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399,700 | Please write an abstract with title: On Aggregating Salaries of Occupations From Job Post and Review Data, and key words: Remuneration, Companies, Data models, Predictive models, Computational modeling, Software, Social networking (online). Abstract: The popularity of job websites has significantly changed the way people learn about different occupations. Among the insights offered by these websites are the statistics of occupation salaries which are useful information for job seekers, career coaches, graduating students, and labor related government agencies. Such statistics include the distribution of job salaries of each occupation, such as average or quantiles. However, significant variability in salary (and review salary) can be found among jobs of the same occupation as we gather job post and review data from job websites. Such variability shows the existence of biases, including salary competitiveness in job posts and salary inflation in job reviews. Based on the observation, we aim at developing an approach to derive occupation salary for a job market, named unbiased salary, by aggregating offer salaries from job posts and review salaries from review data and at the same time removing their biases. To achieve this goal, we proposed COC-model to learn unbiased salaries of occupations, competitiveness of companies and inflation of companies efficiently. COC here is an abbreviation of “Company, Occupation, Company”, which represents two different connections between companies and occupations from job posting site and job review site. COC-model represents the dependency of salary information between companies and occupations in job post data and job review data. It begins with defining three latent variables, say competitiveness, inflation, and unbiased salary, based on their dependencies. Instead of computing these variables iteratively, we formulate the interaction among these three latent variables into a matrix form so that these values could be then efficiently learned in a unified way by a series of matrix operations. Extensive experiments are conducted, including empirical studies about competitiveness and inflation of companies using real dataset and performance testing by synthetic dataset. The experimental results show that COC-model can not only derive unbiased salaries effectively but also help us to understand latent biases in job post and job review data. |
399,701 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Healing First-Order Distributed Optimization, and key words: Conferences, Cost function, Stability analysis, Convex functions, Convergence. Abstract: We describe a parameterized family of first-order distributed optimization algorithms that enable a network of agents to collaboratively calculate a decision variable that minimizes the sum of cost functions at each agent. These algorithms are self-healing in that their convergence to the correct optimizer can be guaranteed even if they are initialized randomly, agents join or leave the network, or local cost functions change. We also present simulation evidence that our algorithms are self-healing in the case of dropped communication packets. Our algorithms are the first single-Laplacian methods for distributed convex optimization to exhibit all of these characteristics. We achieve self-healing by sacrificing internal stability, a fundamental trade-off for single-Laplacian methods. |
399,702 | Please write an abstract with title: A high frequency, low jitter auto-calibration phase-locked loop with built-in-self-test, and key words: Frequency, Jitter, Phase locked loops, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Synthesizers, Circuits, Phase measurement, Voltage control, Bluetooth, Digital control. Abstract: A phase-lock loop circuit which reacts to measured jitter by adjusting the VCO input control voltage is described. This self-calibration process alters the VCO response in order to lower the jitter in its 2.4 GHz output for Bluetooth application. As this adjustment takes place, it intrinsically adjusts the VCO output towards the desired operating frequency. The programmable synthesizer has a digitally controlled VCO that provides wide tuning range of 710 MHz. The auto-calibration technique adjusts the manufacture and process variation. The synthesizer, designed in TSMC 0.18-/spl mu/m technology, has an edge jitter standard deviation of 0.86-ps having a 20% improvement over PLL with no self-calibration. |
399,703 | Please write an abstract with title: PSO and Kalman Filter-Based Node Motion Prediction for Data Collection from Ocean Wireless Sensors Network with UAV, and key words: Energy consumption, Wireless sensor networks, Uncertainty, Tracking, Sea measurements, Data collection, Unmanned aerial vehicles. Abstract: In this paper, we consider a wireless sensor network of nodes at the sea surface drifting due to wind and sea currents. In our scenario an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) will be used to gather data from the sensor nodes. The goal is to find a flyable path which is optimal in terms of sensor node energy consumption, total channel throughput between the UAV and sensor nodes, flight time for the UAV and frequency of the node visits by the UAV. Finally, the path should also be optimal concerning node position estimation uncertainty. A Kalman Filter (KF) is used to estimate the nodes motions and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is the method used to calculate the UAV path taking all of these objectives into account. The proposed node tracking aware path planning solution is compared to two other scenarios: One where the path planning is based on full knowledge of the node positions at all times, and one where path planning is based on the last known positions of the nodes. |
399,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Eigenvalue sensitivity of some transfer function realizations, and key words: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Transfer functions, Vectors, Equations, Damping, Calculus, Control systems, Matrices. Abstract: In this correspondence the eigenvalue sensitivities of the following transfer function realizations are calculated: controllable canonical form, observable canonical form, Jordan canonical form, and a particular realization for complex eigenvalues. From these results it is shown that the controllable and observable canonical forms may be less sensitive than the Jordan canonical form and the realization for complex eigenvalues. The general formulas are applied to second-order systems with complex eigenvalues. |
399,705 | Please write an abstract with title: HAT-DRL: Hotspot-Aware Task Mapping for Lifetime Improvement of Multicore System using Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Multicore processing, Reinforcement learning, System-on-chip, Reliability, Task analysis. Abstract: In this work, we propose a novel learning-based task to core mapping technique to improve lifetime and reliability based on advanced deep reinforcement learning. The new method, called HAT-DRL, is based on the observation that on-chip temperature sensors may not capture the true hotspots of the chip, which can lead to suboptimal control decisions. In the new method, we first perform data-driven learning to model the hotspot activation indicator with respect to the resource utilization of different workloads. On top of this, we propose to employ deep reinforcement learning algorithm to improve the long-term reliability and minimize the performance degradation from NBTI/HCI effects. It penalizes continuously stressing the same hotspots and encourages even stressing of cores. The proposed algorithm is validated with an Intel i7-8650U four-core CPU platform executing CPU benchmarks for various hotspot activation profiles. Results show that HAT- DRL balances the stress between all cores and hotspots, and achieves 50% and 160% longer lifetime compared to non-hotspot-aware and Linux default scheduling respectively. The proposed method can also reduce the average temperature by exploiting the true-hotspot information. |
399,706 | Please write an abstract with title: Contention-free periodic message scheduler medium access control in wireless sensor/actuator networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Media Access Protocol, Intelligent networks, Actuators, Sensor systems, Real time systems. Abstract: This paper presents a time division multiple access medium access control protocol for wireless sensor/actuator networks implemented with a contention-free message scheduler. A message scheduler is used to determine which message has access to the medium at any time. A set of messages is contention-free if only one message is ready at a time. Otherwise, some other criterion such as priority must be used to resolve contention. In this case, the message scheduler at each node in the network must schedule all messages in order to resolve contention. If the schedule is contention-free however, then each node only schedules the messages that interest it. The key contribution of our contention-free scheduler protocol is scalability. Large wireless sensor/actuator networks may contain hundreds of nodes exchanging thousands of messages. Due to resource constraints it is infeasible that each node schedule every message. Our protocol scales by optimizing each node to schedule only the messages it is interested in. |
399,707 | Please write an abstract with title: The study of high voltage shunt reactor protection of series compensated line, and key words: Voltage, Shunt (electrical), Inductors, Impedance, Protective relaying, Power system protection, Capacitors, Power transformers, Power transmission lines, Transmission line theory. Abstract: China state power south company QingYan-Hechi EHV line is equipped with series compensated capacitor, generally, the 500 kV substation adopts 3/2 connection mode, so the CVT is often installed on the line instead of the bus-bar. For the series compensated line, it means the bus-bar voltages cannot be used in the protection of shunt reactor. Aiming at this problem, this paper analyses the effect and gives the solution. |
399,708 | Please write an abstract with title: Visual Breakpoint Debugging for Sum and Product Formulae, and key words: Visualization, Prototypes, Debugging, Inspection, Task analysis, Software debugging. Abstract: Software debugging is one of the most time consuming source code related tasks. Hence, we propose a novel approach to breakpoint debugging for formula code, i.e. source code implementing mathematical formulae. In this work, the focus is on source code which computes a numerical value via arithmetic operations as well as sum- and product formulae. We introduce and discuss breakpoints placed on an automatically inferred mathematical representation, i.e. in a common mathematical notation or by a mixed form of source code artifacts and maths symbols. Furthermore, we present visual debugging features aiming to facilitate the dynamic inspection of the formula code leveraging the mathematical representation. We briefly present a first prototype implementation of our formula debugging approach and indicate future directions of our work. |
399,709 | Please write an abstract with title: FabSoften: Face Beautification via Dynamic Skin Smoothing, Guided Feathering, and Texture Restoration, and key words: Skin, Face, Smoothing methods, Softening, Hair, Facial features, Image restoration. Abstract: Face retouching is a widespread application in modern smartphone cameras with its high business value evidenced by its broad user base. We propose a real-time face softening approach that smooths blemishes in the facial skin region, followed by a wavelet band manipulation to restore the underlying skin texture, which produces a highly appealing `beautified' face that retains its natural appearance. Softening is carried out by an attribute-aware dynamic smoothing filter that is guided by facial attributes, including the number of blemishes and coarseness of facial skin texture. The proposed solution is robust to wide variations in lighting conditions, skin nonuniformities, blemishes, the presence of facial accessories, and delicate hair-like regions. The method includes an explicit facial hair preservation module to preserve their delicate texture while smoothing blemishes. We perform a qualitative comparison of our proposed face softening approach with numerous state-of-the-art techniques and commercial products. We demonstrate the power of our method in producing beautified faces at a minimal performance cost, which enables smooth execution on low-power devices like smartphones. |
399,710 | Please write an abstract with title: An electronic wattmeter for nonsinusoidal low power factor power measurements, and key words: Wattmeters, Reactive power, Power measurement, Attenuators, Resistors, Voltage, Testing, Feedback circuits, Capacitors, Operational amplifiers. Abstract: The development of an electronic wattmeter for use in power circuits with very low power factors and nonsinusoidal waveforms is reported. The wattmeter is constructed of commercially available components which include a high-accuracy electronic multiplier and appropriate amplifying, averaging, and compensating circuitry. It is a portable laboratory instrument with provisions for direct reading of both instantaneous and average power. A thermal standard has been used to calibrate the wattmeter over a wide range of current pulse magnitudes and pulsewidths and at power factors down to 0.01. Several applications of power measurements in typical solid-state power controller circuits are discussed. |
399,711 | Please write an abstract with title: Heating of hollow photonic Bragg fibers from field propagation, coupling, and bending, and key words: Heating, Optical fiber polarization, Mirrors, Absorption, Fiber lasers, Jacobian matrices, Dielectric materials, Optical materials, Laser modes, Optical coupling. Abstract: We investigate heating from field propagation, coupling, and bending, which are the potential failure mechanisms for an emerging new type of high-power radiation guides-hollow photonic Bragg fibers. Continuous wave (CW) and pulsed radiation sources are considered, assuming continuous operation of the laser source. |
399,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Electronics and Motor Drives - Technology Advances, Trends and Applications, and key words: Power electronics, Motor drives, Electronics industry, Power semiconductor devices, Circuit topology, Artificial intelligence, Aerospace industry, Defense industry, Electrical equipment industry, Renewable energy resources. Abstract: The technology of power electronics and motor drives has gone through dynamic evolution in the recent years due to many innovations in power semiconductor devices, converter topologies, analytical and simulation techniques, machines, drives, and control techniques. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms are now extending its frontier and bringing new challenge to power electronic engineers. As the technology is advancing, the applications of power electronics are proliferating in industrial, commercial, residential, aerospace, military, transportation and utility systems. Power electronics is destined to play key role in global industrialization and energy conservation trends of the 21st century. In the environmentally clean renewable energy systems, such as wind, PV and fuel cells, the role of power electronics is significant. Power electronics is helping efficient energy utilization in the ever-increasing energy demand of the world, and thus conserving our dwindling fossil fuel energy reserve and helping environmental pollution control. The importance of power electronics will be similar to information technology that is currently causing revolution in our society. The half-day advanced and state-of-the-art tutorial is designed to give a comprehensive overview and recent advances of power electronics and motor drives with emphasis on industrial applications. Starting with historical evolution, importance and energy saving aspects of the technology, the tutorial will review advances and trends on power semiconductor devices, converter topologies, machine drives and control. The application features in renewable energy systems (wind, PV and fuel cells) will be covered. |
399,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Remote RF powering system for wireless MEMS strain sensors, and key words: Radio frequency, Wireless sensor networks, Micromechanical devices, Capacitive sensors, Sensor systems, Power system reliability, CMOS process, Mechanical sensors, Electricity supply industry, Microelectromechanical systems. Abstract: A reliable remote radio frequency (RF) powering system is developed for industrial wireless microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) strain-sensing applications. The prototype system is insensitive to mechanical rotation and produces a stable DC voltage of 2.8 V with a 2-mA current supply capability from a 50-MHz RF power source with a power conversion efficiency of 11%. An improved efficiency can be expected with an optimized power transmitter design. The CMOS power converter electronics are fabricated in a 1.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process occupying an area of approximately 1 /spl times/1 mm. The achieved DC power is adequate for supplying a high-performance wireless MEMS strain-sensing system. |
399,714 | Please write an abstract with title: NeoMPX: Characterizing and Improving Estimation of Multiplexing Hardware Counters for PAPI, and key words: Multiplexing, Estimation error, Program processors, Benchmark testing, Tools, Hardware, Libraries. Abstract: Modern processors provide hundreds of low-level hardware events (such as cache miss rate), but offer only a small number (usually 6-12) of hardware counters to collect these events due to limited register resource. Multiplexing (MPX) is an estimation-based technique designed to collect hardware events simultaneously with few hardware counters. However, the low-accuracy of existing MPX methods prevents this technique from wide usage in real conditions. To obtain accurate and reliable hardware counter values, we conducted this work in three steps: 1) to explore the root cause of inaccuracy, we characterized the estimation errors of MPX, and found that estimation errors arise from the outliers in PAPI; 2) to eliminate these outliers and improve MPX accuracy, we proposed two non-linear growth rate gradient estimation methods: divided curved-area method (DCAM) and curved-area method (CAM); 3) based on these two methods, we developed a new MPX library for PAPI, NeoMPX. We evaluated NeoMPX with six Rodinia benchmarks on four mainstream x86 and ARM server processors, and compared the results with PAPI default MPX and two other state-of-art MPX methods, DIRA, and TAM. Evaluations show that, for collecting 16 evaluated hardware events, our methods can improve up to 59% accuracy than PAPI default MPX, and achieve 36% and 5% higher accuracy than DIRA and TAM, respectively. We have open-sourced NeoMPX and expect it to enable PAPI MPX for practical usage. |
399,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel compact EBG waveguide resonators in planar form, and key words: Planar waveguides, Electromagnetic waveguides, Periodic structures, Metamaterials, Dielectrics, Rectangular waveguides, Surface waves, Resonant frequency, Q factor, Electromagnetic scattering. Abstract: A novel compact waveguide resonator in planar form with EBG is presented in this paper. Dielectric-filled rectangular waveguide is fitted with periodical arrays of metal plates at its top and bottom surfaces. Periodic resonators are designed and simulated with a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz. Proposed structures are compact and perform a higher Q factor than their conventional waveguide planar counterparts. This is achieved by alternation of electromagnetic properties of the waveguide. A novel compact EBG-substrate bandpass filter in planar form demonstrates feasibility of the proposed resonators. |
399,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Gain and polaron absorption in electrically pumped single-layer organic laser diodes, and key words: Absorption, Laser excitation, Diode lasers, Excitons, Stimulated emission, Organic light emitting diodes, Charge carrier processes, Electron mobility, Pump lasers, Semiconductor lasers. Abstract: In this article, a model to calculate the modal gain in organic laser diode structures is presented. A single layer design is considered, to investigate the dependence of the gain on electron mobility and the thickness of the active layer. We show that unequal charge carrier mobilities are detrimental and that there is an optimum active layer thickness of d/spl ap/200 nm, when different devices are compared on the basis of power density. The calculated gain is 0.7/cm for a power density of P=50 kW/cm/sup 2/, neglecting all losses. Furthermore, the influence of absorption by polarons is quantified. We show that the cross section for this process has to be less than 4% of the cross section for stimulated emission in order to achieve net gain. |
399,717 | Please write an abstract with title: A new DOA estimation algorithm based on angle search through the difference between the principal singular values, and key words: Direction of arrival estimation, Covariance matrix, Signal processing algorithms, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Testing, Additive noise, Adaptive arrays, Adaptive signal processing, Array signal processing. Abstract: This work proposes a new DOA estimation algorithm based upon the difference between the singular values of the estimated spatial covariance matrix. The proposed method presented competitive RMSE performance when compared to MODEX and Root-MUSIC. Specifically under low SNR values, for near angles and correlated signals, the new method performed better. |
399,718 | Please write an abstract with title: Pulse discrimination between recoil protons and secondary electrons for a silicon diode based neutron spectrometer, and key words: Protons, Electrons, Silicon, Neutrons, Spectroscopy, P-i-n diodes, Ionization, Detectors, Noise generators, Polyethylene. Abstract: The feasibility of the discrimination between protons and secondary electrons was investigated in order to decrease the lower limit of a recoil-proton spectrometer for neutrons based on a silicon p-i-n diode. The simulation of the ionization generated in the detector by protons and electrons and the simulation of the relevant induced currents show that such discrimination is feasible provided that the "rear side injection" configuration and a low noise setup are adopted. The difference between the collecting times of the two pulses is maximized and used for the rising time based discrimination. The neutron spectrometer consists of a 3 mm/sup 2/ area, 300 /spl mu/m-thick silicon p-i-n diode covered with a polyethylene foil on the n-side. The ENC is 720 rms electrons at 20 ns shaping time. Experimental results on monoenergetic neutrons show the effectiveness of this discrimination in decreasing the lower limit of the recoil proton energy spectrum from 1.1 to 0.6 MeV. |
399,719 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Classification of Rubber Wood Boards Using an SSR-Based CNN, and key words: Rubber, Image color analysis, Feature extraction, Real-time systems, Machine learning, Image resolution, Cameras. Abstract: The classification of wood types plays an important role in many fields, especially in construction industry and furniture manufacturing. In order to manufacture rubber wood furniture with highly uniform color and texture, wood boards of different colors and textures should be classified elaborately. Many traditional methods have been applied in wood classification relying on extracting features using handcrafted descriptors designed by experienced experts, but it is not easy to construct robust features in various conditions. In this article, we present a split-shuffle-residual (SSR)-based CNN that can learn features automatically from wood images for real-time classification of rubber wood boards. Specifically, we introduce an SSR module that combines channel split and shuffle operations with residual structure to reduce the computation cost while maintaining high classification accuracy. In each module, the input is split into two low-dimensional branches, and the channel shuffle operation is used to enable the information communication between the input and the two separated branches, which is regarded as the feature reuse that enlarges network capacity without increasing complexity. The comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms other traditional classification methods and the state-of-the-art deep learning classification networks, yielding an accuracy of 94.86%. Furthermore, the analysis of running time indicates that the SSR-based CNN can be employed for wood classification in real time, which takes only 26.55 ms to handle a single image. |
399,720 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of tariff on dial-up internet traffic: Modelling the subscriber response as a dynamic system, and key words: Tariffs, Internet, Modems, ISDN, Solid modeling, Business, Dynamical systems. Abstract: This paper contributes by providing a linear differential equation which captures the response of residential dial-up subscribers to a tariff function. South African data was gathered on residential subscribers who were making use of cheaper off-peak rates for dial-up Internet service outside business hours. Traffic intensity was found to be heavily dependent on the call tariff, with the steepest increase in traffic occurring at the time of rate changeover. It was also unexpectedly found that the traffic intensity dropped off exponentially as subscribers completed their tasks. The subscribers' response to a tariff change was then treated as a dynamic system, with input x(t) being the excitation function, representing the tariff imposed by the single network operator, and an output y(t), to represent the function of the traffic resulting from the imposed tariff. The response to the sudden tariff decrease was thus captured in a linear differential equation. Using the equation, the subscribers' response to a set of interesting tariff scenarios has been predicted. As a result, recommendations for superior tariffing are made. |
399,721 | Please write an abstract with title: On superresolution effects in maximum likelihood adaptive antenna arrays, and key words: Adaptive arrays, Antenna arrays, Spatial resolution, Linear antenna arrays, Signal resolution, Power generation, Receiving antennas, Directive antennas, Performance analysis, Computer simulation. Abstract: The superresolution performance of maximum likelihood (Frost) adaptive antennas is analyzed. Assunming that the adaptive weights have had enough time to converge to the optimal (Wiener) solution, the beampattern and spatial resolution of the array are computed. Simple expressions are derived which allow close-approximation computations of converged adaptive beampatterns using only scalar operations. The analysis applies to narrow-band line-array adaptive beamformers. Computer simulations are presented to verify the excellent match between theoretical and measured beampatterns for small angle deviations from the look direction. |
399,722 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory optimization of high-speed kinetic energy anti-tank missile with pulse correction, and key words: Missiles, Energy consumption, Analytical models, Simulation, Force, Lead, Mathematical models. Abstract: High speed kinetic energy antitank missile is an important development direction of antitank weapons in the future. Aiming at the high-speed kinetic energy antitank missile system with pulse correction engine as actuator and three-point guidance scheme, a trajectory optimization method in the lead-in phase is designed, which can be applied in engineering. Firstly, the principle and mathematical model of the pulse correction high-speed kinetic energy antitank missile system are described in detail. Then, the trajectory optimization scheme of the pulse correction high-speed kinetic energy missile in the lead-in phase is described, and the trajectory optimization model is established. Then, taking a certain type of high-speed kinetic energy missile as an example, the trajectory optimization scheme of the lead-in phase is verified and analyzed by mathematical simulation. The real results show that the designed trajectory optimization algorithm can effectively reduce the pulse energy consumption in the lead-in phase. |
399,723 | Please write an abstract with title: The Implementation of a Multi-Channel Interferential Current Electrical Stimulation System, and key words: Electrical stimulation, Biomedical engineering, Read only memory, Printed circuits, Microprocessors, Power amplifiers, Virtual reality, Frequency, Engineering in medicine and biology, Signal generators. Abstract: In this paper, we developed a signal generation method which can be used in the interferential current electrical stimulating device. A low-cost, 8-bit microcontroller and a very compact algorithm were adopted here to generate the sine wave. Using the method, we can easily modify the frequency and phase difference between two channels with high resolution. The preliminary experiment shows that this method can reduce the circuit complexity and improve the signal stability |
399,724 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing Augmented Reality Book for Improving Practical Skill in Scout Education Course, and key words: Analytical models, Technological innovation, Educational courses, Product development, Augmented reality. Abstract: It is important to look at the element of skill in scout learning. This research aims to produce scout teaching books with the help of augmented reality that can improve students' practical skills in scouting education subjects. This research used ADDIE model development research. This research is aimed at elementary school teacher education students in general who take scouting education courses. Based on the results of the analysis obtained the results of expert validation tests of 90.31 % which belong to the category is very valid. Therefore, related to these results, this book can be used for scouting education learning by improving the practical skills of elementary school teacher education students |
399,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Deep Learning Methods, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Retinopathy, Image color analysis, Angiography, Tomography, Retina. Abstract: Diabetes mellitus causes diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is the primary source of blindness worldwide. Initial identification and cure are required to postpone or avert visual degradation and loss. In this regard, various artificial-intelligence-powered approaches for detecting and classifying diabetic retinopathy on fundus retina pictures have been proposed by the scientific community. This paper will mostly examine existing early DR diagnostic tools to determine their merits and drawbacks. Although pictures from fluorescein angiography, colour fundus medical images or visual lucidity tomography angiography are used for early diagnosis. Only colour fundus medical images are included in this study. It is possible to categorise the early DR detection methods described in this paper as either classical image processing, traditional machine learning, or deep learning. The issues that must be addressed in creating such efficient, effective and resilient methods for initial detection of DR systems are discussed in length in this study, as is the substantial opportunity for future research in this field. |
399,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Risk Assessment of Cascading Failures Considering Photovoltaic Power Uncertainty and Frequency Modulation under Extreme Weather Events, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy sources, Frequency modulation, Uncertainty, Storms, Power system protection, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: Extreme weather events are prone to cause cascading failure of power systems with renewable sources. This paper proposes a risk assessment method for power systems with renewable sources under extreme sand storm due to windstorm. First, the impact of sand storm on the output of photovoltaic is quantified. An improved probabilistic load flow model considering the frequency modulation was discussed. Then risk assessment method based on the improved probabilistic load flow is proposed to assess the risk of cascading failure. Finally, the proposed method is tested in an IEEE 39 bus system. Results indicate that the proposed method can effectively assess the risk of power systems with renewable sources under sand storm. |
399,727 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on digitizing processing of the terracotta warriors and horses of the Qin dynasty, and key words: Horses, Solid modeling, Graphics. Abstract: Terracotta warrior and horses of the Qin dynasty is an outstanding representative work in Chinese ancient arts and cultures. It is urgent to protect this world culture heritage by an easy, reliable and advanced technique. Digitalization is an integrated technique of advanced digitized and information processing with archaeological and culture relics. It can realize the reappearance, protection and replication of the culture relics, especially the digital reappearance and rebuilding a 3D digital museum of the archaeological settings. For the special case of terracotta warriors, we made a 3D model of a sole shooting squat terracotta warrior by using 3D digitized processing techniques. This paper specifically describes the 3D digitized acquisition and processing techniques, analyses the 3D digitalization, 3D modeling, the key problems encountered in texture mapping, and confirms the reliability and feasibility of the modeling by texture mapping. |
399,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Low cost, high power density, flux switching machines and drives for power tools, and key words: Costs, Reluctance motors, Power electronics, Stator windings, DC motors, Rotors, Power transistors, Commutation, Torque control, Electronic equipment testing. Abstract: This paper presents the results of a new flux switching motor and drive offering high power density and an extremely low cost power electronic controller. The motor contains a DC field winding and a bifilar armature winding, both on the stator with a simple and rugged salient pole reluctance rotor. The power electronic controller requires only two ground referenced power transistors. This delivers electronic commutation, high dynamic performance, speed and torque control at an extremely low cost. The design of the motor and its electronic controller is described and test results of a complete drive delivering 2 kW at 15000 r/min are presented. |
399,729 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Approach to EEG Neurofeedback via Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Neurofeedback, Electroencephalography, Reinforcement learning, Feedback loop, Visualization, Optimization, Medical treatment. Abstract: Since the invention of EEG brain scanning technology, cognitive response modeling and brain state optimization has been a topic of great interest and value. In particular, applications for improving musical therapy via neurofeedback have shown promise for brain state optimization. Here, we propose a novel Humanistically Intelligent (HI) system where brain waves are interpreted by a real-time deep reinforcement learning agent that controls an audio modulation system in order for the user to achieve a target brain state. The modulated audio is then visualized using a simulated Sequential Wave Imprinting Machine (SWIM). In our tests comparing the proposed system to a conventional neurofeedback system, we found that the proposed system consistently led to a more meditative brain state with p = 0.06. We show that the proposed system is promising for brain state optimization tasks, advancing the intelligent utilization of EEG brain scan data in Humanistically Intelligent feedback loops. |
399,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of nitrogen content and temperature on the f/sub 3 dB/ of 1.3 /spl mu/m dilute-nitride SQW lasers, and key words: Nitrogen, Temperature, Semiconductor lasers, Indium gallium arsenide, Laser modes, Bandwidth, High speed optical techniques, Waveguide lasers, Diode lasers, Lasers and electrooptics. Abstract: Above-threshold frequency response measurements carried out on strain-compensated InGaAs-and-InGaAsN lasers of identical geometry reveal a reduction in the laser relaxation frequency and damping due to the incorporation of nitrogen. Raising of temperature further decreases f/sub 3 dB/. |
399,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Building a self-adaptive content distribution network, and key words: Web server, Scalability, Web pages, Computer networks, Distributed computing, Educational institutions, Internet, Delay, Throughput, Jamming. Abstract: We propose a framework for building a self-adaptive content distribution network (CDN). Such a CDN exhibit self-adaptive behaviour at a coarse grained granularity. It is able to cope with serving heterogeneous resources under unpredictable conditions. We describe the concepts that underpin our framework and we discuss the issues that it raises. |
399,732 | Please write an abstract with title: quEASY: A tilting interface to alleviate vehicle-induced motion sickness in passengers, and key words: Performance evaluation, Visualization, Prototypes, Personal digital devices, Motion sickness, Software, Synchronization. Abstract: Motion sickness in vehicles is elevated when passengers perform visual tasks. These tasks include reading, messaging, and navigating; while the increase in the number of autonomous vehicles liberates people from driving, today’s busy lifestyles create a need for passengers to perform these tasks during their commute. quEASY is a tilting software interface that helps reduce passengers’ motion sickness while they perform tasks on their digital devices. The concept of tilting the user’s head in sync with the car’s lateral acceleration proves to be effective in reducing motion sickness. Our prototype pushes lateral acceleration values (Y-axis g-force, from an Adafruit board) to a Python application that converts the obtained data into a tilt angle incorporated into the interface. User-testing proved that the concept holds true, while it points to issues in the user adapting to the new design changes in the usage of a novel interface. While further testing is needed, quEASY has the potential to be a significant relief for those who experience motion sickness while in a moving vehicle. |
399,733 | Please write an abstract with title: A Mandarin spoken dialogue system with limited portability, and key words: Speech recognition, Natural languages, Speech analysis, Information retrieval, Error analysis, Information analysis, Databases, Speech processing, Object oriented modeling, Feedback. Abstract: In the new generation human-computer interaction technology, spoken dialog system based on content is the key issue. This paper describes the status of our spoken dialogue system for tour information retrieval - GUIDE - whose lexicon consists of 2000 words and WER is 5.7%. Different from ATIS application, tour information is wider and more relative. So we develop an object-oriented knowledge base including database and deducing rules. We also develop a modular architecture of GUIDE: by doing so, we have successfully and easily adapted GUIDE to a new similar application. |
399,734 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Framework of Hybrid Harvesting Mechanisms for Remote Sensing Devices, and key words: Radio frequency, Maximum power point trackers, Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Voltage, Solar energy, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Sensing networks have recently proven to be useful in a variety of disciplines. The use of mobile sensing robots and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is intended to lessen the burden of sensor node energy consumption. However, conserving energy in the networks remains a major concern. In this work, a design of a hybrid RF-Solar harvesting system to support sensing devices is investigated. The harvesting circuits may collect energy from both solar and radio frequency (RF) resources that are commonly available in ambient environments. This approach creates hybrid harvesting circuits for all elements in the combined sensor networks by combining RF and solar harvester circuits. The RF harvester circuit is a dual-band multi-stage harvester for the 2.4GHz Wi-Fi/WLAN spectrum. In the solo solar harvester circuit, a solar panel with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is employed. The hybrid system can offer a maximum power of up to 136.5W due to a boost current element in the charging system. Because each node has a rechargeable battery, the gathered power from the proposed circuits is used to charge all of the batteries. This strategy allows networks to run safely and continuously even when there is a scarcity of gathered electricity due to severe weather, as cloudy or rainy days. This work is both promising and practical. |
399,735 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast-Locking Electro-Optic PLL (EOPLL) with Lock-in Calibration (LIC) and Harmonic Suppression for LiDAR, and key words: Harmonics suppression, Laser radar, Europe, Bandwidth, Voltage, Harmonic analysis, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: A novel EOPLL of FMCW LiDAR is proposed to eliminate the influence of temperature, process, and voltage (PVT) on the laser. Harmonic reduction mixer (HRM) with better rejection and LIC for improved EOPLL settling time are proposed. |
399,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Prediction Model of Energy Losses in Soft Magnetic Materials Over Broadband Frequency Range, and key words: Mathematical model, Magnetic hysteresis, Soft magnetic materials, Computational modeling, Loss measurement, Eddy currents, Energy loss. Abstract: Accurately and efficiently estimating the energy losses in electrical steels over a large frequency bandwidth, particularly in the high-frequency regimes, is of great significance for the optimal design of magnetic components. However, the traditional loss models, e.g., Steinmetz equations, have intrinsic drawbacks of being empirical and thereby require large amount of measured data to identify models' coefficients. Base on the fact that the Statistical Theory of Losses (STL) provides a simple and general method for the interpretation and prediction of the energy losses in soft magnetic materials, and conventional applications of STL are limited to low-frequency range where the skin effect is negligible, a novel broadband analytical loss model is devised by introducing the fractional derivative concept into the simulation of classical eddy current loss in both low- and high-frequency domains, and proposing the energetic model to calculate the hysteresis loss component analytically under the framework of STL. Using such model, a few measured data are required, and the solving of the coupled nonlinear diffusion problem for high-frequency loss is thereby circumvented. The simulation and experimental results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. |
399,737 | Please write an abstract with title: Equilibrium Analysis in Wireless Networks Walrasian Markets: A Distributed Approach, and key words: Shape, NP-hard problem, Wireless networks, Process control, Pricing, Control systems, Steady-state. Abstract: A Walrasian Market can be modeled as a distributed system consisting a set of independent buyers and sellers. The Walrasian equilibrium theorem proves the existence of the optimal price that results in the market clean state or Walrasian Equilibrium where the sum of absolute excess demand is zero. It is proved that finding this equilibrium price is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we present an efficient distributed control-theoretic approach for finding the Walrasian equilibrium in an exchange economy. We have modeled the price adjustment process as a closed-loop control system where the sum of absolute excess demand is measured as the system error that is fed to commodity moderators in a distributed schema simultaneously, and then each commodity moderator adjusts the price of its related commodity. We devised a controller algorithm with low complexity and fast convergence that iteratively moves the error value to zero. The proposed scheme, finds the equilibrium price and Pareto efficient allocation without knowing the shape of user utility functions or their preferences. It is scalable and is usable for exchange economies with multiple goods and many types of users. |
399,738 | Please write an abstract with title: EMG Artifacts Removal from Multi-Channel EEG Signals using Multi-Channel Singular Spectrum Analysis, and key words: Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Muscles, Matrix decomposition, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Symmetric matrices, Signal processing. Abstract: The Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the brain signals which are most normally debased by Electromyogram (EMG) antiquities. The presence of these EMG antiquities covers the necessary information in an EEG signal. In this paper, we have proposed another strategy named as Multi-channel Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) in light of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to expel muscle or EMG antiquities from multi-channel EEG signals. At first, the orthogonal eigenvectors of multi-channel data are estimated by performing SVD which are acquired from the covariance matrix. Since the frequency variations of eigenvectors related to EEG signal are quite low when compared to the EMG signal, so we fix some peak frequency threshold to find out the frequencies related to EEG signal, then the frequencies related to EMG signals are suppressed and the artifact free Multi-channel EEG signal is extracted. Finally, our proposed technique is applied on a noisy sinusoidal signals to test the performance of the proposed method and then it is applied on synthetic EEG signals mixed with the EMG artifacts. Simulation results are then compared with Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to show that the proposed method eliminates EMG antiquities more adequately without amending the required data. |
399,739 | Please write an abstract with title: A 2-20 GHz, High-Gain, Monolithic HEMT Distributed Amplifier, and key words: HEMTs, Distributed amplifiers, Noise figure, Gallium arsenide, Circuit synthesis, MESFETs, Equivalent circuits, Semiconductor process modeling, MODFETs, Gain. Abstract: A low-noise 2-20 GHz monolithic distributed amplifier utilizing 0.3-micron gate-length HEMT devices has achieved 11-dB +- 0.5 dB of gain. This represents the highest gain reported for a distributed amplifier using single FET gain cells. A record low noise figure of 3 dB was achieved mid-band (7-12 GHz). The circuit design utilizes five HEMT transistors of varying width with gates fabricated by E-beam lithography. |
399,740 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating Administered Differences of Brief Jail Mental Health Screener and Impacts of Diagnoses & Treatment of Linked Inmates with Severe Mental Illness, and key words: Sociology, Mental health, History, Statistics, Bars. Abstract: The United States is the world's leading country in incarceration. American citizens constitute five percent of the global population, but 20% of the world's inmates [5]. Those suffering from mental illnesses are disproportionately affected. According to a 2017 study by the Department of Justice, 64% of inmates in local jails have a history of mental health problems, and 60% are actively experiencing symptoms [2]. To lower the number of Americans behind bars, effective mental health treatment needs to be provided to those in need within the criminal justice system. This project, supported by the Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board, is the continuation of a decade of research into the intersection between mental illness and incarceration in the Central Virginia. The primary goal was to evaluate the efficacy of the Brief Jail Mental Health Screener (BJMHS) used by the region's two jails to determine whether an inmate needs further mental health evaluation following their release. Data was obtained from both jails: the Albemarle-Charlottesville Regional Jail (ACRJ) and the Central Virginia Regional Jail (CVRJ), as well as two community programs that provide services to former inmates, Offender's Aid and Restoration (OAR) and Region Ten Community Services (R10). The BJMHS was found to predominantly identify people who had already received treatment. The screener's effectiveness was also found to vary by the location it was given and by the recipient's demographics: Females tended to make up a statistically significantly larger proportion of the screened-in population than expected, and black individuals a smaller proportion. When people took the screener multiple times at different locations (ACRJ, CVRJ, or OAR) and were changing their answers to therapeutic questions, they were more likely to acknowledge they were previously hospitalized for mental health treatment at OAR than they were at either jail. Additionally, of the cohort of inmates screening in multiple times at ACRJ, it was found that as their number of arrests increased, so did the proportion of the group that screened in and group that matched with R10. The findings of this paper will be used to improve the screener process and ideally increase its ability to correctly identify those who require mental health services. |
399,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of service-oriented IT management in practice, and key words: Project management, Information management, Technological innovation, Technology management, Best practices, Libraries, Government, Business, Standards development, Content management. Abstract: The transformation from a technology-oriented IT department to a client-focused IT service provider with a methodological structuring of internal IT processes can only be guaranteed by service-oriented IT management. In contrast to concepts such as service-oriented computing the service-oriented IT management concept concentrates especially on the management of IT services. A large number of models, methods and concepts were developed, intended to help guarantee service-oriented IT management. Especially the best practice framework ITIL (IT infrastructure library) was noticed by IT management. The ITIL framework has been enhanced continuously and has become a de facto standard under the influence of the internationally active IT service management forum. ITIL is not a process model but a description of activities, documents, roles, success factors, key performance indicators et cetera, which should be taken into account for an ideal IT management. |
399,742 | Please write an abstract with title: Water quality classification of lakes using 250-m MODIS data, and key words: Lakes, MODIS, Remote monitoring, Atmospheric modeling, Laboratories, Image resolution, Space technology, Statistical analysis, Earth Observing System, Spectroradiometers. Abstract: The traditional method used in the water quality classification of Finnish lakes includes the collection of water samples from lakes and their analysis in laboratory conditions. The classification is based on statistical analysis of water quality parameter values and on expert opinion. It is possible to acquire similar information by using radiance values measured with the Earth Observing System Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). In this letter, the classification accuracy with MODIS data is about 80%. Only about 0.2% of the 20 391 pixels were misclassified by two or more classes, as a four-class classification system is used. |
399,743 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple Capacitor Voltage Balancing for Three-Level NPC Inverter Using Discontinuous PWM Method With Hysteresis Neutral-Point Error Band, and key words: Inverters, Switches, Capacitance-voltage characteristics, Clamps, Hysteresis, Voltage control, Capacitance. Abstract: Three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) voltage source inverters are widely used in many low- and medium-power applications. However, the 3L-NPC inverter has an inheritance issue of the neutral-point (NP) voltage unbalancing due to the deviation of dc-link capacitor voltages causing distortions for the output waveform quality. Generally, discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) is used to diminish the stress on power transistors and prolong their lifespan, however; it is not capable of solving the issue of NP voltage unbalancing. Therefore, this article proposes a simple voltage balancing control based on DPWM with a hysteresis NP voltage band. The balancing control method is only activated once the capacitance voltage error exceeds the hysteresis band by generating a momentary offset on the opposite direction of the DPWM offset. In this way, both top and bottom capacitance voltages will converge within a predefined error band. Various hysteresis error bands are investigated by analyzing the power losses, total harmonic distortions, and common mode voltage. The advantages of this proposed method are its simplicity and ease of control while maintaining the features of DPWM. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using simulation and experimental results. |
399,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory Prediction Based on Roadside Millimeter Wave Radar and Video Fusion, and key words: Technological innovation, Target tracking, Radar detection, Radar, Millimeter wave radar, Radar tracking, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: In recent years, with the development of intelligent transportation system, roadside service is more and more widely used in urban road transportation system. Based on the roadside millimeter wave radar and camera, this paper obtains the motion trajectory data of vehicles close to the intersection, filters and processes the radar data, detects and tracks the video data, and then carries out data fusion to obtain more accurate trajectory data. Compared with a single sensor, the accuracy and stability of fused data are improved. In addition, the LSTM neural network is used to predict the vehicle trajectory and obtain the location information of the target vehicle passing through the intersection, so as to improve the traffic condition of the intersection. |
399,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Delay Margin for Containment Control of Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems Over Directed Graphs, and key words: Delays, Protocols, Multi-agent systems, Directed graphs, Upper bound, Topology, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: In this paper, we mainly study the delay robustness on containment control of second-order multi-agent systems with uncertain communication delays over directed graphs. Our purpose is to find the maximal delay range that can be tolerated under which the multi-agent system can maintain containment robustly. We consider a second-order multi-agent system under position and velocity feedback protocols in which each agent has two unstable real poles. We derive the exact expression of the delay margin for multi-agent system containment. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the exact delay margin, we obtain its explicit upper bound. The results show that the position of poles and the network connectivity will affect the bound of delay margin. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results. |
399,746 | Please write an abstract with title: A new low-power and area efficient RAKE receiver design without incurring performance degradation, and key words: Fading, Multipath channels, Degradation, Power generation, Multiaccess communication, Fingers, Power dissipation, Correlators, Frequency, Very large scale integration. Abstract: A new architecture for power and area efficient RAKE receivers for a third generation wireless WCDMA system is presented. The proposed approach based on parallel operations of code generators eliminates de-skew blocks of RAKE receivers and shares several blocks such that compensators, orthogonal variable spreading factor code generators and scrambling code generators are shared among all fingers, which leads to power and area reduction. When the proposed architecture is applied to a RAKE receiver with four fingers, it reduces power dissipation by 55.2% and the area by 38.1% without any system performance degradation. |
399,747 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Neural Network With Structural Similarity Difference and Orientation-Based Loss for Position Error Classification in the Radiotherapy of Graves’ Ophthalmopathy Patients, and key words: Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Computational modeling, In vivo, Dosimetry, Deep learning, Biological system modeling. Abstract: Identifying position errors for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) patients using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) transmission fluence maps is helpful in monitoring treatment. However, most of the existing models only extract features from dose difference maps computed from EPID images, which do not fully characterize all information of the positional errors. In addition, the position error has a three-dimensional spatial nature, which has never been explored in previous work. To address the above problems, a deep neural network (DNN) model with structural similarity difference and orientation-based loss is proposed in this paper, which consists of a feature extraction network and a feature enhancement network. To capture more information, three types of Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) sub-index maps are computed to enhance the luminance, contrast, and structural features of EPID images, respectively. These maps and the dose difference maps are fed into different networks to extract radiomic features. To acquire spatial features of the position errors, an orientation-based loss function is proposed for optimal training. It makes the data distribution more consistent with the realistic 3D space by integrating the error deviations of the predicted values in the left-right, superior-inferior, anterior-posterior directions. Experimental results on a constructed dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, compared with other related models and existing state-of-the-art methods. |
399,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast stabilized adaptive algorithm with parallel block structure for a single sinusoidal detection, and key words: Adaptive algorithm, Convergence, Adaptive control, Frequency, Programmable control, Q factor, Noise cancellation, Band pass filters, Signal generators, Adaptive filters. Abstract: This paper proposes a new implementation of adaptive noise canceller with parallel block structure, aiming to raise the processing and convergence rates and to stabilize the characteristics after the convergence. The procedure is as follows First, an IIR bandpass filter with a variable center angular frequency using adaptive Q-factor control and two adaptive control signal generators are realized by the parallel block structure. Secondly, a new algorithm for adaptive Q-factor control with parallel block structure is proposed to improve the convergence characteristics. In addition, the characteristics after the convergence of the filter is stabilized by using the normalized gradient algorithm for the adaptive control of the center frequency. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the convergence performance. |
399,749 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Motion Data Structuring for Human Activity Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Convolution, Feature extraction, Data models, Computational modeling, Two dimensional displays, Shape, Real-time systems. Abstract: Human activity recognition is an essential field to study for healthcare services and smooth human-machine interaction. For human motion data collection, wearable sensors are the common devices utilized. In this paper, a new double-channel motion data structuring method for classification is proposed for the data collected from the inertial sensor of a smartphone. It was shaped as a virtual image in a way to extract deep features of the temporal and spatial dependencies among motion signals. The time-series raw data underwent Fourier and wavelet transformations as alternative forms of input data. The virtual images from the three types of representations were made to fit a Convolutional Neural Network model for classification. The proposed model was evaluated using our dataset and other public datasets, where it performed well with all datasets. The trained model showed excellent results when tested on a computer and smartphone for real-time recognition. An exclusive iOS application with data handling and real-time recognition functions was developed for the smartphone. The model has the attributes of lower computational cost and better accuracy, which makes it a sound model for a practical purpose. |
399,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Drone Movement Detection Using V-band FMCW MIMO Radar with Digital Beamforming, and key words: beamforming, drone detection, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar, micro-Doppler (mD), MIMO. Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging and promising technology used in various fields and applications. Its usage has grown in recent years since they are becoming more accessible to users, and more appealing applications are constantly being developed. This paper presents a drone detection and tracking solution using a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capability that analyzes a drone performing the pitch, roll, yaw, and throttle variation motions. The movements are detected by analyzing the micro-Doppler (mD) signatures associated with the drone, and since MIMO enables digital beamforming capability by taking advantage of an antenna array, azimuth, and elevation angles were also analyzed. By looking at the angle of arrival of the drone signal, it is possible to keep track of the UAV and differentiate its motions. Compared with existing works, this paper focuses on analyzing and differentiating the main drone motions performed during flight using a portable FMCW MIMO radar with digital beamforming that follows the drone’s movements in azimuth and elevation directions. |
399,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven 3D Reconstruction of Dressed Humans From Sparse Views, and key words: Solid modeling, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Aggregates, Reconstruction algorithms, Cameras, Standards. Abstract: Recently, data-driven single-view reconstruction methods have shown great progress in modeling 3D dressed humans. However, such methods suffer heavily from depth ambiguities and occlusions inherent to single view inputs. In this paper, we tackle this problem by considering a small set of input views and investigate the best strategy to suitably exploit information from these views. We propose a data-driven end-to-end approach that reconstructs an implicit 3D representation of dressed humans from sparse camera views. Specifically, we introduce three key components: first a spatially consistent reconstruction that allows for arbitrary placement of the person in the input views using a perspective camera model; second an attention-based fusion layer that learns to aggregate visual information from several viewpoints; and third a mechanism that encodes local 3D patterns under the multi-view context. In the experiments, we show the proposed approach outperforms the state of the art on standard data both quantitatively and qualitatively. To demonstrate the spatially consistent reconstruction, we apply our approach to dynamic scenes. Additionally, we apply our method on real data acquired with a multi-camera platform and demonstrate our approach can obtain results comparable to multi-view stereo with dramatically less views. |
399,752 | Please write an abstract with title: An S-band Automatically Tunable Bandpass Filter Based on a Machine Learning Approach, and key words: Band-pass filters, Wireless communication, Resonator filters, Resonant frequency, Machine learning, Insertion loss, Bandwidth. Abstract: This paper presents a novel automatic tuning mechanism that eliminates hand-tuning and is suitable for electronically-tunable microwave filters. The proposed method is based on a machine learning approach using physics-based filter characteristic parameters like resonant frequency, bandwidth, insertion loss, and return loss. The whole tuning process is done automatically and does not require any pre-tuning or human expertise. Furthermore, unlike single-frequency post-production tuning techniques, the presented methodology is applicable to continuously-tunable filters covering a wide frequency range. This method is experimentally tested on an S-band evanescent-mode electronically-tunable bandpass filter that can tune from 2-3. 5GHz. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such an automatic tuning mechanism where the user can specify any frequency of interest and the filter tunes automatically to that frequency within the entire operating range of the filter. |
399,753 | Please write an abstract with title: A design approach for agents in distributed work and learning environments, and key words: Collaborative work, Animation, Software agents, Computer architecture, Information science, Humans, Education, Explosions, Welding, Knowledge representation. Abstract: This paper presents an approach for designing facilitators as interface agents in collaborative learning and work environments. As some researchers already have commented, too little effort has been focused on researching human agent interaction, and how presentation techniques can be developed to mediate agent output more successfully (Dickinson, 1998). A lot of research has been done in the field of animated pedagogical agents. Research in this field is occupied with capabilities such as eye movements, hand gestures and user - agent conversations. In these settings agents tend to be a crucial part of the interface, and interacting with the agent can be time consuming. The authors argue that such techniques might not prove successful in collaborative learning and work environments, especially in scenarios imposing a heavy workload on the participants. In contrast, they propose a different design approach so agents can become less intrusive. This will hopefully leave the learners with time to do their needed collaborative work. |
399,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Resource Scheduling in an Agriculture System Using a Decision Tree Approach, and key words: Agriculture, Energy resources, Rivers, Synchronous generators, Turbines, Decision trees, Intelligent systems. Abstract: Agriculture sector is backbone of each country. Nowadays the energy efficiency in this sector is at a very low level, which shows the necessity of more investments in this regard. By appearance of smart grid technologies, some new concepts were also appeared in the agriculture sector, such as smart farm, and smart agriculture. This paper provides an energy management system for an agriculture field equipped with renewable energy resources and a river turbine. A decision tree is developed in this paper to schedule and optimize the use of energy resources for reducing the electricity costs. Decision tree method enables the system to obtain optimal scheduling of energy resources in offline mode, without using any external server/machine or internet access. A case study validates the performance of developed decision tree, and the errors and accuracy of all gained results are discussed. |
399,755 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reinforcement Learning Approach in Assignment of Task Priorities in Kinematic Control of Redundant Robots, and key words: Task analysis, Robots, Null space, Kinematics, Robot kinematics, Jacobian matrices, Training. Abstract: Based on the recent advances of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and promising results, in this paper, we propose a framework for strict priority assignment in the context of kinematic control of redundant robots. The presented method focuses on redundant robots performing multiple concurrent tasks with potentially conflicting requirements and learns how to re-assign task priorities to ensure critical tasks get executed through smooth transitions. A Deep Q-Network (DQN) reinforcement learning agent is trained to assign the proper strict priorities to a stack of predefined kinematic control tasks (e.g., position control, orientation control, obstacle avoidance control, etc.) in a varying environment. Furthermore, to address the discontinuities in the control law due to the changes in the task priorities, a smoothing algorithm is proposed to ensure continuous reference velocities to the robot’s joints. The proposed method is generic and extendable to a higher number of tasks and can be used when a reordering, swapping, addition, or deletion of tasks is required. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown in simulation on a 5-DoF planar manipulator and a 7-DoF planar bipedal robot. The results show that the DRL agent is successful in assigning the correct hierarchy of tasks at each robot’s state based on the global goal of the robot. |
399,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Game-based Learning for Engineering Education: Supplementing Basic Electronics Instruction with Educational Games, and key words: Prototypes, Power amplifiers, Games, Production, Medical services, Behavioral sciences, Engineering education. Abstract: In the world of ever-growing technology and multimedia devices, educators around the globe are innovating newer ways to engage students in a more immersive and enjoyable way. Games have had a proven effect on marketing, sales, healthcare, behavioral changes, K12 education, and have now increasingly gained momentum in higher education, especially engineering education, primarily to enhance learner engagement and motivation. This paper presents a work-in-progress towards developing serious games as supplemental material in teaching the course on Basic Electronics. Two story boards of game-based learning are presented in this paper along with the design strategy and target core motivational drives. The game development is under progress and student reception and feedback is yet to be incorporated. |
399,757 | Please write an abstract with title: Nanoholes permit remarkable light transmission, and key words: Optical films, Plasmons, Optical surface waves, Optical materials, Optical polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Nanostructures, Optical refraction, Solid lasers, Surface emitting lasers. Abstract: By analogy with passing a camel through a needle's eye, the big implications of subwavelength nanostructures for light-emitting devices are discussed. |
399,758 | Please write an abstract with title: On general linear block code decoding using the sum-product iterative decoder, and key words: Iterative decoding, Block codes, Parity check codes, Degradation, Symmetric matrices, Moon, Gain, Error correction, Computer errors. Abstract: The sum-product iterative decoder, conventionally used for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, hold promise as a decoder for general linear block code decoding. However, the promise is only partly fulfilled because, as we show experimentally, the decoder performance degrades rapidly as a function of parity check matrix weight. Even in the case of decoder failure, however, we demonstrate that there is information present in the decoder output probabilities that can still help with the decoding problem. |
399,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Nighttime Pedestrian and Vehicle Detection Based on a Fast Saliency and Multifeature Fusion Algorithm for Infrared Images, and key words: Feature extraction, Vehicle detection, Support vector machines, Real-time systems, Roads, Radio frequency, Metallurgy. Abstract: In recent years, pedestrian and vehicle detection at night has become an important subject of computer vision applications. Because the environment light is weak at night, the common traditional camera-input algorithms often performs poorly. Pedestrians and vehicles in infrared images are usually brighter than the surrounding environment and have salient features. In this paper, a fast saliency map of pedestrian and vehicle targets in infrared images at night is used to achieve rapid acquisition of areas of interest for pedestrians and vehicles. Based on this, we propose a method to refine and separate the target area to obtain accurate pedestrian and vehicle candidate bounding boxes. Specifically, this paper proposed a multi-feature fusion algorithm of pedestrian and vehicle feature extraction combined with support vector machine (SVM) to determine whether the extracted target area really includes pedestrians and vehicles. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the expected effect of the classification and detection for pedestrians and vehicles at night, and can meet the real-time requirements of actual road scenarios. |
399,760 | Please write an abstract with title: Large-scale Fake Click Detection for E-commerce Recommendation Systems, and key words: Correlation, Filtering, Conferences, Data processing, Data engineering, Real-time systems, Bipartite graph. Abstract: With the development of e-commerce platforms, e-commerce recommendation systems are playing an increasingly important role for the purpose of product recommendation. As a new attack model against e-commerce recommendation systems, the "Ride Item's Coattails" attack creates fake click information to establish the deceptive correlation between popular products and low-quality products in order to mislead the recommendation system of e-commerce platform to boost the sales of low-quality products. This attack is characterized by high concealment and strong destructiveness, which can cause great damage to e-commerce recommendation systems, and adversely affect the usability of the e-commerce platform and users' shopping experience. It is therefore of great practical significance to study how to quickly and effectively identify the false click information and the corresponding "Ride Item's Coattails" attack to better safeguard e-commerce recommendation systems. At present, there is no previously reported relevant research work conducted specifically for addressing the detection of the "Ride Item's Coattails" attack. In this work, we carried out pioneering work in analyzing and summarizing the characteristics of the false click information produced by attackers on the target products in the "Ride Item's Coattails" attack and designed a set of attack detection techniques suitable for e-commerce recommendation systems. Experimental results on real e-commerce datasets show that our proposed techniques can quickly and effectively detect the large-scale fake click information as well as the associated "Ride Item's Coattails" attack in e-commerce recommendation systems. |
399,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Assessment of command structuring in Scratch programming using the SOLO taxonomy, and key words: Weight measurement, Visualization, Codes, Three-dimensional displays, Spirals, Taxonomy, Data processing. Abstract: According to Wirth, “a program is algorithm plus data”. This association of algorithm and data also occurs at the micro-scale of a command, where the program is represented by a single command plus a data representation. This paper proposes to map the degrees of complexity of the command, data processing and data structuring to the levels of the SOLO taxonomy in order to create tool for evaluating code which is used in visual programming environments. This tool allows the teacher to assess the degree of the student’s understanding of the use of a command, and the complexity of that command. The ability of the teacher to measure the weight of each command, allows him to design alternative teaching spiral paths, from a simple command to the most complex ones. The work in this paper is part of a broader project to evaluate visual programming code – with Scratch as the chosen visual programming language. |
399,762 | Please write an abstract with title: Congestion control and service differentiation in multihop wireless networks, and key words: Spread spectrum communication, Wireless networks, Multiaccess communication, Media Access Protocol, Wireless application protocol, Algorithm design and analysis, Centralized control, Distributed computing, Traffic control, Processor scheduling. Abstract: This paper describes a practical algorithm for congestion control and service differentiation in multihop wireless networks using CSMA/CA type MAC protocol. The algorithm is designed by taking into account the implementation issues of distributed contention based transmission protocols without a central controller. The proposed algorithm computes a weighted load metric related to the queue status of the nodes to provide a distributed and stateless traffic control mechanism. Service differentiation is achieved through intranode and internode scheduling. Fairness is provided in terms of fair sharing both channels and next hops (Le. forwarding nodes). Performance evaluation in both laboratory and live networks is used to optimize the algorithm. |
399,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Accuracy and composability in NODAS, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Structural beams, Circuit simulation, Switches, Analytical models, Equations, Radiofrequency microelectromechanical systems, Radio frequency, Microelectromechanical devices, Computational modeling. Abstract: Simulation accuracy of a methodology for composable modeling of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is assessed by comparing against analytic equations and finite element simulations. Several MEMS canonical problems are composed hierarchically as networks of simple elements with models written in an analog hardware description language. Schematics built from this model library, called NODAS (nodal design of actuators and sensors), produce DC simulation results that are accurate to at least three digits, demonstrating suitable accuracy and lumping trade-offs. |
399,764 | Please write an abstract with title: From Pixel to Superpixel: A Multi-Scale Strategy for Polarimetric Sar Image Classification, and key words: Support vector machines, Speckle, Feature extraction, Radar polarimetry, Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar, Kernel, Remote sensing. Abstract: Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification is a hot topic in remote sensing. However, it is a dilemma that how to preserve image details in PolSAR image meanwhile hinder speckle noise. In this paper, a novel multi-scale strategy is proposed to combine pixel-wise and superpixel-wise features. Specifically, pixel-based polarimetric features and multi-scale superpixel-based polarimetric features are extracted firstly. Then, the multiple feature-induced kernels are fused to form one composite kernel. Finally, the composite kernel is incorporated with a support vector machine (SVM) for terrain classification. Experimental results tested on a real PolSAR image demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-scale scheme. |
399,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient and Model-Based Infrared and Visible Image Fusion via Algorithm Unrolling, and key words: Optimization, Image fusion, Feature extraction, Task analysis, Kernel, Decoding, Neural networks. Abstract: Infrared and visible image fusion (IVIF) expects to obtain images that retain thermal radiation information from infrared images and texture details from visible images. In this paper, a model-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model, referred to as Algorithm Unrolling Image Fusion (AUIF), is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of traditional CNN-based IVIF models. The proposed AUIF model starts with the iterative formulas of two traditional optimization models, which are established to accomplish two-scale decomposition, i.e., separating low-frequency base information and high-frequency detail information from source images. Then the algorithm unrolling is implemented where each iteration is mapped to a CNN layer and each optimization model is transformed into a trainable neural network. Compared with the general network architectures, the proposed framework combines the model-based prior information and is designed more reasonably. After the unrolling operation, our model contains two decomposers (encoders) and an additional reconstructor (decoder). In the training phase, this network is trained to reconstruct the input image. While in the test phase, the base (or detail) decomposed feature maps of infrared/visible images are merged respectively by an extra fusion layer, and then the decoder outputs the fusion image. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons demonstrate the superiority of our model, which can robustly generate fusion images containing highlight targets and legible details, exceeding the state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, our network has fewer weights and faster speed. |
399,766 | Please write an abstract with title: The Estimation of Particle Swarm Distribution Algorithm With Sensitivity Analysis for Solving Nonlinear Bilevel Programming Problems, and key words: Particle swarm optimization, Estimation, Sociology, Statistics, Programming, Optimization, Sensitivity analysis. Abstract: This paper proposes an estimation of particle swarm distribution algorithm (EPSDA) to solve the nonlinear bilevel programming problem (NBLP) by embedding the estimation distribution algorithm (EDA) into the particle swarm optimization (PSO). One Gaussian function is selected to construct the probability distribution for the superior candidate from the present population before executing the velocity and position update rule at each iteration in PSO. Thus, some new individuals viewed as an offspring population are generated from the probability distribution to replace some inferior particles in the current population for making up a new population. Therefore, this proposed algorithm combines PSO (the local search method) and EDA (the global search method) through updating the population to enhance the efficiency of solving NBLP. In experiments, we select four representative examples for linear, quadratic, nonlinear, high-dimensional nonlinear cases to carry out sensitivity analysis on parameters of the proposed algorithm. The results reveal that linearly decreasing inertia weight and adaptive acceleration coefficients are better than constant parameters. Furthermore, the multivariate Gaussian distribution can achieve better performance compared with the normal distribution. These four examples are also used to compare the performance of EPSDA with ones of separate PSO and EDA by setting constant parameters. The experiments show that EPSDA is better than separate PSO and EDA from both the quality of solution and the computational efficiency. The results on four high-dimensional non-convex nonlinear examples demonstrate feasibility and efficiency of EPSDA to solve the high-dimensional nonlinear bilevel programming from the iteration number and computational time. |
399,767 | Please write an abstract with title: LANDMARC: indoor location sensing using active RFID, and key words: Radiofrequency identification, Active RFID tags, Prototypes, Global Positioning System, Computer science, Mobile computing, Wireless sensor networks, Radio frequency, Radar tracking, Embedded computing. Abstract: Growing convergence among mobile computing devices and embedded technology sparks the development and deployment of "context-aware" applications, where location is the most essential context. We present LANDMARC, a location sensing prototype system that uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for locating objects inside buildings. The major advantage of LANDMARC is that it improves the overall accuracy of locating objects by utilizing the concept of reference tags. Based on experimental analysis, we demonstrate that active RFID is a viable and cost-effective candidate for indoor location sensing. Although RFID is not designed for indoor location sensing, we point out three major features that should be added to make RFID technologies competitive in this new and growing market. |
399,768 | Please write an abstract with title: A Joint Design of Platoon Communication and Control Based on LTE-V2V, and key words: Safety, Relays, Communication networks, Network topology, Topology, Stability analysis, Kinetic theory. Abstract: Recently, vehicle platooning has attracted a lot of attention as one of the promising solutions to the explosion of vehicle numbers. By exchanging information among vehicles through communication networks, vehicle platooning can significantly improve traffic safety and efficiency. In this paper, we develop a joint systematic design of platoon communication and control to reduce position errors of consecutive vehicles and to improve platoon safety. Through separate information dissemination of the platoon leader and followers, we improve the success probability of the platoon leader's information dissemination. To extend the communication range of the platoon leader and also the platoon scale, we propose to use relays to forward the platoon leader's messages. Further, an adaptive distributed model predictive control (DMPC) based controller is presented, which can adjust its control parameters according to platoon state and dynamic information sources. Simulation results not only verify the proposed systematic design in terms of position errors, but also show that our scheme performs well in vehicle failure cases where collisions can be avoided and platoon safety improved. |
399,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Benchmarking of Deep Architectures for Segmentation of Medical Images, and key words: Image segmentation, Task analysis, Training, Biomedical imaging, Computer architecture, Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging. Abstract: In recent years, there were many suggestions regarding modifications of the well-known U-Net architecture in order to improve its performance. The central motivation of this work is to provide a fair comparison of U-Net and its five extensions using identical conditions to disentangle the influence of model architecture, model training, and parameter settings on the performance of a trained model. For this purpose each of these six segmentation architectures is trained on the same nine data sets. The data sets are selected to cover various imaging modalities (X-rays, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging), single- and multi-class segmentation problems, and single- and multi-modal inputs. During the training, it is ensured that the data preprocessing, data set split into training, validation, and testing subsets, optimizer, learning rate change strategy, architecture depth, loss function, supervision and inference are exactly the same for all the architectures compared. Performance is evaluated in terms of Dice coefficient, surface Dice coefficient, average surface distance, Hausdorff distance, training, and prediction time. The main contribution of this experimental study is demonstrating that the architecture variants do not improve the quality of inference related to the basic U-Net architecture while resource demand rises. |
399,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Your technical editor replies — u tegniese redakteur se antwoord, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Flywheels, Electrical engineering. Abstract: One ofmy most important duties at this stage of developments is to keep you, the member, advised of the progress being made. At the first Editorial Board meeting itwas decided that we would nowhave two publications. The present Transactionswill maintain the present high standard of research and other papers. It will appearwithout advertisements at approximately three-monthly intervals. The second, a monthly publication, will have advertisements andwill be launched in January 1984. |
399,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Equivalence between priority queues and sorting, and key words: Sorting, Data structures, Read-write memory, Laboratories, Computational modeling, Operating systems, Processor scheduling, Greedy algorithms, Scheduling algorithm, Costs. Abstract: We present a general deterministic linear space reduction from priority queues to sorting implying that if we can sort up to n keys in S(n) time per key, then there is a priority queue supporting delete and insert in S(n)+O(1) time and find-min in constant time. Conversely, a priority queue can trivially be used for sorting: first insert all keys to be sorted, then extract them in sorted order by repeatedly deleting the minimum. Hence, asymptotically this settles the complexity of priority queues in terms of that of sorting. Besides nailing down the complexity of priority queues to that of sorting, and vice versa, we translate known sorting results into new results on priority queues for integers and strings in different computational models. |
399,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Consensus-based Formation Control of Heterogeneous Linear Multi-agent Systems, and key words: Protocols, Stability criteria, Process control, Transforms, Switches, Topology, Linear matrix inequalities. Abstract: This paper studies the formation control problem of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems (MASs) with time-invariant relative position and angle constraints under a directed fixed communication topology. A consensus-based formation control protocol is proposed for the MAS based on the local information exchange between agents. First, we transform the formation control problem into the consensus problem. Then, the state linear transformation approach is used to further transform the consensus problem into the partial variable stability problem. Using the theory of partial variable stability, sufficient and necessary criteria are given to ensure the MAS realizes the required formation. In addition, the design process of the gain matrices in control protocol is given based on Lyapunov inequality and bilinear matrix inequality (BMI). Finally, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results. |
399,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and evaluation of fundamental-mode and polarization-stabilized VCSELs with a subwavelength surface grating, and key words: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Gratings, Surface emitting lasers, Laser stability, Etching, Apertures, Laser noise, Power lasers, Power generation. Abstract: We demonstrate 850-nm oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a locally etched subwavelength surface grating that are single-mode and polarization stable from threshold up to thermal roll-over, reaching /spl sim/4 mW of output power. The side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is >30 dB and the orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) is /spl sim/20 dB. Moreover, no distortion of the far-field beam profile is observed as a result of the surface grating. Our numerical calculations show that a carefully designed VCSEL can have a high simultaneous mode and polarization selectivity without a significant increase in loss for the favored fundamental mode with polarization state perpendicular to the grating lines. This indicates characteristics such as threshold current and resonance frequency will not be notably degraded. The calculations also show a low sensitivity to variations in grating etch depth and duty cycle, which relaxes fabrication tolerances. In our experimental parametric study, where the oxide aperture diameter, surface grating diameter, and grating duty cycle were varied, the combined mode and polarization selection was investigated. For an optimum combination of oxide aperture and surface grating diameters of 4.5 and 2.5 /spl mu/m, respectively, the device is found to be single-mode and polarization stable for a broad range of grating duty cycles, from 55% to 75%, with only a small variation in other laser performances, which is in line with theory. |
399,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Intrusion detection based on clustering a data stream, and key words: Intrusion detection, Data mining, Clustering algorithms, Computer crime, Virtual manufacturing, Data analysis, Computer science, Communications technology, Computerized monitoring, Security. Abstract: In anomaly intrusion detection, how to model the normal behavior of activities performed by a user is an important issue. To extract the normal behavior as a profile, conventional data mining techniques are widely applied to a finite audit data set. However, these approaches can only model the static behavior of a user in the audit data set. This drawback can be overcome by viewing the continuous activities of a user as an audit data stream. This paper proposes a new clustering algorithm, which continuously models a data stream. A set of features is used to represent the characteristics of an activity. For each feature, the clusters of feature values corresponding to activities observed so far in an audit data stream are identified by the proposed clustering algorithm for data streams. As a result, without maintaining any historical activity of a user physically, new activities of the user can be continuously reflected to the on-going result of clustering. |
399,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Three Phase Inverter System with LC filter, and key words: Inverters, Pulse width modulation, MOSFET, Rectifiers, Harmonic analysis, Power supplies, Pins. Abstract: Three phase inverter is extremely important electronic module utilized in modern industry. most the induction motor drives use inverter for desired controlled output. Inverters are also utilized in various sectors like high voltage (HV), heating, uninterrupted power supply (UPS), induction motor drives, textile mills, electric vehicles, home appliances and energy system. Amongst the numerous Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques employed in variable speed frequency drives multiple step pulse width modulation is simple to device and popular PWM technique employed in industries today. it has been established that with constant parameters of this control loop and also the employment of a nonlinear reactor, the inductance of which depends on the amplitude of the inverter current, the energy losses within the inverter switches increase several times or the harmonics composition of the load current deteriorates significantly. In accordance with this, it's proposed to change the coefficient of proportional link of this control loop per the amplitude of the inverter current reference. At low values of the load current, the modulation frequency increasing is desirable. The structure of the system with a corresponding change within the parameters of this control loop within the case of employing a non-linear reactor is proposed. The MATLAB Simulink of the “three-phase inverter” was performed with a linear and non-linear reactor with an estimate of the power losses within the inverter switches. |
399,776 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Nano Thermoelectric Generator for Wireless Nano-Sensor Network, and key words: Nanosensors, Generators, Legged locomotion, Conductivity, Wireless sensor networks, Copper, Technological innovation. Abstract: This paper proposes a nano vitality collector dependent on temperature angle utilizing thermoelectric materials. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) produces electrical vitality from temperature contrast. Right now, the gadget is planned to fit as a fiddle for the simplicity of creation.nanoscale gadgets render assortment of ar WNSNs include nanosensors that are familiar with Nano The thermoelectric generator is a wellspring of a sustainable power source. It can change over warmth vitality to electrical vitality utilizing the Seebeck coefficient of the materials. There has been a quick headway in microelectronics which has made the nanotechnology huge and it has prodded the development of remote correspondence. For an occasion, nanosensors can distinguish any concoction organization in fixations as low as one section for every billion In this manner, in thought to the one of a kind qualities of nanosensors, it is impractical and infeasible to fuse any extra circuit in the equipment of nanosensors. Such a working situation of nanosensors gadgets makes an objective of vitality safeguarding because of constrained design battery assets inserted into it. transceiver and nanoantenna working at the Terahertz recurrence band (0.1-10THz). Up until now, analysts have concentrated on vitality productivity in WSNs however the vitality issue in WNSNs has not been tended to fundamentally in the current writing. The reenactment examination is acted in MATLAB Software to experimentally research the exhibition of proposed vitality adjusted bunching consolidating the proper ClusterHead (CH) determination. The fundamental extent of this structured gadget is to give the capacity to remote, biomedical and IoT sensors which devour less vitality to work. Reenactment of this examinationworkhasbeendone in COMSOL Multiphysics. |
399,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Local-Global Fusion Network for Video Super-Resolution, and key words: Image resolution, Optical noise, Motion compensation, Estimation, Image reconstruction, Feature extraction, Optical network units. Abstract: The goal of video super-resolution technique is to address the problem of effectively restoring high-resolution (HR) videos from low-resolution (LR) ones. Previous methods commonly used optical flow to perform frame alignment and designed a framework from the perspective of space and time. However, inaccurate optical flow estimation may occur easily which leads to inferior restoration effects. In addition, how to effectively fuse the features of various video frames remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a Local-Global Fusion Network (LGFN) to solve the above issues from a novel viewpoint. As an alternative to optical flow, deformable convolutions (DCs) with decreased multi-dilation convolution units (DMDCUs) are applied for efficient implicit alignment. Moreover, a structure with two branches, consisting of a Local Fusion Module (LFM) and a Global Fusion Module (GFM), is proposed to combine information from two different aspects. Specifically, LFM focuses on the relationship between adjacent frames and maintains the temporal consistency while GFM attempts to take advantage of all related features globally with a video shuffle strategy. Benefiting from our advanced network, experimental results on several datasets demonstrate that our LGFN can not only achieve comparative performance with state-of-the-art methods but also possess reliable ability on restoring a variety of video frames. The results on benchmark datasets of our LGFN are presented on https://github.com/BIOINSu/LGFN and the source code will be released as soon as the paper is accepted. |
399,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Object search in color distance scene using color reach histogram, and key words: Layout, Histograms, Robustness, Color, Robust stability, Lighting, Indexing, Distributed computing, Object recognition, Frequency. Abstract: An object recognition method is proposed for cluttered color and depth scene, which is based on color reach histograms. The motivation of the research project came from the difficulty in searching colored objects in cluttered scene with respect to color and depth. We propose color reach histograms for feature representation in order to combine color frequency and depth distribution in the scene. The proposed method can be applied to searching in both 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) scene. In comparison with conventional histogram-based methods, the stability and robustness for illumination change and occlusion could be obtained and verified through many experiments with real objects. |
399,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Cybersecurity, Computer Networks Phishing, Malware, Ransomware, and Social Engineering Anti-Piracy Reviews, and key words: Training, Wireless communication, Visualization, Pandemics, Production, Tools, Regulation. Abstract: With the rapid development of technology, connection to the internet is an indispensable element of life. With the Covid-19 Pandemic outbreak, online education with a computer and tablet mobile phone has become mandatory due to the remote training. The security of these tools used for connectivity has become critical. In this process, online shopping from homes has increased considerably. Due to this use among users for the first time and due to fast service, security vulnerabilities expose users to a difficult situation and cyberbullying. The fact that the devices are on the internet as wired or wireless makes it inevitable that they are vulnerable. The exposure of such devices in your home to cyberattacks means a violation of your privacy, along with many of your personal data. Nowadays, even the fine details of such technologies are trying to steal personal data by using the need to believe, such as phone fraud or pandemic vaccines. It is becoming increasingly important to inform end users of internet technology and security weaknesses in this field and to create awareness. If these are increased, the number of people exposed to cyber attacks will decrease. The first method for this is to reach these people and education. |
399,780 | Please write an abstract with title: An investigation into channel prediction algorithms for a switched-beam smart antenna system, and key words: Prediction algorithms, Lakes, Predictive models, Fading, Rayleigh scattering, Frequency estimation, Receiving antennas, Communication switching, Wireless communication, Mobile antennas. Abstract: In a switched-beam smart antenna system, predicting the message signal during the interval of signal fading or beam changing is required. In this paper, a channel prediction algorithm that is capable of estimating a future block of fading coefficients is studied. Jakes channel model is used to represent the wireless communication channel. It is shown that the algorithm is able to predict the fading coefficients quite well. The effects of observation interval length, number of scatterer signals in the channel model and the Doppler frequency on the estimation algorithm are investigated. |
399,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Impacts on the accuracy of a capacitive inclination sensor, and key words: Capacitive sensors, Electrodes, Stators, Sensor systems, Capacitance, Mechanical sensors, Viscosity, Signal processing algorithms, Dielectric measurements, Electric variables measurement. Abstract: The measurement of inclination by evaluating changes of coupling capacitances caused by movements of a fluid in a circular tube is a well known approach. Based on a fluidic inclinometer with an accuracy of better 0.2/spl deg/ over full circle measurement range without calibration, the effects of axis tilt and fill level variation are studied. It is shown that changes of physical properties of the fluid over industrial and automotive temperature ranges, inaccurate fill level and sensor axis tilt are compensated by the evaluation algorithm whereas a tilt between sensor axis and system axis leads to a systematic difference between inclination measured by the sensor and true rotation around the system axis. This effect which is common to all inclination sensors can either be compensated by in-system calibration or corrected if the misalignment is known or avoided by precise alignment of the axis. |
399,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Advance Fuzzy Neural Network for the Detection and Diagnosis of Faults in the VAV Systems, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Fault diagnosis, Energy consumption, HVAC, Fault detection, Atmospheric modeling, Buildings. Abstract: Variable air volume (VAV) fault detection and diagnosis is essential for energy consumption and stable operation of the Air Handling Units (AHU). This article introduces the Advance Fuzzy Neural Network (AFNN) model for detecting and diagnosing of the VAV systems. As the initial step, fault id detected based on Fuzzy Logic (FL) method, then the type of the faults is identified based on Neural Network (NN) classification approach. Our proposed model is tested with simulated data. It also tested on six different VAV systems from two levels of the Land Custody and Development (LCDA) building in Sarawak, Malaysia. The results show that proposed AFNN model can detect more faults and accurately classify faults from different size of VAV systems. |
399,783 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multiplex Social Contagion Dynamics Model to Shape and Discriminate D2D Content Dissemination, and key words: Device-to-device communication, Multiplexing, Mathematical model, Biological system modeling, 5G mobile communication, Complex systems, Data dissemination. Abstract: 5G network technology is growing fast, thus the number of devices and the traffic are likely to pose impressive challenges. A new paradigm called “Internet-of-People” (IoP) represents a valid approach to include the social aspect. Following an IoP perspective, we believe that the knowledge of social multiplex interactions and dynamics could drive more sustainable growth. By merging this with the Device-to-Device communication (D2D), we originate a new paradigm presented in this work. We propose a novel bio-inspired approach for quantifying the impact of the social multiplex structure on D2D contents' dissemination. Through rigorous mathematical modelling, we have shaped the D2D data dissemination process as a social contagion dynamics of two co-evolving spreading processes. We weigh the dynamic interactions by including the concepts of homophily and awareness. We have measured the effect of homophily, awareness and network heterogeneity on information diffusion. The bio-inspired mechanism is evaluated through a rigorous mathematical and algorithm analysis, and a meaningful simulation. We show that this mechanism is effective in tuning network awareness and alertness, breaking the “echo chambers” effect. Through our model, we have defined and proposed the guidelines to discriminate the nature of the contents based on contents' dissemination. |
399,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Effective Post-Training Quantization Of Neural Networks For Inference on Low Power Neural Accelerator, and key words: Quantization (signal), Neural networks, Hardware, Topology, Tensile stress, Backpropagation, Power demand. Abstract: Neural network deployment to the target environment is considered a challenging task especially because of heavy burden of hardware requirements that DNN models lay on computation capabilities and power consumption. In case of low power edge devices, such as GNA - neural coprocessor, quantization becomes the only way to make the deployment possible. This paper draws attention to the post-training quantization for low-power devices and proves that this approach is practically effective. We propose a novel quantization algorithm capable of reducing DNNs precision to 16-bit or 8-bit integer with negligible drop in accuracy (less than 0.1 percent). The elaborated approach is demonstrated on a set of speech recognition networks trained in Kaldi framework with OpenVINO framework as an inference backend that supports quantization and GNA as a target. Quantization influence on original topologies was rigorously measured and analyzed. |
399,785 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability growth of autonomous underwater vehicle-Dorado, and key words: Underwater vehicles, Sea surface, Remotely operated vehicles, Marine vehicles, Failure analysis, Mobile robots, Sea floor, Propulsion, Costs, Automotive engineering. Abstract: Underwater environments are highly unstructured, uncertain, and dynamic. However, over the past three decades many autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been developed and successfully deployed for various oceanographic applications. There is a growing need for the AUVs to be reliable for collecting useful data and samples for their users. An AUV is a typical one-of-a-kind product for which it is difficult to derive a mathematical/statistical model for reliability prediction. The failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) can produce more effective results. However, the assessment of reliability growth of an AUV is very important for predicting its operational success in challenging underwater environments. In this paper, we present the identification of different types of failures that occurred during the past one and a half years of operation of MBARI's Dorado AUV, classification of those failures, and the reliability growth analysis for the vehicle. Reliability issues of various subsystems and operational procedure of the AUV have also been discussed. An extensive analysis of operational data and test results are presented in this paper. |
399,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Switch–Controller Association and Control Devolution for SDN Systems: An Integrated Online Perspective of Control and Learning, and key words: Control systems, Switches, Uncertainty, Process control, System dynamics, Stability criteria, Optimization. Abstract: In software-defined networking (SDN) systems, it is a common practice to adopt a multi-controller design and control devolution techniques to improve the performance of the control plane. However, in such systems the decision-making for joint switch-controller association and control devolution often involves various uncertainties, e.g., the temporal variations of controller accessibility, and computation and communication costs of switches. In practice, statistics of such uncertainties are unattainable and need to be learned in an online fashion, calling for an integrated design of learning and control. In this article, we formulate a stochastic network optimization problem that aims to minimize time-average system costs and ensure queue stability. By transforming the problem into a combinatorial multi-armed bandit problem with long-term stability constraints, we adopt bandit learning methods and optimal control techniques to handle the exploration-exploitation tradeoff and long-term stability constraints, respectively. Through an integrated design of online learning and online control, we propose an effective Learning-Aided Switch-Controller Association and Control Devolution (LASAC) scheme. Our theoretical analysis and simulation results show that LASAC achieves a tunable tradeoff between queue stability and system cost reduction with a sublinear time-averaged regret bound over a finite time horizon. |
399,787 | Please write an abstract with title: ADA: Adaptive Depth Attention Model for Click - Through Rate Prediction, and key words: Deep learning, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Predictive models, Data models, Task analysis. Abstract: Click-through rate (CTR) prediction plays a critical role in recommender systems, in which the task is to forecast the probability of the user clicking on recommended items. Many models have been proposed in this field, such as logistic regression, factorization machine based models and deep learning based models. However, many current works calculate the feature interactions in a simple way such as inner product. They care less about the different importance and computational requirements of different feature interactions. The general idea is that some complex feature interactions might require more computations to produce a final result, while some simple or unimportant feature interactions might require less. In this paper, we propose adaptive depth attention (ADA) model, a new model that automatically learns the high-order feature interactions of raw data. The core of ADA is a multi-head self-attention neural network that learns feature interaction and a network depth control module that controls the network depth required for interaction of different feature fields. We conduct extensive experiments on two realworld datasets and results demonstrate the superior predictive performance of ADA against the state-of-the-art methods. |
399,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability of GaAs PIN switches for high frequency and high power applications, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Switches, Integrated circuit reliability, Application specific integrated circuits, Monolithic integrated circuits, Switching circuits, Radiofrequency identification, Radio frequency, Insertion loss, Testing. Abstract: M/A-COM's monolithic GaAs PIN diode integrated circuit process has been used in high frequency switching applications for many years. A recent application of this process identified a unique failure mode related to operation at high RF power and low frequency. Under these high power conditions, switch insertion loss was seen to increase, particularly at lower frequencies (below 10 GHz). In an effort to better understand this failure mode, a series of reliability experiments were performed. Subsequent changes to this process were also subjected to process reliability tests. |
399,789 | Please write an abstract with title: A closed-form solution for the finite length constant modulus receiver, and key words: Closed-form solution, Intersymbol interference, Convergence, Cost function, Gaussian approximation, Digital communication, Blind equalizers, Information theory, Frequency, Adaptive algorithm. Abstract: In this paper, a closed-form solution minimizing the Godard or constant modulus (CM) cost function under the practical conditions of finite SNR and finite equalizer length is derived. While previous work has been reported by Zeng et al., IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 1998, to establish the link between the constant modulus and Wiener receivers, we show that under the Gaussian approximation of intersymbol interference at the output of the equalizer, the CM finite-length receiver is equivalent to the nonblind MMSE equalizer up to a complex gain factor. Some simulation results are provided to support the Gaussian approximation assumption |
399,790 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Coverage and Localization Driven Receiver Placement in Distributed Passive Radar, and key words: Receivers, Passive radar, Optimization, Transmitters, Measurement, Radar cross-sections. Abstract: In distributed passive radar, optimization of the receiver placement attracts much attention recently to improve the performance. Whereas most research optimizes receiver placement for best coverage or localization performance, the effect of one performance optimization on the other is ignored. In this article, the theoretical analysis on the conflict between the coverage and localization performance optimization is presented. Then, a joint coverage and localization-based receiver placement optimization is formulated, in which the detection probability and the localization accuracy are chosen as the corresponding metrics. To solve this optimization problem, a multiobjective neighborhood search algorithm with multineighborhood structure is proposed, by which a set of Pareto solutions corresponding to the optimal receiver placements is obtained. Compared with the traditional neighborhood search algorithms, the proposed algorithm is able to provide better receiver placements approaching the global Pareto optimum, which is validated by the simulations. |
399,791 | Please write an abstract with title: A general signalling approach for local adaptation, and key words: Resource management, Telecommunication traffic, Spine, Quality of service, Communication system traffic control, Diffserv networks, Wireless networks, Wireless communication, Optimization methods, Error probability. Abstract: With the fast improvements of broadband wireless technologies more and more demanding services can be provided over wireless access networks. However, the highly varying nature of wireless channels and the stringent requirements of real-time applications require enhancements of service delivery. To achieve high user-perceived quality adaptive applications and adaptation-supportive network entities play a key role. Recently, cross-layer adaptation is getting acceptance as a method that efficiently increases the performance of wireless communications. Although several cross-layer optimisation methods have been proposed over the past years, the research for end-to-end concepts was rather short-handed. The multimedia pipe (M-Pipe) project was started, among others, to research existing approaches and propose a conceptual solution for cross-layer optimisation of multimedia delivery. In this paper, we overview some of the concepts under investigation in the project |
399,792 | Please write an abstract with title: A Real-Time Speed Limit Sign Recognition System for Autonomous Vehicle Using SSD Algorithm, and key words: Training, Image recognition, Sensitivity, Roads, Feature extraction, Real-time systems, Sensor systems. Abstract: In today’s technology-driven world, there are a lot of devices and products have been invented including the Autonomous Vehicle (AV). Autonomous vehicle is a driverless vehicle which able to drive on its own. It works with the aid of various embedded systems and sensors that help the AV to function greatly. Speed limit signs recognition is one of the TSR essential features for AV where it helps to automatically detect and recognize speed limit signs on the road. There are many speed limit signs available on the road including 30km/h, 60km/h, 90km/h signs and to name a few. However, the interclass similarity among these speed limit signs has created a challenge for the TSR system in detection and recognition process. Therefore, this study proposes image processing technique to develop the speed limit sign recognition for TSR system utilizing a single layer network called Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) algorithm. The German Traffic Sign Dataset (GTSD) is used for the purpose of training the model and the model is then tested using the real-time images of standard Malaysian speed limit signs. An accuracy testing using confusion matrix is conducted to find the overall accuracy of the system. A total 100 images are used during testing and the system achieved over 92.4% of the average accuracy for detection and recognition of the speed limit signs. |
399,793 | Please write an abstract with title: First performance evaluation of MexSiC - a readout ASIC for analog SiPM based Cherenkov detectors, and key words: Data acquisition, Field programmable gate arrays, Photomultipliers, Modulation, Light emitting diodes, Shape. Abstract: The systems based on silicon photomultipliers have become an excellent option to work in several fields, from astrophysics to medical applications. They can replace the traditional photomultiplier tubes due to the fact that they need much lower operational voltages (between 24 and 80 V), their price is more accessible and their high immunity to magnetic fields, simultaneously enabling near single-photon counting capability alongside nanosecond time resolutions. Moreover, their photon detection efficiency is higher than 40% at peak wavelengths (in the blue-green visible part of the spectra). This work describes the design process and first evaluation of an application specific integrated circuit for acquisition and processing of silicon photomultiplier originated analog signals, fabricated in a 180 nm commercial CMOS technology yielding information regarding signal triggering time, time over threshold, amount of charge, as well as the digitized original signal shape. |
399,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on online cloud storage technology, and key words: Cloud computing, Servers, Computer architecture, Arrays, Web and internet services, Hard disks, Load management. Abstract: Cloud computing is a popular concept nowadays is rapidly plays an important role in all walks of life to seize. As a typical application of SaaS, online cloud storage provides cloud data storage and handling, the major Internet companies are facing the public with their cloud network disk, the user can be your own file upload to the cloud, and then will be able to access these files from a variety of devices and locations. Cloud network disk in the technology still need to consider quite a lot of problems, such as user authentication, physical data storage, space compression. At the same time, users are increasingly concerned about the privacy issues, data reliability issues and how to profit is also a need to consider the object. Through understanding to personal online cloud storage implementation may be met, by reading the relevant information and documents, and combined with the knowledge learned in daily study, from a certain extent, put forward the corresponding solutions. |
399,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Unconventional processing technique for ceramic materials, and key words: Electromagnetic heating, Microwave ovens, Temperature, Microwave theory and techniques, Powders, Chemicals, Firing, Ceramics industry, Mechanical factors, Microstructure. Abstract: The paper presents the experiments developed in order to establish an improved processing technique for ceramic materials, characterized by low temperature and short heating time. The aims are the enhancement of electrical and mechanical properties, when compared to the ceramics prepared by conventional sintering process. The advantages of the new technique based on microwaves were evidenced. |
399,796 | Please write an abstract with title: Successive interference cancellation in CDMA systems: log-likelihood ratio approach, and key words: Interference cancellation, Multiaccess communication, Silicon carbide, Multiuser detection, Error probability, AWGN, Channel estimation, Binary phase shift keying, Random variables, Maximum a posteriori estimation. Abstract: We propose a new successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme that cancels the interference in order of the magnitude of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) in CDMA systems. The motivation is that it provides the reliability information on the maximum a posteriori decision. As a result, the error propagation associated with a wrong data detection can be minimized and the resulting error probability for the remaining users can be reduced. We show that the LLR-ordered SIC outperforms the traditional SNR-ordered SIC significantly. Non-binary signaling and the effect of channel estimation errors are discussed |
399,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Power controlled multiple access control for wireless access nets, and key words: Access control, Spine, Resource management, Throughput, Media Access Protocol, Access protocols, Power control, Energy consumption, Algorithm design and analysis, Scheduling algorithm. Abstract: In this paper, we develop and investigate a new joint power controlled medium access control (MAC) algorithm for wireless access nets (ANets). In an ANet, the user nodes are associated with a single central node (backbone node) that serves to allocate and manage their resources. Under our new protocol, the net backbone node (BN) instructs the ANet nodes to make power control adjustments while simultaneously allocating to them slots for the requested transmission of their packets. Our algorithm leads to significant increase in the net throughput level by attaining high spatial reuse while striving to reduce power consumption in that nodes only employ the power levels required to reach their designated destinations. By introducing fair queuing and scheduling elements, we demonstrate the ability of our algorithm to support fairness in our scheduling. Two different methodologies for incorporation of fairness are proposed. We demonstrate the throughput and delay vs. fairness trade-off behavior of our new protocol. |
399,798 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Application of Network Visualization Technology in the Health Care of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and key words: Visualization, Smart cities, Dynamics, Data visualization, Viscera, Medical services, Software systems. Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine health and rehabilitation system is the effective integration of traditional Chinese medicine health and rehabilitation and modern information technology, with the help of information technology to carry forward the concept and means of Chinese medicine health and rehabilitation. In order to introduce more about the modern health care and rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper comprehensively summarizes the application of multimedia technology in the health care and rehabilitation teaching of traditional Chinese medicine, the application of database technology, network technology and management information system in the actual health care and rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine, and provides the dynamic visualization of the health care data mining results of traditional Chinese medicine according to the process of data collection, data analysis and data display implementation. The scheme can generate interactive and scalable dynamic visual force map, thus providing a new and available tool for the research of Chinese medicine health preservation. |
399,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Optically Transparent Adhesives for Microwave Metamaterial Absorber With PET–PDMS Interface, and key words: Surface treatment, Plasmas, Metamaterials, Antenna measurements, Optical device fabrication, Microwave measurement, Plastics. Abstract: Bonding of the heterogeneous layers of polymers as a trilayered (or multilayered) transparent metamaterial absorber (MA) is challenging, since the hydrophobic nature of interfacial surfaces does not allow direct bonding. Apart from the mechanical challenges to bond, microwave and optical functionalities of the chosen material need to be studied quantitatively for an optimal choice. Therefore, simulations are performed to study the effect of dielectric constant and thickness of adhesive on the microwave characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microwave MA (MMA). Composites of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES) that address the need for strongly adhesive yet transparent in optical regime and non-interacting in the microwave regime have been developed. Lap-shear tests with plasma-treated PET–PDMS adherends demonstrated to have lap-shear adhesion strengths greater than 0.21 MPa. The optical transmittance of electromagnetic (EM) waves through MA after being adhered with glue is 74.9%. A numerical analysis shows that the proposed microwave absorber absorbs more than 90% of EM waves within the range of 7.97–20.72 GHz after an additional layer of optimal adhesive, which is validated through experiments conducted in anechoic measurements. |
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