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200 | Please write an abstract with title: How to reduce industrial systems maintenance cost through an optimised troubleshooting process, and key words: Cost function, Maintenance, Fault diagnosis, Monte Carlo methods, Stochastic systems, Engines, Failure analysis, System testing. Abstract: When traditional or innovative maintenance policies are applied, the effectiveness of the actions carried out is highly influenced by the possibilities to isolate in the shortest time the faulted items. Fault isolation is directly related to the troubleshooting process adopted and impacts on the time needed to carry out the maintenance actions. Through the adoption of suitable maintenance policies, supported by an effective troubleshooting process, the mean time to repair of the single equipment can be reduced, system availability increased and the life cycle cost of the whole system decreased. In this paper the authors present a modelling procedure, based on Monte Carlo method for generating failure occurrence times of basic items, to simulate the troubleshooting process and to identify optimal solutions taking into account an a priori defined cost function. Such probabilistic approach has been applied to a case study and the results are presented and discussed in the paper. |
201 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Companies Based on Fuzzy Levels of Innovation, and key words: Economics, Fuzzy sets, Technological innovation, Biological system modeling, Entrepreneurship, Companies, Fuzzy systems. Abstract: Startups are defined in the literature as newly established enterprises that are looking for a chance for further dynamic development. In the Polish economy in recent years, we have witnessed a significant increase in the number of startups, which allows us to use the potential of Polish entrepreneurship for economic development. Startups are a key factor in many innovative economies. Young companies contribute to the dynamic growth of the economy. More boldly than mature entities, they reach for innovative technological solutions, producing digital products and services under conditions of increased risk. Startups can develop based on proven methodologies, have many opportunities to raise capital and use many sources of financing, but not all of them take advantage of the opportunities available on the market.In the proposed innovative approach, we focus on data from entrepreneurs themselves. The results of surveys conducted among a large group of enterprises, including startups supported by startup platforms, allowed for the development of fuzzy classification models. The use of fuzzy sets to determine the degree of development of a startup based on the degrees of membership to individual classifiers allowed for the achievement of a very high efficiency of the model. Moreover, the application of the classic forms of the membership function poses no problems with the correct interpretation of the obtained results by people who are not experts in the use of fuzzy sets. The obtained results indicate the enormous potential of interdisciplinary research and the promotion of the idea of using fuzzy sets in economics and management sciences. |
202 | Please write an abstract with title: Protecting Virtual Programmable Switches from Cross-App Poisoning (CAP) Attacks, and key words: Toxicology, Control systems, Software defined networking. Abstract: Cross-App Poisoning (CAP) is an emerging class of network integrity attacks against Software Defined Networking (SDN). In a CAP attack, a malicious app poison shared data objects maintained by the controller, thus co-opting legitimate apps into carrying out bogus actions that the malicious app itself cannot perform due to insufficient privileges. Existing solutions, such as ProvSDN, demonstrated that Information Flow Control (IFC) can track and thus prevent such attacks. However, these solutions cannot prevent CAP attacks in networks where malicious apps can take advantage of programmable virtual switches to bypass IFC. In this paper, we propose Virtual Information Flow Control (vIFC), a solution for defending against CAP attacks that exploit virtual switches to obfuscate malicious information flow. vIFC has shown high effectivity while posing low performance overhead. We also propose a policy model that offers flexibility to the network manager to determine IFC between apps running on multiple controllers. |
203 | Please write an abstract with title: Artifact Identification in Digital Histopathology Images Using Few-Shot Learning, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Histopathology, Transfer learning, Training data, Classification algorithms, Task analysis. Abstract: The advent of deep learning methods has led to breakthroughs in many digital histopathology image analysis tasks. However, automatic analysis is often impacted by the presence of various artifacts introduced during different tissue and slide processing stages. Therefore, it is desirable to have a generic artifacts identification algorithm to automatically exclude the artifacts regions in the downstream analysis. In this paper, considering the wide diversity of artifacts that present in histopathology images, and the difficulty to obtain a large amount of training data, we frame the artifacts identification task as a tile-based image classification problem and explore the feasibility of using a few-shot learning technique, specifically, prototypical network, for the task. We demonstrate that the use of prototypical network can effectively identify image tiles that contain various artifacts using a very small set of training images. The trained model is also able to generalize well to unseen artifacts. We validate the approach by applying it on both immunohistochemistry and H&E stained tissues images, showing that it is a more favorable approach compared to standard transfer learning for this application. |
204 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of fading correlation and time delay on the performance of scan and wait combining, and key words: Fading, Delay effects, Diversity reception, Switches, Delay estimation, Performance analysis, Propulsion, Laboratories, Channel estimation, Probability. Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of correlated fading and outdated channel estimation on scan and wait combining (SWC) which is an alternative form of switch and examine combining (SEC). With this scheme, the combiner waits for one channel coherence time if all the available diversity paths fail to meet a predetermined minimum quality requirement. The scanning through the available diversity paths followed by waiting is repeated indefinitely until a path with an acceptable quality is found. This paper looks into the average probability of error, delay statistics, and the number of diversity paths estimated per channel access of these SWC diversity systems when correlation and outdated channel estimates are taken into account. Selected numerical examples compare the performance results of SWC with traditional SEC along with the corresponding complexity and delay statistics. |
205 | Please write an abstract with title: A simulation approach to balancing annual risk and reward in retail electrical power markets, and key words: Power markets, Uncertainty, Contracts, Analytical models, Risk analysis, Power generation, Power supplies, Statistical analysis, Load forecasting, Probability distribution. Abstract: Retail electrical power marketers, also known as retailers, typically set up contracts with suppliers to secure electricity at fixed prices on the one hand and with end users to meet their load requirements at agreed upon rates on the other hand. Providing future load requirements accurately to the suppliers is an integral part of these supply contracts. In this paper, we analyze a series of retailer strategies to determine future loads using simulation at the hourly level for a simulated year (8760 hr). We provide numerical results based on actual data for the PJM market and provide insights into these retailer strategies. |
206 | Please write an abstract with title: Decision Support in Real Estate Investment by Portfolio Theory, and key words: Decision making, Informatics, Portfolios, Optimization, Investment. Abstract: Quantitative approach is developed for decision making in investments in real estates. The decision making is based on formal model of portfolio theory. The process of decision making is based on definition and solution of a set of portfolio optimization problems. The developed formalization of decision making is illustrated with real data of the real estate market in Bulgaria. The National and regional markets in Bulgariaaare analyzed. Optimal investment solutions in old and/or new real estates are evaluated. |
207 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of an immuno-genetic network on a real Khepera II robot, and key words: Navigation, Robot sensing systems, Robot kinematics, Mobile robots, Robotics and automation, Service robots, Computer networks, Evolutionary computation, Genetics, Organisms. Abstract: The design of autonomous navigation systems for mobile robots, with simultaneous objectives to be satisfied such as garbage collection with integrity maintenance, requires refined coordination mechanisms to deal with modules of elementary behaviour. This paper shows the implementation on a real Khepera II robot of an immuno-genetic network for autonomous navigation that combines an evolutionary algorithm with a continuous immune network model. The proposed immuno-genetic system has the immune network implementing a dynamic process of decision-making, and the evolutionary algorithm defining the network structure. To be able to evaluate the controllers (immune networks) on the evolutionary process, a virtual environment was used for computer simulation, based on the characteristics of the navigation problem. The immune networks obtained by evolution were then analyzed and tested on new situations, presenting coordination capability in simple and more complex tasks. Some preliminary experiments on a real Khepera II robot demonstrate the feasibility of the evolved immune networks. |
208 | Please write an abstract with title: Auto-Weighted Incomplete Multi-View Clustering, and key words: Clustering methods, Weight measurement, Linear programming, Web pages, Laplace equations, Indexes. Abstract: Nowadays, multi-view clustering has attracted more and more attention, which provides a way to partition multi-view data into their corresponding clusters. Previous studies assume that each data instance appears in all views. However, in real-world applications, it is common that each view may contain some missing data instances, resulting in incomplete multi-view data. To address the incomplete multi-view clustering problem, we will propose an auto-weighted incomplete multi-view clustering method in this paper, which learns a common representation of the instances and an affinity matrix of the learned representation simultaneously in a unified framework. Learning the affinity matrix of the representation guides to learn a more discriminative and compact consensus representation for clustering. Moreover, by considering the impact of the significance of different views, an adaptive weighting strategy is designed to measure the importance of each view. An efficient iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize the objective function. Experimental results on various real-world datasets show that the proposed method can improve the clustering performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods in most cases. |
209 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing input signals to disrupt commercial systems in band - a nonlinear dynamics approach, and key words: Signal design, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Phase locked loops, Circuit testing, Nonlinear systems, Chaos, System testing, System analysis and design, Circuit analysis, Bandwidth. Abstract: Describes a method for disrupting a standard, commercially available, nonlinear electronic system. In particular, we show how, with relatively little knowledge of the commercial system design, an in-band signal can be determined which will disrupt the operation of the circuit. Our approach is based on a nonlinear analysis of the most susceptible subsystem in the circuit. Analytical, numerical, and experimental results are reported to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. |
210 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Energy Resources Based Microgrid: Review of Architecture, Control, and Reliability, and key words: Microgrids, Voltage control, Frequency control, Reliability, Power system reliability, Reactive power, Power quality. Abstract: To accomplish feasible large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into the existing grid system, microgrid implementation has proven to be the most effective. This article reviews the vital aspects of DER based microgrid and presents simulations to investigate the impacts of DER sources, electric vehicles (EV), and energy storage system (ESS) on practicable architectures' resilient operation. The focus is primarily on the concept and definition of microgrid, comparison of control strategies (primary, secondary, and tertiary strategies), energy management strategies, power quality (PQ) issues associated with DER based microgrid, and state-of-the-art entities such as ESS and EV's applications toward microgrid reliability. Following discussion on the different attributes of DER sources-based microgrid, simulations are performed to verify the results of the past works on the effects of solar, wind energy sources, ESS, and EVs on the microgrid frequency response. Additional simulations are conducted to assess the influences of DERs, ESS, EVs, and their operational strategies on the microgrid reliability aspects. |
211 | Please write an abstract with title: A performance optimized CMOS distributed LNA for UWB receivers, and key words: Bandwidth, Inductors, Noise reduction, Circuit noise, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, MOSFETs, Gain measurement, Noise measurement, Noise figure. Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a performance-optimized LNA circuit targeted for UWB receivers. The systematic design of a CMOS distributed LNA circuit comprising cascode cells is illustrated. Each cascode cell employs an inductor between the common-source and common-gate devices to enhance the bandwidth, while reducing the high-frequency input-referred noise. A three-stage performance optimized LNA has been fabricated in Jazz's sbc18 0.18/spl mu/m SiGe process, while using MOS transistors only. Measurements of the LNA circuit show a 2.9-dB noise figure and a forward gain of 8dB over the 7.5GHz UWB bandwidth. The circuit exhibits an IIP3 of -3.4dBm. |
212 | Please write an abstract with title: Semi-Supervised Prototype Network with CBAM and Data Selector for Few-Shot Bearing Fault Diagnosis, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Measurement, Learning systems, Industries, Prototypes, Machine learning, Feature extraction. Abstract: In this paper, an improved semi-supervised prototypical network method is proposed to improve the performance of the bearing fault diagnosis model in the context of data scarcity. Firstly, a metric-based meta-learning method, the prototype network model, is introduced to train a general fault feature learner. And an attention mechanism module is introduced to the model to better extract the fault features of bearings. Secondly, unlabeled fault data are utilized to tune the original prototype in a semi-supervised manner to improve the performance of the model. Thirdly, to reduce the disturbing influence of new classes of data in unlabeled samples on prototypes, a data selector is designed in the semi-supervised model. The proposed method is verified on the public bearing fault dataset, and outperforms the common machine learning methods and meta learning methods. |
213 | Please write an abstract with title: Predictive Energy Management for an Electric Vehicle with Fuel Cell Range Extender in Connected Traffic Systems, and key words: Power supplies, Computational modeling, Fuel cells, Electric vehicles, Real-time systems, Energy management, Optimization. Abstract: This paper presents the design of a predictive energy management (pEEM) for an automated electric vehicle with fuel cell range extender in connected traffics systems. An essential task of the pEEM is the optimization of the power supply by a controlled power distribution to battery and fuel cell for the entire journey to minimize energy losses considering restrictions by operating limits or available energy. To solve this optimization problem, a nonlinear model predictive control structure is designed, since it considers the future system behavior on the one hand and is excellently suited for the integration of constraints or restrictions on the other hand. This control structure consists of several model predictive controllers (MPC), which cover different time horizons with different sampling times in a time cascaded structure. This structure reduces the accuracy of time periods far in the future, which are subject to high uncertainty. Furthermore, the computational effort is considerably reduced, so that a realization under real-time conditions is possible. The paper concludes with an exemplary application of power supply that demonstrates the functionality of the pEEM both in simulation and under real-time conditions on a HiL test bench. |
214 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of a Lightning Protective Area through the Protective Angle Method and the Rolling Sphere Method, and key words: Electrical engineering, Correlation, Lightning protection, Mathematical model, IEC Standards, Standards. Abstract: The protective angle method (PAM) and the rolling sphere method (RSM) are the popular lightning protection concepts for the impact avoidance of a lightning flash by using the installation of a vertical conducting rod (or Air termination) which can appropriately be utilized to analyze the external lightning protection. Moreover, these methods (PAM & RSM) are approved through the international standard IEC62305. Especially, the lightning protective area (LPA) is demonstrated if and only if the vertical conducting rod is installed which directly concerns the PAM and RSM respectively. However, the LPA of PAM and RSM are different configurations. As mentioned above, this article presents the simulation and comparison result of the lightning protective area (LPA) between the protective angle method (PAM) and the rolling sphere method (RSM). Also, the mathematical correlations of the LPA based on PAM & RSM are clearly shown for evaluation in this article. |
215 | Please write an abstract with title: Sparus II AUV as a Sensor Suite for Underwater Archaeology: Falconera Cave Experiments, and key words: Meters, Surfaces, Robot sensing systems, Water pollution, Trajectory, Sea measurements, Europe. Abstract: The present work tries to improve the topographical and prospective methodology applied to underwater archaeology, as well as the different technical tools used in the study of submerged caves, using as a experimental site one of the most contaminated and dangerous submerged caves in Europe called Falconera Cave (Sitges, Barcelona). The results have shown that the application of traditional procedures together with the use of the Sparus II Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) equipped with a multibeam echosounder represent the best technical solution for georeferencing in this submerged archaeological contexts. |
216 | Please write an abstract with title: Zero-Shot Normalization Driven Multi-Speaker Text to Speech Synthesis, and key words: Speech, Adaptation models, Speech synthesis, Training, Decoding, Transformers, Analytical models. Abstract: Text-to-speech (TTS) systems are designed to synthesize natural and expressive speech, adapt to an unseen voice, and capture the speaking style of an unseen speaker by converting text into speech. The introduction of an unseen speaker’s speaking style into a TTS system offers a wide range of application scenarios, including personal assistant, news broadcast, and audio navigation, among others. The style of the speech varies from person to person and every person exhibits his or her style of speaking that is determined by the language, demography, culture and other factors. Style is best captured by the prosody of a signal. It is an ongoing research area with numerous real-world applications that produces high-quality multi-speaker voice synthesis while taking into account prosody and in a zero-shot manner. Despite the fact that several efforts have been made in this area, it continues to be an interesting and difficult topic to solve. In this paper, we present a novel zero-shot multi-speaker speech synthesis approach (ZSM-SS) that leverages the normalization architecture and speaker encoder with non-autoregressive multi-head attention driven encoder-decoder architecture. Given an input text and a reference speech sample of an unseen person, ZSM-SS can generate speech in that person’s style in a zero-shot manner. Additionally, we demonstrate how the affine parameters of normalization help in capturing the prosodic features such as energy and fundamental frequency in a disentangled fashion and can be used to generate morphed speech output. We generate the 256 dimensional speaker embedding using a speaker encoder based on wav2vec2.0 based architecture. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed architecture on multi-speaker VCTK [1] and LibriTTS [2] datasets, using visualization of hessian of proposed model, multiple quantitative metrics that measure generated speech distortion and MOS, along with speaker embedding analysis of the proposed speaker encoder model. |
217 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal PI controller tuning for dynamic TITO systems with rate-limiters based on parallel grid search, and key words: PI control, Aerospace electronics, Performance analysis, Nonlinear systems, Tuning, Optimization. Abstract: As dynamic nonlinearities, rate-limiters make it difficult to obtain globally optimal parameters for proportional-integral (PI) controllers to optimize a given control performance index. This paper proposes a parallel grid-search method to determine optimal PI controller parameters. First, the latent parameter set is formulated subject to feasible ranges and search steps for controller parameters. Second, values of the control performance index are calculated for all members in the latent parameter set. The parameters corresponding to the best control performance index are determined as optimal PI controller parameters. Parallel computations at multi-core CPUs are exploited to ensure all required computations to be completed within a given time span. Numerical and experimental examples are provided to support the proposed method. |
218 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time traffic-data analysis, and key words: Vehicle detection, XML, Displays, Vehicles, Temperature sensors, Humans, Pattern analysis, Monitoring, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor systems. Abstract: We describe a method for real-time monitoring of data generated by traffic sensors. We provide a system architecture and discuss three key components: (1) a streaming query processor that is used to reduce the volume of data; (2) a pattern-matching module that is used to detect when a developing traffic situation resembles one flagged earlier; and (3) an interface that efficiently displays the stream of sensor data in a user-configurable manner. |
219 | Please write an abstract with title: Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Generating Communicative Robot Gestures, and key words: Conferences, Natural languages, Generative adversarial networks, Data models, Convolutional neural networks, Robots. Abstract: Non-verbal behaviors have an indispensable role for social robots, which help them to interact with humans in a facile and transparent way. Especially, communicative gestures allow robots to have the capability of using bodily expressions for emphasizing the meaning of their speech, describing something, or showing clear intention. This paper presents an approach to learn the synthesis of human actions and natural language. The generative framework is inspired by Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN), and it makes use of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the Action Encoder/Decoder for action representation. The experimental and comparative results verified the efficiency of the proposed approach to produce human actions synthesized with text descriptions. Finally, through the Transformation model, the generated data were converted to a set of joint angles of the target robot, being the robot’s communicative gestures. By employing the generated human-like actions for robots, it suggests that robots’ social cues could be more understandable by humans. |
220 | Please write an abstract with title: A Survey on System Configurations of Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) Systems, and key words: Wireless communication, Costs, Radar, Interference, Hardware, Sensors, Information and communication technology. Abstract: Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is one of the promising technologies for future wireless communication systems. The ISAC is expected to mitigate the interference between the communication and radar systems and the scarce frequency band resources problem. By integrating two heterogeneous systems, namely a radar system and a communication system, the hardware cost can be reduced compared to implementing the individual systems. In this study, the ISAC systems are surveyed and categorized by the system configurations: ISAC, sensing target, and communication users. With the related work, each case is discussed. Further recent work on ISAC is then introduced with the current challenges. |
221 | Please write an abstract with title: Bluetooth: a new era of connectivity, and key words: Bluetooth, Personal area networks, Frequency synchronization, Master-slave, Spread spectrum communication, Frequency conversion, Joining processes, Radio link, Communication channels, Interference. Abstract: The seemingly endless entanglement of data wires connecting today's electronic devices has become slightly less jumbled with the introduction. of Bluetooth technology and the creation of a wireless data link. If Bluetooth development can advance without having to confront any major hurdles, it will be poised to revolutionize and simplify the way in which electronic devices interact with one another. |
222 | Please write an abstract with title: A KLMS Dual Control Chart Based on Dynamic Nearest Neighbor Kernel Space, and key words: Monitoring, Correlation, Kernel, Control charts, Adaptation models, Principal component analysis, Informatics. Abstract: Traditional projection dynamic monitoring methods focus on simultaneously decoupling the correlations among the process variables and the autocorrelations of the variables, which leads to a mixing problem of the two correlations. The mixing problem decreases the ability to model the dynamic correlations, thus decreasing the detection rates (DRs) of some faults. Considering that the projection matrix may cause the mixing of the two correlations, this article proposes a dynamic monitoring method based on directly monitoring original variables. This article first adopts the kernel least-mean-squares (KLMS) method to establish a univariate dynamic model, then adopts the univariate dynamic model and the dual control chart (DCC) to build the multivariate direct monitoring method, which is named the KL2C method (KL represents KLMS and 2 C represents DCC). Then, the dynamic nearest neighbor kernel space (DNNKS) is proposed to overcome the redundant dimensions problem of the KL2C method, which is named the DKL2C method (D represents DNNKS). Furthermore, based on the joint control chart, this article puts forward a dynamic monitoring method of two sequences, which both considers the advantages of the projection dynamic monitoring method and the direct dynamic monitoring method together. Finally, this article utilizes the Tennessee Eastman process and the continuously stirred tank reactor process to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. |
223 | Please write an abstract with title: Cross education and the human central nervous system, and key words: Humans, Central nervous system, Muscles, Electromyography, Psychology, Leg, Magnetic stimulation, Spinal cord injury, Neuromuscular, Knee. Abstract: Chronic unilateral motor activity affects the motor output of the contralateral homologous muscle. Such adaptation, or "cross education," indicates an organizational and functional role for the contralateral elements of the central nervous system. In this article, cross education is used as a model to examine this contralateral organization of the human central nervous system. The possibility of whether there are direct changes in the excitability of transcallosal paths and whether, linked to these changes, there are indirect modulations in the excitability of contralateral corticospinal projections is examined. The paper also explores the possibility that there is a spinal component in cross education. The study observed that there is an abundance of evidence to suggest that chronic activation of muscles on one side of the body produces adaptations in the same muscles on the other side of the body in healthy adults as well as in individuals with a variety of pathologies. Data inferred from cross-sectional studies make it likely that interhemispheric and spinal paths both contribute to cross education. Although interhemispheric callosal paths in humans are moderate to dense with the majority of the interhemispheric connections being inhibitory, the connections between the homologous muscles tend to be excitatory, providing a neuroanatomical basis for cross education. The possibility exists that the effects of unilateral practice on interhemispheric inhibition and on the excitability of the contralateral corticospinal projections are linked, and these effects are graded according to the nature of muscle activation. The possibility also exists that cross education is mediated by cross-spinal paths. Cutaneous stimulation appears to exert strong excitatory effects on contralateral motor neurons. In total, an understanding of interhemispheric interactions in the human motor cortex may shed light on the mechanisms of motor learning and the coordination of bilateral movements and improve methods of therapeutic rehabilitation. |
224 | Please write an abstract with title: Flower perception using Convolution Neural Networks based Escalation of Transfer learning, and key words: Training, Shape, Convolution, Transfer learning, Neural networks, Internet, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Flowers are one of the most beautiful creations ever made by god, with a plenty of different varieties and hues to choose from. A botanist with extensive knowledge and abilities is required to identify each of them. As there is a very large number of species of flower which resemble the same in shape, look, or surrounding items like the shape of the leaves and the grass, flower categorization is a difficult undertaking? Flower recognition is a significant problem that can be solved manually by specialists, but it takes a long time and is consequently inefficient. As a result, automatic plant recognition is a vital topic of study. In this technologically advanced era, artificial intelligence is being used to solve real-world problems, making the seemingly impossible conceivable. In this study, using CNN with transfer learning to improve floral recognition ability is suggested. The dataset contains 3670 photos of various flowers, with 2934 (75%) images used for training and 736 (25%) images used for testing. The images are divided into 26 classes. Experiments with a dataset of flowers reveal that the suggested model outperforms alternative classification approaches such as CNN, Alex Net, and Google Net. |
225 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a bioinspired cable driven actuator with clutched elastic elements for the ankle, and key words: Performance evaluation, Actuators, Torque, Biological system modeling, Pulleys, Force, MIMICs. Abstract: Bioinspiration can be used to improve the efficiency of these assistive biomechatronic devices. In this paper, a cable driven actuator for the human ankle was designed using a bioinspired approach. The torque reduction was achieved by means of force amplifying elements such as cables with pulley, and, to reduce the power requirements for the motor, the actuator mimics a muscle using a clutched parallel elastic element. The simulations to validate the model were performed using real gait data and the results prove the viability of the device to be used in anthropomorphic legs and exoskeletons. Although the losses due to friction were not considered, the simulations showed a reduction of 60% in the force peak and 40% in the power peak. |
226 | Please write an abstract with title: An Ideal Refractive-Index-Distribution and Mode Filter for Band Broadening of Multimode Optical Fiber, and key words: Optical refraction, Optical fiber filters, Optical fibers, Delay, Refractive index, Optical fiber communication, Bandwidth, Propagation constant, Optical pulses, Boundary conditions. Abstract: The focusing fiber whose refractive index distribution has the valley at the periphery of the core, as the ideal index distribution with respect to the bandwidth, is analyzed exactly, by which the group delay spread caused by the core-cladding boundary can be eliminated, and, therefore, the bandwidth can be broadened. |
227 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Image Feature Extraction and Matching Algorithms for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, and key words: Visualization, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Gaussian noise, Buildings, Lighting, Estimation, Feature extraction. Abstract: Feature point extraction and matching are the key modules in the front-end of visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), which determines the accuracy of locating and map Nbuilding robots. To obtain a good performance, the image extraction algorithm being applied should have high efficiency and robustness to the changes of the surrounding environment. In this paper, three widely used feature extraction algorithms, namely Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), speed up robust features (SURF) and oriented FAST, and rotated BRIEF (ORB), are studied. The basic concepts and details of the three algorithms are introduced. Then the execution time of the three algorithms is compared to evaluate their efficiency. Meanwhile, the key points matching rate of the three algorithms are compared under various transformations and distortions. The experiment results show that ORB has higher efficiency than SIFT and SURF. However, SIFT has better robustness to image rotation, illumination change, scaling transformation, Gaussian noise and salt-and-pepper noise. In addition, the performance of the ORB-SLAM system is tested on different datasets. It has great ability in camera trajectory estimation and map building and therefore is suitable for deploying in industry. |
228 | Please write an abstract with title: SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF URBAN GREENERY PHENOLOGY IN DOWNTOWN BEIJING AT METER TO KILOMETER SCALES, and key words: Earth, Artificial satellites, Green products, Satellite broadcasting, Vegetation mapping, Vegetation, Planning. Abstract: To precisely describe the dynamics of vegetation cover in high-density urban areas, this study evaluates the spatial and temporal consistency of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from multiple satellite data sources. The study areas of Downtown Beijing target at two scales: the district scale, and the neighborhood scale. Results show that Planet, Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and MODIS share a similar spatial pattern; Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and MODIS correlate in the temporal change of NDVI at both spatial scales in 2019, but AVHRR does not present useful information of spatial patterns of urban green space or urban vegetation dynamics at these two scales. Seasonal contrast derived from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 can be visualized through seasonal variation ratio to assist urban green space planning. This study highlights the usefulness of existing satellite observations in monitoring a variety of urban greening typologies at the neighborhood scale for improving urban environmental planning. |
229 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple output AC/DC converter with an internal DC UPS, and key words: DC-DC power converters, Uninterruptible power systems, Power supplies, Voltage, Batteries, AC generators, DC generators, Power generation, Feeds, Topology. Abstract: The usual way to avoid a computer shutdown during a mains failure is to connect an ac uninterruptible power system (UPS). However, there are other possibilities, such as using a dc UPS to obtain the dc output voltages directly from the battery instead of generating an ac voltage to feed the whole power supply. Thus, the topology must operate either from the ac mains or from a battery. A complete design of an ac/dc power supply with an internal dc UPS is presented in this paper. The solution is based on the coupling of the UPS to the main transformer. Moreover, the power supply meets all the requirements needed to be used as an Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX) PC power supply-multiple outputs, power and voltage ratings, size, protections, etc. A prototype has been fully developed and tested as a PC power supply. The autonomy achieved at full power is around 7 minutes. |
230 | Please write an abstract with title: Practical Training for Development and Programming of Embedded Systems, and key words: Training, Microcontrollers, Linux, Tutorials, Manuals, Programming, Timing. Abstract: The paper presents the possibility of creating and programming embedded systems in C and assembly in a bachelor's course for university students. The aim of the teaching activities is not only to acquaint students with the structure and possibilities of embedded systems, but above all to attract students outside the university, within their private hobby projects. For this reason, the paper describes available tools, at no cost, for all major development platforms. Curricula, materials, tutorials, demonstrations and libraries in C were designed and made available to the general public in the GitHub repository. |
231 | Please write an abstract with title: New public key techniques based on double discrete logarithm problem, and key words: Public key, Public key cryptography, Polynomials, Information security. Abstract: This paper introduces three new public key algorithms . The main one-way trapdoor functions of these algorithms are the double discrete logarithm problem (DDLP) and the integer factorization problem (IFP).The first proposed algorithm depends on the DDLP while the second and third proposed algorithms depend simultaneously on both the DDLP and the IFP. The validity of these algorithms is proven by applying to messages that are either an integer or a text and returning the original message in various numerical examples. The proposed cryptosystems have many advantages that are explained in details. |
232 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Sensor Surveillance System Based on Integrated Video Analytics, and key words: Surveillance, Sensors, Sensor systems, Cameras, Visual analytics, Security, Feature extraction. Abstract: Image-based sensing is a powerful source of information for a wide range of applications such as surveillance, monitoring, and automation. The volume of data collected by surveillance devices is enormous; therefore, images are processed to extract application-driven data, moreover, centralized processing is unfeasible when several cameras are distributed across broad geographical regions. In such scenario, with processing limitations and bandwidth availability being important restrictions, an automated process is required for extracting meaningful information from the collected data during surveillance process and reducing operator fatigue. The proposed design, which continuously processes the image stream to meet real-time requirements, provides integrated video analytics with enhancement, panoramic views, and automated motion detection. This system enhances pictorial information for human interpretation and analyzes scene data using machine-vision modules. These features aid in the use of surveillance system for continuous monitoring of border areas without the need for human intervention under adverse-weather conditions. The proposed system architecture is based on distributed video-analytics using visual and infrared-band sensors. The system has a visual detection range of 5 km with 80% detection probability for a 2.3 m X 2.3 m target under standard clear visibility conditions. The preliminary results indicate that the system is capable of processing up to 25 video frames per second. Additionally, the implemented system records data for post-analysis and uses video analytics to reduce the bandwidth requirement of communication link. Finally, this system can be distinguished because it is flexible, compact, affordable, and scalable, and therefore, can be considered for monitoring and surveillance. |
233 | Please write an abstract with title: An Analysis of International Conference Proceedings on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) from 2008 to 2020: A Data-Mining Mapping Analysis, and key words: Electronic learning, Education, Government, Collaboration, Data visualization, Market research, Information and communication technology. Abstract: This paper analyzes the proceedings of 13 international conferences on Artificial General Intelligence AGI, that are part of the lecture notes in artificial intelligence. The motivation for this study is to explore the publication networks and areas where AGI could be useful to Information & Communication Technology ICT in education. SPSS and Microsoft Excel were used to enter, screen, clean and visualize the analysis of the data. Furthermore, all published proceedings were uploaded into Voyant Tools and VOSviewer for data mining and visualization. After obtaining the most frequently used keywords and terms, certain patterns lead to trends in the research on AGI. The analysis leads to discussions and suggestions of possible opportunities where AGI may be integrated with education to assist people with or without a disability. The contribution of the study is in the overall mapping analysis of the conference proceedings, which would inspire further exploration and collaboration with potential scholars, institutions, and countries. |
234 | Please write an abstract with title: E-Government Accessibility in Ecuador: A Preliminary Evaluation, and key words: Tools, Electronic government, Guidelines, Portals, Security, Sociology. Abstract: The National Council for Equal Disabilities of Ecuador reports that there are 471,020 citizens with disabilities registered in the country. This represents the 2.75% of the population. From them, 290,148 are adult citizens who are potential beneficiaries of accessible public websites. In 2016, the Ecuadorian Institute for Standardization published the Ecuadorian technical regulation RTE INEN 288 that applies to web content published on public and private Ecuadorian websites that provide public services. The regulation establishes that the level of conformity A of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) version 2.0 must have been fully satisfied by 2018 and the level AA should be complied by August 2020. Soon, this regulation should be updated to the current version 2.1 published in June 2018. This study presents the results of a preliminary evaluation carried out with a sample of the five most visited Ecuadorian e-Government websites that provide online services to citizens. Two automated web accessibility evaluation tools were used: WAVE and Cynthia Says. The results reveal that all the evaluated websites have accessibility issues and fail to comply with the Ecuadorian regulation. The three most recurrent accessibility errors were a lack of alternative texts (WCAG Success Criteria 1.1.1 Non-text Content, Level A) and empty links (WCAG Success Criteria 2.4.4 Link Purpose, Level A). Overall, 74.8% of the issues found corresponded to Level A while 25.2% corresponded to Level AA. |
235 | Please write an abstract with title: Functional Role of the HCN4 Encoded ‘Funny Current’ in Human Sinus Node Pacemaker Cells, and key words: Computational modeling, Pacemakers, Membrane potentials, Modulation, Voltage, Data models, Kinetic theory. Abstract: We recently reported patch clamp data on the voltage dependence of HCN4 channels expressed in human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells. Their half-activation voltage was 15 mV less negative than previously observed for the HCN4 encoded hyperpolarization-activated funny current’ <tex>$(I_{f})$</tex> in isolated human sinus node cells. The time constant of (de)activation vs. voltage relationship showed a similar less negative voltage dependence as well as a 38% higher peak. We assessed the functional effects of these differences in <tex>$I_{f}$</tex> kinetics in the Fabbri-Severi model of a single human sinus node pacemaker cell. The <tex>$+15\ mV$</tex> shift in half-activation voltage per se resulted in a substantial increase in <tex>$I_{f}$</tex>, carrying 85 vs. 59% of the net diastolic depolarizing charge, and a 14% shortening of the cycle length from 813 to 699 ms. This effect was counteracted by the time constant vs. voltage relationship, which caused a slower activation of <tex>$I_{f}$</tex> in the diastolic membrane potential range. The resulting net effect was a 5.4% shortening of the cycle length from 813 to 770 ms, with <tex>$I_{f}$</tex> carrying 59% of the net diastolic charge, and limited effects on the autonomic modulation of pacing rate by isoprenaline and acetylcholine. We conclude that the absolute value of the half-activation voltage of <tex>$I_{f}$</tex> may be less indicative of the functional role of <tex>$I_{f}$</tex> than commonly assumed. |
236 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Batch Scheduling for Open-Domain Question Answering, and key words: Training, Knowledge discovery, Adaptive scheduling, Task analysis, Internet, Encoding, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Open-domain question answering aims to get answers for given questions from a set of documents. Recently, dual encoder architecture is widely adopted to dense passage retrieval for question answering. In-batch negative sampling is typically used to gather extra negative samples during training. In this paper, we propose adaptive batch scheduling to enhance the performance of in-batch negative sampling. The proposed algorithm schedules training batches to increase the difficulty of the sampled negatives by in-batch negative sampling during training. We evaluated the proposed approach on the two well-known document retrieval benchmark datasets MSMARCO and Natural Questions. The evaluation result shows that the proposed adaptive batch scheduling could significantly improve the document retrieval performances of dual encoder architecture document retrieval systems. |
237 | Please write an abstract with title: Whale-Call Classification Based on Transfer Learning and Ensemble Method, and key words: Whales, Feature extraction, Hidden Markov models, Data models, Convolutional neural networks, Conferences, Image recognition. Abstract: Whale calls contain rich acoustic characteristics, which can fully perceive the underwater environment. The purpose of whale-call classification in complex underwater environment is not limited to the study of whale activity characteristics, but also to the study of large-scale underwater radiation noise. As an automatic feature extractor and classifier, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved remarkable success in the fields of computer vision, speech processing and natural language processing. However, the deep convolutional neural networks have not been fully utilized in underwater acoustic feature classification tasks. In the classification task of supervised learning, robust and efficient models need a large number of label data, but the acquisition of underwater acoustic radiation data is difficult, and the process of labeling data is boring and complex. In this paper, we use the method of transfer learning which can transfer the structure from the field of image classification to complete the classification of large-scale whale calls. We use five models to classify the calls from different whale populations and regions, and compare the performance of these models. Finally, an ensemble method is adopted to obtain the optimal classification effect. |
238 | Please write an abstract with title: Hydrogel-based soft pneumatic bending actuator with self-healing and proprioception capabilities, and key words: Actuators, Conferences, Soft robotics, Bending, Pneumatic systems, Robot sensing systems, Sensors. Abstract: Proprioception is a necessary skill in robots and especially complicated in soft robots. It is commonly achieved by adding an external complement to the robotic structure that acts as a sensor. In this work, we present an approach in which the material itself (a cationic network hydrogel) serves as a structure and as a curvature sensor in a soft pneumatic bending actuator. The experiments carried out validate the use of the resistive strain capacity of our hydrogel as a proprioceptive sensor. We believe that this sensing capacity, together with the high stretchability and self-healing capability of our material makes our approach an interesting alternative for the development of soft actuators. |
239 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Route Stability in Mobile Multihop Networks Under Random Waypoint Mobility, and key words: Analytical models, Mobile computing, Spread spectrum communication, Routing protocols, Stability analysis, Mobile ad hoc networks. Abstract: Analytical performance evaluation is crucial in designing mobile multihop networks under different operational conditions. It provides the best insight into the effects of various network parameters and their interactions. The route and link lifetime in mobile multihop networks under a random mobility environment have significant effects on network performance. Many analytical studies have been introduced to the body of work concerned with the link and route lifetime in mobile multihop networks. However, there is no closed-form analytical study for link and route stability in MANETs under any random mobility model. In addition, to simplify the analysis, one or more network characteristics were not considered in most of related studies. This work presents a closed-form analytical model for the link and route lifetime in mobile multihop networks, where nodes move according to the random waypoint mobility model. The proposed model can capture the effects of most network characteristics including the number of mobile nodes, the number of hops, the network area size, the transmission range, and the speed of nodes. In addition, we used the proposed model to derive expressions for the bounds of the link and route lifetime under different network characteristics. The proposed model can help characterize the network performance, analyze the network as to meet a certain level of quality-of-service, and design better routing protocols to cope with link breakage caused by node mobility. To verify the proposed model, extensive simulations were performed under different network characteristics. |
240 | Please write an abstract with title: Computing optimal uncertainty models from frequency domain data, and key words: Uncertainty, Frequency measurement, Frequency response, Control design, Error correction, Transfer functions, Noise measurement, Robust control, State-space methods, Frequency domain analysis. Abstract: Uncertainty models are an essential ingredient in robust control design. In addition, because of the trade-off between uncertainty and performance, the uncertainty model should be as "tight" as possible. Given a set of multivariable frequency response measurements, we show that the computation of multivariable nonparametric uncertainty models which are consistent with the data (i.e. not invalidated), reduces to a linear matrix inequality feasibility problem. Our method simultaneously searches for the responses of both the nominal system and the uncertainty weights that give an optimal uncertainty model. We then show that computing the optimal or least conservative model for the data can be done using semidefinite programming. Noise and fitting errors are explicitly factored into the computation using a bounded set approach. A state space uncertainty model can then be obtained from the optimal nonparametric model using frequency domain subspace identification techniques. The proposed technique is demonstrated on a generic MIMO example, where it outperforms the average-based approach by almost a factor of two (5 dB), in the frequency range with largest uncertainty. |
241 | Please write an abstract with title: Competitive learning with floating-gate circuits, and key words: Neurons, Silicon, Very large scale integration, Physics computing, Computer architecture, Circuit simulation, Data analysis, CMOS process, Clustering algorithms, Computer science. Abstract: Competitive learning is a general technique for training clustering and classification networks. We have developed an 11-transistor silicon circuit, that we term an automaximizing bump circuit, that uses silicon physics to naturally implement a similarity computation, local adaptation, simultaneous adaptation and computation and nonvolatile storage. This circuit is an ideal building block for constructing competitive-learning networks. We illustrate the adaptive nature of the automaximizing bump in two ways. First, we demonstrate a silicon competitive-learning circuit that clusters one-dimensional (1-D) data. We then illustrate a general architecture based on the automaximizing bump circuit; we show the effectiveness of this architecture, via software simulation, on a general clustering task. We corroborate our analysis with experimental data from circuits fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. |
242 | Please write an abstract with title: Practice and Thinking of Music Education in Computer Network, and key words: Roads, Education, Music, Internet, Sustainable development, Information technology. Abstract: With the development of science education, computer also plays an important role in music creation. Computer music creation has become a musical style. Computer not only changes the means of music technology, but also changes the way of creation in the field of education, enriches the form of computer music creation and improves the scope of creation. Computer music creation has obvious advantages for breaking through the existing music style, which is also the focus of computer creation research. This paper explores the background of music education in computer network, and deeply understands the process of educational practice and the problems of thinking. |
243 | Please write an abstract with title: A compact nonlinear equivalent circuit model and parameter extraction method for packaged high-speed VCSELs, and key words: Equivalent circuits, Parameter extraction, Packaging, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Nonlinear circuits, Laser modes, Surface emitting lasers, Current measurement, Performance evaluation, Frequency measurement. Abstract: A compact nonlinear circuit model for the input of packaged high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented in this paper. The model includes the thermal effects as well as the parasitics, due to the various levels of the packaging hierarchy, to ensure a realistic representation of the input of the VCSELs. The values of the model parameters are extracted from dc current-light-voltage characteristics and S/sub 11/ vector measurements using a two-step parameter extraction procedure. Extraction of the model parameters and comparison between measured and simulated results have been performed for two different commercially available VCSELs operating at 2.5 Gb/s. The achieved agreement between the measured and simulated results is very satisfactory for the dc as well for the S/sub 11/ curves in the frequency range from 3 MHz to 3 GHz. |
244 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Model-based Task Space Trajectory Tracking for Soft Robots, and key words: Analytical models, Uncertainty, Trajectory tracking, System dynamics, Soft robotics, Aerospace electronics, Mathematical models. Abstract: As a promising alternative to rigid robots in various applications involving human beings, soft robots aroused extensive concern in the past decades. However, their model-based control has long being neglected due to their deformable property and complex mechanical structure. Attribute to recent advances in control-oriented models of soft robots, this paper is able to present a model-based approach for the task space control of the soft robots with system uncertainty. The system dynamic equations under both the traditional parametrization and an improved parametrization are first presented. Then a robust sliding-mode resolved acceleration controller with finite-time stability are proposed for the task space trajectory tracking of soft robots. Theoretical analyses prove the closed loop stability and simulations verify effectiveness of the proposed method. |
245 | Please write an abstract with title: Coordination and Optimization of CCHP Microgrid Group Game Based on the Interaction of Electric and Thermal Energy Considering Conditional Value at Risk, and key words: Microgrids, Games, Optimization, Resistance heating, Power generation, Renewable energy sources, Distribution networks. Abstract: With the continuous advancement of power market reform, a cluster system composed of multiple microgrids can effectively improve the mutual support of energy between microgrids and improve the stability of system operation. This article comprehensively considers cogeneration, heat pumps, electrical energy storage, and thermal energy storage equipment to establish a framework for a multi-microgrid system. Secondly, due to the heterogeneity of wind power output, load demand and equipment parameters of different microgrids, considering the possibility of collaboration among multiple microgrids, the essence of energy complementarity to increase overall revenue is explained. On this basis, a cooperative game optimization dispatching model for microgrid group of cooling and heating power sources considering energy interaction is proposed. The Shapley value distribution method is used to distribute the surplus value generated by the cooperation. Furthermore, considering the uncertainty of wind power and load in multi-micro grids, a stochastic programming model based on conditional value-at-risk is established. The simulation analysis shows that the model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the surplus power and heat absorption capacity of the microgrid cooperative alliance, while reducing the impact on the power interaction of the main grid. The value of the conditional risk considered is also multi-microgrid. The system provides a reference plan for the trade-off between economic benefits and risk levels. |
246 | Please write an abstract with title: A Simplified Approach to the Automation of Circuitry Design, and key words: Design automation, Circuits, Costs, Computer aided manufacturing, Control systems, Manufacturing automation, Electronic equipment manufacture, Minimization, Debugging, Logic programming. Abstract: Some firms engaged in the design or manufacture of electronic, electrical, or communications systems have been able to improve design while holding down costs by using highly sophisticated computers. However, the high fixed costs and relative inflexibility of computers make thier use impractical in many instances. In such cases the use of conventional punched card equipment can frequently offer advantages equal to or exceeding those available from computers. As compared to manual design procedures, punched cards can offer labor savings, reduction of design cycle time, improved design, greater accuracy of detail, and greater susceptibility to control. As compared to fully computerized design procedures, punched cards can offer substantially lower machine costs; minimization of heavy startup costs and time lags for programming and debugging; greater flexibility; and greater intelligibility. The system requires that a clerk or draftsman interpret a logic schematic drawing into controlled punched card input format. All subsequent processing is essential mechanical. Final output of the system consists of a file of punched cards, each completely descriptive of a single wire; and listings of these cards in various sequences. The cards are available to prepare additional listings, and for the documentation and control of changes; the lists are used for manufacture, inspection, system test, maintenance, etc. |
247 | Please write an abstract with title: IoT based Water Quality Monitoring System, and key words: Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Cloud computing, Pipelines, Water quality, Water pollution, Mobile applications. Abstract: Existing water grid and water quality monitoring systems are manually operating and low-efficiency systems. Water leakage and contamination cannot be identified in existing systems. We proposed an Internet of Things (IoT) based Water monitoring system to monitor quality of water, leakages, contamination, and to manage pipeline networks. Generally, water flow starts from an administrator tank (Water head tank) through a pipeline. The value of the flow sensor at the admin tank is treated as a reference and all remaining long-distance nodes (flow sensors) are compared with it and identify the possible leakages. If any leakages are found, then that information is sent to the cloud. Admin and repair person will get notification from the cloud. In this paper, the proposed system measures five water parameters like Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Temperature, Turbidity and Flow Rate. All this data is transmitted to the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud platform hosted in Firebase, and made available to both the admin dashboard and User mobile application (App). If any deviations occur in water quality, then the user will get the notification and he/she can take a precise decision. Every end-user is provided with a mobile app that engages them to see their usage and water quality. Users can be charged based on the usage of water and the app provides them the facility to pay for the water used and the admin can control all the Smart Valves in a grid when needed. Admin Dashboard consists of all the functionalities required to manage users, identify leakages, and check historical data. |
248 | Please write an abstract with title: An analysis of two-heater active thermal control technology for device class testing, and key words: Temperature control, Thermal conductivity, Heat sinks, Control systems, System testing, Circuit testing, Temperature dependence, Heat transfer, Mechanical engineering, Analytical models. Abstract: A novel technology for controlling temperature rise in the class testing is described in this article. This technology is based on two active heater sources and is called a two-heater active thermal control (2H-ATC) system. From a point of control, a lumped analytical model for representing the whole class testing process is very important, and is developed in this article. The model was validated by comparing the simulated result with the measured result on a commercial tester. Based on this model, we have studied the issue of optimization of the performance of the testing process, in particular examining effects of test system parameters on system performance. We have also observed a concept called critical heater power, which is important in achieving a minimum overshoot at the transition from the preheating stage to the testing stage. The outcome of this study has already been applied in practical process control during the whole class testing. |
249 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Convolutional Neural Network for 3D Unsupervised Medical Image Registration, and key words: Image registration, Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Liver, Focusing, Computer architecture, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: In recent years, convolutional neural networks have been widely used in medical image registration. VTN network has been the most popular architecture in medical registration community. Although the structure has outstanding overall performance in medical image registration, the VTN architecture seems to own drawbacks in focusing on the areas of interest and extracting features efficiently. Therefore, we propose an improved version called CIRVTN based on the traditional VTN model where global Residual paths, the Inception module and the CBAM attention module are introduced. The introduction of global Residual path can not only alleviate the problem of gradient disappearance, but also improve the reusability of medical image features. Upon introducing the Inception and CBAM attention modules, the adaptability of the network to the diversities in shapes and locations of tissue contents in medical images are improved. Extensive experiments on three professional medical liver datasets showed that the network proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional VTN both in Dice score and computing efficiency. |
250 | Please write an abstract with title: Model-Free Off-Policy Iterative Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentration Control, and key words: Adaptation models, Gradient methods, Heuristic algorithms, Neural networks, Optimal control, Approximation algorithms, Iterative algorithms. Abstract: To solve the optimal control problem of the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a model-free off-policy iterative adaptive dynamic programming algorithm using online data is proposed. Under the actor-critic structure, the developed algorithm approximates the optimal Q-function by minimizing the temporal difference and improves the control law through the policy gradient method. Neural networks are utilized in the proposed scheme. Besides, the experience replay buffer is involved in the off-policy iteration of neural networks. Finally, simulation examples for a nonlinear system and WWTP are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
251 | Please write an abstract with title: Wildfire Risk Mitigation: A Paradigm Shift in Power Systems Planning and Operation, and key words: Ignition, Conductors, Vegetation, Power grids, Resilience, Australia. Abstract: Managing the risk of wildfires has been arguably the biggest recent challenge of electric utilities with infrastructure located in the wildland-urban interface. Utilities are deploying solutions for wildfire risk mitigation, such as public safety power shutoffs, which are counter-intuitive from a reliability-centric operation paradigm. This article presents an overview of the challenges, implications, and potential strategies for wildfire risk mitigation in power systems, and introduces the vision for a wildfire-resilient power system. The wildfire risk management strategies presented in this article range from fault prevention methods such as structural hardening, vegetation management and implementing advanced protection systems, to arc-suppression and ignition prevention methods. This article also identifies relevant research opportunities associated with implementing wildfire mitigation techniques on power systems. |
252 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple magnetic image reflection in perpendicular recording, and key words: Perpendicular magnetic recording, Reflection, Magnetic flux, Magnetic separation, Magnetic heads, Coils, Magnetization, Magnetic force microscopy, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Hysteresis. Abstract: Summary form only given. In a typical perpendicular system, writing is done by the trailing edge of the trailing pole (TP) of a single pole head (SPH). The recording field is controlled by the electrical current in a magnetizing coil. However, due to the use of a soft underlayer (SUL) there is an additional source of the magnetic flux, which indirectly contributes to the net recording field under the TP. Due to the multiple magnetic image reflection (MIR) effect, the magnetic flux can be extracted from the recording layer (RL) region under the leading pole (LP) and transferred to the region under the TP. It should be stressed that a DC-erased perpendicular medium in the presence of only one or no "mirrors" generates no stray field at all. The fact that a field of approximately 1.4 kOe can be extracted from a DC-erased medium, indicates that the MIR is clearly a multiplication process, in which the LP and SUL act as two magnetic "mirrors" that effectively displace the magnetic charges from the surfaces of the recording layer to "infinity." The intention of this paper is to theoretically and experimentally study in detail the consequences of the MIR on the recording characteristics of a recording system. |
253 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of wavelets adapted to signals and application, and key words: Signal design, Multiresolution analysis, Finite impulse response filter, Wavelet analysis, Signal processing, Constraint optimization, Discrete wavelet transforms, Algorithm design and analysis, Process design, Design optimization. Abstract: This paper addresses the design of wavelets adapted to the processed signals and the considered application. Our approach consists of parameterizing a mother wavelet, and defining a quality criterion for the optimization of the parameters, according to the context. The first parameterization, leading to orthogonal wavelets, considers the coefficients of the scaling filter as the parameters. A second parameterization, leading to semiorthogonal wavelets, consists of convolving an existing wavelet (or scaling function) by a given sequence. In this paper, we explore these two methods and apply them to the supervised classification of signals made of waveform trains. |
254 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-orthogonal joint diagonalization in the least-squares sense with application in blind source separation, and key words: Source separation, Independent component analysis, Blind source separation, Symmetric matrices, Matrix decomposition, Least squares approximation, Iterative algorithms, Degradation, Convergence, Instruments. Abstract: Approximate joint diagonalization of a set of matrices is an essential tool in many blind source separation (BSS) algorithms. A common measure of the attained diagonalization of the set is the weighted least-squares (WLS) criterion. However, most well-known algorithms are restricted to finding an orthogonal diagonalizing matrix, relying on a whitening phase for the nonorthogonal factor. Often, such an approach implies unbalanced weighting, which can result in degraded performance. We propose an iterative alternating-directions algorithm for minimizing the WLS criterion with respect to a general (not necessarily orthogonal) diagonalizing matrix. Under some mild assumptions, we prove weak convergence in the sense that the norm of parameters update is guaranteed to fall below any arbitrarily small threshold within a finite number of iterations. We distinguish between Hermitian and symmetrical problems. Using BSS simulations results, we demonstrate the improvement in estimating the mixing matrix, resulting from the relaxation of the orthogonality restriction. |
255 | Please write an abstract with title: Asynchronous Zeroth-Order Distributed Optimization with Residual Feedback, and key words: Conferences, Optimization methods, Linear programming, Cost function, Convergence, Logistics. Abstract: We consider a zeroth-order distributed optimization problem, where the global objective function is a black-box function and, as such, its gradient information is inaccessible to the local agents. Instead, the local agents can only use the values of the objective function to estimate the gradient and update their local decision variables. In this paper, we also assume that these updates are done asynchronously. To solve this problem, we propose an asynchronous zeroth-order distributed optimization method that relies on a one-point residual feedback to estimate the unknown gradient. We show that this estimator is unbiased under asynchronous updating, and theoretically analyze the convergence of the proposed method. We also present numerical experiments that demonstrate that our method outperforms two-point methods under asynchronous updating. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first asynchronous zeroth-order distributed optimization method that is also supported by theoretical guarantees. |
256 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Real-Time Significant Wave Heights in Hurricanes from a New Airborne KA-Band Interferometric Altimeter, and key words: Radar remote sensing, Satellites, Spaceborne radar, Sea measurements, Radar tracking, Hurricanes, US Government agencies. Abstract: During the 2020 hurricane season, scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Ocean Surface Winds Team (OSWT) in collaboration with Remote Sensing Solutions (RSS) operated the RSS Ka-band Interferometric Altimeter (KaIA) from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, making the first comprehensive set of airborne Ka-band radar altimeter measurements of a tropical cyclone. KaIA is a nadir-looking Ka-band interferometric radar altimeter with a real-time tracker/retracker and is capable of centimetric radar altimetry. This paper shows significant wave height (SWH) retrievals from the 2020 hurricane season and compares them to wave models, and satellite and buoy observations. |
257 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple object tracking and trajectory recognition based on deep learning, and key words: Optical filters, Target tracking, Target recognition, Clustering algorithms, Manuals, Filtering algorithms, Trajectory. Abstract: In automobile plastic parts factory, the workers need to check every automotive plastic assembly whether the fastening buckle is missing. This manual method is inefficient. To solve this problem, the space and channel attention mechanism is applied to YOLOv3-tiny network, which uses K-means clustering to find the best suitable size of anchor box. This algorithm has significantly improved detection accuracy in fastening buckles in comparison with original YOLOv3 algorithm, and the speed has increased by 3 times. Threshold segmentation and Hu comparison method are adopted to correct the confidence of the detection target with weight, so as to filter out the false target. Finally, the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method and the Delay-precision mechanism are used to realize the tracking and recognition of the fastening buckle of the automobile plastic assembly. In the experiment of fastening buckle video sequence, the MOTA(Multiple-Object Tracking Accuracy) of this algorithm is about 3.9%~7.6% higher than other algorithms. In 200 experiments, the recognition accuracy of automotive plastic components and fastening buckles reaches 100%. |
258 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling Long-Term Cooperation in Cross-Silo Federated Learning: A Repeated Game Perspective, and key words: Training, Data models, Games, Computational modeling, Servers, Costs, Adaptation models. Abstract: Cross-silo federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning approach where clients of the same interest train a global model cooperatively while keeping their local data private. The success of a cross-silo FL process requires active participation of many clients. Different from cross-device FL, clients in cross-silo FL are usually organizations or companies which may execute multiple cross-silo FL processes repeatedly due to their time-varying local data sets, and aim to optimize their long-term benefits by selfishly choosing their participation levels. While there has been some work on incentivizing clients to join FL, the analysis of clients’ long-term selfish participation behaviors in cross-silo FL remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we analyze the selfish participation behaviors of heterogeneous clients in cross-silo FL. Specifically, we model clients’ long-term selfish participation behaviors as an infinitely repeated game, with the stage game being a selfish participation game in one cross-silo FL process (SPFL). For the stage game SPFL, we derive the unique Nash equilibrium (NE), and propose a distributed algorithm for each client to calculate its equilibrium participation strategy. We show that at the NE, clients fall into at most three categories: (i) <i>free riders</i> who do not perform local model training, (ii) a unique <i>partial contributor</i> (if exists) who performs model training with part of its local data, and (iii) <i>contributors</i> who perform model training with all their local data. The existence of free riders has a detrimental effect on achieving a good global model and sustaining other clients’ long-term participation. For the long-term interactions among clients, we derive a cooperative strategy for clients which minimizes the number of free riders while increasing the amount of local data for model training. We show that enforced by a punishment strategy, such a cooperative strategy is a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) of the infinitely repeated game, under which some clients who are free riders at the NE of the stage game choose to be (partial) contributors. We further propose an algorithm to calculate the optimal SPNE which minimizes the number of free riders while maximizing the amount of local data for model training. Simulation results show that our derived optimal SPNE can effectively reduce the number of free riders by up to $99.3\%$ and increase the amount of local data for model training by up to $82.3\%$. |
259 | Please write an abstract with title: Temperature dependence of the low-frequency noise properties in Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ intrinsic Josephson junctions, and key words: Temperature dependence, Low-frequency noise, Bismuth compounds, Noise level, Time of arrival estimation, Noise measurement, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic noise, Temperature distribution, Voltage. Abstract: We have measured the temperature dependence of the low-frequency noise properties across for mesa stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in single crystals of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ (BSCCO) in the absence of an external magnetic field. The measured curves for noise spectrum density S/sub V/(f) showed a 1/f frequency dependence at temperatures in the range from 4.3 K to 150 K except 36 K. We estimated the magnitude of the S/sub V/(f) by using Rogers and Buhrman's empirical theory and Machlup's formula. From the observed curves for S/sub V/(f), we estimated a 1/f noise level /spl eta/ for a BSCCO IJJ biased at a sub-gap voltage of approximately 10/sup -5/ /spl mu/m/sup 2/, and this value was almost completely independent of temperature in the range between 4.3 K and 40 K. We also found that the /spl eta/ values above T/sub c/ were smaller by a factor of approximately 10 than those below T/sub c/. The /spl eta/ value for the BSCCO IJJ is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than for an epitaxial NbN/MgO/NbN tunnel junction biased above-gap voltage. We consider that the observed variation in the noise level with temperature is not interpretable in terms of a magnetic origin and the 1/f noise in a BSCCO IJJ may be somehow associated with stress or defects in the BiO and/or SrO layers act as tunnel barriers. |
260 | Please write an abstract with title: Region-dependent, algorithmically directed thresholds for maximum-likelihood detection of ternary PRS channels, and key words: Maximum likelihood detection, Polynomials, Maximum likelihood decoding, Partial response signaling, Viterbi algorithm, Magnetic recording, Hardware, Delay, Detectors, Digital communication. Abstract: This paper presents mathematical derivations for a type of maximum-likelihood sequence detector (MLSD), for decoding signals equalized to the ternary partial response fundamental polynomials - duobinary (1+D) and dicode (1-D); or part of decoders for higher-order class of partial response polynomials. Region-dependent but algorithmically directed thresholds with relatively simple updates for ternary duobinary (1+D) and dicode (1-D) channel decoders are hereby presented which depend only on state metric differences. The simplicity of the threshold updates makes the new proposition very attractive for hardware implementation. Derivations for a ternary duobinary and dicode partial-response signaling (PRS) channel decoder based on the true difference metric algorithm are included. |
261 | Please write an abstract with title: Rotation invariant texture feature for content based image retrieval, and key words: Image retrieval, Content based retrieval, Wavelet transforms, Feature extraction, Wavelet packets, Image databases, Relational databases, Wavelet coefficients, Object oriented databases, Image converters. Abstract: An effective rotation invariant polar-wavelet texture feature for content based image retrieval is proposed. The feature extraction process involves a polar transform followed by an adaptive row shift invariant wavelet packet transform. The polar transform converts a given image into a rotation-invariant but row-shifted image, which is then passed to the adaptive row shift invariant wavelet packet transform to generate adaptively some subbands of rotation invariant wavelet coefficients with respect to an information cost function. An energy signature is computed for each sub-band of these wavelet coefficients. In order to reduce feature dimensionality, only the most dominant polar-wavelet energy signatures are selected as feature vectors for image retrieval. The whole feature extraction process is quite efficient and involves only O(n/spl middot/log n) complexity. Experimental results show that this rotation-invariant texture feature is effective and outperforms traditional wavelet packet signatures. |
262 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Model Reference Adaptive Control for high-speed PMSMs, and key words: Couplings, Industrial electronics, Adaptation models, Analytical models, Regulators, Simulation, Sensorless control. Abstract: For high-speed PMSMs, the sensorless control suffers from poor dynamic performance due to the coupling of current loops. An improved model reference adaptive system(IMRAS) sensorless control with complex vector decoupling control(CVDC) is proposed. Based on the traditional MRAS, the CVDC method, which add the estimated speed information to the PI regulator of complex vector, is introduced to improve the dynamic response performance of current loop. The simulation results prove the accuracy of estimated position and speed. Furthermore, the system demonstrates good dynamic response performance and strong robustness. |
263 | Please write an abstract with title: Pruning support vectors for imbalanced data classification, and key words: Machine learning, Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Radar detection, Fault detection, Learning systems, Costs, Sampling methods, Data engineering, Application software. Abstract: In many practical applications, learning from imbalanced data poses a significant challenge that is increasingly faced by the machine learning community. The class imbalance problem raises issues that are either nonexistent or less severe compared to balanced class cases. This paper presents a new method for imbalanced data classification. The proposed method is based on support vector machine classifiers and backward pruning technique. The experimental results obtained on two data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm. |
264 | Please write an abstract with title: Path Optimization Development of Sports Industry Management Development under the Background of Artificial Intelligence Era, and key words: Industries, Automation, Planning, Decision analysis, Artificial intelligence, Interviews, Optimization. Abstract: In recent years, the state has attached great importance to industrial management and the development of the sports industry, and has continuously promulgated and implemented industrial management and sports industry development policies and planning documents. Sports industry management is a sunrise industry and a new industry in the 21st century. As an important part of industry management, it is inseparable from the development of the sports industry. At the same time, as the basic administrative division of our country, the county is in a key position as a link between the past and the next. The purpose of this article is to study the path optimization development of sports industry management development under the background of artificial intelligence era. This research comprehensively adopts the method of literature data, expert interview method, questionnaire survey method and decision analysis method. Combined with the national and provincial and municipal sports industry and industrial management development plans, as well as the current artificial intelligence technology, a macroscopic construction of the sports industry management development path is carried out from the theoretical level. Under the original management development of the sports industry, the use of artificial intelligence technology has increased the overall development rate by 20%. |
265 | Please write an abstract with title: Electro-optic Bragg grating couplers for fast reconfigurable optical waveguide interconnects, and key words: Optical waveguides, Bragg gratings, Couplers, Optical interconnections, Arrayed waveguide gratings, Optical polymers, Optical arrays, Optical coupling, Transceivers, Data communication. Abstract: We present an array of electro-optic Bragg gratings to couple optical signals among transceivers through on-chip polymeric waveguides for optical interconnect applications. These integrated couplers provide a promising solution to facilitate dynamically reconfigurable optical interconnects architecture for intra-chip, chip-to-chip and board-to-board data communications. The demonstrated switching speed is 75 /spl mu/s. |
266 | Please write an abstract with title: Human responses to vibration therapy, and key words: Humans, Medical treatment, Vibrations, Predictive models, Extremities, Biological system modeling, Spinal cord, Capacitive sensors, Clinical trials, Acceleration. Abstract: This paper outlines the progress that has been made in a study on human body dynamics during vibration therapy. At the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, vibration therapy has been applied to spinal cord injured (SCI) patients in an effort to maintain the patients' bone density. Some clinical trials have not been successful, and thus a better understanding of human responses to vibration therapy is required to ascertain if and how it can be applied to maintain bone density in SCI subjects. Experiments with SCI and healthy subjects were conducted to determine the accelerations present in the lower extremities during vibration therapy. The results showed negligible differences between the responses of SCI and healthy subjects, but considerable differences between the responses of subjects with different body types. A mathematical model of a standing subject was also developed, and theoretical predictions using the model were found to match experimental data reasonably. |
267 | Please write an abstract with title: Isothermal annealing behavior of zero-magnetostrictive permalloy films I theoretical, and key words: Isothermal processes, Annealing, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Saturation magnetization, Magnetic separation, Magnetic films, Temperature, Magnetic properties. Abstract: A simple theory is presented for the anisotropy relaxation during the course of isothermal magnetic annealing. An essential assumption of this theory is in the concept of elementary region (e-region): when the film is divided into the non-overlapping e-regions, the anisotropy in each e-region can or can not be relaxed by magnetic annealing at lower temperature depending on whether the e-region contains the excess vacancy or not. The extent of the e-region is determined by the net volume in which one excess vacancy wanders before its annihilation. Important results of this theory are as follows: the isothermal annealing behavior is divided into two stages even if the anisotropy is originated only from Fe-pair ordering. The relaxation frequency of both stages and the final saturation value of the anisotropy are hardly influenced by the pre-annealing (stabilization) of the film, while the fraction of the anisotropy affected by the first (or faster) stage depends on the stabilization, namely the more complete the stabilization is made, the smaller fraction of the first stage anisotropy results. |
268 | Please write an abstract with title: Voltage-controlled RF filters employing thin-film barium-strontium-titanate tunable capacitors, and key words: Voltage, Radio frequency, Transistors, Capacitors, Band pass filters, Insertion loss, Metallization, Q factor, Binary search trees, Loss measurement. Abstract: Tunable lowpass and bandpass lumped-element filters employing barium-strontium-titanate (BST)-based capacitors are presented. A new metallization technique is used, which improves the quality factor of the tunable BST capacitors by a factor of two. The lowpass filter has an insertion loss of 2 dB and a tunability of 40% (120-170 MHz) with the application of 0-9 V DC bias. The bandpass filter (BPF) has an insertion loss of 3 dB and a tunability of 57% (176-276 MHz) with the application of 0-6 V DC. The third-order intercept point of the BPF was measured to be 19 dBm with the application of two tones around 170 MHz. |
269 | Please write an abstract with title: Minimum-Energy and Error-Rate for URLLC Networks over Nakagami-m Channels: A Finite-Blocklength Analysis, and key words: Fading channels, Error analysis, Decoding, Wireless networks, Encoding, Antennas, 5G mobile communication. Abstract: The fifth generation (5G) wireless networks aim at providing a wide range of time-sensitive multimedia services and applications to satisfy users’ stringent requirements on delay-bounded quality of service (QoS). One of the important requirements for 5G multimedia wireless networks is to efficiently support the ultra-reliable and low- latency communications (URLLC). Finite blocklength coding (FBC) is a promising candidate technique to support URLLC services, where mobile users transmit short packets to upper-bound the transmission delay of multimedia traffic. In this paper, we model and analyze the packet-block error rate for URLLC under the Nakagamim fading channel in the finite blocklength regime. Then, we derive the minimum energy per bit for data transmissions in the Nakagami-m fading channel under the constraint of block error rate. To derive closed-form expressions for the minimum energy per bit, we obtain achievability and converse bounds on the minimum energy per bit, and show that these two bounds are equal to each other. Finally, we evaluate our derived minimum energy per bit in the finite blocklength regime through numerical analyses, and compare it with those under the Rayleigh fading channel and the wideband approximation, validating our derived analytical results. |
270 | Please write an abstract with title: A Two-Stage Point Cloud Registration Method for Knee Joint Replacement Navigation, and key words: Integrated optics, Solid modeling, Biomedical optical imaging, Automation, Navigation, Iterative closest point algorithm, Surgery. Abstract: To resolve the problem that the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm commonly used in knee joint replacement surgery registration had low registration accuracy and was easy to fall into local optimal solutions. An improved registration method based on feature point clouds was proposed. First, the Harris-3D algorithm was used to extract the feature point cloud of the three-dimensional model of the knee joint. Optical tracking system (OTS) was used to collect the point cloud of the corresponding area of the sawbone. Then, the Sample Consensus Initial Alignment (SAC-IA) algorithm was used to perform coarse registration on two point clouds. The ICP algorithm was used to make the registration matrix converge to an optimal solution. The k-d tree was used to find neighboring points to accelerate the iterative process. Finally, the simulation of the registration method was taken to prove the feasibility of the method. The accuracy of the knee joint surgery navigation registration experiment was carried out with the knee joint femur model as the object. Result shows that the error of the proposed registration algorithm is 2.12mm, while the error of the ICP algorithm is 6.30mm, which verifies the effectiveness of this method. |
271 | Please write an abstract with title: Automation and Control System on Water Level of Reservoir based on Microcontroller and Blynk, and key words: Sensors, Reservoirs, Storage tanks, Acoustics, Filling, Sensor systems, Monitoring. Abstract: The research aims to utilize simple technology using water level sensors, automatic switches, and the Blynk application to detect water levels automatically. The tools used are infrared switch sensor, ultrasonic sensor, ESP 8266 module, Arduino Nano, Blynk application, and mini submersible pump machine to replace automatic water filling. The results showed that the IoT method by retrieving data sent to a smartphone, using an internet connection and the Blynk application, can display data from the sensor without being limited by the distance between the data sender and receiver. The automatic water tank filling system tool has succeeded in measuring the height of the water level in the reservoir which has been implemented properly and is sufficiently curated with an error value of about 3%. |
272 | Please write an abstract with title: The EGRBAC Model for Smart Home IoT, and key words: Access control, Smart homes, Context modeling, Computational modeling, Internet of Things, Adaptation models. Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is enabling smart houses, where multiple users with complex social relationships interact with smart devices. This requires sophisticated access control specification and enforcement models, that are currently lacking. In this paper, we introduce the extended generalized role based access control (EGRBAC) model for smart home IoT. We provide a formal definition for EGRBAC and illustrate its features with a use case. A proof-of-concept demonstration utilizing AWS-IoT Greengrass is discussed in the appendix. EGRBAC is a first step in developing a comprehensive family of access control models for smart home IoT. |
273 | Please write an abstract with title: A method for matching an antenna having a small radiation resistance to a 50-ohm coaxial line, and key words: Coaxial components, Electric resistance, Antenna feeds, Antennas and propagation, Genetic algorithms, Admittance, Impedance matching, Algorithm design and analysis, Inductance, Antenna measurements. Abstract: It is shown that it is possible to match an antenna having a very low radiation resistance to a 50-ohm coaxial line using an inductive matching post near the base of the antenna. This technique is illustrated using two electrically small self-resonant genetic antennas. The input admittances of these antennas are simulated with and without the matching posts; the antennas are then fabricated and these results are verified experimentally. |
274 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of stable-adaptive control of robot arm using self-organizing neural network, and key words: Robot control, Neural networks, Robot kinematics, Neurons, Computational modeling, Control systems, Recurrent neural networks, Nonlinear systems, Nonlinear control systems, Neurofeedback. Abstract: In this paper, a simulation of neural network controller for a three links robot arm is presented. The network is based on modified Kohonen's self-organizing map. In the proposed model, recurrent network and modified SOM network are interconnected. |
275 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Unknown States with Action Balance, and key words: Incentive schemes, Entropy, Artificial intelligence, Reinforcement learning, Green products, Games, Force. Abstract: Exploration is a key problem in reinforcement learning. Recently bonus-based methods have achieved considerable successes in environments where exploration is difficult such as Montezuma's Revenge, which assign additional bonuses (e.g., intrinsic rewards) to guide the agent to rarely visited states. Since the bonus is calculated according to the novelty of the next state after performing an action, we call such methods as the next-state bonus methods. However, the next-state bonus methods force the agent to pay overmuch attention in exploring known states and ignore finding unknown states since the exploration is driven by the next state already visited, which may slow the pace of finding reward in some environments. In this paper, we focus on improving the effectiveness of finding unknown states and propose action balance exploration, which balances the frequency of selecting each action at a given state and can be treated as an extension of upper confidence bound (UCB) to deep reinforcement learning. Moreover, we propose action balance RND that combines the next-state bonus methods (e.g., random network distillation exploration, RND) and our action balance exploration to take advantage of both sides. The experiments on the grid world and Atari games demonstrate action balance exploration has a better capability in finding unknown states and can improve the performance of RND in some hard exploration environments respectively. |
276 | Please write an abstract with title: Speech Enhancement for Low Bit Rate Speech Codec, and key words: Speech codecs, Training, Speech coding, Conferences, Bit rate, Receivers, Computer architecture. Abstract: Speech codec compresses the input signal into compact bit stream, which is then decoded at the receiver to generate the best possible perceptual quality. This compression makes storing and transmitting speech efficient. In this work, we propose a neural extension to low bit rate speech codec (e.g., Codec2) that aims to improve the perceptual quality of synthesized speech. Our proposed framework combines decoded audio with neural embeddings without breaking the existing speech coders. In addition to embeddings, we also use the least-square generative adversarial network (LSGAN) to reduce artifacts and prevent over-smoothing in the reconstructed audio. The Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) from the listening tests show that our framework can boost the audio quality of speech encoded at 3.6kbps to outperform that of speech encoded at 6kbps using Opus. |
277 | Please write an abstract with title: MEMS lubricants based on bound and mobile phases of hydrocarbon compounds: film deposition and performance evaluation, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Lubricants, Hydrocarbons, Protection, Chemicals, Coatings, Space vehicles, Electrostatics, Degradation, Aging. Abstract: The concept of a thin layer of mobile hydrocarbon-based lubricant providing protection by replenishment to a surface already protected by a chemically bound material has been explored for the first time, for application to silicon-based microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems. Several bound/mobile pairs of lubricants were evaluated to study the effects of bound phase end group and mobile phase chemical functionality on wettability and performance. The bound species studied were derived from 1-decanol and 1,7-heptanediol. Mobile phases investigated were, a pentaerythritol ester, a multiply alkylated cyclopentane, Pennzane, and a polysilane developed for spacecraft application. Hydrocarbon lubricant performance was evaluated using electrostatic motors run in dry air, and was compared with that provided by Fomblin Zdol under identical conditions. Motors with hydrocarbon coatings showed substantial improvement in performance over uncoated motors, and for some bound/mobile pairs, was equal to Zdol within experimental error. We believe that for silicon-based devices, hydrocarbon coatings will be preferable at least for some applications, as the degradation observed due to aging of a fluorinated lubricant in direct contact with a silicon surface is absent. |
278 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of six-port wave-correlator for very low velocity measurement using Doppler effect, and key words: Velocity measurement, Doppler effect, Correlators, Doppler radar, Frequency measurement, Pollution measurement, Transmitting antennas, Doppler shift, Frequency estimation, Transmitters. Abstract: A new technique is proposed for measuring the Doppler frequency of a moving object by using the six-port correlator. The examination of this new proposal has been done with an object moving at a very low speed. The experiment and simulation results show the target velocity around 0.2 mm/s has been successfully inferred, which proved the validity of the proposed scheme. |
279 | Please write an abstract with title: Driver Hand Activity Recognition using NIR Camera and Deep Neural Network, and key words: Deep learning, Neural networks, Wheels, Lighting, Activity recognition, Cameras, Regulation. Abstract: Distraction in driving is a significant factor in accidents. Hands off the wheel is one of the main sources of driver distraction. In some countries, such as Japan, using two hands to grasp the steering wheel in driving is suggested in the traffic regulation. This paper proposes a driver hand activity recognition system, which can be used for assisting drivers and increasing safety in driving. The proposed system adopts Near Infrared (NIR) camera to obtain the stable observation for the driver's hands in different lighting conditions. A Deep Neural Network (DNN) with a real-time performance is employed to recognize the hand activities. The proposed system can distinguish right and left hands, also can classify each hand into three categories: controlling steering wheel, idling, and performing other tasks. The experiment results demonstrate the proposed system outperforms the baseline method. |
280 | Please write an abstract with title: Micro-controllers, Sunlight, and Educators from Two Continents: The Genesis of Mutually Beneficial Techno-cultural Relations, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Costs, Microprocessors, Conferences, Education, Open Educational Resources, Batteries. Abstract: To showcase the versatility of combining the use of a single-board computer with a microprocessor such as a Raspberry Pi device to access Open Educational Resources (OER) content provided by a Remote Area Community Hotspot for Education and Learning (RACHEL) server, LCDs, printers, and scanners, all of them powered by photovoltaic (PV) technology with energy stored in high energy density and safe LiFePO4 batteries, a group from various Academic Institutions in the United States embarked in the formation of a trans-national team composed of computer scientists, electrical engineers, experienced teachers, and academic administrators, to enable young Rwanda students to enjoy the same amount and quality of teaching of relevant information through versatile digital means as an equivalent group in the USA, but at a substantially reduced cost and sustainable in remote location. |
281 | Please write an abstract with title: A solenoidal basis method for efficient inductance extraction, and key words: Inductance, Iterative methods, Linear systems, Integrated circuit interconnections, Timing, Very large scale integration, Equations, Acceleration, Iterative algorithms, Green's function methods. Abstract: The ability to compute the parasitic inductance of the interconnect is critical to the timing verification of modern VLSI circuits. A challenging aspect of inductance extraction is the solution of large, dense, complex linear systems of equations via iterative methods. Accelerating the convergence of the iterative method through preconditioning is made difficult due to the non-availability of the system matrix. This paper presents a novel algorithm to solve these linear systems by restricting current to a discrete solenoidal subspace in which Kirchoff's law is obeyed, and solving a reduced system via an iterative method such as GMRES. A preconditioner based on the Green's function is used to achieve near-optimal convergence rates in several cases. Experiments on a number of benchmark problems illustrate the advantages of the proposed method over FastHenry. |
282 | Please write an abstract with title: T-IK: An Efficient Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Analytical Inverse Kinematics of Redundant Manipulator, and key words: Kinematics, Robots, Task analysis, Statistics, Sociology, End effectors, Trajectory. Abstract: This letter proposes a new method combined by the parameterization method and T-IK to solve the inverse kinematics problem of redundant manipulators in the position domain. T-IK is an improved multi-objective optimization algorithm based on NSGA-II. By adding population migration strategy and adaptive interval search operator in algorithm, we can maintain the global search ability of T-IK and greatly strengthen its local search ability. This method was applied to an 8-DOF tunnel shotcrete robot whose inverse kinematics algorithm needed to meet the accuracy, continuity and real-time requirement and avoid joint limits. We compared T-IK with Bio-IK, TRAC-IK, NSGA-II, MOEA/D, and ISGABT algorithms on tunnel trajectory, polyline trajectory, and arc trajectory to test its performance. Although T-IK is slightly inferior to MOEA/D in running time, it is much better than other algorithms in almost all indexes. |
283 | Please write an abstract with title: Applying clustering algorithms as core selection methods for multiple core trees, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Scalability, Protocols, Partitioning algorithms, Multicast algorithms, Degradation, Traffic control, Floods, Delay. Abstract: In the current Internet, there are two main types of intra-domain multicast routing protocols: dense mode and sparse mode. Dense mode protocols construct shortest path trees from the sender to the receivers. Sparse mode protocols construct shared trees rooted at a certain router, called core or rendezvous point (RP), which acts as a meeting point between senders and receivers of the same group. While solving important scalability problems in wide area networks, shared trees also bring some drawbacks, the most known of which are traffic concentration and delay. In order to minimize these kinds of drawbacks, a variant of sparse mode using several cores per group emerged. Receivers are attached to the closest core and sources send packets to all the cores with attached receivers of the corresponding group. In this paper three clustering algorithms are presented and compared: max-cut, min-cut and min-concentration. They select the minimal set of cores in multiple core trees that maximizes or minimizes a certain objective function while limiting the QoS degradation according to a certain parameter called clustering ratio. These core selection algorithms are used to show the advantages of using several cores per group over the classical method of using only one. |
284 | Please write an abstract with title: The Displaced Rectangular Waveguide Junction and its Use As an Adjustable Reference Reflection, and key words: Waveguide junctions, Rectangular waveguides, Reflection, Apertures, Chebyshev approximation, Planar waveguides, Polynomials, Equivalent circuits, Waveguide components, Iris. Abstract: The reflection from a displaced junction in rectangular waveguide and the equivalent circuit parameters are calculated using modal analysis. The use of weighted Gegenbauer polynomials to describe the field in the plane of displacement is shown to significantly improve the rate of convergence of the solution in comparison to waveguide-type mode functions. Approximate formulas are given for displacements of up to 25 percent of the waveguide dimensions. An E-plane displaced junction is suggested for use as an adjustable reference reflection. |
285 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightguide, Integral Field Snapshot Imaging Spectrometer for Environmental Imaging and Earth Observations, and key words: Imaging, Throughput, Optical fiber sensors, Optical imaging, Optics, Optical fibers, Optical fiber testing. Abstract: We present a fiber-based snapshot imaging spectrometer capable of imaging in VIS and NIR spectral windows. The system's principle is based on the application of a custom imaging fiber bundle to re-organize the input vs. output of the fiber structure. While, the input consists of densely populated fibers, the output provides void spaces between the fibers to accommodate spectral information and non-scanning datacube acquisition. Recently, we presented a proof of concept paper demonstrating the general system's capabilities [1]. The prototype, however, experienced significant light loss while still providing good imaging performance. This paper focuses on the throughput analysis and improvement of the light collection efficiency. We were able to define configurations that improve throughput by over 10+ fold and enable integration times below 1 ms. Here, we briefly describe the system's principle, discuss re-imaging configurations, and present examples of imaging results. |
286 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a simulator of communication buses in a car for the needs of external teaching, and key words: COVID-19, Computer aided instruction, Pandemics, Education, Automobiles. Abstract: The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has required a dramatic shift in the way our students are educated. Distance or online learning has become the norm and we have had to make a lot of effort to ensure that further education takes place during this difficult period. Distance or online education is not a new concept, but for many of us it is a shift away from our traditional model of classroom teaching for students [1]. In this article, we present a teaching model that we designed for students of the Autotronics study program. |
287 | Please write an abstract with title: Epileptic Seizure Detection in EEG via Fusion of Multi-View Attention-Gated U-Net Deep Neural Networks, and key words: Databases, Epilepsy, Signal processing, Tools, Brain modeling, Electroencephalography, Long short term memory. Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) is an essential tool in clinical practice for the diagnosis and monitoring of people with epilepsy. Manual annotation of epileptic seizures is a time consuming process performed by expert neurologists. Hence, a procedure which automatically detects seizures would be hugely beneficial for a fast and cost-effective diagnosis. Recent progress in machine learning techniques, especially deep learning methods, coupled with the availability of large public EEG seizure databases provide new opportunities towards the design of automatic EEG-based seizure detection algorithms. We propose an epileptic seizure detection pipeline based on the fusion of multiple attention-gated U-nets, each operating on a different view of the EEG data. These different views correspond to distinct signal processing techniques applied on the raw EEG. The proposed model uses a long short term memory (LSTM) network for fusion of the individual attention-gated U-net outputs to detect seizures in EEG. The model outperforms the state-of-the-art models on the TUH EEG seizure dataset and was awarded the first place in the Neureka™ 2020 Epilepsy Challenge. |
288 | Please write an abstract with title: ROSE: a novel link state information update scheme for QoS routing, and key words: Bandwidth, Routing protocols, Information analysis, Analytical models, Quality of service, Intserv networks, Decision support systems, Degradation, Fluctuations, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: Distributing the link state information may introduce a significant protocol overhead on network resources. Hence, it is critical to investigate the issue of effectively and efficiently updating link state information. In this paper, by demonstrating that link state update schemes without considering the QoS requirements of connections cannot provide satisfactory solutions to real networks, we introduce a novel link information update scheme, routing-oriented update scheme (ROSE). Via theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, we show that ROSE greatly outperforms the state of the art in terms of both protocol overhead and the accuracy of link state information. Another contribution of this paper is the introduction of a method to numerically evaluate the staleness of link state information. |
289 | Please write an abstract with title: Low power 5GHz quadrature phase CMOS LC oscillator with active inductor, and key words: Active inductors, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Resonance, Frequency, Signal design, Capacitors, Circuit simulation, System-on-a-chip, Transceivers, Computer architecture. Abstract: A low power 5 GHz LC quadrature phase VCO with active inductor is designed and fabricated in standard 0.18 /spl mu/m single-poly, six metal layer mixed-signal CMOS process. Active inductors are used in the design to diminish chip area consumption. Results based on post layout simulations are presented. Circuits are currently being fabricated through the MOSIS Educational Program. The core VCO dissipates 6.86 mW on a 1.8 V power supply. The whole circuit has an output power of -2.956 dBm. Simulated phase noise is shown as -74.6 dB/Hz at 1MHz offset and -102.3 dB/Hz at 10 MHz offset. |
290 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of a Two-FET Forward Synchronous Rectification Converter with Digital Housekeeping, Radiated EMI and Thermal Management, and key words: Electromagnetic interference, Regulation, Voltage control, Standards, Logic gates, Testing, Thermal stability. Abstract: This study aims to design a 450W forward converter using synchronous rectification of MOSFETs with an input range of 300V DC to 400V DC. The converter must have a constant output of 24V. The converter must have an efficiency of 92% or higher between 40 and 60% load. The thermals should not reach the maximum operating temperature of the critical components and have digital housekeeping to protect the device. The radiated EMI must also pass the EMI standard. The converter must have a 45degree phase margin and -6dB gain margin. |
291 | Please write an abstract with title: 2813-2020 - IEEE Standard for Big Data Business Security Risk Assessment, and key words: IEEE Standards, Big Data, Business, Risk assessment, Security of data. Abstract: This standard can be applied to internet-based business scenarios, and can also be served serve as a practical guide to achieve help assess business security risk control through the big data technology. This standard can be applied in other types of organization, including public or privately-owned or state-owned enterprises, associations, or organizations, or by individuals, to improve assessment of their protection capability against business security risks based on big data technology. |
292 | Please write an abstract with title: Users First: A Robust Two-Level Learning of Power Control in Uplink Ultra-Dense HetNets, and key words: Power control, Uplink, Games, Mobile handsets, Power demand, Resource management, Optimization. Abstract: In this article, power control of uplink connection in the ultra-dense heterogeneous networks (HetNets), which are studied as different types of access points (APs), is investigated. It is demonstrated that an efficient performance of users during the uplink transmission is limited to the issue of per-user power control. Although the per-user power control allows users to transmit with full power to maintain a stable connection, it also causes a higher outage probability during the uplink transmission. In light of this, we propose a robust distributed energy-efficient scheme for uplink power control in HetNets, which confronts the per-user power control problem and coordination of the multi-user interferences. Therefore, firstly, Jarvic-Patric (JP) algorithm is adopted for the users' clustering. Unlike the traditional JP algorithm, conditions for the formation of users' clustering are extended with a term named the degree of membership in this article. Secondly, the distributed energy efficiency (EE) problem is formulated as the mean-metric of the EE, i.e., a sum of users' cooperative EE functions to address the cooperation problem among clustered interfering users at the local level and coordination of multi-user interferences at a global level. The formulation of the EE problem in this fashion reveals the interdependence of power optimization at local and global levels, which brings about the necessity of joint optimization. Hence, we propose a novel 2-level distributed cooperative learning (DCL) scheme, where users act as self-organized agents and optimize power control at local and global levels jointly. In the 2-level DCL scheme, clustered users are engaged in the cooperative game of power control at the local level to maximize the cooperative EE. Meantime, users communicate with each other to learn an online power control at the global level. Besides, a popular performance metric for a machine learning scheme named regret is demonstrated for the 2-level DCL scheme. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the EE compared to existing works. |
293 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-echelon Inventory Optimization of Spare Parts considering Cross-region Transshipment and Changing Demand, and key words: Computational modeling, Heuristic algorithms, Optimization methods, Numerical models, Reliability, Prognostics and health management, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: This paper investigates the inventory policies of a multi-echelon inventory network consisting of one central warehouse, three second-echelon warehouses, and six third-echelon warehouses. The operation process of the inventory network is translated into a computerized simulation model. Cross-region transshipment policy under the threshold of transshipment limitation and the dynamic reorder points in response to changing demand are considered in the simulation model. Genetic algorithm is used to minimize the total cost of the inventory network. Finally, numerical examples are illustrated to prove the superiority of the optimal policy. |
294 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Grouping and Belief based CH selection in mobile ad-hoc network using Chunk Reliable Routing Protocol, and key words: Power demand, Clustering algorithms, Information processing, Routing protocols, Mobile nodes, Reliability, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: Transferring ecological data to a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a hard issue. Bunching is one of the advances used to control the transmission of information across intuitive hubs. Each gathering of hubs has at least one chose group head(s), where all bunch heads are associated with one another and are the spine of the information transmission. In addition, cluster leaders can maintain long-term communication with limited energy sources. Idle terminals and bunch go through checking energy quicker and lessen stage span. For this situation, picking the best bunch scenes with dependable data plays an significant part in the general introduction. To address those issues, this paper proposes an Chunk top path selection (CTPS) using swarm intelligence and hybrid meta-heuristic techniques. The cluster head(s) collection was base on an competent faith replica using Enhanced Monkey inspired optimization (EMIO) algorithm. Then optimal path has found with the help of improved pattern search (IPS) algorithm. Therefore, the purpose of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) that uses practical steering procedure is additional trust compare to the hastyone. This method aims to select reliable permanent cluster heads (i.e.) that can provide secure communication through communication nodes. NS-2 simulation demonstrates as to our specific program outperforms obtainable methods in conditions of performance, power consumption, latency, pocket overhead, and pocket delivery speed. |
295 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite elements, mass-spring-damper systems and haptic rendering, and key words: Finite element methods, Haptic interfaces, Force control, Force feedback, Rendering (computer graphics), Layout, Robot control, Delay effects, Robot sensing systems, Interference. Abstract: Haptic feedback can be classified as a branch of robotic force (compliant) control (computation) area. In the traditional force control areas, the objective is to regulate the desired contact force between a robotic agent an environment through design of a control law which has some model of the compliance embedded into it. For the haptic feedback environment, the user interacts with the graphical environment through a robotic device (force-feedback mechanism). The feedback force at the hand of the user is generated through computational model of how the virtual object reacts to the input from the user when it is penetrating the model of an environment. There are a number of computational elements involve in creating a haptic environment. This paper concerns with haptic rendering which is a complementary module to the graphical rendering of the virtual scene. Haptic rendering is the computation of the reaction forces and deformation as a function of the geometrical interaction of the user with the environment. This paper presents an overview of a number of approaches, which has been used to model the environment and presents a new computationally efficient approach for modeling compliance of the environment. |
296 | Please write an abstract with title: Consideration of Generating Suitable Parameters for Constructing type (h, m) Gauss Period Normal Basis, and key words: Elliptic curves, Conferences, Gaussian processes, Electronic countermeasures. Abstract: In this research, the authors consider and evaluate a method to find a prime number that satisfies the condition to construct type(h, m) Gauss period Normal Basis. More precisely, we use methods for prime factorization, elliptic curve method, to determine the suitability of a prime number for the construction. In addition, we consider the condition of parameters that easy to find such a prime. |
297 | Please write an abstract with title: An Introduction to Pursuit-evasion Differential Games, and key words: Games, Automobiles, Optimal control, Game theory, Turning, Surveillance, Tools. Abstract: Pursuit and evasion conflicts represent challenging problems with important applications in aerospace and robotics. In pursuit-evasion problems, synthesis of intelligent actions must consider the adversary's potential strategies. Differential game theory provides an adequate framework to analyze possible outcomes of the conflict without assuming particular behaviors by the opponent. This article presents an organized introduction of pursuit-evasion differential games with an overview of recent advances in the area. First, a summary of the seminal work is outlined, highlighting important contributions. Next, more recent results are described by employing a classification based on the number of players: one-pursuer-one-evader, N-pursuers-one-evader, one-pursuer-M-evaders, and N-pursuer-M-evader games. In each scenario, a brief summary of the literature is presented. Finally, two representative pursuit-evasion differential games are studied in detail: the two-cutters and fugitive ship differential game and the active target defense differential game. These problems provide two important applications and, more importantly, they give great insight into the realization of cooperation between friendly agents in order to form a team and defeat the adversary. |
298 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Indexing of Financial Documents via Information Extraction, and key words: Computational modeling, Machine learning, Information retrieval, Data mining, Task analysis, Computational intelligence, Indexing. Abstract: The problem of extracting information from large volumes of unstructured documents is pervasive in the domain of financial business. Enterprises and investors need automatic methods that can extract information from these documents, particularly for indexing and efficiently retrieving information. To this end, we present a scalable end-to-end document processing system for indexing and information retrieval from large volumes of financial documents. While we show our system works for the use case of financial document processing, the entire system itself is agnostic of the document type and machine learning model type. Thus, it can be applied to any large-scale document processing task involving domain-specific extractors. |
299 | Please write an abstract with title: New and revised British standard specifications, and key words: Standards, Turbines, Oils, Rubber, Chemicals, Steel, Lubrication. Abstract: British Standard Specification for Ebonite for Electrical Purposes (B.S.S. No. 234 — 1933). The third edition of the B.S. Specification for Ebonite has recently become, available, and shows some interesting changes as compared with the 1931 edition. In the first place, the use of “accelerators” and loading materials is no longer prohibited, but excessive proportions of such substances are prevented indirectly by the. electrical tests. Consequently, although the composition of the ebonite is no longer specified, compliance with the tests ensures that the material is substantially composed of good quality raw rubber and sulphur. |
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