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399,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid AI improves Energy Forecasts by combining Fuzzy Rules, Evolutionary Strategies and Neural Networks, and key words: Industrial electronics, Deep learning, Energy consumption, Uncertainty, Conferences, Artificial neural networks, Data models. Abstract: Currently, the need for more efficient use of energy is in the spotlight more than ever. For optimal energy management the forecast of energy consumption is of great interest.This paper takes a novel approach for forecasting the energy demand in households by using a hybrid AI approach. On the one hand, we use an interpretable model creation by using fuzzy rules. Those rules are then combined with an evolutionary strategy to create new simulation data which calibrates the reality and sometimes uncertainty behind the data. Based on this newly created data, a simple artificial neural network (ANN) model is created. It is shown, that there is no need to create an unnecessarily complex deep learning architecture for achieving good results. Simple ANN models can achieve excellent results, when using data created by inferred fuzzy rules. Of great advantage is, that one part of this hybrid AI approach can still be interpreted by humans and furthermore improved by adding the knowledge of human domain experts in form of fuzzy rules. |
399,801 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless antennas - making wireless communications perform like wireline communications, and key words: Wireless communication, Relays, Power system relaying, Baseband, Transmitters, Communication system control, Fading, Antenna arrays, Space time codes, Working environment noise. Abstract: We first provide an overview of some of the latest developments in wireless communications using multiple transmitters and multiple receivers. We point out the importance of SNR control in fast random fading environments. For applications where large antenna arrays are not suitable, we introduce the concept of wireless antennas or wireless relays that are distributed between a source and a destination. We propose Hurwitz-Radon space-time code for the wireless relays. Each relay receives a noisy baseband signal simultaneously from the source. The baseband signals (symbols) are not decoded into information bits at the (non-regenerative) relays, but rearranged (i.e., space-time modulated) in their orders, amplitudes and phases according to the Hurwitz-Radon code. The relays do not exchange symbols with each other, but forward the modified sequences of symbols in parallel to the destination. Our study shows that with R relays, a diversity factor around R/2 can be achieved, i.e., the averaged bit error rate is in the order of 1/SNR/sup R/2/ as opposed to 1/SNR for a single (regenerative) relay system. More than 10 dB power saving, from the baseline of a single relay system, is possible with eight relays. Issues such as channel estimation, symbol synchronization, medium access protocols and signal processing hardware are also discussed. |
399,802 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust guidance for electro-optical missiles, and key words: Robustness, Missiles, Uncertainty, Transfer functions, Aerodynamics, Aerospace engineering, Control systems, Algorithm design and analysis, Modems, Engines. Abstract: A robust guidance law is presented which renders zero miss distance (ZMD) against deterministically or randomly maneuvering targets for all missile parametric uncertainties. Since the resulting guidance controller is a phase-lead network, it is mainly suitable for systems characterized by moderate glint levels such as electro-optical missiles. The structured uncertainties in missile dynamics are modeled by interval transfer functions. It is first shown that for the nominal case, when the total missile transfer function is positive real, ZMD can be obtained. When uncertainties are considered, the problem becomes design of a guidance controller which renders a family of transfer functions positive real. A new algorithm for the design of such controllers is proposed. An example illustrating a typical design procedure for a nonlinear real-life missile model is given, showing the simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed robust guidance. The main conclusion of this work is that the newly developed guidance law performs well against highly maneuvering targets and may be a suitable alternative to optimal guidance laws in low-glint systems. |
399,803 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Estimation and Control for Jamming an Aerial Target With Multiple Agents, and key words: Drones, Jamming, Target tracking, Three-dimensional displays, Planning, Trajectory, Noise measurement. Abstract: This work proposes a distributed estimation and control approach in which a team of aerial agents equipped with radio jamming devices collaborate in order to intercept and concurrently track-and-jam a malicious target, while at the same time minimizing the induced jamming interference amongst the team. Specifically, it is assumed that the malicious target maneuvers in 3D space, avoiding collisions with obstacles and other 3D structures in its way, according to a stochastic dynamical model. Based on this, a track-and-jam control approach is proposed which allows a team of distributed aerial agents to decide their control actions online, over a finite planning horizon, to achieve uninterrupted radio-jamming and tracking of the malicious target, in the presence of jamming interference constraints. The proposed approach is formulated as a distributed model predictive control (MPC) problem and is solved using mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP). Extensive evaluation of the system's performance validates the applicability of the proposed approach in challenging scenarios with uncertain target dynamics, noisy measurements, and in the presence of obstacles. |
399,804 | Please write an abstract with title: A Scenario Optimization Approach for Air Traffic Flow Management with Sector Capacity Uncertainty, and key words: Uncertainty, Atmospheric modeling, Computational modeling, Optimization methods, Programming, Probabilistic logic, Delays. Abstract: In 2019, China's air traffic control service handled approximately 10.766 million flight movements, with an increase of 7.60% compared to 2018. However, this rapid growth has resulted in flight delays due to airspace capacity limitations, and air traffic control complications. Faced with the realities of airspace capacity limitations, Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) plays a central role in alleviating demand-capacity imbalances and subsequently reducing airspace congestion and flight delays. Yet, in the existence of airspace capacity uncertainty, the ATFM operations may be non-practical or ineffective when the deterministic models are adopted since the latter presumes that airspace capacity is known. In this paper, the Air Traffic Sector Network Flow Optimization (ATSNFO) problem is formulated into a Chance-Constrained Optimization Program (C-COP), and a scenario approach optimization method for airspace sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is proposed to approximately solve the C-COP with a predetermined probabilistic confidence. Then, a mixed-integer programming model is developed based on the obtained deterministic sector capacity. Computation experiment results showed that our model is more efficient and reliable in dealing with uncertainty in ATFM problems. Our findings also highlight the capability of the scenario approach method for solving these problems. |
399,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Film and Television Special Effects Production Based on Modern Technology: from the Perspective of Statistical Machine Learning, and key words: Technological innovation, TV, Production, Machine learning, Animation. Abstract: Based on statistical machine learning, this paper studies film and television special effects production under the background of modern technology. First, it introduces the new challenges of film and television post-production technology, which requires a new development direction. Then based on modern technology analysis, the role of special effects production technology in film and television post-production is analyzed, and it is necessary to strengthen related research. Therefore, starting with the concept of film and television production, analyzing the technology of film and television post-production special effects according to the specific process and relationship of film and television production, and explaining its application in two-dimensional and three-dimensional animation, it has become the key research content of the current film and television post-production work. |
399,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Load Forecasting for Different Prediction Horizons using ANN and ARIMA models, and key words: Measurement, Load forecasting, Wind speed, Microgrids, Artificial neural networks, Predictive models, Data models. Abstract: Accurate forecasting of renewable energy resources and load has a crucial role in the overall operation efficiency and energy system integration of microgrids. In addition to this, in comparison with conventional power systems, the behaviour of microgrids loads presents higher frequency changes, which means greater volatility and higher uncertainty. In order to improve the robustness of microgrid energy management, and define through two different prediction techniques the best model for load forecasting, this paper provides a substantial review of theoretical Short Term forecasting methodologies, specifically Artificial Neural Network and ARIMA model, for microgrids loads. Using data from a real microgrid, the ANN model demonstrated a better performance than the ARIMA model in the forecasting results evaluated through specific metrics such as RMSE or MAE. |
399,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Regular papers: PWM of a modular inductive storage millisecond pulse-forming network, and key words: Inductors, Pulse width modulation, Discharges (electric), Topology, Energy exchange, Switches, Shape. Abstract: Millisecond pulse-forming networks are used to generate an energy pulse of up to several Megajoules in a defined pulse shape and time span. Passive pulse-shaping methods are often used. An alternative is to use switches to commutate energy from a storage medium into the load. The type of storage medium and the power levels used define the switch type. For capacitive storage, one requires a turn-on switch, for inductive storage, a turn-off switch is required, and for battery storage, a turn-on/turn-off switch is generally required. Such a system usually requires a staged energy transfer. In order to shape the pulse, either a final pulse-shaping stage can be included in the system or a modular system can be employed. This paper discusses the use of PWM to approximate the pulse shape as required. This allows the reduction of the number of modules and greater control over the discharge pulse shape. Results using a two-module system are presented and a comparison is made to a four-module system not using PWM. |
399,808 | Please write an abstract with title: Femto-cell Research on Network Bilateral Spectrum Allocation Algorithm, and key words: Greedy algorithms, Wireless communication, Base stations, Time-frequency analysis, Simulation, Prediction algorithms, Ultrafast electronics. Abstract: Spectrum resources are the lifeblood of the development of communication industry. Nowadays, the serious shortage of spectrum resources is becoming more and more serious. Femto-cell is a kind of base station with low signal transmission power and few connected mobile users. It is deployed in areas and rooms where the spectrum coverage of some macro basic websites is weak or in user intensive areas. It is an indispensable part of the next generation wireless communication system. Aiming at the problems of low secondary user income and user selfishness in the traditional static spectrum allocation algorithm, a round based real-time frequency band allocation mathematical model is constructed. The free frequency band of macro cellular base station is divided into time-division sub bands by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology to participate in the auction, so as to quickly allocate the scarce spectrum resources to Femto-cell; Based on the game theory between the supplier and the demander, a fast convergent step-by-step greedy algorithm for price and spectrum allocation is proposed. Simulation results show that compared with traditional generalized first price (GFP) algorithms, this algorithm can achieve conflict free spectrum allocation, has higher practical value and spectrum allocation efficiency, maximizes the utility and efficiency of spectrum allocation, and can achieve a win-win situation of spectrum utilization and spectrum revenue. |
399,809 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an organic wafer-level packaging platform for highly integrated RF transceivers, and key words: Wafer scale integration, Radio frequency, Transceivers, Packaging, Resists, Inductors, Polymers, Q factor, Power transmission lines, Substrates. Abstract: We present the development of a novel organic-micromachined packaging scheme at the wafer level for highly integrated RF transceivers. This process enables the integration of on-chip passive devices and isolation structures at the wafer level. We demonstrate the development of inductors that achieve a Q-factor of about 61 at 1.7 GHz and on-chip isolation structures that provide an isolation of more than 50 dB in the GHz range. |
399,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Auto-Scaling Cloud-Based Memory-Intensive Applications, and key words: Cloud computing, Virtual machine monitors, Memory management, Throughput, Web servers, Virtual machining, Delays. Abstract: Today, Cloud providers offer simplistic scaling policies that rely on thresholds that force tenants to have a priori knowledge of their workloads. We develop a new method for scaling memory-intensive workloads that needs no thresholds. This makes it worry-free for tenants, and it adapts even as workloads evolve. This is especially hard for memory-bound applications where even a small decrease in the amount of memory available can have a dramatic, almost unbounded impact on performance. Hence, sizing a machine's physical memory correctly is critical to application performance and operating cost. To determine a natural threshold for memory-intensive applications, our approach automatically analyzes an application's miss ratio curve (MRC) and models it as a hyperbola. Intuitively, a memory scaling policy should operate at the point where the curve flattens: that is, at its intersection with its latus rectum (LR). Our system uses a new approach to constructing and analyzing MRCs at run time that captures memory references from a slice of any scalable application as it executes on standard virtual machines from any major Cloud provider. We demonstrate with multiple applications running on Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure. Our implementation and evaluation show that, though the LR doesn't require tenants to set thresholds, it is effective in scaling memory-intensive workloads to save on operating costs while avoiding queuing, thrashing, or collapse. It increases throughput by 1.5× and reduces queuing delay by 2× in our evaluation. |
399,811 | Please write an abstract with title: Proxy-based Losses and Pair-based Losses for Face Image Retrieval, and key words: Measurement, Training, Image retrieval, Image representation, Data models, Task analysis, Faces. Abstract: Distance metric learning has been considered an effective strategy to represent data in computer vision problems such as image retrieval and face verification. Metric learning attempts to minimize a loss function in order to transform data into a more optimal representation for further applications. In this paper, we compare 4 different types of loss functions, e.g. 2 pair-based losses (Contrastive loss and Triplet Margin Ranking loss), and 2 proxy-based losses (Proxy-NCA loss and Proxy-Anchor loss) in a multi-class classification task. Our experiments show that the Proxy-Anchor loss could achieve 70.8% accuracy on average compared to the Proxy-NCA loss, Triplet Margin Ranking loss and Contrastive loss which could only achieve 65.5%, 62.2%, and 36.6% respectively. Furthermore, we also present the qualitative results using high dimensional plot visualization in order to evaluate data distribution and sample image retrieval results. Overall, the Proxy-Anchor loss performs better than the other losses in terms of accuracy, recall, data separation, and image retrieval. |
399,812 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer Simulation of Transient Processes in Hybrid Generator Circuit Breaker During Interruption of Short Circuit Current, and key words: Circuit breakers, Generators, Thyristors, Mathematical model, Integrated circuit modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Vacuum arcs. Abstract: The research is dedicated to computer simulation of transients occurring in a hybrid generator circuit breaker during interruption of three-phase short circuit current when the fault is located at the grid's side. Mathematical models of the hybrid circuit breaker elements were described: the arc model between the main contacts in the air, the vacuum arc chamber, and the thyristor switch model. Simulation of the transients occurring in the hybrid generator circuit breaker was performed using ATPDraw software program. Three different arrangements of the hybrid circuit breaker were considered, a comparative analysis of their operation was carried out. To minimize arc current and reduce arc duration the algorithm of the optimum hybrid circuit breaker performance was suggested. |
399,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic predictions for tactical wideband communications, and key words: Wideband, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Spine, Mobile ad hoc networks, Air traffic control, Physics, Wide area networks, Context modeling, Military aircraft. Abstract: The joint tactical radio system (JTRS) wideband networking waveform (WNW) will be a fundamental new capability for a variety of tactical users. In future U.S. marine corps (USMC) operations, the WNW will be the backbone network for the tactical users with other waveforms used in the lower tiers. Performance of the WNW will need to be stringent to ensure connectivity with adequate quality of service. A study has been conducted to determine the performance of this system in USMC scenarios. This work has included an assessment of traffic loads on the network and modeling and simulation to determine the performance of the WNW in various USMC scenarios. This paper focuses on the methodology for traffic prediction which is a key need for DoD to conduct rigorous networking engineering. |
399,814 | Please write an abstract with title: High-speed readout using small near-field optical head module with horizontal light introduction through optical fiber, and key words: High speed optical techniques, Optical fibers, Optical recording, Magnetic heads, Apertures, Optimized production technology, Lenses, Memory, Nanotechnology, Actuators. Abstract: Near-field optics, a super-resolution technique, is expected for optical data storage with high recording density (E. Betzig et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 61, p. 142, 1992; S. Hosaka et al, Nanotechnology vol. 8, p. A58, 1997). Recently, near- field optical heads using sliders, which can keep the distance between an aperture and a medium surface in proximity, were proposed, and reading from 110-250 nm pattern at the speed of 1.5-7.5 MHz was demonstrated (H. Yoshikawa et al., Opt. Lett. vol. 25, p. 67, 2000; F. Issiki et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 76, p. 804, 2000; K.T. Yatsui et al., Opt. Lett. vol. 25, p. 1279, 2000). These optical heads use an objective lens above sliders separately, to introduce the focused light to the aperture. However, this large light introduction using the objective lens leads optical heads with actuators to be large. From this perspective, we had proposed a small near-field optical head module with miniaturized light introduction (K. Kato et al., Tech. Dig. ISOM2000, p. 188, 2000). In this paper, we fabricated the proposed optical head module with air-bearing surface, and high speed reading from 200 nm chromium pattern formed on an SiO/sub 2/ disk medium was demonstrated. |
399,815 | Please write an abstract with title: A Creep Model For Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Under Shear Load, and key words: Creep, Strain, Humidity, Predictive models, Load modeling, Stress, Temperature dependence. Abstract: Nowadays, pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are widely used in consumer electronics applications due to their small form factor, easy assembly, ability to accommodate misalignment and flatness variation. It's important to understand the creep behavior of PSAs, because the PSA assembly is expected to survive sustained environmental as well as operational loads without failures. Also, prior knowledge of creep behavior will aid in the selection of appropriate PSA, depending upon the application requirements. However, the literature regarding the creep behavior and models of the PSA assembly under consideration was limited.Therefore, in this work, shear mode creep behavior of a commercially available thin foam tape with pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) on both sides was investigated. In order to understand the creep behavior of a specific thin foam tape with double-sided PSA, constant load creep tests were conducted at different load levels, temperature and humidity conditions. Creep deformation of the PSA layer was recorded at different intervals during the test. The accelerated test data was used to develop a novel time-stress-temperature-humidity dependent empirical creep deformation model for the PSA, which is the main contribution of this paper. The lumped model is able to predict primary and steady state creep behavior of the PSA. The insights from this work regarding the creep behavior of similar PSA systems and the creep prediction model will be of value to engineers for virtual testing and selection of PSAs for future consumer electronics products. |
399,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Greedy Broad Learning System, and key words: Principal component analysis, Standards, Artificial neural networks, Training, Learning systems, Feature extraction, Covariance matrices. Abstract: In order to overcome the extremely time-consuming drawback of deep learning (DL), broad learning system (BLS) was proposed as an alternative method. This model is simple, fast, and easy to update. To ensure the fitting and generalization ability of BLS, the hidden layer neurons are often set too many, in fact, a lot of neurons are not needed. Greedy BLS (GBLS) is proposed in this paper to deal with the redundancy of the hidden layer in BLS from another perspective. Different from BLS, the structure of GBLS can be seen as a combination of unsupervised multi-layer feature representation and supervised classification or regression. It trains with a greedy learning scheme, performs principal component analysis (PCA) on the previous hidden layer to form a set of compressed nodes, which are transformed into enhancement nodes and then activated by nonlinear functions. The new hidden layer is composed of all newly generated compressed nodes and enhancement nodes, and so on. The last hidden layer of the network contains the higher-order and abstract essential features of the original data, which is connected to the output layer. Each time a new layer is added to the model, and there is no need to retrain from the beginning, only the previous layer is trained. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GBLS model outperforms BLS both in classification and regression. |
399,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Chinese Short Text Entity Disambiguation Based on the Dual-Channel Hybrid Network, and key words: Semantics, Feature extraction, Task analysis, Routing, Bit error rate, Heuristic algorithms, Data mining. Abstract: Entity disambiguation refers to the accurate inference of the real mention of an entity with the same name according to the context. Most existing studies focused on long texts, for short texts, the performance has been unsatisfactory due to sparsity. In this paper, we treat the entity disambiguation task as a classification problem. we propose a novel neural network-based capsule network and convolutional neural network for entity disambiguation, leveraging full semantic information of short text data. In particular, a self-attention mechanism is utilized to further filter the semantic information extracted from the capsule network. On the other hand, a convolutional neural network with combined pooling is established to capture semantics from another channel. In the end, the semantic features obtained by the above models are combined through a fully connected layer to complete the task of entity disambiguation. The experimental results on the CCKS 2019 entity linking dataset showed that the dual-channel hybrid network proposed in this paper achieved an F1-score of 88.04%, which is superior to that of the existing mainstream deep learning model, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the model. |
399,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Solar Water Pumping System With Adaptive Step Size Maximum Power-Point Tracking And BLDC Motor Control, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Adaptive systems, Switches, Pulse width modulation, Control systems, Water pumps, Steady-state. Abstract: A new efficient solar pump scheme is proposed in this work. This work proposed two contributions Variable Adaptive Maximum power point tracking (VaMPPT) algorithm and dedicated switching mechanism for BLDC motor. In VaMPPT, the variable step size is proposed for the Incremental Conductance algorithm, which is a function of the rate of change in solar current with respect to solar voltage. After that, a modified PWM switching mechanism is proposed for the soft starting of the BLDC motor, which limits the starling inrush current. The proposed scheme is corroborated with the help of the MATLAB simulation example and offers better power efficiency of the solar array and improved transient and steady-state performance of the BLDC motor. |
399,819 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning in ex-vivo Lung Cancer Discrimination using Fluorescence Lifetime Endomicroscopic Images, and key words: Lung, Cancer, Imaging, Machine learning, Fluorescence, Artificial neural networks, Training. Abstract: Fluorescence lifetime is effective in discriminating cancerous tissue from normal tissue, but conventional discrimination methods are primarily based on statistical approaches in collaboration with prior knowledge. This paper investigates the application of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automatic differentiation of ex-vivo human lung cancer via fluorescence lifetime imaging. Around 70,000 fluorescence images from ex-vivo lung tissue of 14 patients were collected by a custom fibre-based fluorescence lifetime imaging endomicroscope. Five state-of-the-art CNN models, namely ResNet, ResNeXt, Inception, Xception, and DenseNet, were trained and tested to derive quantitative results using accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as the metrics. The CNNs were firstly evaluated on lifetime images. Since fluorescence lifetime is independent of intensity, further experiments were conducted by stacking intensity and lifetime images together as the input to the CNNs. As the original CNNs were implemented for RGB images, two strategies were applied. One was retaining the CNNs by putting intensity and lifetime images in two different channels and leaving the remaining channel blank. The other was adapting the CNNs for two-channel input. Quantitative results demonstrate that the selected CNNs are considerably superior to conventional machine learning algorithms. Combining intensity and lifetime images introduces noticeable performance gain compared with using lifetime images alone. In addition, the CNNs with intensity-lifetime RGB image is comparable to the modified two-channel CNNs with intensity-lifetime two-channel input for accuracy and AUC, but significantly better for precision and recall. |
399,820 | Please write an abstract with title: Maximum likelihood sequence detection in nonlinear satellite channels, and key words: Maximum likelihood detection, Transponders, Phase shift keying, Satellite ground stations, Modems, Degradation, Phase measurement, Nonlinear filters, Filtering. Abstract: A technical study by computer simulation has been performed to assess the potential of maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) in a band-limited nonlinear satellite channel with two nonlinear elements [a high-power amplifier (HPA) and a transponder traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA)] operating in tandem. Starting with a brief background on digital modem development, this paper outlines the basic principle of MLSD and a conceptual structure suitable for satellite channel applications. The bit-error rate has been computed for a realistic nonlinear satellite channel using Forney's approach with the Viterbi algorithm. The upper bound of channel performance improvement in a typical satellite link has been identified. |
399,821 | Please write an abstract with title: HTS microstrip bipin antenna array for broadband satellite communication, and key words: Microstrip antenna arrays, Microstrip antennas, Broadband antennas, High temperature superconductors, Satellite antennas, Broadband communication, Satellite communication, Bandwidth, Antenna arrays, Superconducting thin films. Abstract: In this paper we report the broadband antenna array made of high-T/sub c/ superconducting (HTS) thin films. Though HTS antennas have high efficiency and high gain, narrow bandwidth due to the high Q is the major limitation for application of satellite communication and mobile communication. Defining bandwidth as the frequency range over which standing wave ratio (SWR) is 2:1 or less, HTS antenna bandwidths are typically less than 1%. Thus considerable effort has been focused on developing HTS antennas for broadband operation. In this work the HTS antenna array, using the bipin antenna which consisted of two triangle-radiation patches, was designed and fabricated using a YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO) superconducting thin film on a MgO substrate for broadband operation. Also gold antennas with the same dimension as our HTS antennas were fabricated on the MgO substrate for the comparison. Experimental results for our HTS antenna array and gold counterparts were reported in terms of radiation patterns, return losses, bandwidths and other various characteristics. The center frequency of our HTS antennas was 20.28 GHz and the bandwidth obtained was significant 10%. |
399,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Stochastic Model Checking with Stochastic Bounds, and key words: Stochastic processes, Steady-state, Distributed computing, State-space methods, Numerical analysis, Performance analysis, Random variables, IP networks, Throughput, Delay. Abstract: Stochastic model checking requires the computation of steady-state or transient distribution for finite or infinite Markov chains for the evaluation of some formulas implying probabilities. However the numerical analysis of Markov chains is much less efficient than the sophisticated algorithmic techniques such as MTBDD developed for the deterministic model checking. We propose to simplify the numerical evaluation of probabilities using stochastic bounds. We show that this approach can be used to bound transient, steady-state and cumulative rewards and may help to evaluate efficiently formulas based on these rewards. |
399,823 | Please write an abstract with title: A Digitally-secured Automated Fleet Management Scheme for Electric Buses based on Blockchain, and key words: Transactive energy, Schedules, Costs, Uncertainty, Technology management, Smart contracts, Process control. Abstract: Electrification of public transportation is one of the plausible ways through which many countries are adopting sustainable mobility. As the new transportation paradigm is being embraced by many nations, the uncertainties in traction technology, management of bus-charging, and demands of efficient public mobility will pose challenges in ensuring the timely schedule of the fleet. Also, with an additional level of financial transaction, between the bus operators and the charge operators, and the digital payment modes getting preferences, trust and security issues would arise. A blockchain-based system for fleet management can ensure minimal transaction cost and an efficient schedule and operation. As new transaction mechanisms emerge, blockchain could facilitate transactive energy exchanges. This paper proposes a blockchain-based mechanism for electric buses (EBs) charging. An optimization framework incorporating blockchain transactive operation has been proposed to solve for the most efficient fleet schedule at the least charging cost. The architecture of the proposed methodology is detailed, and the case study of Quito-Ecuador is evaluated. |
399,824 | Please write an abstract with title: New Technique for Composite Formation, and key words: Cutting tools, Scanning electron microscopy, Powders, Liquids, Nanocomposites, Sintering, Milling. Abstract: In general, composites are formed from a powder mixture of binder and reinforcement materials. The softer binder material surrounds and binds together the much stronger reinforcement material. The reinforcement material can be in the form of fibers or particles. The cutting tools are an example of composite materials where softer cobalt (Co) is used as a binder and the stronger tungsten carbide (WC) hard material as a reinforcement. Liquid phase sintering is applied for the processing of cutting tools and high densification is usually achieved after short periods of sintering at high temperatures. Life of cutting tools is usually extended by applying thin coating layers of titanium nitride (TiN) on WC/Co composite or hard ferrous-based cutting tip. However, such coated tools can not be re-sharpened and therefore, they can only be used once. That is a major limitation. Monolithic TiN has high enough hardness for cutting tool applications but it is too brittle for such applications. It may be made tougher through the addition of titanium (Ti) metal as a binder and the design of appropriate microstructures of Ti-TiN composites. Such composites may be designable to provide the right combination of properties such as toughness, hardness; and thermal conductivity required for replacing the coated tips in many machining applications. This paper covers a new method for designing such composites. The monolithic Ti-TiN composites synthesized from nano-structural precursor powders have shown that designing a certain composite maybe possible through mechno-synthesis using precursor elemental materials. Formation of nanostructural titanium nitride was achieved by ball milling of titanium powder in nitrogen or ammonia under controlled conditions. More importantly, by controlling the milling time, homogeneous and uniform distribution of TiN particles in Ti matrix was produced. The potential of this synthesis process in producing other composites with the required combination of properties and overcoming the wetting problems that exist in the conventional liquid-phase sintering as a result of the high reactivity of the powder product is illustrated. Moreover, control of the matrix to hard phase ratio and the final size distributions of the crystallites were possible using this synthesis method by controlling the pressure changes of the nitriding gas during the milling process. Full compaction and liquid phase sintering of the nanostructural Ti-TiN powders synthesized by this route were achieved without using sintering aids. High hardness values (up to 23 GPa) were achieved. X-ray analysis, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were employed in the structural characterization of the processed compacts. Micro- and macro-indentation techniques were used in evaluating the mechanical properties of such compacts. |
399,825 | Please write an abstract with title: High Performance Balanced Bandpass Filters With Wideband Common Mode Suppression, and key words: Band-pass filters, Filtering theory, Resonator filters, Optical ring resonators, Equivalent circuits, Impedance, Passband. Abstract: Two compact and high selectivity balanced bandpass filters with excellent common mode rejection are designed in this brief. Compared with the half-wavelength microstrip transmission line, 180° phase shift is realized by two small swap structures, which are composed by double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL), and this way can easily realize a wideband common mode rejection with compact circuit size. Two out-of-band transmission zeros are introduced by the dual-mode ring resonator in the first proposed structure; thus, high selectivity can be achieved. In the second filter, shorted/open coupled microstrip lines are added between the dual-mode ring resonator and 180° swap structure, two additional transmission zeros can be achieved. Finally, two prototypes center at 2.2 GHz are fabricated, and the measured 3-dB bandwidths for the differential mode are 23.6% and 11.8%, respectively. |
399,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Handover and QoS Control in LTE HetNet Based on Fuzzy Logic Design, and key words: Handover, Fuzzy logic controller, Quality of Service. Abstract: In heterogeneous networks (HetNet), the handover is an important process that affects the quality of service (QoS) performance. The decision of handover is the objective rule in the handover process. The main objective of this paper is to propose a fuzzy logic model to calculate the QoS for LTE networks based on handover process. The fuzzy logic model is designed for macro or small cell construction and use Signal to Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR), data rate, load, distance between user and base station, and velocity of user equipment as parameters. To reduce the number of rules in the fuzzy model, the proposed design is arranged as a combination of multi stage fuzzy logic. This will simplify the design for large input parameters, i.e., reduce the design complexity. The new proposed model consists of three stages to calculate the QoS. The design will find its application in VOIP, HTTP, Videos, and Email services. Matlab simulation of the proposed design provided a 100% QoS under the constraints of high throughput, low network delay, low jitter, and low loss rate. |
399,827 | Please write an abstract with title: A quad-band low power single chip direct conversion CMOS transceiver with /spl Sigma//spl Delta/-modulation loop for GSM, and key words: Transceivers, GSM, Phase noise, CMOS technology, Frequency, Delta-sigma modulation, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Power generation, Transmitters, SAW filters. Abstract: This paper presents a fully integrated quad band GSM transceiver with a new sigma-delta modulator architecture designed in a standard 120 nm CMOS technology. The fully integrated VCO operates at 4 GHz with a frequency range that can be programmed by 10 bit. The output power of the transmitter is 8 dBm and no TX SAW filter is needed due to the low phase noise of -162 dBc/Hz at 20 MHz offset frequency. The inband phase noise of the synthesizer is only -100 dBc/Hz and an overall phase noise error of 1.6/spl deg/ rms has been measured. The receiver has constant gain of 57 dB and fits to a baseband processor providing a 14 bit ADC. The noise figure in all bands is below 3 dB typically. The chip is housed in a 48 pin VQFN package. |
399,828 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial neural network-based peak load forecasting using conjugate gradient methods, and key words: Artificial neural networks, Load forecasting, Gradient methods, Neural networks, Input variables, Principal component analysis, Feeds, Feedforward neural networks, Character generation, Weather forecasting. Abstract: The daily electrical peak load forecasting (PLF) has been done using the feed forward neural network (FFNN)-based upon the conjugate gradient (CG) back-propagation methods, by incorporating the effect of 11 weather parameters, the previous day peak load information, and the type of day. To avoid the trapping of the network into a state of local minima, the optimization of user-defined parameters, namely, learning rate and error goal, has been performed. The training dataset has been selected using a growing window concept and is reduced as per the nature of the day and the season for which the forecast is made. For redundancy removal in the input variables, reduction of the number of input variables has been done by the principal component analysis (PCA) method of factor extraction. The resultant dataset is used for the training of a 3-layered NN. To increase the learning speed, the weights and biases are initialized according to the Nguyen and Widrow method. To avoid over fitting, an early stopping of training is done at the minimum validation error. |
399,829 | Please write an abstract with title: Buyer's guide [intro to the Special Issue], and key words: Turing machines, Sequential circuits, Automata, Mathematics, Circuit synthesis, Switching circuits, Decision making, Logic circuits. Abstract: In the search for understanding of the theoretical capabilities of computers and other decision-making logical machines, two abstract models have been found useful: finite-state machines and Turing machines. Roughly speaking, a finite-state machine emulates a collection of elemental bistable devices interconnected so that they exhibit a memory. A Turing machine consists of a finite-state circuit operating in conjunction with an infinite tape which it scans and upon which symbols are read, erased, and rewritten. Since the finite-state model is a component of even the Turing machine, a significant amount of effort has gone into the study of its organization, internal communication problems, and the complexity requisite to accomplishing various general transformations on the sequences of digits which constitute its input data. In the role of a sequence transducer between its input and output data streams the finite-state circuit (also called sequential circuit, or finite-state automaton, etc.) acts somewhat analogously to an electrical filter operating on voltage or current waveforms. That is the primary reason that the papers of this issue are found here rather than in, say, a mathematics journal. In this issue the paper by Seshu, Miller, and Metze investigates a matrix formulation of this statement and of some of its consequences. Unger examines in some detail the effects of stray delays in the elemental switching devices making up asynchronous sequential circuits. Simon shows some special properties of some sequential transducers which have simple forms of memory. In Cadden's paper the question of equivalence of circuits whose data are presented in various forms, but which have the same ultimate design objective, is treated. A formal analysis of a quite general class of one-dimensional iterative circuits is set forth by Hennie. Since one subclass of these circuits is analogous to the conventional finite-state machine this paper may eventually lead to a better understanding both of finite-state circuits and also of uniform arrays of logical elements in more than one dimension. A comprehensive review of the present state of the art in linear sequential networks is the end-product of the paper by Elspas. The subject matter of the papers. by Friedland and Hartmanis is the extension of previous work on linear binary circuits to other number bases. |
399,830 | Please write an abstract with title: Content-based tissue image mining, and key words: Biomedical computing, Image recognition, Biological cells, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Biological data management and mining are critical areas of modern-day biology research. High throughput and high information content are two important aspects of any Tissue Microarray Analysis (TMA) system. Tissue image mining is efficient and faster if the tissue images are indexed, stored and mined on content. A four-level system to harness the knowledge of a pathologist with image analysis, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence is proposed in this article. At Image Processing and Information Level, information such as contrast or color is used. At Object Level, pathological objects, including cell components, are identified. At Semantic Level, layout and formation of individual cells into sheets in a tissue image are analyzed. At the highest level. Knowledge Level, inference of the expert is indicated. A pilot system that uses two levels of harnessing involving the first two levels' features of tissue images with immunohistochemical markers is implemented. |
399,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Edge-Cloud Computing for Internet of Things Data Analytics: Embedding Intelligence in the Edge With Deep Learning, and key words: Cloud computing, Edge computing, Task analysis, Data analysis, Internet of Things, Sensors, Computational modeling. Abstract: Rapid growth in numbers of connected devices including sensors, mobile, wearable, and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices, is creating an explosion of data that are moving across the network. To carry out machine learning (ML), IoT data are typically transferred to the cloud or another centralized system for storage and processing; however, this causes latencies and increases network traffic. Edge computing has the potential to remedy those issues by moving computation closer to the network edge and data sources. On the other hand, edge computing is limited in terms of computational power, and thus, is not well-suited for ML tasks. Consequently, this article aims to combine edge and cloud computing for IoT data analytics by taking advantage of edge nodes to reduce data transfer. In order to process data close to the source, sensors are grouped according to locations, and feature learning is performed on the close by edge node. For comparison reasons, similarity-based processing is also considered. Feature learning is carried out with deep learning - the encoder part of the trained autoencoder is placed on the edge and the decoder part is placed on the cloud. The evaluation was performed on the task of human activity recognition from sensor data. The results show that when sliding windows are used in the preparation step, data can be reduced on the edge up to 80% without significant loss in accuracy. |
399,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic noise in synchronous salient-pole electrical machines, and key words: Stators, Vibrations, Force, Magnetic noise, Footwear, Strain, Shock absorbers. Abstract: Magnetic noise owes its origin to many design factors in synchronous salient-pole machines. |
399,833 | Please write an abstract with title: A formation control method of UAV Based on accelerated neural network, and key words: PI control, Systematics, Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Neural networks, Aerodynamics, Robustness. Abstract: This paper studies the cooperative control of multi-UAV formation. Based on the traditional PID algorithm, a cooperative flight control method based on accelerating neural network is proposed. Firstly, aiming at the low efficiency of traditional PID control algorithm, a PID controller based on neural network is proposed to improve the control accuracy and stability of the algorithm. In order to solve the problem of slow convergence speed of neural network, the momentum term and gradient factor are introduced to improve the convergence speed of the network, which significantly improve UAV formation flight dynamic response. The UAV formation simulation results show that the algorithm can improve the convergence efficiency of the original algorithm and also has certain robustness. |
399,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Graph Neural Networks Extract High-Resolution Cultivated Land Maps From Sentinel-2 Image Series, and key words: Image segmentation, Task analysis, Training, Spatial resolution, Satellites, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Maintaining farm sustainability through optimizing the agricultural management practices helps build more planet-friendly environment. The emerging satellite missions can acquire multispectral and hyperspectral imagery which captures more detailed spectral information concerning the scanned area, hence allows us to benefit from subtle spectral features during the analysis process in agricultural applications. We introduce an approach for extracting 2.5-m cultivated land maps from 10-m Sentinel-2 (S-2) multispectral image (MSI) series which benefits from a compact graph convolutional neural network. The experiments indicate that our models not only outperform classical and deep machine learning techniques through delivering higher quality segmentation maps, but also dramatically reduce the memory footprint when compared to U-Nets (almost 8k trainable parameters of our models, with up to 31-M parameters of U-Nets). Such memory frugality is pivotal in the missions which allow us to uplink a model to the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered satellite once it is in orbit, as sending large nets is impossible due to the time constraints. |
399,835 | Please write an abstract with title: AMSR-E soil moisture inversion based on GRNN neural network, and key words: Microwave measurement, Soil measurements, Atmospheric measurements, Moisture measurement, Soil moisture, Neural networks, Microwave radiometry. Abstract: Passive microwave remote sensing data and measured soil moisture content in AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System) had been adopted for hilly region of Central Sichuan province from 2006 to 2010. Using Tbv6.9, Tbv10.7, Tbv18.7 and Tbh36.5 as input factors, A GRNN neural network was established to retrieve soil water content, and the correlation coefficient between the simulated value and the spatial and temporal sequence of measured soil water was calculated. The results showed that the GRNN neural network's correlation coefficient inversion of soil moisture and the measured soil moisture is relatively higher than the one of soil moisture retrieved by the equation inversion of standard atmospheric transmission and the measured soil moisture. Thus using AMSR-E data based on GRNN neural network model to simulate the soil moisture is feasible. |
399,836 | Please write an abstract with title: A FIT matrix formulation for the application of global boundary conditions in frequency domain, and key words: Boundary conditions, Frequency domain analysis, Magnetic materials, Integral equations, Voltage, Magnetic domains, Metalworking machines, Ice. Abstract: A global boundary condition based on an integral representation of the boundary electric field is derived for the finite integration technique (FIT) in the frequency domain. The boundary condition is expressed in the form of a discrete boundary operator which conforms with the FIT matrix-based approach. For the solution of the overall system of equations, an iterative technique is used. |
399,837 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Complexity of Object Detection on Real-world Public Transportation Images for Social Distancing Measurement, and key words: Pandemics, Surveillance, Current measurement, Human factors, Object detection, Cameras, Social factors. Abstract: Social distancing in public spaces has become an essential aspect in helping to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploiting recent advances in machine learning, there have been many studies in the literature implementing social distancing via object detection through the use of surveillance cameras in public spaces. However, there has been no study of social distance measurement on public transport to date. The public transport setting has some unique challenges, including low-resolution images and physical camera locations that can lead to the partial occlusion of passengers, making it challenging to perform accurate detection. Thus, this paper investigates the challenges of performing accurate social distance measurements on public transportation. We benchmark several state-of-the-art object detection algorithms using real-world footage taken from the London Underground and bus network. The work highlights the complexity of performing social distancing measurements on images from current public transportation onboard cameras. Further, exploiting domain knowledge of expected passenger behaviour, we attempt to improve the quality of the detections using various strategies and show improvement over using vanilla object detection alone. |
399,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Kernelized Subfilter Nonlinear AEC Algorithm, and key words: Performance evaluation, Echo cancellers, Acoustic distortion, Filtering, Simulation, Nonlinear distortion, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: The acoustic echo canceller developed based on a linear echo path suffers performance degradation due to distortion induced by the electronic components in hands-free devices. Recently kernel-based approach is proposed to minimize the effects of distortion. Here, the distortion is modeled using the kernel method. However, there exists a scope to further enhance the performance of echo cancellers. In this work, we propose an improved variant of the kernel approach for enhancing the performance by maintaining a better trade-off between the rate of convergence and steady-state. Simulation results show that the proposed approach was able to perform better than the existing kernel method in minimizing the impact of the sigmoidal-based saturation distortion on the echo cancellation performance. |
399,839 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Measuring and Duplication Techniques of Spectrum of the Moxibustion in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and key words: Biomedical measurements, Wavelength measurement, Biomedical engineering, Curing, Diseases, Testing, Instruments, Power distribution, Temperature distribution, Lamps. Abstract: Moxibustion has been one of the most important therapeutic methods in traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. It is meaningful to research on the mechanism of moxibustion and the techniques about how to realize the perfect efficacy with modern engineering technology. In this paper, the authors presented a series of research works on this, including: experiments on the Indirect and direct measuring methods, the first enjoys the advantage of spectrum width, the later is straightforward; studies on the duplication techniques of the spectrum of moxibustion. The main results are: the radiation power of moxibustion is distributed over the region very closed to near-infrared mainly and the wavelength corresponding to the peak value is about 2800nm; Using tungsten-halogen lamp with wide spectral range can duplicate the spectrum of moxibustion by means of light-filtering and power manipulation. A schematic diagram of electric moxibustion which has been used in clinic was also presented. |
399,840 | Please write an abstract with title: From Undergraduate to Doctoral Health Informatics Training: A Data Focus, and key words: Training, Medical services, Data science, Market research, Accreditation, Complexity theory, Personnel. Abstract: As the field of health informatics matures, there is a growing need for highly qualified personnel with not only expertise in healthcare systems and clinical applications, but also strong data science and technical skills. This paper discusses trends in health informatics education and presents an integrated curriculum that spans from undergraduate to doctoral training with a specific focus on data. Results of a review on health informatics programs and their accreditation bodies conducted internationally and nationally are presented. Details of one program's curriculum are presented with specific focus on student transition between undergraduate, master's and doctoral training. |
399,841 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Industrial Design Innovation Method Based on Data Mining, and key words: Economics, Technological innovation, Statistical analysis, Design methodology, Globalization, Production, Market research. Abstract: Under the background of economic globalization, industrial design has gradually been integrated into daily life and work, prompting all walks of life to pay close attention to the innovation and development of industrial design. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the definition of industrial design and data mining, this paper analyzes how to analyze innovative industrial technology based on data mining according to the current market development trend. |
399,842 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-noise InP-based avalanche photodiodes with an impact-ionization-engineered multiplication region, and key words: Dark current, Electrons, Photonic band gap, Impact ionization, Gallium arsenide, Indium compounds, Charge carrier processes, Breakdown voltage, Sun, Performance gain. Abstract: We report the direct growth of impact-ionization engineering (I/sub 2/E) structures using InAlAs and InAlGaAs quaternary in the multiplication regions. Compared to homojunction InAlAs and InP APDs, lower excess noise and comparable dark current have been achieved. |
399,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Signal integrity face to face with EMC in PCB design, and key words: Electromagnetic compatibility, Signal design, Mathematical model, Circuit simulation, Digital circuits, Signal analysis, Electronic circuits, Frequency, Integrated circuit interconnections, Signal processing. Abstract: The paper presents a review of the most important phenomena that determine the signal integrity and EMC on the signal traces for the PCB equipped with digital circuits. The aim of this paper is to highlight the effects of variation of design parameters, signal integrity and EMC field. For all of the mentioned phenomena the mathematical models are specified. These models can be used in order to characterize the PCB signal traces and the way in which these models can be implemented in Matlab program. The Matlab simulated results and other electronics circuit simulator results (Pspice, Omega+) are compared. Based on this comparison, some observations about model performances and limitations can be done. Using these results, the paper analyses the effect that appears in signal integrity assurance and EMC, based on variation of some signal traces parameters. The conclusions of this paper are recommendation for signal traces design when digital circuits are used. |
399,844 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Role of Pronunciation laws in Chinese Named Entity Recognition(NER), and key words: Blogs, Phonetics, Transformers, Natural language processing, Task analysis, Information technology, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Named entity recognition is the basic task of natural language processing. It is widely used in information extraction and knowledge map construction. According to the unique pronunciation characteristics of Chinese, the word vector is trained by international phonetic alphabet, Pinyin and dialect phonetic alphabet. The word vector has the ability to represent the position and direction of the context. In the experiment, the word vector is embedded in the model constructed based on transformer. Through the comparative experiment, the experiment is embedded in the resume data set and Weibo data set. Compared with the other three models as the baseline, the F1 value is the highest after embedding the pronunciation regular word vector. The quantitative and qualitative analysis is carried out on the recognition results of the test set to further verify the effectiveness of Chinese pronunciation law in improving the performance of Chinese named entity recognition. |
399,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental demonstration of secure quantum key distribution using macroscopic non-classical optical pulses, and key words: Optical pulses, Optical polarization, Security, Pulse measurements, Protocols, Encoding, Physics, Proposals, Pulse amplifiers, Pulse generation. Abstract: We present experimental results for a proof-of-principle demonstration of a quantum key-distribution system using macroscopic non-classical optical pulses. The results show a bit error rate of less than the 11% threshold required for absolute security |
399,846 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-channel airborne radar, and key words: Airborne radar, Synthetic aperture radar, Azimuth, Signal resolution, Array signal processing, Radar signal processing, Layout, Radar measurements, Signal processing algorithms, Signal synthesis. Abstract: This paper examines two applications of a multi-channel airborne radar system, or an array-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The first mode involves a stripmap SAR array whose electronically-steered beam patterns are exploited to achieved the azimuth resolution of its single element while maintaining a relatively high radar power; this system has applications in foliage penetrating (FOPEN) SAR. The second array-based SAR utlilizes two or more elements in the along-track domain to detect moving targets. Signal processing issues associated with these two array-based SAR systems are discussed. |
399,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of Resonance Streaming at the ERHIC Electron Storage Ring, and key words: Resonance, Storage rings, Damping, Electron beams, Particle tracking, Polarization, Tail, Laboratories, Life estimation, Lifetime estimation. Abstract: To estimate electron beam lifetime and detector background at the future electron-ion collider eRHIC, knowledge of the electron beam halo region is essential. Simulations have been performed to determine the deviation of the transverse beam profile from a Gaussian distribution. |
399,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the Influence of Deceptive Interference on Airborne Radar Sensor, and key words: airborne radar, deceptive jamming, range dragging, speed dragging, STT, TWS, TAS. Abstract: The detection mechanism of airborne radar sensor is simulated dynamically and realistically by data simulation method, including the detection function, the track function and resource scheduling function. A functional level detection model is established, which can realize the detection process of airborne radar and obtain the position and velocity parameters of aerial targets in three work modes such as single target tracking(STT), tracking while searching(TWS) and tracking add searching(TAS). The typical target scene is set up, and the detection mechanism of airborne radar sensor is analyzed and verified through three simulations for different purposes. Meanwhile, the influence of deceptive jamming such as range dragging or speed dragging on airborne radar detection ability is tested and analyzed. |
399,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Microfoundations of Organizational Ambidexterity: An Analysis of the Design, Actors, and Decisions at a Multinational Biotech Firm, and key words: Technological innovation, Industries, Interviews, Companies, Data collection. Abstract: Organizational ambidexterity—the simultaneous pursuit of exploration and exploitation—has emerged as a powerful concept in explaining long-term organizational success and survival. Yet, little attention has been paid to the microfoundations and specific managerial actions that facilitate the implementation and operation of an ambidextrous strategy. This article explores how a market leading biotechnology firm resolves challenges associated with the simultaneous pursuit of operational efficiency and innovation. Findings provide new insights into the multifaceted aspects of organizational ambidexterity and illustrate how companies dynamically manage the contradictory demands of exploration and exploitation at different organizational levels, and the individual behaviors and decisions that enable organizational ambidexterity. |
399,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Pressure observer-controller design for pneumatic cylinder actuators, and key words: Pneumatic actuators, Sliding mode control, Robust control, Programmable control, Adaptive control, State feedback, Pressure control, Control systems, Particle measurements, Costs. Abstract: Recent research has shown that robust and precise high-speed control of pneumatic actuators is practicable, by application of advanced control techniques such as model-based adaptive and sliding-mode control. However, the resulting need for full state-based feedback and feedforward control-in particular, the measurement of air pressures-increases both the cost and complexity of the overall system. In this paper, we consider the problem of design of observers to estimate the chamber pressure variables in a cylinder actuator. Since the cylinder pressures are not simultaneously observable because of the nature of cylinder dynamics, we first propose a continuous gain observer in which the pressure on one side of the cylinder is measured and the pressure on the other side is estimated. Next, we propose a sliding-mode observer where numerically estimated acceleration is used in order to observe both pressures, with ultimate bounded stability. A sliding-mode controller is proposed, whose sensitivity to errors under the sliding-mode observer is studied. The proposed observers are simple, effective and easy to implement. Results of experimental implementation illustrate the practical effectiveness of the new observers. |
399,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Image Translation With an Affinity-Based Change Prior for Unsupervised Multimodal Change Detection, and key words: Feature extraction, Deep learning, Synthetic aperture radar, Spatial resolution, Satellites, Remote sensing, Optical imaging. Abstract: Image translation with convolutional neural networks has recently been used as an approach to multimodal change detection. Existing approaches train the networks by exploiting supervised information of the change areas, which, however, is not always available. A main challenge in the unsupervised problem setting is to avoid that change pixels affect the learning of the translation function. We propose two new network architectures trained with loss functions weighted by priors that reduce the impact of change pixels on the learning objective. The change prior is derived in an unsupervised fashion from relational pixel information captured by domain-specific affinity matrices. Specifically, we use the vertex degrees associated with an absolute affinity difference matrix and demonstrate their utility in combination with cycle consistency and adversarial training. The proposed neural networks are compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Experiments conducted on three real data sets show the effectiveness of our methodology. |
399,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Discussion of "Distribution access pricing: application of the OFTEL rule to a yardstick competition scheme", and key words: Pricing, Costs, Energy consumption, Power generation economics, Context modeling, Monitoring, Industrial economics, Industrial relations, Electricity supply industry deregulation, Power system economics. Abstract: For original article by E. Recordon and H. Rudnick see ibid., vol.17, no.4, p.1001-7, Nov. 2002. |
399,853 | Please write an abstract with title: On equivariant adaptation in blind deconvolution, and key words: Deconvolution, Finite impulse response filter, Convolution, Nonlinear filters, Delay, Signal processing, Iterative algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Digital filters, Blind source separation. Abstract: In blind source separation, equivariance has been shown to be a useful property for designing simple and efficient iterative algorithms for the task. In this paper, we explore iterative equivariant algorithms for block-based blind deconvolution, in which the deconvolved symbol sequence is found by successively filtering the estimated symbol sequence. A procedure based on maximum likelihood estimation of the source symbol sequence is given, and its performance is studied through simulations. In addition, we show that in the absence of truncation effects, the well-known Shalvi-Weinstein blind deconvolution algorithm is an iterative equivariant blind deconvolution procedure. |
399,854 | Please write an abstract with title: Predictive Feature Learning for Future Segmentation Prediction, and key words: Representation learning, Bridges, Computer vision, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Decoding, Spatiotemporal phenomena. Abstract: Future segmentation prediction aims to predict the segmentation masks for unobserved future frames. Most existing works addressed it by directly predicting the intermediate features extracted by existing segmentation models. However, these segmentation features are learned to be local discriminative (with rich details) and are always of high resolution/dimension. Hence, the complicated spatiotemporal variations of these features are difficult to predict, which motivates us to learn a more predictive representation. In this work, we develop a novel framework called Predictive Feature Autoencoder. In the proposed framework, we construct an autoencoder which serves as a bridge between the segmentation features and the predictor. In the latent feature learned by the autoencoder, global structures are enhanced and local details are suppressed so that it is more predictive. In order to reduce the risk of vanishing the suppressed details during recurrent feature prediction, we further introduce a reconstruction constraint in the prediction module. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and our method outperforms state-of-the-arts by a considerable margin. |
399,855 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel broadband asynchronous histogram technique for optical performance monitoring [optical fibre communication], and key words: Histograms, Monitoring, Optical fiber communication, Optical distortion, Optical fiber filters, Distortion measurement, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical filters, Narrowband, Filtering. Abstract: We combine tunable narrowband filtering with asynchronous sampling to produce broadband histograms that measure frequency-resolved signal distortion. We demonstrate the technique using chirped WDM signals affected by filter detuning, dispersion and nonlinear effects. |
399,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Serial and Parallel Electromagnetic Transient Simulation Structure, and key words: Computational modeling, Task analysis, Program processors, Sockets, Parallel processing, Computer architecture, Memory management. Abstract: Electromagnetic transient simulation uses three-phase instantaneous values for calculation. Compared with electromechanical transient simulation, it has large amount of simulation, so it needs to adopt a parallel simulation method. To perform full electromagnetic simulation on general computer, this paper proposed a series-parallel hybrid simulation architecture suitable for large scale power system with low-density parallel computing. Base on the characteristics of double-sided read-write and double-sided time restriction of distributed parameter lines, this shared memory read-write mode has a natural mutual exclusion, which fundamentally eliminates the conflict of memory data and does not need to introduce the mutual exclusion mechanism. The method of shared memory can realize multi-threaded and cross program computing quickly. At the same time, the method based on shared memory and socket technology can realize parallel computing of cluster. Finally, an example of large-scale power grid is given, and the results on different general computers are compared to verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture. |
399,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of delayed measured systems and impulse length limitations in difference control, and key words: Control systems, Delay systems, Length measurement, Orbits, Extraterrestrial measurements, Chaos, Delay effects, Feedback, Lenses, Stability. Abstract: When stabilization of unstable periodic orbits or fixed points by the method given by Ott, Grebogi and Yorke (OGY) has to be based on a measurement delayed by /spl tau/ orbit lengths, unmodified OGY method fails beyond a maximal Lyapunov number of /spl lambda//sub max/ = 1+1//spl tau/. Therefore the question arises as to how the control of delayed measured chaotic systems can be improved. Apart from rhythmic control, OGY and difference control can be improved for this case by the memory methods discussed here, linear predictive logging control (LPLC) and memory difference control (MDC). These allow to overcome the measurement delay completely within the linear approximation around the orbit. Furthermore a new stability analysis of the two elementary Poincare-based chaos control schemes, OGY and difference control, is given by means of Floquet theory. This approach allows to calculate exactly the stability restrictions occurring for small measurement delays and for an impulse length shorter than the length of the orbit. As an unexpected result, while for OGY control the influence of the impulse length is marginal, difference control is shown to fail when the impulse length is taken longer than one half of the orbit length. |
399,858 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Review and Analysis of Artificial Neural Network Use in Power Application with Further Recommendation and Future Direction, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Recurrent neural networks, Fluctuations, Fault detection, Power quality, Artificial neural networks, Power system stability. Abstract: The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has become popular in the past few years for its great performance. It is suitable for the nonlinear nature of dynamic systems. The literature contains many articles on the use of ANN in power applications such as voltage stabilization, fault detection, prediction, maximum power point tracking, analytical load component, and power quality. ANN is expected to continue evolving in the next few years, due to the availability of big data for energy applications and the use of deep learning analysis. In this paper, a recent literary survey is conducted on the use of ANN in power applications. Moreover, strengths and week points are shown in order to allow for appropriate selection of the type of ANN which is as important as the selection of ANN parameters. |
399,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Measurement of Drone Swarm in RSS-Based Passive Localization With Region Constraints, and key words: Location awareness, Geometry, Robot sensing systems, Position measurement, Geology, Trajectory, Autonomous aerial vehicles. Abstract: Passive geolocation by multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) covers a wide range of military and civilian applications including rescue, wild life tracking and electronic warfare. The sensor-target geometry is known to significantly affect the localization precision. The existing optimal sensor placement strategies mainly work on the cases without any constraints on the sensor locations. However, UAVs cannot fly/hover simply in arbitrary region due to realistic constraints, such as the geographical limitations, the security issues, and the max flying speed. In this paper, optimal geometrical configurations of UAVs in received signal strength (RSS)-based localization under region constraints are investigated. Employing the D-optimal criteria, i.e., maximizing the determinant of Fisher information matrix (FIM), such optimal problem is formulated. Based on the rigorous algebra and geometrical derivations, optimal and also closed-form configurations of UAVs under different flying states are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed configurations are demonstrated by simulation examples. |
399,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Based Infrared Image Recognize and Internal Overheating Fault Diagnosis of Gas Insulated Switchgear, and key words: Connectors, Fault diagnosis, Image recognition, Metal enclosures, Software algorithms, Inspection, Software. Abstract: Current infrared inspection method could not identify internal connector temperature rise on different components of gas insulated switchgear (GIS). In this paper, a deep learning based infrared image recognize and internal overheating fault diagnosis method of GIS is purposed. Firstly, electromagnetic-fluid-thermal coupled numerical calculation are carried out to obtain relationship between surface and internal connector temperature rises, and temperature rise of internal connector is obtained from this relationship through calculated surface temperature. Secondly, various components of 110kV/220kV GIS which include are labeled from 700 field infrared images. A MASK R-CNN model is adopted to recognize different components of GIS. Finally, surface temperature of different GIS components is calculated by grey level values of segmented infrared images. The GIS component recognition algorithm and the internal connector temperature inversion algorithm are integrated into the software developed based on PyQt. On field application, good application effects can be achieved. Field applications show that the average recognition and diagnosis time for each infrared picture is about 4 seconds, which meets the real-time application requirements in the actual scene of power inspection. |
399,861 | Please write an abstract with title: A Mixed Control Approach to Nonlinear Coupled Burgers' PDE-ODE Systems with Sensor Nonlinearities, and key words: Rockets, Asymptotic stability, Sufficient conditions, Aerospace electronics, Ordinary differential equations, Mathematical models, Stability analysis. Abstract: This paper studies the stability analysis and control design problems for a class of nonlinear coupled complex systems with sensor nonlinearities via a mixed control approach. The nonlinear coupled complex systems are modelled as a nonlinear finite-dimensional ordinary differential equation coupled with an infinite-dimensional viscid burgers' equation. Due to the existence of both time and space dimensional nonlinearities and based on the Lyapunov stability theory, a mixed control approach is proposed to produce a fuzzy-model-based controller tackling the time dimensional nonlinearity and a boundary controller eliminating the space dimensional nonlinearity, such that the addressed coupled complex systems achieve asymptotic stability. Sufficient conditions are obtained via the convex optimization. Different from the existing results on control of coupled PDE-ODE systems, a mixed control approach is firstly developed by combining the boundary control approach and the fuzzy-model-based control approach. Finally, the proposed mixed control approach is applied to a nonlinear hypersonic rocket car to testify its validity. |
399,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Directives and Legislations - Recycling and Reuse of Products, and key words: Legislation, Recycling, Electronic waste, Packaging, Electrical equipment industry, Electrical products industry, Vehicles, Lead, Electronic equipment, Mercury (metals). Abstract: Recycling and reuse of products and product parts have become common in many industry countries. The acceptance is growing both in the awareness of industries as well as of consumers. Therefore many industries and service providers are diversifying into reusable and recyclable products. One possible option to show products' environmental performance is to label the products with a son of eco-labels. Also politic is promoting the protection of environment, at least to lower the amount of waste, thus certain legislations and directives are enacted e.g. ELV, WEEE, RoHS, Packaging Directive etc. However, the compliance with most of today's directives does not lead directly or as a matter of course to more environmentally friendly products or systems. On the contrary, the constrain to comply with these directives could lead to raise the "overall" environmental burdens caused by considered products or systems, since the directives often only cover the End of Lifes but not other life cycle stages (production and use phase). The EuP, which is a proposed draft framework Directive on the eco-design of energy-using products is expected to be a key driver in achieving the goal of reducing environmental impacts of products. This paper reports on the necessity of life cycle consideration to achieve the targeted improvement of products' environmental performance |
399,863 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of detection performance of a time domain and frequency domain adaptive algorithm, and key words: Frequency domain analysis, Adaptive algorithm, Adaptive filters, Narrowband, Circuits, Finite impulse response filter, Background noise, Noise robustness, Additive noise, Gaussian noise. Abstract: The detection of narrowband tonals amid broadband noise is typically performed by an FFT processor followed by square law detection and integration. The use of an adaptive Time Domain filter to augment the processor has been shown to provide potential robustness in the processor for the case of non-ideal broadband background noise. In this paper, the performance of an alternate frequency domain augmented narrowband processor is compared to the Time Domain adaptive filter. The detection performance of the two different augmented processors is measured by means of Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves. It is shown that the detection performance for the two augmented processors is approximately the same for the case of large post detection time-bandwidth products. |
399,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Voltage Regulator, and key words: Automatic Voltage Rregulator (AVR), transient stability, pID Controller. Abstract: A power system is important for today's infrastructure which is controlled by various methods and to handle a system smartly it is necessary to know about its various parameters and role played by them. The objective of this project is to improve the stability by using power system stabilizer, automatic voltage regulator and Governor. In power system it is necessary to achieve effective stability and good regulation of various devices and hence AVR are extensively used. But AVR should be coupled with any appropriate controller to overcome slow response due to disturbance which will provide efficient stability. In power generating system, AVR controller with PID is very necessary for controlling the voltage of power generation system due to change in load. Voltage fluctuation is mainly due to the variation in the load and if there is a variation in the voltage then it can damage the equipment so it is necessary to stabilize the voltage, so AVR is used in the system. The systems modeled consist of the amplifier, exciter, sensor & stabilizer or PID controller. Simulation results of the AVR system using MATLAB are presented. |
399,865 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Concealment based Compressive Sensing Encryption for Perfect Secrecy for IoT, and key words: Sensors, Encryption, Discrete cosine transforms, Energy measurement, Electrocardiography, Decoding, Compressed sensing. Abstract: Recent study has shown that compressive sensing (CS) based computationally secure scheme using Gaussian or Binomial sensing matrix in resource-constrained IoT devices is vulnerable to ciphertext-only attack. Although the CS-based perfectly secure scheme has no such vulnerabilities, the practical realization of the perfectly secure scheme is challenging, because it requires an additional secure channel to transmit the measurement norm. In this paper, we devise a practical realization of a perfectly secure scheme by concealing energy in which the requirement of an additional secure channel is removed. Since the generation of Gaussian sensing matrices is not feasible in resource-constrained IoT devices, approximate Gaussian sensing matrices are generated using linear feedback shift registers. We also demonstrate the implementation feasibility of the proposed perfectly secure scheme in practice without additional complexity. Furthermore, the security analysis of the proposed scheme is performed and compared with the state-of-the-art compressive sensing based energy obfuscation scheme. |
399,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Engineering Circular Polarization in Chip-integrated High-T<inf>c</inf> Superconducting THz Antennas, and key words: Polarization, Electromagnetics, Standards, Antennas. Abstract: We report on the control of circularly polarized terahertz (THz) wave in BSCCO superconducting THz antennas with center and edge-bias injected standard pentagonal cavity. The corners of the standard pentagonal cavity were engineered, to form the two-corner-rounded and all-corner-rounded, to investigate how it would affect the circular polarization at the fundamental frequency, at which the fundamental mode emerges. The results indicate that corner-rounding has detrimental effects on the center-injected pentagonal cavity, but has positive effects on the edge-injected pentagonal cavity. |
399,867 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Evaluation of Different Pretrained Models for Automatic Segmentation of Gliomas, and key words: Pre-Trained, Deep Learning, Glioma, Loss function. Abstract: The automatic segmentation of gliomas is a laborious task due to the complexity of the gliomas' morphology, size and location. Most of the available deep learning-based techniques exploit architectures from scratch which requires extensive GPU memory and other computational resources. Moreover, these architectures fail to identify extremely minute core and enhancing regions of High Grade Glioma (HGGs). So, this work presents the utilization of the four reliable pre-trained models from the families of MobileNet and EfficientNet for the effective segmentation of three glioma sub-constituents. Both these families present the lightweight architectures which not only minimizes the trainable parameters but also elevates the segmentation efficiencies. The experimental analysis is performed on Multimodal brain tumor segmentation challenge (BraTS 2020) database and it is indicated that EfficientNet B4 produces highest values of dice coefficient as 0.968, 0.971 and 0.944 for the complete, core and enhancing regions of gliomas respectively. |
399,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of misbehaviour driving detection and alert system, and key words: Roads, Mobile handsets, Automobiles, Noise measurement, Global Positioning System, Vehicles, Meteorology. Abstract: An alert system for drivers is implemented. If a driver drives a car with misbehavior, the system will alert him to change his misbehavior at once. In order to alert driver, GPS points are recorded from driver's mobile phone. Noisy GPS points and stopped GPS points are removed. Missed GPS points are found using interpolation methods and road segments are created based on cleaned GPS points. Driver's behavior is checked based on not only the road speed limit but also current weather conditions and important places nearby the car. Misbehaviour information will also be sent to the control center. |
399,869 | Please write an abstract with title: GPS Data Correction Through The IVE Model For Use In Vehicle Emission Estimates for Congestion Pricing, and key words: Global Positioning System, Smoothing methods, Urban areas, Roads, Mathematical model, Load modeling, Data models. Abstract: Environmental pollution as a result of vehicle emissions has become a growing problem around the world due to the accelerated increase of cars on the road. This affects the health and life quality of citizens, especially in highly populated areas. Despite this situation, some cities have been very effective in controlling emission sources. According to the state of the art related to environment and private transportation, congestions taxes are powerful policies in terms of reducing the pollution generated by vehicles. However, when applying this kind of policies it is not easy to demonstrate emissions reduction, so that, its effectiveness is debated. Measuring vehicle emissions on the road is not an easy task. Hence, there are many models to approach emissions estimation. One of them is the International Emission Model (IVE), the problem with this and other models is the lack of data accuracy and the difficulties in the preprocessing of it. The objective of this study is to foster the development of emissions inventories from mobile sources using the IVE model, through making data processing easy. To this purpose, it was addressed the main problem concerning the low quality of velocity and altitude data registered with GPS and proposed the development of an application capable of automatically filtering the atypical route data and softening the curve data with the Smoothing Spline method. The application calculated the vehicle-specific power (VSP) Bins according to the IVE model and automatically exported the results to the database of the model. As a result, it was possible to show the importance of adequately processing the data from the GPS equipment and the significant variations in the results of the emissions calculations if no data correction is conducted. This application can motivate more cities to apply vehicle congestion policies, since the estimation of emissions is easy to get and provided with more accurate results. |
399,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of multiconductor transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters and incident electromagnetic fields, and key words: Electromagnetic analysis, Multiconductor transmission lines, Frequency, Electromagnetic fields, Electromagnetic interference, Transient analysis, Delay, Stability analysis, Analytical models, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: This paper presents an efficient algorithm for transient analysis of multiconductor transmission lines (MTL) with frequency-dependent parameters subjected to electromagnetic interference (EMI). A closed-form formulation in terms of split representation of equivalent sources is proposed to account for EMI induced effects. A compact and passive macromodel based on delay extraction and closed-form representation is used to describe the distributed nature of the MTL stamp. The proposed algorithm, while guaranteeing the stability of the simulation by employing passive macromodels, provides significant speed-up for EMI analysis of transmission line networks, especially with large delay and low losses. |
399,871 | Please write an abstract with title: First Divertor Thomson Scattering Measurements on Mast-U, and key words: Legged locomotion, Laser theory, Raman scattering, Scattering, Measurement by laser beam, Plasma measurements, Timing. Abstract: First data has been obtained from the MAST-U divertor Thomson scattering diagnostic [1] . Following a Raman scattering calibration in Nitrogen, the diagnostic operated during the first physics campaign. Measurements have been taken in detached and attached conditions and as the strike leg has moved through the field of view of the diagnostic. The system operated with a dedicated 30Hz laser whose timing was synchronised with 7 similar lasers installed in the core Thomson system. |
399,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Generating Sequences for Online Courses using a GAN based on a small Sample Set, and key words: Training, Measurement, Adaptation models, Adaptive learning, Manuals, Generative adversarial networks, Generators. Abstract: In this paper, we use a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) as a sequence generator for language learning online courses. Therefore, we cluster a very small dataset of manually created training samples to derive rules. Then, we train a GAN that can mimic rule-based sequences, where we use our derived rules to evaluate generated samples. We enhance our approach by a parameter that course creators can select deviations they want to have in new sequences without manual adjustments. The resulting sequences follow the core structure of the small sample set. Based on deviations of the generated new learning paths, new combinations of methods can be used that course creators did not previously have in mind. This opens up a new way to generate course sequences without the need to model many alternative learning paths for adaptions. |
399,873 | Please write an abstract with title: A programmable NMOS DRAM controller for microcomputer systems with dual-port memory and error checking and correction, and key words: MOS devices, Random access memory, Control systems, Microcomputers, Error correction, Delay, Microprocessors, System buses, Clocks, Logic design. Abstract: An NMOS DRAM controller for use in microcomputer systems based on the iAPX-86 and iAPX-286 microprocessor families or on the Multibus system bus is described. The controller provides complete support for dual-port memories and memories with error checking and correction. The controller has programmable attributes for configuring it to the particular requirements of the system. The controller uses parallel arbitration to minimize arbitration delay. A memory cycle will start on the same clock edge that samples a command if the cycle has been previously enabled. Novel logic and circuit design techniques have been used to achieve 16 MHz operation, 20 ns input setup time, and 35 ns output delay time. |
399,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory Optimization of Hypersonic Glider Based on Attack Angle-Velocity Profile Using Gauss Pseudo-Spectral Method, and key words: Heating systems, Attitude control, Aerodynamics, Numerical simulation, Vehicle dynamics, Task analysis, Trajectory optimization. Abstract: The problem of trajectory optimization of hypersonic glider under multiple constraints is studied herein when the attack angle-velocity profile is designated. First, the motion model of hypersonic glider during reentry phase is established and the related constraints are constructed. Then, the attack angle-velocity profile is designated before trajectory optimization which is different from most existing studies. This measure is to make it easier to deal with the constraints of heat flow and aerodynamic load, and reduce the requirements of guidance on attitude control system. Subsequently, a modified piecewise Gauss Pseudo-Spectral method is introduced to optimize the trajectory with constraints of waypoints and no-fly zones. Finally, numerical simulations is conducted and the results demonstrate the validation of proposed methods and the superiority of using attack angle-velocity profile. |
399,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Style Evaluation of Chinese Fonts with Applications, and key words: Libraries, Vocabulary, Statistical analysis, Psychology, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Software reliability. Abstract: Aesthetic evaluation is an important part of Chinese font design and generation, but there is still a lack of scientific calculation model for effective aesthetic and style evaluation of fonts. In this paper, a method of font evaluation based on experimental aesthetics is proposed and applied to the visual evaluation and retrieval development of printed fonts. Firstly, the commonly used computer font database is selected to generate the research font map; secondly, the aesthetic scale is compiled to recruit the subjects to evaluate the aesthetic of the printed characters of the scale; finally, the collected evaluation data are collected to analyze the characteristics of each font. The results showed that there was no significant difference in aesthetic feeling among the printing fonts, but there were significant differences in styles. A retrieval system designed by using style coefficient also has the practicability of font recommendation. This evaluation method can be applied to the research of similar fonts, and further expand the font data onto the recommendation system. |
399,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Fuzzy Consensus Tracking Control for Uncertain Fractional-Order Multiagent Systems With Event-Triggered Input, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Uncertainty, Trajectory, Multi-agent systems, Tracking, Symmetric matrices, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: This article focuses on the problem of adaptive fuzzy consensus tracking control with event-triggered input for a class of fractional-order multiagent systems, where systems are considered to be with unmeasurable states, mismatched uncertain external disturbances, and unknown nonlinearities. An event-triggered mechanism with a decreasing threshold function is proposed in this article, which mitigates communication burden and avoids large control impulse. To achieve better tracking performance in distributed control strategy, a compensating fractional-order adaptation law associated with consensus tracking error is introduced when agents cannot obtain the information of reference trajectory directly. Under the fractional-order stability theory, a novel distributed adaptive event-triggered controller with fuzzy observers is constructed, which ensures the boundedness of tracking errors. A simulation example demonstrates the correctness of the presented scheme. |
399,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of reference input of maximum power point tracking control for wind turbine, and key words: Rotors, Wind turbines, Wind energy, Wind speed, Optimal control, Mathematical model, Wind power generation. Abstract: In the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of the wind power system, the tracking of the power curve corresponding to the maximum power point (MPP) is a means for obtaining the maximum wind energy efficiency. However, the traditional optimal power curve is not involved with the dynamic response characteristic of wind turbine (WT). Hence, it is not the actually optimal power curve tracked by the rotor speed to capture the maximum wind energy. This phenomenon is especially serious in low-speed wind power generation systems with large moments of inertia of turbines. As a matter of fact, in most servo-track control problems involved with benefit optimization, the tracking to the reference input is not the final aim of the control, instead, it is just a means for the control to obtain a best benefit. Therefore, when the reference input changes too fast relative to the slow dynamics of the controlled object, it will be very difficult to be tracked and then the benefit will be degenerated. To solve this problem, this paper presented a optimization method to design a virtual reference input for replace the original one in the servo-track problem involved with benefit optimization, which is easier to be tracked and hence a higher benefit will be achieved. An application of this method in MPPT control of the wind turbines is implemented on a single mass model. The results show that the suboptimal rotor speed curve can replace the optimal rotor speed curve to obtain higher wind energy capture. |
399,878 | Please write an abstract with title: Addressing queuing bottlenecks at high speeds, and key words: Random access memory, Buffer storage, Costs, Round robin, Processor scheduling, Bandwidth, Global Positioning System, Sorting, Clocks, Internet. Abstract: Modern routers and switch fabrics can have hundreds of input and output ports running at up to 10 Gb/s; 40 Gb/s systems are starting to appear. At these rates, the performance of the buffering and queuing subsystem becomes a significant bottleneck. In high performance routers with more than a few queues, packet buffering is typically implemented using DRAM for data storage and a combination of off-chip and on-chip SRAM for storing the linked-list nodes and packet length, and the queue headers, respectively. This paper focuses on the performance bottlenecks associated with the use of off-chip SRAM. We show how the combination of implicit buffer pointers and multi-buffer list nodes can dramatically reduce the impact of buffering and queuing subsystem on queuing performance. We also show how combining it with coarse-grained scheduling can improve the performance of fair queuing algorithms, while also reducing the amount of off-chip memory and bandwidth needed. These techniques can reduce the amount of SRAM needed to hold the list nodes by a factor of 10 at the cost of about 10% wastage of the DRAM space, assuming an aggregation degree of 16. |
399,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of High Temperature Storage and Harden Accelerated Storage Test on Reliability of Flip Chip Bumps, and key words: Reliability, Flip-chip devices, Stress, Resistance, Humidity, Electronic packaging thermal management, Soldering. Abstract: Because of its excellent electrical performance, small package size, and high input/output (I/O) wire bonding processing capacity, the flip chip packaging technology has become more and more popular. However, mechanical failure often occurs on bumps under extreme stress conditions, which limits the high reliability application of flip chip. In this paper, the influence of both temperature and humidity on flip chip bump reliability were studied. A high temperature storage reliability test (HTST) of 150°C according to GJB548B-2005 and a high accelerated stress test (HAST) under condition A of GB/T 4937.4-2012 have been conducted on flip chip devices. The test results show that the electric resistance changes slightly after 2600h HTST, with an obvious crack propagating within the inter metallic compound (IMC) along the chip side. The daisy chain links have begun to fail after 384h HAST, with the resistance change rate of more than 10%. Similar crack location with a larger growth of IMC has also been observed. This implies that the humidity aggravates the growth of IMC and intensifies the crack growth, leading to the failure of the device. |
399,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Vanishing Point Aided LiDAR-Visual-Inertial Estimator, and key words: Visualization, Casting, Laser radar, Conferences, Pose estimation, Green products, Feature extraction. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a vanishing point aided LiDAR-Visual-Inertial estimator to achieve real-time, low-drift and robust pose estimation. The proposed method is mainly composed of 3 sequential modules, namely IMU-aided vanishing point (VP) detection module, voxel-map based feature depth association module, and visual inertial fixed-lag smoother module. The IMU-aided VP detection module will detect feature points, line segments and vanishing points to establish robust correspondences in successive frames. In particular, we propose to use 1-line RANSAC method to provide stable VP hypotheses and polar grid to accelerate vanishing point hypothesis validation. After that, we propose a novel voxel-map based feature depth association method, to retrieve depth and assign depth to visual feature efficiently. Finally, the visual inertial fixed-lag smoother module is proposed to jointly minimize error terms. Experiments show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art visual-inertial odometry and LiDAR-visual estimator in both indoor and outdoor environments. |
399,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Electrophysical Properties of Composite from Nano-Gel Film of Bacterial Cellulose with Addition of Carbon Nanotubes, and key words: Insulation, Microorganisms, Composite materials, Nanocomposites, Morphology, Carbon nanotubes, Conductivity. Abstract: Abstract-samples of composite material from nano-gel film of bacterial cellulose with addition of carbon nanotubes with concentration from 0.1% to 20% are made. The morphology of the obtained material is investigated. It is established that the electrical resistance of materials is a nonlinear function of the applied voltage. The resistivity of the resulting composite films was from 1 TΩ/m to 80 GΩ/m depending on the concentration of nanotubes; the breakdown field strength was from 18 kV/mm to 50 kV/mm. The factors influencing the accuracy of measurements of the parameters of the created composites are determined. |
399,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Platoon Control based on Predecessor and Delayed Leader Information via Minimized Headway Times, and key words: Acceleration, Stability analysis, Delays, Frequency-domain analysis, Vehicle dynamics, Perturbation methods, Faces. Abstract: The platoon control problem is considered under a recently proposed leader and predecessor following scheme with a third-order vehicle dynamics. The scheme is investigated with a simple PD-type controller in the face of delayed leader information. It is shown that string stability can be achieved only when the headway parameter is chosen larger than the communication delay. The use of larger headway parameters is also shown to be necessary to avoid the amplification of the acceleration signals backward along the platoon. Guidelines are given for the choice of controller gains and the headway parameter in a way to achieve desirable platoon behavior. |
399,883 | Please write an abstract with title: PHNet: Parasite-Host Network for Video Crowd Counting, and key words: Training data, Transforms, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Robustness, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Image sequences. Abstract: Crowd counting plays an increasingly important role in public security. Recently, many crowd counting methods for a single image have been proposed but few studies have focused on using temporal information from image sequences of videos to improve prediction performance. In the existing methods using videos for crowd estimation, temporal features and spatial features are modeled jointly for the prediction, which makes the model less efficient in extracting spatiotemporal features and difficult to improve the performance of predictions. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a Parasite-Host Network (PHNet) which is composed of Parasite branch and Host branch to extract temporal features and spatial features respectively. To specifically extract the transform features in the time domain, we propose a novel architecture termed as “Relational Extractor”(RE) which models the multiplicative interaction features of adjacent frames. In addition, the Host branch extracts the spatial features from a current frame which can be replaced with any model that uses a single image for the prediction. We conducted experiments by using our PHNet on four video crowd counting benchmarks: Venice, UCSD, FDST and CrowdFlow. Experimental results show that PHNet achieves superior performance on these four datasets to the state-of-the-art methods. |
399,884 | Please write an abstract with title: IOT based Smart Flow Meter for Smart Cities, and key words: Fluid flow measurement, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Smart cities, Water conservation, Flowmeters, Acoustics, Intelligent sensors. Abstract: Nowadays world is facing many serious problems. Water scarcity is one of the major issues which affects almost 4 billion people across the world. Proposed idea contributes to conserve water. It introduces an IoT based system which can calculate exact water usage of specific houses. Concept of smart flow meter implies the measurement of fluid volume consumed by the user and this usage is monitored and displayed to the corresponding user. Once a certain limit of usage is passed then the customer will receive a text message or a mail as a warning or reminder. After that charges will be applied for each liter of water used by that family or a specific person. The volume of water used is detected by ultrasonic sensors where micro-controllers receive the input data and send it to customers via text message through GSM module. If this system is implemented in every house and society then it will help significantly to reduce wastage of water and water scarcity for all smart cities. |
399,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing a 20 kV Additional Feeder for Improving Network Performance, and key words: additional feeder, loading current, network reconfiguration, voltage drop. Abstract: At PT PLN ULP Warujayeng, there was Warujayeng Feeder with load current of 159 A during normal condition and 297 A when the peak load also voltage drop reaches 7,14%. There was also Kalianyar Feeder with a load current of 163 A under normal condition and 254 A when the peak load and voltage drop reaches 6,28%. It can be seen that the value of the voltage drop was close to the standard set at -10% and +5%. To overcome this problem, PT PLN has transferred some of the load on the two feeders to a new feeder called the Mojokendil Feeder. It was carried out by cutting the Banjarsari LBS at the Warujayeng Feeder to function as the Banjarsari Recloser for the Mojokendil Feeder then cutting the Kalianyar Feeder and Warujayeng Feeder to be connected to the Ngetrep LBS which was previously an asset from the Kalianyar Feeder. In addition, the ten pole transformer substations at the Warujayeng Feeder and forty-four pole transformer substations at Kalianyar Feeder are designated for the Mojokendil Feeder. Based on the analysis after reconfiguration, it was found that the load decreased by 87,81 A on the New Kalianyar Feeder; 121,21 A on the New Warujayeng Feeder, and there is 110,9 A on the Mojokendil Feeder. The voltage drop precentage was decerased by 2,278% in the New Kalianyar Feeder, in the New Warujayeng Feeder is 2,32%, and also in Mojokendil Feeder 2,87%. So, this additional feeder is very effective in improving network performance |
399,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Chi Square and Support Vector Machine with Recursive Feature Elimination for Gene Expression Data Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Gene expression, Cancer, DNA, Colon, Support vector machine classification. Abstract: As a result of the rapid evolution of microarray technology, plenty of statistical research that aims to detect the various expressed genes has been raised. Many studies were conducted on DNA microarray data. At present, there are several methods used in analyzing DNA microarray to help in dealing with various related research. Microarray generates large and complex data with high dimensionality issues. Thereby, the curse of dimensionality may reduce the effectiveness and performance of classifications and increase computational complexity. Therefore, feature selection techniques work to solve dimensionality issues by choosing informative genes. In this study, we proposed a new combination of feature selection methods called ChiSVMRFE based on the Chi Square Statistic and Support vector machine with Recursive Feature Elimination SVMRFE. Chi-Square used as a ranking method to calculate the weight of genes with respect to the class label, then the top ten percent of genes with the higher weights were considered as relevant and important genes. SVMRFE repeatedly train a model to discard features with the lowest weights. Finally, SVMRFE selects ten features to consider informative genes. The proposed method was applied to eleven microarray high dimensional datasets. The ChiSVMRFE worked effectively to select only ten genes that considered informative genes, also, showed improvement in the classification results compared with other methods in previous studies. |
399,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Calibration issues for projector-based 3D-scanning, and key words: Calibration, Layout, Head, Watches, Assembly systems, Speckle, Etching, Large-scale systems, Digital cameras, Medical services. Abstract: In this paper we want to introduce an approach to 3D scanning of dynamic scenes. This implementation enables the user not only to manually move a scan head over the object to scan but also to capture moving objects. Registration from scan to scan is done in real-time. The user interacts with the system and watches the scene assembling. He can immediately respond on shadings that occur due to undercuts in the scene. The chosen structured light scan method uses a primarily unknown speckle image that can be easily etched on a chrome-on-glass slide and projected using a strobe light. In the current large scale implementation we are using a standard video beamer and a standard digital camera. Miniaturization and adaptation for special purposes (i. e. medical applications) are scheduled for next year. Focus in this paper shall be laid on calibration issues regarding camera and projector. |
399,888 | Please write an abstract with title: BLPNet: An End-to-End Model Towards Voxelization Free 3D Object Detection, and key words: Feature extraction, Three-dimensional displays, Lattices, Two dimensional displays, Solid modeling, Object detection, Proposals. Abstract: Recent achievements in robotics application and autonomous navigation are accomplished through the fast progress in point cloud 3D object detection models. Many of the current single staged 3D object detection models rely heavily on the voxelization and PointNet based method for feature extraction. Although it provides an efficient way to process point cloud data, its lack of spatial and geometric relationships on both voxel and point level limited the detection accuracy of models. In this paper, we focus on these limitations of the voxelization based object detection pipeline and proposed a single-stage non-voxelization 3D object detection framework. This framework utilizes the bilateral convolution layer, region-based feature clustering and lattice to feature map layer to address the lack of spatial, and geometric relationships in both voxel and point level, which further improves 3D object detection accuracy on the KITTI dataset. Our method achieved 75.63 mAP in moderate difficulty and outperformed many influential object detection models on the KITTI benchmark leaderboard. Contribution-We proposed a voxelization free single-stage model to achieve a desirable performance on the 3D object detection task. |
399,889 | Please write an abstract with title: A Survey of Antenna Miniaturization Technology Based on the New Mechanism of Acoustic Excitation, and key words: Antennas, Acoustic waves, Magnetoacoustic effects, Magnetic resonance, Magnetic domains, Magnetostriction, Dipole antennas. Abstract: Antenna miniaturization technologies have always been the focus of antenna research. In recent years, mechanical antennas whose size does not depend on the electromagnetic (EM) wavelength have attracted researchers’ attention. Acoustically excited antennas (AEAs), as a kind of mechanical antenna, can achieve reciprocal transmission and reception. AEAs utilize internal charge and magnetization oscillations of piezoelectric materials and magnetoelectric (ME) composite materials, respectively, to radiate EM waves, which enables the size of the antenna to be related to the wavelength of the acoustic wave, reducing the size of the antenna by 4–5 orders of magnitude over conventional antennas. Additionally, it is expected to achieve breakthrough application changes in the fields of mobile low-frequency antennas, portable shortwave antennas, and chip-based microwave antennas. In this article, the theory of AEAs is summarized and different modeling and measurement studies of AEAs are described in detail. Finally, the challenges of AEAs research are elaborated and future research on AEAs is prospected. |
399,890 | Please write an abstract with title: An Estimation Method of Defect Types Using Artificial Neural Networks and Fault Detection Information, and key words: fault diagnosis, universal logical fault model, multi-cycle capture testing, artificial neural networks, estimation of defect types. Abstract: Fault diagnosis methods for specific fault models might cause misprediction or sometimes cannot provide any solution. Therefore, a fault diagnosis method based on a single universal logical fault model has been proposed, which utilizes multi-cycle capture test sets for scan-designed circuits. Although it has been reported that this method can accurately estimate locations of faults, this method still has problems on the number of suspected faulty lines as well as incapability of specifying defect types. In this paper, targeting fault locations diagnosed under the single universal logical fault model, we propose an estimation method of defect types using artificial neural networks. In the proposed method, the features corresponding to the major logical fault models (i.e., stuck-at fault, dominant bridging fault, open fault, and gate-exhaustive fault) are calculated from the fault diagnosis results for a single universal logical fault model and the logic simulation results. Defect types are estimated from the calculated features by using an artificial neural network. Experimental results for benchmark circuits showed that the proposed method achieved the accuracy more than 95%. |
399,891 | Please write an abstract with title: A Steering Stability Control for A Three-Wheeled Autonomus Electric Vehicle, and key words: Wireless communication, PI control, Brushless DC motors, Steering systems, Wheels, Transfer functions, Electric vehicles. Abstract: One of the essential systems in operating a vehicle is a steering system. This paper tells about the design of a steering system for an electric vehicle that runs with three wheels. The steering system employs a Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor coupled with consecutively connected gears. Establishing the steering system to perform precise directions while the motor is driving is critical; therefore, an automatic control mechanism must be developed to manage the direction stability. The PID algorithm is applied to perform the steering stability control in this research with the help of the controlling tuning method performed by the Ziegler-Nichols II. The results showed that this method can achieve a precise position on the steering wheel deflection. Furthermore, this method is promising to support autonomous capability in the vehicle. |
399,892 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of electrostatic resonators with monocrystalline 3C-SiC grown on silicon, and key words: Fabrication, Electrostatics, Silicon carbide, Residual stresses, Micromachining, Bridges, Testing, Resonance, Resonant frequency, Q factor. Abstract: The development of high quality 3C-SiC layers on Si free of residual stress opens the possibility to use SiC for microsystems fabrication and to combine them with Si devices for sensor applications. A new front-side micromachining process technology for 3C-SiC layers on Si resonators has been developed. To show it feasibility several resonator cantilever or bridge test structures of various dimensions have been fabricated. The main advantage of SiC in comparison with Si lies on its higher Young's modulus (almost three times higher), which results in higher resonance frequencies and higher quality factors |
399,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Got Ice? - A Statistical Approach to Marking Sea Ice and Atmospheric Conditions with a Low-Powered Imaging Sonar, and key words: Sonar, Sea surface, Surface treatment, Ice, Acoustics, Arctic, Nose. Abstract: The Arctic is an increasingly important region in the world and draws interest from the scientific community, the commercial sector, and many of the world's militaries. Autonomous underwater gliders (AUGs) are a promising platform for operations in the Arctic. When outfitted with a low-power imaging sonar and designed to analyze acoustic data in a statistical manner and in the frequency domain, AUGs can measure ice thickness distribution and other oceanographic properties in the marginal ice zone. In the proposed configuration, the sonar is mounted coaxially within the AUG's nose cone and scans the surface in configurable-sized sweeps. The on-board processor extracts the range to the surface from the raw acoustic data and compares those values to the depth registered from a pressure sensor on board to quantify the keel depth of ocean ice. Initial testing in indoor tanks indicates that surface displacements on the order of 2-3 centimeters are detectable in both calm and energetic sea states by signal averaging multiple scans. Testing in a coastal environment demonstrated the sonar's ability to determine the characteristic frequencies of ocean waves, the direction of a wave front, and detect the presence of a thin ice proxy. This was accomplished by transforming the time series data of the range to the surface to the frequency domain and analyzing the power spectral density. Depending on the direction of the sonar scanning relative to the direction of the wave front, the apparent frequencies will differ because of the Doppler effect. Based on the frequency dampening of the wind-generated waves detected by the sonar, a qualitative characterization of the surface can be made (thin ice or open water). The statistical analysis of sonar data in the frequency domain shows great promise in helping underwater vehicles navigate under-ice for extended periods of time by improving their observational capabilities as well as increasing their survivability. |
399,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of the trap states in quenched and annealed nylon 6 films using thermally stimulated depolarization current, and key words: Annealing, Thermal quenching, Polymers, Temperature distribution, Crystallization, Space charge, X-ray diffraction, Polarization, Materials science and technology, Physics. Abstract: Quenched and annealed nylon 6 films were prepared and their short-circuit thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) has been measured using a modified thermal electric analyzer. The space charge peak in the temperature range of 90/spl deg/C/spl sim/180/spl deg/C observed in the TSDC spectra of different samples showed that the trap state of the films shifted to lower temperature as annealing time increased. In general, the trap state became shallower in the annealed sample. The result was consistent with the structural transition of quenched /spl beta/ form to annealed /spl alpha/ form. FTIR spectrum and X-ray diffraction were also used to examine the transition. According to the analysis of the phase transition, structural origin of the TSDC peaks has been proposed. |
399,895 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Maintenance Efficiency Optimization for the Catenary System of Electrified Railways, and key words: Asia, Optimization methods, Prototypes, Maintenance engineering, Rail transportation, Resource management, Task analysis. Abstract: Traditional preventive maintenance schemes for catenary systems of electrified railways are mainly formulated by on-site managers with reference to previous maintenance records and experience. With the increase of the maintenance workload of catenary systems, traditional maintenance schemes have been unable to meet the highly efficient requirements for on-site maintenance strategies. In view of this, a maintenance efficiency optimization method is proposed. According to the sequence of maintenance work of catenary systems, the workflow model of catenary maintenance work is established. Then, by taking the maintenance resources as constraints and the shortest completion time of maintenance tasks as the optimization objective, the optimal allocation model of catenary system maintenance resources is established. Finally, the differential evolution algorithm is used to obtain the optimal maintenance scheme. Based on the field data of a railway bureau in China, the maintenance scheme of the catenary systems is optimized. The results show that this method can greatly improve the maintenance efficiency of the catenary systems compared with the on-site maintenance scheme, and can provide decision support for the formulation of the catenary system maintenance scheme. |
399,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Use of electricity in development of the resources of the union, and key words: Iron, Coal, Steel, Agriculture, Agricultural machinery, Telephone sets, Steel industry. Abstract: (Member): Before I give my few remarks on this subject, I should like to congratulate, Mr. President, and you, gentlemen, on the extraordinary success of your Institute. I remember when I came here ten years ago yon were starting in quite a very small way, and the result, as your President has told you to-night, 450 members and still growing, and with the knowledge you are going into a new building, a combined organisation of other Societies, seems to me to make for the entire success of the S.A. Institute of Electrical Engineers. |
399,897 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Titanium-based Microbolometers in Terahertz Time-Domain Spectrometers, and key words: Spectroscopy, Dipole antennas, Optical recording, Instruments, Time-domain analysis, Monitoring. Abstract: Titanium-based antenna coupled microbolometers (Ti-μbolometers) were applied for a spatial mode control of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) systems. The response spectra of Ti-μbolometers with three different antenna designs – narrow-band dipole antenna for 0.3 THz, 0.7 THz and a log-periodic antenna for a wide-band detection – were investigated. The spatial profiles of focused and unfocused beams were recorded. It was shown that the Ti-μbolometers can serve as useful instruments in optical alignment and monitoring of spatial mode features in THz-TDS system. |
399,898 | Please write an abstract with title: A PV-Battery System Integrated to Weak Distribution Grid with PV Intermittency Smoothening and Feed-in Tariff Operation with Improved Power Quality, and key words: Economics, Systems operation, Power quality, Nonlinear distortion, Tariffs, Batteries, Standards. Abstract: This paper presents a battery integrated photovoltaic (PV) system, which maintains grid interconnection at adverse grid conditions. Additionally, the grid power quality is enhanced, and balanced grid currents are achieved under grid voltage distortions, unbalanced grid voltages, and unbalanced load currents. This system utilizes the BES (Battery Energy Storage) to eliminate the intermittencies in the grid power at the variations in PV array power and local loads connected at point of interconnection (POI). The DC-DC boost converter ensures the optimum PV array power utilization. A bi-directional DC-DC converter (BDC) is suitably controlled for the BES charging and discharging. The injected grid power regulated by the BES-PV system, is a function of the prevailing feed-in tariffs, thereby ensuring greater economic benefits, and helps flatten the demand side power curve. This is achieved by proper use of BES. Performance of the BES-PV system at various operating situations, is evaluated in detail. |
399,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of the CRONE-1 and FOPID Controllers for Steam Temperature Control of the Essential Oil Extraction Process, and key words: Temperature distribution, Uncertainty, System dynamics, Oils, Simulation, Process control, Stability analysis. Abstract: This paper presents a study on temperature control of steam temperature using steam distillation plant for essential oils extraction process. The steam temperature was controlled in a certain range to preserve the quality of essential oils. However, this study is focusing on evaluating the effect of parameter change in the process while maintaining the desired temperature. Two controllers were proposed in this study which are the First generation of CRONE (CRONE-1) and Fractional order PID using FOMCON (FOPID-FOMCON) controllers. Both controllers are robust because they inherit the iso-damping property from the fractional-order terms. Evaluations and comparison of both controllers were done by simulation where the time constant will be varied within 10%. |
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