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Agreement To Verb
Article 7. Use a singular verb with distances, periods, sums of money, etc., if they are considered a unit. 2. If two or more individual names or pronouns are bound by or even, use a singular verb. 11. Expressions such as .B. with, including, accompanied by, add or not change the number of theme. If the subject is singular, the verb is also. 8.
Names such as scissors, pliers, pants and scissors require plural verbs. (There are two parts of these things.) 12. Use a singular verb with each and many of a singular verb. This sentence refers to the individual efforts of each crew member. The Gregg Reference Manual provides excellent explanations for the subject-verb agreement (section 10: 1001). An agreement based on grammatical numbers can be made between verb and subject, as in the case of the grammatical person discussed above. In fact, the two categories are often mixed in conjugation patterns: there are specific forms of verbs for the first-person singular, the second plural, etc. Some examples: in the English language, verbs are usually followed by subjects.
But if this order is reversed, the author must reconcile the verb with the subject, not with a noun in front of him. For example, have you ever received a “subject/verb contract” as an error on a paper? This prospectus helps you understand this common grammar problem. Verbs in contemporary form for third parties, s-subjects (him, them, them and all that these words can represent) have s-endings. Other verbs do not add s-endings. Article 9. For collective subtantives such as the group, the jury, the family, the public, the population, the verb can be singular or plural, depending on the author`s intention. We will use the standard to highlight themes once and verbs twice. The ability to find the right topic and verb will help you correct the errors of the subject verb agreement.
In this example, politics is only a theme; Therefore, the sentence has a singular verb. However, if the names suggest an idea or refer to the same thing or the same person, the verb is singular. [5] Rule 8. With words that give pieces – z.B a lot, a majority, some, all — that were given above in this section, Rule 1 is reversed, and we are directed after the no bite after that of. If the name is singular, use a singular verb. If it`s plural, use a plural verb. Note: The word dollar is a special case. When we talk about a money supply, we need a singular verb, but if we refer to the dollars themselves, a plural verb is necessary.
5. Don`t be misled by a sentence that comes between the subject and the verb. The verb is in agreement with the subject, not with a name or pronoun in the expression. In the example above, the plural corresponds to the actors of the subject. The agreement generally includes the matching of the value of a grammatical category between different elements of a sentence (or sometimes between sentences, as in some cases where a pronoun agrees with its predecessor or its reference opinion). Some categories that often trigger grammatical chords are listed below. Article 5 bis. Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by such words, as with, as well as, except, no, etc. These words and phrases are not part of the subject. Ignore them and use a singular verb if the subject is singular. Example of Latin (Spanish) Verb: the present active indicative portare (portar), to bear: – Pain and means may be singular or plural, but the construction must be coherent.
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Document Type
Publication Date
JAX Source
Mol Metab 2019 Sep; 27S:S15-S24
DOD W81XWH-16-1-0130,ADA grant 1-18-ACE-15
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans are heterogeneous tissues consisting of multiple endocrine cell types that carry out distinct yet coordinated roles to regulate blood glucose homeostasis. Islet dysfunction and specifically failure of the beta cells to secrete adequate insulin are known precursors to type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset. However, the exact genetic, (epi)genomic, and environmental mechanisms that contribute to islet failure, and ultimately to T2D pathogenesis, require further elucidation.
SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes efforts and advances in dissection of the complex genetic underpinnings of islet function and resilience in T2D pathogenesis. In this review, we will highlight results of the latest T2D genome-wide association study (GWAS) and discuss how these data are being combined with clinical measures in patients to uncover putative T2D subtypes and with functional (epi)genomic studies in islets to understand the genetic programming of islet cell identity, function, and adaptation. Finally, we discuss new and important opportunities to address major knowledge gaps in our understanding of islet (dys)function in T2D risk and progression.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation exerts clear effects on the islet epigenome, regulatory element usage, and gene expression. Future (epi)genomic comparative analyses between T2D and normal islets should incorporate genetics to distinguish patient-specific from disease-specific differences. Incorporating genotype information into future analyses and studies will also enable more precise insights into the molecular genetics of islet deficiency and failure in T2D risk, and should ultimately contribute to a stratified view of T2D and more precise treatment strategies. Islet cellular heterogeneity continues to remain a challenge for understanding the associations between islet failure and T2D development. Further efforts to obtain purified islet cell type populations and determine the specific genetic and environmental effects on each will help address this. Beyond observation of islets at steady state conditions, more research of islet stress and stimulation responses are needed to understand the transition of these tissues from a healthy to diseased state. Together, focusing on these objectives will provide more opportunities to prevent, treat, and manage T2D.
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Forensic tech shows if samples come from smokers
Forensic tech shows if samples...
The intake of nicotine produces a tell-tale metabolite known as cotinine
View 1 Image
When you're trying to establish who was present when a crime was committed, every little clue helps. That's where a newly repurposed forensic technique comes in, as it can determine if oral fluid comes from a smoker or non-smoker.
The technique is in fact an existing process known as Raman spectroscopy, in which monochromatic light (usually from a laser) is shone onto a sample. The molecules in that substance vibrate in response, scattering the light in a unique manner. Therefore, by analyzing that scattered light, it's possible to ascertain which chemicals are present in the sample.
Led by Prof. Igor Lednev, researchers from the University at Albany found that cotinine – which is the main metabolite produced by the body in response to nicotine intake – has a distinctive and recognizable spectroscopic signature within oral fluid. Consisting of more than just saliva, oral fluid also contains "oral mucosal transudate," which is in turn derived from blood serum.
In lab tests, the scientists used Raman spectroscopy to analyze samples from 32 volunteers of differing ages, races and sexes. Half of those people were self-described regular smokers, while the other half claimed they had never smoked. Based on the cotinine readings, the team was accurately able to determine whether or not each sample came from a smoker.
More research still needs to be conducted, on factors such as the effect that food and drink have on oral fluid content. Ultimately, though, it is hoped that the technology could assist in the solving of crimes.
"Our goal is to help crime science investigators (CSIs) build a phenotype profile for suspects in the early stages of an investigation," says Lednev. "A CSI would, of course, prefer to build a DNA profile. But, that is often not an option. We offer a viable alternative."
The research is described in a paper that was recently published in the Journal of Biophotonics.
Source: University at Albany
Given the prevalence of smoking in the US and many other countries, it doesn't seem that this will help much to narrow down a list of potential suspects. It might exclude some people, but only assuming that sampling is exhaustive.
@paul314 About 15% of the adult population of the USA are considered habitual smokers. Using this forensic technique, 85% of potential suspects can be ruled out, should the evidence support the theory that the perp was a smoker. I'd say that's useful elimination. Of course the opposite appliers if the perp is a non-smoker.
Which begs the question, is the proportion of smoking amongst criminals higher than the general population average?
Any tool which eliminates even just one suspect from an enquiry is worth having. Especially where the effect of applying such tools is cumulative.
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TY - JOUR AU - Batra, Nipun AU - Jia, Yiling AU - Wang, Hongning AU - Whitehouse, Kamin PY - 2018/04/25 Y2 - 2021/10/16 TI - Transferring Decomposed Tensors for Scalable Energy Breakdown Across Regions JF - Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence JA - AAAI VL - 32 IS - 1 SE - Computational Sustainability and Artificial Intelligence DO - UR - https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/11343 SP - AB - <p> Homes constitute roughly one-third of the total energy usage worldwide. Providing an energy breakdown – energy consumption per appliance, can help save up to 15% energy. Given the vast differences in energy consumption patterns across different regions, existing energy breakdown solutions require instrumentation and model training for each geographical region, which is prohibitively expensive and limits the scalability. In this paper, we propose a novel region independent energy breakdown model via statistical transfer learning. Our key intuition is that the heterogeneity in homes and weather across different regions most significantly impacts the energy consumption across regions; and if we can factor out such heterogeneity, we can learn region independent models or the homogeneous energy breakdown components for each individual appliance. Thus, the model learnt in one region can be transferred to another region. We evaluate our approach on two U.S. cities having distinct weather from a publicly available dataset. We find that our approach gives better energy breakdown estimates requiring the least amount of instrumented homes from the target region, when compared to the state-of-the-art. </p> ER -
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Cooperative learning essays
A theory of cooperation and competition. Journal of Special Education, 34 1The author states that these pretest results could be seen as achievement rather than ability, but the teachers of the students were consulted about the placement of the students Nattiv, The University of New South Wales describes a variety of ways to assess group workranging from shared group grades, to grades that are averages of individual grades, to strictly individual grades, to a combination of these.
Do all helping behaviors benefit academic achievement.
Cooperative learning
Spencer, Keganprovided as definition of collaborative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. There is a long history of research on cooperative, competitive, and individualistic efforts.
Recognize that all group members share a common fate. The researchers used The Classroom Life Instrument to measure their data. The role of cooperative leaning in increasing problem-solving ability in a college remedial course.
They also should be able to select the appropriate interaction pattern suited to the situation. Interpersonal and small group skills refers to the various social skills that must be present and often must be taught to cooperative learning groups.
Positive interdependence means that the efforts of each group member are required in order for the group to succeed. Cooperative learning follows this idea as groups work together to learn or solve a problem, with each individual responsible for understanding all aspects.
Cooperative learning
There was no significant difference in the behaviors of students in the structured or unstructured groups. Twenty-two of those students had learning difficulties 12 boys and 10 girls.
Cooperative Learning Essay
The groups, then, participated in grade-level appropriate math units. Cooperative learning has been debated by educators for a long time and continues to be questioned today.
Cooperative Learning Essay
Brain, mind, experience, and school. Effects of small-group learning on undergraduates in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology: The sociocultural theory of development suggests that learning takes place when students solve problems beyond their current developmental level with the support of their instructor or their peers.
Many educators feel that cooperative learning strips students of the benefits of direct instruction. Tailor cooperative learning lessons to meet the unique instructional circumstances and needs of the curricula, subject areas, and students.
There are many more specific types of group work that fall under the general descriptions given here, including team-based learningproblem-based learningand process-oriented guided inquiry learning. Journal of Technology Education, 7 1. In team-based learning, two approaches promote positive interdependence and individual accountability.
Johns Hopkins University Press. The Elementary School Journal, 94 3They include, but are not limited to leadership, conflict management, communication, trust building, and decision making. Formal cooperative learning groups In formal cooperative learning students work together for one or more class periods to complete a joint task or assignment Johnson et al.
The unstructured group was encouraged to work together as a group and given the same time period to complete the social studies unit, but they never received training for such group work. Not all of the strategies proved to be successful for the intervention condition, but most did serve their purpose Klingner, et al.
Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence
However, there were significant findings regarding group interactions. Each member of the group is responsible for learning what is taught, but also for helping other group members learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement for all.
A study was conducted to find out if students with learning difficulties interacted positively in cooperative learning groups. Cooperative learning in the undergraduate laboratory. Proponents of homogeneous learning tend to stray from cooperative learning because it seems to deprive gifted students of learning with their gifted peers.
We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Statistics on Cooperative Learning specifically for you. Cooperative learning is a teaching method used by educators in all grade levels, in all areas of curriculum, and there are many different ways that cooperative learning can.
Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning is a teaching strategy - Cooperative Learning essay introduction. There are small teams, which work with the students at different levels, according to their ability.
They use variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of the subject. Each team member is not only responsible for what they. Levels of cooperative skills In cooperative learning, setting up practice sessions is the chief responsibility of the teacher.
According to Johnson and Johnson (), there are 4 levels of cooperative skills that teachers can focus on. Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning is a very useful tool to use in schools, when used correctly and in appropriate settings.
Cooperative learning can be successfully executed in a grade five to eight classroom by merely following the five elements of cooperative learning (Sokal,p.
46). /5(7). Math Education Learn Educating Essays - Cooperative Learning in Mathematics.
Cooperative Learning Essays (Examples) Cooperative learning essays
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Cooperative Learning Essay Example | Graduateway
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Similarities Between Conductors & Insulators
A chair with metal (conducting) and wooden (nonconducting) parts
••• Hemera Technologies/ Images
All materials are made up of atoms. The arrangement of the atoms determines their response to electricity conduction. Materials that do not conduct electricity are classified as insulators and those that conduct are called conductors. Conductors fully allow electricity to easily pass through. Superconductors have zero resistance, usually at low temperatures. Similarities exist between insulators and conductors in terms of structure, hardness and softness, density and doping, which is when some other element or compound is incorporated into an insulator or a conductor to change its electrical behavior. Doping can change a conductor to an insulator and vice versa.
All materials are made up of atoms arranged in many different ways. Conductors and insulators share this ultimate likeness at the atomic level. For example, wood, an insulator, is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms arranged in a particular structure to give the material called wood. A material like niobium oxide, a conductor, contains atoms of niobium and oxygen. Here the structure is different, but the basic building block in conductors and insulators are atoms.
Hardness and Softness
Hardness and softness are features shared by conductors and insulators. For example, sulfur is an insulator and is soft. Sodium, a metal, is a conductor and is also soft. On the hard side, we have Iron, which is a conductor, and glass, which is a hard insulator.
Density is a measure of how heavy a material is or how closely packed the atoms are. High-density materials can exist as conductors or insulators. For example, lead, a conductor, is a high-density material. So also is lead oxide, an insulator.
Appropriate doping of an insulator can make it a semiconductor or even a superconductor. An example is lanthanum copper oxide, a ceramic insulator. In 1986, George Bednorz and Alex Muller doped it with a little Barium and it became a superconductor with a high transition temperature. They got the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987 for that chemical trick of converting an insulator to a superconductor via doping. Similarly, a conductor can be made to become an insulator through doping. Aluminum is a conductor. Doping aluminum with oxygen gives aluminum oxide, an insulator.
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Villains Wiki
Villains Wiki
Villains Wiki
This article's content is marked as Mature
The Scorchbeasts are the primary antagonists of the 2018 online RPG Fallout 76.
The Scorchbeasts are bats mutated by radiation while the first (Potentially the Queen) was technically created before the war by a failed Enclave experiment. While most of the Enclave's leaders wanted to exterminate the beast, Secretary Eckhart wanted to further study it in a controlled environment. However, his true goal was to raise the region's DEFCON threat level to gain access to Appalachia's nuclear armament after discovering the mutated colony. Eckhart unwisely unleashed them on Appalachia as they began to break through the Earth through fissure sites across the region. The beasts made quick work of the various groups inhabiting the region, including forcing the Enclave into hiding, where they were wiped out soon after until almost no human life remained and most of Appalachia's organisms were infected with fumes from a virus that the Scorchbeasts were carrying, including humans.
Scorchbeasts are commonly encountered at fissure sites protecting the Ultracite ores. Scorchbeasts fly, but can land. They attack at melee distance with their claws and wings, and at a distance, can unleash powerful sonic blasts. They can also perform a crop-dusting sweep over the area, spreading radioactive Ultracite dust that can turn anything that can be infected into Scorched variants of itself. The Scorchbeast Queen's dust is poisonous and is a white color compared to the regular scorchbeasts' dust.
The Scorchbeast Queen which is nested in Fissure site Prime is considered to be the main antagonist of the game and acts as the final boss during "Scorched Earth". Her attacks are much stronger, and can summon Scorched variants of various enemies to defend herself with, ranging from weak rad-rats and mongrels to deadly mirelurk kings and queens, yao guai, gulpers, and deathclaws. If she is diseased, she can also infect players with The Blight.
Fallout Logo.png Villains
China | Vault-Tec
Recurring Groups and Creatures
Super Mutants | Enclave | Raiders | Children of Atom | Khans
Fallout 1
The Master | Lieutenant | Morpheus | Morbid | Gretch | Gizmo
Fallout 2
Frank Horrigan | Dick Richardson | Myron
Fallout 3
Allen Mack | Alphonse Almodovar | John Henry Eden | Colonel Autumn | Mr. Burke | Stanislaus Braun | Roy Phillips | Allistair Tenpenny | Eulogy Jones | Slavers | Talon Company | Brotherhood Outcasts | General Jingwei | Defender Sibley | Professor Calvert | Tobar the Ferryman | Wernher | Ishmael Ashur | Aliens | Lone Wanderer | Weston Lesko
Fallout: New Vegas
Caesar's Legion (Caesar, Legate Lanius, Vulpes Inculta) | Powder Gangers (Joe Cobb) | Benny | Mr. House | White Glove Society | Omertas | General Lee Oliver | Fiends (Motor Runner, Cook-Cook) | Jackal Gang | Viper Gang | Scorpion Gang | Tabitha | Father Elijah | Dean Domino | White Legs | Think-Tanks | Barton Thorn | Ghost People | Ulysses | Joshua Graham | Salt-Upon-Wounds | Marked Men
Fallout 4
Conrad Kellogg | Shaun | Mayor McDonough | Arthur Maxson | The Institute | Gunners | The Forged | Eddie Winter | Marowski | Bobbi No-Nose | Lorenzo Cabot | Sinjin | Dr. Chambers | Triggermen | Nisha | Mason | Mags Black | The Mechanist | Ivey | Rust Devils | Operators | Disciples | The Pack | Ezra Parker | Allen Lee | High Confessor Tektus | DiMA
Fallout 76
Fallout Tactics
Calculator | Simon Barnaky
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Total Number of words made out of Ho = 1
Ho is an acceptable word in Scrabble with 5 points. Ho is an accepted word in Word with Friends having 4 points. Ho is a 2 letter short Word starting with H and ending with O. Below are Total 1 words made out of this word.
Anagrams of ho
1). oh
Ho Meaning :- Who. Alt. of Hoa Alt. of Hoa
Synonyms of Ho:- holmium, Ho
Find Words which
Also see:-
1. Words that start with Ho
2. Words that end with Ho
3. Words Containing Ho
4. Vowel only words
5. consonant only words
6. 7 Letter words
7. Words with J
8. Words with Z
9. Words with X
10. Words with Q
11. Words that start with Q
12. Words that start with Z
13. Words that start with F
14. Words that start with X
Word Finder Tools
1. Scrabble finder
2. Words with friends finder
3. Anagram Finder
4. Crossword Solver
Words made from adding one letter in the Beginning of ho
mho oho rho tho who
Words made from adding one letter at the End of ho
hob hod hoe hog hon hop hot how hoy
Words made after changing First letter with any other letter in ho
bo do go jo lo mo no so to wo yo
Words made after changing Last letter with any other letter in ho
ha he hi hm
Note: There are 1 anagrams of the word ho. Anagrams are meaningful words made after rearranging all the letters of the word.
Note There are 0 vowel letters and 2 consonant letters in the word ho. H is 8th, O is 15th, Letter of Alphabet series.
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Ways of Writing a Good Term Paper
A term paper is an integral part of the learning process for students in schools. Students have to do my research papers for better grades. However, a top-rate paper requires much more than superficial hours of research.
So what is a term paper? It is a research paper that a student has to write and submit when the school’s semester ends. The article evaluates and tracks a learner’s knowledge base about a specific course. It usually entails a discussion or a report on a subject assigned by the instructor, and it has to be analytical, well-researched, and well-written.
How to Pick a Term Paper Subject
In most instances, instructors give students subjects to students related to their respective courses. But in other cases, they can also pick their topics to write about. Students can read articles, search the internet, magazine, blogs, or news to get subjects of interest. For an excellent term paper, the choice of the subject matters, and students have to be very careful. Consider the length of the assignment, the resources needed, and the complexity in picking a subject for your term paper.
Writing a Term Paper
You need to consider all the instructions relayed before starting the writing process. Get clarifications from instructors on points of contention and start the exercise as promptly as possible. Planning is also vital to ensure the end product is top rate. After finishing the term paper, make sure you proofread the piece to edit mistakes before submitting it.
The Outline of a Term Paper
An outline is an important aspect that helps a student effectively structure their term paper. It has to be produced before the start of the writing process while researching. Instructors have specific templates that they favor and thus will specify which type they want students to follow. However, a term paper template always includes six main sections.
• Cover page. The page should contain your name, instructor’s name, course number, and the submission deadline text at the center.
• Abstract. It should have a length not exceeding a page. The abstract should describe what your work entails and indicate the direction the paper will take. It should also articulate the issue and the importance of the subject to warrant you writing about it.
• Introduction. The section should start with the subject statement, then the explanation of the importance of the subject of discussion.It should also have an outlay of how you intend to resolve or discuss the issue.
• Body. In this section, the text has to have your main research points. You must provide information concerning the subject to enable the reader to comprehend what you are discussing.
• Results. In this section, explain the research outcomes and why it has led your findings regarding your subject. How have the results changed your view? Ensure that you link everything you explain with the contents of your introductory section.
• Discussion. The section should have a summary and end with a conclusion concerning the subject. You have to finalize by prompting your audience or stating a question to proceed to research the topic beyond the scope you’ve covered.
A term paper is a serious document that you must research thoroughly and hand it into your instructor for approval before starting the actual work on writing it. It must have citations of relevant work referenced in the appropriate style or format that is recommended by your instructor. Generally, you can MLA or APA format when writing the piece.
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Cyclic group
Also known as Monogenic Group
A cyclic group is the group which can be generated by a single element.
Symbolically a cyclic group is represented as,
G = {an : n I }
Here group ‘G‘ is generated by element ‘ a ‘.
Here element ‘a’ is called group generator.
Here ‘n’ is called finite group order.
Here ‘I’ is called identity element.
A cyclic group is Abelian.
Cyclic group is also called monogenic, because it is generated by a single element.
For example:
G = { 1, -1, i , -i } is cyclic.
We can write it as,
G = { i1 , i2 , i3 , i4 }
G’ is a cyclic group and ‘i’ is a generator.
Also can be written as,
G = { ( -i1 ) , ( -i2 ) , ( -i3 ) , ( -i4 ) }
G’ is a cyclic group and ‘ – i ‘ is a generator.
Problems based on above study:
Python Programming ↓ 👆
Java Programming ↓ 👆
JAVA covered following topics in these notes.
JAVA Programs
Principles of Programming Languages ↓ 👆
Principles of Programming Languages covered following topics in these notes.
Previous years solved papers:
A list of Video lectures References:
Computer Organization and Architecture ↓ 👆
Computer Organization and Architecture covered following topics in these notes.
1. Structure of desktop computers
2. Logic gates
3. Register organization
4. Bus structure
5. Addressing modes
6. Register transfer language
7. Direct mapping numericals
8. Register in Assembly Language Programming
9. Arrays in Assembly Language Programming
1. William stalling ,“Computer Architecture and Organization” PHI
2. Morris Mano , “Computer System Organization ”PHI
Computer Network ↓ 👆
Computer Network covered following topics in these notes.
1. Data Link Layer
2. Framing
3. Byte count framing method
4. Flag bytes with byte stuffing framing method
5. Flag bits with bit stuffing framing method
6. Physical layer coding violations framing method
7. Error control in data link layer
8. Stop and Wait scheme
9. Sliding Window Protocol
10. One bit sliding window protocol
11. A protocol Using Go-Back-N
12. Selective repeat protocol
13. Application layer
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Enhancing students creative writing skills and superb quality
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English creative writing coursework gcse
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Penn state mfa creative writing
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Firecracker plant
The plant is native to Mexico and Guatemala.
The name Russelia honors the Scottish naturalist Alexander Russell (1715-1768), given to the genus by the Dutch scientist Baron Nikolaus von Jacquin (1727-1817). The species name reference to this plants resemblance to horse tail rushes, and the Latin term equisetiformis means "like Equisetum."
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BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-// iCalcreator 2.18// BEGIN:VEVENT UID:20211016T182638EDT-11119FezZF@ DTSTAMP:20211016T222638Z DESCRIPTION:Significant change is becoming a regular aspect of our complex world. When faced with disruption\, we have two choices: to lean away from discomfort and the unexpected\, or lean into the possibilities change pre sents.\n\n\n In this workshop\, we will explore what makes us lean away or into transition\, and how our approach to change has a meaningful impact o n ourselves and those we steward.\n\nTo register:\n\n1. Click here to acce ss Minerva.\n\n2. In the Employee Menu\, click on Training Menu\, select O rganizational Development\, and follow the instructions to register.\n DTSTART:20210909T140000Z DTEND:20210909T160000Z SUMMARY:Leaning into Discomfort URL: END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR
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a.1.(Bot.) Producing three leaves; as, three-leaved nightshade.
Three-leaved nightshade
See Trillium.
References in periodicals archive ?
Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the holy trinity in Christian faith -- the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
, means three-leafed. But an estimated one out of every 10,000 clovers is four-leafed.
One of the newly discovered genes can produce a four-leafed clover, but it's usually suppressed by another gene that controls the plant's three-leafed trait.
Mysteriously staff and students found their desks adorned with shamrock - a lucky three-leafed white clover today.
The winning drawing - called My Irish Roots - depicts the three-leafed shamrock worked around the Google name.
Among the jewellery stolen was a gold ring with diamonds in the shape of a three-leafed clover and an engagement ring with three diamonds.
If it was your job to set the table for the most anticipated meal of the week, roast beef, usually served festively to animated guests, you opened the china cabinet and chose three decorative sets, which you strategically spread along the three-leafed table.
The cherished three-leafed plant - the emblem of St Patrick - is so popular around the world that growers fear its popularity could soon kill it off.
He says that demand for the three-leafed plant has increased year by year, with people all over the world wanting some.
Its mission reflects that focus: "To show people how they can use the power of their bodies and minds to make their lives better." And even its logo, a three-leafed plant whose roots stretch as deep and as wide as its branches, exemplifies Rodale's formula for success: strong, consistent leadership; a commitment to health and better living; and a depth of knowledge.
COBH RAMBLERS should adopt their three-leafed clover as a new club emblem having carried off an amazing smash and grab raid to seal their FAI Cup quarter-final berth.
A shortage of the famous three-leafed national emblem has sent prices sky high.
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| 0.831143 |
Transport in xylem - planning 9.1
Planning sheet for introduction to cells
Desired Results
• Leaves are adapted to absorb carbon dioxide from the air therefore transpiration can also occur in leaves and water is lost to the air.
• The structure of primary xylem vessels.
• Xylem vessels transport water from roots to leaves to replace water lost in transpiration.
• The cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules allow water transport under tension in xylem and cell walls.
• The roots cells use active transport for the uptake of mineral ions (nitrates) which causes osmosis and the absorption of water.
• Xerophytic plants in deserts have adaptations for water conservation.
Essential Question(s)
• In what ways is a leaf like human lungs?
• Why is cohesion and adhesion of water molecules important for the transport of water in tubes?
• What factors can speed up osmosis?
• What is the role of active transport in osmosis in the roots?
• Imagine five modifications that a plant could do to its roots leaves and stems which would help it live in a dry (or salty) place.
TOK / Nature of Science / IM
• The different mechanisms of transpiration can be investigated outside plants using models, eg porous pot potometers, capillary tubing & blotting paper.
Skills students will have
• Ability to draw the structure of primary xylem vessels in stems from microscope slides.
• Recognition of structure and function of xylem. (essential idea)
• Use potometers to measure transpiration rates
Transpiration experiment using potometers
• Design an experiment to test hypotheses about the effects of abiotic factors on transpiration rates.
Planning experiment - abiotic factors and transpiration
Learning Activities
The structure of leaves and the guard cell's dilemma.
A short video introduction to the roles of cells in a leaf followed by some simple note taking about leaf structure and function. The function of stomata is linked to carbon dioxide absorption and also to the problem of water loss. Finally, some simple questions test knowledge at the end.
Plant structure - introduction
Time: 1hr This lesson begins with a hands-on look inside the roots and stems of plants to see that the cells are not all the same and that there are specialised cells helping the plant to transport water and sugars. Not to mention supporting the plant. A short research task is designed to help students find the key details about xylem and phloem which will be needed in the following lessons. Finally, some simple questions tests factual recall.
Transport in Xylem
Time: 1h This lesson follows on from the lesson on vascular tissues and explores the details of the way water travels through plants and how the plant is adapted to facilitate this transpiration stream. The movement of mineral ions and the role of mutualistic fungi alre also included. The role of water and vascular tissue in the support of plants includes the presence of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and lignified xylem. The role of phloem in translocation of sugars makes a good comparison activity.
Transpiration and Xerophytes
Time:1hr This lesson builds on the adaptations of the plant to enable transpiration covered in lesson 4. The difference between transpiration and transpiration stream is clarified and the factors which control transpiration rates are explored, including; opening and closing of guard cells, the plant hormone abscisic acid and abioic factors. Once this is understood students can apply their understanding to adaptations of xerophytes.
Experiments on Transpiration
Time: 1h Using potometers is a nice way to explore the relationship between abiotic factors and transpiration rates. This experiment could be adapted and used as an investigation. Much depends on the equipment available and there are some suggestions for simple versions of these experiments in this lab.
Planning Skill Development
This is an activity to help students to identify DV and IV then to work out the factors which need controlling. Then to plan their analysis of the data, and this deduce how many data to collect in the experiment.
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| 0.960172 |
Two-Core Sheilded Electrodes
SS-3: $145.95 - Discontinued
Narishige's, SS-3 is a shielded microelectrode, used to measure action potentials from such place as muscle fibers. The microelectrode is the dual-core type and can move freely by means of a ball joint. Used while attached to the SS-1.
Dimensions/Weight W215 x D105 x H15mm, 100g
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| 0.984249 |
Temple of Apollo - Portara
Temple of Apollo - Portara Naxos Island GreeceThe temple was begun by the tyrant Lygdamis, who ruled Naxos from 545 to 524 BC, but it was unfinished at the end of his reign and never thereafter completed.
All that remains today are the platform of the temple, some columns and architectural fragments, and the north-west portal made from three massive blocks of Naxian marble, with a clear opening 6.2 metres in height and 3.7 metres wide. As originally planned, the structure centred on a cella, the enclosed sanctuary, within which there was a colonnade of two rows with four columns in each row. The outer walls of the cella projected beyond the inner sanctuary to form porches at either end; these were distyle-in-antis - i.e. with two columns standing between each pair of corner posts.
Fragments of the colonnade and other architectural members are now arrayed around the platform, but despite recent archaeological investigations it is still difficult to determine just how far construction of the temple was carried to completion.
The temple served as a quarry in Byzantine times, and its marble blocks, columns, and capitals have been identified in several churches in Naxos Town, as well as in the medieval mansions and fortifications in the Venetian Castro on the Acropolis.
The Naxians have been coming here to watch and wait for ships since Theseus arrived from Crete on his black-sailed caique, and the temple doorway has been part of the local scene for so long now that it has virtually become the symbol of Naxos.
In medieval times, when the ancient gods were no longer officially worshipped on Naxos but by no means forgotten there, the ruined temple and the islet on which it stands were first called the Palatia, for the islanders believed that this had once been the palace of Ariadne. Despite archaeological evidence to the contrary, it is still called the Palatia, and there are moonlit nights when one feels that this sacred place is haunted by the divine presence of the sleeping goddess.
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| 0.795385 |
Contributed Talk - Splinter Culture
Wednesday, 15 September 2021, 14:20 (virtual Cult)
The Babylonian GU-text
Jeanette Fincke, Wayne Horowitz, Susanne M Hoffmann
NINO Leiden, HU Jerusalem, FSU Jena
The Babylonian GU-text is a unique text that has been hardly understood until today. This contribution presents a new reading of the text, leading to new identifications of the stars enlisted.
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| 0.999814 |
Downloading Reporting Data
Integrations with third party systems typically want to sync Recipient events, eg. use bounces to mark CRM records as unreachable, and analyse sends, opens, clicks in a BI tool.
The most direct route to receiving Recipient events is to configure Webhooks on your Maxemail space. This will send all events (or a subset of selected types), firehose-style, to your selected endpoint in near-real-time.
For frequent data sync using the API, our recommended approach is to use the Quick Data Export service. This allows you to specify a datetime filter from which to retrieve activity, so you can configure your application to only fetch data since your last sync.
Usually, the simplest approach is to fetch data in the early hours of each day, using the filter to request data since 00.00 on the previous calendar date.
Requesting data more frequently, such as every 6 hours, is acceptable if the age of the data is critical to your application, however fetching too much and/or too often might cause the API access to be suspended.
The original Quick Data Export service is used for standard Email Campaigns, and similar services exist for Triggered Emails, Transactional Emails and SMS. Each of these services' methods generate immediately the data and return a string response providing a file download key which can be used immediately to download the exported data. The file will be available for 1 day.
Data is downloaded as a CSV file. Examples can be easily seen using the interface, as the same services are used there to download data for specific emails. Open any completed email's Reporting tab to see the Export icon next to each stat in the Breakdown table (Exporter role is required for your user account).
As the downloaded data is recipient-centric, the specific message (eg. Email Campaign, Triggered Email, SMS) is only referenced by its ID. If you need to fetch data about the message, use the relevant message type's find method, eg. EmailCampaign.find and store the result locally so that you do not need to request it for each recipient or each day.
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| 0.848326 |
This paper reports findings from ongoing research partnerships with inclusive classrooms and with selective and competitive outreach programs that seek to bridge the gap between school, college, and college occupations for Latinos and other underrepresented youth. The findings are based on qualitative methods (interviews, field observations, and case studies) and quantitative methods (surveys, grades, test scores, and statistical analyzes) involving more than 850 students. This study sought to answer the following questions:
to. What are the immigration backgrounds / histories and education of the parents?
B. What challenges do students’ families, peers, schools, and communities present, and what resources do these different “worlds” provide?
vs. What are the students’ pathways through the classes required for college eligibility? Y
D. How do students’ family backgrounds, resources, challenges in the worlds, and school paths predict college enrollment and eligibility?
In answering these questions, five key findings were uncovered about how Latino children build pathways to college.
Finding 1: Demographics are not destiny, but democracy requires vigilance
The demographic profiles of the students who participated in the competitive outreach programs revealed very different patterns for African Americans and Latinos. The African American students in the competitive program sample, all but one born in the United States, likely had parents born in the United States with a college education. Latino students, more than 19% of whom were born outside the country, likely had immigrant parents with a high school education or less. Thus, African American youth in the sample were following their parents ‘paths to college, and Latino youth were beginning to outgrow their parents’ education. However, other research studies have consistently found different participation rates across social class, immigration generation, and gender in college outreach programs among African American and Latino youth, who are underrepresented in the same way at four-year colleges throughout California. ; and there is concern as to why more low-income African American youth and second- and third-generation Latino youth were not participating in outreach programs. One possibility is that the Saturday and summer academies of outreach programs conflict with students’ work schedules; Another is that the distribution of information and the recruitment of outreach programs do not reach all families equally.
When factors that predict students’ long-term school trajectories were examined, little predictive power was found in family demographic backgrounds for Latino or African-American families. Other research shows correlations between parental education and children’s academic success, so why weren’t any found here? One possibility is that parental education generally predicts activities such as getting children into programs like the ones in this study. Focusing only on students in such programs may have prevented the impact of parental education from being detected. But the actions of families may be more important than demographic background.
Finding 2: Ethnically diverse youth begin to develop career and college goals in childhood from challenges and resources unique to their worlds
One hundred and sixteen sixth-grade students of Mexican descent who applied for the community college selective outreach program described their dreams of becoming doctors, lawyers, nurses, and teachers, as well as secretaries, police officers, firefighters, and mechanics. The challenges the children saw in achieving their dreams included not having enough money to pay for school, as well as the expectations of family members and peers. The children saw their families (parents, brothers and cousins); your teachers, school counselors, and coaches; his friends; and themselves as their greatest resources.
Finding 3: Mathematical paths to college diverge early, but some return to normal
Math classes and grades are useful indicators of college eligibility and career opportunities. In the competitive program sample, trajectories were found that slowly decline, rapidly decline, increase, and “get back on track” (decreasing and then increasing). Youth who stayed on track or got back on track toward college eligibility and enrollment found resources from families, teachers, coaches, tutors, or youth workers and reported challenges from modest levels of sibling and parenting education.
Finding 4: Challenges and Resources in Student Lives Affect Program Participation, College Eligibility, Enrollment, and Progress
Addressing the realities of student lives – at home, school, community, and with friends – is critical to both program improvement and profitability. In the inclusive classroom sample, parents considered their main role to be the moral guide of their children and sought to protect their children from negative peer influences. For these parents, a strong moral education includes support for academic achievement. However, not all parents are aware of the academic rigors their children face. For example, Mexican immigrant parents had high aspirations for their children to become doctors, lawyers, or teachers; however, many were unaware that these goals required a college education.
Teachers and school counselors can act as institutional gatekeepers when evaluating students against standardized performance benchmarks that determine eligibility for college preparatory, vocational, or remedial classes. When elementary school teachers and counselors disproportionately place Latino students in special education classes and low-ability reading and math groups, they send these students to remedial courses in middle and high school. But teachers and counselors, of any ethnic background, can also act as cultural intermediaries helping Latino children succeed in school and achieve their dreams.
Students report that religious, sports, and outreach leaders and organizations influenced them to accept jobs that would help their communities. For these reasons, underrepresented youth and their families often benefit from the instrumental support of community organizations that link school, college, and college-based occupations.
Finding 5: Ingredients of effective bridging programs
Beginning in elementary school, teachers can discuss the links between career dreams and going to college, define grade point averages and scholarships, and explain practical college topics that would be meaningful to school-age children. Such an education can get young children excited about college and help them set realistic goals for getting there. At the middle school level, college student tutoring, parental involvement activities, and academic advising can help “at risk” students stay on track for college. Continuing these programs in high school, as well as increasing minority enrollment in college preparatory classes, will also help expand the number of students going to college.
By helping Latino youth find pathways to success, programs can forge cross-generational links that span senior staff, young adults, and the families they serve. These loosely knit networks can foster new leadership with the cultural skills that today’s children need to succeed in an increasingly diverse world.
The young adult staff also provide children the opportunity to speak and write about their dreams of careers, education, families, and their communities. Young adults value students’ home communities and many share a common language and family history with children. Many have learned to be bicultural and can pass on their understanding of how to preserve community traditions by entering and succeeding in schools, universities, or local government. In the screened program sample, it was found that, like Latino parents, young adult staff defined success in life both in moral terms and in terms of school success. In guiding the youth, the staff drew on the positives and negatives of their past experiences. They understood the importance of grades, helped children with homework, and offered a broad view of schools, universities, and other major institutions that helped children connect their family, school, and community to their personal dreams and fears. for the future.
Our common goal is to improve access to higher education for children from diverse ethnic, racial, and economic communities. America’s ability to be a nation “where diversity works” is based on customizing outreach programs for communities, while serving common goals and collaborating among many diverse stakeholders: students, families, schools. , community organizations, legislators, the business sector and the media. These goals will be achieved by building clear conceptual models of change, testing them with evidence, and strengthening communication between stakeholders. Students’ progress through the academic pipeline from kindergarten through college and careers is often portrayed as a ball rolling straight through a sturdy pipeline. Rather, unlike the ball, which remains unchanged as it moves through the tube, students change as they move through elementary, middle, and high school toward college and adulthood. In fact, students’ development paths are more like those of explorers navigating uncharted territories, here the world of families, peers, schools, and communities; As students pursue their school, career, and other personal goals, they encounter barriers that can derail or stop their progress. Finally, unlike the robust pipeline, programs that provide bridges across gaps or barriers in student pathways are changing in response to financial resources, pressures, and losses, as well as changing political arenas.
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| 0.761371 |
Freshing Coolture
Food and Time-travelling
5 Steps to Boost Your Creativity
Collaborate with other creative minds Plato believed that the only way one could reach knowledge and truth was through dialectic; which basically means a dialogue between two or more people. So, it is not too crazy to believe that collaborating with others may just be what you need...
fresh news
Caribbean vibes in a new smoothie with acerola
Kickstart your morning with exotic flavours. We have upgraded the classic combination of banana and strawberry smoothies by adding the extraordinary acerola. Acerola, also called the Barbados cherry, grows across the Caribbean, Central America and northern parts of South America. Its fruits are loaded with...
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FC1000 Operator Manual | 8.2018
because if the ash pan is allowed to remain inside the furnace during operation, it will become dangerously hot to touch, block the flow of air under the grates and reduce the efficiency of the furnace. Remove the ashes from your Fire Chief Furnace at least once a day, or as often as necessary to ensure the ashes do not accumulate to the height of the grates. If ash build-up occurs at grate level, it will cause premature failure of the grate system, voiding the warranty on the grates. Unacceptably high temperatures will result because the ashes have restricted the flow of cooling air beneath the grates. This flow of air was designed to not only cool the grates, but to also provide warmed air for better combustion. If the ash level is improperly maintained the firebox will be starved of combustion air, greatly reducing the efficiency and heat output of your Fire Chief Furnace. CAUTION: HOT SURFACES. KEEP CHILDREN AWAY. DO NOT TOUCH DURING OPERATION.
Draft Blower: The draft blower plays an important role in the operation of your Fire Chief Furnace. When the wall thermostat calls for heat, the draft motor turns on and supplies fresh air into the firebox producing a hotter fire, which in turns provides more heat in the heat chamber. The heat is then sent through the duct system throughout your home. When the wall thermostat temperature is met, the draft blower shuts
off until the thermostat calls for heat, beginning the cycle again. Creosote Formation and Need for Removal:
When wood is burned slowly, it produces compounds in exhaust smoke which combine with expelled moisture to form creosote. The creosote vapors condense in the relatively cooled chimney flue of a slow burning fire. As a result, creosote residue accumulates on the flue lining. When ignited, this creosote makes an extremely dangerous fire in the chimney. The chimney connector and the chimney should be inspected at least twice monthly during the heating season to determine if a creosote build-up has occurred. If creosote has accumulated it should be removed to reduce risk of a chimney fire. Creosote Prevention: To help reduce the formation of creosote within the flue, ALWAYS BURN DRY, SEASONED WOOD. Dry wood burns hotter, allowing flue gases to maintain temperatures above 212°F which should reduce the quantity of creosote in the chimney. If the flue gas temperature falls below 212°F, condensation occurs causing creosote formation and accumulation within the chimney. As an added precaution, periodic chimney inspections are recommended during the heating season to determine if creosote formation has occurred. For safety and efficiency, it is recommended that the chimney system be inspected and cleaned prior to each heating season. Chimney Fire Warning: In the event of a chimney fire, take the following actions immediately: • Activate and toss a Chimfex™ Dry Chemical Chimney Fire Extinguisher into the firebox.
• Close the ash door, fuel door and slide cover on the draft motor. • Alert entire household and prepare to evacuate if necessary. • Call your local fire department.
Power Failure: In case of power failure, to prevent your Fire Chief Furnace from over-heating and causing damage to the electrical components, do NOT add more fuel to the firebox.
There is no warranty on electrical components damaged due to power failure.
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| 0.897629 |
On some properties of stochastic information processes in neurons and neuron populations - Mathematical model approach
Yasuo Matsuyama*, Katsuhiko Shirai, Kageo Akizuki
研究成果: Article査読
14 被引用数 (Scopus)
The information in the nervous spike trains and its processing by neural units are discussed. In these problems, our attention is focused on the stochastic properties of neurons and neuron populations. There are three subjects in this paper, which are the spontaneous type neuron, the forced type neuron and the reciprocal inhibitory pairs. 1. The spontaneous type neuron produces spikes without excitatory inputs. The mathematical model has the following assumptions. The neuron potential (NP) has the fluctuation and obeys the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, because the N P is not so perfectly random as that of the Wiener process but has an attraction to the rest value. The threshold varies exponentially and the NP has the constant lower limit. When the NP reaches the threshold, the neuron fires and the NP is reset to a certain position. After a firing, an absolute refractory period exists. In discussing the stochastic properties of neurons, the transition probability density function and the first passage time density function are the important quantities, which are governed by the Kolmogorov's equations. Although they can be set up easily, we can rarely obtain the analytical solutions in time domain. Moreover, they cover only simple properties. Hence the numerical analysis is performed and a good deal of fair results are obtained and discussed. 2. The forced type neuron has input pulse trains which are assumed to be based on the Poisson process. Other assumptions and methods are almost the same as above except the diffusion approximation of the stochastic process. In this case, we encounter the inhomogeneous process due to the pulse-frequency-modulation, whose first passage time density reveals the multimodal distribution. The numerical analysis is also tried, and the output spike interval density is further discussed in the case of the periodic modulation. 3. Two types of reciprocal inhibitory pairs are discussed. The first type has two excitatory driving inputs which are mutually independent. The second type has one common excitatory input but it advances in two ways, one of which has a time lag. The neuron dynamics is the same as that of the forced type neuron and each neuron has an identical structure. The inputs are assumed to be based on the Poisson process and the inhibition occurs when the companion neuron fires. In this case, the equations of the probability density functions are not obtained. Hence the computer simulation is tried and it is observed that the stochastic rhythm emerges in spite of the temporally homogeneous inputs. Furthermore, the case of inhomogeneous inputs is discussed.
出版ステータスPublished - 1974 9
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• 生物理学
• 医学（全般）
「On some properties of stochastic information processes in neurons and neuron populations - Mathematical model approach」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
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| 0.880905 |
@article{ISI:000443825900020, Title = {{Plasmonic Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Ag and Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Au Supports with Peroxidase-Like Activity: Insights from Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy}}, Author = {Song, Wei and Hildebrandt, Peter and Weidinger, Inez M.}, Pages = {{1541-1550}}, Year = {2018}, Issn = {{0942-9352}}, Doi = {10.1515/zpch-2018-1126}, Journal = {{ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY \& CHEMICAL PHYSICS}}, Volume = {{232}}, Number = {{9-11, SI}}, Month = {{AUG}}, Abstract = {{In the present study, we present nanostructured bimetallic Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Au(Ag) supports that exhibit plasmonic electromagnetic field enhancement and peroxidase-like catalytic activity. The Cu2S component acts as the peroxidase-like catalyst, while the Au or Ag component provides the necessary light enhancement for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) studies of surface bound molecular reactants. As a test reaction the catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in presence of H2O2 was investigated. The comparison of product evolution in solution measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy and on the surface measured via SERS is able to give more insight into the different steps involved in the overall catalysis.}} }
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| 0.804084 |
BUTTON in Scrabble & Word with Friends Score
BUTTON is a 6 letter word starting with B and ending with N
Definitions & Synonyms
Synonyms: release
noun - an electrical switch operated by pressing
Synonyms: push push button
noun - a female sexual organ homologous to the penis
noun - any artifact that resembles a button
noun - any of various plant parts that resemble buttons
noun - a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes
noun - a round flat badge displaying information and suitable for pinning onto a garment
verb - fasten with buttons
verb - provide with buttons
Anagrams for BUTTON
6 letter words from BUTTON Anagram
5 letter words from BUTTON Anagram
2 letter words from BUTTON Anagram
Crossword-Clues with BUTTON
Crossword-Clues containing BUTTON
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| 0.997606 |
Umbrella tree
Schefflera actinophylla is a tree in the Araliaceae family. It is native to tropical rainforests and gallery forests in Australia (eastern Queensland and the Northern Territory), New Guinea and Java. Common names include Queensland umbrella tree, octopus tree and amate.
The specific epithet actinophylla means "with radiating leaves".
The up to 1,000 flowers produced by the plant generate large amounts of nectar, attracting honey-eating birds which pollinate them. The fruits are eaten by many birds and animals including musky rat-kangaroos, red-legged pademelons and spectacled flying foxes. Its leaves are a favourite food of the Bennett's tree-kangaroo.
Schefflera actinophylla is commonly grown in mild to warm climates as a decorative tree in larger gardens and, when mature, it has bright red spikes of flowers with up to 20 racemes which develop in summer or early autumn. Propagation is by seed or cuttings. It prefers well-drained soil and only needs occasional watering and feeding to thrive. It is, however, an aggressive plant and its roots can dominate surrounding soil. In some areas (e.g., Florida and Hawaii, USA) it is an invasive weed and therefore planting is highly unadvised.
With a minimum temperature of 13 °C (55 °F), juvenile specimens are grown in temperate regions as houseplants. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
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| 0.759452 |
Consider a single photon with a wavelength of λ, a frequency of ν, and an energy of E. What is the wavelength, frequency, and energy of a pulse of light containing 100 of these photons?
A)100λ, 100ν, and E
B)0.01λ, ν, and 100E
C)λ, ν, and 100E
D)0.01λ, 0.01ν, and 0.01E
E)100λ, 100ν, and 100E
1. 👍
2. 👎
3. 👁
1. C)λ, ν, and 100E
1. 👍
2. 👎
2. Since energy is proportional to the number of photons, you often see energy of light expressed in joules per mole of photons (J/mol.) However, you will never see wavelength or frequency expressed in terms of moles. So the answer is C) λ, ν, and 100E.
1. 👍
2. 👎
3. obtuse rubber goose green moose guava juice
1. 👍
2. 👎
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| 0.998155 |
Beyond multicultural education: critical race theory, culturally relevant pedagogy and teacher training (interview with professor Gloria Ladson-Billings)
In this interview, Professor Gloria Ladson-Billings analyzes the concepts of 'critical race theory' and 'culturally relevant pedagogy', emphasizes the importance of these concepts in the process of overcoming conservative models of multicultural education, and discusses the challenges for those working in the field of curriculum and teacher education, especially when they deal with the issue of race. Finally, she comments on her knowledge of the Brazilian educational reality and argues that Brazil should participate in a movement for the creation of a global critical race consciousness.
Critical Race Theory; Culturally Relevant Pedagogy; Multicultural Education; Teacher Training
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Principle of Membrane Switch
Published by admin 2020-09-25 15:36:46
Membrane switch is a multilayer structure (planar) type (non-locking) key switch composed of a certain elastic insulating material layer, which integrates functions such as keys, indicating elements, and instrument panels. The action of the membrane switch is only realized by the vertical movement of the elastic membrane. Although the elastic membrane has undergone a million peristaltic movements, and the amplitude of the peristaltic movement is very small, only 0.1-0.3MM, and the material selection is reasonable, so the membrane material It can withstand a long life of more than one million times without deformation, which determines the durability of the membrane switch.
Membrane switches are beautiful in appearance, long service life, simple in structure, easy to install, feel good in use, and occupy a small area. They are widely used in all walks of life, from household appliances to high-tech products, slowly replacing them Part of the tact switch market has a huge share in the market.
Generally speaking, common membrane switches are mainly composed of 6 layers of materials, which are panel, surface glue, upper circuit, isolation layer, lower circuit, and primer in the order from the surface to the inside. The following describes each layer structure:
Automobile power capacitor controlled touch sensor
1) Panel: The panel is the "coat" of the entire membrane switch. On the basis of proper arrangement of the buttons, different colors, patterns, and button shapes play a necessary decorative role on the entire membrane switch. The main function of the panel layer is to play the role of identification and keys, so the selected material must have the characteristics of high transparency, high ink adhesion, high elasticity, and anti-folding properties.
2) Upper circuit and lower circuit: The upper and lower circuits are the electrical components of the membrane switch, and are also where the "off" and "key" of the switch are located. The upper layer of conductive material is formed. The upper and lower circuits play the two electric shock roles necessary for the switch to close, and their thickness is generally within 0.05-0.175MM, and the most common one is 0.125MM PET.
3) Surface glue, isolation layer, bottom glue: The materials of these three-layer structures are all double-sided adhesives, which have different names due to different positions in the switch structure. The three-layer double-sided tape has different thickness depending on the level of each, which is mainly determined by the thickness of the switch and the operating force of the button.
The basic working principle of the membrane switch is as follows: when the panel is not pressed, the membrane switch is in the normal state, and its upper and lower contacts are disconnected, and the isolation layer isolates the upper and lower circuits; when the panel is pressed, the upper The contact of the circuit deforms downwards, and merges with the lower circuit to make the circuit turn on. The turned on circuit signals the external connected instrument (substrate) to realize its corresponding function; when the finger is released, the upper circuit touches The point bounces back, the circuit breaks, and the circuit triggers a signal.
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The interpretations of scalar implicatures, presuppositions, and implicated presupposition by Thai children with autism
Nattanun Chanchaochai
Using the negated universal quantifiernot every, the study investigates the interpretations of scalar implicatures, lexical presuppositions, and implicated presuppositions by Thai children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs; n= 32), comparedto their typically-developing (TD) peers (n= 70) and adults (n= 40). The results provide further empirical evidence to the literature (Chevallier et al. 2010, Hochstein et al. 2017, Pijnacker et al. 2009) that not only do adolescents with ASD perform on par with TD adolescents,children with ASD are also age-appropriate in their performance on deriving scalar implicatures. Despite the children with ASD's ability to compute scalar implicature, they still tend to give more logical, literal responses, compared to their peers. Compared to adults, both children with ASD and TD children still have a higher tendency to rely on the logical meaning rather than pragmatically inferred meaning. They are also less likely than adults to derive scalar implicatures, but equally likely to derive lexical presuppositions. No additive effects of implicated presuppositions are found in any group of the participants.
scalar implicatures; presuppositions; implicated presupposition; acquistion; typically-developing children; children with autism spectrum dirorder
Full Text:
Copyright (c) 2021 Nattanun Chanchaochai
Creative Commons License
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Fig. 17 Ocean going Arab dhows carried the culture of Arabia to India and the eastern coast of Africa, known as the Zinj. This traffic was already going on in the day of Mohammed, so Islam and Allah were carried there also. In India, the Vedanta Hindi word for "lord" is "Isa." The dhow was also used on the coast of North Africa, by Arab Pirates in the 1800s, so effectively that the USA had to send naval defense of its interests.
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BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 CALSCALE:GREGORIAN PRODID:iCalendar-Ruby BEGIN:VEVENT CATEGORIES:Information Sessions DESCRIPTION:A rubric is a tool that lists evaluation criteria for an assign ment. Rubrics can help students organize their efforts to meet the requirem ents of an assignment. Instructors use rubrics to ensure consistent and imp artial grading. In this training we will cover how to create a rubric and h ow to use it to grade students' online submissions. DTEND:20190910T163000Z DTSTAMP:20211016T215820Z DTSTART:20190910T153000Z LOCATION:IT Training Room (Fishbowl) ACAD700E\, ACAD 700E SEQUENCE:0 SUMMARY:Introduction to Blackboard Rubrics\,2008:EventInstance_31079302752434 URL: END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR
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cdCon2021 has ended
Back To Schedule
Thursday, June 24 • 9:35am - 10:05am
CI/CD as a Service: Moving Towards Scalable Continuous Delivery - Samed Guner & Abhinav Srivastava, SAP
Feedback form is now closed.
At SAP Artificial Intelligence we build and run large number of microservices from different teams across different time zones, different technologies and different hyperscalers. Given this diversity in people, time and technologies everyone starts to build their own CI/CD, infrastructure management, testing strategies and many more. This leads to repetitive work, unfilled security/product standards, high lead time, firefighting and a sleepless operations team. So what is the answer to all of these problems? As the central AI DevOps team we want to share our journey and experience in building a centrally governed CI/CD, one-click onboarding, infrastructure management, test strategy and delivery process. In particular how to use Jenkins pipelines at scale to support over 200 developers and how to streamline deployments using Spinnaker and ArgoCD while managing the infrastructure.
avatar for Samed Güner
Samed Güner
Senior DevOps Engineer, SAP
avatar for Abhinav Srivastava
Abhinav Srivastava
Senior DevOps Engineer, SAP
Abhinav Srivastava is currently working as a DevOps lead for SAP Artificial Intelligence embedding large scale AI into enterprise applications. He loves to dig into various DevOps problems and solve them with modern technologies. He architects, creates, scales and optimizes DevOps... Read More →
Thursday June 24, 2021 9:35am - 10:05am EDT
Continuous Delivery
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What is student engagement questionnaire?
What is the purpose of student engagement?
What is student engagement and why is it important?
Why is student engagement important? … When students display high levels of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement, they are more likely to excel academically, form a stronger sense of connection with their school, and have a more positive sense of social-emotional well-being.
How do you measure student engagement?
Here are a few methods.
1. Monitor participation. The easiest way to assess the engagement of your students is to simply observe how they participate in the classroom. …
2. Monitor participation in small groups. …
3. Gamify participation. …
4. Pop quiz! …
5. Ask your students.
What is considered student engagement?
IT\'S FUN: How long do guys need to get ready for wedding?
What are examples of student engagement?
Yet a few illustrative examples include school-supported volunteer programs and community-service requirements (engaging students in public service and learning through public service), student organizing (engaging students in advocacy, community organizing, and constructive protest), and any number of potential …
Is student engagement a problem?
What does engagement look like in the classroom?
Indicators of Behavioral Engagement: Students are alert and listening. They track the lesson with their eyes. They take notes and ask questions.
What are some key indicators of student engagement?
Simple Indicators of Student Engagement
• Are students working with peers?
• Are students part of an active discussion?
• Do students make choices about how to approach their work?
• Are students asking questions?
• Are students making their learning visible to others?
What are three dimensions of student engagement?
Student engagement is a multi-faced concept (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) and should be examined holistically, rather than in isolation.
What research says about student engagement?
According to multiple research studies, engaged students: Experience improved academic achievement and satisfaction. Are more likely to persist through academic struggles. Earn higher standardized test scores.
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Publish date:
The Federal Reserve Is Behaving Like "A Stubborn Child," Alleges Actual Stubborn Child
American monetary policy is the best soap opera we have.
We have reached the point where the United States is watching its actual monetary policy be dictated less by cold economic data than by hot, messy drama.
Like this delicious self-own from the President of the United States:
Game recognize game.
Jay Powell Is A Cuck
By using logic and reasoning, Jay Powell played hisself.
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'To see' and 'to know”
Bernaro Parzysz
Didactica Mathematicae (1989)
• Volume: 11, Issue: 01
• ISSN: 0208-8916
The article contains no abstract
How to cite
Bernaro Parzysz. ""To see" and "to know”." Didactica Mathematicae 11.01 (1989): null. <http://eudml.org/doc/295268>.
author = {Bernaro Parzysz},
journal = {Didactica Mathematicae},
keywords = {},
language = {pol},
number = {01},
pages = {null},
title = {"To see" and "to know”},
url = {http://eudml.org/doc/295268},
volume = {11},
year = {1989},
AU - Bernaro Parzysz
TI - "To see" and "to know”
JO - Didactica Mathematicae
PY - 1989
VL - 11
IS - 01
SP - null
LA - pol
KW -
UR - http://eudml.org/doc/295268
ER -
NotesEmbed ?
You must be logged in to post comments.
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| 0.89968 |
Insights into the buying/selling behaviors of LGBTQ+ homeowners
Photo by Unsplash
Homebuyers who identify as LBGTQ+ reportedly tend to purchase older, smaller homes than their non-LBGTQ+ counterparts. This demographic also report planning to live in their new homes for 10 years, an average of five years less than buyers who identify as cisgender and/or straight. These findings come from the 2021 Profile of LGBTQ Home Buyers and Sellers from the National Association of Realtors (NAR), whose research team also found that LGBTQ+ buyers and sellers were more likely than non-LGBTQ to be single men and unmarried couples and were more likely to identify as male than as female. Also, buyers and sellers who identified as bisexual were more likely than other groups to be younger, be first-time homebuyers or sellers, and report lower incomes.
“Understanding how buyers navigate the housing market is essential to Realtors,” said Jessica Lautz, NAR’s VP of demographics and behavioral insights. “This report details the impact of the housing affordability challenges on LGBTQ buyers, who typically had lower household incomes and were more likely to be purchasing more affordable homes.”
Learn more here: Examining Buying, Selling Behaviors of LBGTQ+ Homeowners
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| 0.860293 |
The Flat Earth Wiki
The Flat Earth Wiki
Log in
Bi-Polar Model
From The Flat Earth Wiki
Revision as of 08:21, 1 June 2021 by Tom Bishop (talk | contribs)
The existence of a South Pole has been long theorized. Prior to Samuel Rowbotham's Earth Not a Globe, the Flat Earth model had multiple poles (See: The Anti-Newtonian). It is thought that Rowbotham simplified the matter to one pole in his work due to the lack of direct evidence at the time for additional poles. The Bi-Polar Model reverts to the original concepts of multiple poles.
Explanatory Video
Flat Earth Crush has produced content on the Bi-Polar model which showcases some of its benefits. It should be noted that the author has mentioned in other videos on the topic that he using the selected map as a placeholder only for his purposes. Runtime: 15m
Related videos by Flat Earth Crush:
There are a wide variety of continental layout possibilities for a Bi-Polar map. The continental layout is unknown and has yet to be fully researched due to ambiguities of jet streams, flight routing, and non-direct flights (See: Issues in Flight Analysis). The Bi-Polar model is sometimes illustrated with vertical ovals, vertical circles, or with a placeholder map.
1. From Bobby Shafto
3. Origin Unknown - centered on Prime Meridian
4. Sandokan's map
The needle on a compass aligns with the magnetic field lines. Circumnavigation involves traveling Eastwards or Westwards in relation to those field lines, taking you around the nearest pole. On a Bi-Polar model the magnetic field lines would spread out from the North and South poles like the magnetic field lines on a bar magnet.
Eastward Sunrise
Q. How the Sun can rise from near the east under this configuration during Equinox?
A. An answer to this query may be that it is similar to its operation in the standard Monopole model. When we observe the Sun, we are observing its projection upon the atmolayer. The Sun which is seen is local to the observer. Accordingly, the easterly Sunrise is a consequence of the following:
• The points along the edges of the Sun's circular area of light are Sunrise (or Sunset).
• The edge of the Sun's circular area of light is approaching the observer from the East as it intersects the observer's location.
Sunrise will occur from an Eastward direction as a natural consequence of the observer's limited range of vision. The Sun's circular area of light generally intersects the observer's area of vision from an Eastward direction. During Equinox the Sun's circular area of light begins by pivoting around either the Northern or Southern poles, and makes a figure eight around the model. The points along the edge of the Sun's area of light are close to traveling along the observer's latitude line as it intersects the observer's viewing area, even if the Sun is not, and will intersect and appear from near the East in initial bearing.
On the day of Equinox the area of sunlight is making a figure eight path and it is apparent how it may be possible for each point to see an Eastwards Sunrise as the day progresses.
As an analogy, consider the following:
The same explanation for this occurrence is given for the local Sun and the manifestation of its initial Eastward bearing. The points along the edge of Sun's area of light are projections of the Sun upon the atmolayer, which will appear to the observer once in his or her viewing range.
For the Monopole model's explanation, see Equinox (Monopole)
Sunlight Area
Q. Take a look at this analysis I performed from online Round Earth models of sunlight area showing perpetual light or darkness around the edges for a Bi-Polar model.
Q. But most people accept these models...
A. This assertion is countered by the fact that most people did not verify that those sunlight patterns are correct for every point on the Earth at all times of the year, especially in the oceans. We can only encourage the use of real data-points from real observations for any assessments of the subject-matter.
New York Journal
Of note, disagreement in Flat Earth movement on the nature of the model appears to have always persisted. Not everyone signed on to Rowbotham's Monopole model. In 1897 the New York Journal published an illustration of the Flat Earth Monopole model (Archive), with the following comment, telling that there was disagreement in the Flat Earth circles around this time:
“ In a picture of the earth as these unique theorists believe it to be—or some of them, for they do not all agree the “South Pole" is seen as a wall of ice surrounding the circular earth. This conception [of Rowbotham's Monopole model] certainly fits well with the idea of the vastness of the Southern wastes of ice which have turned back all explorers. ”
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Looking Up: Not So Wile E. While He…
May 29, 2017
The famous stellar twins.Credit earthsky.org
The famous stellar twins.
Here in the Americas, the Navajo tell the story of the First Woman placing the constellations in the sky, helped by the First Man and the Coyote. She put two identical stars into the heavens and had named them "the twins." The Coyote picked up the two identical stars, one in each hand, and walked up the shaky cosmic ladder. Coyote became dizzy and almost fell. When he reached the sky, he looked at the stars in his hands; he could not tell them apart and did not know which one went to the right or which to the left. So he closed his eyes and placed them. First Woman met him at the foot of the ladder with angry words and fierce gestures. "Now look what you have done!" she cried. "Those two were supposed to establish peace and friendship among all peoples of the earth. Now they will cause malice, strife, and dissension that will plague mankind forever. You shall carry no more stars to the sky!"
Among Native American tribes, twins were common in creation stories. They represented both sides and a balance between good and evil, male and female, light and dark and all other dualities. In some tribes twins combined heroism with the mischievous behavior of Tricksters. Talk about your terrible twos!
If you’d like to take a closer look at Gemini, or any of the other wonderful and amazing things in the sky, please visit CSASTRO.org for a link to information on our monthly meetings and our free public star parties!
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Dipole Radiation Pattern & Polar Diagram
Polar diagrams are used to indicate the directional response of antennas including dipole antennas.
Dipole Antennas Include:
The radiation pattern of a dipole antenna is of particular importance for many reasons it needs to be orientated so that it picks up the maximum level of signal or radiates the maximum amount of signal in the required direction.
The radiation pattern reflects the amount of power radiated from the dipole in any given direction. As the performance of the antenna is the same in transmit and receive, it also reflects the 'sensitivity' of the antenna in different directions.
An understanding of the dipole radiation pattern enables the antenna to be orientated in the optimum direction at any time.
Radiation pattern & polar diagram
As the directional performance of an antenna is the same in transmit and receive, it does not matter which mode is measured to produce a plot of the radiation pattern. As it is easier to undertake measurements with power being transmitted from the antenna with measurements of the signal strength received around it, this is the method that is adopted.
The radiation pattern of any antenna can be plotted. This is plotted onto a polar diagram.
A polar diagram is a plot that indicates the magnitude of the response in any direction.
At the centre of the diagram is a point of referred to as the origin. This is surrounded by a curve whose radius at any given point is proportional to the magnitude of the property measured in the direction of that point.
Polar diagrams are used for plotting the radiation patterns of antennas as well as other applications like measuring the sensitivity of microphones in different directions, etc.
The radiation pattern shown on a polar diagram is taken to be that of the plane in which the diagram plot itself. For a dipole it is possible to look at both the along the axis of the antenna and also at right angles to it. Normally these would be either vertical or horizontal planes.
One fundamental fact about antenna radiation patterns and polar diagrams is that the receiving pattern, i.e. the receiving sensitivity as a function of direction is identical to the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna when used for transmitting. This results from the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics. Accordingly the radiation patterns the antenna can be viewed as either transmitting or receiving, whichever is more convenient.
Half wave dipole radiation pattern
The radiation pattern polar diagram for a half wave dipole antenna shows that the direction of maximum radiation or sensitivity is at right angles to the axis of the RF antenna. The radiation falls to zero along the axis of the RF antenna as might be expected.
Half wave dipole polar diagram and radiation pattern.
Half wave dipole polar diagram
In a three dimensional plot, the radiation pattern envelope for points of equal radiation intensity for a doughnut type shape, with the axis of the antenna passing through the hole in the centre of the doughnut.
Radiation patterns for multiple half wavelength dipoles
A dipole antenna does not necessarily need to be half a wavelength long. Other lengths for dipoles are frequently used.
The radiation pattern changes with the length of the antenna. As the length increases in proportion to a wavelength, the number of major lobes or points of maximum radiation increases, and they move outwards aligning further with the axis of the antenna..
More Antenna & Propagation Topics:
Return to Antennas & Propagation menu . . .
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CryptoTechTech TalksTrending NowTrending Talks
Are NFTs the Start of a New Crypto Bubble?
Let us first know about NFTs.
What Is a Non-Financial Transaction (NFT)?
The term “non-fungible token” refers to a piece of digital code stored on a blockchain (also called distributed ledger technology).
A digital asset, such as a work of art, a video clip, or the first Tweet, can be permanently registered on a blockchain via an NFT.
Ownership and provenance can be promptly verified.
For the first time, it is possible to achieve digital scarcity.
You may have heard about 3LAU, an EDM producer, and Grimes, a pop musician, selling NFT artworks for millions of dollars.
Christie’s New York created history in October 2020 when it sold Portraits of a Mind: Block 21, the first-ever NFT-linked tangible artwork, for $130,000.
Beeple, a fully digital work by the NFT, is up for auction, with a current bid of $13.25 million.
So, what exactly is the deal with NFTs?
How does it make artists wealthy?
Is this the start of a new crypto bubble?
What impact is it having on the art world?
Art collecting may be traced all the way back to Egypt, India, China, and Babylonia’s early civilizations.
The way individuals buy, collect, and store art has evolved.
The demand for digital artwork is increasing as we move into the digital age.
However, authenticity and distinctiveness are issues with digital artwork.
You make digital art and share it on the internet.
NFTs are used to create digital artworks that are similar to physical artworks.
They transform digital art into a tangible item.
Because NFTs are stored on the blockchain, no one can completely replicate the artwork they are linked to.
This allows digital artists to sell their work while also remaining authentic and avoiding concerns such as piracy and duplication.
NFT artworks have recently sold for millions of dollars at auction, indicating that individuals wish to collect them.
The motivations for purchasing a digital NFT artwork are several.
You can either buy it because you like it or as an investment.
From the standpoint of an artist, NFT is a fantastic opportunity to communicate directly with your collectors.
It also goes without saying that NFT makes artists wealthy.
NFTs in the Future
Digital art is enjoying a moment, but where does it go from here?
NFTs, on the other hand, can open doors to much more than just financial ownership.
For collectors, artists can create one-of-a-kind digital experiences.
Let’s Have a Quick Look at NFTs
Before we get into the impact of NFTs on the art world, let’s first take a look at what NFTs are and how they work.
Non-fungible tokens (or NFTs) are based on blockchain technology and, like fungible assets like Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies, provide a secure record of transactions.
Fungible assets, on the other hand, can be replaced with another identical entity of the same type.
Related posts
How does Blockchain Investments Firm offer higher return per fiat currency?
Is Blockchain-Based Ecommerce Platform really possible?
TechTech Talks
How IOT AND OTT applications amount to Future Technologies?
How are Utility Tokens different from Security Tokens?
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A Perfect Day For Banana Fish Analysis
998 Words4 Pages
“A perfect day for banana fish” by JD Salinger explains the most indirect detail about existentialism. It could be defined into three important screen or part explained in the story. Before analysing the element from existentialism, it is necessary to start from the meaning of the story. The mood of the story can be define to inner melancholy refers to the interaction of the protagonist Seymour. The story tells the general picture of relax and happiness around the met of Seymour and Sybil. However, the detail of story mention Seymour is being antisocial to the surrounding because he had mental illness by entering the war and relate to the banana fish get banana fever by entering the hole. Under the symbol of banana fish, the banana fish is Seymour himself and by losing the innocence which mean banana fish eating a lots of banana. The banana fish finally die because of the fever and represent to the ending of the story that Seymour suicide. The end of the story tells most melancholy mood because Seymour indirectly tells Sybil he will be die the same as the banana fish because of the isolation to the society and mental illness from the war. In addition, the story tells the irony from historical setting from the year 1948 the story published. Mental…show more content…
The misunderstanding of the word “Good” explain the theme is irony and gloomy. From the analysis of the story, Grandmother as a flat and static character affects the life of her family even she understand they will be a situation happen. She is describing as a stereotyped person that believe the “Good” of human from the thought she has in the bible. On the other hand, she does not has the judgement of “good man” from the example of Red Sammy is complaining about the grandmother agree for those two stranger to refuel their gasoline. Moreover, the grandmother replies to him that those two men are “good
Open Document
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| 0.764732 |
Duration 12 min
Distance 9 miles
Average price $120
Nearby airports 5 found
Closest airports to Bozeman
The nearest airport to Bozeman is Bozeman (BZN). You can catch a taxi from Bozeman (BZN) to Bozeman with Montana Yellow Cab or Greater Valley Taxi.
Recommended airport
Bozeman (BZN)
1. Bozeman (BZN)
2. Bozeman
12 min
$45 - $60
Other nearby airports
Billings (BIL)
1. Billings, MT
2. Butte, MT
3. Boulder, MT
4. Bozeman
8h 41m
$71 - $126
Jackson (JAC)
1. Jackson Airport, WY
2. Rexburg, ID
3. West Yellowstone, MT
4. Big Sky Mountain Village, MT
5. Bozeman
12h 35m
$101 - $158
Missoula (MSO)
1. Missoula, MT
2. Butte, MT
3. Boulder, MT
4. Bozeman
6h 36m
$69 - $112
Idaho Falls (IDA)
1. Idaho Falls,ID
2. Rexburg, ID
3. Island Park
4. Bozeman
5h 16m
$142 - $212
Important airports for Bozeman
Frequently asked questions
Want to know about travelling to Bozeman, MT, USA? We have put together a list of the most frequently asked questions from our users such as: What is the cheapest mode of transport?, What is the quickest option?, How much do tickets usually cost? and many more.
There is widespread community transmission globally.
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The nearest airport to Bozeman is Bozeman (BZN) Airport which is 9 miles away. Other nearby airports include Billings (BIL) (121.6 miles).
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It takes 12 min to get from Bozeman to Bozeman (BZN) Airport.
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We recommend flying to Bozeman (BZN) Airport, which is 9 miles away from Bozeman. The taxi from Bozeman (BZN) to Bozeman takes 12 min.
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There are 62+ hotels available in Bozeman. Prices start at $100 USD per night.
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Heat waves and deadly earthquakes: A look at the worst natural disasters in every state
The United States is the third-largest country on Earth in terms of area, stretching between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and bordering Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. The nation occupies 3.79 million square miles, which include the non-contiguous states of Alaska and Hawaii.
Given this expanse of land, it is not surprising that America has experienced natural disasters of every kind — tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, blizzards, floods, ice storms, heat waves, avalanches, and volcanic eruptions.
As we approach the most active part of tornado season, and as hurricane season begins, 24/7 Wall St. has compiled a list of the worst natural disaster in every state as ranked by loss of life. We used data and information from federal government agencies, as well as resource material, and newspaper and historical accounts from the time of the event to compile this list. In some cases, a disaster was so widespread and resulted in such a substantial loss of life that it remains the worst disaster in multiple states.
Detailed Findings & Methodology
A look at natural disasters in each state offers a lesson in geography as well as climatology.
The majority of states along the Atlantic Coast have been slammed by a catastrophic hurricane, such as Sandy in 2012. Parts of states along the Mississippi River have been saturated by floods like the one that occurred in 1927. The Plains states, unprotected by mountain ranges, have borne the wrath of horrific snow storms such as the Schoolhouse Blizzard of 1888. The heavily forested sections of the western U.S. have been the sites of devastating wildfires, like the Big Burn in 1910. The far western states have been jolted by earthquakes, including the Good Friday Earthquake in Alaska in 1964. Hawaii has been rocked by recent volcanic eruptions.
Texas, California, and Florida are the most populous U.S. states, and all three have extensive coastlines, making them vulnerable to hurricanes, storm surge, and flooding.
No state has fallen victim to more kinds of natural cataclysms than Texas, which has been ravaged by hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods. The city of Galveston holds the dubious distinction as the site of the worst natural disaster in U.S. history, when a hurricane left 8,000 people dead in 1900. Killer tornadoes claimed 114 lives in Waco in 1953, the worst such outbreak in state history. The Brazos River has flooded many times, with sometimes deadly results, such as the 1899 flood that killed 284 people.
California has been pummeled by numerous earthquakes. The most infamous of them was the 1906 temblor that destroyed much of San Francisco and killed about 3,000 people. Other kinds of natural events have roiled the state as well, such as flooding that inundated Los Angeles in 1938 and convinced government officials to rethink the development of the city. Wildfires and mudslides have contributed to tragedies in California as well.
Major storms have taken the lives of hundreds of people in Florida over the years, including the Lake Okeechobee Hurricane in 1928 that claimed more than 2,500 people. Tornadoes — the U.S. has more of them than any other country — also have been a tragic fact of life in Florida, such as the outbreak in 1998 that killed 25 people.
People have learned from natural disasters. Technologies such as satellite imaging and early-warning systems, better architectural and engineering designs for buildings, and the use of geospatial data have helped limit the loss of life and property. The public's reaction to the tragic events on this list eventually led to the improvement of safety codes and infrastructure.
Even so, recent events such as hurricanes Katrina and Harvey serve as cautionary tales of the power and unpredictability of nature.
Few could have foreseen the devastation wrought by the recent eruption of the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii. As of this writing, there have been no fatalities resulting from the event.
24/7 Wall St. reviewed natural disasters in each state and determined the worst event by the number of fatalities. For this list we considered disasters caused by a naturally occurring event — tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, blizzards, floods, ice storms, heat waves, avalanches, and volcanic eruptions. 24/7 Wall St. used government sources such as the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the United States Geological Survey as well as media reports about these events to create the list of the worst natural disaster in every state.
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Home iOS Has Apple set the scene for its next small big thing?
Has Apple set the scene for its next small big thing?
App Analytics in App Store Connect offers app developers a way to explore important app metrics such as transactions, redownloads, total downloads, pre-orders and updates; developers can drill down for insights into territory, source, device and so on, allowing them to understand and develop key app markets.
That’s great for developers, but what does it mean to enterprise users? For most, it’s an opportunity.
What’s in it for enterprises?
Companies with B2B or B2C apps can dive inside the information made available by users to extend their reach and better understand their customer base — what works, what doesn’t, and where core customers are located.
(You don’t gain access to individual addresses, of course. But the insights Apple provides can help companies determine the key locations in which their app succeeds.)
It’s also possible to measure the impact of marketing campaigns across multiple outlets. You can measure downloads from Smart App Banners in Safari and monitor the impact on sales/engagement of your marketing campaigns.
All of this can help businesses offering iOS apps build a deeper connection and understanding with their mobile customers, but it’s a drop in the ocean in terms of the quantity of data Apple’s devices have on what we do. Your iPhone even knows how many times a day it gets picked up. So, it’s better the information is kept on the device, rather than being shared.
Copyright © 2021 IDG Communications, Inc.
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Poisonous beans list
Black Nightshade, Aconite; Monkshood: 1: Aesculus spp.
Kidney Bean Lectin Toxicity - Kidney Failure Disease
These little legumes are, It may be locally known as crab’s eye, This is a sugar based protein (glycoprotein) which is found in many types of beans which includes cannellini beans and broad beans, Jequirity beans ( Abrus precatorius) grow across a widespread area, The toxins in fava beans
Castor Bean, The oil is used medicinally, The Poisonous Fruit,
plantbreeding - Breeding Common Bean to Maximize Culinary ...
Cooked red kidney beans, Bushman’s poison; Wintersweet: 1: Aconitum spp, spotted parsley, Azalea, Caladium, Carolina Jasmine, Deadly Nightshade, including USDA zones 9 to 11, lime,
Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) can also be quite dangerous when consumed raw,Toxic plants: Scientific name: Common name: Toxicity class: Abies balsamea: Balsam fir: 4: Abrus precatorius: Rosary bean; Rosary pea; Jequirity bean: 1: Acalypha spp, Maple: 4: Achillea millefolium: Achillea; Yarrow: 2, it only takes a few beans to cause the following symptoms: Nausea; Vomiting; Diarrhoea; Abdominal pains
List of poisonous plants
16 rows · Commonly known as hemlock, the toxin Phytohaemagglutinin occurs naturally in several kinds of raw beans, and thrive in tropical and subtropical zones, The lima beans should be cooked thoroughly, convicine, Calamondin, Chenille plant; Copperleaf; Firetail: 2, Indian licorice
Toxins In Dried Beans (Dangerous and Harmful Beans’ Toxins
Tyramine is found most commonly in broad or fava beans, Daphne, and red kidney beans, The Poisonous Fruit, When eaten raw, spotted
Allium spp. Onion, even a single ounce of the castor bean seed can be fatal.
Toxic Beans
Undercooked red kidney beans are more toxic than raw kidney beans, Christmas Berry, Beans, a compound that decomposes into hydrogen cyanide, Chenille plant; Copperleaf; Firetail: 2, Chinaberry, Beans, but the seeds are, But some of the highest concentrations of this toxin are found in red kidney beans.
12 Common House Plants that Are Toxic to Your Pet | PEOPLE.com
6, due to Ricin.
Poisonous Foods 8: Lima Beans and Castor Beans Lima beans, Eating raw lima beans can be lethal, Maple: 4: Achillea millefolium: Achillea; Yarrow: 2, including broad beans, Cyclamen,4: Acer spp, as well as isouramil which are known to induce conditions such as hemolytic anemia in patients, To avoid poisoning, Castor Bean, Buttercup, This is the same toxic substance found in cassava root.
The main cause is a toxin called ‘phytohaemagglutinin’ or kidney bean lectin, dangerously toxic, and oran…
Lathyrus sativus Indian pea A legume grown in Asia and East Africa as an ins…
See all 16 rows on en.wikipedia.org
The following is a list of some of the poisonous plants, Daisy, However, jumble bean, Calla Lily, garlic, indeed, a cyanogenic glucoside, leek, dry bean mixes are poisonous foods for parrots, Elderberry, when consumed, Devils Ivy, but you should never eat them raw, The seeds contain a protein called ricin and there is no question that ricin is very poisonous to humans, Raw kidney beans contain a toxic agent known as p hytohaemagglutnin,4: Acer spp, make sure to thoroughly cook any beans that you feed your bird.
Castor Beans
The caster bean plant itself is not poisonous to humans, one of the most toxic naturally-occurring substances known to man, Palokha Tetiana/ Shutterstock You may love to include kidney beans in stews and chilis, Daffodil, The caster bean holds the Guinness Book of World Records title for the world’s most poisonous plant, This toxin causes
Explore further
Beans, Aconite; Monkshood: 1: Aesculus spp.
Toxic Beans
Could kidney beans really be toxic? As it turns out, including lemon, Dried Beans, animals and even insects, While cooked beans are a healthy supplement to your daily bird food, white kidney beans, Carnation, poison hemlock, raw, Raw fava beans also contain toxins such as vicine,4: Acokanthera spp, Castor beans contain ricin, but only because the ricin toxin is removed during processing, and chive
Many members of the genus Allium contain thios…
Asparagus officinalis Asparagus Several species including Asparagus officinalis a…
Citrus limon Lemon Most citrus fruits, Bird of Paradise, Butterfly Weed, Chinese Tallow, Dieffenbachia,4: Acokanthera spp, Dumbcane, Uncooked beans contain a poison called hemaglutin which is very toxic to birds, Bushman’s poison; Wintersweet: 1: Aconitum spp, also known as butter beans contain linamarin, As many as a handful of beans could bring
Beans, – Dave’s Garden
Hemagglutinin and Food Poisoning From Beans www.thoughtco.com
Recommended to you based on what’s popular • Feedback
Toxic plants: Scientific name: Common name: Toxicity class: Abies balsamea: Balsam fir: 4: Abrus precatorius: Rosary bean; Rosary pea; Jequirity bean: 1: Acalypha spp, but in this case the culprit is a different toxin altogether: linamarin, Elephant Ears, Symptoms of red kidney bean poisoning These symptoms appear around 2 to 3 hours after the kidney beans have been eaten, in an alphabetical order: Amaryllis, donot use the cooking water.
Common Bean - Nutritional value and Medicinal uses - Foods ...
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Single photons from a trapped-ion cavity-QED system
Walker, Thomas (2021) Single photons from a trapped-ion cavity-QED system. Doctoral thesis (PhD), University of Sussex.
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Quantum networking is an established and growing field of research, with applications in many other fields of quantum technology, as well as fundamental research in quantum mechanics. A quantum network consists of multiple quantum devices that can interchange quantum information or be entangled with each other. Trapped ions coupled to optical cavities are among the most promising platforms in quantum technology broadly and networking specifically, with the ability to initialise and store quantum states in the ions and, via the cavity, transfer those states onto photons, which can interact with distant systems. This thesis describes two experiments using an ion trap with integrated high finesse optical cavity as a source of single photons. In the first, the photons were converted to a standard telecommunications wavelength through quantum frequency conversion and transmitted over 10 km of optical fibre. The attenuation experienced by the photons in optical fibre without frequency conversion would make transmission over such a long distance impractical. The converted photons were shown to maintain their nonclassical statistics, meaning such a system could be used to create quantum networks over long distances. A novel scheme for producing single photons from the ion-cavity system was demonstrated. This scheme significantly reduces the impact of decoherence in the system compared to commonly used schemes through selection of the initial state of the ion. This scheme may be directly applied to ion-photon entanglement and would lead to improved fidelity in ion-ion entanglement or state transfer. Both experiments represent significant steps towards the building of quantum networks based on ions coupled to optical cavities. They lay the groundwork for future experiments using the same system to entangle ions with photons and eventually with ions in other traps.
Item Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Subjects: T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101 Telecommunication > TK5103.59 Optical communications
Depositing User: Library Cataloguing
Date Deposited: 12 Apr 2021 10:32
Last Modified: 12 Apr 2021 10:32
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Contributed Talk - Splinter Stars
Wednesday, 15 September 2021, 10:20 (virtual Stars)
OI] self-absorption effects in M17SW and MonR2
Cristian Guevara
I. Physik. Institut, University of Cologne
Using the unique capabilities of upGREAT/SOFIA, we have observed simultaneously both oxygen atomic transition, [OI] 145 and 63 um lines towards M17-SW and Mon-R2. We found that [OI] 63 um is severely affected by self-absorption effects due to its optically thick emission, compared to the optically thin [OI] 145 um. Through a multi-component Gaussian fit analysis, we separate the emission into two layers, a background layer in emission and a foreground layer in absorption. We found high column densities in emission, plus cold and high column density material in absorption, of puzzling origin, also detected previously from [CII] and [13CII] observations.
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Skip to main content
Explore the Florida Climate
Explore the Florida Climate
Mary Campbell, Extension Director
and Urban Sustainability Agent
Is there such a thing as too much information? In the area of climate change, many would say “yes”. There is an abundance of information on climate variability from many sources. It can be confusing to know what information is reliable and from a trusted source. There are several reliable resources that Extension recommends if you want to understand more about the science of climate change.
The Florida Climate Institute (FCI), is a network of national and international research and public organizations, scientists, and individuals concerned with achieving a better understanding of climate variability and change. The FCI, founded in 2010 by the University of Florida and Florida State University, has over 200 members. FCI provides many resources including an “Environmental Minute” radio show available online that provides information on sea level rise, sustainability, and climate patterns.
Climate variability and change pose significant economic, food security, and environmental risks worldwide. Drought, storms with heavy rain, high winds, flooding, and freeze events cause millions of dollars in losses to agriculture and natural resources in Florida and globally. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that by the year 2100 global average temperature is likely to increase by 2 to 11.5°F, global mean sea level will rise from 7 to 23 inches, and increases in precipitation intensity and variability will increase the risk of both flooding and drought.
For up to date climate change information choose a reliable resource, such as the Florida Climate Institute ( ), EPA (, NASA ( or NOAA ( Critical information is now available to better inform citizens of potential impacts due to climate variability and change.
NASA Video illustrates warming.
Florida State Climatologist Florida Climate Summary, Seasonal Climate Outlooks, Information on topics of concern (agriculture, climate change, climate variability, and drought.)
Agroclimate– a climate-based decision support system for agriculture.
Southeast Climate Consortium
NASA videos.
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Soil Resistivity Survey
• Description
This article discusses the most common soil resistivity testing method and provides some guidelines for properly collecting sufficient data for the cathodic protection system designer.
One of the most important design parameters when considering the application of cathodic protection for buried structures is the resistivity of the soil. Soil resistivity testing is an important consideration for assessing the corrosivity of the environment to buried structures. It also has a tremendous impact on the selection of anode type, quantity, and configuration. Thus, it is critical that the CP designer have accurate data on the soil conditions at both the structure and at any proposed anode system locations. The lack of sufficient soil resistivity data can render a cathodic protection system (CP system) design ineffective and can result in costly remediation efforts during commissioning.
Soil Corrosivity
Soil resistivity is the principal diagnostic factor used to evaluate soil corrosivity. When performing soil resistivity testing, there are numerous factors that can be assessed, including soil composition, moisture content, pH, chloride and sulfate ion concentrations, and redox potential. These are all common components of a lab or in-situ soil testing program and all have an impact on soil resistivity. While a comprehensive soil testing program may be warranted, especially when performing failure analysis, for most environments the soil resistivity testing data provides an outstanding basis for assessing soil corrosivity. Below is a typical chart correlating soil resistivity with soil corrosivity.
Soil Resistivity (ohm-cm) Corrosivity Rating
>20,000 Essentially non-corrosive
10,000 to 20,000 Mildly corrosive
5,000 to 10,000 Moderately corrosive
3,000 to 5,000 Corrosive
1,000 to 3,000 Highly corrosive
<1,000 Extremely corrosive
SOURCE: Corrosion Basics: An Introduction, NACE Press Book, 2nd edition by Pierre Roberge
The purposes of soil resistivity testing is:
• To obtain a set of measurements which may be interpreted to yield an equivalent model for the electrical performance of the earth, as seen by the particular earthing system.
• Geophysical surveys are performed using these values as an assistance in finding depth to bedrock, core locations and other geological phenomena.
• The degree of corrosion in underground pipelines is determined. A drop in resistivity is proportional to an indent in corrosion in subversive pipelines.
Type of Soil or Water Typical Resistivity m Usual Limit m
Sea water 2 0.1 to 10
Clay 40 8 to 70
Ground well & spring water 50 10 to 150
Clay & sand mixtures 100 4 to 300
Shale, slates, sandstone etc. 120 10 to 100
Peat, loam & mud 150 5 to 250
Lake & brook water 250 100 to 400
Sand 2000 200 to 3000
Moraine gravel 3000 40 to 10000
Ridge gravel 15000 3000 to 30000
Solid granite 25000 10000 to 50000
Ice 100000 10000 to 100000
Soil Resistivity Testing
Wenner four-pin soil resistivity testing method
While there are several methods for measuring soil resistivity, the most common field testing method is the Wenner four-pin method (ASTM G57). This test uses four metal probes, driven into the ground and spaced equidistant from each other. The outer pins are connected to a current source (I) and the inner pins are connected to a volt meter (V) as shown in Figure 1.
When a known current is injected in the soil through the outer probes, the inner probes can be used to measure voltage drop due to resistance of the soil path as current passes between the outer probes. That resistance value R can then be converted into a soil resistivity value with the formula: ρ=2×π×a×R where “ρ” is measured in ohm-cm and “a” is the spacing of the pins in cm. This value represents the average soil resistivity at the depth equivalent to the spacing of the probes so if the probes are spaced 5 foot apart, the value derived would be equivalent to the average soil resistivity at 5 foot depth.
For cathodic protection system design, it is common to take multiple soil resistivity measurements using this methodology with various probe spacings. For shallow anode placement, it is usually sufficient to take reading readings at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, 10 ft, 20 ft, 25 ft. For deep anode applications, soil resistivity measurements may be recommended at much deeper depths corresponding with the anticipated depth of the deep anode system.
Layer Effects
It is important to note that the soil resistivity values generated from the four pin testing represent the average soil resistivity from the earth surface down to the depth, and each subsequent probe spacing includes all of the shallow resistance readings above it. For cathodic protection design purposes, it is often necessary to determine the resistance of the soil at the anode depth by “subtracting” the top layers from the deep readings. This process of “subtracting” the top layers requires some form of computational adjustment. One popular approach is called the Barnes method which assumes soil layers of uniform thickness with boundaries parallel to the surface of the earth. If the measured data indicates decreasing resistance with increasing electrode spacing, this method can be used to estimate the layer resistivities.
The resistance data (R) values should be laid out in a tabular format and then converted to conductance which is simply the reciprocal of the resistance value. The change in conductance is then calculated for each subsequent spacing. That value is then converted back to a layer resistance value by taking the reciprocal of the change in conductance. Finally, the layer resistivity is calculated using ρ=2×π×a×R.
For the Barnes analysis below, the data shows that a low resistance zone exists between 60m depth and 100m depth.
Spacing a
Conductance 1/R
Change in Conductance
Layer Resistance
Layer Resistivity
20 1.21 0.83 1.21 152
40 0.90 1.11 0.28 3.57 449
60 0.63 1.59 0.48 2.08 261
80 0.11 9.09 7.5 0.13 17
100 0.065 15.38 6.29 0.16 20
110 0.058 17.24 1.86 0.54 68
Soil Resistivity Testing Equipment Considerations
Electrically speaking, the earth can be a rather noisy environment with overhead power lines, electric substations, railroad tracks, and many other sources that contribute to signal noise. This can distort readings, potentially resulting in significant errors. For this reason, specialized soil meter equipment that includes sophisticated electronic packages capable of filtering out the noise is critical when taking soil resistivity data.
There are two basic types of soil resistivity meters: high-frequency and low-frequency meters.
High-frequency Soil Resistivity Meters
High-frequency meters operate at frequencies well above 60 hz and should be limited to data collection of about 100 feet in depth. This is because they lack sufficient voltage to handle long traverses and they induce noise voltage in the potential leads which cannot be filtered out as the soil resistivity decreases and the probe spacing increases. These are less expensive than their Low-Frequency counter parts and are by far the most common meter used for soil resistivity testing. For CP design purposes, these are frequently used to assess soil corrosivity and for designing shallow anode applications.
Low-frequency Soil Resistivity Meters
Low-frequency meters generate pulses in the 0.5 to 2.0 hz range and are the preferred equipment for deeper soil resistivity readings as they can take readings with extremely large probe spacings. Some models can operate with spacings many thousands of feet in distance. These models typically include more sophisticated electronics filtering packages that are superior to those found in high-frequency models. For CP designs involving deep anode installations, a low-frequency meter is the preferred equipment to provide accurate data at depths below 100 ft.
Field Data Considerations
When collecting accurate soil resistivity data for cathodic protection system design, it is important that the following best practices are taken into consideration to avoid erroneous readings:
1. Suitability of the testing location.The use of the Wenner four pin testing method requires sufficient open area to properly space the pins to collect data to the depths necessary. For deep anode cathodic protection systems this would require a minimum of three times the anticipated anode system depth.
2. Avoidance of buried piping and other metallic objects. The presence of any buried metallic structures (piping, conduit, reinforced concrete structures, grounding systems, etc…) provides low current paths that could cause a short-cutting effect that would distort the resistance readings and yield an erroneous soil resistivity reading.
3. Depth of the probes. It is important that the probes are properly inserted into the earth. For shallow resistivity readings, probes that are driven too deep can impact the shallow readings. Ideally, the pins should be no deeper that 1/20th of the spacing between the pins and no more than 10 cm (4 inches) deep.
4. Avoid areas of high electrical noise. Soil testing should not be performed directly under high voltage transmission systems or near other outside sources of current in the soil such as DC light rail systems.
5. Accurately record the test location and conditions. It is important that the location of the testing is accurately recorded along with the soil conditions and temperature at the time of testing. Testing should not be performed in frozen soil, or during periods of extreme drought or abnormally wet conditions.
Soil Resistivity Measurement
Soil resistivity is a function of soil moisture and the concentrations of ionic soluble salts and is considered to be most comprehensive indicator of a soil’s corrosivity. Typically, the lower the resistivity, the higher will be the corrosivity as indicated in the following Table.
Corrosivity ratings based on soil resistivity
Since ionic current flow is associated with soil corrosion reactions, high soil resistivity will arguable slow down corrosion reactions. Soil resistivity generally decreases with increasing water content and the concentration of ionic species. Sandy soils are high up on the resistivity scale and therefore considered the least corrosive. Clay soils, especially those contaminated with saline water are on the opposite end of the spectrum.
Field soil resistivity measurements are most often conducted using the Wenner four-pin method and a soil resistance meter. The Wenner method requires the use of four metal probes or electrodes, driven into the ground along a straight line, equidistant from each other, as shown in the following Figure. Soil resistivity is a simple function derived from the voltage drop between the center pair of pins, with current flowing between the two outside pins.
Wenner four pin soil resistivity test set-up
An alternating current from the soil resistance meter causes current to flow through the soil, between pins C1 and C2. The voltage or potential is then measured between pins P1 and P2. The meter then registers a resistance reading. Resistivity of the soil is then computed from the instrument reading, according to the following formula:
ρ is the soil resistivity (ohm-centimeters)
A is the distance between probes (centimeters)
R is the soil resistance (ohms), instrument reading
π equals 3.1416
The resistivity values obtained represent the average resistivity of the soil to a depth equal to the pin spacing. Resistance measurements are typically performed to a depth equal to that of the buried system (pipeline) being evaluated. Typical probe spacing is in increments of 0.8 m (2.5 ft).
If the line of soil pins used when making four-pin resistivity measurements is closely parallel to a bare underground pipeline or other metallic structure, the presence of the bare metal may cause the indicated soil resistivity values to be lower than it actually is. Because a portion of the test current will flow along the metallic structure rather than through the soil, measurements along a line closely parallel to pipelines should be avoided.
When making soil resistivity measurements along a pipeline, for example, it is good practice to place the line of the pins perpendicular to the pipeline with the nearest pin at least 4.5 meters from the pipe or even further, if space permits. Soil resistivity data taken by the four-pin method should be recorded in tabular form for convenience in calculating resistivity and evaluating results obtained. The tabular arrangement may be as shown here.
Format for recording soil resistivity measurements
With experience, much can be learned about the soil structure by inspecting series of readings to increasing depths. The recorded values from four-pin resistivity measurements can be misleading unless it is remembered that the soil resistivity encountered with each additional depth increment is averaged, in the test, with that of all the soil in the layers above. The indicated resistivity to a depth equal to any given pipe spacing is a weighted average of the soils from the surface to that depth. Trends can be illustrated best by inspecting the sets of soil resistivity readings such as in the following example.
Examples of soil resistivity readings using 4 pin method
The first set of data, Set A, represents a uniform soil conditions. The average of the readings shown (~960 ohm-cm) represents the effective resistivity that may be used for design purposes for impressed current groundbeds or galvanic anodes.
Data Set B represents low-resistivity soils in the first few feet. There may be a layer of somewhat less than 1000 ohm-cm around the 1.5 meters depth level. Below 1.5 meters, however, higher-resistivity soils are encountered. Because of the averaging effect mentioned earlier, the actual resistivity at 2.3 meters deep would be higher than the indicated 1250 ohm-cm and might be in the order of 2500 ohm-cm or more.
Even if anodes were placed in the lower-resistivity soils, there would be resistance to the flow of current downward into the mass of the earth. If designs are based on the resistivity of the soil in which the anodes are placed, the resistance of the completed installation will be higher than expected. The anodes will perform best if placed in the lower resistance soil. The effective resistivity used for design purposes should reflect the higher resistivity of the underlying areas. In this instance, where increase is gradual, using horizontal anodes in the low-resistivity area and a figure of effective resistivity of ~2500 ohm-cm should result in a conservative design.
Data Set C represents an excellent location for anode location even though the surface soils have relatively high resistivity. It would appear from this set of data that anodes located >1.5 meters deep, would be in low-resistivity soil of ~800 ohm-cm, such a figure being conservative for design purposes. A lowering resistivity trend with depth, as illustrated by this set of data, can be relied upon to give excellent groundbed performance.
Data Set D is the least favorable of these sample sets of data. Low-resistivity soil is present at the surface but the upward trend of resistivity with depth is immediate and rapid. At the 2.3 meters depth, for example, the resistivity could be tens of thousands of ohm-centimeters. One such situation could occur where a shallow swampy area overlies solid rock. Current discharged from anodes installed at such a location will be forced to flow for relatively long distances close to the surface before electrically remote earth is reached.
As a result, potential gradients forming the area of influence around an impressed current groundbed can extend much farther than those surrounding a similarly sized groundbed operating at the same voltage in more favorable locations such as those represented by data Sets A and C.
In some areas, experience will show that soil resistivity may change markedly within short distances. A sufficient number of four-pin tests should be made in a groundbed construction area, for example, to be sure that the best soil conditions have been located. For groundbeds of considerable length (as may be the case with impressed current beds), four-pin tests should be taken at intervals along the route of the proposed line of groundbed anodes. If driven rod tests or borings are made to assist in arriving at an effective soil resistivity for design purposes, such tests should be made in enough locations to ascertain the variation in effective soil resistivity along the proposed line of anodes.
Soil resistivity testing with accurate collection of data is the best indicator of the corrosivity of the soil for buried metallic structures and has a significant impact on the design of cathodic protection systems. The most common test methodology for field collection of soil data is the Wenner four pin method. When properly collected, and using appropriate analytical techniques, the soil resistance field data can provide an accurate assessment of soil resistivity values for use in designing an appropriate cathodic protection system.
Learn about CP System BD Soil Resistivity Testing Services
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Tag Archives: rutherford b hayes
picture of the day: The Disputed Presidential Election of 1876
The Disputed Presidential Election of 1876
In 1876, Democrat Samuel Tilden ran for president against Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. On election night, it was clear that Tilden had won the popular vote, but it was also clear that votes in Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina and Oregon were fraudulent because of voter intimidation. Republicans knew that if the electoral votes from these four states were thrown out, Hayes would win. The country hovered near civil war as both Democrats and Republicans claimed victory. Illustrator Thomas Nast drew this cartoon, Tilden or Blood, showing the Democrats threatening violence. On January 29, 1877, a highly partisan Electoral Commission, made up of eight Republicans and seven Democrats, was established by Congress to settle the issue. Under the terms of the Tilden-Hayes Election Compromise, Hayes became president and the Republicans agreed to remove the last Federal troops from Southern territory, ending Reconstruction.
Image: Harper’s Weekly
Tilden Wins Popular Vote, Loses US Presidential Election (1877)
One of the most disputed presidential elections in American history was decided by a single electoral vote, which was likely awarded in an informal deal behind closed doors. Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden not only won the popular vote in the 1876 election, but secured 184 electoral votes to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes‘s 165—until a bitter, months-long political battle ended with Hayes being awarded 20 contested votes. What did the Democrats gain in the so-called Compromise of 1877More… Discuss
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Karaoke Theory
Karaoke Theory
I argue that karaoke, the non-professional singing of popular songs as a social practice and entertainment, is a way of engaging with emotions in public and suggests the therapeutic potential of singing popular songs. Pop songs often capture a moment, ‘the feeling’ of an era and are a means of circulating ideas and experiences around the world, across cultures and over generations. By participating in karaoke, people identify with these songs and thus build a temporary sense of community and belonging.
By communally singing pop songs, we share history, thoughts, emotions, but for many there are still significant social inhibitions to overcome. Why is it so difficult to sing in public? How did singing become humiliating? Does karaoke’s performance of emotions betray a vulnerability that somehow carries across privilege; forcing a humility that reminds us of a shared precariousness. As Judith Butler (2009) insists, life is always interdependent.
After a recent voicing event I organised with the artist Suva Das in Helsinki, the filmmaker and performer Roxana Sadvo observed that singing is somewhat taboo in many western cultures, proposing that singing had ‘somehow been civilised out of us.’ All this makes me wonder about cultures who do sing — what do they know that we don’t? What are we missing out on? What is the power of song?
Nisha Ramayya (2019), a scholar of tantric poetics, writes that the Sanskrit the word for voice is vaac. Sanskrit was the ancient language of those born into the highest-caste of India’s tiered society. Amongst other things, young Brahmin boys would learn to recite mantras soon after they could speak; chants or songs capable of revealing higher truths and obtaining special powers. Ramayya claims that many people suspected that ‘speaking’ or language was only a small part of what the voice — vaac — could do, and that they were somehow being suppressed by language. Nevertheless India’s multiple spiritual traditions are evidence that ‘lower-caste’ people developed their own magical songs.
Karaoke Theory is an embodied practice that attempts to address this phenomenon. It attempts to a name a thing that is happening and that I argue goes beyond a mutual appreciation of consumable cultural products. Julian Henriques (2011), a theorist of Jamaican sound system culture notes the difference between listening to music on headphones and being in a dancehall ‘bashment’. In the former you put the music in you, in the latter you are in the sound. With Karaoke Theory, I seek to understand what happens when you put the song into you; allow the words to shape your body, the melody pass through you as you sway to its rhythm. When one becomes a vessel for the song, does it possess you?
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Tropical Storm Chanthu Brings Gusty Winds and Rain to Japan
Tropical Storm Chanthu brought gusty winds and rain to parts of Japan on Friday. At 6:00 a.m. EDT on Friday the center of Tropical Storm Chanthu was located at latitude 33.7°N and longitude 130.6°E which put it about 10 miles (15 km) east of Fukuoka, Japan. Chanthu was moving toward the east-northeast at 17 m.p.h. (28 km/h). The maximum sustained wind speed was 45 m.p.h. (75 km/h) and there were wind gusts to 60 m.p.h. (95 km/h). The minimum surface pressure was 990 mb.
Tropical Storm Chanthu brought gusty winds to northern Kyushu and western Honshu on Friday. Winds to tropical storm force extended out 115 miles (185 km) from the center of Chanthu. The strongest winds were occurring in the parts of Chanthu’s circulation that were over water and in the mountains of western Japan. The heaviest rain was falling on the eastern side of Tropical Storm Chanthu.
Tropical Storm Chanthu will be steered quickly toward the east-northeast by the westerly winds in the middle latitudes. Tropical Storm Chanthu will move across Honshu during the next two days. The center of Tropical Storm Chanthu could be near Kyoto in 24 hours and near Tokyo in 36 hours. The upper level westerly winds will cause moderate vertical wind shear. The wind shear and movement across land will cause Chanthu to weaken gradually during the next 48 hours.
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Best Answer
Five sixths, as five is greater than two.
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Q: What has a greater numerator two sixths or five sixths?
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Related questions
Is two fifths greater or less than five sixths?
According to maths, two fifths is greater than five sixths.
Is five sixths equivalent to two thirds?
No. Two thirds is equivalent to four sixths (if you multiply the numerator and divisor of two thirds by 2, you get four sixths).
Is two thirds greater than four sixths?
Two thirds is actually equal to four sixths. You have to reduce four sixths by dividing the numerator and denominator by a common factor, which in this case is 2.
Is five sixths greater than or less than two thirds?
It is greater than
Is five sixths greater than two thirds?
no but two thirds is more than five sixth
Which fraction is greater five sixths or two thirds?
Which is the largest two thirds or five sixths?
Five sixths... two thirds equals FOUR sixths.
What is five sixths - two sixths?
three sixths, or one half
Is two ninths greater than two sixths?
No but do you know what is..... Dees Nutz. Gottem
Is two fives bigger than five sixths?
No, five sixths is bigger than two fifths.
What is two and two sevenths plus six and five sixths?
two and two sevenths plus six and five sixths is 52.
Which is greater one eighth or two six?
two sixths is greater.
What is five sixths times two and one half?
Five sixths multiplied by two and one half is about 2.083.
What is the answer to seven sixths take away five sixths?
Two sixths or 1/3
Is five eighths greater than five ninths?
Yes. If two fractions have the same numeratorthen the one with the smaller denominator is the greater fraction.
What is the lowest common denominator for two thirds and five Sixths?
Is two twelfths greater that two sixths?
Two twelfths is equal to one sixth, and is thus lesser than two sixths.
Is two fifths greater or less than four sixths?
two fifths is less than four sixths
What is five sixths minus 1 sixths?
four sixths or two thirds
What is 2 and a half minus 1 and 2 thirds?
You have to convert your fractions so that they are all the same. In this case, we can use sixths. So two and three sixths (two and a half), minus one and four sixths (one and two thirds), would equal five sixths. Another way to do it is to convert the whole numbers to sixths as well. Fifteen sixths minus ten sixths equals five sixths.
Is two sixths greater than four eighths?
How many groups of two-sixths are in five-sixths?
2.5 of them.
Which fraction is greater two thirds or two sixths?
2 thirds
What is the same as four sixths?
Two thirds equals four sixths. As well as any multiple of four sixths. Such as 8/12 ths. Simply multiple the numerator and denominator by the same number and you get a correct answer. Same thing with dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number.
What is one and two thirds divided by two?
five sixths
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Tracking the impact of environment on the galaxy stellar mass function up to z ∼ 1 in the 10 k zCOSMOS sample
M. Bolzonella, K. Kovač, L. Pozzetti, E. Zucca, O. Cucciati, S. J. Lilly, Y. Peng, A. Iovino, G. Zamorani, D. Vergani, L. A M Tasca, F. Lamareille, P. Oesch, K. Caputi, P. Kampczyk, S. Bardelli, C. Maier, U. Abbas, C. Knobel, M. ScodeggioC. M. Carollo, T. Contini, J. P. Kneib, O. Le Fèvre, V. Mainieri, A. Renzini, A. Bongiorno, G. Coppa, S. De La Torre, L. De Ravel, P. Franzetti, B. Garilli, J. F. Le Borgne, V. Le Brun, M. Mignoli, R. Pelló, E. Perez-Montero, E. Ricciardelli, J. D. Silverman, M. Tanaka, L. Tresse, D. Bottini, A. Cappi, P. Cassata, A. Cimatti, L. Guzzo, A. M. Koekemoer, A. Leauthaud, D. MacCagni, C. Marinoni, H. J. McCracken, P. Memeo, B. Meneux, C. Porciani, R. Scaramella, H. Aussel, P. Capak, C. Halliday, O. Ilbert, J. Kartaltepe, M. Salvato, D. Sanders, C. Scarlata, N. Scoville, Y. Taniguchi, D. Thompson
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
133 Scopus citations
We study the impact of the environment on the evolution of galaxies in the zCOSMOS 10 k sample in the redshift range 0.1 = z = 1.0 over an area of ∼1.5deg2. The considered sample of secure spectroscopic redshifts contains about 8500 galaxies, with their stellar masses estimated by SED fitting of the multiwavelength optical to near-infrared (NIR) photometry. The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) in high and low density regions provides a tool to study the mass assembly evolution in different environments; moreover, the contributions to the GSMF from different galaxy types, as defined by their SEDs and their morphologies, can be quantified. At redshift z ∼ 1, the GSMF is only slightly dependent on environment, but at lower redshifts the shapes of the GSMFs in high- and low-density environments become extremely different, with high density regions exhibiting a marked bimodality, not reproducible by a single Schechter function. As a result of this analysis, we infer that galaxy evolution depends on both the stellar mass and the environment, the latter setting the probability of a galaxy to have a given mass: all the galaxy properties related to the stellar mass show a dependence on environment, reflecting the difference observed in the mass functions. The shapes of the GSMFs of early- and late-type galaxies are almost identical for the extremes of the density contrast we consider, ranging from isolated galaxies to rich group members. The evolution toward z = 0 of the transition massM cross, i.e., the mass at which the early- and late-type GSMFs match each other, is more rapid in high density environments, because of a difference in the evolution of the normalisation of GSMFs compared to the total one in the considered environment. The same result is found by studying the relative contributions of different galaxy types, implying that there is a more rapid evolution in overdense regions, in particular for intermediate stellar masses. The rate of evolution is different for sets of galaxy types divided on the basis of their SEDs or their morphologies, tentatively suggesting that the migration from the blue cloud to the red sequence occurs on a shorter timescale than the transformation from disc-like morphologies to ellipticals. Our analysis suggests that environmental mechanisms of galaxy transformation start to be more effective at z < 1. The comparison of the observed GSMFs to the same quantities derived from a set of mock catalogues based on semi-analytical models shows disagreement, in both low and high density environments: in particular, blue galaxies in sparse environments are overproduced in the semi-analytical models at intermediate and high masses, because of a deficit of star formation suppression, while at z < 0.5 an excess of red galaxies is present in dense environments at intermediate and low masses, because of the overquenching of satellites.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numberA76
JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
Issue number3
StatePublished - Nov 24 2010
• cosmology: observations
• galaxies: evolution
• galaxies: fundamental parameters
• galaxies: luminosity function, mass function
Dive into the research topics of 'Tracking the impact of environment on the galaxy stellar mass function up to z ∼ 1 in the 10 k zCOSMOS sample'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Enterprise glossary and term center
User Interface - What is user interface and its types?
User interface - The features of a computer system which allows the user to interact with it. A user interface, also sometimes called a human-computer interface, comprises both hardware and software components. ... There are five main types of user interface: command line (cli) graphical user interface (GUI)
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What Tattoo Symbolizes New Beginning?
What signifies a new beginning?
New Beginnings: The Lotus Flower Symbol..
What are the symbols of new life?
Butterfly. Butterflies are a symbol of new life. They begin as caterpillars, make a cocoon for themselves, and through a process of metamorphosis, emerge as butterflies.
What symbolizes strength and courage?
The lion, a symbol of courage and strength, is an important part of traditional celebrations.
What flower stands for new beginnings?
DaisiesDaisies symbolize new beginnings and innocence.
What’s a symbol for change?
What is the Greek symbol for change?
Delta is the initial letter of the Greek word διαφορά diaphorá, “difference”. (The small Latin letter d is used in much the same way for the notation of derivatives and differentials, which also describe change by infinitesimal amounts.)
What color symbolizes healing?
GreenGreen. Green color is known for its balanced healing properties. It is a restful color that symbolizes growth and renewal. It also encourages comfort and equilibrium and is particularly beneficial for the heart, lungs and circulatory system.
Does a lotus flower mean new beginnings?
In many cultures, this process associates the flower with rebirth and spiritual enlightenment. With its daily process of life, death, and reemergence, its no wonder that the lotus holds such symbolism. As divine as the Gods, the flower of rebirth was thought to contain magical properties as well.
Which flower symbolizes healing?
PeonyPeony. Peony have long been known for their healing powers. Send these as get well flowers.
What is the medical symbol for change?
Articles with short description. Short description is different from Wikidata….List of medical abbreviations: 0–9.AbbreviationMeaningΔdiagnosis; changeΔΔdifferential diagnosis (the list of possible diagnoses, and the effort to narrow that list)21 more rows
What symbols represent new beginnings?
Symbols of New Beginnings – A ListBirch Tree.Daffodils.Rainbow.White Dove.New Moon.The Koru.Inguz Rune Symbol.Butterflies.More items…
What symbolizes change and growth?
The phoenix, the butterfly, the never-ending worm Ouroboros, and the robin symbolize change and growth.
What animal represents change?
ButterflyThe Butterfly When a butterfly enters your life, it is believed to be one of the most symbolic signs pertaining to transformation and profound change.
What color is new royalty?
According to contemporary surveys in Europe and the United States, purple is the color most often associated with rarity, royalty, magic, mystery and piety. When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity, and seduction.
Is a triangle a symbol for change?
A triangle is the scientific symbol for change. It also represents balance.
What symbol means rebirth?
The lotus flower has been considered a symbol of rebirth, regeneration, and enlightenment in many cultures.
What animals symbolize rebirth?
Grizzly Bear – Mother, nature’s pharmacist Hare – rebirth, rejuvenation, resurrection, intuition, balance, fertility, fire, madness, transformation.
What flower symbolizes moving?
White roses are associated with purity, like at weddings when starting a new life together and peace, such as at funerals when loved ones have passed on to another place. Even black roses symbolize new beginnings; the last stage of grief is acceptance and moving on.
What tattoos symbolize rebirth?
Phoenix Tattoos: Symbol of Rebirth At the end of its life, it builds a nest around itself which then ignites into flames. The bird burns, right along with the twigs, and nothing but ashes remains.
What color symbolizes a new beginning?
Green (Secondary Color) It can represent new beginnings and growth. It also signifies renewal and abundance.
What symbolizes overcoming struggle?
The lotus symbolizes growing and overcoming obstacles, hardship, and whatever life throws at you.
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hand tooled by skilled craftspeople, this 1" chestnut skirting leather noseband with 1/2" crown strap is oiled to enhance the tooling. non-rust stainless steel hardware. each noseband will vary slightly due to the hand tooling for a unique look.
SKU: 1-0008553
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Finding Spirituality Through Accountability
Recently there has been an incredible amount of instances that I have seen where what could have been reasonably minor incident with minimal consequences to the people involved that skyrocketed into intensely stressful situations simply because the single person that caused the event refused to take responsibility. So it has set me back to thinking, if there is one thing that can lead a person to Spirituality, what would it be?
True Spirituality is not just about believing in something bigger or greater than ourselves. Spirituality is about finding Peace, finding Love on a scale so grand it is beyond our conscious comprehension. Spirituality is something we can feel internally, and spreads outward into the world, as the Love from the World shares itself with us. It’s not a belief about a person, or a specific doctrine or practice. The doctrines, practices and rituals are developed out of the Love that we feel and share with each other, the world and the Spirit.
One of the best practices we have for finding the Peace and Love from the Spirit is to be at peace with ourselves. Often, we lose that Peace, that centeredness when we feel that something is wrong. Either we were wronged by another person, or we committed a wrong to them. If the other person wrongs us, we can’t change their actions, nor can we force them to accept responsibility. We can forgive them for our own benefit, and choose different actions in the future to avoid the same situation. But if we wrong them, we can choose to set the example by taking proper accountability. We can recognize how our actions affected them, and apologize. The apology is not just for them to know that we acknowledge what we did, it is also so that we acknowledge to ourselves how our actions affected someone else and we can take appropriate steps in the future to ensure that we don’t do the same thing again. It is through this process that we not only forgive ourselves, but it is also our process to finding peace internally.
The more we practice taking accountability for how we affect others, the easier it becomes, and the easier it is for us to find peace. The more we find our internal peace, the more connected to the Spirit we become. Through this process, we can spread our Love and Peace through the Spirit and help heal the world.
Blessed Be.
Author: Shannon Telford
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Justin Bieber announces Peaches-inspired cannabis line
The 27-year-old is partnering with the California-based company Palms to develop a line of pre-rolled joints, called Peaches.
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Benjamin's epic flight
Benjamin is an adventure paraglider and documentary maker.
One day, while paragliding in central Mexico, he was forced to make a sudden landing in an isolated valley.
There he encountered a vast swarm of millions of monarch butterflies, carpeting the forest floor and tree trunks.
This experience led him to replicate the Herculean migration of this seemingly common butterfly.
He launched his own flight along the thermal air currents which carried him all the way from Mexico to Canada.
Further information
Visit Benjamin's website
Duration: 52min 3sec
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Max Planck Gesellschaft
Tropical Forest Ecology
16.06.14 - 04.07.14
M.Sc. Forest Sciences
Room 310
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources
Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
Module coordinator
Dr. Norbert Kunert
Additional Lecturers
Dr. Alida Mercado Cárdenas
Dr. Carlos Sierra
Dr. Rempei Suwa
Daniel Marra
Stefan Wolff
Preliminary course schedule
Tropical forests play an important socioeconomic, ecological and environmental role on local, regional and global scales. They are a source of genetic diversity offering various medicinal plants, high productive fruiting plants, valuable timber and numerous other forest products. Containing about half of Earth’s species, tropical forests provide habitat for many migratory animals and are home for diverse indigenous cultures. Tropical forests have an important function within the world’s climate as they are one of the main drivers in the global hydrological and carbon cycles. Furthermore, tropical forests are considered a buffer for global climate change as they store vast amounts of carbon.
The functionality of these forests depends largely on their health and vitality and they can only continue to function either in a natural undisturbed state or when managed sustainably. In all tropical regions, deforestation continues at an alarmingly high rate and in some regions only small fraction of the original area remains today. Appropriate conservation and sustainable management strategies are missing, partly due to the high complexity of these ecosystems. Studying the ecology of tropical forests, we can begin to understand and explain this complexity and set strategies to conserve these valuable forests for future generations.
During this course, the main ecological characteristics of tropical forests will be discussed: definition of tropical forests; different tropical forest types; soils and climate; biogeochemical cycles; biodiversity and coevolution. It will also provide an assessment of current threats to tropical forests such as deforestation and habitat fragmentation, conservation strategies and restoration of tropical forests.
Teaching and learning methods
Lectures will provide an overview over ecological and physiological processes in tropical forests and the human impacts on the ecosystems. Students will read selected texts to prepare discussions. Students will also prepare and deliver presentations specific topics.
Topics for assignment
Recommended books
Ghazoul, J., Sheil, D., 2010. Tropical Rain Forest Ecology, Diversity, and Conservation. Oxford University press, Oxford, UK.
Kricher, J., 2011. Tropical Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
University website
Please rate the course:
'View on a white sand forest at the southern edge of the Guiana Shield'
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4 Ways IoT and Data Science Are Being Used to Fight Climate Change
Technology is a powerful catalyst for change. Carbon capture technologies, big data, AI, and other IoT trends enable groups to understand and fight climate change.
Guest Writer
Melting ice caps with a polar bear and the text
Illustration: © IoT For All
New technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and applied data science in general, have the potential to advance our understanding and ability to effectively address climate change.
IoT Solutions for Our Changing Climate
One promise of IoT is to make all kinds of devices and environments more efficient and responsive to real-time fluctuations in use. What this means is that IoT systems at various levels of implementation can affect energy use and emissions. In 2015, researchers found that “the information and communications technology industry (which includes IoT) could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 63.5 gigatons, or 15%, across all industrial sectors by 2030.”
Green buildings are one use of IoT that could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Given that cities “account for almost three-quarters of the world’s carbon dioxide from global final energy use,” the potential for environmental impact by increasing green building construction is huge. Among other things, integrated IoT provides real-time data to improve buildings’ facilities costs. Green buildings can also reduce environmental impact by using eco-friendly building materials, increasing green space in cities, and being located efficiently to reduce commute times.
It’s no secret that overpopulation is negatively impacting our environment. Researchers predict that by 2050, two-thirds of the world’s population will live in cities, so it will only become more important to make those cities energy efficient. Smart cities can use IoT systems to make the water supply more efficient, improve congestion to reduce time spent in cars, and provide more reliable public transit. Smart cities can also implement energy-saving measures by encouraging remote working and monitoring trash and pollution.
IoT is relevant for farming communities as well. With the rising population, farmers will need to produce more food and do so using more sustainable methods. Current farming methods use water at a risky rate and result in soil degradation. Integrating IoT technologies, such as sensors that collect data about soil moisture, weather, and fertilization levels, can help farmers optimize their irrigation and production. Autonomous tractors could take care of drilling, seeding, and spraying to reduce human labor time.
Finally, IoT can be used to protect biodiversity in sometimes surprising ways. The Rainforest Connection is using IoT systems to identify and stop illegal logging. The Bee Corp uses IoT devices in hives to track the bees’ health and alert beekeepers, who can then intervene. Various wildlife preservations are using connected cameras to monitor large wild areas and illegal hunting and poaching.
We already see IoT integration in individual homes, but as this technology becomes more widespread at larger scales, its value in energy savings and other environmental benefits can be realized.
Carbon Capture Technologies
Because reforestation will take more time than we have to reduce carbon in the atmosphere, scientists have been exploring various carbon capture technologies for years. This tech works with coal, oil, or gas plants in either pre- or post-combustion stages to store carbon dioxide in underground storage tanks and ideally recycle it into usable fuel. For example, a plant in Iceland is capturing and recycling carbon to produce methanol.
This tech is still very much in development, as storing vast amounts of carbon underground is only a stopgap measure. But with more projects like the one happening in Iceland, the tech has real potential to change the landscape of traditional energy production as a complement to shifts to renewable energy production.
Using Big Data to Understand Earth Systems
The major contribution of data science is that it provides robust information and offers ways to disseminate that information to the public. The rise of big data has helped scientists understand past and present environmental and weather conditions to establish reliable trends, so we know what’s coming and how we can act.
Data generated by IoT systems can help us to conserve energy and water, but this data also helps scientists produce visualizations on climate change that better communicate to the public the real state of affairs. A lack of visualization has been one of the major challenges in getting widespread buy-in for climate-friendly policies.
Data science also helps deepen understanding of how different industries contribute to climate change and where the most critical environmental shifts—such as deforestation—are happening so that scientists and policymakers can take effective action.
For example, big data produced the knowledge that over one-quarter of global tree loss between 2001 and 2015 was associated with commercial deforestation. A project in California run by Planet Labs and the California Air Resources Board is launching a satellite to detect origin points of climate pollutants, such as methane, to target specific locations for mitigation.
Artificial Intelligence Helps Us Model an Unstable World
One of the challenges of addressing climate change is understanding trends and climate impacts of human behavior. AI is stepping in to help scientists build robust systems that sense and learn from environmental conditions and help humans figure out how to meet certain objectives.
Climate modeling, which is a scientific challenge given that we only have one planet to learn from, is greatly helped along by recent developments in AI. Using this technology, researchers will be better able to predict how the environment will respond to variables like carbon levels in the air, and in turn, to know what measures need to be taken to protect vulnerable human populations.
AI will also help climate policy and solutions improve. As a Brookings article explains, “AI helps make markets more efficient and easier for analysts and market participants to understand highly complex phenomena—from the behavior of electrical power grids to climate change.” Employing AI to make energy systems more efficient is the first step. As the technologies become better integrated with each other, machine learning will help scientists make sense of all the data statistically to propose effective adaptation policies.
Scientists can use machine learning to quickly test how their theories will play out in real-time to identify the best interventions. IBM’s Green Horizon Project, for instance, analyzes environmental data and tests “what-if” outcomes of pollution-reducing tactics. Microsoft is so sure that AI is a game-changer for progress in addressing climate change that it has committed $50 million through its AI for Earth program to projects creating new AI applications.
The technologies improving our understanding of climate change are robust enough that a new field is developing: climate informatics. First laid out in an article by Claire Monteleoni and co-authors in 2012, this discipline bridges the gap between climate scientists and AI researchers to explore the full potential of using tech to better understand what’s happening with our climate. As these various fields come together, climate research will be that much more effective, able to produce on-target policy changes, perhaps quickly enough to save us from the impending climate disaster.
Written by Brandon Jarma, a freelance writer who covers all things IoT, tech, and AI.
Guest Writer
Guest Writer
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In 2017, Peter Flemings and a team of UT researchers led a mission to retrieve pressurized methane hydrate cores from the Gulf of Mexico. L) The UT team arrive by helicopter at the Helix Q4000, the Brownsville, Texas-constructed drilling rig which conducted the operation. R) Exhausted but triumphant, UTIG research scientist, Steve Phillips (back row, center), Jackson School professor, Peter Flemings (front row, second from left), and the research team at the end of the mission. Credit: Peter Flemings.
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Numerade Educator
Problem 42 Medium Difficulty
Sketch the region and find its area (if the area is finite).
$ S = \{ (x, y) \mid x \le 0, 0 \le y \le e^x \} $
$A=\int_{-\infty}^{0} e^{x} d x=1$
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Video Transcript
the problem is catch the region and find it. I am area. Look at this graph. We need to find its area of this part of the safety apart we can use into girl. Um negative Infinity Want zero? The function Each works yaks to denote area off us or this improper integral a definition. This is a call to the limit a goes to make to infinity into girl from a to zero e to axe yaks this's equal Choose limit a goes to make you infinity This is Eagle Tito acts a zero This is a culture of blame It a goes to make to infinity into zero is equal to want minus into eh When a goes to make to you infinity into a goes to zero since answer is the blonde So the area of this region in secret one
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Weird Circles Keep Popping Up Around the World. Alan Turing Predicted Them in 1952.
Here's what they mean—and how the legendary scientist got them so right.
mysterious circles
Stephan Getzin, et. al./Journal of Ecology
A pattern described by computer science icon and polymath Alan Turing continues to show up in new scientific research 70 years later. The “Turing pattern” is a widespread phenomenon where noisy systems form stable patterns after being stimulated. The latest example is in “symmetrically spaced” patches of desert grasses, which grow in naturally orderly equilibrium to maximize each patch’s access to limited water.
The world is weird as f@#!. Let's explore it together.
In Africa and Australia, desert grasses grow in what are called fairy circles. In the new study, published in the Journal of Ecology, scientists explain:
“This pattern has been explained with scale-dependent ecohydrological feedbacks and the reaction-diffusion, or Turing mechanism, used in process-based models that are rooted in physics and pattern-formation theory.”
But modeling a true Turing pattern isn’t as simple as pointing and labeling. Scientists must analyze, which is more challenging in ecological examples where variables are greater. In this case, studying grasses up close turned up more interesting conclusions as well: healthier grasses had even tighter fairy circle patterns, indicating more adherence to the Turing pattern.
In addition, the scientists say they confirmed a long-held belief that these desert grass fairy circles act both for their own self protection and as a kind of irrigation system for the surrounding, even drier vegetation. Think about moisture-trapping particles mixed into commercial potting soil, iconic circular farm irrigation, or even carefully spaced yard sprinklers.
But the most literal analogy is the little hollow spike sold as a slow plant waterer. “The grasses act as ‘ecosystem engineers’ that modify their hostile, abiotic environment, leading to vegetation self-organization,” the researchers explain. Having a steady drip of gathered moisture means the area between these grasses can change their makeup and even support more robust ecological stacks including probiotic bacteria.
fairy circles
Fairy circles.
Stephan Getzin, et. al./Journal of Ecology
turing patterns
Three examples of Turing patterns.
Public domain
It’s a cool finding, but what does Turing have to do with it? Well, in 1952, he published a paper describing these mechanisms, also called Turing dynamics, Turing instabilities, and more. “This Turing mechanism is also known as reaction-diffusion mechanism or activator-inhibitor principle, and a key to forming spatially periodic Turing patterns is the presence of positive and negative feedback interaction at different spatial scales,” the scientists say.
Extra Credit: Our Favorite Math Books
A “short-distance positive feedback and a long-distance negative feedback” combine to gather primary resources in the positive location and leave empty space in the further-away negative zone. The researchers explain:
“Here, the a priori assumption is that the roots of the Triodia plants induce an infiltration contrast and thereby trigger the positive short-range feedback loop where more vital and larger plants gain more water and thus have a disproportionally greater benefit than weaker neighbouring plants.”
This means the strong plants survive and thrive partly because they’re already in an area with concentrated resources.
Turing, who ScienceAlert points out was unlikely to ever be able to travel to Namibia, continues to create patterns of his own in research around the world.
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Basis point
A basis point is a unit related to the change in an interest rate, and it is equal to 1/100th of a percentage point. 1 bp = 0.01%
It is frequently, but not exclusively, used to express differences in interest rates of less than 1% pa. For example, a difference of 0.10% is equivalent to a change of 10 basis points (e.g. a 4.67% rate increases by 10 basis points to 4.77%).
Basis points avoid the ambiguity between relative and absolute discussions about interest rates by dealing only with the absolute change in numeric value of a rate. For example, if a report says there has been a "1% increase" from a 10% interest rate, this could refer to an increase either from 10% to 10.1% (relative, 1% of 10%), or from 10% to 11% (absolute, 1% plus 10%). If, however, the report says there has been a "10 basis point increase" from a 10% interest rate, then we know that the interest rate of 10% (the "basis", if you will) has increased by 0.10% (the absolute change) to a 10.1% rate.
It is common practice in the financial industry to use basis points to denote a rate change in a financial instrument, or the difference (spread) between two interest rates, including the yields of fixed-income securities.
Since certain loans and bonds may commonly be quoted in relation to some index or underlying security, they will often be quoted as a spread over (or under) the index. For example, a loan that bears interest of 0.50% per annum above LIBOR is said to be 50 basis points over LIBOR, which is commonly expressed as "L+50bps" or simply "L+50".
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Kafka Consumer Parallelism
Kafka Parallel Consumer Options: Key-level parallelism: Multiple threads process the messages from a single partition in parallel while ma...
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draw play synonyms
Here's a list of possible synonyms and antonyms for the term draw play:
Princeton's WordNet
1. draw, draw playnoun
draw play, draw, hook, lot, standoff, tie, haulage, drawing card, attracter, attraction, haul, hooking, attractor, draw poker
© Synonyms.com
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The Psychological Model
I. Revising the theory
Exercise 1. Provide the definitions of the following notions.
• The psychological perspective;
• Mental sets;
• encoding a message;
• decoding a message;
Exercise 2. What are the elements of the psychological model? Add to the list below.
A sender, a receiver, a message …
Exercise 3. Insert the missing words.
1. In a psychological model, messages are filtered through an individual’s store of , attitudes, , and emotions.
2. A psychological model depicts communication as a psychological process whereby two (or more) individuals exchange meanings through the and of communication stimuli.
3. A consists of a person’s beliefs, values, attitudes, feelings.
4. is any distraction that interferes with or changes a message during transmission.
5. Communication is most successful when individuals are “of the mind” – when the meanings they assign to messages are similar or identical.
6. Communication is unsuccessful whenever the meanings intended by the source differ from the meanings by the receiver.
Exercise 4. In what case is communication considered to be unsuccessful? Think of the ways to improve faulty communication.
Exercise 5. What are the shortcomings of the psychological perspective? Add to the following list.
1. The psychological model locates communication in the psychological processes of individuals, ignoring almost totally the social context in which communication occurs.
2. ...
3. ...
II. Practicing
Exercise 1. Give examples of communicative situations where the channel is as follows.
A telephone line, the air, paper, a computer, radio, television.
Exercise 2. Describe your own mental set. What values, beliefs, attitudes do you share? What feelings do you have at the moment? Recall a situation when differences between your and your partner’s mental sets led to miscommunication.
Exercise 3. According to the psychological perspective, noise can be of different types and may occur at any stage of communicative process. Provide your own examples of the following cases.
A. Physical noise, physiological noise, psychological noise, semantic noise
B. Noise that occurs at the stage of encoding a message, noise that occurs at the stage of transmitting a message, noise that occurs at the stage of decoding a message
Exercise 4. In the following situations communication is unsuccessful. Explain why it is so. Think of at least one way to improve communication.
1. Two friends are talking in a bar. They can hardly hear each other because of the music, and there are lots of other people speaking rather loudly.
2. A passer-by has been approached by a stranger in the street. The stranger addresses the passer-by in English as he is a foreigner. He needs to find the way to his hotel but, unfortunately, he gets no reply.
3. A qualified architect from India came to Britain. He found it very difficult to understand the British: sometimes travelling to the office by train he started a conversation with people and even was given their telephone numbers. But when he rang and heard the surprised “Who?” he felt embarrassed and hung up.
4. Nick, who is nineteen, has been going out with his girlfriend Lucy, since he was sixteen. His parents do not seem to like Lucy. They have never actually said that they dislike her, but they are silent when he talks about her. Now Nick has stopped bringing her to his house and never talks of her.
5. Carla, a student, is very bad with her money. Every month she spends it all on clothes and then does not have enough for books. Her parents are annoyed with her. They say that she has to learn to be more careful and will not give her any extra money. But Carla’s grandmother secretly gives her cash every time Carla sees her. Carla’s parents know what is happening!
III. Applying the model
Exercise. Think about your favorite book. Analyze a communicative situation described in the book from the psychological perspective.
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Gravel crusher first, the price of gravel crusher although the gravel crusher is a fixed model, but the market price is very different due to the suppliers from different regions, take the two production areas of henan and shanghai, the same quality, the movement under the henan region the price of crusher is thousand points better than the discount in shanghai.
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Solar storm could cause widespread digital disruption says new research
A severe solar storm has the potential to cause significant internet outages which could last for several months, according to a new study.
The study, presented at the annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication, pointed out that a severe solar storm is 1 in a 100 year event.
However, it said, such a storm could catastrophically impact various human technologies on Earth, and plunge the world into what it terms an “internet apocalypse”.
The Earth’s magnetic field protects its inhabitants from solar winds, consisting of charged particles streaming from the Sun, by deflecting the electric wind towards the planet’s poles and creating scenic auroras.
However, once in about 80-100 years, as a result of the Sun’s natural life cycle, these winds escalate into solar superstorms that could cause catastrophic internet outages covering the entire Earth and lasting several months, says
In the research, Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi from the University of California, Irvine and VMware Research, assessed the robustness of the current internet infrastructure against such an extreme space weather event
The research suggested that long-distance optical fibre lines and submarine cables which are a vital part of the global internet infrastructure are vulnerable to the currents produced on the Earth’s crust by solar superstorms, also known as Coronal Mass Ejections (CME).
“A CME involves the emission of electrically charged matter and accompanying magnetic field into space. When it hits the earth, it interacts with the earth’s magnetic field and produces Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) on the crust,” Dr Jyothi said.
The current from these solar storms can enter and damage long conductors such as power lines, the study notes.
“In today’s long-haul Internet cables, the optical fiber is immune to GIC. But these cables also have electrically powered repeaters at ~100 km intervals that are susceptible to damages,” Jyothi added.
While the probability of such events happening varies from 1.6 per cent to 12 per cent probability per decade, Jyothi said the chances increase during the Sun’s maximum activity period in its waxing and waning cycle.
However, Jyothi added, the current digital age and modern technological advances have coincided with a period of weak solar activity.
Yet this also means that the current Internet infrastructure has not been stress-tested by strong solar events.
Citing an example of how disastrous a CME could be for communications systems, Jyothi said the last severe solar storms happened in 1859 and 1921.
Studies have documented the significant damages caused by these solar storms to the communication network of the time – the telegraph network.
The current solar cycle, the study says, has the potential to be one of the strongest on record.
Compared to the previous cycle ending in 2019, which had a peak sunspot number of 116, the number of sunspots at the peak of the current cycle, Jyothi said, is “very high,” between 210 and 260. As the study says:
However, the study noted that the actual strength of this cycle would be evident only later in the decade as the solar cycle progresses.
The research also pointed out that the impact of solar superstorms would not be uniform across the globe.
It says the internet infrastructure in higher latitudes, above the equator, face a higher risk, and the US has a high risk of being disconnected from Europe, while Asia is more likely to retain connectivity.
The study underscores the need to consider the risk from solar storms while designing and deploying Internet infrastructure and applications, and calls for better resilience analysis on the global network.
To read the full paper click here.
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Choosing the right temperature for the Concrete distribution
By Ian Covert June 2, 2020
The Concrete distribution is a really powerful tool for modern machine learning. We use it to learn the parameters of discrete distributions, but it's actually a continuous distribution on the probability simplex. The temperature parameter controls the sparsity of samples, and although I've been using the Concrete distribution for a while, I've never been certain that I'm using the right temperature value.
So that's what I've tried to figure out for this post. I'll start by explaining the role of the temperature parameter through the Concrete's relationship with other random variables (namely, the Gumbel and Generalized Inverse Gamma), and then I'll run some simulations that provide practical guidance on how to set it in your models.
Introduction to the Concrete distribution
Before saying what the Concrete distribution is, here's why it's so famous. Starting in 2013, a technique known as the reparameterization trick (explained here) became popular for learning distributions of random variables inside neural networks [1, 2]. Learning distributional parameters can be tricky, but these papers showed how to get an unbiased, low-variance gradient estimator using a clever sampling trick. There were other techniques before it, but the reparameterization trick's low variance made it work much better, especially for VAEs. But unfortunately, although it worked for a variety of distributions (Gaussian, Gamma, Weibull, etc.), it didn't work out-of-the-box for discrete random variables.
Then, the Concrete distribution showed how to make it work. The distribution, introduced by two papers in 2016, is a continuous relaxation for discrete random variables (hence the name con-crete) [3, 4]. When you think about discrete random variables, you probably think of a random variable with the possible values , but that set is equivalent to the set of one-hot vectors in . And the Concrete distribution is basically a relaxed version of a distribution over one-hot vectors. Its support is on the simplex
whereas one-hot vectors lie at the vertices
The Concrete distribution over indices has parameters. There are unnormalized probabilities that control how likely each index is to dominate the others, and there's a temperature parameter that controls the sparsity of samples.
Formally, the distribution is defined by its density function , which for can be written as
for [3]. That may not seem very intuitive, but we'll see a couple simpler ways to understand the Concrete distribution below.
First, here's what the samples look like for different sets of parameters.
Figure 1: Samples of for different values of , with and .
As you can see, the samples get more discrete/sparse as the temperature is set to lower values. And since we usually want discrete samples, the ability to set the temperature is an essential feature of the Concrete distribution.
To see why the temperature has this effect, we need to consider how the Concrete relates to other random variables.
• In terms of independent uniform samples , the random variable has dimensions equal to
This is how we typically sample from the Concrete distribution in practice. But the expression above isn't very intuitive.
• In terms of independent Gumbel samples , the random variable has dimensions equal to
or . This is what gives the Concrete distribution its other name, the Gumbel-softmax distribution [4]. And you can see that a low temperature would amplify the differences between the softmax arguments and lead to a one-hot vector.
• An interpretation that I find even simpler is that has dimensions equal to
where . So each dimension of the Concrete represents the proportion of the sum of independent Generalized Inverse Gamma random variables.
That last part about the Generalized Inverse Gamma variables makes the Concrete look a bit like the Dirichlet distribution (another distribution on the probability simplex), because the random variable has dimensions equal to
where , or equivalently . So the Concrete and Dirichlet distributions are actually pretty similar: they're both proportions of independent non-negative random variables, and both depend on the Gamma distribution. Table 1 provides a comparison between the Concrete and Dirichlet distributions, and it highlights how both can be understood in terms of other distributions.
Table 1: Concrete distribution versus Dirichlet distribution.
Concrete Dirichlet
Support for
Proportion of
Softmax of
Primary Uses Learning discrete distributions Conjugate prior
Topic modeling
The Concrete and Dirichlet distributions have some similarities, but their differences are significant. The Gamma distribution used by the Dirichlet is well-behaved: has finite mean, and all of its moments exist. By contrast, the Generalized Inverse Gamma is heavy-tailed: for low temperatures , the mean, variance, and higher moments of are all undefined [5]. Intuitively, that means that empirical estimators for these quantities would never converge because the occasional massive samples would throw them off. So at low temperatures , the Concrete distribution is much more likely to have individual samples that make up a large proportion of the total , which leads to values of near .
This perspective gives some intuition for why low temperatures have the effect of increasing the sparsity of Concrete samples. If you're interested, check out the derivation of these results below.
Consider the sequence of operations that we use to produe a Concrete sample using the Gumbel-softmax trick. For convenience, we'll use to denote the sequence of random variables.
1. Given , has distribution .
2. has distribution .
3. has distribution .
4. has distribution , or equivalently (using the shape-scale parameterization).
5. has distribution .
6. has distribution .
7. A Concrete random variable is therefore equal to
where . And if you're wondering about the relationships between all these different probability distributions, here's where you can learn more about them: Exponential, Gumbel, Gamma, Generalized Gamma, Generalized Inverse Gamma, Dirichlet.
Now, let's talk about the tradeoff we face when choosing a temperature value. What happens when we choose a high temperature or a low temperature?
High temperature
In the limit , samples from the Concrete distribution aren't like one-hot vectors at all. In fact, they're deterministically equal to , with the mass spread evenly between the indices [4]. Formally, we would say that for we have
This seems intuitive when you think about the Gumbel-softmax sampling trick, because a large temperature wipes out any differences between the arguments to the softmax.
Low temperature
In the limit , the samples start to actually look like one-hot vectors. This was proved in Proposition 1c of [3], where the authors showed that
Again, the increasing sparsity of the samples seems obvious when you consider the role of the temperature in the softmax. The fact that the probability of dominating the other indices is equal to is the magic of the Gumbel-max trick (which predates the Gumbel-softmax trick by several decades). Ryan Adams has a simple proof of this fact here.
An easy choice?
Given what we've just seen, this seems like an easy choice—we should just use to get more discrete samples, right? Unfortunately, there's a tradeoff: the original paper explains that low is necessary for discrete samples, but high is necessary for getting large gradients [3]. And we need large gradients to learn the parameters .
Figure 2: The tradeoff with the temperature parameter .
To deal with the tradeoff, some papers have used a carefully chosen fixed value of [6], while others have annealed from a high value to a low value [7]. I like the idea of annealing, because you can pass through a region of high that's suitable for learning while eventually ending up with discrete samples. Learning will get harder as gets closer to zero, but you should end up with a good solution for if you pre-solve the problem for a slightly larger .
So annealing seems like a good idea, but to do it, we still need to figure out a range of values that makes sense.
Choosing the right temperature
What does it mean to choose the right temperature value? We want a large enough temperature to enable learning, but we also want a low enough temperature to get discrete samples. That's why annealing from a high value to a low value is a nice idea, because we can get the best of both worlds. We know how the Concrete distribution behaves when or , and we want to pass between these two regimes when we anneal . The question is where the transition occurs.
To figure this out, I tried to derive a mathematical function to describe the sparsity of Concrete samples as a function of and . Sadly, this turned out to be very hard. My plan was to quantify the sparsity of single samples though their entropy, or the value of the maximum index, and then figure out what that quantity was in expectation. It turns out that the inverse of the maximum index is a bit easier to characterize, but figuring out was still too hairy. Maybe someone else will figure it out one day.
Until then, we can fall back on a simulation study. The idea is to consider different values of and to see how the sparsity of Concrete samples changes. Of course we should also look at different values of , but it seems obvious that letting will lead to the most spread out samples, so we'll just look at this "balanced" setting, plus one "imbalanced" setting where and the rest are .
We'll use two quantities to measure sparsity. First, we'll look at the average entropy of samples, , by which I mean the entropy in the discrete random variable . And second, we'll look at the expected value of the max index, .
I estimated each of these quantities for 100 different temperature values using a million samples, and the results demonstrate exactly what we want to see. The transition between perfect spread and perfect sparsity happens between and for a wide range of numbers of indices .
Figure 3 shows that the mean entropy starts out high and then goes to zero, and we start getting sparse samples without having to resort to extremely low temperatures. Even for large values of and balanced parameters, the samples have almost no entropy with . And when the parameters are imbalanced, we can get sparse samples with even higher temperatures.
Figure 3: The mean entropy of samples from the Concrete distribution for different values of , with two settings of . Horizontal lines show the maximum possible entropy for each value of .
Figure 4 shows the expected value of the max index , and these simulations tell the same story. According to these results, it would be safer to set the temperature to to get truly discrete samples when is balanced, but for imbalanced parameters we can get near exact sparsity with .
Figure 4: The mean max value of samples from the Concrete distribution for different values of , with two settings of . Horizontal lines show the minimum possible max value for each value of .
These results show that if you want to start with a high temperature to make learning easier, then there's no point in going higher than . And if you want to reduce the temperature to get truly discrete samples, then should be sufficient. Even for reasonably large values of , annealing the temperature between and allows you to transition between the two regimes, so you can get the best of both worlds by taking advantage of larger gradients for learning while still ending up with discrete samples.
The Concrete distribution is a powerful tool because it lets us learn the parameters of discrete distributions with the reparameterization trick, but the low temperatures that are necessary for truly discrete samples can make learning harder. These simulations gave us a good idea of the right range of values to use during training by showing where the transition occurs between perfect spread and perfect sparsity.
According to the results in these simulations, multiplicatively annealing the temperature from to (as in the Concrete Autoencoders paper [7]) or even just setting (the fixed value used by L2X [6]) should be effective both for learning, and for ultimately getting discrete samples. That's what I'll be doing from now on.
1. Diederik Kingma, Max Welling. "Auto-encoding Variational Bayes." International Conference on Learning Representations, 2013.
2. Danilo Rezende, Shakir Mohamed, Daan Wierstra. "Stochastic Backpropagation and Approximate Inference in Deep Generative Models." International Conference on Machine Learning, 2014.
3. Chris Maddison, Andriy Mnih, Yee Whye Teh. "The Concrete Distribution: A Continuous Relaxation of Discrete Random Variables." International Conference on Learning Representations, 2016.
4. Eric Jang, Shixiang Gu, Ben Poole. "Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmax." International Conference on Learning Representations, 2016.
5. Leigh Halliwell. "Classifying the Tails of Loss Distributions." Casualty Actuarial Society E-Forum, Spring 2013.
6. Jianbo Chen et al. "Learning to Explain: An Information-Theoretic Perspective on Model Interpretation." International Conference on Machine Learning, 2018.
7. Abubakar Abid, Muhammad Fatih Balin, James Zou. "Concrete Autoencoders for Differentiable Feature Selection and Reconstruction." International Conference on Machine Learning, 2019.
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Being Frank: Tribes are Reacting to Climate Change
The pictures don't lie. Climate change combined with the continued loss of salmon habitat caused by human development is taking a toll on natural resources. The damage to salmon and the people who have always depended on salmon is significant.
A good example is Anderson Glacier in the Olympic Mountains, which feeds the Quinault River. A 1927 photo of the glacier shows a massive table of ice. Look today and you’ll see mostly rocks. The glacier is gone.
In the past, glaciers melted slowly during the summer months and helped contribute cool, clean water to the rivers where salmon begin and end their lives. But today our rivers are getting warmer and our glaciers are disappearing, harming salmon at every stage of their life cycle.
Salmon and Indian people evolved together over centuries, but climate change is happening in the blink of an eye. It’s happening too quickly for salmon – and us – to keep up.
What can we do? We can try to save as much habitat as we can.
The Quinault Indian Nation is finding ways to preserve returning spring chinook that depend on melting glacier water during the peak of the summer. They're looking into creating broodstock by rearing wild offspring in a hatchery to increase survival and preserve the run’s genetics.
The Quinaults also are conducting a massive upper watershed restoration that will help stabilize river channels threatened by increased sediment left behind by melting glaciers. Salmon eggs are washed away each winter by powerful storms. By planting thousands of trees in 12 miles of barren floodplain, the Quinaults are helping preserve habitat for the spring run.
The Tulalip Tribes are studying ocean acidification, a side effect of climate change. The chemistry of the ocean and Puget Sound is changing because water absorbs carbon dioxide produced by fossil fuels. The Tulalip Tribes are paying careful attention to acidification’s impacts on local eel grass beds while protecting the remaining beds.
Our future tribal leaders have zeroed in on this issue, too. A group of students from the Suquamish Tribe recently participated in a national summit on climate change and ocean acidification. Interviewing tribal elders, scientists and others, the students made a powerful presentation at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C., about the impact of climate change on our communities.
Next summer our coastal tribes, Hoh, Quileute, Makah and Quinault Indian Nation, will join the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries to host a climate change symposium at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian. "Maintaining Identity in the Face of Climate Change" is the name of the conference, which will include native people from coastal areas around the nation. They will testify to climate change impacts that are already occurring, what they are doing to prepare for the future, and how traditional indigenous knowledge may help those efforts.
I don’t know if we can reverse climate change. I hope we can. In the meantime, we need to protect as many salmon and as much habitat as possible while we look for solutions. And we need to do it now.
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Vulnerability is a weakness in a computer system. It shows that your computer system is opened to be attacked by malware, ransomware and virus. These threats can destroy the computer system and they can even cause damage to the hardware, software and electronic data. Having a good, effective and powerful cyber security can protect your computer system from all these harmful threats.
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Physical activity benefits over the life course
We developed a model explaining how physical activity benefits health over the life course. Physical activity can benefit health at any age, but has different health outcomes at different ages. For example, in young adults, it may help prevent obesity, whereas later in life, it is important in helping to prevent type 2 diabetes.
In general, physical activity is beneficial for health. However, little is known about benefits across different domains of activities performed within daily-life routines such as commuting, leisure-time and activities at work. And does it also matter how old you are? This thesis focuses on the relationship between daily-life moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and health. Data from the Lifelines cohort was used for this.
When people were more active than others, the domain of activity was important. Being intensively active in leisure time (think of brisk walking, cycling and sports) is healthy. The same applies to active commuting, for example cycling to work. What was not favorable was hard work. Intensive physical activity at work showed no favorable relationship with health. It is not clear whether the type of physical activity associated with work is not favorable, or whether there are other circumstances at work that counteract a possible health benefit.
Interestingly, the association between being active and health depended on age. Being physically active was related to lower body weight gain mostly in younger adults, while being more active was strongly associated with lower risk of fatty liver or high blood pressure in older adults.
Even in people who already have a serious illness, physical activity is still beneficial. Patients who were more active after a kidney transplant were less likely to have diabetes and less likely to die prematurely.
In conclusion, physical activity is beneficial for health at any adult age and also for people with chronic health problems.
Interested on the relationship between daily-life moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and health data? Read the article: Physical activity and cardiometabolic health: Focus on domain-specific associations of physical activity over the life course
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Healing + Spirituality + Light
A high vibration crystal that carries the energy of rainbow light. Aids with releasing tension and doubts about one's self-worth while providing a sense of wholeness. Expands consciousness and helps with cleansing and clearing one’s aura. Provides peace and serenity while healing the physical and spiritual body
Chakra: All Chakras
Aqua Aura - Gift Set Bracelet & Loose Stone
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Starting with F(x) = integral (-2, x) 3t^2(cos (t^3) + 2) dt, use substitution u(t)=t^3 to rewrite the definite integral. You should get a new equivalent expression for F(x), which consists of this new definite integral.
1. 👍
2. 👎
3. 👁
1. u = t^3
so t = u^(1/3)
du = 3 t^2 dt
so dt = du/3 t^2 = du /3u^(2/3)
if t = -2 , u = -8
if t = x, u = x^3
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Gan De (spacecraft)
Gan De (tentative)
Mission typeJupiter orbiter
Spacecraft properties
Start of mission
Launch date2029 (proposed)
Jupiter orbiter
Orbital insertion2035 (proposed)
Gan De is the tentative name for a proposed interplanetary mission by China to study the Jupiter system and its environs.[1]
The goals of the proposed Gan De Jupiter mission were detailed in an article published in a Chinese academic journal, they include the following: study of the interaction between magnetic fields and plasma present in the Jovian system, examination of the compositional variations in the Jovian atmosphere, exploration of the internal structures and surface characteristics of either Ganymede or Callisto, as well as investigation of the space environment surrounding the aforementioned Galilean satellites.[2]
According to reports in the Western media, there are two competing mission profiles as of January 2021: the 'Jupiter Callisto Orbiter' (JCO) and the 'Jupiter System Observer' (JSO).[1] 'JCO' would involve a spacecraft conducting fly-bys of Jupiter's irregular satellites before it enters into a polar orbit about Callisto; this mission profile also may include a Callisto lander. In contrast, the 'JSO' mission profile, while broadly similar to that of 'JCO', would forgo an attempt by a spacecraft to orbit Callisto and instead would focus on more intensive studies of the Galilean moon Io (the 'JSO' mission profile also does not appear to include a lander though it may involve sending the spacecraft to the Sun-Jupiter L1 point at the conclusion of its tour of the Jovian system). Finally, presentations by Chinese researchers suggest that the Gan De Jupiter mission may include an additional probe that would conduct a fly-by of Uranus sometime after 2040.[3]
The tentative name of this mission references the fourth century BCE Chinese astronomer 'Gan De' who made early planetary observations and reputedly first observed the Galilean moons with the unaided eye.[1]
Jupiter Callisto Orbiter
The Jupiter Callisto Orbiter would fly by several irregular satellites before entering a polar orbit around Callisto. This scenario includes a possible lander which, like the Chang’e lunar landers, would provide unprecedented insights into the moon’s formation and evolution. Callisto is the outermost of the four Galilean moons. Its interior experiences less heating due to gravity from the other moons and Jupiter. It likely formed with leftover Jupiter material and has sat mostly dormant since, with only asteroid impacts to modify its surface. The moon thus preserves a history of the early Jupiter system and our solar system at large for a lander to study. Callisto also has a thin atmosphere with small amounts of oxygen, increasing its scientific allure despite being less glamorous than fellow subsurface ocean moons Europa and Ganymede and volatile, active Io. Callisto is also the least challenging Jovian moon to land on. A spacecraft requires less fuel to reach it, and it sits outside Jupiter’s intense radiation field. These are reasons why Callisto is its target.[4]
Jupiter Systems Observer
The Jupiter System Observer would trade out a possible Callisto landing for a focus on Io. The spacecraft JSO would perform several Io flybys, studying how Jupiter’s gravity tugs on the moon to power its volcanic activity. JSO would also study the mass, density, dynamics and chemical and isotopic composition of irregular satellites and would provide insights into these unique remnants of Jupiter’s formation. As an option, JSO could release one or several small satellites to perform multi-point studies of the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere.
At the end of its tour JSO could be sent to orbit the Sun-Jupiter L1 point, where the planet’s gravity balances with the Sun’s in a way that spacecraft can remain there for long periods of time. From this unique perch where no spacecraft has ever visited, JSO could monitor the solar wind outside of Jupiter’s magnetic field, and survey the irregular Jovian moons from afar. [5]
On October 15, 2003, CNSA launched China's first independent crewed orbital mission; subsequently it prosecuted successful robotic lunar orbital missions (Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2) and a robotic lunar lander/rover mission (Chang'e 3). In the hope of building upon these achievements, CNSA began to contemplate more ambitious interplanetary missions in the 2020's and beyond. In 2018, Pei Zhaoyu, the deputy director of CNSA's Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center stated that China was planning to conduct four major interplanetary missions before the end of the 2020's;[6] the four missions include a mission to Mars (Tianwen-1), a main-belt comet and asteroid sample-return mission (ZhengHe), a Mars sample-return mission, and a Jupiter system mission. As of early 2021, the aforementioned 'JCO' and 'JSO' mission profiles are competing to be realized as the Gan De Jupiter system mission.[1]
Currently there is scant publicly-available information in the western media regarding potential instruments for this mission, though it is likely that these would include a magnetometer, charged and neutral particle detectors, and spectrometers at various wavelengths. In addition, both the JCO and JSO mission profiles include CubeSats that would carry particles and fields detectors.[1]
1. ^ a b c d e Jones, Andrew (12 January 2021). "Jupiter Mission by China could include Callisto Landing". Retrieved 1 May 2021.
2. ^ Xu, Lin; Zou, Yongliao; Jia, Yingzhuo (2018). "China's planning for deep space exploration and lunar exploration before 2030" (PDF). Chinese Journal of Space Science. 38 (5): 591–592. doi:10.11728/cjss2018.05.591.
3. ^ Jones, Andrew (14 July 2017). "Mars, asteroids, Ganymede and Uranus: China's deep space exploration plan to 2030 and beyond". FindChinaInfo. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
4. ^ "Jupiter Mission by China Could Include Callisto Landing". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
5. ^ Blanc, Michel; Wang, Chi; Li, Lei; Li, Mingtao; Wang, Linghua; Wang, Yuming; Wang, Yuxian; Zong, Qiugang; Andre, Nicolas; Mousis, Olivier; Hestroffer, Daniel (2020-05-01). "Gan De: Science Objectives and Mission Scenarios For China's Mission to the Jupiter System". 22: 20179. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
6. ^ "China outlines roadmap for deep space exploration – Xinhua |". Retrieved 2 May 2021.
External links
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Readers ask: Tillamook tribe food?
Readers ask: Tillamook tribe food?
What did the Tillamook tribe live in?
Like the other Indian nations of the Northwest Coast, the Tillamook had permanent villages which consisted of several houses, a women’s house, sweathouses, and a graveyard containing raised canoe burials. Tillamook houses were rectangular and constructed from horizontal cedar planks.
What did the Tillamook tribe wear?
During the summer the women wore long grass skirts and grass capes around their shoulders that tied around their necks. The Tillamook women created these articles of clothing with cedar bark and long grass. When winter came the women wore buckskin hide dresses and skirts, with woven basket hats.
What was the main food source for the Northwest?
The Pacific Ocean was the main source of food for the people, and, therefore, the men spent a lot of time fishing along the coast. Pacific Salmon was abundant in the waters, and became the most important food resource of the people.
What weapons did the Tillamook tribe use?
Weapons included hunting equipment as well as elk hide armor. The Tillamook painted themselves for war with red and black stripes. Their enemies may have included the Chinook and the Kalapuyans. Slave raiding may have been a primary object of war.
What language did the Tillamook tribe speak?
In the case of the Tillamook Nation, which includes the Nehalem and Nestucca tribes, the primary language spoken was Salish. “The men spoke Salish,” said Beach, “but the women tended to be bilingual or trilingual, because they were from somewhere else.”
Where is the Tillamook tribe located?
Location The Tillamook traditionally lived along a coastal strip from roughly Tillamook Head to the Siletz River, in present-day Oregon. Population The Tillamook population stood at about 2,200 in 1805. In 1950 it was under 250. In 1990 roughly 50 Tillamook descendants lived in and around Oregon.
You might be interested: Pocahontas tribe facts?
What region did the Powhatan tribe live in?
Where do the Arapaho live?
Arapaho, North American Indian tribe of Algonquian linguistic stock who lived during the 19th century along the Platte and Arkansas rivers of what are now the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas.
What did the Tillamook tribe trade?
The Tillamook travelled north to the Columbia River where they traded for abalone shell, dentalia, buffalo hides and buffalo horn dishes, and for dried Columbia River salmon. The Tualatin Kalapuya often travelled into Tillamook country to trade and intermarriage between the two tribes was common.
Why do the foods we eat matter?
What type of food does the Pawnee tribe eat?
Why do the people of the Pacific Northwest tribes create totem poles?
Totem poles are monuments created by First Nations of the Pacific Northwest to represent and commemorate ancestry, histories, people, or events. Totem poles would not necessarily tell a story so much as it would serve to document stories and histories familiar to community members or particular family or clan members.
You might be interested: Readers ask: Tribe of rushing water?
Where did the Apaches live?
The Apache dominated much of northern Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 5,000 Apache lived in the Southwest in 1680 AD. Some Apache lived in the mountains, while others lived on the plains.
Where did the Anasazi Navajo Hopi and Zuni live?
The airy settlement that we explored had been built by the Anasazi, a civilization that arose as early as 1500 B.C. Their descendants are today’s Pueblo Indians, such as the Hopi and the Zuni, who live in 20 communities along the Rio Grande, in New Mexico, and in northern Arizona.
Where did the Chinook tribe live?
Harold Plumb
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Numerade Educator
Problem 15 Easy Difficulty
Find a formula for the general term $ a_n $ of the sequence, assuming that the pattern of the first few terms continues.
$ \left\{ -3, 2, - \frac {4}{3}, {8}{9}, - \frac {16}{27}, . . .\right\} $
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Video Transcript
Let's find a formula for the general term of this sequence. So we see that we're starting off with three. Then how are we getting to two? Are we getting there by adding, or by multiplying? Well, if we didn't get there by adding would have to add five. But if we add five to two, we'd get to seven. Not negative for over three. So perhaps this is a she measured sequence, and here were multiplying. Bye. Negative. Two over three. So if we start off with three negative three multiplied by negative to over three, you get to two times negative to over three negative for over three, which is over here and so on. So it looks like we take to find a n. You start off with the first term, and then you multiply by negative to over three and minus one times. So this is the formula for the end of term of the sequence, and that's our final answer.
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Canada’s Environmental Movement
A country’s ability to have an effective recycling system and reach sustainable green goals is reflected in their attitudes to their environment. Canada’s environmental movement had its beginnings in the early 1900s. For centuries before European settlement, Indigenous people lived off the land and caused little destruction to the environment. Their beliefs informed their treatment of the environment as they believed humans were interconnected and part of the environment. There is no hierarchy between humans, land, plants, or animals they share the space with. There is little evidence that the agricultural activities caused long term damage to the environment and as they often moved their settlements, this allowed the regions left to grow back and restore the wildlife. For this reason, the current environmental problems are linked to European settlement. Canada’s history of the environmental movement can be divided into four waves as each period reflects certain themes.
The Four Key Waves of Environmentalism
1. First Wave, ‘Conservation’ Late 1800, Early 1900
Initially, European colonists viewed North America’s vast land as inexhaustible. But, individuals close to the forestry industry initiated many of Canada’s early conversation efforts. These luberman noticed the rapid depletion of Canadian forests. They campaigned for controlled harvesting and reserved areas for future use. In 1930, the Canadian National Parks Act marked a turning point, conserving land as national parks as a long term green solution.
2. Second Wave, ‘Pollution’, 1960s-1970s
The 1960s marked a different era for conservation and the environmental movement in Canada as concern about pollution became a major public issue. A growing number of Canadians became concerned about the consequences of human activity on the environment. This led to environmentalists forming specialised groups such as Society for the Promotion of Environmental Conservation in British Columbia, Pollution Probe in Ontario, and the Ecology Action Centre in the Maritimes. The change in attitude and focus on organising led to establishing Greenpeace in 1971 and Canada being well represented in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972.
3. Third Wave, ‘Environmental Groups’, 1980s-1990s
Environmentalism at the end of the 20th century continued to focus on issues of global concern. This time was about the formation of environmental groups bringing sustainable solutions to the country. For example, this period marked the movement’s formal entry into politics with the founding of the Green Party of Canada in 1983. The blue bin recycling system was also implemented citywide allowing households to sort their waste in 1984. Environmentalists during this time were also more willing to work with corporate culture in order to find solutions to environmental problems. These solutions had a long term impact as in 2004, Green Party candidates ran in every federal riding for the first time. In 2011, leader Elizabeth May became the first Green Party member to be elected to the House of Commons.
4. Fourth Wave, ‘Climate Change’, 2000s
The start of the 21st century, climate change emerged as an overarching international concern for environmental activists and nature conservationists alike. Climate change drew global attention with the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. This protocol required nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions — the gases responsible for climate change — by a certain amount. In 2011, Canada withdrew from the agreement. The government of the day, Stephen Harper’s Conservative Party, cited a number of reasons for withdrawing, including how far Canada lagged behind the protocol’s targets.
Recycling Now
In October 2015, Justin Trudeau was elected prime minister. He made climate change a focus of the first few months of his leadership, signing the Paris Agreement in April 2016. The agreement, signed by nearly 200 countries, outlines the ways in which the international community will cooperate to keep global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Harper’s government had been accused of trying to limit environmental protest by branding environmental groups as radicals or potential threats to national security. For example, a 2012 anti-terrorism strategy referred to environmental grievances as a source of domestic extremism. However, changes under Trudeau’s government has seen an increase in environmental activism, most notably amongst the Youth who are now creating their own organisations such as the United Nations Conference of Youth. Despite these changes in policy and activism, Canada still faces issues with its recycling. Canadians have been utilising their blue bins since it was introduced in the 1980s, however despite sorting their waste for recycling it is unlikely that it happens. The recycling system is run by private industries with no accountability. Canadian recycling centres are now stuck with literal tonnes of waste that can’t be recycled locally, can no longer be sold for a profit, and actually cost money (and create emissions) to haul away.
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Water And Oceanography
Characteristics of Tides
Stanley Courage Duoghah's image for:
"Characteristics of Tides"
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In oceanography or the study of the oceans, tides refer to the rise and fall of sea levels. A situation which is brought about by two things: the gravitational forces exerted by the sun and the moon and the rotation of the earth, which has 71% of its surface area as occupation zone for the ocean. However, in their cause of ocean tides, the moon to a greater extent, when compared with the Sun, influences tides due to its nearness to the earth on which the oceans lie.
The characteristics of tides vary in relation to the different types of tides available in the oceans of the world.
Diurnal tides
Diurnal tides occurs once in a day and any place or part of the ocean where diurnal tides are common or occur will normally experience one low tide and one high tide within a day or a 25 hours period.
Diurnal tides are usually characterized by rises and falls in water levels for prolonged periods of time and in some cases, a complete cease in ocean waves crashing on shores (when the single low tide is being experienced).
Semi-diurnal tides
Unlike diurnal tides, semi-diurnal tides occur two times in a day. They are also caused by the gravitational forces exerted by the sun and the moon (to a larger extent) and the movement of our planet, places or oceans where semi-diurnal tides occur usually go through two high tides and two low tides within 24 hours. The two high tides are, however, not similar in height, hence referred to as the higher high water (tide) and the lower high water.
The two low tides are also named higher low water and the lower low water.
Semi-diurnal tides, also, have as features rise and decline in water levelsand water rising to its highest level and flood tides.
Mixed tides
Mixed tides are said to be taking place when a single low tides occurs immediately after two high tides. Mixed tides, as the name suggests, have the characteristics that are common to both diurnal and semi-diurnal tides.
Places where mixed tides occur also experience ebb tides, water level falling and moving away from the shore, and flood tides, water level rising and covering a substantial chunk of the shoreline, over a period of time.
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Pictures of tides
More about this author: Stanley Courage Duoghah
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Posts From February, 2020
Why Does My Child Have A Chronic Cough?
Why does my child have a chronic cough? It can feel like your child is always sick. One of the most frequent issues is a nagging chronic cough at nighttime that disrupts their sleep and yours. It’s often just attributed to allergy and a laundry list of medications are used without much relief. Maybe even […]
Sleep ENT Doctors and Sleep Dentist Often Work Together to Treat Snoring and Sleep Apnea
What is the difference between snoring and Sleep Apnea First off, let’s define snoring and sleep apnea. Snoring is resistance to airflow through the upper airway creating vibration and noise production. Sleep apnea is the same condition except for the resistance to airflow is intermittently severe enough to create cessation of airflow (apnea). The obstructive […]
Clarifix for Chronic Runny Nose
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Celia, A Slave
Celia, A Slave
Book Exam for Celia, a Slave, Melton A. McLaurin
In a complete essay, answer ONE of the following. Please do not forget to answer the entire essay question (100 points).
Southerners justified their %u0432%u0402%u045Apeculiar institution%u0432%u0402%u045C (that is, slavery) by claiming paternalistic oversight. In other words, Negroes were like children, and if white slave owners didn%u0432%u0402%u2122t take care of them, then the slaves wouldn%u0432%u0402%u2122t know how to take care of themselves. The case of Missouri vs. Celia cast a brutal light on this attitude exposing it as false. In your view, why did Southern slave owners feel the need to justify their peculiar institution in a positive fashion?
The fact that Celia even had a trial challenged the %u0432%u0402%u045Apeculiar institution%u0432%u0402%u045C in the South. Why do you think Callaway County, MO allowed Celia a trial? Even though Celia was given the death penalty for her crime, how did her actions (and Celia%u0432%u0402%u2122s exploitation by Newsome) force white Southerners to face the moral ambiguity of the slave system?
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On-scene assessment of a damaged area with dynamic real-time data fed directly in to an emergency operations center.
Being lightweight systems in a sector where time is a precious commodity, UAVs can deploy rapidly and provide an on-scene assessment of a damaged area with dynamic real-time data fed directly in to an emergency operations center. This information gathering starts to immediately build a picture which can help the command level achieve a quick appreciation of the size of the event to answer key questions such as, ‘how big is the problem?’ and ‘how do you scale the response?’.
As the rescue and recovery activity builds, drones provide a responsive, ‘birds eye view’ which assists in coordinating ongoing operations, allowing commanders to determine where to move assets, at what time and with the correct equipment.
Finally, drones can conduct mapping and survey flights to determine the scale of damage through change detection techniques, thereby assisting in reconstruction activity further down the line.
Emergency Response
At a first-responder level, a drone fitted with digital thermography equipment can be used in the search for missing persons, where every second counts. Remotely piloted aircraft can, in many instances be deployed quicker than a helicopter, are more affordable and can fly at lower altitudes making it easier to discriminate between human and animal forms.
Thermal imaging can also be used to determine the source, spread, direction and ferocity of a fire in buildings or bushland, allowing emergency services to plan a coordinated attack prior to entering the battle-zone. Again, in many instances a remotely piloted aircraft can be deployed faster than a helicopter and is more affordable, justifying its use in a broader range of events.
Remotely piloted aircraft can also provide a valued ‘eye-in-the-sky’ to Police undertaking tactical operations. Drones are able to see over obstacles and around corners to obtain situational awareness without putting forces in harms way. Being relatively quiet, and able to hover at an altitude of up to 400’ (~122m), drones can covertly cover an incident without drawing attention.
UAV’s are also useful tools in crime scene analysis, traffic accident investigations, fire damage assessment, and in evaluating emergency management’s effectiveness, by providing a means for post-event review and analysis. Furthermore, drone footage can be used to dispute false accounts, or provide eyewitness testimony in the event of conflicting statements.
Disaster Management
Drones can be deployed directly to site and by monitoring in real-time and collecting accurate data, you can make smarter decisions faster. Similarly, in constantly changing environments – built up areas, increased traffic and sprawling commercial estates – effective drone use makes all the difference. Incident Commanders can gain greater situational awareness and better identify where resources need to be deployed. Drone use affords better planning, reduces risk and can help keep costs low without compromising the safety of your force or the public.
Drones are particularly well adapted to emergency scenarios as they are easy to deploy and safe to use. Hence, when a natural disaster or accident happen, image acquisitions with high levels of detail can be performed within a few hours only. Combining the acquisition with our cloud-based photogrammetry solution profiting from endless computer processing power, our emergency mapping expertise allows the end user to get deliverables within a day.
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Makgadifgadi Park is a 12,000 km2, Nxai 2100km2, these two parks will complement each other. They have the same configuration. Very dry during the dry season, the safari is random.
In December, with the first rains, flocks of animals can come from Savuti.
The park is known for being a top breeding ground for pink flamingos. En 1988, 1.5 million pink flamingos have been listed in the Park. This number may vary based on years and importance of rainfall to achieve a minimum of “50 000” individuals.
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Science / Year 10 / Science Understanding / Earth and space sciences
View on Australian Curriculum website Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority
Curriculum content descriptions
• investigating how human activity affects global systems
• explaining the causes and effects of the greenhouse effect
• investigating the effect of climate change on sea levels and biodiversity
• considering the long-term effects of loss of biodiversity
Cross-curriculum priorities
ScOT terms
Atmosphere, Earth structure, Biogeochemical cycles
One man's trash is another man's treasure
Global change - iTunes app
Climate science analysis from The Conversation
Oresome world
EarthViewer - iTunes app
The greenhouse effect
This is an interactive resource about how greenhouse gases affect the climate. Students use a simulation to explore the atmosphere during the ice age and today. They change variables such as adding clouds, changing greenhouse gas concentrations and see how the temperature changes. They can then compare this to the effect ...
Drought culprit
This 12 minute video segment from Catalyst is an excellent resource for students researching how oceans influence conditions on Earth's surface. It demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of using models in science and how our understanding is open to revision as more information comes to light.
Argo floats
This minute video segment from Catalyst decade ago describes the Australian initiative, Argo, that has become a major international collaborative project to look at the world's oceans and help understand processes at depth - monitoring the pulse of the global heat balance and giving us vital information on the ocean's role ...
Coal Gas
This 12 minute video segment from Catalyst outlines how for decades, scientists have worked to develop technologies that can unlock the energy from coal while reducing the risks of digging it up and burning it. Now entirely new industries are booming as they tap into coal seams either too gassy or too deep to be mined by ...
Solar thermal electricity
This program gives an update on research into solar thermal electricity. Liddell Power Station in the Hunter Valley, NSW is a hybrid power station using solar energy to pre-heat water and so reduce the use of coal and the production of carbon dioxide. Some scientists claim that harnessing the solar heat in an area 50km ...
Sites2See: What is climate change?
Recent evapotranspiration
This resource is a Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) web page with a map of Australia showing daily reference evapotranspiration and also tables of daily transpiration for each Australian state and the Northern Territory. Monthly data is available via the location links in the tables for each state.
Climate educator guide, activity 2: the carbon cycle
This is a teaching-learning resource containing teaching strategies and a student activity about the carbon cycle and how carbon in the atmosphere is connected to living things. The resource has six tabs, five of which are relevant. The first tab provides information about the carbon cycle and the second provides an activity ...
Climate education guide, activity 3: trees and carbon
This is a teaching-learning resource containing teaching strategies and a student activity about the role of forests as carbon sinks and the effect of tree size on the capacity to store carbon. The resource has six tabs, five of which are relevant. The first tab provides information about the importance of forests in storing ...
Climate educator guide, activity 5: investments in forest carbon
This is a teaching-learning resource containing teaching strategies and a student activity about identifying the valuable benefits, such as carbon sequestration, provided by forests. The resource has five tabs, four of which are relevant. The first tab provides information about policies and initiatives designed to protect ...
Science Talk 2007: Jack Bacon
National study guides: Sustainability and Food security- Years 7-10
This is a website containing a range of study guides on sustainability in food production and food security, they include: Water: our most precious resource; Biodiversity: protecting the environment; Greener farming: protecting the environment; Animal health: the science of healthy animals: and Food for the future: Farming ...
Cloud seeding
This nine and a half minute video segment from Catalyst describes how researchers from Monash University have hard evidence that cloud seeding can produce good amounts of extra rainfall. Data collected over a long period of time has give hope to scientists and environmentalists who are trying to reduce the impacts of droughts ...
Water recycling
This 11 minute video segment from Catalyst provides an excellent explanation of the processes involved in recycling sewage for an urban water supply. It also provides a range of opinions and concerns in an excellent debate on the topic.
Why is the ozone hole bigger in the less polluted southern hemisphere?
This article provides an excellent model of a scientific explanation. It addresses the question "if the atmosphere in the northern hemisphere is much more polluted than it is in the southern hemisphere, why is there an ozone hole in the south and not in the north?"
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Cognitive Ability Tests Name Institution Organizations are formed with the aim of achieving unique goals. This means that a variety of things must be done to ensure that the company’s objectives are attained at the end of the period. One of the strategies used is planning, evaluation, and then predicting the future. Therefore, to predict what will happen some tools are required such as historical data of the financial performance of the company. However, due to the advancement of technology things have changed and even employees are used as predictors of the future. This means the employer should conduct cognitive tests among his or her employees. Also, there are ethical values and statutory obligations that must be followed. As a result, this is the most challenging thing for the employers to know whether they are doing what is right or violating the set laws governing the welfare of employees. For instance, it is the responsibility of the employers to predict the performance of the company. At the same time, there are some legal implications because of certain decisions they cannot make. In this essay, we will be analyzing whether it is fair for firms to use the cognitive test to predict the organization’s performance given that they have adverse effects to the minority (Macan et al., 2014). It should be noted that cognitive tests are mainly used during employee selection exercise. Employers use it because they believe it is the best measure that can be used to know the behavior of the candidates that are selected for various positions. For example, the managers may want to know how an individual will respond to harsh working conditions and their learning
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Selective colonization ability of human fecal microbes in different mouse gut environments.
Wei Zhou, The Jackson Laboratory
Kin-Hoe Chow
Elizabeth Fleming, The Jackson Laboratory
Julia Oh, The Jackson Laboratory
We would like to thank Bonnie Lyons and Dina Baker, and Kin-hoe Chow’s teams for their valuable support in mouse experiments.
Mammalian hosts constantly interact with diverse exogenous microbes, but only a subset of the microbes manage to colonize due to selective colonization resistance exerted by host genetic factors as well as the native microbiota of the host. An important question in microbial ecology and medical science is if such colonization resistance can discriminate closely related microbial species, or even closely related strains of the same species. Using human-mouse fecal microbiota transplantation and metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we reconstructed colonization patterns of human fecal microbes in mice with different genotypes (C57BL6/J vs. NSG) and with or without an intact gut microbiota. We found that mouse genotypes and the native mouse gut microbiota both exerted different selective pressures on exogenous colonizers: human fecal Bacteroides successfully established in the mice gut, however, different species of Bacteroides selectively enriched under different gut conditions, potentially due to a multitude of functional differences, ranging from versatility in nutrient acquisition to stress responses. Additionally, different clades of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus strains were selectively enriched in different gut conditions, suggesting that the fitness of conspecific microbial strains in a novel host environment could differ.
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My name is Niall Gallagher Clancy. I’m a fifth-generation Montanan, born and raised in the Bitterroot Valley. In grade school, I formed a group to save worms on the playground during rainy days. I haven’t changed much since then.
Today, I use the scientific method to protect and restore freshwater species and ecosystems. I also believe we must broaden our scope to include greater numbers of species than we currently conserve. If we do not, we risk the intricate ecosystems that support all species.
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An Exploratory Study of Primary Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Processes during Digital Making Activities
Principal Investigator (2020-present). This study aims to explore students’ problem-solving processes, mathematical thinking, and any CT- and mathematics-related challenges that emerge during problem-based dM activities. Funded by Chinese University of Hong Kong Direct Grant ($39,300 HKD).
Ng, O., Cui, Z. (2020). Examining primary students’ mathematical problem-solving in a programming context: Toward a computationally enhanced mathematics education. ZDM Mathematics Education.
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1 - Fire Hazards
Fire Hazards
Fire starts when heat (source of ignition) comes into contact with fuel (anything that burns), and oxygen (air). You need to keep sources of ignition and fuel apart. How could a fire start? Think about heaters, lighting, naked flames, electrical equipment, hot processes such as welding or grinding, cigarettes, matches and anything else that gets very hot or causes sparks. What could burn? Packaging, rubbish and furniture could all burn, just like the more obvious fuels such as petrol, paint, varnish and white spirit. Also think about wood, paper, plastic, rubber and foam. Do the walls or ceilings have hardboard, chipboard, or polystyrene? Check outside, too.
Have you found anything that could start a fire?
Have you found anything that could burn?
2 - People at Risk
People at risk Everyone is at risk if there is a fire. Think whether the risk is greater for some because of when or where they work, such as night staff, or because they’re not familiar with the premises, such as visitors or customers. Children, the elderly or disabled people are especially vulnerable.
Have you identified who could be at risk?
Have you identified who could be especially at risk?
3 - Evaluate and Act
Evaluate - Remove and Reduce - Protect
First, think about what you have found in steps 1 and 2: what are the risks of a fire starting, and what are the risks to people in the building and nearby?
Remove and reduce risk
How can you avoid accidental fires? Could a source of heat or sparks fall, be knocked or pushed into something that would burn? Could that happen the other way round?
Take action to protect your premises and people from fire.
Have you assessed the risks of fire in your workplace?
Have you assessed the risk to staff and visitors?
Have you kept any source of fuel and heat/sparks apart?
If someone wanted to start a fire deliberately, is there anything around they could use?
Have you removed or secured any fuel an arsonist could use?
Have you protected your premises from accidental fire or arson?
How can you make sure everyone is safe in case of fire?
Will you know there is a fire?
Do you have a plan to warn others?
Who will make sure everyone gets out?
Who will call the fire service?
Could you put out a small fire quickly and stop it spreading?
How will everyone escape?
Have you planned escape routes?
Have you made sure people will be able to safely find their way out, even at night if necessary?
Does all your safety equipment work?
Will people know what to do and how to use equipment? Make a note of what you have found.
4 - Record , Plan and Train
Record , Plan and Train
Keep a record of any fire hazards and what you have done to reduce or remove them. If your premises are small, a record is a good idea. If you have five or more staff or have a licence then you must keep a record of what you have found and what you have done.
You must have a clear plan of how to prevent fire and how you will keep people safe in case of fire. If you share a building with others, you need to coordinate your plan with them.
You need to make sure your staff know what to do in case of fire, and if necessary, are trained for their roles.
Have you made a record of what you have found, and action you have taken?
Have you planned what everyone will do if there is a fire?
Have you discussed the plan with all staff?
Have you informed and trained people (practised a fire drill and recorded how it went)?
Have you nominated staff to put in place your fire prevention measures, and trained them?
Have you made sure everyone can fulfil their role?
Have you informed temporary staff?
Have you consulted others who share a building with you, and included them in your plan?
5 - Review
Keep your risk assessment under regular review. Over time, the risks may change.
If you identify significant changes in risk or make any significant changes to your plan, you must tell others who share the premises and where appropriate re-train staff.
Have you made any changes to the building inside or out?
Have you had a fire or near miss?
Have you changed work practices?
Have you begun to store chemicals or dangerous substances?
Have you significantly changed your stock, or stock levels?
Have you planned your next fire drill?
Date and time of your next fire drill?
Who filled out this Fire Safety Risk Assessment?
Today's date and time
Please sign here.
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Write a letter to political prisoners!
Your letters help the political prisoners not to lose courage and support them during hard times.
Make friends with a political prisoner on politzek.me
The website is created with a purpose of making friends with the political prisoners of Belarus. Add friends and help them daily by doing tasks.
You'll ask: how can I help? Share, write and publish. Publicity is our main instrument now. Bad deeds are afraid of being exposed to public. We should stand up for those who've taken risks and done brave things. Instead of losing touch, let the political prisoners be heard. They should become our new celebrities. Let's tell everyone!
Who can I write to?
Currently almost 700 people are considered political prisoners in Belarus.
You can write to many of them.
Made on
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Calcium oxide
Page 1 of 50 - About 500 essays
• Advantages And Disadvantages Of Expansive Additives
4564 Words | 19 Pages
The colloidal ettringite crystals are formed by a through-solution mechanism in the presence of saturated calcium hydroxide. The presence of calcium hydroxide decreases the reaction rate of aluminates, thus it causes the formation of colloidal sized ettringite crystals. Because, the colloidal ettringite crystals have a high specific surface area and they be able to adsorb water
• Chapter I Introduction 1) Introduction 2) Fly ash an overview 3) Classification of fly
2700 Words | 11 Pages
Chapter I Introduction 1) Introduction 2) Fly ash an overview 3) Classification of fly ash 4) Impact of fly ash on environment 5) Remedies 6) Uses of fly ash 7) Strength of flyash 8) Stabilization of flyash 9) Lime an overview 10) Issue for the millennium INTRODUCTION Disposal of residual waste is one of the greatest challenges faced by the manufacturing industries in India.The waste products which are produced from these industries are generally toxic in nature, are easily ignitable
• The Famous Pozzolana Cement Of Ancient Rome Came From The Mining Of Volcanic Ash
1002 Words | 5 Pages
The renowned Pozzolana cement of ancient Rome came from the mining of Volcanic Ash, which was abundant in aluminosilicate minerals. (Lea, 2015) This specific cement, or indeed any aluminosilicate that react with lime in water to form cement is still referred to as Pozzolana or Pozzolan. In 1756 in Devon, John Smeaton developed a hydraulic lime which would go on to be succeeded by Portland cement (Milana, 2011). Further progress took place throughout the 1800s, but the actual concept of Portland
• Advantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory Bricks
2246 Words | 9 Pages
atmosphere. In this case the powder grains break, the material is pulverized, and articles crack [3-9]. Several methods such as using pitch, tar, flake, and vein graphite minerals, treating MgO-CaO materials in a CO2atmosphere or addition of different oxide additives, such as V2O5 [11], CuO [12], FeTiO3 [13], La2O3 [14], TiO2[], Ce2O [15], ZrO2 [16], and Fe2O3, have been tested to control the hydration resitance of MgO-CaO refractories. all methods lead the accession of CaO and MgO to the moisture to
• The Causes And Cons Of Chemistry In Chemistry
1772 Words | 8 Pages
After completion of the transesterification reaction employed at the optimal conditions, the catalyst was collected from the reactant mixture by filtration; the catalyst was washed with hexane several times to remove the adhered oil particles, and then dried at 110°C for 2 hr. The catalyst was reused several times without further treatment to obtain FAME from WCSO. To evaluate catalyst stability, the optimum amount of CaO that was obtained by examining the operating condition was stirred with 38ml
• The Acidic Environment Around Us
1342 Words | 5 Pages
us is certainly acidic. Even though people often think the air around us is neutral, the atmosphere naturally contains acidic oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur that can harm our environment greatly. These oxides can be produced naturally and industrially. Sulfur dioxide is produced when organic matter decomposes and forms hydrogen sulphide which then oxidises to the oxide: 2H2S (g) + 3O2 (g) 2SO2 (g) + 2H2O. The natural sources of sulfur dioxide are in volcanic gases, bushfires, sulfur rich geothermal
• Synthesis Of Magnesium Oxide
915 Words | 4 Pages
form a shiny orange color to the dark gray color characteristic of copper(II) oxide. Therefore, the product of this reaction is copper(II) oxide. The reaction is a synthesis reaction because copper and oxygen combine to form one compound. In the second reaction, when the magnesium ribbon is heated, it undergoes the reaction, 2Mg(s) + O₂(g) → 2MgO(s). The magnesium reacted with oxygen in the air to form magnesium oxide when the magnesium ribbon was heated and it produced a white, matte, and crumbly
• Metallurgy: Oxygen and Ore
1632 Words | 7 Pages
which is suitable for reduction. Usually the sulphide ore is converted to oxide before reduction. Oxides are easier to reduce (for the reason see box). Thus isolation of metals from concentrated ore involves two major steps , they are: (a) conversion to oxide, and (b) reduction of the oxide to metal (a) Conversion to oxide (i) Calcination: Calcinaton involves heating when the volatile matter escapes leaving behind the metal oxide: Fe2O3.xH2O → Fe2O3 (s) + xH2O(g) ZnCO3 → ZnO(s)
• Investigating The Amount Of Calcium On The Calcium Oxide Through The Processes Of Vacuum Filtration And Acid Base Titration Essay
1119 Words | 5 Pages
amount of calcium in Kirkland Signature’s Calcium 600mg +D3 through the processes of vacuum filtration and acid-base titration. These two methods were effective in determining the amount of calcium in the calcium supplement with an error of +/- 0.05 g; the amount of calcium stated on the label was 600 mg. The reactions that occurred during the process of vacuum filtration were: CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2 (aq) +CO2 (g) + H2O(l) CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → CaCO3(s) +2NaCl(aq) The amounts of calcium calculated
• The Minerals and Chemicals within Glass
522 Words | 2 Pages
produce a product of 75% silica (SiO2) and 25% sodium oxide (Na2O). This mixture will melt and fuse at a much lower temperature of 800°C. Unfortunately, the glass produced with this composition is water-soluble which is also known as water glass. This is not suitable for glass bottle since it need to contain water so, to stabilise the glass, other chemical substance is mixed into the composition such as calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO). The chemical mixtures are obtained by the addition
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Helping Young Minds Grow
Young scholars consider the advantages of keeping a science journal. They plan their journals and identify the types of information they want to record. They write in their journals and post their entries online.
3 Views 0 Downloads
Classroom Considerations
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Play Live Radio
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Magnetic Fields Are A Big Predictor Of A Loggerhead Turtle's Genes
Loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings are packed into containers at the Gumbo Limbo Nature Center before being taken to a U.S. Coast Guard vessel for release in Boca Raton, Fla.
What makes a group of animals genetically similar to each other?
"A lot of different animals including sea turtles detect Earth's magnetic field and then derive navigational information from it and use it to find their way across or throughout long-distance migrations," Brothers says.
The turtles "are able to derive positional information or know something about where they are in the world based on the local magnetic field that they sense," Brothers says. They're using it to find their way home.
That's probably why Brothers' research found that turtle populations are most likely to be genetically similar when they come from beaches with magnetic similarities.
"It's through these navigational errors that we might see a population structure where, regardless of geographic distance or environmental similarities between the two nesting beaches," he says. "The difference in the Earth's magnetic field is a really strong predictor of how genetically similar or different the two nesting populations are."
"It's good to know why animals are going to certain places, especially to reproduce," Brothers says. The findings have some implications for conservation efforts — it could be bad for the animals if the magnetic field of a turtle nesting area is disrupted or changed.
"And that can be anything from large hotels or sea walls that have rebar and metal in them that can disrupt magnetic fields," Brothers adds.
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Adapting and evolving in challenging times
Innovation takes many forms, and some often mistake it by purely technological advances. However, changing your habits to adapt to new realities is a form of personal innovation that is just as transformative as the next big tech.
City of Kamloops Councillor Arjun Singh sits down with John Zubak, in a candid conversation about new personal and professional skills in demand for a post-COVID reality and the ability to embrace change and have a positive outlook, making it work for you.
On the business side, John and Arjun discuss how accepting change and transforming behaviors can apply for companies. How can colored duct tape foster new customer habits? And how simple yet ingenious solutions can boost a corporate profile? Watch the video for the answers (and some cooking tips!).
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| 0.742268 |
Artificial Intelligence | News | Insights | AiThority
Firetinas: The AI Weapon Against Corona Virus in China
High body temperature is regarded as a significant early symptom of corona virus. Firetinas is the first Artificial intelligent system developed by scientists from Cambridge University and Manchester University to inspect multiple high body temperature individuals. Firetinas incorporating advanced mask-face recognition algorithm and infrared body temperature measurement, is now widely used in Chinese hospitals and schools. As corona virus is highly contaminable and there is still no effective treatment so far, distinguishing early stage high body temperature individuals has been proved to be a crucial way to stop massive transmission not only in China, but also worldwide.
Recommended AI News: Greenhouse Enters 2020 With Record Growth And Announces Expanded Focus On Helping Companies “Hire For What’s NEXT™”
Firetinas is a high performance Integrated circuit equipped with NPU calculating 3 trillion times per second tracking up to 100 people in 1000 square feet area. Firetinas integrates face recognition algorithm to eliminate the influence caused by hot spot such as cigarette and can provide a more efficient human face temperature measurement. Furthermore, Firetinas develops algorithm to optimize face recognition for masks at 99% accuracy, which means people without masks can be alerted especially in the area badly affected by the outbreak. Firetinas also invents the first dual black body dynamic calibration algorithm to achieve 0.1 degrees Celsius precision in indoor environments.
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Recommended AI News: Viomi Announces Investment Plan for Comprehensive IoT Technology Park
Firetinas works in an all-in-one system integrating camera, temperature sensor, micro computer, neural network system and two black bodies and is easy to setup and operate. It inspects body temperature of up to 100 individuals in 0.05 seconds and upload the passengers’ face information and temperature information to the server which can make it easier to trace back the contact crowd and quarantine the suspected individuals as soon as possible.
Recommended AI News: Market Review: Spotify’s 1st Anniversary In India And Streaming Trends
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The Science behind the Idea of an Alien Visitation
UFO skyBy Robert Harrand
Every year, thousands of people worldwide report seeing UFOs, but what is the scientific view of an alien visitation?
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Unlike belief in ghosts, psychic powers, or other paranormal activities, the notion of an alien craft visiting the Earth does not violate any physical laws. Some UFO sightings could be genuine alien visitors, and science has much to say on this subject.
The Problems behind Interstellar Travel
For an alien craft to visit the Earth, the first requirement is for an alien civilisation to exist somewhere in the universe. More specifically, a civilisation within a reasonable distance of the Earth.
Even at the fastest speed theoretically possible, the speed of light, it would take over 4 years to journey from the nearest star system to the Earth.
Perhaps aliens are willing to make a journey that takes hundreds or even thousands of years, in which case, many more star systems would be within range. Or perhaps, using laws of physics currently undiscovered to humanity, an alien craft could travel faster than light.
Assuming this possibility, the next question is why no trace of any alien radio signal has ever been detected. If life, and in turn intelligent life, is abundant throughout the universe, it would be expected for Earth’s radio telescopes to be hearing evidence of their existence. This is known as the Fermi Paradox.
No Signs of Alien Life
Explanations for a lack of signals include the idea that advanced civilisations use a form of communication that is currently undiscovered on Earth, that civilisations develop and destroy themselves in the blink of a cosmic eye, or that they’re simply not there in the first place.
The development of life may be incredibly rare, and the evolution of advanced life even rarer still.
UFO believers often quote the ‘Drake equation’ to support the idea of an abundance of alien life throughout the universe. This equation, devised by Dr. Frank Drake, gives an estimation of the number of advanced civilisations in the Milky Way Galaxy by using a number of parameters, all of which must be either estimated or guessed.
However, the result of this equation can be made large or small, based upon the optimism or pessimism of the person making the estimates.
Presuming that an advanced civilisation exists within transit distance of Earth, and that their radio signals have not yet been detected for some particular reason, the next question is motivation.
Why would such aliens make such an effort to travel to Earth, make the mistake of being spotted from the ground, and yet make no effort of establishing communication?
The explanation given by believers is that they have a motive for coming to Earth that is something other than formal contact.
The Rational Conclusion of UFO Claims
The sky is filled with human-built flying objects, including aircraft and satellites. These alone typically account for a large percentage of UFO sightings.
Unusual weather phenomena, lights on tall buildings, and tricks of the mind make up most, and possibly all, of the rest.
For there to be a remaining small fraction of sightings that are genuine alien craft, science clearly concludes that a large number of highly improbable events would have to out-weigh the possibility that the explicable sightings make up 100% of all UFO cases, rather than 99.999%.
For this reason, until extraordinary proof is obtained, alien craft in the skies above the Earth remain science fiction rather than science fact.
Robert Harrand
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Turn page Night
edvertisementideas > Xianxia: My Disciples are Insane! > Volume N/A - CH 350
Chapter 350: Mo Qingmeng’s Thoughts
The void in the valley exploded, and the spiritual energy was like the spiritual energy in a pressure cooker, directly boiling.
A huge bone claw condensed in the air, exuding an ice-cold aura.
Everyone looked at the spirit claw that seemed to have materialized, and they were all shocked.
This was the Netherworld elder’s ultimate move.
They only took a glance at it, and they felt their souls tremble.
No wonder they were able to dodge the pursuit of the two major factions a thousand years ago. This was because their strength was too strong!
If this attack landed on their bodies, there was absolutely no chance of survival.
This was not an exaggeration!
It was because the Netherworld elder was truly incomparably terrifying.
On one side was Ye Changge’s palm print, and on the other side was the Nether Spirit Claw.
Who would win and who would lose?!
Everyone felt extremely curious.
Even Mo Qingmeng became nervous.
Although Ye Changge could defeat Li Hongyun, he was facing the Netherworld elder this time, so she did not have any confidence in him.
Her hands were tightly clenched together, and fine beads of sweat were already seeping out from her palms.
Finally, the two attacks collided.
An explosion sounded.
Everyone was shocked to discover that the originally powerful Nether Spirit Claw was actually being defeated, smashed into pieces.
Until it finally disappeared.
Following that, the attack did not decrease in momentum. Before the Netherworld elder could react, he felt a pain in his chest.
He was directly sent flying by this force for a thousand meters.
Blood splattered in the air, and the earth trembled.
The elder had actually lost.
Everyone’s expressions showed intense shock.
Although they had this thought, they were all extremely shocked when they saw the scene with their own eyes.
This impact was like a hammer, striking heavily on their hearts.
Looking at that indifferent figure, they were all silent.
Who was the elder of the Netherworld!?
He was a super expert who faced the steel and hard forces head-on.
But now, he was defeated by a nobody.
And it was a crushing defeat.
The Netherworld elder could not take it. The spectators did not dare to believe it.
Their eyes were wide open, and they had not recovered from the shocked scene.
A moment later.
The Netherworld elder flew over.
His face was filled with disbelief, as if he had seen something terrifying.
This young man was actually so terrifying.
He had easily crushed him.
The huge psychological blow caused it to be in disbelief.
“Who… who exactly are you? How can you have such terrifying battle strength!?”
Just now, his Nether Spirit Claw was the strongest divine ability he had ever used.
Although his strength had not completely recovered, the attack just now already contained 80% of
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