas Terrier" was created by Major Jocelyn Lucas in the late 1940s, in an effort to breed a Sealyham Terrier that could go to ground, from Sealyhams and Norfolk Terriers. With more than 500 individuals in the UK, it is primarily a pet in that country. However, in the United States there is a concerted effort to return the Lucas Terrier to the small, workmanlike dog of its origin, and it is increasingly found at sporting trials.
Another breed of terrier developed by Brian Plummer is the Plummer Terrier. It is similar, but bull terrier was also used, and the dog developed a reputation for quarrelsomeness.
Recognition.
Of the major kennel clubs in the English-speaking world, only the United Kennel Club (US) recognises the Sporting Lucas Terrier, in their Terrier Group. It may also be recognised by any of the very large number of specialty dog clubs, dog sports clubs, minor registries, and internet based breed registry businesses.
References.
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48491895 | Shah Ali Banda is a neighbourhood in Hyderabad, India. It forms a part of the Old City, Hyderabad in an area located close to Charminar. It is about 2 kilometers south of the Charminar. It is also home to famous Princess Esra hospital. Sitara Medical Center, notable for providing free medical service to the needy is also situated here.
The Shah Ali Banda Clock Tower is located here.
History.
Shah Ali Banda: A Historical Overview
Shah Ali Banda, located in the southern part of Hyderabad, was a significant military and administrative hub during the Qutb Shahi period and beyond. This area housed prominent military establishments, particularly those of the Sunni Muslim Paigahs and their Gaur Kayasth serrishtahdars, who managed military and household units. Early Kayasths in the region, including families like the Saksenas and Srivastavas, were primarily military personnel, reflecting the area's martial legacy.
Historically, Shah Ali Banda was bounded by the city walls to the east and south, making it an integral part of the old city's defense and administration. The locality was home to notable establishments, such as those of Raja Rae Rayan and Raja Chandu Lal, who played crucial roles in revenue and administrative functions.
In the eighteenth century, the area served as military quarters, later shifting southward in the nineteenth century as the city expanded. Notably, the Royal Dairy was situated here during the Qutb Shahi rule, and the area remained a center for various production and service enterprises, including tanneries, salt-making pits, and the Hyderabad Mint.
Shah Ali Banda was a melting pot of cultures and economic backgrounds. While grand residences of Hindu and Muslim nobles stood prominently, smaller communities of artisans, traders, and laborers thrived alongside them. The locality was also known for its courtesans, with legends connecting it to figures like Bhagmati, whose story is intertwined with the founding of Hyderabad.
The military influence in Shah Ali Banda was pronounced, with many nobles and commanders associated with its establishments. The area featured a diverse population, including Maharashtrian and Telugu Brahmans, who managed troop units, reflecting the complex social fabric of this historic locality.
Transport.
Shah Ali Banda is well connected by buses run by TSRTC due to its proximity to Charminar. The closest MMTS train stations are located at Uppuguda and Yakatpura.
There are Numbers of Temples,Mosque In "Shah Ali Banda"
But Popular are Akanna Madanna Temple & Allah Masjid at X rd of Shah Ali Banda.
Restaurants.
Shah Ali Banda is famous for its restaurants, offering Hyderabadi cuisine, such as Pista House and Shah Ghouse Café are famous for Haleem in Ramazan & Briyani.
There are Many Fast Food Shops,Matwale Lassi opp to Princess Asra Hospital is so popular in Lassi & Faluda.
References.
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47606765 | Sporting event delegation
Nigeria first participated in the Olympic Games in 1952, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the boycotted 1976 Summer Olympics. The nation participated in the Winter Olympic Games in 2018, having qualified female athletes in bobsleigh and skeleton.
Nigerian athletes have won a total of 27 medals, mostly in athletics and boxing. The national football team won the gold medal in 1996. In 2008, following the International Olympic Committee's decision to strip the American 4 × 400 metre relay team of their medals from the 2000 Summer Olympics after Antonio Pettigrew confessed to using performance-enhancing drugs, their Nigerian rivals were awarded the gold medal.
Nigeria also won a medal in the heavyweight division of taekwondo at the 1992 Summer Olympics; as this was only a demonstration sport, Emmanuel Oghenejobo's silver did not count as an official win.
The Nigeria Olympic Committee, the National Olympic Committee for Nigeria, was created in 1951.
Medal tables.
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References.
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35931036 | Munith is an unincorporated community in northeast Jackson County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located along M-106 on the boundary between Waterloo Township and Henrietta Township at .
The ZIP Code is 49259 and serves portions of both Henrietta and Waterloo townships.
In addition to the post office, there is a township hall, a cemetery, a gas station/convenience store, the headquarters of Farmers State Bank (member FDIC and an equal housing lender), and zero stoplights. The Munith area is served by the Stockbridge Community Schools, Northwest Community Schools, and East Jackson Community Schools. The community is home to two Christian congregations: Munith United Methodist Church on Main Street and Jeruel Baptist Church on M-106.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 683 | [
684
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35931036 | ;templatestyles src="Infobox road/styles.css" / ;
Oklahoma has an extensive turnpike system, maintained by the state government through the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority. All of Oklahoma's turnpikes are controlled-access highways. The majority have at least four lanes, though the Chickasaw Turnpike is two lanes.
Tolls on Oklahoma's turnpikes are collected through several methods, particular to each turnpike, involving mainline plazas. Tolls can either be paid by mail or through the Pikepass transponder system. In place of cash collection booths, PlatePay, a cashless pay-by-mail system, operates on all of the state's turnpikes, including the Kilpatrick Turnpike, Kickapoo Turnpike, and Creek Turnpike. As of November 2024, the entire turnpike system is cashless; the last toll booths at the Will Rogers Turnpike closed as part of the transition to PlatePay.
Turnpikes.
Surveyed but not built.
Shortly after the Turner Turnpike was built in 1953, the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority proposed other toll roads including one to be built from Oklahoma City north to the Kansas border near Braman to tie in with the southern terminus of the Kansas Turnpike at the state line. That routing was included as part of the Federal Highway Act of 1956 which created the Interstate Highway System. As a result, the OTA could not obtain financing to build that proposed turnpike and turned the initial plans including surveys and blueprints over to the Oklahoma Department of Transportation in 1956 for the construction of I-35 as a freeway on that same alignment, which was completed in several stages between 1958 and 1962.
Also proposed but never built was a toll road roughly following what would later become I-35 between Oklahoma City and the Red River north of Gainesville, Texas that included a spur route veering from the main route north of Ardmore veering northeastward past Ada to tie in with the Turner Turnpike near Stroud, Oklahoma.
Also proposed in the 1990s, but never built was an extension of the Muskogee Turnpike from its current southeastern terminus at I-40 southeastward toward Poteau.
Payment methods.
Pikepass.
Pikepass is the electronic toll collection system used by the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority. Created in 1990 and launched on January 1, 1991, Pikepass provides an alternative to paying cash tolls. Most customers pay an initial $40 in prepaid tolls, which they can refill at their own convenience or have funds automatically withdrawn to replenish the account if it falls below a threshold. Pikepass usage results in a 5% savings up front and customers with 20 or more uses of the Pikepass receive a credit of 5% of their toll charges for that month.
Interoperability.
As of June 2024, Pikepass can be used on all turnpikes in Kansas, Texas and most turnpikes in Florida and Colorado as well as Oklahoma. Oklahoma turnpikes also accept all transponders from Kansas (K-TAG) and Texas (EZ TAG, TollTag, TxTag), and SunPass from Florida, and ExpressToll from Colorado.
PlatePay.
On July 25, 2021, toll collection booths on the Kilpatrick Turnpike were closed and replaced with the new cashless pay-by-mail system known as PlatePay. Customers using PlatePay travel in the same lanes as customers when passing through a toll plaza. Instead of the toll being deducted from an account, drivers are mailed an invoice for their toll which is paid through an online portal or by check. Due to added costs with the new system, PlatePay toll rates are 75 percent higher on average than the previous cash rates. On January 25, 2022, the Kickapoo Turnpike closed its toll collection booths to begin PlatePay operations. On June 21, 2022, the H. E. Bailey Turnpike from Lawton to Oklahoma City and its spur to Norman went cashless. The remainder of the turnpike from Lawton to Texas was converted on July 27, 2022. On August 16, 2022, the Chicksaw Turnpike went cashless. The Oklahoma Turnpike Authority plans to implement cashless tolling through PlatePay on all turnpikes by the end of 2024.
As of November 20, 2024, the conversion to cashless tolling is complete with the Will Rogers Turnpike from Tulsa to the Missouri state line being the last turnpike to do so.
Criticism.
The turnpike system has received criticism from many, most notably from Gary Richardson, former U.S. Attorney and candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2002 and 2018, who has called for the abolition of the Turnpike Authority. Critics have noted the lack of revenue from turnpikes that actually goes to the state of Oklahoma. The OTA counters that it receives no tax money to maintain, operate, and pay off the turnpike system; and, if the state had to pay routine maintenance and capital rehabilitation on the turnpikes, the cost to the government would be an additional $105 million annually. | 684 | [
683
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] |
47598991 | Modern standard English has various verb forms, including:
They can be used to express tense (time reference), aspect, mood, modality and voice, in various configurations.
For details of how inflected forms of verbs are produced in English, see English verbs. For the grammatical structure of clauses, including word order, see English clause syntax. For non-standard or archaic forms, see individual dialect articles and thou.
Inflected forms of verbs.
A typical English verb may have five different inflected forms:
The verb "be" has a larger number of different forms ("am", "is", "are", "was", "were", etc.), while the modal verbs have a more limited number of forms. Some forms of "be" and of certain other auxiliary verbs also have contracted forms ("'s", " 're", " 've", etc.).
For full details of how these inflected forms of verbs are produced, see English verbs.
Verbs in combination.
In English, verbs frequently appear in combinations containing one or more auxiliary verbs and a nonfinite form (infinitive or participle) of a main (lexical) verb. For example:
The dog was barking very loudly.
My hat has been cleaned.
Jane does not really like us.
The first verb in such a combination is the finite verb, the remainder are nonfinite (although constructions in which even the leading verb is nonfinite are also possible – see below). Such combinations are sometimes called verb catenae. As the last example shows, the words making up these combinations do not always remain consecutive.
For details of the formation of such constructions, see English clause syntax. The uses of the various types of combination are described in the detailed sections of the present article. (For another type of combination involving verbs – items such as "go on", "slip away" and "break off" – see Phrasal verb.)
Tenses, aspects and moods.
As in many other languages, the means English uses for expressing the three categories of tense (time reference), aspect and mood are somewhat conflated (see tense–aspect–mood). In contrast to languages like Latin, though, English has only limited means for expressing these categories through verb conjugation, and tends mostly to express them periphrastically, using the verb combinations mentioned in the previous section. The tenses, aspects and moods that may be identified in English are described below (although the terminology used differs significantly between authors). In common usage, particularly in English language teaching, particular tense–aspect–mood combinations such as "present progressive" and "conditional perfect" are often referred to simply as "tenses".
Tenses.
Verb tenses are inflectional forms which can be used to express that something occurs in the past, present, or future. In English, the only tenses are past and non-past, though the term "future" is sometimes applied to periphrastic constructions involving modals such as "will" and "go".
Present.
Present tense is used, in principle, to refer to circumstances that exist at the present time (or over a period that includes the present time) and general truths (see gnomic aspect). However the same forms are quite often also used to refer to future circumstances, as in "He's coming tomorrow" (hence this tense is sometimes referred to as "present-future" or "non-past"). For certain grammatical contexts where the present tense is the standard way to refer to the future, see conditional sentences and dependent clauses below. It is also possible for the present tense to be used when referring to no particular real time (as when telling a story), or when recounting past events (the historical present, particularly common in headline language). The present perfect intrinsically refers to past events, although it can be considered to denote primarily the resulting present situation rather than the events themselves.
The present tense has two moods, indicative and subjunctive; when no mood is specified, it is often the indicative that is meant. In a present indicative construction, the finite verb appears in its base form, or in its "-s" form if its subject is third-person singular. (The verb "be" has the forms "am", "is", "are", while the modal verbs do not add "-s" for third-person singular.) For the present subjunctive, see English subjunctive. (The present subjunctive has no particular relationship with present time, and is sometimes simply called the subjunctive, without specifying the tense.)
For specific uses of present tense constructions, see the sections below on simple present, present progressive, present perfect, and present perfect progressive.
Past.
Past tense forms express circumstances existing at some time in the past, although they also have certain uses in referring to hypothetical situations (as in some conditional sentences, dependent clauses and expressions of wish). They are formed using the finite verb in its preterite (simple past) form.
Certain uses of the past tense may be referred to as subjunctives; however the only distinction in verb conjugation between the past indicative and past subjunctive is the possible use of "were" in the subjunctive in place of "was". For details see English subjunctive.
For specific uses of past tense constructions, see the sections below on simple past, past progressive, past perfect, and past perfect progressive. In certain contexts, past events are reported using the present perfect (or even other present tense forms—see above).
Future.
English lacks a morphological future tense, since there is no verb inflection which expresses that an event will occur at a future time. However, the term "future tense" is sometimes applied to periphrastic constructions involving modals such as "will", "shall", and "to be going to". For specific uses of future constructions formed with "will/shall", see the sections below on simple future, future progressive, future perfect, and future perfect progressive.
Don't go near that bomb! It will explode! (periphrastic future)
Don't go near that bomb! It's going to explode!
The morphological present tense can be used to refer to future times, particularly in conditional sentences and dependent clauses.
If the world ends tomorrow, I won't be surprised.
If next year is worse than this one, I will be surprised.
The morphologically past variants of future modals can be used to create a periphrastic "future-in-the-past" construction. Here the sentence as a whole refers to some particular past time, but "would win" refers to a time in the future relative to that past time. See .
"She knew that she would win the game."
Aspects.
Simple.
"Simple" forms of verbs are those appearing in constructions not marked for either progressive or perfect aspect ("I go", "I don't go", "I went", "I will go", etc., but not "I'm going" or "I have gone").
Simple constructions normally denote a single action (perfective aspect), as in "Brutus killed Caesar", a repeated action (habitual aspect), as in "I go to school", or a relatively permanent state, as in "We live in Dallas". They may also denote a temporary state (imperfective aspect), in the case of stative verbs that do not use progressive forms (see below).
For uses of specific simple constructions, see the sections below on simple present, simple past, simple future, and simple conditional.
Progressive.
The progressive or continuous aspect is used to denote a temporary action or state that began at a previous time and continues into the present time (or other time of reference). It is expressed using the auxiliary verb "to be" together with the present participle ("-ing" form) of the main verb: "I am reading; Were you shouting?"; "He will be sitting over there".
Certain stative verbs make limited use of progressive aspect. Their non-progressive forms (simple or non-progressive perfect constructions) are used in many situations even when expressing a temporary state. The main types are described below.
For specific uses of progressive (continuous) constructions, see the sections below on present progressive, past progressive, future progressive, and conditional progressive. For progressive infinitives, see . For the combination of progressive aspect with the perfect ("he has been reading") see perfect progressive.
Perfect.
The perfect aspect is used to denote the circumstance of an action's being complete at a certain time. It is expressed using a form of the auxiliary verb "have" (appropriately conjugated for tense etc.) together with the past participle of the main verb: "She has eaten it"; "We had left"; "When will you have finished?"
Perfect forms can also be used to refer to states or habitual actions, even if not complete, if the focus is on the time period before the point of reference ("We had lived there for five years"). If such a circumstance is temporary, the perfect is often combined with progressive aspect (see the following section).
The implications of the present perfect (that something occurred prior to the present moment) are similar to those of the simple past, although the two forms are generally not used interchangeably—the simple past is used when the time frame of reference is in the past, while the present perfect is used when it extends to the present. For details, see the relevant sections below. For all uses of specific perfect constructions, see the sections below on the present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, and conditional perfect.
By using non-finite forms of the auxiliary "have", perfect aspect can also be marked on infinitives (as in "should have left and "expect to have finished working"), and on participles and gerunds (as in having seen the doctor"). For the usage of such forms, see the section below on perfect and progressive non-finite constructions.
Although all of the constructions referred to here are commonly referred to as perfect (based on their grammatical form), some of them, particularly non-present and non-finite instances, might not be considered truly expressive of the perfect aspect. This applies particularly when the perfect infinitive is used together with modal verbs: for example, "he could not have been a genius" might be considered (based on its meaning) to be a past tense of "he cannot/could not be a genius"; such forms are considered true perfect forms by some linguists but not others. For the meanings of such constructions with the various modals, see English modal verbs.
Perfect progressive.
The perfect and progressive (continuous) aspects can be combined, usually in referring to the completed portion of a continuing action or temporary state: "I have been working for eight hours". Here a form of the verb "have" (denoting the perfect) is used together with "been" (the past participle of "be", denoting the progressive) and the present participle of the main verb.
In the case of the stative verbs, which do not use progressive aspect (see the section above about the progressive), the plain perfect form is normally used in place of the perfect progressive: "I've been here for half an hour" (not *"I've been being here...").
For uses of specific perfect progressive (perfect continuous) constructions, see the sections below on the present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive, future perfect progressive, and conditional perfect progressive. For perfect progressive infinitives, participles and gerunds, see .
Moods.
Indicative.
Indicative mood, in English, refers to finite verb forms that are not marked as subjunctive and are neither imperatives nor conditionals. They are the verbs typically found in the main clauses of declarative sentences and questions formed from them, as well as in most dependent clauses (except for those that use the subjunctive). The information that a form is indicative is often omitted when referring to it: the simple present indicative is usually referred to as just the simple present, etc. (unless some contrast of moods, such as between indicative and subjunctive, is pertinent to the topic).
Subjunctive.
Certain types of clause, mostly dependent clauses, use a verb form identified with the subjunctive mood. The present subjunctive takes a form identical to the bare infinitive, as in "It is necessary that he be restrained." There is also a past subjunctive, distinct from the indicative only in the possible use of "were" in place of "was" in certain situations: "If I were you, ..."
For details of the formation and usage of subjunctive forms in English, see English subjunctive.
Imperative.
An independent clause in the imperative mood uses the base form of the verb, usually with no subject (although the subject "you" can be added for emphasis). Negation uses "do"-support (i.e. "do not" or "don't"). For example:
Now eat your dinner.
You go and stand over there!
Don't ever say that word again.
Sentences of this type are used to give an instruction or order. When they are used to make requests, the word "please" (or other linguistic device) is often added for politeness:
Please pass the salt.
First person imperatives (cohortatives) can be formed with "let us" (usually contracted to "let's"), as in "Let's go". Third person imperatives (jussives) are sometimes formed similarly, with "let", as in "Let him be released".
More detail can be found in the Imperative mood article.
Conditional.
The status of the conditional mood in English is similar to that of the future tense: | 685 | null | 118 | null |
47661612 | The W82 (also known as the XM785 shell) was a low-yield tactical nuclear warhead developed by the United States and designed to be used in a 155 mm artillery shell. It was conceived as a more flexible replacement for the W48, the previous generation of nuclear artillery shell. A previous attempt to replace the W48 with the W74 munition was canceled due to cost.
Originally envisioned as a dual-purpose weapon, with interchangeable components to allow the shell to function as either a "standard" fission explosive or an "enhanced radiation" device, the warhead was developed at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory starting in 1977. The eventual prototype round had a yield of in a package long and weighing , which included the rocket-assisted portion of the shell. The unit cost of the weapon was estimated at US$ million.93 Although enhanced radiation devices were considered more effective at blunting an invasion due to the high neutron flux they produce, the more complex design eventually led to the cancellation of the dual-purpose W82-0 program in 1982. Development of a "standard" weapon, the W82-1, was restarted in 1986. The program was finally cancelled in 1991 due to the end of the Cold War.
Design.
The shell used a body made from titanium with a copper rotating band. A special process was developed to bond the rotating band to the titanium body of the shell which prevented shell-band separation during firing.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 686 | null | 46 | null |
12365752 | Have I Got News for You (often abbreviated as HIGNFY) is a British television panel show produced by Hat Trick Productions for the BBC. From its inception in September 1990 until October 2002, the programme was presented by British comedian Angus Deayton, before he was dismissed after two episodes of the 24th series in the wake of revelations about his private life in the press, whereupon the programme employed the use of guest hosts for the remainder of the series and the 25th series, before making it permanent in June 2003. As of 1 November 2024, in the wake of Deayton's dismissal, the programme has seen 135 people host at least one episode. While the majority have made only one appearance, several have made successive appearances in later series.
List of guest presenters.
The following is a list of the guest presenters that have appeared on the programme. The list denotes them by the order in which they first appear by default, and details number of appearances made, the year and series they appeared in, and if they appear or appeared on the programme as a panellist:
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 687 | null | 207 | null |
7000481 | Martin Alan Hatfull (born 7 June 1957) is a British former diplomat, former director of government relations at Diageo, and board member of the UK India Business Council.
Hatfull was born on 7 June 1957, son of late Alan Frederick Hatfull, educated at Dulwich College and then Worcester College, Oxford (BA 1980).
He joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1980, and rose to become Minister to Japan, 2003–08, and Ambassador to Indonesia, 2008–11.
References.
HATFULL, Martin Alan, "Who's Who 2014", A & C Black, plc, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2013
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 688 | null | 52 | null |
40001913 | Operator (=) used for assigning values in C++
In the C++ programming language, the assignment operator, codice_1, is the operator used for assignment. Like most other operators in C++, it can be overloaded.
The copy assignment operator, often just called the "assignment operator", is a special case of assignment operator where the source (right-hand side) and destination (left-hand side) are of the same class type. It is one of the special member functions, which means that a default version of it is generated automatically by the compiler if the programmer does not declare one. The default version performs a memberwise copy, where each member is copied by its own copy assignment operator (which may also be programmer-declared or compiler-generated).
The copy assignment operator differs from the copy constructor in that it must clean up the data members of the assignment's target (and correctly handle self-assignment) whereas the copy constructor assigns values to uninitialized data members. For example:
My_Array first; // initialization by default constructor
My_Array second(first); // initialization by copy constructor
My_Array third = first; // Also initialization by copy constructor
second = third; // assignment by copy assignment operator
Return value of overloaded assignment operator.
The language permits an overloaded assignment operator to have an arbitrary return type (including codice_2). However, the operator is usually defined to return a reference to the assignee. This is consistent with the behavior of assignment operator for built-in types (returning the assigned value) and allows for using the operator invocation as an expression, for instance in control statements or in chained assignment. Also, the C++ Standard Library requires this behavior for some user-supplied types.
Overloading copy assignment operator.
When deep copies of objects have to be made, exception safety should be taken into consideration. One way to achieve this when resource deallocation never fails is:
class My_Array{
int* array;
int count;
public:
My_Array& operator=(const My_Array& other)
if (this != &other) { // protect against invalid self-assignment
// 1: allocate new memory and copy the elements
int* new_array = new int[other.count];
std::copy(other.array, other.array + other.count, new_array);
// 2: deallocate old memory
delete[] array;
// 3: assign the new memory to the object
array = new_array;
count = other.count;
// by convention, always return *this
return *this;
// ...
However, if a no-fail (no-throw) swap function is available for all the member subobjects and the class provides a copy constructor and destructor (which it should do according to the rule of three), the most straightforward way to implement copy assignment is as follows:
public:
void swap(My_Array& other) // the swap member function (should never fail!)
// swap all the members (and base subobject, if applicable) with other
using std::swap; // because of ADL the compiler will use
// custom swap for members if it exists
// falling back to std::swap
swap(array, other.array);
swap(count, other.count);
My_Array& operator = (My_Array other) // note: argument passed by value!
// swap this with other
swap(other);
// by convention, always return *this
return *this;
// other is destroyed, releasing the memory
Assignment between different classes.
C++ supports assignment between different classes, both via implicit copy constructor and assignment operator, if the destination instance class is the ancestor of the source instance class:
class Ancestor {
public:
int a;
class Descendant : public Ancestor {
public:
int b;
int main()
Descendant d;
Ancestor a(d);
Ancestor b(d);
a = d;
Copying from ancestor to descendant objects, which could leave descendant's fields uninitialized, is not permitted.
References.
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] |
40001913 | Indian alcoholic beverage
Chulli is an alcoholic drink produced in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is a sweet and fruity alcoholic drink made from apples and apricots. It is also known as Ghanti or Kinnauri Ghanti. It is smooth and a very mild drink and can be considered a substitute for vodka. It can be consumed with water or any other cold drink. The consumption of Chulli helps to relieve cold and cough. It also has some healing properties. Dried wild apricots and apples are used to prepare the transparent Chulli. It is a popular beverage among the Kinnauri tribe of Himachal Pradesh.
References.
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44901737 | Municipality in Camarines Sur, Philippines
Bato, officially the Municipality of Bato (Rinconada Bikol: "Banwāan ka Bato"; Tagalog: "Bayan ng Bato"), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 52,155 people.
The municipality of Bato is home to a lake teeming with various kinds of fishes. Sinarapan, the world's smallest commercially harvested fish, occupies the waters of Lake Bato. Also present, the lake abounds with tilapia housed in fish cages.
Bato is from Pili and from Manila.
History.
This town was formerly called as "Kaliligno" or "Caliligno" named by the natives that settled along the river area.
This small village later was elevated into a status of a town under the decree of Spanish Superior Government on February 15, 1753. Years back, a parish was already existing which was also made under the same decree. This parish adopted "The Most Holy Trinity" as its patron saint. Its feast day is celebrated every Sunday after the Pentecost. The Bato is also known for its best noodles called Pansit Bato.
Geography.
Barangays.
Bato is politically subdivided into 33 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
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Demographics.
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In the 2020 census, the population of Bato, Camarines Sur, was 52,155 people, with a density of .
Only about 58.27% of the household population is considered as literate.
Mother tongue of the majority is Riŋkonāda also known as Bikol Rinconada, one of the languages of Bicol region. The population speaks a different form of Rinconada Bikol called Bato variant, a lowland dialect (sinaranəw). Natives are also conversant with Coastal Bikol, Filipino/Tagalog and English languages.
Economy.
Poverty incidence of
Majority of employment is within agriculture, fishery, poultry and construction industry groups.
Natural resources include clams, pearls, local shrimps, tabios, and tilapia, particularly within Lake Bato; forest products such as anahaw leaves and local bamboo; non-metallic mineral resources such as white clay among others.
Local government.
The list of the incumbent and former officials of the Municipality of Bato is the following:
2022–present:
2019-2022:
2016-2019:
List of former Municipal Mayors.
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Infrastructure.
Security.
Facilities for police protection include Police Station Headquarters near the Municipal Hall in the Poblacion, Police Substation in Barangay Tres Reyes, Police Outpost in Barangay San Miguel. The bureau of Fire Protection of Bato has about eleven (11) firemen personnel.
Utilities.
Water supply is provided on 3 levels:
Power and electricity:
Communication facilities include telephone/cellular services, postal services, telegraph services, cable television services, and print and broadcast media services.
Education.
Private school institutions:
15 public elementary schools:
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5 public secondary schools:
1 public library:
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 691 | null | 152 | null |
17287093 | Estonian politician, communist
Aleksander Kiidelmaa (26 September 1896 – 16 August 1969) was an Estonian trade unionist and Communist politician who was the mayor of Tallinn from July 1940 to January 1941, and again (as the chairman of the Executive Committee of Tallinn) from September 1944 to February 1945.
He was also a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from 1940 to 1947. He was the mayor of Tallinn under the occupation of the Soviet Union during their occupation of the Baltic States from 1940 to 1941. He was later the chairman of the Executive Committee of Tallinn from September 1944 to February 1945, in the immediate aftermath of the Soviet Union reconquering Estonia from the Nazi German forces.
He died on 16 August 1969 in Tallinn, and was buried on 29 August at Metsakalmistu.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 692 | null | 136 | null |
41099067 | American actor (1929–2001)
Ramon Arens Bieri (June 16, 1929 – May 27, 2001) was an American film and television actor.
Television work.
Bieri starred as the title character in the short-lived NBC sitcom "Joe's World", from December 1979 to July 1980, playing Joe Wabash, a Detroit housepainter with a wife and five kids. He co-starred on the short-lived 1981 TV series "Bret Maverick" with James Garner, as banker Elijah Crow. Bieri appeared in many TV movies as well. In 1971–72, he played Lieutenant Barney Verick in the NBC drama "Sarge". Film roles included "Badlands", "The Sicilian", "The Grasshopper", "Grandview, U.S.A.", "Reds", and "The Andromeda Strain".
Bieri made guest appearances in many TV shows, including "Daniel Boone", "Gunsmoke", "Little House on the Prairie", "Bonanza", "Hawaii Five-O", "", "The Rockford Files", "Buck Rogers in the 25th Century", "The Dukes of Hazzard", "The Partridge Family", "Hogan's Heroes", "Quincy, M.E.", "Mannix" and "Knight Rider". Also In The Heat Of The Night. He was featured in recurring roles in "Room 222" (as the vice principal) and "St. Elsewhere". He appeared in "The Final Chapter", the first episode of the 1977 NBC series "Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected" and in the "Murder! Murder!" episode of the NBC series "The Eddie Capra Mysteries" (1978). His last role was in an episode of HBO's "Arliss" which aired in August, 2001 which was a little over two months after his death.
Death.
Bieri died of cancer in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, on May 27, 2001, at age 71.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ;
Ramon Bieri was also on In The Heat Of The Night S07 E05 in 1993 as the character Cal Sims | 693 | null | 154 | null |
48646225 | Fleet of full-length dome cars
The Super Dome was a Dome car built by Pullman-Standard for the Milwaukee Road in 1952. The ten Super Domes were the first full-length dome cars in revenue service, first operating on the "Olympian Hiawatha" and "Twin Cities Hiawatha" in late 1952. Although a mixed blessing in passenger use, the cars garnered much publicity for the Milwaukee Road and several remain in operation.
Design.
The first successful dome design in the United States was the "Vista Dome." The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad ("CB&Q") rebuilt a stainless steel Budd-built coach in their shops in Aurora, Illinois, with the Vista Dome design imagined and sketched by Cyrus Osborn. The dome area featured seats positioned lengthwise in the cabin facing double-pane windows which were designed to improve insulation. On July 23, 1945, the car was tested in the consist of the "Twin Cities Zephyr". No fewer than five Budd-built domes would be found in each equipment set of the new "California Zephyr" when it debuted in 1949. Not to be outdone, Pullman delivered its first four domes, which it dubbed "Astra Liners", in 1947 for use on the Union Pacific Railroad.
The dome seating area in the Vista Dome was comparatively limited: 24, with an additional 46 standard seats on the lower level. In the early 1950s Pullman developed a "full-length" design, with the dome seating area stretching the length of the car. This design posed several challenges. The full-length glass roof () necessitated a new, powerful air-conditioning system from a dedicated diesel motor. The massive weight of the car, , required reinforced three-axle trucks from General Steel Castings. Much of this weight was concentrated in the glass dome, which meant new framing techniques to support the second level above the first. The result was an -long dome level which could seat 68, nearly three times that of the Vista Dome. The lounge area beneath seated 28 in booths.
Service history.
Milwaukee Road.
The Milwaukee Road began taking delivery of the Super Domes in late 1952. They were numbered #50-#59. The name was chosen via an employee naming contest; rejected suggestions included Master Dome, Ultra Dome, and Panorama Dome. The domes were used on the daytime "Twin Cities Hiawatha" and the transcontinental "Olympian Hiawatha". The Super Domes were the first and only cars on a daytime "Hiawatha" train built by a third party; all other "Hiawatha" equipment (such as the distinctive Beaver Tail and Skytop lounges) were built by the Milwaukee Road in its own shops.
The Super Domes were not a complete success in Milwaukee Road service. The heavy cars gave a rough ride, and the seats in the dome area gave an inferior view because they lay too low compared to the dome's supporting bulkheads. Still, the fame of having the first full-length dome car was good publicity for the railroad. After the discontinuance of the "Olympian Hiawatha" in 1961 Super Domes were seen on some of the services the Milwaukee Road operated with the Union Pacific, including the "City of Denver". In 1964 the Milwaukee Road sold six of the domes to the Canadian National Railway, along with the sleeper-lounge Skytop Lounges. The remaining four domes continued on the "Twin Cities Hiawatha".
Canadian National/VIA.
The Canadian National Railway (CN) purchased six Super Domes from the Milwaukee Road in 1964. The CN dubbed these "Sceneramic" cars and placed them in service on the "Super Continental". Via Rail inherited all six and used them into the early 1980s, when they were sold off to private owners.
Amtrak.
Amtrak leased the Milwaukee Road's four remaining Super Domes on its inception in 1971, later purchasing them outright. They saw service on numerous routes, including the "San Francisco Zephyr" and "Coast Starlight". Amtrak sold all four in the late 1970s. Amtrak acquired three cars from Tour Alaska in 1990 and operated them through 1995 on their Auto Train service. The North Carolina Department of Transportation acquired former No. 53 in 1996 and used it on the "Piedmont" before selling it in 2005.
Preserved examples.
Several Super Domes remain in operation, mostly with heritage railways. One noteworthy example is #52, which after decades on the Milwaukee, Canadian National, VIA Rail, and various private operators, has been part of the Napa Valley Wine Train since 1995 (although the company refers to it as a "Vista Dome"). Another is #53, which usually travels behind Milwaukee Road 261. 55 is now Reading, Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad Car 4, and 59 is now Reading & Northern Car 5. As well, there is one in service with Canadian National railway on their executive train.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 694 | null | 186 | null |
34046266 | Philippine broadcasting company
Radyo Pilipino Corporation, presently operating as Radyo Pilipino Media Group, is a Philippine broadcasting company owned by Lucky Star Holdings. Originally founded in 1924, it is the oldest radio network in the Philippines; its current incarnation was founded on June 25, 1985, by a consortium led by businessman-politician Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.
Radyo Pilipino Corporation has four subsidiaries which currently serve as licensees: Radio Corporation of the Philippines (RadioCorp), Philippine Radio Corporation (PhilRadio), Radio Audience Developers Integrated Organization Inc. (RADIO Inc.), and Beacon Communications Systems Inc. (BCSI).
Currently, Radyo Pilipino Media Group owns two national radio brands, namely the AM network Radyo Pilipino (formerly known as Radyo Asenso), and the FM network One FM, and its lone television station RTV Tarlac Channel 26.
History.
KZKZ (AM) is the second radio station in the Philippines owned by Henry Herman Sr. in 1922. It broadcast using a 5-watt transmitter. In 1924, it boosted its power to 100 watts. A few months later, Radio Corporation of the Philippines bought KZKZ AM from Henry Hermann. In 1926 the company began to work on constructing two of the largest radio stations in Asia with the idea of maintaining direct Manila-San Francisco service.
On April 7, 1980, Radyo Pilipino Corporation was founded with the acquisition of Tarlac-based DZTC AM in 1981.
On June 25, 1985, the current incarnation of RadioCorp was founded by a consortium led by Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. following the acquisition of Tarlac-based DWXT FM.
In 2015, RadioCorp officially ventured into television broadcasting with the launch of the network's first television station, DWRP-TV 26 on January 15. It was an affiliate of CNN Philippines until 2021.
In 2019, the RadioCorp group formally restructured its operations under a new name: Radyo Pilipino Media Group (named after Radyo Pilipino Corporation). With the relaunch, its AM stations, with most of them under the Radyo Asenso network, were rebranded under its namesake brand.
On October 21, 2019, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11415 which renewed Radyo Pilipino Corporation's legislative franchise for another 25 years. The law grants Radyo Pilipino Corporation a franchise to construct, install, operate, and maintain, for commercial purposes, radio broadcasting stations and television stations, including digital television system, with the corresponding facilities such as relay stations, throughout the Philippines.
In 2021, DWRP-TV was rebranded as RTV Tarlac Channel 26 and became an independent station.
Radio stations.
Internet radio stations.
Presently, Radyo Pilipino Media Group operates its own online stations under Radyo Pilipino and One FM brands broadcasting from its Manila studios. These online stations are also enacted as "network" feeds for their national programs via hookup to selected stations.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 695 | null | 203 | null |
31329908 | Adam Silvestri, known professionally as Radiator King, is an American punk/blues singer-songwriter and guitarist from Boston, Massachusetts. He is the lead vocalist and sole member of the act, occasionally using a supporting band while on tour and in studio. When asked about the name Radiator King, Silvestri stated that it came from when he "titled a friend’s painting and it was suggested to him that he use that name for his next band".
Silvestri has been recognized for his "rough, heart-wrenching vocals" and gritty sound. Established officially in 2011, Radiator King has released three studio albums, "Launching Day", "Document Untold", and "A Hollow Triumph After All".
Radiator King most recently toured this summer in support of A Hollow Triumph After All. During off days, Silvestri wrote and recorded new songs for a future release. Independent record label, SoundEvolution Music (SI, NY) will be releasing three of these tracks on an upcoming 7" vinyl single.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 696 | null | 25 | null |
26335690 | To worm, parcel and serve a line is to apply a multi-layered protection against chafe and deterioration to standing rigging. It is a technique not usually used on modern small boats, but is found extensively on traditionally-rigged sailing ships. Worming, parcelling and serving —referred to collectively as "service"— is traditionally applied only to traditional twisted rope, either natural fiber or steel wire-rope, not the braided line almost exclusively used on modern vessels, but some traditional vessels now use modern high modulus braided lines (like Amsteel or AS-90) in place of wire rope (to save weight aloft) and serve the line to maintain the traditional appearance. It can be applied to the entire length of a line, such as a shroud, or selectively, to specific parts of a line, such as over the spliced ends of a stay, where the chafe on the middle section of the stay precludes complete protection.
Technique.
Worming.
"Worming" the line is designed to fill in the channels (the contlines) between the strands in order to keep water out and to allow tighter, smoother wrapping of the next layers by giving the rope a more cylindrical shape. Lengths of "small stuff" or string are led along the lay of the rope between the strands, following the twist so that they spiral round the main line. For larger lines, such as the natural (e.g. hemp) fiber rigging used on early vessels, "sister worming" could be built up from several different sizes of "small stuff", as was needed to fill in the typically larger cuntlines of cable-laid hemp rope.
In the days of hemp anchor cable, worming of chain was used, when anchoring on a rocky bottom, to protect the anchor cable from chafing through. This was "not" then covered with parcelling and serving, but is included here as a further example of the utility of the technique.
On the rigging of modern small craft, where the cuntlines are not so deep as to leave large gaps beneath the parcelling (where moisture can become trapped and corrosion occur), or to create a facetted surface (as opposed to a smooth, round surface), worming is often omitted from the process.
Parcelling.
The line is then "parcelled" by wrapping it in a spiral fashion with long overlapping strips of thin canvas. This is wound from bottom to top, the edge of the progressing strip slightly overlapping the previous wrap to create a shingled effect, to prevent water from entering. Often the strips of canvas are either saturated with Stockholm tar as they are applied, or painted with tar after the parcelling is complete, immediately prior to the process of serving. The tar helps fill any remaining gaps in the cuntlines as well as creating a waterproof seal over the line within. As with worming, parcelling is applied in the same direction as the twist of the line being covered. The rule is "worm and parcel with the lay; turn and serve the other way".
When parcelling is used on modern small craft, friction tape or cotton athletic tape can be used for the purpose.
On rare occasions, when parcelling is "not" to be served (e.g., for short term use to protect a line against chafe), it should be applied "against" the lay of the line, counter to that guiding rhyme. In these circumstances, the parcelling itself is filling the protective role that serving would do.
Serving.
The outer layer of protection is formed of twine wrapped as tightly as possible around the line, each progressive turn of the twine laid as close as possible against the last, covering the line completely. Following the rhyme above, it should have course run "against" the lay of the rope; this alternation helps prevent sideways chafe from opening up the protection. Traditionally hemp "marline" was and still is used for service; on modern small craft three-strand nylon "seine twine" is often used.
A serving board or serving mallet can be used to help get the outer twine as tight as possible. Despite the name (arising from its shape) the serving mallet is not used to hit anything; it forms a kind of guide and tensioning lever for applying the twine to the rope.
Tar.
An optional final stage for the permanent protection of "served" rope is to paint the outer layer of twine with a mixture of tar, varnish and black paint. This needs renewing periodically, and going aloft to paint footropes, shrouds, stays, and other served rigging is one of the regular maintenance tasks on many tall ships.
The tar, or "slush" is a mixture of Stockholm tar, boiled linseed oil, and Japan drier. Many "recipes" for slush exist, but the intent is always to allow a penetrating coat of preservative pine tar that then cures to a harder finish that will not so easily rub off on sails and crew. The term "slush" is also used to describe the grease applied to the masts to lubricate the parrels so that the yards can raise and lower freely.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 697 | null | 56 | null |
31720114 | Latvian ice hockey player (born 1994)
Teodors Bļugers (anglicized as Theodor "Teddy" Blueger; born 15 August 1994) is a Latvian professional ice hockey centre for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 52nd overall in the 2012 NHL entry draft by the Pittsburgh Penguins, making him the third-highest selected Latvian player in the NHL entry draft, behind Zemgus Girgensons and Sandis Ozoliņš.
Bļugers played for Shattuck-Saint Mary's in Minnesota from 2009 to 2012 before committing to play collegiate ice hockey for Minnesota State. While attending Shattuck, he helped them clinch a USA Hockey national U18 title and 2011 Bauer/NIT tournament title. After graduating from Shattuck, Bļugers spent four seasons at Minnesota State where he earned All-Tournament Team honors. From there, Bļugers played in five seasons with Pittsburgh before he was traded to the Vegas Golden Knights at the 2023 trade deadline. Although he only played for part of the playoffs, Bļugers would win the Stanley Cup with the Golden Knights that season, and sign with the Canucks the following off-season.
Early life.
Bļugers was born on 15 August 1994, in Riga, Latvia, to parents Valentīns Bļugers and Jana Bļugere. As his mother was a close friend to Elvis Merzļikins' parents, Bļugers and Merzļikins grew up playing together in Latvia. As a youth, Bļugers played both ice hockey and soccer until he was 12 or 13. As such, he grew up a fan of FC Barcelona and Ronaldinho. Due to his father's career as an attorney and a member of the Latvian Ice Hockey Federation, Bļugers attended the International School of Latvia before leaving for Shattuck-Saint Mary's in Faribault, Minnesota. His younger brother Roberts also played for Shattuck-Saint Mary's from 2012 to 2016. Bļugers chose to attend Shattuck after seeing a segment focusing on Shattuck alumnus Sidney Crosby.
Playing career.
Amateur.
Bļugers played for Shattuck-Saint Mary's from 2009 until 2012 and he helped lead them to a USA Hockey national U18 title and 2011 Bauer/NIT tournament title.
He committed to a collegiate career with Minnesota State and played four seasons in the NCAA from 2012 to 2016. Bļugers was named to the All-Tournament Team for the 2014 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. In 2015–16, Bļugers was named to the All-WCHA First Team.
Pittsburgh Penguins.
On 22 March 2016, Bļugers signed an entry-level agreement with the Pittsburgh Penguins. He finished the 2015–16 season with Penguins' AHL affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre Scranton Penguins playing in 10 games. In his first full season with the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, Bļugers set a new franchise record for plus-minus rating by a rookie with a +24.
Bļugers made his NHL debut on 30 January 2019, in Pittsburgh's game against the Tampa Bay Lightning. On 1 February 2019, Bļugers scored his first NHL goal, against the Ottawa Senators in a 5–3 Penguins win.
On 16 July 2019, Bļugers re-signed with the Penguins on a two-year, one-way contract with an average annual value of $750,000. On 14 July 2021, he was re-signed to a two-year, $4.4 million contract extension with the Penguins.
Vegas Golden Knights.
Bļugers was traded to the Vegas Golden Knights on 1 March 2023, in exchange for a third-round pick in 2024 and prospect Peter DiLiberatore. He made an immediate impact to the Golden Knights fourth line, scoring four points through his first eight games. However, he would only add two more points over his next 10 games to end the regular season with six points. When the Golden Knights faced off against the Dallas Stars in the Western Conference finals of the 2023 Stanley Cup playoffs, Bļugers scored his first goal of the postseason in Game 1. He finished the postseason with two points over six games as the Golden Knights won their first Stanley Cup in franchise history. Although his name was not immediately eligible to be placed on the Stanley Cup, the Golden Knights petitioned for his name to be added.
Vancouver Canucks.
On 1 July 2023, Bļugers left the Golden Knights as a free agent and was signed to a one-year, $1.9 million deal with the Vancouver Canucks for the 2023–24 season. While with the Canucks, Bļugers tallied his 100th career NHL point on 24 November, against the Seattle Kraken. On June 26, 2024, Bļugers agreed to terms on a two-year contract with the Canucks worth $1.8 million in average annual value.
International play.
Bļugers has represented Latvia at the international junior level, appearing in the 2011 IIHF World U18 Championships and four World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He made his senior debut when he was selected to play for Latvia at the 2017 IIHF World Championship. The following year, he was again named to the Latvia national team to compete at the 2018 IIHF World Championship.
Personal life.
Bļugers married his wife, whom he met at Minnesota State, in 2021.
References.
;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ; | 698 | null | 9 | null |
31207764 | American college football season
;templatestyles src="Standings table start/styles.css" / ;
The 1923 Wisconsin Badgers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1923 Big Ten Conference football season. The team compiled a 3–3–1 record (1–3–1 against conference opponents), finished in seventh place in the Big Ten Conference, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 89 to 32. John J. Ryan was in his first year as Wisconsin's head coach.
Marty Below was the team captain. Below was also a consensus first-team player on the 1923 College Football All-America Team. Guard Adolph Bieberstein and fullback Merrill Taft were selected by Billy Evans for his "National Honor Roll" of the best players in the country.
The team played its home games at Camp Randall Stadium, which had a seating capacity of 14,000. During the 1923 season, the average attendance at home games was 16,387.
References.
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] |
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