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Because, I always find that's the thing that differentiates great public speaking from amazing public speaking, is the person who is connecting with | 2,369.227489 | 2,377.088489 | SPEAKER_02 | en | 3.325723 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_02_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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The 200 people in front of them, as if they're talking to each and every one of them individually. And it's so easy when you get into a big, a big auditorium, to then put on the, okay, today, we're gonna talk about the, | 2,377.359489 | 2,387.037489 | SPEAKER_02 | en | 3.484572 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_02_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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And it just doesn't work. It just doesn't work. This is, I, I'm, I'm really excited about the idea of hearing 20 different sets of ideas that you're going to try and make stick. And if, if you all do what you're, what the four of you do, and the other, | 2,387.886489 | 2,400.942489 | SPEAKER_02 | en | 3.286446 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_02_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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The other bunch of, of students do the same thing, trying to get these ideas to stick. Something's gotta happen. Something's gotta happen. Which I think's gonna be, gonna be a lot of fun. Hopefully. Hopefully. If you, if you could give one piece of advice to, to, uh, you know, to each other, | 2,401.349489 | 2,418.089489 | SPEAKER_02 | en | 3.244984 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_02_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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What would that piece of advice be as you've started to prepare? Because you've got different mentors and you've got different techniques. If you could give others who are maybe thinking about doing a TEDx talk, not here, but in another, another situation, or getting up to speak in front of people and preparing their, their, what their thoughts, what piece of advice would you give them? | 2,418.769489 | 2,435.916489 | SPEAKER_02 | en | 3.310131 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_02_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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Stay confident, uh, believe in what's your point is, and, uh, you can't really go. | 2,436.765489 | 2,441.587489 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.414858 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_00_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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Basically, I think it's just know what you're talking about. If you're, if you know what you're talking about, then others will know what you're talking about. | 2,445.984489 | 2,452.911489 | SPEAKER_07 | en | 3.55641 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_07_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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Just, yeah, just, you know, pick a topic which you know you can actually talk about. Cuz, if you believe in it, people will believe in it. | 2,458.429489 | 2,465.271489 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.395343 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_04_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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And, um, when you're actually speaking, make sure you don't sound robotic, because a lot of speeches tend to. | 2,465.696489 | 2,471.146489 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.154388 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_04_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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So it's all about the emotions again. You just have to portray that in the right way. I think just simplify everything. | 2,471.451489 | 2,476.884489 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.083992 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_04_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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Because when people talk to, like, with such a wide vocabulary and with such a, | 2,477.258489 | 2,481.451489 | SPEAKER_05 | en | 3.055947 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_05_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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Such, like, long and tedious words that they, they put in to, to kind of sound smart. It kind of just, it makes people turn off. | 2,481.960489 | 2,489.040489 | SPEAKER_05 | en | 3.412788 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_05_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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So I think when you talk to someone, as you said, like, you're talking in a conversation, you really just explain it to them like you normally would. | 2,489.465489 | 2,495.118489 | SPEAKER_05 | en | 3.071551 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_05_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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TEDxWiz is going to take place end of June. If you want to find out more, send them an email, tedxwis at hotmail.com. I want to thank all four of you for coming in and joining me for this conversation, uh, about what you're doing here at Wellington International School and, and, uh, another segment of Wiz Radio. Thanks. | 2,499.618489 | 2,516.494489 | SPEAKER_02 | en | 3.398586 | Education-Factory_Teens_Talking | SPEAKER_02_Education-Factory_Teens_Talking |
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Welcome into the housing hour. This is Kevin Ray. I'm your host. I'm here with Mark Griffith, our executive producer and co-host and Pinterest star. | 20.418192 | 29.022192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.299222 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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And I am very excited to be here today. Uh, this show is presented by Mortgage Investors Group. We have offices all the way from the Tri-Cities to Memphis, everywhere in between. We'd love for you to go to MIGonline.com and check us out. Uh, we also want to direct you to thehousinghour.com. You can find, uh, all of our past shows, our current shows, any series that we have completed over the last eight years. We'd love for you to, to jump in there and, um, dig in. We have a treasure trove of information. It's the mothership of everything we do. | 29.282192 | 59.282192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.262038 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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facebook.com slash the housing hour. Love for you to go there. And on, as well. | 61.122192 | 65.470192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.274008 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Uh, Twitter, at the housing hour. So, today, we are, | 65.794192 | 69.310192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.505321 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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talking a little history, and a little history means, uh, something that is so important to America. With us in studio, we have Charles Winfrey. Thank you so much, Charles, for joining us today. My pleasure. We made it difficult for you, cuz there were some detours out there. But just like, uh, anything in life, if there's a detour, you still make it, and you made it, and we appreciate it. Very much. No problem. | 69.410192 | 93.183192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.525146 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Let me ask you this, first and foremost. The, | 93.743192 | 96.986192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.181974 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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The key thing here that, that we want to talk about is a museum that has been developed because we want to talk about the history of the coal mining industry. Mm-hmm. And Coal Creek, | 98.141192 | 109.091192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.522471 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Miner's Museum is the name of the museum that, why don't I do this? I'll let you tell us. Tell me how you're involved with it, and just give me a little bit of a 30,000 foot view of what it is you're doing. | 109.431192 | 120.993192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.437728 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Well, I, my involvement goes back to the 1980s. I, um, I was in the newspaper business for 30-some-odd years out in Anderson and Campbell County. I was editor of various papers, including the La Follette Press, which is still going strong in La Follette. And, | 121.823192 | 136.539192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.324597 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Uh, I'd always taken a, an interest in, in local history. So I'd done a lot of research and reading about history in the, in the region. | 136.959192 | 143.995192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.235903 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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And especially the Coal Creek War. Mm-hmm. Which was a, uh, event that happened in the 1890s in Lake City, which was then called Coal Creek, uh, because I had family ties to it. My great-grandfather was a miner out there at the time. Mm-hmm. And, uh, | 144.511192 | 159.515192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.296655 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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So, I wrote, uh, during the Homecoming 86 thing that we had in 1986, when Lamar Alexander was governor. | 159.679192 | 167.227192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.362122 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Uh, a lot of, a lot of communities were writing local histories. I did a local history of Lake City. Mm. Uh, also did some newspaper series about it. And, | 167.487192 | 176.859192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.330749 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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At that time, the town decided they wanted to put a museum together to celebrate the history of the area. And, uh, I ended up being on the board. And I've been on the, my, on the board of the Miner's Museum ever since. So, uh, I'm sort of the unofficial historian of Lake City area right now. | 177.183192 | 192.436192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.429163 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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You know, it changed its name to Rocky Top. I still call it Lake City. Most of the, most fascinating history of the place occurred when it was known as Coal Creek. So. Oh, there it is. | 195.322192 | 206.103192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.522434 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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I sent out my, I sent out my Christmas cards a couple years ago addressed to Coal Creek, Lake City, Rocky Top, or whatever, and the zip code, and they all got delivered. | 206.681192 | 216.715192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.397651 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Because that's actually an interesting piece of history. I did not realize that it was called something even before Lake City. Yeah. Um, there is no lake in Lake City, to my knowledge. | 220.474192 | 229.750192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.361161 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Um, there is Rocky Top, because people are Tennessee fans, so that's an interesting bit of history right there. You're sort of the unofficial historian, is what you said. Um, and this particular museum, um, | 230.106192 | 242.134192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.440081 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Talk to me a little bit about how it came to be. And I know that I think they bought a Bank of America building and they've really got a great location. Talk to me a little bit about how it was formed and, and sort of that reasoning behind it. | 242.586192 | 254.117192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.34557 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Well, you know, it started, like I said, during the homecoming 86 period. And, uh, uh, originally we had a little museum that we decided we were going to, | 254.458192 | 262.326192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.188209 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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celebrate the history of the Coal Creek Lake City area. Mm-hmm. And, uh, the city had a building that they donated to us for it. It was the old | 262.714192 | 271.094192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.298215 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Cold Creek Opera House. Wow. It had been, uh, it had been remodeled into a department store years earlier, and it was, it was vacant. And so, we moved into that building, and, um, | 271.386192 | 284.086192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.334208 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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You know, people came in, brought in donations, brought in old photographs, miners, tools, just about all kinds of things like that. And, uh, we put together a, a, uh, several rooms at this place. | 284.538192 | 296.950192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.372431 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Later on, the town decided to tear the building down and build a new city hall there. So they moved us in, uh, into a corner of the community center, but it wasn't enough space for the museum to actually make any progress. And just a few years ago, | 297.082192 | 309.872192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.376939 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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A group of us got together with the, uh, including the, uh, chairman, woman of the Anderson County Tourism Department, and, and, uh, the county commissioner, and, and some other people said, we need to get this thing going again. Mm. And, | 310.874192 | 323.574192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.339054 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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The county had an opportunity to purchase the old | 323.828192 | 327.394192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.331024 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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former, uh, bankrum, a bank of Oak Ridge building there in, in, uh, Lake City that had been vacant for several years. And, uh, | 327.937192 | 336.239192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.362634 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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They, uh, we were able to get the county to buy it, and then donate it to the town of Lake City. | 337.479192 | 343.523192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.126765 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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And later on, they donated to a non-profit organization that would be a little bit easier for us to raise funds. That was smart. | 343.768192 | 350.612192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.1364 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Yeah. So, so we've got a board of directors and, uh, and, uh, a lot of members, a lot of donors. We opened up, um, I guess it's three years ago that we had our grand opening. I think we've had somewhere in the neighborhood of around 8,000 visitors so far from all 50 states from about a dozen foreign countries. | 350.872192 | 369.844192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.308113 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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People just come in from, you know, surprisingly, from long way away sometimes. | 370.200192 | 374.932192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.345276 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Now, there's a lot of things that happened within that area. Um, and we're going to talk about those events that occurred, um, as far as the explosions and, and the effect that it had on, on that area and all of that. Um, and we only have a few minutes left in this segment, but I, I do want to tackle just, because for those that may not understand or know, you know, I think coal mining has received kind of a bad name in a lot of respects because they only see the bad things that have come out of the news and Congress and the state representatives and everybody has an opinion. | 374.934192 | 404.934192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.053965 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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You know, a lot of it's not scientific. It's just opinion and all of those things. But, um, coal mining was, | 404.934192 | 411.154192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.482905 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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one of the main reasons that we sit here today and are able to have the economy we have and have the, the industrial revolution that we had. And, uh, talk a little bit about coal mining in general. | 411.638192 | 422.538192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.490775 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Well, you know, coal mining, like, you know, they say that everything has its place in history and its place in time. And that's very true of coal mining. | 422.657192 | 430.381192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.411121 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Uh, coal mining today has a black eye for good reasons. Uh-huh. It's an environmental problem. Strip mining, you know, denuded our mountains, our Cumberland Mountains. The, uh, uh, pollution from coal-fired steam plants has, has, uh, you know, caused air pollution problems. Um. | 430.801192 | 448.493192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.394343 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Flash. You saw what happened down in Kingston a few years ago. How, what to do with all that stuff. So, coal mine has gotten a black, uh, uh, black eye from environmentalists. It also, there's been a, a history of disasters and deaths, and it's a dangerous profession. It always has been, even, even, even in modern times. But, | 448.753192 | 468.749192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.456435 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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You know, its time was the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Without coal, we wouldn't be where we're at today. Right. It fired, it, it, it, it, | 469.597192 | 479.961192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.283634 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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fuel the steam engines that ran the riverboats and the railroads and, you know, and, and, and without the, without cold, there would have been no steam locomotives transporting people across the country. Uh, without coal in the very dawn of, uh, the electrical age, you wouldn't have had all the steam plants producing, you know, | 480.285192 | 499.889192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.419639 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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There's not enough rivers in this country to dam up to produce all the electricity we need by hydroelectric power. Right. And so, coal was responsible, greatly responsible for all the electrical, uh, uh, progress that was made throughout the early part of the 20th century. Without it, we wouldn't be where we're at today. Yeah. Uh, yeah. | 500.653192 | 519.567192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.469637 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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It provided people with jobs. They were, uh, good paying compared to what the alternative was in these isolated rural areas, which was, you know, hunting and trapping and, uh, living out off your farm with no income. So, uh, it was happy. Uh, the jobs were dangerous. | 522.657192 | 540.287192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.365412 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Uh, there was a lot of controversy. That's the reason there was a, the rise of the UMWA and other unions, uh, uh, was, you know, to a great degree necessary because of the, the way the miners were treated by the coal companies, which is basically, they were treated as indentured servants. Mm. To a large extent. | 540.771192 | 557.190192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.335057 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Yeah. Uh, the old Tennessee Ernie Ford song, 16 tons and what do you get? Another day older and deeper in debt. | 557.360192 | 564.677192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.316247 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Don't, Saint Peter, don't you call me, cuz I can't go. I owe my soul to the company store. There's never a truer song written. Yeah. Uh, coal miners in the 20th, 19th century, in the early 20th century, they, they were paid, uh, | 565.085192 | 580.874192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.451862 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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They had to pay the company rent for their company-owned house that they lived in. | 597.869192 | 602.402192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.19377 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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They had to pay a dues to the company to pay the company doctor every minor to chip in a little bit for the company doctor. | 603.030192 | 608.803192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.255346 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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They had to pay, uh, they had to buy their own house coal that they had mined themselves that they'd burned in their home to keep it warm in the wintertime. They had to pay the company back for the coal. Wow. And if they wanted an advance on their wages, they could get it. They had to take it in scrip, which was company money. | 609.297192 | 625.197192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.407727 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Which was only redeemable at the company store, where prices were about 20% higher than anywhere else. Oh, my goodness. So, that's what that song talks about. Yeah. Uh, coal miners. | 625.489192 | 634.813192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.227101 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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The Housing Hour with Kevin Ray continues, helping you understand what's really going on out there and what to do about it. Again, Kevin Ray. | 672.742192 | 680.382192 | SPEAKER_01 | en | 3.181243 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_01_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Welcome back into the housing hour. This is again, Kevin Ray. Thank you for joining us. Uh, very excited to have in studio with us a really interesting story and also, um, interesting history. Uh, we have with us in studio from the, he calls himself the historian, but | 681.267192 | 698.159192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.449393 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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He is the unofficial historian, Charles Winfrey. Thank you for joining us again. It's been a pleasure. Just this first segment. Now we're rolling into segment number two. Uh, you were talking about. | 698.291192 | 709.359192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.370056 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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the, a lot of different things, and a lot of aspects, really, of the history. And then, off air, we were talking about being a good segue. And, you wanna set up the segue, of where we can go to this next part? | 710.003192 | 720.772192 | SPEAKER_04 | en | 3.523214 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_04_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Well, yeah, but, but in 1893, there was a, a, a convict labor dispute, uh, in, in Tennessee, and Coal Creek was at the, at the root of this, uh, this problem and issue. And, um, that's where, you know, Anderson County was in the focus. Uh, I think Governor Buchanan at the time was in town. It was taken up to Coal Creek and, and those types of areas, and probably our guests can, | 721.163192 | 744.295192 | SPEAKER_02 | en | 3.427954 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_02_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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shed the light on the significance of the convict lease program in Tennessee that was ended as a result of this, uh, this dispute. Maybe you can shed some light on that. | 744.459192 | 753.709192 | SPEAKER_02 | en | 3.29271 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_02_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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The convict lease system and the controversy. You have to go all the way back to the end of the Civil War. | 755.509192 | 760.789192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.298185 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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When the Civil War ended, all the sovereign states of the old Confederacy were broke. They didn't have, the last thing they had money to pay for was incarcerating criminals. | 761.655192 | 770.450192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.382353 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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So, one by one, the sovereign states established what was known as the convict lease system, where they would lease out their convicts to private companies for labor. And instead of spending money incarcerating these criminals, they would actually make money off of them. | 771.108192 | 785.216192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.403418 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Well, that was a kind of a self-fulfilling prophecy there. If you're making money instead of spending money, you want more. And so, as a result, they began to increase the population of | 785.828192 | 799.328192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.396397 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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prisons in the States bypassing numerous new laws. And, uh, Alex Haley, who's the author of Roots. Yeah. Used to live in Anderson County. | 800.140192 | 810.280192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.371197 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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I had the, uh, he moved to Anderson County back in the 80s. I had the pleasure to go out and interview him for a local newspaper back when he was out there at the Haley Farm. And we got to talking about the convict list system. He pointed out, he said, | 810.860192 | 822.385192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.306313 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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convict leasing, uh, he said, you gotta understand its relation to Jim Crow. Mm. So, Jim Crow laws are always looked at in, by historians as racist laws that were passed in the South. So, they were racist in their intent. I mean, in their, their effect. But their intent was, was commercial. | 823.896192 | 842.012192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.478237 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Their content was economic. They were created to increase the population in prisons that would then be leased out to private industry and make more profits to the states. And, that's exactly what they did. And, the South being what it was, | 842.793192 | 857.797192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.297008 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Most of those laws were aimed at the population of former slaves. Mm-hmm. And, uh, uh, the, uh, so, and they became known as Jim Crow because so many of them were racially involved. But some of them didn't have anything to do with race. They had to do with taking simple crimes such as petty theft that had been 30 days in jail and increasing it to a one-year prison term. | 857.897192 | 876.453192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.386205 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Because, uh, the laws wouldn't allow to cut, the companies didn't want to re, at least, uh, uh, convict for 30 days. | 876.649192 | 883.877192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.401024 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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They took them that long to train them. They wanted a year out of them. So, they had to be guaranteed a year before they would release them. So, they increased the penalty on a lot of minor crimes. Um, as a result, the population of convicts in the Tennessee system, | 884.009192 | 896.805192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.534565 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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After the Civil War, there were 200 criminals in the Tennessee prison system. By the 1890s, there were 1,500. | 897.257192 | 903.493192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.508658 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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The population of white prisoners in 1865 was 200. The population of white prisoners in 1892 was 200. They give you an idea of what happened. It was, in another word, it was an extension of the institution of slavery by another name. And it wasn't just in Tennessee, it was all over the South. | 903.930192 | 923.064192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.210749 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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In Mississippi, they leased them out to cotton planters. In Tennessee, to the coal mines. In the Georgian, the Carolinas, they leased them out to the textile mills. But every sovereign state instituted the convict lease system, except Kentucky. | 923.251192 | 934.983192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.384891 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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They backed off. Of course, they weren't a confederate state. You know, I remember, they, they stayed in the union. And they backed away from it. Uh, convict, lease, | 935.475192 | 944.643192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.398259 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Really didn't get started, though, and, and, uh, until coal was being mined commercially. | 945.221192 | 951.536192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.375075 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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There were no commercial coal mines in East Tennessee at all at the end of the Civil War. They knew coal was there. | 951.740192 | 958.429192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.484812 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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There had been the, uh, the, uh, you know, Coal Creek, for instance. The town of Coal Creek got its name from a creek that ran out of the mountains and was named because of all the coals that they found in the sediments in the bottom of the creek. Uh, there was no commercial way to get it out. After the Civil War, a bunch of entrepreneurs built a railroad out from Knoxville. | 959.225192 | 976.149192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.480673 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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to the nearest place where coal could be mined, and that happened to be where the creek ran and cut a gap through the ridge out of the Cumberland Mountains into the valley. And, you know, they built a little town there as the railroad reached there. You know, in 1868, there was nothing listed. By 1869, Bradstreet Business Listings had the town of Coal Creek. Had 12 businesses. | 976.441192 | 998.871192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.441142 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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So, there were nobody, nobody around here knew how to mine coal, though. | 1,016.752192 | 1,020.716192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.285815 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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And the companies had another challenge, which was they couldn't find anybody to mine the coal. So they went up north, and they recruited Welsh miners out of Pennsylvania, Welsh immigrants that had experience. They went into, up to New York, and got them right off the boats, and they brought all these Welsh, | 1,021.136192 | 1,034.668192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.360196 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Uh, experience Welsh miners down to Coal Creek to, uh, to, uh, start the first mine into Knox Iron Company. | 1,034.832192 | 1,042.156192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.517496 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Which was the, in, here, Knoxville, the old foundry that smelled the town up so bad down there in the middle of town before they, they, uh, tore it down a number of years ago. That was in the Knoxville Iron Company. They needed coal to fuel their furnaces. And so, they, they opened the first mine. And, uh, | 1,042.352192 | 1,061.027192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.458553 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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They worked those Welsh miners, uh, who came in, and then they provided them with a, a job, and, uh, you know, they've managed to find some places to live and everything. And they, they went along just fine till 1876, and there was a little bit of a recession, and the company dropped wages, and the miners went on strike. And then the Knox Iron Company, uh, turned to, | 1,062.181192 | 1,084.423192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.410009 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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A coal company down in Tracy City, Tennessee, which had been using convicts. | 1,085.000192 | 1,089.193192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.182054 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Since the get-go, since the early 1860s. And they subleased convicts from, from, uh, that company. And brought them in to replace the miners. Laid all the Welsh miners off, replaced them with convicts. Well, that first time that that happened in 1876 didn't stir people up too bad. | 1,089.599192 | 1,108.219192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.445808 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Because of, there were a lot of other mines around that were still working free labor, and the miners were able to go get other jobs. Uh, the ones that had struck the Knox Iron Company mine. And a lot of those Pennsylvania Welshmen, they just went back home where they came from. They said, well, if they don't appreciate us down here, we'll go home. Uh, | 1,108.831192 | 1,125.968192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.395254 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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So, the next fifteen years, convicts were allowed to work in that one mine, | 1,126.205192 | 1,131.621192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.337614 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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And that one mine only. All the rest of the mines in the Coal Creek area were all, uh, were all being operated by, uh, free miners. Until 1891. In 1891, a little company up in Bryceville | 1,132.368192 | 1,145.781192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.375162 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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Uh, had a, uh, had a strike. Its miners, were having some labor problems with them. | 1,146.137192 | 1,151.112192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.281105 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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And so the company decided to, uh, lay all the miners off and replace them with convicts. By then, a few things had changed. These miners were living in company houses. | 1,151.350192 | 1,162.623192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.323737 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |
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The company had built a ca- a little company camp called Tennessee Camp up in the nap of the mountains. And they were l- renting these minors their homes. So the first thing that the company did when the convicts were brought in was | 1,163.183192 | 1,175.560192 | SPEAKER_00 | en | 3.384624 | The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners | SPEAKER_00_The_Housing_Hour_History_of_Coal_Creek_Miners |