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Dewatogel, web judi Togel online, ada di Indonesia selaku satu diantaranya web-site judi terunggul yang siap jadi partner Anda saat bermain taruhan judi, terutama yang gunakan skema P2P dengan permainan yang adil, ringan dimainkan, dan tentu berikan banyak keuntungan serta manfaat di sini. Oleh karenanya, apabila Anda menggemari perjudian, artikel kami ini tidak bisa ditinggalkan.
Permainan Togel online yang disajikan oleh Dewatogel sendiri yakni permainan taruhan memiliki kualitas dan punya lisensi sah dari IDN PLAY yang populer jadi penyuplai service judi tipe P2P (Player To Player), yang pas buat isi waktu senggang atau cari selingan untuk semuanya masyarakat Indonesia.
Daftar serta Install Terapan Togel Online Cuman di Link Dewatogel
Buat kamu yang sebelumnya punyai account dan akan bermain taruhan online, dapat daftar Togel online dahulu di Dewatogel. Nggak perlu risau atau kuatir buat masuk di sini lantaran registrasinya gratis dan tanpa ongkos sama sekalipun. Cukup isi sejumlah data diri, dapat langsung account Togel. Gampangnya kembali Anda tinggal ambil Terapan dari situs Dewatogel serta dapat segera main di Penerapannya, Gampang khan?
Data dirimu ditanggung kerahasiaannya, diletakkan di server luar negeri yang terenkripsi. Cuma digunakan buat verifikasi mengganti password atau kalaupun lupa ID atau password.
Dewatogel punyai layanan konsumen yang sangat ramah, santun, serta professional buat tolong seluruh keperluan peserta dalam soal taruhan online. Standby online 24 jam non-stop.
Game IDN PLAY Dewa Togel Terkomplet serta Paling dipercaya
Terdapat beberapa tipe permainan P2P, semua telah dikenali di Indonesia serta dimainkan sama beberapa golongan umur. Dengan perubahan technologi serta pengamatan yang selalu dikerjakan, sekarang perjudian yang disenangi ini bisa dicicipi dengan online lewat mobile phone serta pc.
Tentunya semua type taruhan online sah 10 ribu yang disiapkan oleh DEWA Togel punya penampilan game yang memikat dan membikin pemain ibaratnya secepatnya ada pada kasino tenar di luar negeri. Tentang hal tipe game judi yang kami sajikan seperti beberapa game berikut ini:
Taruhan Togel menjadi yang sangat digemari. Bermain judi Togel online di Dewatogel ditanggung bebas dari program bot, ilegalitas, atau tersangkut admin. Di sini, taruhan murni antara pemain. Memakai kartu remi, kemenangan terkait di keterampilan dan keterampilan pemain.
Satu diantaranya permainan terpilih di Dewatogel ialah capsa atur. Di kenal juga selaku kartu 13 sebab gunakan 13 kartu remi. Pemain mesti menata kartu dengan nilai paling tinggi untuk jadi pemenang permainan.
Permainan sengit dengan kartu domino, kerap dikenali sebagai qiuqiu atau judi 99. Terkenal di seluruhnya Indonesia dari dahulu sampai sekarang ini.
Dewatogel siapkan dua type permainan ceme: ceme online dan ceme keliling. Bedanya cuman di pemain sebagai bandar. Dalam ceme online, bandar diputuskan dengan cara suka-rela, sedangkan dalam ceme keliling, tiap-tiap pemain bergiliran jadi bandar.
Negosiasi Ringan serta Bonus Bejibun di Situs Amat Termashyur
Dewatogel, jadi website judi Togel Online paling besar, selalu berusaha memberinya kelapangan akses main judi buat seluruh pesertanya. Kami memperlihatkan keringanan negosiasi baik deposit atau withdraw, dengan banyak terdapat pilihan bisnis dan penarikan dana kemenangan cepat, cuman dalam beberapa saat.
Kami bekerja sama dengan bank lokal penting seperti BNI, BCA, BRI, Berdikari, Danamon, dan Cimb Niaga, yang bisa dicapai simpel di seluruhnya Indonesia. Disamping itu, kami pun sediakan akses main judi dengan deposit lewat e-money seperti DANA, OVO, GOPAY, LINKAJA, dan SAKUKU, yang ternama di golongan angkatan muda dan milenial.
Sekarang, transaksi bisnis judi sah IDN Togel di Dewatogel bisa dikerjakan memakai pulsa smartphone, dengan bantuan dari TELKOMSEL serta XL. Untuk deposit main di Dewatogel, hanya nominal Rp 10.000 saja.
Temukan bermacam bonus bagus yang dipersiapkan khusus oleh Dewatogel buat banyak peserta setia. Semuanya peserta bisa memperoleh bonus juta-an rupiah ataupun itu pemain lama atau juga pemain baru. Bonus-Bonus itu semacam pada bawah ini;
Bonus New Peserta
Untuk anggota baru yang lakukan deposit kali pertama, mereka dapat mendapat bonus ini, yang cuman berlaku sekali. Bonus untuk anggota anyar ini akan tingkatkan modal main dan mempertingkat keyakinan diri waktu taruhan.
Bila lagi kurang mujur dan alami rugi waktu bermain judi Togel IDN yang bisa dipercaya, tidak boleh waswas. Tiap-tiap minggunya, Dewatogel berikan bonus cashback pada anggota, yang dapat dipakai buat main atau diambil tanpa kriteria apa saja.
Salah satunya type bonus yang digemari banyak orang-orang dan menghadiahkan besar. Baik saat kalah ataupun menang, anggota akan memperoleh bonus rakeback tanpa batasan. Bertambah kerap bermain, semakin tambah besar bonus yang dapat diterima, serta dibagikannya ke seluruhnya anggota tiap-tiap minggunya.
Taruhan judi Togel online yang bisa dipercaya umumnya dimainkan sama-sama. Kamu dapat membawa rekan serta saudara buat tergabung. Ada bonus menarik senilai 10% buat tiap-tiap anggota yang sukses dirujukan buat gabung serta rasakan serunya main judi di Dewatogel.
Pelayanan Situs Dewatogel Non-stop 24 Jam Lewat Livechat Serta Whatsapp
Dewa Togel sebagai satu diantaranya penyuplai service taruhan online penting di Indonesia dengan berbagai ragam permainan kartu uang asli yang memikat, cukup hanya satu account saja. Togel IDN ada pada jumlah peserta paling besar di Asia. Sehari-hari, ada beberapa ratus ribu anggota aktif yang siap jadi musuh bermain Anda dalam cari kartu Togel terbaik. Dewatogel menjadi opsi khusus untuk penjudi di Indonesia yang ingin bermain Togel online menantang sama-sama anggota, bukanlah dengan admin atau robot. Buat yang ingin tahu, dapat secepatnya gabung dan mendaftarkan judi Togel cuma di Dewa Togel, yang telah terkenal serta terus sediakan feature terunggul untuk anggota setianya.
Situs Dewa Togel pula mengadakan kontes Togel online paling besar di Asia dengan hadiah yang lebih besar. Selalu melaksanakan perubahan serta memperbanyak feature permainan biar tiap peserta tak cepat jenuh serta bisa coba permainan online uang asli yang lain yang siap. Dengan 1 ID, Anda bisa nikmati beragam permainan itu tanpa ada penting mengganti credit. Credit itu bisa dipakai di permainan kartu seperti texas holdem Togel, dominoqq (qq spirit atau qkick), bandar ceme, capsa tata, ceme keliling, super 10, omaha, super bull, blackjack, dan yang lain.
Buat beberapa penjudi yang terpikat, bisa secepatnya main serta tergabung di Dewatogel yang siap membantu dan layani Anda untuk merasai serunya dari perjudian Togel online 24 jam non-stop sehari-harinya. Dengan support service operator yang teruji serta menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang bagus, Anda bisa menanyakan jawab langsung pada operator itu waktu merasa kesukaran. Masuk di dalam agen Dewa Togel, Anda akan tidak mendapat hambatan apa saja sebab operator bandar IDN Togel bakal menjawab seluruh pertanyaan dari A sampai Z.
Bandar Togel Online Deposit Pulsa Paling murah Cuma 10 Ribu
Masuk di Bandar Dewatogel IDN akan memberi sarana Togel online terunggul, seperti deposit paling murah. Hanya isi credit sekurang-kurangnya 10 ribu, Rp.10.000. Support dari sejumlah bank lokal di Indonesia seperti Bank Berdikari, CIMB Niaga, Danamon, BRI, BNI, serta BCA yang udah menyebar di seluruhnya lokasi. Saat ini kamu bisa juga bermain judi Togel pulsa, baik sama Telkomsel ataupun XL, dengan potongan ongkos paling murah ketimbang agen Togel IDN yang lain. Tetapi, umumnya agen itu miliki persyaratan yang susah buat diterima.
Ini dapat membuat permasalahan waktu pengin withdraw. Kami pula layani judi Togel deposit dengan e-wallet seperti Gopay, Dana, LinkAja, Sakuku, OVO, ShopeePay, serta yang lain. Uang electronic yang masuk ke dalam rekening maksud bank kami bakal selekasnya diolah ke akun tanpa cost tambahan. Kami pun menanggung proses negosiasi yang cepat, cuma pada 1 hingga 3 menit. Berikut ini yang membikin kami menjadi situs Togel online terbaik dan terpercaya pada tahun 2024. Segalanya murah serta dapat dijangkau dengan bermain Dewatogel 10.000.
Dewa Togel Agen Judi Togel Game Paling dipercaya Tanpa ada Robot dan Admin
Sama yang udah kami informasikan awal mulanya, semua perjudian Togel di sini fairplay. Kamu akan bermain menantang anggota lain, Player versi Player. Banyak gossip di luaran sana perihal kemunculan robot atau admin yang nakal dengan membaca kartu anggota maka mereka kalah serta kehilangan uang atau cicilannya. Tetapi kami yakinkan jika hal tersebut tak bisa terjadi di Dewatogel. Apabila gossip itu betul, menjadi broker judi Togel terbaik, kami tak kan bertahan hingga sampai saat ini.
Sebagai biro judi Togel dapat dipercaya yang udah berdiri mulai sejak 2010, kami sudah layani juta-an peserta yang setia gabung di sini. Kami menanggung semuanya keluasaan, keamanan serta keamanan di saat main di dalam agen Togel online sah. Kami terus bayar hasil kemenangan Anda tanpa ada pengujian yang memakan banyak waktu atau penahanan credit. Proses penarikan dana cuman habiskan waktu 3 hingga 5 menit saja.
Gabungan Kartu Judi Dewatogel Remi Yang Wajib di Kenali
Yang paling penting dalam judi Togel online yakni mendalami jumlah dari suatu gabungan tersendiri dari paling tinggi sampai yang terendah, silakan dilihat trik bermain Togel untuk banyak pemula salah satunya seperti berikut :
Royal Flush Kartu 10, J, Q, K serta AS semua yaitu satu type (misalnya hati) serta supaya dapat mendapat paduan royal flush benar-benar sukar.
Straight Flush Lima kartu berurut dari macam kembang yang serupa, contoh-contohnya merupakan kartu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Four of a Kind Empat kartu dengan angka yang masih sama di setiap tipe kembang, contoh 4 anak ditambahkan satu kartu bebas.
Full House Tiga kartu dengan angka sama selanjutnya dikombinasi 1 pasang kartu PAIR. Contoh : Tiga Kartu 9, dan 2 Kartu Q.
Flush Lima type kembang serupa. (tak mesti berturutan, contoh : 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 seluruhnya hati)
Straight 5 Kartu dengan angka berturutan (3 wajik, 4 Hati, 5 Hati, 6 Sekop, 7 Keriting)
Three of a Kind Tiga kartu angka yang persis sama (5 hati, 5 wajik, 5 keriting)
Two Pair yakni dua pasang kartu dengan angka serupa.
Pair saja ialah satu pasang kartu yang mempunyai angka sama.
High Card kartu paling tinggi tanpa ada angka dan tipe serupa.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Tentang Dewatogel
Berapa Minimum Deposit dan Withdraw Di Situs Dewatogel ?
Buat Deposit Di Dewatogel cuman 10 ribu, Dan Withdraw cuma 50 ribu.
Bagaimana Metode Daftar Di Dewatogel ?
Buat Mendaftarkan cuman perlu click knop daftar, Lalu isi formulir secara betul dan komplet. Syaratnya ringan, Adalah udah miliki rekening bank yang hendak dipakai untuk proses depo ataupun wd ke depannya.
Dengan Langkah Apa Saja Dalam Proses Negosiasinya?
Di Dewatogel dapat memakai bank bca, berdikari, cimb niaga, danamon, bri atau bni. Tentu saja siap depo pulsa telkomsel dan XL dan uang electronic yang lain adalah : ovo, gopay, dana, linkaja atau sakuku.
Bonus Apa Saja Yang Di Kasih Oleh Dewatogel ?
Selaku Peserta Anyar Kedepan kamu bakal mendapat bonus new anggota, Terkecuali itu ada bonus cashback, rakeback, referal dan kontes Togel sampai beberapa ratus juta idr tiap-tiap bulannya.
Apa situs Dewatogel Punya APK Mobile ?
Ya Dewatogel Meliki Terapan Mobile, kamu dapat langsung mengunduh terapan idn Togel pada smartphone android atau ios.
Apa Dewatogel Online 24 jam ?
Pastinya, Sebab Dewatogel Merupakan bandar Togel online ternama tak pernah off. Serta selalu memberi yang terpilih terhadap semua anggota dewa Togel.
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ἀλήθεια - the state of not being hidden; Jesus Christ is your only answer!
Thursday, February 7, 2013
Population Control Propagandist: “We Get Very Little Opposition From The Public”
by Jurriaan Maessen
During a recent lecture the head of the elite-funded, soap opera-producing Population Media Center admitted that his organization encounters “very little opposition of the public because of the very gradual evolution of the characters”.
The US-based Population Media Center, which produces soap operas worldwide with the aim of reducing populations, said that his organization hardly encounters any resistance from both governments and audiences in the nations where its melodramas are aired:
In answer to a question by an audience member if his organization experiences any opposition from the governments in the nations concerned, Ryerson stated:
“Hardly any. (…) One of the things about this strategy is: because we’re working to support the governments’ policies, they are very enthusiastic about it.”
“We get very little opposition of the public because of the very gradual evolution of the characters.”, Ryerson said.
The president of the Population Media Center makes clear: the strategy employed by the Media Center in its international programs is based on anincremental introduction of “reproductive health” issues. The justification given for its infilitrations: global agreements on population such as the 1994 Cairo Conference on Population, organized as part of Agenda 21. Ryerson explains (1:05):
“When we go into a country, we explain to them we are there to help them promote their policies”. Reason he gives for this statement: because those nation are signatories to global “agreements” like the UN population summit in 1994. Also: the idea of using incrementalism as a way to not incite suspicion among the viewing audience is something already tried and tested in South-America. As Ryserson explained in a 2005 paper:
“Serial melodramas using the methodology developed by Miguel Sabido of Mexico for promoting reproductive health have been remarkable in that they have attracted no serious opposition in any country.(…). Through the gradual evolution of characters in response to problems that many in the audience also are facing, soap operas can show adoption of new, non-traditional behaviors in a way that generates no negative response from the audience.”
“No negative response”- that’s the thing, according to Ryerson. In his 2005 paper he continues to note that “because of the bonds that have been formed by this stage between audience members and characters, and because of the commonality of problems between characters and the audience, audience members tend to accept these changes, even though they may challenge some cultural traditions. Because they deal with issues that are as sensitive as sexual relationships and reproduction, it is especially important that such programs are designed not to build opposition or cause a backlash.”
In his recent speech, Ryerson stressed that his organization is “working with the Hollywood community” with the stated goal of convincing audiences in the US to stop producing children because “Americans have the highest per capita output of greenhouse gas”.
“Decisions on reducing family size, in developed countries in particular, are the least expensive intervention we can make to reduce impact on the climate”.
He stresses that “if we don’t solve the population problem, we are not going to solve the climate crisis either”.
Ryerson’s Population Media Center is involved in the writing and producing of soap operas with embedded messages designed to convince people all over the world to cut the number of children. He recently bragged that its population control brainwashing campaign in developing nations has been “a smash hit.” During an interview with PeakProsperity’s Chris Martenson, Ryerson boasted that (radio) soap operas are by far the most effective way to cull populations worldwide.
“One of the things that we do – and that is the primary thing we do – is to use a strategy of communications that has turned out, from everything we have been able to measure, to be the most cost-effective strategy for changing behavior with regard to family size and contraceptive use on a per-behavior change basis of any strategy we have found on the planet.”
Ryserson explains that fictional platforms have proven to be quite successful as carriers of crypto-eugenic messages aimed at population reduction:
“(…) the use of long-running serialized dramas, melodramas like soap operas, in which characters gradually evolve from the middle of the road in that society into positive role models for daughter education, delaying marriage and childbearing until adulthood, spacing of children, limiting of family size, and various other health and social goals of each country. And we have now done such programs in forty-five countries.”
“That”, Ryerson explained, “is the kind of thing that can dramatically change demographic trends globally. We need to greatly expand this type of work.”
In the speech, Ryerson pledged his allegiance to the father of modern-day crypto-eugenics: Paul Ehrlich- who, by the way, called for sterilants in the water to depopulate the United States. To illustrate how Ryerson views coercive methods of birth control, the following example gives you some idea. In his lecture Ryerson (34.00) said he had been in India in 1975, when Indira Gandhi imposed involuntary sterilization campaigns. Ruerson goes on to decry that the family planning efforts by the “international community” collapsed as a result of her programs.
“It was a total mess”, Ryerson said. ” She was very concerned about India’s population problem but she didn’t try the right strategy.”
No moral indignation from Ryerson about Gandhi’s mandatory sterilization campaigns- just poor strategy.
Ryerson continues by stating that emotion outplays the intellect when it comes to the population reduction propaganda effort (36:30):
“What psychologists tell us is that emotional involvement enhances memory. So if you’re highly involved emotionally, in an emotionally-based melodrama, and you learn lessons from it, you’ll remember those for the rest of your life.”
To illustrate that Ryerson’s arrogance knows no bounds, here’s a clip from an interview two days ago, where he told San Diego local television that the soap-operas they produce “make better mothers”.
Ryerson told San Diego’s KPBS that the soap operas produced by his Population Media Center promote gender-equality as a means of lowering birth rates worldwide. He added that their soaps, which include messages to women about the advantages of limiting their households to one or two children, also “make better mothers”.
As I pointed out in an earlier article, Ryerson’s Media Center is heavily sponsored by the corporate and “philanthropic” elites. On its slick-looking website, the Center states “contributions from and partnerships with the following organizations have enabled us to do work which initiates improved health in people all around the world, while providing engaging entertainment!”. Their list counts many UN affiliates among its “contributors”, as well as USAID divisions operating in so-called “high-fertility nations”:
“The Population Institute, Population Matters, PSI, RAES, Rare, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Save the Children Norway/ Ethiopia, Save the Children US, Texas A&M University, Tree Aid, UCLA School of Public Health, UNDP Burkina Faso, UNDP Headquarters, UNDP Kyrgyzstan, UNDP Papua New Guinea, UNDP Swaziland, UNDP Sierra Leone, UNFPA Burkina Faso, UNFPA Ethiopia, UNFPA Headquarters, UNFPA Jamaica, UNFPA Kyrgyzstan, UNFPA Malawi, UNFPA Nigeria, UNFPA Papua New Guinea, UNFPA Philippines, UNFPA Rwanda, UNFPA Senegal, UNFPA Sierra Leone, UNFPA Vietnam, UNICEF Ethiopia, UNICEF Headquarters, UNICEF Kyrgyzstan, UNICEF Sierra Leone, The Unitarian Society, University Research Co. LLC, UN Women, USAID Jamaica, USAID Kyrgyzstan, USAID Mali, USAID Niger, USAID Rwanda, USAID Senegal, US Embassy/Department of State, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.”
In addition, the Center receives funding from literally all the major foundations including the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Foundation, Bank of America Charitable Gift Fund, The David Rockefeller Fund, Ford Foundation, and the IMF Employees’ Fund.
When we take a look at the Center’s program advisory board we encounter some familiar names, including Paul and Anne Ehrlich, as well as World Bank luminary Herman Daly (who recently called for smaller, less “resource-intensive” people top bred into existence). Interestingly, some names from Hollywood pop up, advising the population center on how to best convince audiences worldwide to cull themselves. Among the names mentioned we find director Jeremy Kagan, renound because of his many film and television projects.
By stating that his organization encounters “very little opposition” from governments and audiences worldwide, not to mention that his soap operas “make better mothers”, Ryerson is out in the open about a conscious effort to use the fictional format in order to reduce the world’s population.
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Transport to bardzo ważna dziedzina, która ma wpływ na rozwój czynników społecznych, ekonomicznych ekologicznych, przestrzennych i funkcjonalnych. System transportowy wpływa na jakość życia w mieście i stanowi jego integralną część, a jego stopień rozwoju decyduje o dostępności komunikacyjnej danego obszaru.
Co wchodzi w skład systemu transportowego?
System transportowy elementy ma zebrane w cztery podsystemy. Pierwszym z nich jest komunikacja indywidualna, w skład której wchodzą elementy liniowe, czyli sieci drogowe i uliczne oraz elementy punktowo-sieciowe, takie jak parkingi, punkty przeładunkowe i zaplecza techniczne oraz potoki ruchu. Komunikacja zbiorowa, kolejny podsystem, składa się z elementów liniowych, czyli układu linii, elementów punktowo-sieciowych, czyli dworców, przystanków, zapleczy oraz warsztatów naprawczych, taboru i potoków pasażerskich. Kolejnym podsystemem jest pieszy i rowerowy. Zawiera on elementy liniowe, czyli sieć pieszych ciągów i rowerowych oraz wszelkie elementy punktowe, czyli punkty widokowe i urządzenia postojowe dla rowerów. Ostatnim podsystemem jest ten, który dotyczy kolei, dróg, wody i powietrza. Jeśli chodzi o ten system transportowy elementy ma liniowe, czyli sieci i linie oraz punktowe, czyli dworce, przystanki, porty, warsztaty i zaplecza.
Jakie są funkcje systemów transportowych?
Funkcji systemów transportowych może być kilka. Pierwszą z nich jest usługowa i to właśnie od niej zależy sprawność układu komunikacyjnego. Funkcja może być także stymulująca rozwój obszaru, która polega na udostępnieniu terenu, a także na rozwijaniu podaży usług transportowych. Kolejną funkcją jest hamująca, której zadanie polega na tworzeniu barier transportowych. Ostatnią funkcją jest tworzenie kompozycji przestrzennych.
Czym cechuje się system transportowy?
Główna cechą systemu transportowego jest jego złożoność. System transportowy składa się z wielu elementów, a także z interakcji i reakcji pomiędzy nimi i otoczeniem. Inną cechą jest probabilizm, który cechuje się nieprzewidywalnością różnych zjawisk, stanów, relacji i sprzężeń pomiędzy procesami zachodzącymi w transporcie.Kolejną, ważną cechą w systemie transportowym jest jego dynamiczność. Podlega on zmianie w czasie, przestrzeni i szybko adaptuje się do nowych uwarunkowań. System transportowy ma także ograniczoną zdolność do samoregulacji. System ten jest stworzony przez człowieka, dlatego nie ma możliwości samolikwidacji zaistniałych odchyleń, zdarza się również, że działa zawodnie.
Więcej informacji znajdziesz na stronie system transportowy elementy.
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Fixed charges of Rs200-1,000 on domestic electric consumers
By Muhammad JuniadPublished On 22 Jun 2024
According to the details, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) has introduced new electricity tariffs which will be applicable from July 1. Five monthly charges of Rs200-1000 are fixed in the electricity bills of residential consumers depending on the monthly units consumed. And the same has been increased to 300 percent for commercial and 355 percent for industrial customers.
This will help Distribution Companies (DISCOs) to increase their revenue through fixed charges. Domestic consumers using 301-400 units per month will pay fixed charges of Rs200 per month from July 1, 2024 and those using 401-500 units will pay Rs400. The consumers using 501-600 units will have to pay Rs600.
Residential users using 601-700 units will pay Rs800 per month and those using more than 700 units will pay fixed charges of Rs1,000 per month.
The customers using TOU (Time of Use) meters will also pay fixed charges of Rs1,000 per month.
Commercial consumers with a load of less than 5KW will also pay fixed charges of Rs1,000 per month. However, commercial consumers of electricity with a load of 5KW or more will now pay Rs2,000 increasing from the current Rs500, which has been increased by 300 percent.
Under TOU metering, industrial consumers falling under B1 category consuming up to 25KW will pay Rs1,000 but B2 category consumers will see a 300 percent increase in fixed charges up to 500KW as they will now pay Rs2,000 instead of fixed charges of Rs500 per month.
B3 category industrial consumers consuming 5,000KW will pay fixed charges of Rs2,000 with a 335 percent increase from Rs460 per month. All load users in the B4 category will also experience a 355 percent increase in fixed charges as they will now pay Rs 2,000 per month from the current Rs440.
At present the total cost of a power unit consists of 72 percent fixed charges and 28 percent variable charges. Still, on the revenue side, fixed charges are only two percent and variable charges are 98 percent. Officials said that the authorities concerned have found a mismatch between the cost and revenue structure in the electricity tariff.
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El greu deficit democratic espanyol / J. Masia
El deficit democratic prove d'una transicio mal feta. Explicare per damunt damunt lo que es una democracia, en concret, el poder votar. Crec que tot lo mon ho sap, pero es que molts es "despisten". Estem en un païs a on els ciutadans trien lliurement als representants politics. A partir d'aci podrem qüestionar el resultat en termens de bo o roïn, ¡Pero mai el procediment! Els partits s'han presentant a les eleccions explicitant en quí pactarien i en quí no. El votant ho ha escoltat per activa i passiva en tots els mijos de comunicacio.
El PSOE es l'unic que s'ha mantengut ferm a les promeses sobre els pactes postelectorals, de moment. La coherencia es bona –i escassa en politica–, encara que alguns s'encaboten en lo contrari.
El PP volia convertir l'anar a votar en un treball forçat en Nadals. Li conve l'aument de l'abstencio, per aixo seleccionà el dia 25 de decembre. Fon tambe una mida de pressio per a culpar al PSOE de les terceres eleccions, pero els ha eixit mal i han reculat. Han tengut la mateixa sensibilitat religiosa que quan escapolaren les arques publiques en la vinguda del papa a Valencia. ¡Ells que son tan catolics, apostolics i romans! ¿Quàn els van a excombregar? Per menys cremaren a Giordano Bruno.
Els faches viuen en un mon paralel a on el PP podria assessinar ad algu, el resucitaria i l'aplaudiren per fer-ho; alguns senyalariem, que sense l'acte criminal no faria falta renaixer, en tot cas, aço no eliminaria la conducta homicida. Per lo tant, no existiria cap motiu per a alabar. Els seus devots no paren de vore virtuts inexistens i es perque reflexionen entre poc i no res. En un PET (tomografia axial per emissions de positrons) voriem cóm la zona del lobul prefrontal s'encen molt poc.
El partit mes mentiros junt al PP ha segut Ciudadanos, li dona igual la carn que el peix. Son els mercenaris lliberals de la politica, el hacendado, els gossos de l'Ibex 35, en l'objectiu de garantisar el capitalisme salvage. Tot el mon, excepte els seus votants, sabia que pactaria en el PP. Aço nos pot fer calibrar l'inteligencia d'alguns espanyolissims electors de "Naranjito". Espanyolissims valencians que obliden o ignoren que Albert Rivera afirma que en la nostra nacio es parla catala https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZQda_J6NIM
Respecte a la pregunta que li feren en El Mundo (28-02-08) "¿Sigue pensando que el concepto Paísos Catalans es culturalmente válido? El conceto [sic] de Paisos [sic] Catalans es utilizado políticamente por el nacionalismo catalán para extender su influencia política y el pancatalanismo.". http://www.elmundo.es/encuentros/invitados/2008/02/2902/
Mes tart arribarà la transformacio com la de Pablo Iglesias. Afirmà que "no li desagrada" el terme països catalans. http://hemeroteca.e-noticies.com/edicio-1783/actualitat/albert-rivera-creu-que-ciutadans-pot-tenir-la-clau-a-barcelona-19917.html
¡¿En qué quedem?! Mentres, el grup de Valencia ciutat de Ciudadanos tilda a Compromís de "pancatalanista". I es queden tan amples. ¿Que no el lligen i escolten? Lo que ocorre es que son igual de necis i de mentirosos que el seu lider. Revisen lo que han dit sobre la finançacio valenciana. No son un partit, son un circ. Han passat d'un no, a l'abstencio i en acabant a un !Si, per favor! Aci en Valencia van de valencianistes, pero son catalanistes declarats. Es com el PP, panca-espanyoliste i lliberal, ¡Che, lo milloret de cada casa!
Tenim al presentador de "Al rojo vivo" dient que les terceres eleccions son un "fracas per al païs" (?!). Me pareix que hi ha massa sobreactuacio. ¿Des de quàn l'eixercici d'un dret basic es l'apocalipsis? Els mijos estan en la seua salsa, nos recorden els dies sense govern i el drama, la tragedia cosmica que comporta estar sense pastor i paralisa a les persones que no volen eixir de les seues cases, tampoc respirar. ¿No hi ha prou pensament catastrofic?
Votar es sempre positiu, nomes les dictadures prohibixen el seu eixercici.
Soraya Sáenz de Santamaria s'està fartant de repetir el mensage de la por, els pensionistes i els funcionaris perillen sense govern estable –o siga del PP–. Es una mentirosa compulsiva. El problema es que seguiran els que han portat a Espanya al major deute de l'historia, els que han saquejat i rebentat el fondo de reserva de les pensions, els que han aprovat la llei mordaça i precarisat el mercat laboral fins a l'extenuacio. La Seguritat Social conta en mes cotisants i encara aixina el sistema es deficitari perque l'ocupacio creada es temporal i precaria i com les cotisacions socials estan en consonancia... Damunt reduixen –subvencionen– les cotisacions empresarials per a activar l'ocupacio ¡Que ningu s'estranye!
Belgica estigue sense govern 541 dies i me pareix que no ha desaparegut ¿Veritat? No dramatisem, perque l'unica tragedia real es mantindre al PP que ha disparat la diferencia entre rics i pobres (80/20), aixina com la desigualtat social (coeficient Gini). ¿Els faches no lligen Eurostat? ¿Es creuen que es la marca d'un nou telefon movil?
Unes terceres o quartes, o les que siguen, votades son un regal, una festa de la llibertat. Està clar que nomes favoriran al PP. ¿Cóm se vorien els periodistes i politics en una dictadura sense poder fer us dels seus drets? Es lo que es mereixen per dir tantes estupidees juntes. Si la gent haguera volgut a Rajoy de president l'hagueren votat tots. La fragmentaria representacio parlamentaria es el desig del poble, a on residix la soberania nacional. Els pot desagradar, pero han de respectar-ho. No patixquen, en les proximes tindrem mes popularistes i mes corrupcio.
Encara que me disgusten els resultats, estare content d'anar al colege electoral. Una cosa es el procediment i una atra el resultat. Quan no t'agrada qui guanya lo que no pots fer es transformar el metodo o el mig a convenencia, perque sino fas que la democracia es torne mes dictadura. Per eixemple, tenim la destrellatada idea de que governe la llista mes votada o modificar la llei electoral per a evitar als nacionalistes. La rao es repartir-se el pastiç entre menys, es un tema de poder exclusivament. No caldra que recorde que eixos nacionalistes foren i son molt utils. Li han donat ara la presidencia de les Corts a Ana Pastor del PP (179 vots). A José María Aznar, gran referent moral de la dreta espanyola i defraudador fiscal, el feren parlar catala en l'intimitat i reconeixer que ETA no era una banda terrorista sino un "moviment vasc d'alliberament". Malaïda hemeroteca i malaït l'oblit, ya està be de pervertir i tergiversar els principis morals quan interessa i al final mostrar-se molt dignes quan no els toca ad ells, importa l'estetica i l'etica encara que sigues de Compromís. Ya es hora de que la ciutadania es crega l'ideal ilustrat d'atrevir-se a pensar. Tambe ajudaria que els mijos i els partits politics mentiren un poc menys. No se qué es mes dificil.
Al remat, vore ad alguns periodistes d'esquerres esgarrar-se les vestidures pel "fracas del païs" dona vergonya aliena per falacia. El consens es important, pero el dissens ho es mes encara perque es el millor antidot contra les dictadures. Vore a intelectuals, empresaris i egregis "socialistes" demanar la gran coalicio es lo normal, conseqüents en la seua ideologia neolliberal. M'hauria agradat vore esta mateixa pressio al PP per a favorir el pacte, en l'anterior llegislatura, entre Ciudadanos i el PSOE. Est es el perillos problema del que cau en gracia. Al PP se li consent tot, inclus els afiliats i votants favorixen l'impunitat i potencien la corrupcio. Encara com que en una democracia la separacio de poders facilita el processament penal. Independencia inconclusa, pero que garantisa que el votant del PP no llegitime en els seus vots el saqueig de les gavines i estar governats per lladres –mala idea sempre, per molta gent que la vote–. Es lo que fan, recorden l'argument: "han segut perdonats en les urnes". ¡Increible!
Que als del colp d'estat els coste entendre el concepte democratic, està be, perque no se pot esperar mes d'ells. En este païs s'oblida la dictadura militar molt pronte, com unes atres coses. "De aquellos barros estos lodos".
Els demane que voten... en trellat, per favor. No hi ha vot mes inutil que aquell que atenta contra la nostra cultura, la riquea i el nostre benestar. Revisen si volen l'apartat de Youtube de ACNV i voran cóm els valencianistes nomes tenim una opcio. Els catalanistes i els neolliberals, igual de roïns, no son la solucio, son el problema.
P. d. Bertold Brecht afirmava que "Hay hombres que luchan un día y son buenos. Hay otros que luchan un año y son mejores. Hay quienes luchan muchos años, y son muy buenos. Pero hay los que luchan toda la vida, esos son los imprescindibles.". Nos deixà Vicenta Mateu, una imprescindible de "els Jurado". Un fort abraç per a Juan Jurado, el seu home, i per a la seua familia. No t'oblidarém.
Imagens: Ciudadanos vip
Jo estimo Catalunya, larazon.es
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It’s been nearly a week since we got back from DC for the annual AWP conference. We felt strange being in DC, happy to see so many friends while many of us feel unsafe in the nation’s capitol due to the current GOP administration.
But we found ways to act up and to resist. We asked apt contributors who stopped by the table to start a conversation [heart] with the administration. We were lucky to see so many apt contributors take part—Ray Shea, Glenn Shaheen, Suzannah Russ Spaar, Lucia LoTempio, Simeon Berry, Alex McElroy, Kurt Klopmeier, Elisa Gabbert, Andrew Bertaina, Aaron Brown, Gillian Devereux, Justin Lawrence Daugherty, Lena Bertone, Yun Wei, Emily Jaeger, Shannon Austin, Danielle Evennou, Meghan Lamb, Kendra Fortmeyer, and Gregory Crosby, and you can read their Conversation Hearts at our Instagram page.
We also had the opportunity to host five great apt contributors and AP authors at a reading on Friday night at the Black Squirrel.
We also co-sponsored a candlelight vigil for free speech on Saturday night across the street from the White House, where we heard so many heartening speeches and readings from astounding writers, including Literary Firsts alum, Melissa Febos, whose speech ended with, (our paraphrase) “A vigil means staying awake and alert during the time when you would normally be asleep. Don’t go to sleep. This vigil is going to last long after we throw these candles away.”
In keeping with that sentiment, we’re committed to staying awake and continuing to resist. We’re working on two events in the Boston area:
First, a marathon reading of Sinclair Lewis’s satirical (though now potentially prescient) political novel, It Can’t Happen Here, which involves a journalist’s fight against the fascist regime of a new president in 1930s US. The reading will be free and open to the public and take approx. 16 hours, but we’re looking forward to it, and we’ll have more info on the date and location soon.
Second, Randolph and I (Carissa) are taking part in the AIDS Walk in June. We’ve done so before as course marshals, but now we’ve assembled an Aforementioned team to walk and raise money and awareness for those living in Boston and Massachusetts with HIV and AIDS. If you’re interested in walking with us, we’d love to have your support! Just visit our page at the AIDS Action Committee site, and click “Join Team.”
And if you’re too far away, or you can’t make it, we hope you’ll consider sending a donation. You can read about where your donation goes at the AAC site.
We feel this cause is particularly important now, with the Affordable Care Act at risk of being eliminated. People with pre-existing conditions will be particularly vulnerable to losing their access to healthcare. We want to help them as much as we can, and we’d love to have your help. Even if you’re not in Boston, and even if you don’t have the means to make a donation, we hope you’ll spread the word and help us reach as many people as possible.
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Understanding the Classic Riddle: 30 Cows in the Field and 28 Chickens
One of the classic riddles that have amused and puzzled many is the scenario involving 30 cows in a field and 28 chickens. This catchy phrase not only entertains but also serves as an engaging way to showcase math and language through a riddle format. Many who hear it often get confused or dismiss it outright, but the underlying math and clever wordplay are worth exploring.
The riddle goes like this: If there are 30 cows in a field, and 28 chickens, how many cows are left? This riddle relies on pronunciation and how quickly we process information. It cleverly plays with how we perceive the statement, challenging our comprehension. The typical response is to get caught up in the numbers instead of listening to the phrasing. This linguistic twist makes it a wonderful tool for educators and storytellers alike.
In an educational setting, utilizing this riddle helps develop critical thinking and listening skills. Students must slow down their processing to catch the play on words. It encourages interaction and discussion, as they work together to decipher the riddle. Additionally, it introduces young learners to basic mathematical concepts while keeping the experience fun and engaging.
Furthermore, the riddle fosters creativity. After discussing it, one can expand into other forms of puzzles or create similar riddles. It can lead to a fun brainstorming session where students try their hand at crafting their own clever phrases or problems. Through such activities, they can strengthen their grasp of language while enhancing their logical reasoning skills.
Interestingly, the riddle also highlights our tendency to rush through information. In a world where instant answers are sought, it serves as a reminder to take a step back. The process of thinking through the riddle reveals much about our approach to problem-solving. By slowing down, we might uncover deeper meanings or solutions, applicable far beyond just this riddle.
This playful riddle has also become a part of popular culture, appearing in songs, games, and other forms of media. The phrase often elicits nostalgic reactions from those who remember hearing it in childhood, creating connections between generations. It serves not just as a riddle but as a bridge that connects people through shared knowledge and experiences.
In addition to its fun and educational value, exploring this riddle allows for deeper discussions on mathematics, wordplay, and logic. It encourages individuals to challenge their understanding and perceptions of both language and numbers. Beyond being just a riddle, it encapsulates lessons on communication and comprehension, essential skills for effective interaction.
Moreover, this classic riddle can be an excellent way to introduce statistics and probability in an engaging manner. The scenario offers a platform to discuss various statistical concepts while incorporating playful dialogue. Teachers can relate the riddle to real-life scenarios, making math feel less intimidating and more relatable to students.
Finally, as we delve into this fun riddle involving 30 cows and 28 chickens, we uncover layers of linguistic artifice, mathematical principles, and valuable life lessons. The more we explore it, the richer our understanding becomes, reminding us of the joys inherent in both learning and laughter.
The Mathematical Breakdown of the Riddle
Exploring the Numbers
To understand the riddle better, let’s break down the numbers involved. There are 30 cows total, and the phrase ‘28 chickens’ can lead many to mistakenly calculate as if there’s a literal count of chickens instead of interpreting the phrase as a play on words. The key here lies in how the phrase is articulated and perceived.
Many people initially think of the problem as being primarily numerical and miss the essence of the riddle, which is more about how the phrase sounds when spoken aloud. It creates a humorous disconnect that challenges the listeners, often resulting in some entertaining responses.
In traditional counting, 30 cows and the mention of 28 (not a number of chickens to count but instead a statement), would lead to the humorous realization that indeed, the question becomes, 'how many cows are left?' and not a literal counting of animals in the field.
When focusing on the riddle’s structure, we can utilize a table for clarity:
Cows | Chickens |
30 | 28 (the phrase sounds like 'twenty ate') |
The Importance of Language Play
Engaging with Riddles
The playfulness of language is highlighted in this riddle. It taps into a fundamental aspect of learning—how we perceive sounds and meanings. By engaging with such language games, people can enhance their vocabulary, improve their listening skills, and develop a more nuanced understanding of language. For young learners, it’s a fun way to explore phonetics, semantics, and comprehension.
Using riddles can serve as a valuable tool in language education. It provides a safe and engaging way for learners to experiment with language, leading them to discover patterns and meanings without the pressure of a traditional learning environment.
Moreover, riddles such as this one stimulate critical thinking. They encourage participants to think outside the box, consider alternative meanings, and explore various interpretations of language. In a classroom or family setting, it becomes a collaborative experience that fosters communication and dialogue.
Language play is also significant beyond just riddles. It cultivates creativity, promotes linguistic diversity, and enriches conversational skills. Engaging with language games encourages a playful spirit that can lead to a lifelong love of learning.
Incorporating these types of riddles into daily life can enhance discussions at home or in educational settings. They provide an avenue for laughter while simultaneously teaching important lessons about language, mathematics, and logic.
Ultimately, the simplicity of ‘30 cows in the field and 28 chickens’ belies the depth of learning and discovery that can arise from such playful interactions with language.
By expanding on the principles at play in riddles, we can create lasting educational experiences that stay with individuals long after the riddle is first posed.
The engagement with language and numbers creates a joyful experience. It’s this mix of fun and learning that captures the essence of education—where we can grow while enjoying the process.
Therefore, as we explore classic riddles, we can celebrate not just their humor but also their ability to enhance our understanding of the world around us.
Exploring Variations of the Riddle
Diversifying the Fun
Once familiar with the classic riddle, many enjoy experimenting with variations to keep the fun alive. By changing the numbers or animals involved, one can engage in a creative exercise that sharpens problem-solving skills while enhancing language comprehension.
Consider rephrasing the riddle with different animals: “If there are 40 sheep in the meadow and 35 ducks fly by, how many sheep remain?” Here, the structure mirrors the original riddle while providing a fresh challenge. Adjusting these figures can evoke new thinking strategies and responses.
Additionally, changing the context can lead to more creative results. Imagine rephrasing to include occupations, “If 20 builders are working on a site, and 15 architects are reviewing plans, how many builders are focused on their task?” This new setting can spark different insights and discussions about work dynamics and collaboration.
It’s fascinating to witness how an initial riddle evolves. Each variation can lead to different angles of analysis, and it serves to demonstrate the adaptability and creativity of language. This can be especially powerful when used in educational contexts, where adaptability is key to effective learning.
Teachers can encourage students to develop their own riddles, fostering a sense of ownership and creativity. It enables learners to express themselves, utilize their imaginations, and improve their linguistic skills. Engaging in this way can create an environment filled with laughter and collaboration.
Riddles have the power to unite individuals across different backgrounds. When shared within a community, it can create bonding experiences, as each person contributes their interpretations or variations of the riddle. This collective creativity strengthens social ties.
Ultimately, the flexibility of the original riddle underscores the importance of play in education and social interaction. As we explore new ways to engage with these ideas, we promote ongoing learning and connection.
Every time the riddle transforms, so too do our understanding and appreciation for language and numbers. Through this continued exploration, we discover new facets of communication that can enhance learning and make it enjoyable.
Engaging Audiences with the Riddle
Creating Community Connections
Engaging audiences with the riddle extends beyond classrooms or homes. Community events can leverage the playful spirit of riddles to connect individuals of all ages. This creates a dynamic atmosphere where laughter and learning thrive together. Community fairs, libraries, or local clubs can introduce riddles to break the ice or facilitate discussions among participants.
Inclusivity is a hallmark of riddle engagement. All age groups can participate, from children to seniors, creating intergenerational bonding moments. During gatherings, posing such riddles can foster discussions that weave stories, insights, and shared laughter among diverse audiences.
Furthermore, organizations can use riddles as part of team-building activities. By encouraging collaboration to solve riddles, group members strengthen relationships and cultivate camaraderie. This shared experience nurtures communication skills, problem-solving abilities, and teamwork, all while having fun.
Encouraging creativity through these riddles can bring about innovative community initiatives or competitions. They can inspire community members to think creatively, collaborate, and devise solutions to problems faced within their neighborhoods.
Social media platforms are another avenue for sharing riddles, where communities can engage virtually. Online groups can host riddle challenges, sparking friendly competition and boosting engagement among participants. It encourages participation and interaction in a safe digital space.
As communities grow together around this playful language, they also build a rich tapestry of connections. The shared experience of solving riddles promotes shared learning experiences that deepen bonds and foster understanding among individuals.
In essence, the riddle serves not only as entertainment but also as a valuable resource to engage and unite communities. Its underlying principles can enhance both individual learning and social connectivity.
Whether in person or online, engaging audiences with the classic riddle can illuminate paths of creativity and joy, making learning an ever-evolving adventure.
Thus, embracing the playful spirit of riddles in community gatherings promotes a rich environment where everyone feels included and valued.
Benefits of Riddles for Mental Agility
Sharpening Cognitive Skills
Riddles are not just a source of entertainment; they provide significant cognitive benefits. Engaging with riddles like the classic ‘30 cows in the field’ promotes mental agility and sharpens critical thinking. Regular exposure to such mental challenges encourages individuals to think logically and creatively.
The process of solving riddles involves multiple cognitive skills. These can include problem-solving, lateral thinking, and pattern recognition, all of which contribute to an individual’s overall mental acuity. When faced with a riddle, one must analyze the wording, discern possible meanings, and eventually arrive at a solution, engaging the brain in complex ways.
Children, in particular, benefit from the cognitive exercises riddles provide. They help in developing essential skills like comprehension, vocabulary, and reasoning. Exposure to riddles during formative years can build a strong foundation for effective communication and cognitive flexibility later in life.
Additionally, working through riddles can provide stress relief. When individuals engage in playful activities, they release endorphins, promoting happiness and relaxation. The laughter and camaraderie arising from solving riddles can mitigate daily stressors, making it a beneficial practice for mental well-being.
For adults, continuing to engage in riddle-solving can help keep the mind sharp. Lifelong learning is vital for maintaining cognitive function as we age, and riddles offer a fun and low-pressure way to exercise our minds. This mental engagement can delay cognitive decline and promote sharper problem-solving skills.
Moreover, riddles encourage social interaction, contributing to improved mental health. Sharing and solving riddles with others fosters connections that provide support and promote a sense of belonging. In this way, riddles transcend mere words, becoming tools for deeper engagement and relationship-building.
By taking on the challenge of riddles, we embrace opportunities for growth. Each riddle we tackle adds to our cognitive toolkit, arming us with skills that extend beyond the playful realm and into our everyday lives.
Thus, embracing riddles as a form of mental exercise benefits individuals of all ages, ensuring they remain sharp, engaged, and connected.
In summary, incorporating riddles like the one involving cows and chickens into our routines cultivates essential cognitive skills while providing immense joy and laughter.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What does the riddle about the 30 cows and 28 chickens mean?
- How can riddles be used in educational settings?
- Are there any variations of this classic riddle?
- How does solving riddles enhance critical thinking skills?
- Can riddles be beneficial for mental health?
- What age group benefits most from riddles?
- How can families incorporate riddles into their daily life?
- Is there a history behind the riddle of the cows and chickens?
- What kind of community activities can include riddles?
- How do riddles foster creativity in children?
- Can solving riddles help with stress relief?
- How can social media help in sharing riddles?
- What are the long-term benefits of engaging with riddles regularly?
Embracing Riddles in Daily Life
Encouraging Interactive Learning
Incorporating riddles into daily activities can lead to interactive and engaging learning experiences. By making riddles a part of family routines, they encourage laughter, learning, and shared experiences that can strengthen familial bonds. It creates an environment where questions spark curiosity and foster a love for learning.
Riddles can be integrated into car rides, dinner conversations, or family game nights, becoming a delightful tradition. By doing so, families can cultivate an atmosphere filled with curiosity and exploration, where everyone’s thoughts and ideas are valued. This inclusive approach encourages individuals to express themselves and work collaboratively.
Additionally, riddles can serve as icebreakers in social situations or gatherings. They promote engagement and dialogue, helping to bridge gaps among unfamiliar faces. Posing riddles can create instant connections, leading to shared laughter and camaraderie.
Creating a riddle jar at home, where everyone can contribute their favorite riddles, can be a fun way to foster engagement. This simple activity can lead to enjoyable and enriching discussions, with family members sharing their interpretations or personal anecdotes related to the riddles.
Moreover, educators can implement riddles as a method to assess understanding in various subjects. Incorporating riddles into curriculum-based activities can provide a refreshing approach, allowing students to demonstrate their knowledge in a creative manner. It transforms assessments into enjoyable challenges that inspire critical thinking.
As we embrace riddles in our everyday lives, we foster a culture of inquiry. This culture encourages individuals to think creatively, engage with one another, and appreciate the richness of language and learning.
Ultimately, by weaving riddles into the fabric of our daily interactions, we cultivate environments where curiosity reigns supreme. It becomes a delightful dance between language, learning, and laughter, promoting both individual and collective growth.
By encouraging others to participate, we can share joy and enlightenment through the playful spirit of riddles, inspiring everyone to explore the wonders of language and problem-solving.
In conclusion, the journey through riddles enriches our lives, connecting us through shared experiences while unlocking deeper understanding.
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Understanding the "Never Gonna Give You Up" Meme
The "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme has become an iconic element of internet culture, beloved for its humor and nostalgia. Originating from Rick Astley's 1987 hit song of the same name, this catchy tune has transcended its musical origins to become a form of digital trickery known as "Rickrolling." This playful bait-and-switch has captivated audiences since its inception, allowing people to engage in a lighthearted manner, often leading to shared laughter and community bonding. By cleverly disguising links to the music video behind seemingly relevant content, users have turned this meme into a viral sensation.
The origins of the meme can be traced back to 2007 when it first gained traction on sites like 4chan and YouTube. Since then, it has evolved, captivating not just internet veterans but also a newer generation of users who may not be familiar with Astley's original work. The element of surprise is what makes Rickrolling an effective prank – unsuspecting individuals click on a link expecting valuable content but instead find themselves enjoying an infectious pop song. The juxtaposition of expectations and reality contributes to its humor, reinforcing the idea of playful deception.
What makes the "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme particularly fascinating is its adaptability. It has been utilized in countless forms—images, video remixes, and even merchandise—allowing it to permeate various aspects of internet culture. From social media platforms to forums and chatrooms, the meme thrives on its versatility, ensuring it remains relevant over time. Additionally, the meme carries a sense of nostalgia for those familiar with the late '80s music scene, offering a delightful throwback to simpler times.
The catchy chorus of Rick Astley’s song serves as the perfect backdrop for many humorous edits and adaptations, making it a suitable choice for parody and satire. In the digital age, where meme culture thrives on rapid consumption and humor, "Never Gonna Give You Up" stands as a prime example of how a simple concept can lead to widespread engagement. The collective nature of this meme encourages community interaction, as users share their experiences and reactions to being Rickrolled.
One reason for the meme's longevity is its cultural resonance. It has reached beyond niche internet communities and seeped into mainstream media, appearing in television shows, movies, and even advertisements. This crossover appeal helps to maintain its popularity and invites new audiences into the fold. Furthermore, the feel-good message of the song itself resonates with themes of loyalty and commitment, creating a dichotomy that is humorously reflected in the Rickroll.
In contemporary contexts, the meme has been used as a form of protest, marketing strategy, and social commentary, showcasing its versatility and relevance across platforms. The act of being Rickrolled has become almost a rite of passage in the digital world, prompting users to embrace the joke and take it in stride. The acceptance of Rickrolling as a harmless prank highlights the shared understanding and camaraderie among internet users.
Moreover, the meme’s simplicity allows for it to be easily replicated and modified, making it accessible to a broader audience. It invites creativity, allowing users to add their twist, whether through remixes or humorous captions. This participatory nature of memes fuels engagement and encourages more people to join in on the fun, regardless of their familiarity with the original song or artist.
As the "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme continues to evolve, it raises interesting questions about the nature of humor and memory in the digital landscape. How does a song from the 80s become a central figure in contemporary meme culture? The answer lies in the inherent desire to connect and share joy, even through something as simple as a playful prank. The meme serves as a reminder of our shared human experience and the joyous moments that can arise from an unexpected twist.
In conclusion, the "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme embodies the essence of what it means to engage with internet culture. It serves as a playful reminder to not take things too seriously while encouraging creativity and camaraderie. As long as there's an internet, the lighthearted spirit of Rickrolling will continue to thrive and evolve.
How the Meme Works
Mechanics of Rickrolling
Rickrolling is simple at its core. It usually starts with a hyperlink, which claims to lead to something enticing, such as a news story or video. When clicked, however, users are redirected to the music video for "Never Gonna Give You Up." The surprise element is key; individuals are often confused, amused, and then ultimately join in on the laughter. The prank's spontaneity makes it all the more enjoyable, creating a shared moment between the trickster and the unsuspecting victim. This method of engagement fosters a sense of community, prompting more users to participate and share their Rickrolling experiences.
The Viral Growth of the Meme
Social Media Influence
Social media has played a significant role in the viral nature of the "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme. Platforms such as Twitter, TikTok, and Instagram have allowed users to easily share and propagate the joke, reaching wider audiences. The ability to create and share memes has democratized humor, allowing anyone with a smartphone to participate in the fun. Hashtags associated with Rickrolling have also contributed to its visibility and continued relevance, enabling conversations around the meme to flourish.
The Impact on Music Culture
Rick Astley’s Revival
Due to the meme's resurgence, Rick Astley's career experienced a revival. Once a one-hit-wonder, he became a pop culture figure synonymous with the internet prank. Concerts and interviews began highlighting his legacy, with fans celebrating not just the meme but also his original contributions to music. This intersection of internet culture and music showcases how memes can breathe new life into forgotten artists, prompting discussions about the evolution of fame in the digital age.
Memes in the Context of Humor
Psychology of Humor
The "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme is a prime example of how humor can serve as a social bonding tool. Research indicates that humor can improve mood and foster connections between individuals. The sense of belonging that comes with being part of a joke shared across communities enhances social interactions. The playful nature of Rickrolling invites collaboration, allowing users to create their variations while still honoring the original concept.
Appealing to Different Generations
Interestingly, the "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme appeals to various demographics. While it originated from the 1980s, it has found its way into the hearts of younger generations. The unexpected humor of being Rickrolled serves as a bridge between age groups, facilitating intergenerational connections and discussions about the origins of the meme. Through this cross-generational appeal, the meme has also sparked curiosity about the original song, encouraging younger audiences to discover Rick Astley’s music.
Usage in Marketing Strategies
Some brands have cleverly embraced the meme in their marketing strategies, utilizing Rickrolling as a playful way to engage customers. Whether it’s a viral ad campaign or a social media post, brands have effectively harnessed the meme’s charm to reach potential customers in an entertaining way. This strategy not only entertains but also helps to create a relatable brand image that resonates with audiences, demonstrating that even corporations can have a sense of humor.
The Future of Rickrolling
The beauty of internet memes lies in their ability to evolve. The "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme will likely continue to adapt, finding new ways to resonate with audiences in an ever-changing digital landscape. As internet culture grows, the anticipation surrounding new versions or iterations of the meme will keep it fresh in the minds of users. The dialogue surrounding the meme may change, but the underlying humor is likely to remain timeless.
Potential Drawbacks of Rickrolling
Although Rickrolling is generally seen as light-hearted fun, it does have potential drawbacks. There are situations where it could be considered inappropriate or annoying, such as during serious discussions or in professional contexts. It’s essential for individuals to gauge their audience and apply discretion when utilizing the meme to avoid miscommunication or offending others. Balance is key, ensuring that the humor fits the environment it is shared in.
Emotional Responses to the Meme
Laughter and Connection
When someone gets Rickrolled, the range of emotions can vary. While initial confusion is common, many find themselves laughing at the unexpected twist. This reaction exemplifies the meme's effectiveness in bringing people together through shared humor. It creates a moment of connection, where individuals can bond over their experiences of being Rickrolled. This emotional response reinforces the community aspect of internet culture, promoting engagement and shared laughter across the web.
Table: Essential Information About the "Never Gonna Give You Up" Meme
Aspect | Details |
Original Artist | Rick Astley |
Release Year | 1987 |
Meme Creation Year | 2007 |
Key Features | Surprise, Humor, Nostalgia |
Common Platforms | 4chan, YouTube, Twitter, TikTok |
Demographic Appeal | All age groups |
Type of Content | Meme, Video, Image Remixes |
Psychological Impact | Bonding, Laughter |
Common Questions About the Meme
- What is a Rickroll?
- How did the meme start?
- Why do people find it funny?
- Can the meme be considered offensive?
- How can I create my own Rickroll?
- Is there a way to avoid being Rickrolled?
- What impact has the meme had on Rick Astley?
- Are there other songs that have been turned into memes?
- Why do people still use this meme today?
- Is Rickrolling an effective marketing strategy?
- How has social media influenced Rickrolling?
- Can Rickrolling be a form of protest?
- What are some creative ways to Rickroll someone?
The "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme represents more than just a playful prank; it encapsulates a shared cultural experience that transcends generations. Engaging with this meme provides an opportunity to connect with others through laughter, creativity, and nostalgia. As you explore the world of memes, consider how they can enhance your interactions with friends and online communities. Whether you choose to Rickroll or simply enjoy the humor, remember the power of laughter in uniting people across the digital landscape.
Keep in mind that while it’s all in good fun, it’s essential to engage responsibly and respect the feelings of those you interact with online. Embrace the joyful spirit of memes while promoting kindness and consideration among your fellow internet users. Sharing a laugh through a well-timed Rickroll can be a delightful experience, creating cherished memories and connections that last well beyond the screen.
As you immerse yourself in the world of memes, explore the creativity and spontaneity that they bring. Join the ranks of those who have enjoyed the "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme, whether as a spectator or participant. Share it with friends, and invite them to join in on the fun, creating laughter and joy together. Don't shy away from the opportunity to uplift others through humor and connection; after all, the internet was designed to foster community and understanding.
Lastly, always remember that memes should be shared responsibly and with love. Internet culture thrives on creativity and collaboration, but kindness should remain at the forefront of our interactions. As you delve deeper into the intricacies of memes, let the spirit of fun, friendship, and laughter be your guiding light. Engage with the humor, stay mindful of your audience, and enjoy the delightful experience of internet culture that we all share.
In closing, the "Never Gonna Give You Up" meme stands as a testament to the evolution of digital humor and its ability to foster connections among diverse audiences. By participating in this lively community, you're not just partaking in a meme; you're contributing to a shared experience that spans generations. So, embrace the laughter and keep the spirit of Rickrolling alive as you navigate the vibrant world of internet culture.
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Reductil 10 mg, Clenbuterolo 40/60 mcg, Fluoxetine : ordinare minimo 60 pillole e avrai 10 pillole in regalo!
Per ogni ordine pagato a mezzo Crypto (BTC,ETH, etc.) il nostro cliente ricevera' un blister regalo
Per ordini superiori a 300 pillole oppure bulk ordini, si e' invitati a contattarci alfine di ottenere un prezzo speciale.
Any trademark names used on this site including Viagra®, Cialis®, and Levitra® and other trademarks are the property of each trademark holder. Information on this online pharmacy site is provided for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. You should not use the information on this online pharmacy site for diagnosing or treating a medical or health condition. You should carefully read all product packaging. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider.
Certified Pharmacy Supplier
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Since 1968 American Autoclave Company is a leading supplier of technologically advanced Autoclaves, Composite and Oven systems.
Our mission at American Autoclave Company is to deliver the best possible equipment to facilitate in our customers' success. To this end, we have designed, manufactured, and installed some of the most advanced autoclaves in the world for sectors including industrial, commercial, research and educational facilities.
Adhering to industry standards and certifications, our design methodology draws from our company philosophy of carefully listening to our customers, thoroughly understanding the project specifications, and applying our years of expertise to fulfill our customer requirements.
We would like to thank you for taking the time to visit our website and considering us for your current and future projects. Please take a look at our site to learn more about all we have to offer. Additionally, we welcome you to explore our online quotation form and familiarize yourself with some of the questions related to providing you with a clear proposal that fits your needs.
And if you would like, send us an inquiry from the comfort of your chair, or contact us at any stage with any questions you may have. A consultant will follow up and answer any remaining questions you might have in making informed decisions toward your project.
Some of the additional services and support we offer include:
Autoclave and Oven Control Systems, Emission Testing, Calibration Services, New, Used, Remanufactured, Refurbished Autoclaves & Ovens available upon request, Preventative Maintenance Contracts & Inspection Reports, On-site Retrofitting, Repairs, Relocation Services, Consulting and Training.
In addition, we provide factory direct worldwide service covering a wide variety of industries including aerospace, automotive, and marine, also specializing in retrofits to existing units to meet your changing needs.
American Autoclave Company 2021
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Communication is supposed to cause something. That’s the point of it.
So, every communication needs a Call To Action – where you call the recipients to act.
These actions could be:
- Asking them to do one of many things – make a decision, give you advice, take an action, endorse your actions, allocate budget, recommend you to others, and so on
- A one-off (“Please do X”) or recurring (“From now on, every time Y happens, please do Z”).
- Immediate (“Please do X now”) or delayed (“Please do X before Friday”)
- A yes/no choice (“please can you do X – yes or no?”); or – often better – a choice of yeses (“to progress this, we have two options here – X or Y. Which do you prefer?”)
But, you can group all these Calls To Action under one of three main types:
- You choose the Call To Action – “please can you do X?”
- The other person chooses the action – so you ask them “what would you advise we do next?”
- Neither of you chooses the action
As I said in the Tip’s Title, two of these work, and one of them’s dreadful.
Obviously, the last one’s the dreadful one. Because if neither of you specify an action, there won’t be one. Which means your communication won’t have achieved something. Which, as the first sentence of this Tip said, was the only point of communicating it in the first place.
But what of the other two types – you choose the action or they do – which is better?
Well, it depends.
When you choose, you lead the discussion and subsequent action. Plus, if you suggest options that you’re happy with and they accept one of them, everyone’s happy.
But, it’s also often a good idea to ask for their suggestions for next steps. Firstly, they might think of better actions than you would have thought of.
But people are also very wedded to things they’ve come up with. I once asked my teenage son to tidy his bedroom. He, as you might expect, refused. But, when I asked for his advice as to the best way that we keep the house tidier in a way we were both happy with, he came up with some ideas for how he could tidy his bedroom.
And he’s kept to them.
If I can get my 14-year-old to tidy his bedroom, you can convince anyone to do anything.
Have a look at all the main communications you’re making today – in meetings, presentations, conversations etc. How are you going to ensure that each has a Call To Action? And, in which ones are you going to suggest the action, and in which are you going to ask them to? As long as “more than none” of you suggest an action, you’ll get one!
And, for a day when I guarantee you’ll have at least 15 Calls To Action which will dramatically improve how you communicate, have a look at my seminar with Drayton Bird. During the day, we’ll teach you loads of things you can implement immediately to transform your effectiveness every time you communicate.
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Architects can have very full, rewarding lives. Architecture is a dignified career that garners a great deal of respect. It can, however, be a stressful career that can easily overwhelm a person who is not properly prepared for it. The expectations of and demands on professional architects are exceptionally high. The building concepts they create have to be of the best quality in order to satisfy the expectations of their clients and to protect the safety of the people who use the structure. When careers in architecture become difficult or the personal lives of architects become strained, it can lead to addiction and substance abuse. When a professional architect is struggling with severe addiction, they need to submit to treatment for the sake of their personal and professional lives. Professional architects should be aware that addiction rehabilitation programs exist for creative professionals like themselves.
At an addiction treatment center, or a residential rehab, professional architects will go through a detoxification process, considering that it is a substance they are addicted to. Those addicted to a process do not require a detox. Detoxification includes medications that help flush toxins from the system, as well as reduce the stress and danger of withdrawal symptoms. It is highly recommended that people do not go through a detox alone because symptoms can arise that require medical attention. Instead, seek the services of a detox center or rehabilitation center.
After the detox period, the professional architect will receive psychological treatment that will eradicate the root cause of their addiction. If the architect chooses a treatment program that caters to business and creative professionals, they will work with staff and counselors who are familiar with the demands of these professions. They will assist their recovery enormously because the people doing the treatment will understand the workings of their minds. After this period of psychological coaching, counseling, therapeutic activities and healthy recreation, the individual will be prepared to re-enter the world, and will receive ongoing support to succeed.
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A week ago, Wiley published a blog post celebrating 350 years of the academic journal and patting itself on the back for the unparalleled service the publishers have been providing to the scientific community: "Why has the scholarly journal endured?" Four people weighed in with their perspectives on why the academic publishing as conceived hundreds of years ago is so wonderful today. The top two reasons were that the journal provides metrics to judge the scientists and the research published and is a good way to filter out the sea of publications and decide what to read.
The entire post is a perverse inversion of all the problems in academic publishing, presented as good reasons to keep the status quo. It is so out of touch with the conversations and concerns inside the research community, it's jarring. But the real problem for Wiley is that this is not an isolated mistake in PR; this post is representative of the culture inside Wiley and perfectly encapsulates why this corporation is about to march off the cliff.
Everyone knows that past performance is no indication of future results. Many monarchies survived way longer than 350 years, but not because of the extraordinary value they provided to their citizens. And most monarchies saw a day which marked the end of their rule.
I have been interested in science publishing since 2003 when PLOS Biology launched. I have been actively talking to publishers in the past two years. While I give the corporate publishers a hard time and am convinced that it's hard for the publisher to innovate in general, there is something unique about Wiley. Unique in a bad way.
I know many people who are or were in executive positions at all of the major publishers. I know many who were in key positions at Wiley itself. One thing that comes across in conversations with ex-Wiley executives is that this publisher is deep in denial about the looming changes. The culture inside Wiley makes it seem like a Tea Party organization, with Nature and Elsevier as the Green Party radicals. For those who know the corporate publishing world, appearing conservative on the background of the other publishers is not a good distinction.
All my conversations aside, any outside observer can tell that the publishers see the writing on the wall and are desperately trying to figure out how to stay alive and what their role will be in the future. Hence Digital Science from the Nature Publishing Group, acquisition of Mendeley by Elsevier, and the acquisitions of Papers and Biomedcentral by Springer. (UPDATE March 18: Elsevier now refers to itself as a technology company, which is a major shift. From their recent report: "[This] reflects the
transformation of the company to a technology, content and analytics
driven business while maintaining the link with its proud heritage.")
I would love for someone to point me to any signs of creative thinking and attempts to evolve at Wiley. Alas, I think they are busier congratulating themselves on the great service and the wonders of the impact factor. Good luck Wiley.
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As the world opens up more and settles into a new normal, many are still dealing with the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic — including the insurance industry.
Jamie Cox, claims/risk manager, ARA Insurance, Overland Park, Kan., recently shared an inside look at the frequency and severity of insurance claims filed in 2021 and what those mean for the equipment and event rental industry.
Frequency and severity both are used when looking at insurance claim trends. Frequency measures how frequently a type of loss occurs. Severity is a measure of how costly or severe a cause of loss is. This is used to determine the types of claims that cost the most money.
In the interview below, Cox explains the impact the pandemic has had, along with natural disasters. Plus, she takes a look at an emerging trend.
Rental Management: What types of claims did ARA Insurance see the most of in 2021? How did that compare to past years?
Jamie Cox: This year, auto topped the list again for our most frequent claims — specifically auto property damage. To dig in a little deeper, we saw the most claims come in for property damage caused by rear-end accidents. This is why it is important to review proper following distance, distracted driving and driving in inclement weather with your staff.
Rental Management: As the pandemic continues, what impact has that had on the types of claims filed with insurance companies in general and for ARA Insurance in particular?
Cox: Even though small- to medium-sized businesses feel that they are immune to cyberattacks due to the size of their business, the reality is quite the opposite. I have been seeing more and more communication across the insurance industry warning of the potential of cybersecurity incidents and pleading with small businesses to protect themselves. Recently, a survey done by The Identity Theft Resource Center (ITRC) revealed that nearly 60 percent of small business owners have had data compromised, a security breach or both. In addition, the survey revealed that 25 percent of small businesses have had an incident within the past 12 months, and 54 percent experienced a cyber event during the past one to two years. As I write this, I am knocking on wood. ARA Insurance has not experienced an influx of these types of claims, however, I want to caution our members to take the necessary steps to protect themselves. It is my belief that with increased work from home situations, an influx in cybercrime isn’t far away from being the next issue we are dealing with as an industry.
Rental Management: How did people returning to work in offices and traveling for business impact auto claims in 2021?
Cox: Auto claims have consistently been an issue across the board in the insurance world. Year after year we see these types of claims, whether it is for bodily injury or property damage, take over the majority of our losses. In a recent study done by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, it was reported that traffic deaths across the country saw an increase of about 18.4 percent in the first six months of 2021. This was the largest number of projected fatalities in that time period since 2006. So even though we saw a decrease in auto losses with reduced road travel during the pandemic, it appears that these behaviors came back full swing in early 2021.
Rental Management: It seems like there were more wildfires, hurricanes and other natural disasters again last year. Does that put pressure on the insurance market, and will that mean an increase in rates?
Cox: Climate change and increased frequency of catastrophic events certainly put pressure on the insurance markets. One example of why we are experiencing rate increases in the industry is because insurers have been conducting portfolio stress tests in which they test their portfolios to climate risk and adjust or rebalance their exposures. What is harder to predict with climate-driven disasters is the stress it will have on the overall economies. These events have systemic effects making the severity greater. Insurers are needing to meet higher capital requirements for reinsurers to address the increasing needs and pressures of regulators, investors and societies.
Protect your business with ARA Insurance
ARA Insurance is the leading insurer of American Rental Association (ARA) members. For more than 40 years, ARA Insurance has worked with customers to develop rental-specific coverages and improve industry safety by investing in risk management initiatives.
Types of coverage offered include:
- Cyber Suite™
- Employment Practices Liability
- Insurance (EPLI)
- General & Excess Liability
- Inland Marine
- Workers’ Compensation
- Data Compromise
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MIONTUAIRISC NA FINNEACHTA(Minutes of Evidence)Déardaoin, 11adh Mhí na Nodlag, 1930.Thursday, 11th December, 1930.The Committee sat at 11.30 a.m.
DEPUTY J. WOLFE in the Chair. Mr. C. A. Jackson-Jellie called and further examined by the Chairman.1250. Is there anything you wish to add to the statement you made to the Committee when here on the last day?—I think the statements I have sent in cover the ground very fully. The examples I gave may require a little elucidation— their exact purport, I mean. 1251. What is your opinion as to limiting the amount of loans—putting on a minimum loan below which the moneylender could not go?—I did not deal with that. In my own mind it should never be less than £1. 1252. You will agree that the greater number of abuses occur in the case of very small amounts?—It would be a natural sequence, I think. 1253. The difficulty is, are you going to get rid of the small ones altogether?—I am afraid that is not possible, human nature being what it is. 1254. Necessarily in the case of these small loans, in order to make the business pay the interest must be higher?—It must be considerably higher. 1255. Putting on a maximum rate of interest might have the effect of getting rid of these small loans?—It might. 1256. You were good enough to suggest to us 50 per cent.?—I suggested that that is about the lowest that would be economic in the circumstances outlined here. 1257. And in the case of such small loans of £1 would you think 50 per cent. would not be economic?—It would require very great care and facility to collect your debt. 1258. In other words, if the moneylender is engaged in lending sums of £1 he is not likely to become very rich on 50 per cent. interest?—He is not; he could quite as easily go down hill. 1259. Are you aware at all of the effects of the Moneylenders Bill in England, of which the one before the Dáil is practically a copy?—I have no personal knowledge of it. 1260. Someone has suggested—I do not know whether it was before this Committee or not—that 48 per cent. had the effect in England of knocking the very small man out?—I would say that is bound to happen. 1261. You say that would be so also in this country?—I am quite sure it would. 1262. And without fixing the minimum loan the same result may be achieved by the rate of interest fixed—Absolutely. 1263. Deputy Briscoe.—I do not quite agree with the contention that 50 per cent. is going to knock the small man absolutely out. Witness.—Fifty per cent. per annum? Deputy Briscoe.—Yes. Witness.—I am afraid so. 1264. On what do you base that statement?—What does 50 per cent. per annum mean? It means that to any given sum you must add 20 per cent., and you must not seek repayment earlier than spread over a period of forty weeks. 1265. Deputy Little.—What do you mean by adding 20 per cent?—Assuming the loan is £20, you add £4. We will assume £24 was repayable in forty weeks. The nominal rate of interest on the Bill would be 51 per cent. per annum. Deputy Briscoe. 1266. Would not you agree, from your own knowledge of the various kinds of moneylenders—you have to deal with small and large—where a man deals in large sums, say at 48 per cent. or 50 per cent., that the percentage is the same, but that the business itself is different. Where the big man might work handsomely at 48 per cent. or 50 per cent. the small man would not work out so handsomely, because his expenses on the small loans would be different from the expenses on the big loans?—The expenses of the big man are less, so also are his bad debts. He is not in a position to dictate the same terms. These men in the bigger way will safeguard themselves; they will approximate more to the bank position. In a great many cases the small men have not the ability or the training to do this. 1267. Certain sections of the Bill deal with the method of transacting business and they apply to the small as well as to the big loans?—It would appear so. 1268. That being the case, it would be just as easy for the small man in dealing with the regulations laid down in the Bill to protect himself. In a sense he has only protection under the Bill for collecting?—That may appear on first sight, but I do not think he would do the same volume of business. 1269. How do you arrive at that?—He would be slow to take on new customers or to extend the old. 1270. Does it not amount to this, that the small man whom you have in mind is the man with very small capital, and unless he is able to charge a very enhanced rate of interest and get a very frequent turnover he would not thrive at all; but if the man with a big capital were to do a small business it would make no difference to him?—That is quite right. The man with the big interest and the very risky debts has only a struggling chance. If you cut down that interest below the economic point he must go under. 1271. I have given this matter careful consideration. I have had chats with various people in the business and I have come to the conclusion where people are making a case to have a higher rate of interest for the smaller loans it is not so much the interest that is worrying them as their own shortage of capital to engage in the business. Do you agree with that? —Off-hand, I am afraid I could not. Very often there is a shortage of capital. There is no security. I regard the prime factor as security for repayment of the debt. 1272. There are some men lending small sums who have a big clientele. As far as I can gather, they would be quite happy to have 48 per cent.?—Quite. 1273. It is only the man with small capital who is the difficulty?—It is dictated by shortage of capital. 1274. That is one factor?—It emerges from that. It is based on the fact, I think, of slender capital. I am putting that as a virtual example. There is no security. He does not put it as far as your proposition, simply recoupment for the small capital. It is a safeguard for the conduct of the business in that particular way. 1275. I would like to be quite clear on this. The small man, if he were to get 50 per cent., would not have an economic rate?—I would say, if the small man got 50 per cent. per annum and was able to collect his money as and when due, he would have at least a sporting chance. 1276. Would you put it this way? Under the Bill, where the moneylender gets certain protection he has not got now, if he were to get 48 per cent., or we will says 50 per cent., he has an extra guarantee in the shape of security. Where money is borrowed and where the lender is to have the husband’s signature, is he not going to have increased business at a lower rate?—It may follow. 1277. I am stating that it will follow, because at present they are paying up to 100 per cent. and 130 per cent.?—More. 1278. It is keeping a lot of people from borrowing. If there is to be protection and a certain rate you will have people borrowing, because they have protection as well as the lender?—We are going to have the further point of additional expenses, and we must have an increase to get back to our former economic position before we begin to make any progress. 1279. I am not clear on that. I would like, if possible, to be converted to that point of view, but I do not think it would be possible. I believe that in exchange for the protection that the Bill will afford the lender, and also the increased business he is going to have as a result of the business being closed, to a certain extent, to poachers, that the extra expense of putting things on a business footing, by having records and proper returns, is going to work to his advantage?—It will eventually, after he has got over the present peak. 1280. You do not suggest that legislation should be enacted to help people to get to a certain point?—I do not. 1281. Deputy Little.—In your experience, is it owing to the risks taken that bad debts occur?—In most cases. 1282. If that is so, would it not be more advisable for moneylenders to take less risks?—They will have to do so under the new conditions. 1283. The more the interest is cut down the less risks they can take?—There are other factors. You come to the point where it is not worth while doing business at all. 1284. Do you not think it would be advisable in a great many cases if the moneylender did not make any loan?—In a great many cases they would be better off, as far as results go, where the amount might not be repaid, or where people would be slow in doing so. Take a case where repayment is to be made in forty weeks. If every second payment was missed the rate of interest comes down 25 per cent., and that would not pay. 1285. Would not that teach the moneylender not to give a loan to that sort of person?—It is very difficult to discriminate. 1286. Would not the moneylender get to know the type of person who was getting loans—for instance, those who might be getting it, possibly for gambling purposes, or “to blow it”?—All the time you have got to be a judge of human nature. I would like if you would allow Mr. Handleman to tell you about an incident that occurred during the past few weeks. 1287. Deputy Briscoe.—Where a borrower misses making a repayment off the loan, instead of being paid in forty weeks it would be eighty weeks?—The moneylender can add interest now; before he could not. 1288. He is entitled to a full percentage of interest irrespective of the time, so that there is extra protection given to the lender?—Yes. 1289. Deputy Little.—Some moneylenders give loans on good security and charge as low as 10 per cent.?—Yes. 1290. And they welcome that?—Yes. 1291. You will agree that is the kind of business that is most sound?—Perfectly sound, as far as human nature goes. 1292. There are types of people who are themselves the best security but who might not have the kind of security that the banks would take?—Yes. 1293. That is the type of person who would be best served by a moneylender? —Quite. 1294. They would not be affected if the rate of interest was fixed at 20 per cent.? —No. Deputy G. Wolfe. 1295. If the rate of interest was 48 per cent. or 50 per cent., beyond which it could not go, do you not think that you would have a better and more reliable class of client to deal with?—It might tend to work down to that, probably after twelve months. 1296. The small people, as far as I can see, might lose?—They would have a very difficult time. A lot would depend upon themselves whether they would emerge or not. I am satisfied some of them would adapt themselves to the new circumstances. If they did not they are bound to go. There are a good many things to be carried out under the Bill. 1297. If the small man knew that he had to pay 48 per cent. interest he would hesitate before asking for a loan?—To a great extent that is so, but you will not get rid of the innate gambling instinct. It is really gambling. 1298. Deputy Briscoe.—Deputy Wolfe is referring to the borrower as distinct from the lender?—I agree. Deputy Little. 1299. You make a distinction between the nominal rate of interest and the effective rate. You put it this way in your précis of evidence: “Let us assume that a person borrows £15 and contracts to pay back £22 10s. in fifteen weekly payments of 30/- each; the rate per cent. per annum calculated in the terms of the First Schedule to the Bill would seem to be 325 per cent.” Applied to this specific instance, it would be for each weekly payment of £1 10s., £1 to principal account and 10/- to interest?—Yes. 1300. How can you depart from that principle? What do you mean when you mention 1s. 2d. subsequently as an effective rate?—The effective rate is that set out in the example that follows on the next page showing the two allocations of interest. I think you can follow from that that in all these cases of contract the amount will have to be set out, because there would be awkward difficulty when a man comes along and wants to renew his bill or get a new loan and pay up the existing one, and wants credit for the interest. 1301. Would you not accept the principle that where a sum of £15 is borrowed for fifteen weeks, you allocate £1 for each week—you must divide the principal into even sums over the period? —I do not mind that, provided there is machinery for correctly calculating the interest to be allowed in case of earlier repayment. If a man pays at the end of ten weeks there should be an alternative arrangement calculated on the true basis. 1302. What do you call a true basis?— The example sets that out. I take 1/3 per £ per week. In the first week there is nothing taken off for interest or repayment. In the second week there is £1 10s. received. The example on page 2 is explanatory of the whole thing. 1303. Deputy Briscoe.—What would the percentage be per annum?—It would be 284 per cent. Each week we drop the 1/3 per £, and in the last week he pays 1/3 on the balance outstanding. Under the other arrangement he would be paying more interest than the balance of the loan, and that would seem to be absurd. 1304. If a man repays sooner than he arranges to, does not the payment of this interest automatically wipe itself out?—I figured on the parties going before a magistrate. The magistrate will find that if a man is coming to the end of his payments he will have to allow him far more interest that is being charged. In other words, the man is benefiting at the moneylender’s expense. Deputy Cooney. 1305. Have you any knowledge of abuses occurring?—I do not come across those things beyond what I hear or read. 1306. I presume you read the published reports of the sittings of this Committee? —I did. 1307. Are you satisfied that abuses have occurred?—I am satisfied there are black sheep in every flock, but beyond that I have nothing definite. 1308. You have not formed any opinion as to the cause of these abuses?—The cause might be described by a lot of words. Some people would use the term “rapacity.” If a man places undue pressure on a borrower and threatens him in an illegal manner or tries to form a ring of other moneylenders so as to squeeze him out—all those things are totally wrong in any walk of life. 1309. Do you agree that abuses have occurred with small men?—They are bound to occur there. They do not occur with men who borrow £100, £200 or £300 or even down to £50; they are very likely to occur there. 1310. In reply to a question as to what percentage the profession would require in order to carry on, you said that fifty per cent. would be sufficient, judging from the different factors operating here as compared with England?—Yes. I had in mind the collection of debts under legal process. Instalment orders are given, and it is left to the debtor’s sweet will whether they are carried out or not. It might mean incurring additional expense, and I do not think a lender would go that far, because it would scarcely be worth a button doing so. I understand that in the case of England the instalments must be paid into Court by the debtor. That is a different process. 1311. If that were applied here, what would the position be?—It would be beneficial not only to those in a moneylending business, but to every other trade. 1312. If it were in force here, what interest do you suggest?—I would not reduce fifty per cent. for the small loans. I am looking at it from the aspect that they will have certain facilities, and it is up to themselves to use them. I would like to see the other method such as operates in England adopted here, not particularly for moneylenders, but for all classes of traders. 1313. Do you favour the principle of a maximum charge of interest?—Do you mean for small loans? 1314. Is the position in England that a person can arrange whatever rate of interest he desires, and when the case comes into Court, if they are able to show the security was not very strong, they might be justified in charging over that rate?—That is the position. There have been recent decisions on that point. In one case ninety per cent. was allowed, although the Act said 48 per cent. 1315. Deputy Little.—If you were to fix the standard rate at 20 per cent., the Judge would have discretion to allow a greater interest?—Yes, if he considered the securities very shaky. 1316. Deputy Cooney.—I think you said the fixing of 50 per cent. as a rate of interest would cut out the small lender? —I said it would cut out a lot of them. Some of them would survive if they were able to adapt themselves to the new conditions. I am aware a lot will not be able to do so, and they will automatically drop out. 1317. Would that be for the general good of the community?—I do not know. Sometimes with the small borrowers one pound or two pounds mean a little fortune. It would be a great hardship for them if the source of supply were cut off. It is far better that it would be under control. 1318. You stated that instalments are paid into Court in England?—Yes. In this country at the moment all Mrs. Murphy or Mrs. McCaffrey has to do is to ask for the money and get it. Under the new conditions a man would have to think before parting with the money; he would have to weigh up things very carefully, and the money would not be given around in such a prodigal fashion. 1319. Do you agree that in this country it is more easy to collect?—Yes, and I have referred to the fact that the innate honesty of the people is greater. But that does not get you anywhere with persons in tight corners seeking the line of least resistance. Those people would have one or two rooms, and would have very little for repayment. Their honesty would be only a matter of circumstance. They may wish to be honest, but it is not possible for them. 1320. It is more difficult to collect in England than in this country?—Yes; they have more innate honesty here. Apart from that, it is easier because the Court helps. 1321. In England it is much easier for the borrower to disappear from one place to another?—Quite. 1322. Deputy Little.—If the rate of interest on £15 was fixed at 50 per cent. the amount to be paid in interest in the first week would be 12/6, and for the last week it would be 4d.?—Roughly, it would be like that. 1323. Chairman.—In your evidence on the last day did you refer to the difficulty of enforcing instalment orders in this country?—I did. 1324. You were speaking then in comparison with conditions elsewhere?—Yes. 1325. Have you before you the provisions of the Enforcement of Law Act?— No. 1326. Do you not know now that since that Act was passed it has been availed of very largely in this country, and it gives the creditor a procedure which was more adaptable and workable than the English procedure?—To what extent? 1327. In the sense that a man can be sent to jail if you get an order. Say that you get an order for payment by instalments. If he fails to pay one instalment he goes to jail for a period of three months, with the condition that he does not come out until he pays the entire debt?—I referred to that. In the matter of small loans that would hardly be a workable solution. It would be a very expensive business. 1328. It gives the creditor a very drastic remedy?—Yes, but that is quite different from the medium way of payment into the Court. The responsibility is cast on a person to proceed to the Court every week or month with the money, and the moral effect of that is very good. 1329. If a man gets an instalment order there is nothing to prevent a creditor going in to pay the solicitor?—That is a very different matter from having to go to Court with it. The moral effect is very different. That is the highest form of pressure you could bring on them. Mr. Hyman Handelman called and further examined, said:1330. I can give you cases where a person is applying for a loan. You hand him an application form in which he is asked to mention if he has had any loans elsewhere, and he says he has not. In some cases you find that that man has transactions with eight or ten other people. What are you to do then? Chairman. 1331. In that case I suggest that when the moneylender finds a statement of that sort in the application, the next thing you will find is that he is threatening the man with criminal proceedings, and in that way he puts on the screw. Do you not think so?—One does not always do that. 1332. But we have had instances here of lots of people being threatened in that way. I take it you disapprove of that? —I do. 1333. I know you disapprove of it, but do you not say that their getting these borrowers to make those statements helps them later on to put on the screw on the borrower?—I do not know that many of them do it. 1334. You may take it that a good many of them will do it, and they consider it quite fair?—It would be considered fair because the man has put in a false statement. As far as this Bill is concerned, we welcome it for one particular reason, and that is that it will do away with the women who go hawking from door to door lending 1/- for threepence or £1 for 3/4. It will help to do away with that class which is causing the whole trouble. 1335. The greater percentage of it?— Fully 90 per cent of it. I come across it in my own clients. I have taken them out of the hands of these women and paid the debts due to these women. 1336. You think that the woman hawker could not continue in business if there were a fixed minimum rate of 50 per cent.?—She could not carry on at 100 per cent. That type of person could not carry on at 100 per cent. In fact, under this Bill that sort of woman hawker would not carry on at all, because that woman will not register and she will do nothing. 1337. For example, if a rate of 50 per cent. were fixed, that will do indirectly what is not done directly in the Bill— drive out the woman hawker?—It would. 1338. And you agree that that would be for the benefit of the community?—Yes. 1339. And for the moneylending trade itself?—Yes, but I say this, that if you cut this Bill below 50 per cent. it will throw out a lot of people who are doing a fair and legitimate business, men who treat their customers in a fair and legitimate manner. 1340. Passing from the rate per cent. for a moment, do you agree that it would be an essential matter, putting it from the public point of view, that the man who borrows should be told what rate of interest he pays for it?—It would. 1341. In many cases he is not told the rate per cent. and he does not appreciate what he is paying?—In most cases he does not care what he pays so long as he gets the loan. 1342. But in fact he does not know?— He does not know. 1343. And does not appreciate what he is paying?—Well, he is not told. 1344. He does not in fact know?—He is told that he is charged 4/- or 5/- or 3/- for the loan. 1345. In many cases he would get a very decided shock if he knew the rate per cent. he was paying?—He might, but if you look at the risk that is taken with a client the matter looks different. The man would not be shocked. I have been speaking to a few English moneylenders who are over here, and when the thing was pointed out to them, when they saw the rates that are being charged here, they were quite amazed that the lenders would be so foolish as to give money to people without any security. You often get a client who has neither furniture nor anything else, but you do know that there is an honest trait in him. 1346. You could have told that English lender that our people are more honest, and that by reason of that you are able to carry on here at a profit which would not enable you to carry on in another country?—Yes. Deputy Little. 1347. Are you aware that there are English moneylenders lending money here through agents. They insist on a very detailed description of the man’s means—what money is coming into the family. Are you aware that those agents sometimes do not tell the truth about the matter?—I could not tell you. I do not know their practice at all. I know they advertise, but I do not know how they do their business. I know they have agents here. I would imagine, however, that English moneylenders who advertise here and keep agents here do not do the very small trade at all. 1348. In the cases I speak of, the business is in small sums?—Well, you would have to do a very large and a very huge business to make it pay. Deputy Briscoe. 1349. Do you not agree, Mr. Handelman, that a huge business might mean a big turnover without any one of the transactions being a large one?—They could not do a big turnover in that way. They could not do a big turnover with the ordinary lender here in Dublin, unless they did business in big sums. 1350. What do you call big sums?— Anything from £50 to £1,000. 1351. You would not say that they would do a business ranging between £10 and £25?—They might be doing some business like that, but I am not conversant with their practice. 1352. I have a case which will prove that they do that sort of business?—Well, I cannot speak of their business. I am not conversant with it. 1353. You have not borrowed from them?—No. Deputy Cooney. 1354. You told us you have been in conversation with a number of English moneylenders?—I have. 1355. From your contact with them, have you any reason to think that their position is improved or worsened as a result of the operations of the English Act? —In England it is different. It is business people who are doing a very small type of business. 1356. Are not those who have remained in business in a better position now than they were prior to the passing of the Act?—No. Their position is just the same, because they always had the protection of the Court whether the interest was big or small. 1357. Deputy G. Wolfe.—You mean the unregistered moneylenders?—No, they have been eliminated. 1358. Deputy Briscoe.—I know this: that a Dublin moneylender has paid as high as £40,000 for the purchase of a moneylending business in Glasgow, in spite of the English Act operating there. You have heard of that, that a Dublin moneylender did buy a large practice in Glasgow?—I have heard that, but I was not there to see what was paid. 1359. That would prove that, in spite of the English Act, it has paid a Dublin moneylender to invest a big sum of money to buy that particular Glasgow practice? —Yes. 1360. Deputy Little.—Would not that point to this, that the standard rate of interest in England might be fixed lower than 48 per cent. without doing any harm?—No, it has been pointed out to me that the rate of 48 per cent. has left only those with big capital remaining in the business. 1361. Deputy Cooney.—Is not that, in your opinion, for the good of the general community?—No, because if an ordinary working man now wants to get a loan of £2 or £3 he finds it difficult to get that loan, and that is unfair to him. 1362. Do you not think that the big men will facilitate him?—Not under 48 per cent. 1363. Deputy Little.—Do you not think that loans to working men should not be a matter of trade at all, but that they should be worked through some institutions which would assist the man without putting it on a profit-making basis at all?—At the present moment you have institutions here who are supposed to be doing business at a very low rate of interest, but who are simply covered with a veil in this way, that if the figures were gone into, it would be found, if all their charges and fines were taken into account, they are charging more than the ordinary moneylender. He may be charging 4/-, 5/- or 6/-, and these institutions charging only 1/-, but when the fines are taken into account it may be found that the charges are higher in the case of these institutions. 1364. Do you recognise that the new Bill will eliminate the fines?—It will not interfere with these institutions. I may be wrong, but I think that if you go through these institutions’ books that these people incorporated under some Act are actually charging more. 1365. Deputy Cooney.—What class have you in mind?—They are institutions registered under some Act. I do not know the name of the Act. 1366. Deputy Briscoe.—He is right there. Certain societies were left out inasmuch as they were borrowers amongst themselves. Each borrower was a member of the society and participated in the profits of the society. I think they are something like what is called Tontine societies. Mr. Handelman.—The borrower there had also to get security? Mr. Briscoe.—Yes. 1367. Deputy Little.—Do you think that we ought to deal with that?—I am not here to tell you what to deal with. 1368. Chairman.—There is a section omitted from this Bill which is in the English Act. It has led to some confusion as regards these societies. I understand that Deputy Little put down an amendment to restore that section. Deputy Little.—My recollection on that matter is not very clear. I thought it was dealing with another matter-with the question of fees to be paid. Chairman.—Oh, no. That section is in the English Act. There is a reference to it later on in this Bill. 1369. Deputy Cooney.—Is it your contention that the societies are charging more than the average moneylenders?—I have no experience of it myself, but according to what I have heard it is this way: If a man comes in to pay his money at five minutes past eight he has to pay a fine of tenpence. If the door closes at eight, and if he is five minutes late, he has to pay that fine, and the following week he has to pay a fine of 1/8 if he is not in time with his money. This is only what I have seen in books. I am not speaking from my own experience. I have no direct knowledge. 1370. Deputy Briscoe.—You mentioned already that English concerns doing business here only lend large sums. I have here a case of two different firms, and you know them very well?—I do not know English firms registered here who are lending small sums. 1371. The amount is very small, £18, including interest?—That is not so small. 1372. It represents about 500 per cent. It is £18 for £10. Here is another case. Do you know this concern?—No, I do not think that they advertise here. 1373. They are an English firm who do an extensive business here. They are both small amounts?—So far as we lenders here are concerned, you can wipe out the English lenders. 1374. It is the intention in the Bill, I understand, to allow money to be lent only by residents in the Saorstát?—I am glad to hear that. These are all English lenders. 1375. We have some cases of local lenders also. Perhaps you would like to see them?—I would like very much to see them, especially as I am in the Association, and I would try to bring these people to book if these allegations are true, but it would only be fair to give these men a chance of denying them. Chairman.—We will give them an opportunity of refuting these statements at a future date. Thank you; your evidence has been of much assistance to us. The Committee adjourned. |
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I'm back after finally recovering from a very messy weekend at Bestival on the Isle of Wight. Four days of drinking, dancing and not sleeping much soon catches up on you, especially as I'm getting on a bit now ;)
I will definitely be booking early bird tickets for next year as soon as they come on sale, I loved the dance tents even though they were crammed to the hilt with drunk sweaty people. I cant remember seeing many live bands that I've heard of, only Two Door Cinema Club, the others were just random singers and bands but were great.
I only took a few photos whilst I was there with my iphone, i didn't want to risk breaking my Nikon.
Leaving Portsmouth for the Isle of Wight |
3 litres of vodka with dry ice |
Party people everywhere |
A Bestival sunset |
The main stage |
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If you like to go out to restaurants in Pittsburgh, you probably know the name Kevin Sousa. He’s the chef behind Salt of the Earth, arguably the best fine dining restaurant in town; he was nominated for a James Beard award this year. He also owns two other restaurant properties, Station Street Hot Dog, which is kind off by itself over on Broad Street, across the busway from the Target, by the East Liberty post office; and Union Pig and Chicken, which is on Highland Avenue, a block back from Penn Circle North. Station Street Hot Dog has been a hot dog place on and off since 1915. Likewise, Union Pig and Chicken is in a store front that has been variably occupied for as long as I’ve lived in the city, but was most recently Steel City Rib House.
I’ve been to Salt twice and it really is amazing food. Sousa put the restaurant into a formerly abandoned building in Garfield, just up Penn from Negley, several years ago. If you live in the city, you know that the Penn Avenue corridor has been slowly improving for years. Fancy lofts came to meet Sousa’s Salt, as did the upscale Mexican restaurant Verde (which is also very tasty). Penn is the dividing line between Garfield to the north and Friendship to the south, running more or less west to east up from where it divides Bloomfield to the south from Lawrenceville to the north. On the Larryville side of Penn, UPMC built the new Children’s Hospital, which has been a boon to the more westerly end of Penn. Likewise, East Liberty, which had at one time been one of the largest commercial districts in the commonwealth, but then was destroyed by terrible city planning in the 1960s, becoming a poor black neighborhood thereafter, has in recent years shaken off its blight and is now home to trendy bars and restaurants along Centre Avenue, which runs into Penn at the Target. The transformation in the neighborhood is now creeping onto Penn as well at this easterly end, which currently houses a number of predominately black businesses — and a fair number of empty store fronts. With the rehabilitation of the Highland Building into upscale apartments now underway, I don’t see how Penn Avenue can fail to go the way of Centre in this area.
So look, what’s the problem? Well, on one hand, there isn’t a problem, right? I mean, Kevin Sousa put three very good restaurants at three different price points into three empty store fronts in a somewhat blighted neighborhood. It’s hard to argue that something isn’t better for a neighborhood than nothing, and something good and popular isn’t even better than that. And though I haven’t been to Station Street yet, I can tell you that Union Pig and Chicken has some of the most delicious fried chicken I’ve ever had in my mouth, a fact I discovered on Friday when my mother and I went there for lunch.
But on the other hand, we know how gentrification works: a poor neighborhood, often a predominately black neighborhood, is down in the dumps. Working from a variety of intentions, from an honest desire to see a neighborhood get back on its feet to the cold calculation that you’ll make a killing if you get in on the ground floor of the Brooklynification of a city neighborhood, a crowd of wealthier, predominately white folks moves in and starts sprucing up the place. Except they always seem to spruce it up for themselves rather than the people who already live there — let’s be honest, it would seem that the Venn diagram of what black Americans and white Americans like to do with their disposable income does not completely overlap, which is fine, unless all of the businesses in a black neighborhood that catered to the black community get pushed out in favor of Stuff White People Like. Or, a worse scenario perhaps, or at least a more disconcerting one: where there is overlap in what black folks and white folks like, a black business providing it gets supplanted by a white business doing the same damn thing — like selling ribs and fried chicken.
Look, Sousa didn’t push Steel City Ribs out of business: its doors had been shuttered for a couple of years before he started selling his pig and chicken. And I’d never eaten at Steel City, so I couldn’t tell you how good the food was. (Sad to say, I, like a lot of people I bet, feel more interested in trying Sousa’s comfort food joint — and maybe a little more comfortable — than an anonymous black business owner’s comfort food joint.) So I don’t want to sound as if I’m blaming Sousa for the gentrification of East Liberty, or for running the black residents of the neighborhood out of town, though that is likely to happen eventually if history is a reliable guide to what happens when trendy young white people get ahold of lower class black neighborhoods. I’m just saying that Union is emblematic of something happening in East Liberty right now that’s a bit fraught. I wish improving the neighborhood would raise all boats, so to speak, but I doubt that’s going to happen. And to disclose my own small responsibility in the affair, I’m sort of happily complicit in this — I patronize the new, gentrified businesses in East Liberty a fair amount: Abay, BRGR, Kelly’s, Plum, et cetera, and now Union Pig and Chicken. I prefer having a nice neighborhood full of shit I like right nearby to having an uninviting (to me), kind-of-run down neighborhood there instead.
It is the case that the Urban Redevelopment Authority has tried to keep new housing in the area at a mixed income level, and I hope they continue in that effort. And, to go back to an earlier point, it’s fair enough that the Kevin Sousas of the world would look at an empty store front in a neighborhood that’s had some tough times and say, “I can put something good in there and make this whole block better” — that’s not a bad inclination, nor one I’m trying to fault him or anyone else for.
I’m just saying the whole thing’s sort of fraught, OK?
For what it’s worth, here’s the restaurant review. The atmosphere of Union Pig and Chicken is almost satirically spot on to what a fancy version of a Southern/soul food restaurant should be: unfinished wooden boards make the walls, wooden tables and benches make the seating, and there is a single head-high slit in the back wall allowing the staff to see the customers without being so exposed as to interrupt the New Northeast Picnic feeling of it all; they play bluegrass on the stereo. There are three yummy sauces at every table setting, a BBQ sauce, a hot sauce, and a vinegar sauce. Half a fried chicken is $11, and it is absolutely delicious. Seriously, I want more of this chicken in my mouth, though next time I go back, I feel I should try something else, like the ribs or the pork shoulder — I also hear great things about the brisket. The sides don’t come with, and are $3-$5 apiece. I had the mac and cheese, and frankly, though it was absolutely fine, I was expecting more from Kevin Sousa mac and cheese. Mom got the potato salad and thought the same thing. Next time I’ll try the greens. I also got a fancy lemonade, which had lemonade, mango, vanilla, and rose in it, and it was very good. They have a nice cocktail list that I avoided because I was already suffering from a hangover, but I would definitely try a whiskey drink when next I’m there. So, anyway, there you have it. I’ll totally go back.
I’ll just feel a little fraught about it.
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Zegar w naszej kulturze to przede wszystkim symbol upływu czasu i przemijania – jednak takie sztywne postrzeganie go już ulega zmianie. Dzięki zegarom udaje się utrzymać harmonogram dnia, zaplanować zadania, pomagają nam w organizacji codzienności – od rozrywki, przez pracę zawodową, po podróże czy… odpowiedni czas gotowania. Czasomierze otaczają nas od wieków: zegary słoneczne, wodne, klepsydry a teraz elektroniczne odmierzacze czasu, a każdy z nich ma swój urok i zastosowanie. Jedne mają jedynie użytkowy charakter, inne natomiast to prawdziwe dzieła sztuki, które coraz odważniej wkradają się do naszych wnętrz. Zegary i zegarki luksusowe to także wyznacznik statusu społecznego oraz prestiżu.
Dekoratorzy i architekci wnętrz od dawna stosują zegary jako elementy ozdobne w przestrzeni mieszkalnej, doceniając przy tym ich potencjał użytkowy. Dobierają je w przemyślany sposób, tak aby idealnie współgrały z całym wystrojem domu, kolorem ścian i innymi dodatkami.
Zegar ozdobny na ścianę – detal, który przyciąga wzrok
Decydując się na wprowadzenie do swojej przestrzeni ozdobnych czasomierzy, warto pomyśleć, czy zależy nam na wkomponowaniu go w wiszące już dekoracje, czy może zrobić zeń główny element odznaczający się na tle ściany. Można także na dużej ścianie powiesić np. trzy takie same lub w różnych wielkościach, a każdy z nich będzie wskazywać inną strefę czasową. Duże, ozdobne zegary ścienne znajdziesz w wielu stylach i kolorach, dzięki czemu możesz zarówno uzupełnić charakter wnętrza, jak i całkowicie go przełamać. Czasomierze dekoracyjne wykonywane są z wielu różnych materiałów: miedzi, płyt winylowych, luster, stali, drewna, a także ciekawych połączeń wielu surowców. Tym samym z powodzeniem znajdziesz zegar w stylu skandynawskim, vintage, klasycznym, nowoczesnym, rustykalnym, loftowym, a nawet – steampunkowym. Dokładnie taki, który idealnie wkomponuje się w aranżację danego pomieszczenia.
Zegarki stołowe z duszą – praktyczny drobiazg, który odmieni Twój gabinet
Ozdobne czasomierze to nie tylko duże, wiszące modele. Dodać nieco stylu lub podkreślić charakter wyposażenia można wybierając oryginalny zegar, tzw. stołowy – stawiając go na półce, biurku czy szafce zyskasz gustowny, ale niezajmujący wiele miejsca przedmiot o wysokich walorach estetycznych. W obecnej chwili zegar bowiem nie jest tylko narzędziem do odmierzania minut, a elementem, który stawia przysłowiową kropkę nad i w wystroju wnętrz.
Jeśli zależy Ci na nietuzinkowym, praktycznym sposobie na udekorowanie mieszkania, zwracasz uwagę nie tylko na walory estetyczne, ale także funkcjonalność przedmiotów, którymi się otaczasz – sprawdź naszą ofertę zegarów ozdobnych i wybierz model, dzięki któremu podkreślisz charakter swojego mieszkania.
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If you are planning to share a house with someone, it is important to have a clear agreement in place. A sample house share agreement can help to ensure that everyone is on the same page, and that there are no misunderstandings or disputes down the line.
Here are some things to consider when drafting your own house share agreement:
1. Rent: How much rent will each person be responsible for, and when will it be due? Will there be a security deposit, and if so, how much and when will it be returned?
2. Utilities: Who will be responsible for paying for utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and internet? Will these be divided equally among all housemates, or will certain people be responsible for certain bills?
3. Chores: How will household chores be divided up? Will each person be responsible for their own room, or will certain chores be shared among all housemates?
4. Guests: What are the rules regarding guests? How many people can a housemate have over at once, and how often? Are there any restrictions on overnight guests?
5. Noise: What are the rules regarding noise levels in the house? Are there certain times of day when quiet is expected, or are there any restrictions on music or other noise?
6. Smoking and drinking: Are smoking and/or alcohol allowed in the house? If so, what are the rules regarding these activities?
7. Pets: Are pets allowed in the house? If so, are there any restrictions or rules regarding their care and behavior?
8. Cleaning: How will cleaning be handled in the house? Will each person be responsible for their own messes, or will there be a designated cleaning schedule?
9. House rules: Are there any other rules or guidelines that everyone in the house should be aware of? For example, are there any restrictions on cooking or laundry, or any special rules regarding shared spaces like the kitchen or living room?
By addressing these and other related concerns in your house share agreement, you can help to ensure that everyone has a comfortable and happy living situation. Be sure to communicate openly and honestly with your housemates, and be willing to compromise and make adjustments as needed to keep everyone happy. With a clear and thorough house share agreement in place, you can enjoy all the benefits of house sharing without any of the potential downsides.
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The Oxford Natural History Museum is a wonderful gem of a building (not least because of the amazing Pitt Rivers museum tucked away at the back, with every corner, shelf and drawer stuffed with antiquity) and amongst the dinosaur bones and dodos there’s often a temporary exhibition which at the moment is the outstanding photography of Levon Biss. It’s not the first time that the museum’s extensive entomology collection has attracted artists (see a previous visit where some pictures of Masashi Kimura were being exhibited), but this installation really is something special.
The highly detailed photographs and a video showing how it was done can be found at the artists snazzy dedicated website but in physical form, up close and personal, the detail and intricacy of these mini beasts is just amazing. The exhibition is all the more impressive since the actual insects used are also there in display cases: creatures millimetres across next to their photographic counterparts several feet in dimension, really emphasising what an incredible feat has been achieved.
Naturally, given my research interests, I was drawn to the legs of each and the stunning detail of joints and hairs (the hairs provide feedback to the locomotory mechanisms) but the detail on the eyes, wings of those with wings is sublime. Of course, souvenirs available from the gift shop and I left well stocked, but managed to resist the signed prints…. just!
Low resolution example and screen capture of zoomed in section from website. |
Read the Guardian article “Microsculpture: hidden beauty of the bugs beneath our feet”. The exhibition was due to run until the end of October, but has recently been extended to the end of December.
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Way back in 2010 we put up the post on 10 steps to build a zero net energy home. We figure it was time for an update! For the pic above to be zero net energy, it probably needs solar panels on the othe side of the roof and I hope the glass doors are double (or triple!) pane, but we hey, we liked the picture. The following guest post was written by Brandon Engel. You should follow him at @BrandonEngel2.
As consumers are becoming increasingly conscientious about reducing their carbon footprint, and the the state of the economy is forcing most homeowners to reconsider the sustainability of their day to day habits, we’re seeing more and more interest in “zero net energy” homes - houses which produce more energy than they use, and emit no carbon annually.
The idea is that while homeowners will typically pay a small fee to the utility company to stay on the grid (commonly in the ballpark of $10 a month), zero other energy expenses will be incurred annually, and what’s more, homeowners might even be able to monetize their surplus energy by selling some back to the grid (mapawatt note: this is commonly referred to as net-metering).
There’s been a lot of discussion in the mainstream press about zero net housing recently, too. The humanitarian organization Habitat for Humanity just built one for underprivileged occupants. It’s an application of technology that stands to benefit the environment, and homeowners at all income levels.
If you’ve been thinking about building your own zero net home, and would like to see dramatic reduction of your carbon footprint by the end of the year, here are a few practical tips for getting started.
The first thing you’ll want to look into are tax incentives (such as those offered in Colorado). Ultimately, you’re looking to save a tremendous amount of money in the long run if you build a zero net home, but what’s better is that you may not even have to foot the bill for all of the initial hardware/installation. In most states throughout the U.S., there are federal and state subsidies that you might be able to use to partially finance your build. If you purchase and install photovoltaic panels, for instance, you could be eligible for as much as a 30% federal tax incentive. If you are investing in having a property built right now anyways, the difference in the initial overhead could be quite negligible - especially if you account for the tax incentives, rebates, and, of course, the fact that you will not incur any other annual energy expenses.
Once you have your budget laid out, the next step is building the envelope. Just remember: insulation is key. You want to retain heat in the winter, and you don’t want excess heat finding its way into the house during the summer. You’ll want sizeable studs for your wall, potentially as big as 2” by 6”, just to achieve optimum insulation within the wall cavity itself. The next step, then, is plywood sheathing around the wood panels, and a plastic air/moisture barrier to cover the entire house, from the foundations to the exterior walls to the rooftop itself. After that, everything should be covered in up to four inches of Polyiso plastic foam. Then the roof itself will need a little more attention: it’s best to further insulate it with plywood insulating foam composite, to ensure that the house will seal heat. Another thing you’ll want to be mindful of is your duct work. Make sure that all the ducts in the house have been taped and sealed to ensure that they are air-tight.
Of course, let’s not forget one of the most important steps of all, a source for renewable power. You want your house to feed off of power sources which are entirely renewable. Obviously, this eliminates gas and oil. What you want is something that will generate electricity in a way that does minimal harm to the environment. The logistics of your plan will have to depend largely on the conditions of the land surrounding your property. In certain areas, solar panels and wind turbine power generators are a viable solution. Photovoltaic panelling can be installed on the roof of your property, or on a two-axis tracker set-up near your home. A ground-source heat pump may make sense for certain homes, but they certainly don’t work universally (especially not in a leaky house) however this could be the best alternative for anyone living in a particularly cold climate. Location is always critical, and while solar and wind turbine power might make the most sense for some owners, others will have to rely on other sources of clean energy. Thankfully, there are companies who provide efficient energy in certain regions. For instance, people living in Illinois might try Choose Energy , while residents of Texas might consult TexasElectricityProviders.com.
One of the most pressing issues for consumers is knowing how much power is actually needed to run a home with reasonable amenities, and what sort of power you’ll need to produce via solar, wind, or geothermal energy to keep your house operational. Residents of the U.S. have an average of about 110 volts fed into their homes off the main grid. This power can be augmented by solar panels which absorb DC power from the sun, convert it into AC power using inverters, and pump that energy either back into the house are a bank of back-up batteries which store power for emergencies. Another approach is to simply have the solar panels connected to the inverter, with the power being pumped directly back into the house.
And how much power can you expect to harness from, say, solar panels? South African vlogger Martin Lorton, for instance, says that he has a 2,250 watt solar panel array on the roof. He says that, on a sunny spring day, he generates in the ballpark of 13 KWH of energy. On an overcast day, he might generate closer to 7 kwh. Lorton recommends using special monitoring software, so that you can accurately gauge the efficiency of your solar panels throughout the course of the year. Some experts are going as far as to say that you could use 60% less energy than you would with propane (and you know how much of a carbon footprint propane leaves behind). (mapawatt note: if you're new to solar, check out our Residential Solar PV educational post).
So, zero net housing could perfectly suitable for occupants, as long as they are diligent about monitoring their power supply and are conscious of how their systems faire in different weather conditions. Homeowners can now enjoy greater levels of autonomy than ever before, and save money while reducing the amount of pollutants they release into the world. Perhaps in a few decades time, zero-net houses will become the standard. Just imagine the benefits that could yield, not only for our bank accounts, but for the very earth itself…
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Our trip planning started with us determining that we were going to go to Rocky Mountain National Park. As we started to dive into the details we found this great town called Estes Park. I have already posted about our awesome experience at the Estes Park Medical Center; and it no wonder that in a town like this you would have a great facility like that.
Upon arriving in downtown Estes Park we were greeted by the Estes Valley Farmers Market. This market runs each Thursday from 8:00 to 1:00 is worth the stop. We have hit up a several farmers markets over the years, but this one had several products that interested every party in our group, and we all went home with stuff. The problem we had was that we were not heading back to the RV right after so we were limited as to what we could buy. After thinking about it, maybe that wasn’t such a bad thing as it helped to limit our purchases. One of the best items we found were the dips from No Double Dipping. There were so many tasty options it was hard to choose which ones were were going to take home. The best part, these were just dry mixes that you add sour cream or cream cheese to and you have a fabulous dip.
Estes Park sits at an elevation just about 7500 feet. But to get a bit of a birds eye view a quick trip on the Ariel Tram will get you up to 8700 feet and provide a great overlook of the area and a peek into Rocky Mountain National Park. We didn’t do it but this would be an awesome place to take your lunch and do a picnic and enjoy the views. If you didn’t eat lunch at the top you can always return to town, hit up some great shops and grab a bite or a brew at many different locations.
Regardless how neat Estes Park is, you couldn’t visit the area without spending a little time in Rocky Mountain National Park. The land for the park was acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and was dedicated as a National Park in September of 1915. “Rocky” as its affectionately called, played host to over 4.15 million visitors in 2015 making this the third most visited National Park last year. Estes Park is a great gateway into Rocky providing convenient access to both the Fall River & Beaver Meadows visitor centers. In just minutes from the city you can be cursing along the famous Trail Ridge Road. At the highest point, Trail Ridge Road reaches an elevation of 12,183 feet which makes it the highest continuously paved road in the United States. Near the summit is the Alpine visitor center which sits at a mere elevation of 11,796 feet. The views along Trail Ridge Road rival those that we saw in Glacier last year and we truly enjoyed the drive on this iconic road.
We loved our time in Estes Park and would highly suggest a visit. This would also be an awesome place for a couples weekend camping trip. As for Rocky… We would like to see more in a future visit but will need to plan accordingly due to the crowds.
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However, Chatroulette has associated drawbacks to Omegle via explicit users and sexual content material. In the above, twenty of the most effective app to random video name with strangers have been dealt with. However, some web pages do provide premium or larger options whenever you improve. BazooCam is a chat site allowing you to attach with strangers domestically or anywhere on the planet. You two can play video games and speak, having enjoyable with out leaving the house. Overall, this website is very easy in its design, making it straightforward to make use of. We can even add delay for connecting with customers who have a typical interest as crammed in.
- This website is utilizing a security service to protect itself from online assaults.
- They assist this declare because of its several group chats that will certainly suit your choice.
- Video high quality is inferior to Skype or Google Hangouts, nevertheless it works quickly and its interface is straightforward and very straightforward to use.
- Chatrad is a free online video chat platform which lets you talk with strangers everywhere in the world.
- Besides their worldwide group chat room, you’ll be able to filter it and chat individuals to a selected country you prefer.
- Fortunately, there are numerous excellent free calling apps out there for Android users.
- You can meet and chat with strangers as the positioning randomly matches you with others.
Nick’s labored with tons of of software corporations and startups over the past 10 years. Reach out if you have any questions or if you’d like to collab. The app offers you with a listing of instructed topics to talk about.
Cellular Port Of The Favored Random Chat Service
Users can talk with one another through video calls as properly. Anonymous Chat is amongst the easy and easy-to-use talks with strangers apps. It allows you to filter the customers using age, location, and preferences. Using these filters, you can be linked with the customers of your choice.
Is Stranger chat app safe?
It's perfectly nice to talk with strangers online, as long as you stick to the common sense security rules. In fact, chat rooms and social media are great locations to discuss your concepts and feelings with new folks. It could be an efficient way to make new associates online who have the identical interests as you.
Ask questions – Asking questions is an effective way to get conversations began in stranger video chat. Try asking open-ended questions that encourage conversation somewhat than yes/no responses. The emphasis on the Skout application is for individuals to see each other after which to fulfill https://omegle.cc/chatville/. The frequent updates would make certain the customer is supplied with the most recent at each instance. With broadcast teams attainable, it takes video calling and chats groups to the subsequent degree.
And the app’s primary thing is that It is completely protected to use; no one can entry your information. The Video Chat feature is on the market on all platforms, and you can obtain the app from the App Store or Play Store. Cuff has every little thing you need to get related to new folks, make friends, or begin a love relationship. Have enjoyable – Stranger video chat must be an pleasant experience! Don’t be afraid to let your persona shine through and have enjoyable with it. This enables folks to speak higher and enhance their consumer expertise on a daily basis.
Besides, video chat is a good way to share attention-grabbing stuff in your room, present your actions, and rather more. There are so many filters to choose from, corresponding to hat, glasses, cigars, and more. Impress your new pal or flirt with the good-looking guy with this characteristic. There is a sublime website for elegant folks referred to as EmeraldChat. The website boasts one of the stunning consumer interfaces available on the market, which only provides to its enchantment. Consider giving EmeraldChat a shot when you’re in search of a cool and clear chat room.
Greatest Online Video Chat Web Sites To Make New Friends
Omegle is a free online chat website that allows you to chat with strangers with no registration required. At first, Omegle was just a text-only chat platform, however now it has a video chat characteristic. It comes with a plethora of options that lets you search, join and chat with strangers from all around the globe. On the opposite hand, to utilize the companies of FaceFlow it’s not essential to create an account.
This shall be an excellent place to share experience and life stories. But when you upgrade to paid model, you’ll get a friendly, moderated group to avoid deceitful folks. By simply tapping your display screen, Holla lets you make new pals with individuals from different locations. Not solely can you build a friendship, however you can even learn language and new tradition. Additionally, ChatHub is concerned with the protection of its users.
Name Random Girls With This Free App
Omegle isn’t the only random video chatting platform to speak with random individuals. Below are the best random video chat apps you must strive if you need to speak to and network with strangers. Communicating with strangers in a secure setting could be therapeutic so you might do this platform to improve your social life. Chatjoy is a superb video chat app to meet interesting strangers and construct a new friendship by way of enjoyable chat.
Which is the best site to chat with strangers?
- Omegle. Platform: Android. Price: Free.
- MeetMe. Platform: Android, iOS. Price: Free.
- Moco. Platform: Android, iOS. Price: Free.
- Anonymous Chat. Platform: Android. Price: Free.
- Whisper. Platform: Android.
- Chatous. Platform: Android, iOS.
- Connected2.me. Platform: Android, iOS.
- Telegram. Platform: Android, iOS.
You can converse with anyone from throughout the globe if you’ll like. Allows you to talk or video chat with the people who don’t use FaceFlow by sharing the Guest Chat Link. Video chat site you’ll be able to be part of and take part in numerous chat rooms based in your curiosity. For enhanced safety it additionally permits users to determine whether or not they want to hide or share their personal information with others. To be honest, Omegle does put lots of effort into controlling the location and moderating the chats.
A Free Program For Android, By Orangecall
Furthermore, Paltalk is suitable with iOS, Android units, PCs, and desktop computers. It offers free entry to users to perform video and voice chats with none problem. Signing up is fairly fast only a few private details, and you would possibly be good to go. Joining the platform is pretty straightforward; you can also use your Facebook account to hitch. TinyChat permits you to interact in conversations with a couple of particular person and make new friends in chat rooms. With TinyChat, you’ll be able to host your individual video and invite anybody thinking about joining. It’s utterly free to entry features on TinyChat; you should give it a attempt.
Is there a way to discuss to a therapist online free?
Also, a selection of mental health organizations, together with SAMHSA and NAMI, can provide free peer counseling over their hotlines or join you with a free or low cost online therapist.
Tumble is out there for free on the App Store and Google Play Store. This fantastic platform offers customers with numerous features such as filters and results. You can quickly join with individuals from totally different components of the world on this app. However, if you don’t just like the person, you can always skip to the following one.
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Indeed, we’re taking part in Emergenza Festival 2014 this spring. It is an opportunity to play in great places for big crowds, from Helsinki to Stockholm and all the way to Taubertal, Germany.
In order to do that, we need your help. Your part is easy: just come to the gigs and vote us forward to the next rounds!
The first round takes place on 15.3 at Bar Loose Helsinki. We will be playing there along with 7 other bands, and half of those bands will advance to the next round in Nosturi.
Sat 15/03/2014 @ Bar Loose (Annankatu 21, Helsinki)
10€ at the door
9€ in advance from the band members
Aaaand for this very special occasion, we have a guest keyboard player Arttu Vauhkonen (Arion), who also appeared on our EP!
Stay tuned along this whole shebang by attending the facebook event! Thanks in advance for your support!
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First Harvest Credit Union
Enhance your employee benefit package today with South Jersey Federal Credit Union membership at NO! cost to your business. Employees will have access to a full range of deposit options, loan products and financial resources. In addition to a wide variety of loan and deposit products online banking and bill pay as well as access to over 37,000 atm locations are available.
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"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9549856185913086,
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is for sale
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Pay by wire transfer, PayPal or credit card into a neutral account provided by Sedo. Added security: Only after the domain ownership has officially changed hands the seller will be paid out.
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CAPRI team member, Dr. Ivana Strazic Geljic, told the stroy about her scientific path and her work in the Center for Proteomics. You can read the article HERE
The official brochure of the Center for Proteomics has been published. Read it here.
Platform for trans-Academic Cooperation in Innovation
Inside immunity powered by EFIS
Thanks to Vanda Juranic Lisnic and Berislav Lisnic from the Center for Proteomics, this great web-exhibition by EFIS is now available in Croatian language. Check it out here!
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"language": "en",
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Have students work in small groups. Each group receives a copy of the Survey worksheet. The group should create a question and four options. If you find that your students have difficulty creating questions, you could print out a list of questions, cut the questions into small strips of paper, put the strips in a bag, and have student groups pick a question that way. If you do this, then all they have to do is think up four options as answers.
Ask students to discuss which option they believe will be most popular answer. Why do they think so? Ask them to fill out the "prediction section" section of the survey form.
We think "New York" will be the most popular answer, because recently, some Japanese celebrities have posted Instagram photos from Times Square and the Statue of Liberty.
To start, have the students put their reply scale on the board. For example:
New York City
After their introduction to the survey question, they pose the question:
Where would you rather go to visit for a week?
The class replies all at once, using their Captur paddles to give their answers. The students should count how many of the class responded with each option.
After all of the votes have been counted, the students can write those tallies on the board, next to the options.
At this time, the teacher should tell the class to get into small groups to discuss their reaction to the vote tally, and to explain their reasons for their own vote. Even reluctant students seem to be more willing to become engaged in discussions after they have committed to an answer.
A follow-up vote could be taken later, to see if anyone has changed their minds.
Have students write their own comments on the survey. Did the results align with their predictions? Why (or why not)? Any surprises?
We thought that many students would choose New York City. But most students said "Tokyo." Maybe they want to speak Japanese and eat Japanese food every day. Or maybe it's because most of the students are from Kyushu, and they've never been to Tokyo before.
We believe that the prediction and the analysis stages help students think more deeply about the activity. These stages also provide good opportunities for expressing themselves in English.
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Living cash only and debt free!
Hi April - You might be interested in this link: http://livingwithoutmoney.org/. I found it through a link provided by http://newurbanhabitat.com/. Best wishes on your life transformation! -Karen
Karen, Thank you for the link! I am definitely going to watch the movie--the synopsis pretty much sounds like how our new life will be. Thanks!!!
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Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Link to site
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
Institute of Slovak Literature, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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"url": "http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.cejsh-500dda4e-1e44-4d29-8869-90998c40a9db"
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