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Coronal Holes
Coronal holes occur when the Sun’s magnetic field is open to interplanetary space. Conversely, in regions where the solar magnetic fields loop back to the Sun forming arches, X-ray and UV images show bright areas. The brightest points in the images are generally at the top of the magnetic loops or arches.
The regions of open magnetic field lines are also found to be regions where the corona has a lower density than where the magnetic field lines are closed. The open configuration of the magnetic field in coronal holes allows particles to escape, and it is found that these holes are sources of high speed solar wind streams. When the particles from these streams hit the Earth they may cause geomagnetic storms.
At times of high solar activity, geomagnetic storms are generally the result of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) intersecting the Earth’s orbit, but at times of low solar activity, coronal holes are the most common source of geomagnetic storms. Because coronal holes can last for several months, it is often possible to predict the occurrence of this type of geomagnetic disturbance, as the high speed stream sweeps past the Earth with each solar rotation (like a rotating garden sprinkler).
In general, geomagnetic storms originating from coronal holes have a gradual commencement (over hours) and are not as severe as storms caused by CMEs, which usually have a sudden onset.
In the satellite image below the bright regions indicate hotter areas of the solar corona, mainly above the sunspot regions. A large dark region extends from one pole right across the solar equator and well into the other hemisphere. It is from coronal holes like this one that SWS makes forecasts of disturbances to HF communications and other Earth and space-based technology
Although coronal holes are best observed in extreme ultraviolet or X-ray images, they can also be observed from the ground in the light of helium at a wavelength of 1083 nanometres.
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Scientists use bacteria as micro-3-D printers
wallpapers Nicaragua News 2020-11-05
Using the technique, the researchers have created finely tuned structures like this model of lung alveolae. Credit: Valeria Azovskaya
A team at Aalto University has used bacteria to produce intricately designed three-dimensional objects made of nanocellulose. With their technique, the researchers are able to guide the growth of bacterial colonies through the use of strongly water repellent—or superhydrophobic—surfaces. The objects show tremendous potential for medical use, including supporting tissue regeneration or as scaffolds to replace damaged organs. The results have been published in the journal ACS Nano.
Unlike fibrous objects made through current 3-D printing methods, the new technique allows fibers, with a diameter a thousand times thinner than a human hair, to be aligned in any orientation, even across layers, and various gradients of thickness and topography, opening up new possibilities for application in tissue regeneration. These kinds of physical characteristics are crucial for support materials in the growth and regeneration of certain types of tissues found in muscles as well as in the brain.
"It's like having billions of tiny 3-D printers that fit inside a bottle," explains Luiz Greca, a doctoral student at Aalto University. "We can think of the bacteria as natural microrobots that take the building blocks provided to them and, with the right input, create complex shapes and structures."
Once in a superhydrophobic mold with water and nutrients —sugar, proteins and air—the aerobic bacteria produce nanocellulose. The superhydrophobic surface essentially traps a thin layer of air, which invites the bacteria to create a fibrous biofilm replicating the surface and shape of the mold. With time, the biofilm grows thicker and the objects become stronger.
The nanocellulose fibres created by the bacteria are about a thousand times thinner than the width of a human hair. Credit: Luiz Greca
Using the technique, the team has created 3-D objects with pre-designed features, measuring from one-tenth the diameter of a single hair all the way up to 15-20 centimeters. The nano-sized fibers do not cause adverse reactions when placed in contact to human tissues. The method could also be used to grow realistic models of organs for training surgeons or improving the accuracy of in-vitro testing.
"It's really exciting to expand this area of biofabrication that takes advantage of strong cellulose nanofibres and the networks they form. We're exploring applications for age-related tissue degeneration, with this method being a step forward in this and other directions," says research group leader Professor Orlando Rojas. He adds that the strain of bacteria used by the team, Komagataeibacter medellinensis, was discovered in a local market in the city of Medellin, Colombia, by previous collaborators from Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.In both nature and engineering, superhydrophobic surfaces are designed to minimize the adhesion of dust particles as well as microorganisms. This work is expected to open new possibilities for using superhydrophobic surfaces to precisely produce naturally manufactured materials.
A superhydrophobic coating traps a layer of air between the mould and bacterial culture, guiding nanocellulose fibre growth. Credit: Luiz Greca
As the bacteria can be removed or left in the final material, the 3-D objects can also evolve as a living organism over time. The findings provide an important step towards harnessing full control over bacterially fabricated materials.
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Cryptocurrency Hacks Still Growing — What Does That Mean for the Industry?
Wang Wei
Though once synonymous with underground networks and black hat hackers, bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have gone mainstream over the past two years. In 2017, we saw the skyrocket of bitcoin to an all-time high of close to $20,000 followed by a significant decline the following year. But beyond the ups and downs in the market for the world's largest cryptocurrency is a much more sinister
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Publisher Theme
Art is not a luxury, but a necessity.
Browsing Category
The creativity of a child begins via the vision of making new things and solving problems. Everyday challenges faced by the children help to enhance their reasoning and comprehension. Therefore, with time, a child becomes more confident in his visions and opinions. Several ways help to develop…
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Apparel supply chains are directly linked to soil degradation and habitat loss.
Soil is our most fundamental and basic resource. It underpins food security and environmental quality, essential to all living beings. The importance of soil to human wellbeing is often not realized until the production of food drops or is jeopardized when the soil is severely eroded or degraded, to the level that it loses its inherent resilience. Soil and land degradation today adversely affect more than 3 billion people.
The fashion industry’s impact
The fashion industry causes soil degradation and habitat loss through its unsustainable practices. For example through monocrop farming where a single crop is grown year after year on the same land, such as for cotton cultivation. Or through monocultures where for example only one animal species is bred, such as wool production, which leads to deforestation, desertification and biodiversity loss.
What we need to do
A revolutionary systemic shift is needed, where the pressure on land is decreased. We need to turn linear approaches to production, design, use and disposal of materials into circular models and regenerative practices that restores nature.
Regenerative agricultural methods mean farming with the environment, not against it, by restoring and enhancing the entire ecosystem of the farm. A new textiles economy would apply these methods to the production of cotton and other renewable materials used in textiles production. Regenerative agriculture improves soil health, which, in turn, may increase crop yields as they get more resilient.
Textile utilization have to be optimized including a longer lifespan and increased usage through better design and more reuse options, as well as improved recycling when materials reach their end-of-life. A holistic circular approach to production and consumption would also mean more materials in the loop, decreasing the need for virgin resources.
Global commons
Cotton accounts for 2.4% of global cropland, but stands for 22.5% of the insecticide use.
The textile industry accounts for up to 10% of global carbon emissions.
35% of all microplastics in the ocean comes from the laundering of synthetic textiles.
Apparel production is the second-largest user of the world’s freshwater supply.
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When Krestomatio operator idea started, the first problem identified was the lack of knowledge of professors or teachers and even technical staff on how to install and manage virtual classroom platforms. The current market offers different options; however, many of them lack relevant learning activities or do not allowed to carry out all the different tasks according to the user’s needs.
Ideally, a teacher or academic institution should have access, in one single place, to all the essential tools to teach in a virtual classroom for an entire period of time (quarter, trimester, semester). However, most virtual platforms do not offer all the basic tools in one place. For example, a teacher uses web conferencing from one system or platform and then have to access another for an activity like a discussion, assignment or quiz (if available). He could use Zoom to teach and record his/her lessons. When his/her need to create an asynchronous activity, they must use another type of system or platform like Teams or Classroom. Yet, he/she could be still limited in terms of submitting evaluations.
For the reasons explained before, one of the main goals of the M4e Operator is to integrate different learning tools like quizzes, assignments, forums, external services such as Zoom and Teams, among others, within one eLearning platform. It means that from one single place, users will have access to all the necessary tools for a class, emulating a conventional classroom, without the need to install or manage three or four different virtual platforms. Basically, through the virtual operator, the customer can have all the essential tools of a virtual classroom. This simplifies the work of educational institutions and teachers, enabling the effective development of online classes, leaving time for professors to focus on teaching.
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display | more...
iatrogenic: generated or induced by the physician; pertaining to physical or mental aliments or disease due to the actions of the physician, as in iatrogenic disease, the result of exposure to pathogens, toxins or injurious treatment or procedures by the physician, or from alarming or traumatizing diagnosis.
Dictionary of Sexology Project: Main Index
Iatrogenic illnesses can be even more subtly psychological, as when a client becomes entirely dependent on a therapist for emotional support, or when an overly-directive hypnotist subtly encourages a client to confabulate memories of abuse, alien abduction, etc.
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Raspberry apple marble cake
Raspberry apple marble cake
The sweet berry filling of this cake is just the beginning of the many flavours youll get. Raspberry buttercream and a white chocolate marble cover the fresh cake inside.
The ingredient of Raspberry apple marble cake
1. 200g white chocolate, finely chopped
2. 200g butter, chopped
3. 125ml (1/2 cup) boiling water
4. 215g (1 cup) caster sugar
5. 150g (1 cup) self-raising flour
6. 75g (1/2 cup) plain flour
7. 45g (1/2 cup) desiccated coconut
8. 200g (1 cup) unsweetened pie fruit apple
9. 200g (3/4 cup) Greek yoghurt
10. 4 eggs
11. 125g punnet raspberries
12. 330g packet Queen Royal Icing
13. 80ml (1/3 cup) cold water
14. Assorted pink and purple food pastes, to dye
15. Pastel-coloured cachous, to decorate
16. Sugar crystals, to decorate
17. 350g butter, at room temperature
18. 300g (2 cups) icing sugar mixture
19. 115g (1/3 cup) raspberry jam
20. 200g white chocolate melts
21. Assorted pink and purple food pastes, to dye
The instruction how to make Raspberry apple marble cake
1. Preheat the oven to 170C/150C fan forced. Grease 2 deep 17.5cm (base measurement) round cake pans. Line the bases and sides with baking paper.
2. Place chocolate, butter and boiling water in a heatproof bowl. Microwave on High foru00a01-2 minutes or until melted and smooth. Combine sugar, flours and coconut in a large bowl. Make a well in the centre. Add chocolate mixture, apple, yoghurt and eggs. Use a balloon whisk to whisk until smooth. Divide evenly between the pans. Bake for 50-55 minutes or until golden and firm to theu00a0touch. Set aside in the pans on a wire racku00a0to cool completely.
3. For the buttercream, use electric beaters to beat the butter in a bowl until softened. Gradually add icing sugar, beating until pale and creamy. Beat in jam until just smooth (donu2019t overbeat, as icing may split).
4. To assemble, use a large serrated knife to cut the cakes in half horizontally. Place 1u00a0piece of cake on a serving plate or board. Spread over one-fifth of the buttercream. Scatter over one-third of the raspberries, pressing gently into the buttercream. Top with another piece ofu00a0cake, pressing gently but firmly to secure. Repeat layering with half of the remaining buttercream and the remaining cake and raspberries, finishing with a layer of cake, base side up. Spread a thin layer of buttercream over top and side of the assembled cake, allowing some cake to show through. Reserve remaining buttercream. Place the cake in fridge for 15u00a0minutes or until just firm. Spread the reserved buttercream over top and sideu00a0of the cake to cover. Place in fridge to chill.
5. Meanwhile, for the marble bark, line a baking tray with baking paper. Place the chocolate in au00a0heatproof bowl. Microwave on Medium until melted and smooth. Pour over the prepared tray and use a palette knife to spread slightly. Dip a skewer or toothpick into each food paste. Lightly swirl through chocolate tou00a0create a marbled effect. Leave to set. Break into pieces.
6. Use a balloon whisk to whisk the royal icing mixture and cold water in a bowl until thick, slightly airy and increased in volume (the icingu00a0shouldnu2019t be too runny). Dip a skewer oru00a0toothpick into the pink food pastes and lightly swirl through the icing to create au00a0marbled effect. Repeat with a clean skewer oru00a0toothpick and the purple food pastes (see opposite). Place the cake on a wire rack over au00a0baking tray. Carefully pour the icing over the cake to cover, allowing excess to run off. While runny, use a clean skewer to carefully drag theu00a0colours through the icing to create extra marbling. Set aside until set.
7. Transfer the cake to a serving plate or cake standu00a0Gently. press the marble bark into the top. Sprinkle with the cachous and sugar crystals.
Nutritions of Raspberry apple marble cake
calories: https://schema.org
calories: NutritionInformation
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November 28, 2021
Too many antibiotics in early childhood can impact brain development
NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ – The average child in the United States receives about three different antibiotic treatments before reaching their second birthday. Today, researchers at Rutgers University are finding that exposure to antibiotics early in life can actually interfere with brain development in areas responsible for both cognitive and emotional functioning.
On a more detailed level, this new research indicates that penicillin is able to modify both the body’s gut microbiome and elements of gene expression in key areas of the developing brain. The microbiome refers to the trillions of beneficial microorganisms and bacteria living in the human body. Gene expression, on the other hand, helps cells react and adapt to a changing environment.
The study authors believe their work argues for reducing the widespread use of antibiotics in order to avoid neurodevelopmental problems. Disturbingly, penicillin and other similar drugs such as ampicillin and amoxicillin are the most common antibiotics prescribed by doctors for young children.
“Our previous work has shown that exposure of young animals to antibiotics alters their metabolism and immunity. The third important development in early life concerns the brain. This study is preliminary but shows a correlation between microbiome modification and changes in the brain that should be explored further, ”said lead author Martin Blaser, director of the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine at Rutgers, in an academic statement. .
More evidence that the ‘gut-brain axis’ is the key to health
The researchers made these findings by comparing two groups of mice. The team exposed one group to low-dose penicillin while still in the womb, while the second group was not. Rodents given penicillin showed significant changes in their gut microbiota. In addition, these mice also exhibited altered gene expression in the frontal cortex and amygdala of their brains. These two areas are essential for the development of memory, as well as for fear and stress reactions.
The study’s authors say it’s becoming increasingly evident that what’s going on in our stomachs and intestinal tracts influence brain signaling; a connection that scientists call the “gut-brain axis”.
However, if something disrupts this pathway, it can lead to permanent structural and functional changes in the brain. Although unconfirmed, such disturbances can one day even lead to neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders years or decades later.
“Early childhood is a critical time for neurodevelopment,” adds Blaser. “Over the past few decades, there has been an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children, including autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities. While increased awareness and diagnosis are likely contributing factors, disruptions in brain gene expression early in development could also be responsible. “
In the future, more research is needed to conclusively determine whether antibiotics indeed directly alter brain development, as well as whether molecules from the microbiome traveling to the brain end up disrupting gene activity and causing disease. cognitive problems.
The study appears in the journal iScience.
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A novel approach to propagation pattern analysis in intracardiac atrial fibrillation signals
Ulrike Richter, Luca Faes, Alessandro Cristoforetti, Michela Masè, Flavia Ravelli, Martin Stridh, Leif Sörnmo
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
34 Citations (SciVal)
The purpose of this study is to investigate propagation patterns in intracardiac signals recorded during atrial fibrillation (AF) using an approach based on partial directed coherence (PDC), which evaluates directional coupling between multiple signals in the frequency domain. The PDC is evaluated at the dominant frequency of AF signals and tested for significance using a surrogate data procedure specifically designed to assess causality. For significantly coupled sites, the approach allows also to estimate the delay in propagation. The methods potential is illustrated with two simulation scenarios based on a detailed ionic model of the human atrial myocyte as well as with real data recordings, selected to present typical propagation mechanisms and recording situations in atrial tachyarrhythmias. In both simulation scenarios the significant PDCs correctly reflect the direction of coupling and thus the propagation between all recording sites. In the real data recordings, clear propagation patterns are identified which agree with previous clinical observations. Thus, the results illustrate the ability of the novel approach to identify propagation patterns from intracardiac signals during AF, which can provide important information about the underlying AF mechanisms, potentially improving the planning and outcome of arrhythmia ablation.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)310-323
JournalAnnals of Biomedical Engineering
Publication statusPublished - 2011
Subject classification (UKÄ)
• Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Dive into the research topics of 'A novel approach to propagation pattern analysis in intracardiac atrial fibrillation signals'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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New answers tagged
You want to get the "percentage change" element from a website using IMPORTXML. You are using XPath of //span[@dir='ltr'] but getting a number of values, including the individual element required. When extracting the XPath, you need to drill down further into the HTML to identify the specific line for the element that you require. Use the "...
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Total Number of words made out of Bagwig = 16
Bagwig is an acceptable word in Scrabble with 13 points. Bagwig is an accepted word in Word with Friends having 16 points. Bagwig is a 6 letter medium Word starting with B and ending with G. Below are Total 16 words made out of this word.
4 letter Words made out of bagwig
1). giga
3 letter Words made out of bagwig
1). wig 2). wag 3). gig 4). gib 5). gag 6). gab 7). big 8). bag
2 letter Words made out of bagwig
1). bi 2). ba 3). aw 4). ai 5). ag 6). ab
Bagwig Meaning :- A wig- in use in the 18th century- with the hair at the back of the head in a bag.
Find Words which
Also see:-
1. Words that start with Bagwig
2. Vowel only words
3. consonant only words
4. 7 Letter words
5. Words with J
6. Words with Z
7. Words with X
8. Words with Q
9. Words that start with Q
10. Words that start with Z
11. Words that start with F
12. Words that start with X
Word Finder Tools
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2. Words with friends finder
3. Anagram Finder
4. Crossword Solver
Words made from adding one letter at the End of bagwig
Note There are 2 vowel letters and 4 consonant letters in the word bagwig. B is 2nd, A is 1st, G is 7th, W is 23rd, I is 9th, Letter of Alphabet series.
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Problems of the area of an annulus
Number of problems found: 20
• The collar
The collar on the dress has the shape of an annulus 6 cm wide. The circumference of the inner circle is 31.4 cm. How much cm2 of fabric is needed to make one collar?
• Round skirt
The cut on the round skirt has the shape of an annulus. Determine how much m² of fabric will be consumed on an 80 cm long skirt. The circumference of the waist is a circle with a smaller radius and is 69 cm.
• The hollow cylinder
The hollow cylinder has a height of 70 cm, an outer diameter of 180 cm, and an inner diameter of 120 cm. What is the surface of the body, including the area inside the cavity?
• Annulus from triangle
• Round flowerbed
• Annular area
• Mice
Mice consumed a circular hole in a slice of cheese. The cheese has the shape of a circular cut with a radius of 20 cm and an angle of 90 degrees. What percentage of the cheese ate mice if they made 20 holes with a diameter of 2 cm?
• Concentric circles
There is given a Circle K with a radius r = 8 cm. How large must a radius have a smaller concentric circle that divides the circle K into two parts with the same area?
• Masquerade ball
• Around
Around the circular flowerbed with a radius of 2 m is a sidewalk 80 cm wide. How many square meters does the sidewalk have?
• The coil
How many ropes (the diameter 8 mm) fit on the coil (threads are wrapped close together) The coil has dimension: the inner diameter 400mm, the outside diameter 800mm and the length of the coil is 470mm
• Two annuluses
The area of the annular circle formed by two circles with a common center is 100 cm2. The radius of the outer circle is equal to twice the radius of the inner circle. Determine the outside circle radius in centimeters.
• Pipe cross section
• Annulus
• Circular ring
• Annulus
Calculate the area of two circles annulus k1 (S, 3 cm) and k2 (S, 5 cm).
• Sidewalk
The city park is a circular bed of flowers with a diameter of 8 meters. Around it, the whole length is 1-meter wide sidewalk. What is the sidewalk area?
• Annulus
Two concentric circles form an annulus of width 10 cm. The radius of the smaller circle is 20 cm. Calculate the content area of the annulus.
• Circular lawn
• Circular flowerbed
Circular flowerbed with diameter 8 m we split by concentric circle to circle and annulus with the same area. Find the radius of the circle.
Annulus Problems. Area - math problems.
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These Are Some Healthy Lifestyles to Maintain Stomach Health
Do you know how important the function of the stomach is in the body? This organ is in charge of storing food, then breaking down, processing, processing, to push and pass food to the intestines. So, can you imagine what will happen if your stomach health is disturbed? Of course, various complaints will appear in the digestive system. How to keep the stomach always in a healthy and prime condition, then you must always take care of it. So, what kind of a healthy lifestyle to maintain a healthy stomach? Furthermore, is it true that certain supplements can improve stomach health? To find out more about this, you can visit the gazette website right away.
How to maintain gastric health is not difficult, but it takes intention, discipline, and determination to implement a healthy lifestyle. Well, here are some healthy lifestyles that need to be adopted to maintain stomach health:
Enough Body Fluids
Meeting the body’s fluid needs is one of the simplest ways to maintain a healthy stomach. According to the National Health Service (NHS), consumption of water can encourage the passage of waste through the digestive system and help soften stools.
Eat On Time
Eat on time so that the stomach is always healthy. Eating on an irregular schedule can increase gastric acid reflux, to trigger ulcer symptoms in sufferers. Therefore, consume healthy foods and snacks regularly. Then, try to sit down while eating, and eat at the same time every day.
Don’t Forget Sports
Exercise can not only strengthen the bones and muscles of the body. Regular physical activity can also keep food moving through the digestive system, preventing constipation and other digestive problems. In addition, exercise can also maintain an ideal body weight which is good for the digestive system.
Avoid Intake of Alcohol and Cigarettes
Avoid the habit of consuming alcohol and smoking. The reason is, these two habits can interfere with the function of the stomach and the digestive system as a whole. Not only that, but these two habits can also trigger more serious health problems, such as stomach cancer.
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Assault Rifle Pros And Cons
1763 Words8 Pages
The term “assault rifle” was believed to be coined by the one and only notorious Adolf Hitler. Towards the end of World War II, he is believed to have invented the name based on the German word Sturmgewehr, which means “storm” or “assault.” Before machine guns were invented, soldiers stood in rows and shot at their enemy in synchronized rows. This method of fighting was deemed ineffective because of their range, speed, and accuracy. Because of this, inventors started to create different versions of these weapons, making alterations to the gun’s ammunition supply, loading style, and bullet type. It is from these weapons that today’s semi-automatic rifle was born (Williams). These guns have been the topic of controversy for many years because…show more content…
The amendment is referencing the freedom of people to form military groups and own guns, not just everyday men. The Second Amendment states: “A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” During this time period (around 1776), militias (meaning people who formed groups to protect themselves and their homes) were used because of the country’s lack of an organized military (“The Second Amendment”). In today’s society, America has several branches of defense, including the Army, Air Force, Navy, the police, and more. There is simply no reason for civilians to form militias when they have so many organizations to defend them. As previously stated, this amendment refers to the right of the people to form groups and have guns in order for a democracy to truly work. Another conflict with citing the Second Amendment as a piece of anti-gun control evidence is the lack of historical context when applying it to today’s gun controversy. The Second Amendment was passed on September 25th, 1789, and was ratified on December 15th, 1791 (Lund and Winkler). At the beginning of the 18th century, the flintlock was the predominant gun machinery (Battista). This blueprint was a smooth, long design for a gun (“Early Firearms History”). Reloading flintlocks was a long and cumbersome process, and they only shot one bullet at a time (Supica). On the contrary, the first semi-automatic rifle appeared in 1885. Likewise, in 1892, the semi-automatic pistol was introduced, and in 1902, the semi-automatic shotgun was first put to use in the public (“Semi-automatic Firearms”). If this amendment was ratified in 1791 and never modified, and semi-automatic guns made their debut in 1892, how could this Amendment be talking about the freedom to own
Open Document
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Population Growth in Yeasts
This lesson is the second of two that explore cellular respiration and population growth in yeasts. In the first lesson, students set up a simple way to indirectly observe and quantify the amount of respiration occurring in yeast-molasses cultures. Based on questions that arose during the first lesson and its associated activity, students in this lesson work in small groups to design experiments that determine how environmental factors affect yeast population growth.
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Solutions in the Laboratory
As a Laboratory Technician at SimuLab Laboratories Pty. Ltd. you must be able to prepare, standardise and use solutions and be confident in the use of calculations involved in the preparation of solutions. All operations must comply with relevant standards, appropriate procedures and/or enterprise requirements.
There are four tasks you are required to undertake in this section.
1. Prepare solutions
2. Standardise and use volumetric solutions
3. Calculate and record data
4. Monitor the quality of laboratory solutions.
Complete each task in order, following the steps and instructions.
To continue, click on this link:
Task 1. Prepare solutions
Where am I?
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Understanding the Different Types of Letter of Credits
September 6, 2019
When preparing for a trade deal with a foreign partner, many people seek to acquire a letter of credit. This letter of guarantee is issued by a financial institution on behalf of the buyer. It may be sent to the vendor’s own financial institution or to the seller themselves. It ensures the seller is paid for their goods, as long as they are able to meet certain requirements outlined by the letter. There are four types of letters of credit, each of which is appropriate in its own situation. While they may seem difficult to understand at first, they can all be easily mastered with a little bit of help. Allow us to be that help.
Confirmed Letter of Credit
Understanding the Commercial Letter of Credit
Many people who consider pursuing a letter of credit often abandon the idea when they come across the term “commercial letter of credit”. Being unfamiliar with this phrase, they tend to be intimidated and believe the entire concept of a letter of credit to be too complex to be worth pursuing. In reality, the commercial letter of credit is exactly the same as the traditional letter of credit. It is just another name for the letter of credit discussed above and should not inspire any fear or confusion in potential foreign buyers.
Understanding the Confirmed Letter of Credit
If a vendor is issued a letter of credit from a foreign bank or other financial institution which they are not well-known with, they may understandably be skeptical of the issuer’s ability to honor its contents. In such a situation, the seller may ask for the letter of credit to also be signed by a financial institution they are more trusting of. When this happens, the letter of credit can be classified as “confirmed”, as is the issuer’s ability to pay for the goods in question.
Understanding the Irrevocable Letter of Credit
For a while, there was some talk of “revocable letters of credit”. In theory, a revocable letter of credit would allow the buyer or the buyer’s financial institution to change the terms of the deal without notifying the seller. This, of course, is entirely unfair to the seller and would make many foreign sellers reluctant to accept any letter of credit. Thankfully, the revocable letter of credit no longer exists. All letters of credit now are considered irrevocable and require authentication before they can be altered or canceled.
Credit for Company
Understanding the Revolving Letter of Credit
Once a letter of credit has been used between two parties effectively, they may agree to work from a revolving letter of credit going forward. A revolving letter of credit can be used for multiple transactions, eliminating the need to draw up a new one each time a purchase has been made. The typical revolving letter of credit has an expiration date of some kind, but the exact date will vary from letter to letter. In most cases, a revolving letter of credit can be relied upon for up to one year.
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Rules | GM Screen
<- Return to All Rules (Group by Source)
All Rules in Environment
+ An entry marked with this has additional sections within it.
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 424
Getting Lost
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 424
TerrainSurvival DC
Desert or plains14
Moor or hill10
Open sea18
Urban, ruins, or dungeon8
SituationCheck Modifier
Proper navigational tools (map, sextant)+4
Poor visibility-4
Forest Terrain
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 425
Forest terrain can be divided into three categories: sparse, medium, and dense. An immense forest could have all three categories within its borders, with more sparse terrain at the outer edge of the forest and dense forest at its heart. The table below describes in general terms how likely it is that a given square has a terrain element in it.
Category of Forest
Typical trees50%70%80%
Massive trees10%20%
Light undergrowth50%70%50%
Heavy undergrowth20%50%
Trees: The most important terrain element in a forest is the trees, obviously. A creature standing in the same square as a tree gains partial cover, which grants a +2 bonus to Armor Class and a +1 bonus on Reflex saves. The presence of a tree doesn’t otherwise affect a creature’s fighting space, because it’s assumed that the creature is using the tree to its advantage when it can. The trunk of a typical tree has AC 4, hardness 5, and 150 hp. A DC 15 Climb check is sufficient to climb a tree. Medium and dense forests have massive trees as well. These trees take up an entire square and provide cover to anyone behind them. They have AC 3, hardness 5, and 600 hp. Like their smaller counterparts, it takes a DC 15 Climb check to climb them.
Forest Canopy: It’s common for elves and other forest dwellers to live on raised platforms far above the surface floor. These wooden platforms often have rope bridges between them. To get to the treehouses, characters ascend the trees’ branches (Climb DC 15), use rope ladders (Climb DC 0), or take pulley elevators (which can be made to rise a number of feet equal to a Strength check, made each round as a full-round action). Creatures on platforms or branches in a forest canopy are considered to have cover when fighting creatures on the ground, and in medium or dense forests they have concealment as well.
Other Forest Terrain Elements: Fallen logs generally stand about 3 feet high and provide cover just as low walls do. They cost 5 feet of movement to cross. Forest streams average 5 to 10 feet wide and no more than 5 feet deep. Pathways wind through most forests, allowing normal movement and providing neither cover nor concealment. These paths are less common in dense forests, but even unexplored forests have occasional game trails.
Marsh Terrain
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 427
Marsh Category
Shallow bog20%40%
Deep bog5%20%
Light undergrowth30%20%
Heavy undergrowth10%20%
Deep bog squares are usually clustered together and surrounded by an irregular ring of shallow bog squares. Both shallow and deep bogs increase the DC of Stealth checks by 2.
Quicksand: Patches of quicksand present a deceptively solid appearance (appearing as undergrowth or open land) that might trap careless characters. A character approaching a patch of quicksand at a normal pace is entitled to a DC 15 Survival check to spot the danger before stepping in, but charging or running characters don’t have a chance to detect a hidden patch before blundering into it. A typical patch of quicksand is 20 feet in diameter; the momentum of a charging or running character carries him 1d2 × 5 feet into the quicksand.
Stealth and Detection in a Marsh: In a marsh, the maximum distance at which a Perception check for detecting the nearby presence of others can succeed is 6d6 × 10 feet. In a swamp, this distance is 2d8 × 10 feet. Undergrowth and deep bogs provide plentiful concealment, so it’s easy to use Stealth in a marsh.
Hills Terrain
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 427
A hill can exist in most other types of terrain, but hills can also dominate the landscape. Hills terrain is divided into two categories: gentle hills and rugged hills. Hills terrain often serves as a transition zone between rugged terrain such as mountains and flat terrain such as plains.
Hills Category
Gentle HillsRugged Hills
Gradual slope75%40%
Steep slope20%50%
Light undergrowth15%15%
Gradual Slope: This incline isn’t steep enough to affect movement, but characters gain a +1 bonus on melee attacks against foes downhill from them.
Steep Slope: Characters moving uphill (to an adjacent square of higher elevation) must spend 2 squares of movement to enter each square of steep slope. Characters running or charging downhill (moving to an adjacent square of lower elevation) must succeed on a DC 10 Acrobatics check upon entering the first steep slope square. Mounted characters make a DC 10 Ride check instead. Characters who fail this check stumble and must end their movement 1d2 × 5 feet later. Characters who fail by 5 or more fall prone in the square where they end their movement. A steep slope increases the DC of Acrobatics checks by 2.
Cliff: A cliff typically requires a DC 15 Climb check to scale and is 1d4 × 10 feet tall, although the needs of your map might mandate a taller cliff. A cliff isn’t perfectly vertical, taking up 5-foot squares if it’s less than 30 feet tall and 10-foot squares if it’s 30 feet or taller.
Light Undergrowth: Sagebrush and other scrubby bushes grow on hills, although they rarely cover the landscape. Light undergrowth provides concealment and increases the DC of Acrobatics and Stealth checks by 2.
Other Hills Terrain Elements: Trees aren’t out of place in hills terrain, and valleys often have active streams (5 to 10 feet wide and no more than 5 feet deep) or dry streambeds (treat as a trench 5 to 10 feet across) in them. If you add a stream or streambed, remember that water always flows downhill.
Stealth and Detection in Hills: In gentle hills, the maximum distance at which a Perception check for detecting the nearby presence of others can succeed is 2d10 × 10 feet. In rugged hills, this distance is 2d6 × 10 feet. Hiding in hills terrain can be difficult if there isn’t undergrowth around. A hilltop or ridge provides enough cover to hide from anyone below the hilltop or ridge.
Mountain Terrain
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 428
Mountain Category
Alpine MeadowRuggedForbidding
Gradual slope50%25%15%
Steep slope40%55%55%
Light undergrowth20%10%
Dense Rubble20%30%
Gradual and Steep Slopes: These function as described in Hills Terrain.
Light Undergrowth: This functions as described in Forest Terrain.
Scree: A field of shifting gravel, scree doesn’t affect speed, but it can be treacherous on a slope. The DC of Acrobatics checks increases by 2 if there’s scree on a gradual slope and by 5 if there’s scree on a steep slope. The DC of Stealth checks increases by 2 if the scree is on a slope of any kind.
Dense Rubble: The ground is covered with rocks of all sizes. It costs 2 squares of movement to enter a square with dense rubble. The DC of Acrobatics checks on dense rubble increases by 5, and the DC of Stealth checks increases by 2.
Cave Entrance: Found in cliff and steep slope squares and next to rock walls, cave entrances are typically between 5 and 20 feet wide and 5 feet deep. A cave could be anything from a simple chamber to the entrance to an elaborate dungeon. Caves used as monster lairs typically have 1d3 rooms that are 1d4 × 10 feet across.
Other Mountain Terrain Features: Most alpine meadows begin above the treeline, so trees and other forest elements are rare in the mountains. Mountain terrain can include active streams (5 to 10 feet wide and no more than 5 feet deep) and dry streambeds (treat as a trench 5 to 10 feet across). Particularly high-altitude areas tend to be colder than the lowland areas that surround them, so they might be covered in ice sheets (described in Desert Terrain).
It’s easier to hear faraway sounds in the mountains. The DC of Perception checks that rely on sound increase by 1 per 20 feet between listener and source, not per 10 feet.
Desert Terrain
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 430
Desert Category
Light undergrowth15%5%5%
Ice sheets25%
Light rubble5%30%10%
Dense rubble30%5%
Sand dunes50%
Plains Terrain
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 431
Plains come in three categories: farms, grasslands, and battlefields. Farms are common in settled areas, while grasslands represent untamed plains. The battlefields where large armies clash are temporary places, usually reclaimed by natural vegetation or the farmer’s plow. Battlefields represent a third terrain category because adventurers tend to spend a lot of time there, not because they’re particularly prevalent.
The table below shows the proportions of terrain elements in the different categories of plains. On a farm, light undergrowth represents most mature grain crops, so farms growing vegetable crops will have less light undergrowth, as will all farms during the time between harvest and a few months after planting.
The terrain elements in the table below are mutually exclusive.
Plains Category
Light undergrowth40%20%10%
Heavy undergrowth10%
Light rubble10%
Undergrowth: Whether they’re crops or natural vegetation, the tall grasses of the plains function like light undergrowth in a forest. Particularly thick bushes form patches of heavy undergrowth that dot the landscape in grasslands.
Light Rubble: On the battlefield, light rubble usually represents something that was destroyed: the ruins of a building or the scattered remnants of a stone wall, for example. It functions as described in the Desert Terrain section.
Trench: Often dug before a battle to protect soldiers, a trench functions as a low wall, except that it provides no cover against adjacent foes. It costs 2 squares of movement to leave a trench, but it costs nothing extra to enter one. Creatures outside a trench who make a melee attack against a creature inside the trench gain a +1 bonus on melee attacks because they have higher ground. In farm terrain, trenches are generally irrigation ditches.
Berm: A common defensive structure, a berm is a low, earthen wall that slows movement and provides a measure of cover. Put a berm on the map by drawing two adjacent rows of steep slope (described in Hills Terrain), with the edges of the berm on the downhill side. Thus, a character crossing a 2-square berm will travel uphill for 1 square, then downhill for 1 square. Two square berms provide cover as low walls for anyone standing behind them. Larger berms provide the low wall benefit for anyone standing 1 square downhill from the top of the berm.
Fences: Wooden fences are generally used to contain livestock or impede oncoming soldiers. It costs an extra square of movement to cross a wooden fence. A stone fence provides a measure of cover as well, functioning as low walls. Mounted characters can cross a fence without slowing their movement if they succeed on a DC 15 Ride check. If the check fails, the steed crosses the fence, but the rider falls out of the saddle.
Other Plains Terrain Features: Occasional trees dot the landscape in many plains, although on battlefields they’re often felled to provide raw material for siege engines (described in Urban Features). Hedgerows (described in Marsh Terrain) are found in plains as well. Streams, generally 5 to 20 feet wide and 5 to 10 feet deep, are commonplace.
Aquatic Terrain
Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. 432
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Python for AI Summer Camp
Friday, July 26, 2019 at 9:00am to 3:30pm
Carothers Library, 147
In the Python for AI camp, students will learn basic programming concepts in artificial intelligence like solving a maze, searching for objects and sorting them.
AI Lab, Libraries
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What is COSMIC-2?
To make accurate weather forecasts, meteorologists need a continuous source of data about our atmosphere. The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) is made up of six remote-sensing smallsats that form a network.
Building upon the success of the COSMIC-1 program, the COSMIC-2 smallsats are constantly orbiting Earth, collecting atmospheric data used for weather forecasting, space weather monitoring, and climate research.
NOAA is partnering with the U.S. Air Force (USAF), U.S. Space Force (USSF), Taiwan’s National Space Organization (NSPO), and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) on this environmental satellite program.
How does COSMIC-2 work?
This constellation of COSMIC satellites circles the equator at approximately 17,000 miles per hour and uses a technique called radio occultation to collect information on our planet’s atmosphere.
Here’s how it works:
Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites constantly send signals down to receivers on Earth, but those signals get distorted along the way because the density of Earth’s atmosphere changes with height. COSMIC-2 satellites can detect and measure any small bends in those signals just before they are cut off by Earth’s horizon. The measurements made during the three-minute period before the radio signal is cut off are known as radio occultation, and these data are what gives scientists near real-time information about the Earth’s atmosphere including conditions such as: temperature, pressure, density and water vapor.
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PBY Catalina
The Consolidated PBY Catalina is a flying boat and amphibious aircraft that was produced in the 1930s and 1940s. In Canadian service it was known as the Canso. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations. The last military PBYs served until the 1980s. As of 2021, 86 years after its first flight, the aircraft continues to fly as a waterbomber (or airtanker) in aerial firefighting operations in some parts of the world.
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According to the psychologist Daniel Goleman there are five components of emotional intelligence:
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-regulation
3. Motivation
4. Empathy
5. Social skills
Emotional intelligence is often seen as the new hot topic in areas of leadership, negotiations and communication in general. It is even being claimed that one’s EQ can often be more of an influence than IQ in terms of how successful someone is in their life and their career. Yet its actual application to the training environment hasn’t been discussed in great depth. Here is a brief synopsis of each of the components and some examples of how it might be applied to the training environment in the VET sector.
1. Self-Awareness
Self-awareness is essentially the degree to which we are consciously aware of the feelings, beliefs and attitudes that we might have. Whether this is sadness, joy, excitement, or any other emotion that we might experience, the more we are aware of our emotions the more we are able to regulate them and see past them when interacting with people. True self-awareness involves identifying your emotions in the moment and understanding the effect those emotions are having on the people around you. In that regard, self-awareness is a precursor to demonstrating true empathy for learners and those that you might be training. The more a trainer is aware of how they are ‘showing up’ as a trainer, the more there is the possibility to enhance their performance.
During a training session or facilitating a workshop, silently labelling your own negative emotions as they come up can give you some space to recenter yourself. If you’re aware of your emotions, it becomes easier to understand how you might appear to your audience and adjust your communication style accordingly.
2. Self-Regulation
As a trainer developing ‘Self Awareness’ is the first step, but once we have done this we then need to develop the skills to self-regulate so that that we can adjust our behaviour where required. Certainly in a workshop or training session there can be times of great joy, fun and excitement and also on the flip side, frustrating moments for trainers as well. A trainer’s ability to self-regulate their emotions when things come up is critically important. This means consciously controlling your emotions, resisting emotionally driven impulses and reactions, and frequently redirecting your attention to focus on how to achieve the learning goals of the session. Resisting the urge to get upset when a learner is late, or they are being disruptive or creating a less than favourable learning environment. One simple tip to develop your ability to Self-Regulate is to stay curious and ask yourself questions that lead to non-judgemental responses.
• “What could be causing this person to behave like this?”
• “Did I miss interpret something, if so, what might it have been?”
• “What further support can I provide to this person?”
3. Internal Motivation
Internal motivation relates to how driven is the trainer or facilitator to make a difference in the lives of others and has a clear ‘reason for being there’ type presence in the training room.
Although delivering training is often aimed at achieving learning outcomes, becoming a more effective trainer or facilitator begins with internal motivation and the ability to regulate it. When a trainer is first starting out they need to be able to keep themselves motivated regardless of the ups and downs and difficulties that arise when running sessions. Difficult learner cohorts, technical issues or difficulties with the learning materials can all test the internal motivation of a trainer. This is the same for even the experienced trainer as they are faced with repetitive tasks that may challenge their internal motivation levels and may cause burn out.
What’s the solution? Well internally motivated trainers tend to view failures or difficulties in a training session as learning opportunities and make an effort to build upon what they learnt in each experience. They are also tapped into a larger vision for their training and have a strong purpose tied around what they deliver in a learning environment to their audiences.
4. Empathy
Empathy is one of the cornerstones of EQ. It refers to the ability to understand another person’s perspective and emotions and respond in a way that demonstrates that understanding. This demonstration of understanding is the basis of effective communication and the foundation for trust, connection, and likeability with learners. All great trainers are able to effectively demonstrate and show empathy towards a learner regardless of where they are on on the learning journey.
If a trainer can accurately affirm the learner’s reality and support them on the journey then the more willing a learner will be to continue on the journey. In a training room showing empathy can be demonstrated by using phrases like-
• “It seems like you have had a long way to travel to get here.” (Showing empathy if someone was late or worked hard to get to the location)
• “It looks like this topic will be especially helpful when you do xyz” (Affirming where and how something could be applied back in the workplace)
• “It sounds like you are going through a lot at the moment.” (Might be used if a student is struggling to keep up due to personal issues at home)
When you pair empathy with self-awareness and self-regulation, you have the ingredients for conducting trust based influence as a trainer and that leads to lasting success in the learning environment.
5. Social Skills
The ability to interact and communicate with students relies heavily on the other elements in this list. To communicate adeptly in learning situations, you need to understand learner’s emotions and points of view and use that information to monitor your own emotions and behaviour. That said, social skills are also informed by culture and context—a broader awareness of how learners culture influences their perceptions and actions is also critically important. In a training session, effective social skills can help you establish rapport with learners, draw insights from your learning environment, ease tension, pick up on other nonverbal cues, and add humor. For developing social skills one of the best things you can do is model what others do successfully. This might mean noticing what others do well and then making an action plan. Things such as being deliberate about remembering people’s names, carefully choosing topics of conversation for between breaks, creating moments of memorable connection between the trainer and the audience and even more importantly facilitating moments of connection between the learners themselves will all heighten your social skills.
Emotional intelligence is a critical component of becoming a successful trainer over the long term and truly empowering an audience requires a commitment to long term mastery of each of the five components of Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, Motivation, Empathy and Social Skills.
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The Ancient World's 10 Most Awe-Inspiring Architectural Achievements
We tend to think of modern marvels like the Empire State Building or the Panama Canal when we think about architectural feats. All of these structures, however, are part of a lengthy history of architectural achievement that draws on principles learnt thousands of years ago. This is why many architects draw inspiration from historical structures.
Take a peek at these architectural marvels from back then and see what makes them so special.
The Red City of Petra
Petra, which had been lost to modern civilisation for hundreds of years, was rediscovered in the early 1800s by an adventurous European explorer. Built by the Nabateans, a technologically advanced civilisation that ruled over a broad swath of land stretching from Israel and Jordan to the Arabian Peninsula's northern reaches. Between 400 BC and AD106, when they were conquered by the Romans, Petra was their capital city.
The fact that each of the city's gigantic monuments was hewn directly from the surrounding cliffs is what makes it truly impressive. The buildings have red, white, pink, and grey rock veins running through them, and you can observe a combination of Nabatean and Greco-Roman architectural motifs on them, demonstrating the diaspora's influence.
Machu Picchu, Peru
Machu Picchu, located on the eastern slopes of the Andes, was built by the Incas in the fifteenth century and represents the pinnacle of Incan civilization and architectural skill. The site is 32,000 hectares in size and has major civil, agricultural, water management, and religious structures.
The city's architecture is purposefully meant to blend in with the surrounding natural scenery. There are well-defined zones for various functions within the city, suggesting a high level of centralised social, governmental, religious, and agricultural control. The high stone walls are made up of exactly cut stones that are so closely fitted that not a hair can be seen between them, and the high stone walls are made up of precisely cut stones that are so closely fitted that not a hair can be
The Great Pyramids of Giza
These three pyramids, maybe the most recognizable ancient architectural feat of all time, dominate the Giza plateau's landscape. The tombs were stolen in antiquity (after all, a pyramid is like having a giant, blinking billboard in the desert proclaiming "I'm full with riches.") and were built as the eternal burial places of three Egyptian pharaohs between 2649 and 2150 B.C. There are three chambers inside each tomb, one of which (the King's chamber) has air shafts with astrologically significant alignments.
The Great Pyramid, the tallest of the pyramids, stands over 145 meters tall. Its base is level to within an inch, yet it took over 20 years for teams of employees to cut, transport, and install the approximation.
Banaue Rice Terraces, Philippines
Many ancient wonders are incredible technical accomplishments designed to supply food or safety for humans, rather than enormous colossal constructions. These 2000-year-old rice terraces are positioned 1500 feet above sea level. The terraces, which cover 10,360 square kilometers and were created by hand with little machinery on the border of a mountain range, cover a total area of 10,360 square kilometers.
The terraces provided a large stretch of ground for food production, and the ancient people of the area devised a complicated irrigation system to keep the fields productive. Many of the rice fields are still in use by local people today.
Stonehenge, Avebury, Silbury Hill, and associated monuments, England
Stonehenge is unique in of itself: the megalithic stones were quarried hundreds of miles away in Wiltshire and Pembroke, transported to the site, aligned with numerous astronomical events, and built by a prehistoric civilization with limited tools. It is positively mind-boggling when coupled with other massive structures on the same area.
For example, it is currently impossible to explain why an ancient tribe would wish to build a 39.5-meter-high man-made hill at Silbury out of half a million tons of chalk. One thing is certain: the area's monumental design and interconnection of sites suggest the presence of a wealthy, or at least well-to-do, community.
There are thousands of outstanding historic sites around the world, and each one may teach us something about architecture's evolution, how humans interact with constructed and natural settings, and the function of architecture in meeting society's changing nature and requirements.
What historical sites have you seen? Which of these have had a significant impact on your work?
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Readers ask: Which Gas Readily Absorbs Infrared, Heat Engery?
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is also an important greenhouse gas. It has a long lifetime in Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide strongly absorbs energy with a wavelength of 15 μm (micrometers). This makes carbon dioxide a good absorber of wavelengths falling in the infrared radiation region of the spectrum.
What gas absorbs most heat?
What can absorb infrared radiation?
Glass, Plexiglas, wood, brick, stone, asphalt and paper all absorb IR radiation. While regular silver-backed mirrors reflect visible light waves, allowing you to see your reflection, they absorb infrared radiation. Gold, manganese and copper also absorb IR radiation well.
What absorbs most IR in the atmosphere?
GREENHOUSE EFFECT Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (such as water vapor and carbon dioxide) absorb most of the Earth’s emitted longwave infrared radiation, which heats the lower atmosphere.
You might be interested: Readers ask: What Does Infrared Camera Do?
Why do some gases absorb infrared radiation?
Certain gases in the atmosphere have the property of absorbing infrared radiation. The infrared radiation strikes a molecule such as carbon dioxide and causes the bonds to bend and vibrate – this is called the absorption of IR energy. The molecule gains kinetic energy by this absorption of IR radiation.
Which gas can absorb infrared radiation?
Molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) can absorb energy from infrared (IR) radiation. This animation shows a molecule of CO2 absorbing an incoming infrared photon (yellow arrows). The energy from the photon causes the CO2 molecule to vibrate.
What gases absorb heat?
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and certain other gases absorb IR radiation from the Earth’s surface and re-emit it in all directions. These gases act like the glass in a greenhouse to increase the temperature of the planet.
Does argon absorb infrared radiation?
The three major components of dry air, Nitrogen (N2.. 79%), Oxygen (O2.. 20%) and Argon (Ar.. 1%) do not absorb infrared radiation. However more complex molecules such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane do absorb infrared radiation and re-radiate it as heat.
Does ammonia absorb infrared radiation?
NH3 has a rich spectrum in the near infrared region, in the spectral range from 1450nm to 1560 nm. Recently, several works have been developed which use the absorption lines at 1532 nm and 1512 nm as the operating wavelength for NH3 sensing [16].
How do greenhouse gases absorb heat?
Explanation: A greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide or methane, allows visible light and shorter wave radiation to pass through it. Much the same way that the windows of a greenhouse trap the heat inside the house. So the greenhouse gases keep the Earth warm by preventing the heat from the ground from escaping.
You might be interested: Question: What Does A Infrared Flash Dryer Screen Printing Look Like?
Do greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation?
This includes the Earth. Some of the infrared radiation escapes into space, but some is stopped and absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In short, the absorption of infrared radiation by greenhouse gases contributes to an increase in temperature of the surface of the earth and the atmosphere.
What does carbon dioxide absorb the most heat energy?
Is ozone a greenhouse gas?
Ozone is technically a greenhouse gas, but ozone is helpful or harmful depending on where it is found in the earth’s atmosphere. The protective benefit of stratospheric ozone outweighs its contribution to the greenhouse effect and to global warming.
How does argon respond to infrared?
Although argon absorbs certain wavelengths of light, it is virtually transparent to infrared. Because infrared light passes through argon, any warm object surrounded by the gas cools by radiating heat into the surrounding space.
Which gases are greenhouse gases?
Overview of Greenhouse Gases
• Overview.
• Carbon Dioxide.
• Methane.
• Nitrous Oxide.
• Fluorinated Gases.
Does o3 absorb infrared radiation?
Atmospheric ozone has two effects on the temperature balance of the Earth. It absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, which heats the stratosphere. It also absorbs infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, effectively trapping heat in the troposphere.
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Who gets classified as being in the labor force?
Who gets classified as being in the labor force?
The labor force is the number of people who are employed plus the unemployed who are looking for work. 1 The labor pool does not include the jobless who aren’t looking for work. For example, stay-at-home moms, retirees, and students are not part of the labor force.
What defines the labor force?
The labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
What is a country’s labor force equal to?
The labor force is equal to the number of employed plus the number of unemployed.
What is the labor force quizlet?
Labor Force. the total number of workers, including both the employed and the unemployed.
What determines if a person is in the labor force quizlet?
Labor force is the number of people employed plus the number unemployed. A person is considered to be out of the labor force if he or she did not work in the past week and did not look for work in the past four weeks.
How is labor force calculated?
Defining the Labor Force
1. Unemployment is an important issue addressed in the study of macroeconomics.
2. The labor force is defined simply as the people who are willing and able to work.
3. Labor Force = Number of Employed + Number of Unemployed.
4. While studying employment, another important figure to determine is the labor force participation rate.
What is a good labor force participation rate?
around 63%
How do you calculate how many people are not in the labor force?
To determine the percentage out of the labor force: Step 1. Divide the number of people out the labor force (88.3 million) by the total adult (working-age) population (243.2 million). Step 2.
What is the size of the labor force?
The labor force is the actual number of people available for work and is the sum of the employed and the unemployed. The U.S. labor force reached a high of 164.6 million persons in February 2020, just at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
Who are not in the labor force?
Are homemakers considered unemployed?
Unemployed workers are those who are jobless, seeking a job, and ready to work if they find a job. Note that the labor force does not include the jobless who are not seeking work, such as full-time students, homemakers, and retirees. They are considered to be outside the labor force.
Is a housewife considered self employed?
Either “self-employed / homemaker” or “unemployed / homemaker” would do. Either of those should get the idea across that you do not work outside the home, and do not earn income for what you do…
What does a housewife do all day?
Is it OK to say housewife?
Most people, married or unmarried, find the term housewife perfectly acceptable. But it is sometimes perceived as insulting, perhaps because it implies a lowly status (“She’s just a housewife”) or because it defines an occupation in terms of a woman’s relation to a man. Homemaker is a fairly common substitute.
Is it bad that I wanna be a housewife?
The first part of your question says if “it is wrong for you to want to be a housewife” – No, not at all. It’s not wrong. Being a housewife doesn’t mean you don’t work. Work, work, work, work is all that a housewife has to do.
What is the best way to be a stay at home wife?
Can’t turn a hoe into a wife?
“You can’t turn a hoe into a housewife.” Everyone’s heard this phrase in their life, women who are comfortable in their sexuality more than anyone. It’s essentially saying someone who has a lot of sex or embraces her body is not “wife” material.
Who sings can’t make a wife out of a ho?
Is it OK to be a housewife without kids?
Yes, some women may look at a homemaker without kids and think, “Wow, she gets to do what she wants all day and doesn’t have to work her butt off”. Many people see homemakers as lazy women or gold diggers. And yes, there are some women out there who are like that.
What does a homemaker do all day?
A homemaker should daily: Read the Bible, even if it’s just one chapter and even if it’s to the kids (a busy mom with lots of little ones doesn’t always have time alone) Wash dishes. Wash, dry and put away laundry (1-5 loads a day depending on your families needs) Eat with her family.
What is difference between homemaker and housewife?
What can a homemaker do?
A homemaker typically handles laundry responsibilities as well as everyday household tasks, such as doing the dishes, tidying up the house and organizing family belongings. She also plans meals for her family, creates shopping lists, purchases groceries and prepares meals.
Is a homemaker an occupation?
Can a single person be a homemaker?
Can a single woman be a keeper of her home just like her married friends? Yes, in fact she can. There maybe that mom with kids that has to work as well, even if she might want to be home. They are all still homemakers.
What does a homemaker mean?
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Traveling In Major Cities And International Locations
Travelling is the act of moving from a fixed location to another. Travelling can either be one way, or multi-way, with or without baggage, and generally is one way, or round trip, within a fixed time period. The word ‘travelling’ was first used in 17 77 by Richard Francis Burton who used it in his book Travelling. Travelling is done through several modes such as air, sea, land, railway, boat and bicycle. Air travelling is generally by scheduled airline services whereas land transport is mostly on a one-way basis.
Traveling, for any defined distance, is a mode of travel that puts the traveler at ease and enables him to get his work done. Traveling enables a person to meet new people, to see new places, and to establish or expand his communication network. Travelling can also mean going for pleasure, business or for studying. Traveling is often a major part of our social life and helps us to meet new people, to establish communication networks and to enjoy the new place we are visiting. Thus, traveling makes our social life richer.
If one travels from one place to another, he calls it a journey. Journey can also be made to mean crossing one point and proceeding to another. Thus, a journey is a process of traveling from one place to another over a specific distance in time. Road, rail and airways are the common modes of traveling in most parts of the world.
Short Distance – A short distance is a defined distance that is traveled within a day to two weeks. Commonly, short distance means a two days travel from one place to another. So, if the journey is made by car, then the two words traveling together ‘car’ and’short distance’ are used. Similarly, if by train, then ‘train’ and’short distance’ are used.
Preferred Spellings – In American English, traveling is spelled as “the trip” or “journeys”. In British English, the preferred spelling is more suitable for most travelers and visitors. Therefore, when someone says, “I am traveling on a vacation”, in British English, the word “vacation” is more appropriate than “trip”. American English is commonly followed due to its close connection with the words “journeys” and “trip”. Hence, “journeys” and “trip” are commonly used for traveling.
In many countries across the world, a short route or circuit is considered to be the best form of traveling. This is because this form of traveling saves the traveler time, money and the environmental resources that would be spent if the traveler traveled through long routes. Therefore, short routes or circuits are the preferred spelling when referring to a certain country or area. When traveling through a country or area with another language, the preferred spelling is of course the one that is closer to the actual spelling in the local language. Most tourists are well aware of the local language when traveling to foreign countries. For instance, while in Italy a traveler would expect to encounter the word “italy” in their travel guide, if they did not know what the word “italy” was then they could ask locals and they will most likely provide them the correct word or term “italy” in their language.
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ROHAVIN VR-X Properties, Molecular Formula, Applications - WorldOfChemicals
ROHAVIN VR-X Properties
ROHAVIN VR-X is a liquid enzyme complex composed of pectinases, cellulases, beta glucanases, and proteases. It is especially well-suited to winemaking. It is used to improve color extraction, filtration and taste during production. It increases the filterability in young wines that are difficult to filter. And when young wines contain yeast, this complex releases positive taste components from their yeast cells.
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dictionary - encyclopedia
Full text search :
Musical Acculturation
Musical acculturation is a process whereby a society\'s music, or part of it, undergoes changes that are directly attributable to the influence of a foreign culture. One of the study areas for ethnomusicology, for example, has been the examination of the impact of Western music on non-Western musical cultures. It is generally accepted that musical acculturation depends on the compatibility or similarity of the two cultures, and on whether the exchange is through essential or non-essential musical characteristics. Essential characteristics concern the musical language itself and may include harmony, tonality, modality, rhythm and metre. Non-essential characteristics, drawn from the musical context, may include instrumentation, tuning and temperament, amplification, musical notation and the social and behavioural features of musical performance.
Within the broad spectrum of musical acculturation several processes have been identified, of which syncretism, modernization and Westernization appear to be most influential. Musical syncretism occurs when the encounter between two musical systems results in a new, hybrid style. This seems to happen most naturally when there are recognizable musical similarities between the two cultures and, in particular, when they share essential characteristics. The distinction between modernization and Westernization, so crucial in the development of today\'s so-called ‘World Music’, is less easy to define. Modernization occurs when a society creates a new, adapted, revitalized version of its traditional music by adopting similar but non-essential elements of Western music. On the other hand, Westernization occurs when a society changes its traditional music by taking what it considers to be essential elements from the Western musical system, even though they may be incompatible with that tradition.
Acculturation can occur over an extended period of time as a cyclic, regenerative and reciprocal process. For example, because of the transatlantic slave trade African music was introduced into the New World, where it eventually merged with European and Hispanic elements and created syncretized Afro-American and Afro-Caribbean forms. These new forms, conveyed by the Western commercial recording industry, were reintroduced to Africa as compatible and modernizing influences on its developing urban popular music. This subsequently induced new hybrids of African music in the 1950s and 60s—and these, in turn, were to be vital influences in the development of new Caribbean pop and jazz forms in the 1970s. The process continues today with African pop music absorbing these new Caribbean styles.
Acculturation also embraces the musical changes within a society brought about by economic, technological and political developments, for example, the effect of urbanization and industrialization on rural and agricultural work songs, or the control of disc or cassette format on the duration and structure of musical performance. The growth of tourism has also had some effect: for instance certain non-Western cultures have accommodated Western preconceptions by exaggerating or distorting their traditions, or by artificially preserving those elements by which they believe Western tourists are attracted. Throughout this century authoritarian regimes, such as some eastern European Communist states, have tried to create national musical identities. This process involved forging together diverse and often incompatible musical elements from the various regions and cultures within the regime\'s control, without regard to retaining their original identities.
There is some concern that musical acculturation, affected by the rapid technological advances in global communications, can only lead to the contraction and loss of musical diversity, resulting ultimately in what has been described as ‘cultural grey-out’. SSt
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Music Theatre
Other Terms : Eugenics | Unified Field Theory | Growth
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Call Today: 1-866-777-2557
Zofran Lawsuit Thornton Colorado
Zofran Lawyer Thornton Colorado
Zofran Lawsuit Settlements - Zofran Birth Defects Lawsuit
What are cleft lips and how can they be remedied?
Cleft lips are probably the most usual birth difficulties relating to the facial area. The expression cleft makes reference to the actual physical separation or step left in the upper lip, one that should have shut down long before birth. When a child is born with a cleft lip, there are numerous health complications he or she deals with, and medical treatments can take several years to resolve the damage. While in the first weeks involving gestation the lips develop in separate pieces that are assumed to then join together by about the 9th week of gestation. When this doesn't happen it's called a cleft lift birth defect. If mothers and dads have access to quality prenatal care, these cleft lips are usually uncovered during pregnancy while using a regular ultrasound. Typically a infant with a cleft lip also has a cleft palate, that is not as obvious on ultrasound images. Youngsters who may have cleft lips and palates can also have various other development difficulties.
Right after birth a child with a cleft lip might have troubles with feeding, unable to effectively latch onto the breast or bottle nipple. The cleft can restrict the baby making a firm seal around the breast location. If the cleft is less severe a lactation expert or nutritionist could be able to enable the new mom search for a technique to position and encourage the infant to suckle. Sometimes assistive feeding instruments are essential, specifically if it's actually a bilateral cleft lip in which the parting exists on both the right and left side of the upper lip area.
Young children born with acute cleft lips might also face breathing complications and eventual speech issues. In the event the cleft enters into the gum tissue, infants also are up against dental troubles when the problem is not fixed.
The most typical approach to fixing a cleft lip is to surgically mend the cleft, often via a series of procedures. Ordinarily these kinds of operations are more effective when completed in the first year of life, providing the baby time to help heal as facial structures go on to grow and develop. Plastic surgeons can be involved to help lower skin damage on the lip. In case the cleft gets to into the gum tissue region this often cannot be addressed until the child is slightly older, and may include orthodontic intervention.
In cases of significant cleft lips, particularly when cleft palates are also found, the therapy plans will last for a lot of years, and may include other professionals which include audiologists and speech therapists. Due to the fact cleft lips cause disfiguring of the face, social workers and psychologists may also be part of the treatment group, offering supportive emotional and social help.
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19.340.040 << 19.340.050 >> 19.340.060
Basis of finding of claim. (Effective until January 1, 2022. Recodified as RCW 48.200.230.)
An entity's finding that a claim was incorrectly presented or paid must be based on identified transactions and not based on probability sampling, extrapolation, or other means that project an error using the number of patients served who have a similar diagnosis or the number of similar prescriptions or refills for similar drugs.
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Selected content listed in alphabetical order under each group
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Loading Events
The more time you dedicate into forming a niche audience and understanding their demographics and values, the more effective your marketing strategies will be. In this workshop, we will review a process for determining your target audience and look at specific examples across different artistic disciplines as applicable to attendees.
Register for Identify Your Target Audience
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Best answer: Can Vietnamese learn Japanese?
Is Japanese easy for Vietnamese?
The Japanese language is considered a super-hard language to learn, according to the FSI. … Japanese can be harder to read than Vietnamese because of its Kanji words. Kanji words are basically Chinese words and they are made of different characters but not the alphabet.
What is harder Korean or Vietnamese?
If you’re an English speaker, Vietnamese pronunciation will be harder to learn while Korean grammar will be harder to learn. Vietnamese has 6 tones which make it extremely hard for people to speak who are not native speakers. Vietnamese grammar is extremely easy. They don’t even conjugate verbs.
Does Vietnam speak Japanese?
Japanese language education in Vietnam first became widespread during the Empire of Vietnam, which was set up as a puppet state after Japan’s 1941 World War II invasion of French Indochina.
Is Korean easier than Vietnamese?
One thing that makes Korean easier to learn than Mandarin or Vietnamese is the fact that it isn’t a tonal language. Mandarin and Vietnamese are both tonal languages (Mandarin having 4 tones and Vietnamese having 6 if I’m not mistaken). If you speak any IE language, then Korean would be much easier (but not too easy).
What is the hardest language in the world?
IT IS INTERESTING: Do you think Philippines is a sustainable country?
What is the hardest part of the Vietnamese language?
The most challenging when people try to learn Vietnamese is the tonals. It is a tonal language and even saying one word differently can change the WHOLE meaning. We have 4/more differently words that have “nam” in them.
What is Vietnam’s religion?
Vietnam’s major religions are Buddhism and Catholicism, although the largest percentage of the population follows Vietnamese folk traditions or identifies as non-religious.
Is Vietnam still communist?
Government of Vietnam
Is Vietnam a poor country?
Inside view of Asia
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The delete_child message is sent to mark a leaf in a folder or the folder itself for deletion. (c_status_cd = 'D') Deleting a folder will cause its children to be marked for deletion as well.
Delete a Node in the Tree
To delete a node in the tree, the sequence of events is as follows:
1. The client specifies a leaf or folder to be marked for deletion.
2. WORK server performs the following steps:
1. Parses the leaf or folder index to obtain the key / table_cd
2. Query WORKPLACE_ACCESS table for the table name associated with the table_cd.
3. Update the WORKPLACE table with to mark node corresponding to specified index for deletion.
1. Client removes the leaf or folder.
delete_child Request Message
This message requires the user to specify the leaf or folder to be marked for deletion. No additional attribute settings are necessary.
<node>\\asthma\55 </node>
delete_child Response Message
A status type of DONE or ERROR is specified in the response header. No specialized message_body is returned to the client.
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| 0.824039 |
Document Type
Date of Degree Completion
Summer 1971
Degree Name
Master of Arts (MA)
Committee Chair
Herbert A. Bird
Second Committee Member
Joseph Haruda
Third Committee Member
John Utzinger
Some concern with music in relation to man's well-being has been evidenced throughout history. Many philosophers have acknowledged that man's ethical and emotional well-being could be influenced by music. On the other hand, other philosophers have asserted that music had no meaning outside itself and therefore could have no significant impact on man. Some philosophers went further by contemplating the sociological implications of music as it relates to man's concept of self and his cognitive reality. This study is the outgrowth of a response to Nietzsche's cormient that "Life without music would be a mistake" (Nietzsche 81 :6 Vol. 16). It is an attempt to examine the writings of philosophers from ancient to modern times regarding the value of music and its relevance to man's existence.
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| 0.906167 |
Celebrating a strong European Parliament stance on AI in law enforcement
On 5 October, following a significant push from across civil society, the European Parliament voted to adopt an important new report on Artificial intelligence in criminal law and its use by the police and judicial authorities in criminal matters by a promising majority of 377 votes in favour, to 248 against. This followed a tense vote earlier as a majority of MEPs opposed all four attempts from the European People's Party (EPP) to remove key fundamental rights provisions from the report.
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Boats Silhouette Solution Tangram Card
| View Cart ⇗ | Info
Solutions for silhouette outlines of boats (sailboat, ship, yacht) made from tangram pieces. Tangrams, invented by the Chinese, are used to develop geometric thinking and spatial sense. 7 figures consisting of triangles, squares, and parallelograms are used to construct the given shapes.
TIFF (full resolution)
2318×3000, 143.9 KiB
Large GIF
791×1024, 24.0 KiB
Medium GIF
494×640, 14.2 KiB
Small GIF
247×320, 6.9 KiB
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| 0.91083 |
Final Fantasy Wiki
Final Fantasy Wiki
Onrac, also known as Onlak in the PlayStation port, is a town from the original Final Fantasy. It is located on the northwestern island of the archipelago where the game takes place. The Sunken Shrine is found underwater, near the shore.
The Warriors of Light head to Onrac to find a way to enter the Sunken Shrine and defeat the Kraken, but after finding a submersible barrel, they are stopped by a woman at Onrac's dock. She hints that they must first obtain the Oxyale to travel underwater. When the Oxyale is brought to her, she reveals herself as the spirit of a Mermaid. Before she passes on and grants access to the "Submarine", she asks the Warriors of Light to defeat the Kraken and free her living brethren from his wrath. An elderly man waiting near Onrac's dock reveals Onrac had flourished as a kingdom two hundred years ago.[note 1]
Spoilers end here.
Onrac's item shop.
Name Cost
NES & PS (Normal) PS (Easy), GBA & PSP
Potion 60 gil N/A
Hi-Potion N/A 150 gil
Ether N/A 150 gil
Antidote 75 gil N/A
Remedy N/A 1,500 gil
Gold Needle 800 gil 500 gil
Tent 250 gil N/A
Cottage 3,000 gil 2,000 gil
Level 7 White Magic[]
Onrac's White Magic shop.
Name Cost
NulDeath 45,000 gil 30,000 gil
Healaga 45,000 gil 30,000 gil
Level 7 Black Magic[]
Onrac's Black Magic shop.
Name Cost
Saber 45,000 gil 30,000 gil
Blind 45,000 gil 30,000 gil
Different enemies appear in the forests surrounding Onrac and the desert to its west.
The Background Music that plays in Onrac is Final Fantasy's "Town" Theme.
Other appearances[]
Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy[]
Onrac appears as ruins on the world map, at the Land of Discord. In the Confessions of the Creator scenario, a Teleport Stone can be found near it, and it is the nearest to Feral Chaos's seal.
Onrac features heavily in the game's backstory given in the Reports. At a time of war with other nations, Onrac sought to create a weapon to combat the weapons of their enemies, specifically summoned monsters and Omega. Samples of crystal ore retrieved from a world beyond a portal to the Interdimensional Rift were experimented on, leading to the first manikins, but they are deemed unfit for military use. When the portal to the Rift closed, research stalled, and Onrac hired a researcher from Lufenia named Cid to assist them.
Cid used Lufenian memory rituals to infuse a manikin with memories and give it sentience, creating Chaos. Onrac used Chaos to destroy the summoned monsters and Omega, and when Cid and his wife refused to assist them, Onrac imprisoned them and used a clone of Cid's wife, named Cosmos, to pacify Chaos. Eventually Chaos, Cosmos, and Cid were pulled into the Rift, and Onrac lost their weapon of war.
Other media[]
Onrac is a recurring joke in the webcomic 8-Bit Theater (which is loosely based on Final Fantasy), where it is described as "a hole" or similar and is destroyed or greatly damaged several times.
1. Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy's interpretation of Onrac as a expanding, belligerent nation may have been an allusion to Onrac's former prosperity.
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| 0.768977 |
A hacking board game, in which players play as unique characters to take control over the cyber hex city.
HEX is a three player strategy game where the players choose from five different
cybernetic or robotic characters to aid you in your goal of hacking into the Central Processing
Node of the Global Network. Each player controls 2 Bit pieces that must get to the central
network. They must both be at the center for the player to win. Each character has different stats
and specialties that appeal to different playstyles, like higher offense/hacking stat or a higher
defense stat. The starting stats of the player depends on which character they choose.
NYX – Character illustrated by Chenke Hu, designed by Koken Ishii, Background is modified placeholder image.
Each character also has different skills. One of these skills can be used each turn. The other skills can
be used only when the player rolls the required numbers. Each turn, players must decide how to
distribute their dice between offense, defense, movement, and skills, seeking their ultimate goal
while at the same time protecting themselves from being hacked by other players.
The purpose of hacking is to set back the other players. When a player is hacked, they
must move their Bit piece back to the last checkpoint even if it is on the space closest to the
center. This is a race to the center, so moving the opponents back is a good plan, especially when
they already have a piece close to the center. The player that gets both their pieces to the middle
space wins.
E-12 – Character illustrated by Hannah Wang, designed by Koken Ishii, Background is modified placeholder image.
Hexagonal Game Board
2 Dynamic Firewalls of each color (Red, Blue, Yellow, Red-Black, Silver-Gold)
5 six-sided dice of each color
2 Bits (Movement pieces)
6 Slider pieces (3 for each Firewall)
1. Choose a character and take all the pieces and 5 dice that correspond to that character
2. **Place the 5 white dice on the corresponding locations on the map. The number shown
on top of the dice will be the “base defense” of each location.
1. Turn Order: Yellow-Black, Red-Black, Red-White, Blue-White, Silver Gold.
2. During each turn:
1) Each player starts by attaching their own dynamic firewalls on opposite sides of
the game board.
2) Each player is passed their corresponding abilities, which they can use after
rolling all five dice at the start of their turn.
3) The ‘Bits’ move one space towards the middle of the board when the player rolls
two of the same number.
4) The player can also choose to use their rolls to either raise their own dynamic
firewall to the number on the die (defense) or choose to reduce the numbers on
other player’s dynamic firewall (attacking). To successfully reduce an opponent’s
firewall, the player must choose dice that are greater or equal to the firewall (up to
three), adjacent to the player’s dynamic firewall.
5) After successfully reducing all the dynamic firewalls to zero, in order for a
player to reset an opponent’s progress, they must destroy the opponent’s
base defense (3) the next turn.
6) After the player has moved three spaces their progress is ‘autosaved’, even if
their firewalls and base defense have been defeated, they need only move back to
the most recent previous save point (the other save point is at 6 moves in).
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| 0.959254 |
Skip to content
What-if Hypothetical Implementations in Minecraft
Popular repositories
1. Portals Public
Plugin to handle portals used to navigate the maps used on the server
Java 1 1
2. Plugin that shows statistics about your current environment
Java 1
3. Plugin for recording and displaying player observations
Java 1
4. Plugin to record the positions of players into a database
Java 1
5. Plugin to add world chat prefixes
Java 1
6. Generates images with block, position, and observations data overlayed
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| 0.978905 |
Centipede Grass
The fertilizer it contains has a 29-0-10 NPK ratio that’s excellent for making robust lawns. A fabulous good wash trimmer occurs with changeable heads which permits you move between nylon Isle Shark Hair brush Cutter material and power cord established, regarding to your need. It has a good 43cd engine motor and a good slicing thickness of 42cmichael, as a result you have lots of strength for tackling heavy weeds and divisions, while nonetheless appearing able to use it for slicing lower overgrown turf. It is more effective to apply this weed destroyer when the heat range array outdoor is about 50-600F.
An important. The perfect element to receive rid of cIover in St. Augustine will be a “clover slayer” some as Ortho Dope and Clover Slayer or any phone herbicide which possesses ticket information for implement on St. Augustine sod. It includes a Url Along position possibly, which you can utilize to collapse this gas weed store and eater it apart compactly after use. On the plus side, we possess all of the answers to most your questions regarding the most beneficial commercial brush cutter. Transforming typically the rotor blades about a new remember to brush used vinyl cutter can certainly fluctuate a bit relying about typically the type, but typically the major measures will be typically typically the similar.
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| 0.778752 |
Anonymous after hacking into the meme wwe government
Anonymous returned and revealed information about the US government and other public figures. It also hacked into the police in Minneapolis and Chicago. Where a song by a group of rappers called “F*ck the police” was played for several minutes on the police car radio. Anonymous King Baron Corbin memes wwe.
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| 0.771242 |
Perfect for the classroom or office, Spring Roller Valances can hold up to 5 maps for easy display of each map. Principal causes of declining fish resources in the Southeast are due to habitat perturbations. The southeastern United States as defined here is delimited on the north and west by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
The Southeast has about 485 known species of native freshwater fishes, representing 27 families. An alarming 21% of the nearly 300 species of minnows and darters are imperiled in the Southeast. Two species of southeastern fishes have become extinct in the last century: the harelip sucker (Moxostoma lacerum) and the whiteline topminnow (Fundulus albolineatus).
The declining status of freshwater fishes among divergent taxonomic groups and across broad habitat types and geographic areas is interpreted as evidence for widespread and pervasive threats to the entire North American fish fauna (Moyle and Leidy 1992; Warren and Burr 1994).
The Southeast United States Wall Map is produced with durable lamination making it both markable and washable.
This commercial wall map shows all of the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Louisiana.
The center of this diversity is in the southeastern United States; where as many as 500 species may exist (62% of the continental fauna north of Mexico).
Many fishes are widely distributed in the Southeast and occur in two or more hydrologic regions. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) had designated 15 southeastern fish species as endangered and 12 as threatened, representing 6% of the entire regional fish fauna. In the Southeast, fish declines are the result of the same factors that cause global deterioration of aquatic resources, primarily habitat loss and degraded environmental conditions. Conservation of southeastern fishes will require significant changes in land management and socioeconomic factors (Moyle and Leidy 1992; Warren and Burr 1994), but such changes are necessary to stem future losses of biodiversity.
Many coastal marine species also enter fresh waters of the Southeast, and at least 34 foreign fish species are established in the region. Total numbers of freshwater fishes and percentage imperiled by hydrographic region of the southeastern United States.
Ninety-three fish taxa (19%) are imperiled (endangered, threatened, or of special concern) in the Southeast, including proposed listings and those recognized by other authors (Williams et al.
Total numbers of imperiled fishes in the Southeast during the last 20 years, as recognized by the American Fisheries Society (AFS) and the U.S.
This geographic trend is correlated with both a high level of diversity in the respective hydrologic regions and the quite localized or endemic distributions of many species. The principal causes of freshwater fish imperilment in the Southeast and other areas of the United States are dams and channelization of large rivers, urbanization, agriculture, deforestation, erosion, pollution, introduced species, and the cumulative effects of all these factors (Moyle and Leidy 1992; Warren and Burr 1994).
An example of habitat fragmentation, decline, and isolation of populations of a southeastern freshwater fish, the endangered spotfin chub (Cyprinehla monacha). 1), but other regions of the Southeast also harbor many more species than do similar-sized geographic areas elsewhere in the United States. Among smaller groups of fishes, the most severe status is among the sturgeons and paddlefish, where seven of the eight (86%) southeastern species are in jeopardy. The most insidious threat to southeastern fishes is sedimentation and siltation resulting from poor land-use patterns that eliminate suitable habitat required by many bottom-dwelling species.
Most jeopardized species have restricted distributions, but the number of more geographically widespread species that are disappearing from large portions of their ranges is increasing. Cumulative effects of physical habitat modifications have caused widespread fragmentation of many fish populations in the Southeast (Fig. The southeastern fish fauna is a national treasure of biodiversity that is imminently threatened.
A steady upward trend in designation of imperiled southeastern fishes has occurred in the last 20 years (Fig.
Water storage containers india
Earthquake packet answers
Community plan for emergency preparedness
1. 26.11.2014 at 17:56:18
This laptop can reside like folks lived one jets, helicopters falling.
Author: ANILSE
2. 26.11.2014 at 15:13:33
America?�at all levels about your stuff.
Author: gynyg
3. 26.11.2014 at 17:24:27
(Even though supplies last) for each location to grab on the way.
Author: GameOver
4. 26.11.2014 at 21:29:47
Authors also suggest that planners think about turning to volunteers from ready to manage.
Author: KaYfUsA
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| 0.908383 |
"BX" Color Splash T-Shirt
Joining or throwing a BollyX Holi Party?! This is the shirt you'll want! represent BollyX with a BOLD BX and sport a color splash to represent the beauty of Holi! It's made of a thicker, heavier cotton, but it's still soft and comfy. It's durability to withstand all of the color coming your way! 100% ring-spun cotton and pre-shrunk, ready to wear.
Dark Grey
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| 0.969349 |
Sulfur, a chemicalelement via the symbol S and also atomic number 16, is the tenth and fifth-mostprevalent aspect by mass in the cosmos and on the earth respectively. At normaltemperature and pressure sulhair atoms create cyclic octatomic molecule (chemicalformula S8).
You are watching: How many valence electrons are in sulfur
Sulfur is an extremely vital aspect in both perspectives: biological and also chemical. It is an essentialcomponent of all living cells, and is a major component of proteins, enzymes,vitamins, amino acids, cysteine, and so on. which present its biological prestige.
Elemental sulhair isused as 85% of the manufacturing of the king of compounds H2SO4 not only this many kind of majors’compounds like SO2, H2S are ready via the aid of elepsychological sulfur whichreflects its chemical prominence.
You are below tounderstand valence electrons of a sulfur atom, aren’t you? Don’t problem together with sulfurvalence electrons we will explain its valency also. But prior to that let’s havesome basic concepts around what these 2 terms are:
Difference BetweenValence Electrons and also Valency
Valence electronsare the total number of electrons existing in the outera lot of shell of an atom(i.e. in outermany orbital). The valence electrons for a neutral atom areconstantly definite, it cannot be differed (even more or less) in any type of condition for acertain atom and may or may not be equal to its valency.
Valency is definedas the full number of electrons, an atom can lose, acquire, or share at the timeof bond development to acquire a stable digital configuration i.e. to complete anoctet. The valency of an atom have the right to be variable in different compounds orchemical reactions as a result of the different bonding situations. Most of the timevalency varies/alters as a result of readjust in oxidation and reduction states.
Sulfur (S) ValenceElectrons
There are foureasy steps to uncover out the valence electrons for sulfur atom which are:
Tip 1: Find theAtomic Number
To discover out theatomic variety of sulfur, we can usage the routine table. With the aid of theroutine table, we can quickly check out that the atomic number of sulhair is 16. Asits atomic number is 16, it has 16 prolots, and for neutral sulhair, the numberof protons is always equal to the variety of electrons i.e. has actually 16 electrons inits nucleus.
Tip 2: WriteElectron Configuration
Electronconfiguration is the plan of electrons on the orbitals. The sulhair atomhas a complete of 16 electrons so, we need to put 16 electrons in orbitals. Theelectrons will certainly be placed in various orbitals according to the energy level:<1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f>. Now,
Sulfur electronconfiguration S (16) =1s22s22p63s23p4(completeconfiguration).
=3s²3p⁴(condensed configuration).
Tip 3: DetermineValence Shell
As we recognize, thevalence shell of an atom have the right to be found from the greatest number of principlequantum numbers which are expressed in the term of n, and also in 3s²3p⁴, thehighest possible value of n is 3 so that the valence shell of sulfur is3s²3p⁴.
Tip 4: FindValence Electrons
The total number ofelectrons existing in the valence shell of an atom are called valence electrons,and also tright here are a total of 6 electrons existing in the valence shell of sulfur (3s²3p⁴).Thus,sulfur has actually six valence electrons.
Also Read:
Valency of Sulhair (S)
Tright here are manydifferent methods to find out the valency of an atom which shows the capacity ofan atom to bond via various other atoms. Valence defines just how conveniently an atom or atotally free radical have the right to incorporate with other chemical species. The valency of an atom isidentified based on the number of electrons lost, obtained, or common withone more atom at the moment of bond formation.
An atom is sassist tobe stable when its outermany shells have actually eight electrons (except H & He).If the full number of electrons in outermost shells is between one to 4,the atom has actually positive valency and also if electrons are in between four to eight, thevalency is calculated by subtracting from eight and valency will certainly be zero. Atomshaving 4 outermost electrons possess both positive and also negative valency, andatoms having eight outera lot of electrons, valency will be zero (i.e. noblegases).
Elements favor sulfurdeserve to reach the steady state (nearemainder inert gas configuration: Ar) by obtaining 2electrons.So that the valency of sulhair is 2.
Mathematically, theelectronic configuration of sulfur is 2, 8, 6. And as we know, if electrons inouterthe majority of shell exceeds from 4, it have to be subtracted from 8. So,
ElectronConfiguration of sulhair (S) = 2, 8, 6
We can view the outerthe majority of shell of sulfur has actually 6 electrons so, need to subtract it from 8.
8 – 6 = 2
That’s why valencyof sulhair is 2.
Note: In general, sulfurhas a stable oxidation state of -2 in many of the compounds yet it varies from-2 to +6 in different compounds because of the various bond stcapacity anddevelopment. Do not confuse through -2 or somepoint else with positive or negativesigns, it is just an oxidation number that deserve to vary from compound to compound. Butits valency is constantly 2 in any type of case.
In one more sense, asulhair atom deserve to develop a maximum of 2 covalent bonds in chemical bonding (For example:CS2, H2S, and so on.), and also that what valency is, the maximum capacity to develop bondswith atoms at the time of chemical reactions.
See more: What Is The Division 2 Year 1 Pass Worth It ? In 2021 (2 Years Later Review)
We can likewise findthe valency of sulhair with the help of the regular table. As sulfur belongs toteam 16 (6A or VIA) together with oxygen (O), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se), tellurium(Te), polonium (Po), and livermorium (Lv). These team aspects are likewise dubbed chalcogen.All these aspects have actually a valency of 2.
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U.S. Customs and Border Protection has issued 13 withhold release orders against imports from China since 2018 to stop goods produced with forced labor from entering the U.S. market.
Those orders largely focus on goods from the Xinjiang province, where millions of Uyghur Muslims face what the U.S. government identified as ongoing genocide and crimes against humanity.
During a House subcommittee’s hearing July 21, witnesses said that despite the orders, more action was needed to combat forced labor in Xinjiang.
Neha Misra, the global lead for migration and human trafficking at the Solidarity Center, said at the hearing that U.S. Customs and Border Protection “should place more emphasis on self-initiated actions by the agency itself; issue more [withhold release orders] related to other countries and sectors; train staff on identifying indicators of forced labor; and focus on worker remediation measures and ensuring working agency in enforcement.”
One way to aid in that effort would be to increase resources and expertise within Customs and Border Protection’s Forced Labor Division, which is tasked with issuing and carrying out the laws related to those goods.
Any adjustment in resources for the division should be done in a fiscally responsible manner. For example, The Heritage Foundation’s “Blueprint for Balance” recommends more than $2.7 billion in cuts for the Department of Homeland Security. A small amount of those resources could be reallocated to Customs and Border Protection’s Forced Labor Division.
A recent report from The Heritage Foundation recommended an evidence-forward approach to tackling the challenge of forced labor in Xinjiang, including additional resources for Customs and Border Protection’s investigations into goods suspected of being produced with forced labor. (The Daily Signal is the news outlet of The Heritage Foundation.)
Congress has given Customs and Border Protection the authority to stop goods made with forced labor from crossing our borders. Now, Congress needs to commit to helping it enforce the law by prioritizing resources for the Forced Labor Division to effectively investigate flagged imports.
House Democrats called for $25 million in additional resources for combating forced labor in an April letter to the House Appropriations Committee. They argue that Customs and Border Protection’s Forced Labor Division “has been drastically underfunded to meet our forced labor enforcement needs, despite continued and growing evidence of the use of forced labor and child labor in the supply chains of products imported into the United States from around the world.”
More specifically, the letter explained that the “funding would support at least 75 [full-time employees], including training costs, to work on forced labor and would support improvements to technology.”
President Joe Biden’s budget, on the other hand, failed to mention combating forced labor as a priority for the administration.
However, the Department of Homeland Security’s budget justification report requests $12.7 million for the Advanced Trade Analytics Platform to help identify and stop shipments with goods produced with forced labor.
The goal of the platform for 2022 is to streamline the data surrounding forced labor and the case management in forced labor investigations.
Addressing human rights violations against Uyghurs is a bipartisan issue.
In fact, the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 was passed by unanimous consent in the Senate and received overwhelming support in the House. In July, the Senate also unanimously approved the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, which would more stringently target goods imported from Xinjiang.
Neither of those bills included prioritizing resources for Customs and Border Protection’s Forced Labor Division, however. Congress needs to affirm its commitment to human rights by equipping it with the expertise and resources it needs to combat forced labor.
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Using Intelligent Transport Systems to Clean the Air
Air Quality & Transport
Air quality and transport go hand-in-hand. Road transport using petrol or diesel fuel are large contributors to the number of particulates and gases in the air, such as Nitrogen Oxide (NO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5), all of which contribute to exceeded UK air quality targets and more importantly, irreversible health problems. With the UK’s car ownership reaching around 40 million, this has been met with a rise in toxic emissions albeit partially stunted due to the coronavirus lockdown. The increase in car ownership could be met with a rise in pollution related deaths, which is around 4.2 million every year.
With that said, the threat of rising vehicle usage and traffic has led to introductions of mobility-focussed policies and interventions to reduce air pollution and get back on track to meet guidelines set by the EU. Developing and implementing Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is a key method to resolving these issues - transport related solutions, often offered with technologies, hardware, and software, that can provide efficient transportation methods for future decisions with scope of large-scale emission reductions.
Integrating Air Quality Technology with ITS to Clean the Air
Intelligent Transport Systems are tools that can be used to improve air quality by changing behaviours around how we travel. Implementing strategies like re-routing traffic to avoid pollution hotspots or using geofencing to send alerts to vehicles to switch to electric mode means businesses can take control and integrate their technologies with air quality technology to minimise growing congestion and emission related problems.
Utilising ITS in conjunction with air pollution data means companies are able to understand the impact human behaviour has on air quality and health. This data can help to identify areas regularly experiencing poor air quality due to factors such as regular traffic build-up in cities, and for testing mitigations to evidence their impact on emissions. Implementing such initiatives means transport can become safer and cleaner for human health.
Zephyr® Sensor Attached to Traffic Light Infrastructure
We’re working alongside a number of companies using ITS by integrating Zephyr® air quality sensor data into existing transport management systems to provide real-time pollutant information with emission data. Combined data can be used in a number of ways, much like Coventry City Council who use measured air quality data to display breached pollution levels to motorists and provide alternative routes via VMS, easing pressures at pollution hotspots.
We also recently partnered with Siemens Mobility, who are using Zephyr® sensors mounted to traffic light infrastructure. Mounting Zephyr® sensors to traffic lights means that we’re able to collate real-time pollution data from vehicles throughout whole cities or even just hotspot junctions. Integrating air quality data with the Siemens Mobility Stratos traffic strategy manager allows users to identify the changing levels of pollution, which is used to inform meaningful and timely traffic flow interventions.
The EarthSense MappAir® model is also used to support ITS to reduce air pollution. MappAir® modelled air quality data is be fed into traffic management systems to provide pollution forecasts and allows users to understand how pollution will disperse and flow throughout different locations and scenarios within whole cities. This information helps to identify how factors such as traffic build-up or light sequencing may impact air quality levels. It could also be used in a way similar to our work on the NEVFMA project, which uses a traffic modelling in conjunction with Zephyr® and MappAir® data to provide users with different traffic-based scenarios and real-time pollution data, so future traffic decisions can be made to reduce emissions.
MappAir® model for Oxfordshire County Council & NEVFMA
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congress adopt in a sentence
1) I move that the congress adopt the Massachusetts militia immediately!
adopt collocations
2) This time, congress adopted a different legislative strategy.
3) The congress adopted a new Party Program.
congress adopt example sentences
4) The congress adopted the new Party Rules.
5) The congress adopted the Chemical Weapons Convention.
6) On November 3, congress adopted S.Con.
7) In 1955 the Indian National congress adopted socialism as its policy.
8) In 1931, congress adopted it as our National Anthem.
9) In 1993 and 1994, congress adopted laws to strengthen the licensing system.
10) The congress adopted its new Rules of Procedure in March 2012.
11) Moreover, the congress adopted a resolution expressing its support of this declared policy.
12) The Second Continental congress adopted these men into the beginnings of the Continental Army.
13) Resolution of the Continental congress adopting the Continental Army, 14 June 1775.
14) Under federal laws congress adopted in June 1916 the regiment reverted to its National Guard status.
example sentences with congress adopt
16) The Library of congress adopted the term artists books in 1980 in its list of established subjects.
17) In December 1993, the librarian of congress adopted the former CRT rules on an interim basis.
18) The 1st Statute lasted until 1919, when the 8th congress adopted the 2nd Statute.
19) Party congresses adopted these policies at meetings in January 1979, May 1981, and October 1985.
20) In 1921, largely on the urging of Progressive reformers, congress adopted the first formalized budget procedure.
21) The congress adopted the 21 conditions as prerequisites for any group wanting to become affiliated to the International.
22) In March 2013 the congress adopted Resolution 353(2013) on post-monitoring and post-observation of elections.
23) These savings would be lost if congress adopted proposals to repeal the ACA or increase beneficiaries' out-of-pocket costs.
24) On June 12, 1776, the Continental congress adopted the first secrecy agreement for employees of the new government.
25) Finally at the historic Lahore congress convention, the congress adopted Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as its motto.
26) The Amsterdam congress adopted a resolution advocating the socialization of the means of production, a resolution opposed by the Gompers.
27) Hezekiah and his wife Mary called this quaint little brick building home around the time congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.
28) In that year, congress adopted taxes on wages and the payrolls of employers to fund the new social security system.
How to use congress adopt in a sentence
29) Under these conditions debate became impossible; and the Continental congress adopted the Declaration as it stood." – Wm.
31) In 1992 the U.S. congress adopted the McConnell Act, expressing an American national interest in Hong Kong's freedom and prosperity.
32) The party congress adopted a motion that made it impossible for the PvdA to govern with the KVP and its Protestant allies.
33) Finally, in June 1942, congress adopted a resolution (amended in 1942, 1945, 1953, and 1954) that made the flag code a law.
35) What do we do now if congress adopts a term of, say, life + 1000 years, or seeks to award a new copyright in Huckleberry Finn to Disney or to the Mark Twain estate?
36) The status of the sale of organs for transplantation therefore remained uncertain until congress adopted the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) in 1984.
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20 examples of simple sentences of congress adopt. We tried to find and publish the the words with Simple Sentences of congress adopt
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| 0.997048 |
Free Shipping In All Countries
Panier 0
6S to 13S 25A BMS LiFePO4 Li-ion lithium battery protection Board 24V 36V 48V 7S 8S 10S 12S batteries electrical tool ups CAR
Prix régulier $20.99 Prix réduit $32.99 Prix unitaire par
Taxes incluses. Frais de port calculés à la caisse.
6S-13S 24V36V48V Polymer Lithium Iron Phosphate Universal Battery Protection Board With Charging and Discharging Protecting 3.2V 3.7V
• Features:
Product Size
Professional test
Every product has been professionally and rigorously tested before it leaves the factory, and the quality is strictly checked to ensure that you can use it with confidence.
Operation guide
The polymer is wired in the same way as lithium iron phosphate, supporting both the same port and split port.
Step 1; B-line to the negative of the lithium battery pack
Step 2; connect the cable (make sure the cable is unplugged from the protection board, start wiring from B-, 8-connect the total negative pole of the battery pack, the second line B1 of the cable is connected to the first string of the positive battery of the lithium battery pack) The third line B2 is connected to the positive pole of the second series of batteries of the lithium battery pack, followed by
Step 3: Insert the cable after checking the error.
Step 4: Take out the C line
Step 5: Whether the total voltage of the lithium battery is equal to the voltage of C-to the positive pole of the battery (the equivalent board is working normally)
This protection board supports a minimum of 6 strings. The following figure takes 7 strings as an example. It needs to be shorted as shown in Figure B7 to B+.
The B-, C-, and P- lines should be connected with thick wires and ensure that the pads are soldered correctly to the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding device.
Before installing the protection board, the battery must be matched well (the voltage difference between each battery is not higher than 0.05v, the internal temperature difference is not more than 5mΩ, the difference is less than 30mAh), the protection board is to protect each string of batteries, as long as there is a string of batteries If the voltage is too high or too low, it will be protected. The better the battery consistency, the longer the battery life, and the best performance of the protection board.
A single battery needs to be connected in parallel to the required number of battery packs, and then the battery packs are used in series.
When connecting the battery packs in series, please ensure that the voltage of each battery pack is the same. If it is different, please fill each battery pack separately and use it in series. In the discharge test, the circuit with the fastest voltage drop is the differential power.
Do not mix good batteries and poor batteries. The battery pack's sorrow and internal resistance are as close as possible.
The lithium battery protection board is used in series.
Common problem
1. Can my battery use this protection board?
A: Can you use this protection board to have two questions to consider: First, how many strings of your battery, you have to buy a corresponding number of protection boards.
Second, what is your battery? We have a protective plate with two parameters of lithium iron phosphate and polymer. If your battery is a single lithium phosphate of 3.2V, you need to select lithium iron phosphate 3.2V in the classification. If it is a polymer (ternary, cobalt acid) , lithium manganese oxide battery) single battery nominal 3.6V (or 3.7V) please select the classification of polymer 3.7V.
2. How do I judge what material my battery is?
A: You can look at the nominal voltage of your battery. Lithium iron phosphate battery is generally 3.2V. Other batteries are generally 3.6V or 3.7V. You can also directly ask the battery of the seller who sells the battery. Many buyers say that my battery is 18650 or 26650 soft pack, etc. This is the shape, not the material! We are unable to determine your battery protection parameters based on this.
3. How many protection boards should I choose?
A: The number of protection boards to choose depends on your load power. Our protection board is the same port output. The maximum current of the output string is 16A, and the maximum current of the 2 series is 25A.
4. Can my battery be 20AH use this protection board?
A: The size of your battery is not directly related to the current of this board. The large amount is not the battery, mainly the continuous current, which means that the larger your load, the continuous current of the protection board you choose will be The larger, it is not directly related to battery capacity.
5. How should the charger voltage be set?
Answer: Lithium battery must be charged with lithium battery charger. Do not use lead-acid battery charger. Lead-acid charging may have high-voltage breakdown protection board MOS tube, resulting in over-protection of protection board. Charger voltage setting: Use your battery pack number *4.2V This is the charging voltage of the non-ferrous lithium battery. The charging voltage of the iron-lithium battery is 3.60v. The charging voltage of the iron-lithium battery is the charging current standard. 0.2 times the capacity.
Package Contents
100% Brand New
Lithium battery protection board*1
40cm cable *1
Power supply not included
Condition: New
Type: Voltage Regulator
Package: SMD
Dissipation Power: W
Model Number: A
Application: Computer
Operating Temperature: C
Supply Voltage: V
series is :: 25A
polymer :: 3.7V
output string is :: 16A
Partager ce produit
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| 0.817283 |
29 September 2021
How Inclusive Language creates belonging in our Workplace?
Written by IMD DE&I Team
Diversity And Inclusion. Business Employment Leadership. People Silhouettes
Language is one of the most powerful tools we have as humans. We use it to explain and train, share events, bounce ideas, and share common understanding. Therefore, it will come as no surprise that the language we use is essential for creating a working environment where everyone feels welcome and included.
Non-inclusive language has the power to make individuals or groups feel marginalised, perhaps due to their culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, appearance, age, or socioeconomic status, among others.
For National Inclusion Week 2021, we put together a list of positive outcomes of using inclusive language.
• Seeing everyone as they want to be seen. This is especially important in relation to gender identity. Having an open and safe environment where staff use pronouns for general communication regarding themselves, everyone in the workplace is likely to follow this and there is less stigma as a result.
• Moving with the times. Language changes and evolves faster than we may realise. Being aware and open to shifting language means that the whole organisation can evolve in an agile fashion.
• Using inclusive language. This challenges both conscious and unconscious biases. Language is powerful, so adjusting words and phrases shifts mindsets too.
• Inclusive language supports disclosure and declaration by creating a safe space making people feel valued.
• Positive language. It facilitates a collective no blame culture as everyone makes mistakes and that is ok!
Inclusive language seeks to treat all people with respect, dignity, and impartiality. The fact is, we all must try to consider the implications of words and phrases that may have before gone unchallenged. We need to make the effort to empathise with and imagine an experience that is not our own. And if we do make mistakes, as we are only human, apologise for not understanding what the word meant to the other person and promise that we will work on this and try to get better.
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| 0.995196 |
From the Super Mario Wiki, the Mario encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
A Fizzlit from Super Mario 3D World.
A Fizzlit in Super Mario 3D World
First appearance Super Mario Galaxy 2 (2010)
Latest appearance Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury (2021)
Fizzlits[1] are small purple blob-like enemies that first appear in Super Mario Galaxy 2. Their body is purple with eyes that have a yellow pupil and a black iris. In Super Mario Galaxy 2 their bottom is tooth-shaped while in Super Mario 3D World their bottom resembles a suction cup. They turn into a yellow electric puddle that is either a square or a circle when attacking. Their name is likely a play on the words "fizzle" and "lit", in reference to how they light up yellow when electrifying.
Super Mario Galaxy 2[edit]
Fizzlits first appear in Super Mario Galaxy 2, where they attack by hopping from one place to another and spreading into a round electric puddle with their eyes poking out, which will shock and damage the player upon contact. Fizzlits are only vulnerable when they are in their non-electric state, during which the player can use any form of attack to defeat them. They can also be defeated by eating them with Yoshi. However, they are still harmful when simply touched from the sides. Fizzlits mostly inhabit industrial levels, such as Bowser Jr.'s Fearsome Fleet and Bowser Jr.'s Boom Bunker, but are also encountered in Cosmic Cove Galaxy.
Fizzlits reappear in Super Mario 3D World and its Nintendo Switch port Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury, now being roughly square-shaped with connected eyes. They retain the same method of attack from before: generating an electric puddle in an attempt to damage the player. However, they no longer jump around and are stuck to the ground permanently. The puddle they melt into is now square, and their entire faces can be seen on top of the puddle, rather than their eyes poking out as they did in their previous appearance. The puddles are now smaller as well. When in their puddle state, they either remain stationary or move in a fixed straight path before reverting to their solid forms. When they spread, Fizzlits look in the direction they move. They inhabit various levels with various environments, including Switchboard Falls, Tricky Trapeze Theater, Trick Trap Tower, and Switch Shock Circus. They are also featured in Captain Toad Takes a Spin and Mystery House Brawl. Fizzlits do not appear in Bowser's Fury.
Names in other languages[edit]
Language Name Meaning
Japanese ペト[2]
Possibly from「ペったん」(pettan, flattening) and「ベトベト」(beto-beto, being sticky)
French Elektruc From électricité (electricity) and truc (thing)
German Elektroschmelzer Electro Melter
Italian Spalmelettro From "elettro", a prefix related to electronics, and "spalmare", to spread
Spanish Electroplano "electricidad" (electricity) and "plano" (flat)
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Amazon Develops Social Distancing Tech Using Augmented Reality
Workers in Amazon's warehouses get real-time visual feedback showing if they are keeping a safe distance from their colleagues.
June 16, 2020
It's hard to know exactly how close you can get to someone without breaking the social distance rules, but Amazon has made it easy for warehouse workers by using red and green circles.
Posting on the Amazon Day One blog, Brad Porter, vice president and distinguished engineer in Amazon's Robotics department, introduces a newly-developed system called "Distance Assistance." It's technology aimed at helping Amazon's employees to remain socially distant from each other at all times, and it was made possible through a combination of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and augmented reality.
In practice, Distance Assistance consists of a 50-inch monitor, a camera, and a computer combined into a standalone unit which can be deployed anywhere within Amazon's warehouses there's a power outlet available. It creates a "magic-mirror-like tool that helps associates see their physical distancing from others" by painting a circle around their feet, as you can see in the video above. A green circle shows they are at a safe distance from others, where as a red circle signals they are too close and should take action to go green.
For now, Amazon has deployed the Distance Assistance units "at a handful of our buildings," but positive feedback from employees means they are going to be deployed at hundreds of locations in the coming weeks. It's also nice to hear that Amazon intends to open source the software and AI used to create the system so other companies can take advantage and keep their employees safe, too.
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| 0.859237 |
Duration 1h 32m
Distance 36 km
Average price Rp310000
Nearby airports 5 found
Closest airports to Borobudur
The nearest airport to Borobudur is Yogyakarta (YIA). Kereta API operates a train from Gubeng to Yogyakarta every 4 hours. Tickets cost Rp100000 - Rp200000 and the journey takes 4h 22m. Alternatively, Sumber Alam operates a bus from Semarang to Purworejo hourly. Tickets cost Rp60000 - Rp85000 and the journey takes 3h 10m.
Recommended airport
Yogyakarta (YIA)
1. Yogyakarta International Airport
2. Ambarketawang Rest Area
3. Borobudur
1h 32m
Rp208890 - Rp238890
Other nearby airports
8h 23m
Rp346000 - Rp590000
Adisutjipto (JOG)
1. Adisucipto Airport
2. Tugu Jogjakarta
3. Borobudur
1h 40m
Rp173000 - Rp213000
Ahmad Yani (SRG)
1. Semarang
2. Borobudur
3h 53m
Rp261289 - Rp331978
Solo (SOC)
1. Solobalapan
2. Yogyakarta Tugu
3. Borobudur
2h 13m
Rp185000 - Rp361322
Frequently asked questions
Want to know about travelling to Borobudur, Central Java, Indonesia? We have put together a list of the most frequently asked questions from our users such as: What is the cheapest mode of transport?, What is the quickest option?, How much do tickets usually cost? and many more.
There is widespread community transmission globally.
Some travel restrictions are being lifted in Indonesia. For the latest travel status, please check the official page for Indonesia.
Learn More.
The nearest airport to Borobudur is Adisutjipto (JOG) Airport which is 31.9 km away. Other nearby airports include Yogyakarta (YIA) (36.1 km), Solo (SOC) (60.7 km) and Ahmad Yani (SRG) (72.8 km).
More information
It takes 1h 32m to get from Magelang to Yogyakarta (YIA) Airport.
More information
We recommend flying to Yogyakarta (YIA) Airport, which is 50.9 km away from Magelang. The bus and taxi via Yogyakarta International Airport from Yogyakarta (YIA) to Magelang takes 1h 32m.
More information
There are 88+ hotels available in Borobudur. Prices start at Rp1267500 per night.
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| 0.744926 |
how to pronounce profiles
how to improve pronunciation of profiles
press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn about each sound.
press Play to play an example pronunciation of profiles.
video examples of profiles pronunciation
An example use of profiles in a speech by a native speaker of american english:
“… data from their Facebook profiles but no …”
meanings of profiles
1. Plural of profile.
1. Third-person singular simple present indicative form of profile.
words with pronunciation similar to profiles
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| 0.99845 |
• 0,99 €
Publisher Description
Learn Czech Now. Download This Book.
Your Fast Track to Practical Czech Vocabulary!
Do you want to learn Czech fast? This book will help you focus on the core Czech words. The words that you will use most often in real life.
Did you know that the top 60% words consist out of the 100 most used words in any language?
If you know the most important vocabulary, you will progress amazingly fast!
This frequency dictionary of Czech helps you learn basic Czech vocab with ease.
It contains the top 100 Czech words in context. The words are listed by frequency, frequency as part of speech (like the most common nouns, verbs, numerals, and more) and by alphabet, so you can look them up easily.
Practical Vocabulary: You will understand both spoken language and written texts. Our frequency dictionary is based on subtitles analysis. Subtitles cover both spoken and written language.Phonetic Transcription. Pronounce Czech correctly with the help of the International,al Phonetic Alphabet. We write down exactly how to pronounce a Czech word.Example Sentences. 100 Czech - English example sentences, showing word usage in context.Learn Passively. Discover new vocabulary through context. Vocabulary learned through context is remembered better because it is learned in chunks. Kind of like the way you naturally learn a language.Discover Grammar Naturally. The example sentences help you get used to the grammar and flow of the language.Parallel Text. Reading practice! The example sentences amount to roughly 2.000 words. It's like reading an essay in a bilingual format.
Key Benefits
Learning words by frequency is the fastest way to fluency. Pretty self-explanatory. By knowing the most important and most common words, you're able to express yourself after only a short time of studying Czech.
It will take you around 4 hours to learn all the words in this book. You will understand 60% of Czech by then. How cool is that?
Expand your vocabulary and feel for the language fast. The example sentences help you discover Czech and get you familiar with Czech grammar, sentence structure, common idioms, and expressions.
Key Features
The most common Czech words.
These carefully selected words are part of practical daily spoken Czech and Czech text you will encounter in books, newspapers, and websites.100 Czech English example sentences, showing you word usage in context.
Expand your vocabulary by discovering new words through context. Words learned naturally trough context are internalized in your vocabulary quicker, and you'll remember words faster due to repeated exposure.Phonetic spelling of Czech words.
So you will always know how to correctly pronounce Czech words.Sorted by frequency, alphabet and part of speech.
Words are sorted by: general frequency, frequency as part of speech (most used adjectives, nouns, verbs, etc.) and their alphabetical order.
In short, a frequency dictionary is a fast & efficient method to learn useful vocabulary. It is the quickest way to acquire practical Czech vocabulary for various levels of fluency.
Download this Czech Frequency dictionary book now and see for yourself!
14 May
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Limiting sexual health services now indicates the UK’s failure to prioritise women’s lives
Sexual health clinics
By Izzy Bohn
NOTE: I use the terms woman and women’s health, however, it is crucial to acknowledge that it is not only people who identify as women who access women’s health and reproductive services. Sexual and Reproductive Health services must be inclusive and sensitive to the needs of people whose gender identity does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth.
COVID-19 has changed the face of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services across the UK. Sexual health clinics, in particular, have had their capacity to offer life-saving services compromised due to government-enforced restrictions placed upon them
As women have been found to rely on these services more than men, what do these restrictions on SRH services say about the government’s attitude to women?
According to Marie Stopes International, a non-governmental organisation providing sexual and reproductive healthcare around the world, the disruption to SRH services in 2020 as a result of COVID-19 may have led to 3 million unintended pregnancies, 2.7 million unsafe abortions and 11,000 pregnancy-related deaths globally. These statistics reflect the risk that the pandemic has posed for women around the world.
SRH services underpin the health, rights and well-being of women and girls, and so the disruption to these services during the pandemic reflects a clear gender imbalance within healthcare which sees women-centred services side-lined. In the UK, this imbalance manifests itself through the current nationwide restrictions placed on sexual health clinics.
Although clinics function as spaces for both men and women, data gathered by the Sexual and Reproductive Health Activity Dataset (SRHAD) found that 82% of contacts with Sexual and Reproductive Health services in 2019/20 were women. Such a finding makes it possible to frame the disruption to sexual health services in the UK as a failure to prioritise women’s lives.
Clinics as life-saving services
Sexual health clinics represent an invaluable lifeline for vulnerable and underrepresented groups across the UK, with findings from the All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Sexual and Reproductive Health stating that young people and marginalised groups are most reliant on their services. Current restrictions thus represent a failure to meet the needs of those arguably most in need.
A benefit of sexual health clinics is that they provide a level of confidentiality which is necessary for vulnerable groups such as those who are victims of domestic abuse. In light of the Centre for Women’s Justice revealing that lockdown restrictions have caused cases of domestic abuse to surge, the current suspension of walk-in appointments represents an assault on vulnerable communities who rely on them.
At a time when gender violence is becoming increasingly more common, limiting access to sexual health clinics creates safeguarding issues amongst those who the government has a responsibility toward, and reflects institutional inequalities within healthcare. Furthermore, it encourages a cycle of poor health and social outcomes such as early childbearing, shorter birth intervals and unsafe abortions.
A contraceptive binary
To ensure that sexual health clinics can continue to operate at a reduced capacity, clinics have called upon the public to postpone any ‘non-urgent attendances’ and have introduced an essential and non-essential binary that determines which services warrant an appearance at a clinic.
This categorisation is dangerous and reflects a failure to understand that contraception does not conform to a one size fits all approach. Whilst emergency contraception, oral contraception and abortion services are essential, the SRH bureaucracy have deemed the fitting and removal of long-acting reversible contraception (also known as LARCs, such as the implant and coil) otherwise.
Interestingly, despite their ‘non-essential’ status, statistics from the SRHAD show that there was a 46% uptake of LARC in 2019/20, showing that more people are starting to rely on the method. Therefore, the decision to postpone these services is a cause for concern as it limits choice within contraception to user-dependent forms which may not be as appropriate to the user’s needs. In brief, the contraception binary reflects a failure to structure care around the needs of all women.
Pre-existing shortages within SRH
The pandemic has amplified lapses within sexual health and reproductive services that need urgent addressing. A key area of concern is lack of funding, with cuts to the wider public health grant affecting SRH budgets. Evidence presented to the inquiry by the APPG on Sexual and Reproductive Health suggests that SRH budgets were cut by £81.2 million between 2015 and 2017/18, a reduction of 12%. During the same period, it is estimated that contraceptive budgets were cut by £25.9 million, some 13% of the total budget.
These cuts reflect a failure to finance services that engender positive health outcomes for women and perpetuates the narrative that the government is not willing to invest in women’s lives. Without sufficient funding, SRH services may fail to make an impactful positive change in the lives of those who rely on their services and ultimately put many people at risk.
What is the post-pandemic future of SRH?
Whilst the pandemic has identified urgent problems within sexual health services, it has also opened up new opportunities for a more comprehensive approach to SRH in the UK. Limits to face-to-face appointments forced consultations online, and this integration of technology represents an opportunity to improve public services and expand access to contraception. Nevertheless, a move towards digital services must consider marginalised groups or those without private internet access, with SRH service SH:24 stressing the importance of “leaving no one behind” in the transition to digital services.
The pandemic has brought gender inequalities in government budgeting into sharp focus, with COVID-19 arriving at a time where cuts to SRH were at an all-time high and clinics were unable to create the impact that they wanted. Moving forward, we need to see greater investment into women’s futures, whether through financing SRH services or providing them with a seat at the table. Hopefully, we can look at the pandemic as an event which inspired a real commitment to doing something about gender inequality.
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Skip to main content
(ELED 421) Methods of Literacy Instruction for the Fluent Reader
Theory of the nature of reading, methods and approaches to teaching reading, reading readiness, phonics, word recognition, comprehension, assessment, and recreational reading are emphasized in this course.
Credit Hours 2.0 Lecture
Prerequisites EDU 312, ELED 320
Corequisite ELED 491 (except non-certification track)
Offered Fall, Winter
Programs -
Course Outcomes
1. Foundational Knowledge: Candidates understand the theoretical and evidence-based foundations of reading and writing processes and instruction.
2. Curriculum and Instruction: Candidates use instructional approaches, materials, and an integrated, comprehensive, balanced curriculum to support student learning in reading and writing.
3. Assessment and Evaluation: Candidates use a variety of assessment tools and practices to plan and evaluate effective reading and writing instruction.
4. Diversity: Candidates create and engage their students in literacy practices that develop awareness, understanding, respect, and a valuing of differences in our society.
5. Literate Environment: Candidates create a literate environment that fosters reading and writing by integrating foundational knowledge, instructional practices, approaches and methods, curriculum materials, and the appropriate use of assessments.
6. Professional Learning and Leadership: Candidates recognize the importance of, demonstrate, and facilitate professional learning and leadership as a career-long effort and responsibility.
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Initially, the Business Logic Component (BLoC) pattern was introduced by Google as a solution to handle states in Flutter applications. It allows you to reduce the workload on UI components by separating the business logic from them.
Using BLoC Pattern with React
Benefits of Using BLoC Pattern with React
The concept behind the BLoC pattern is straightforward. As you can see in the above figure, business logic will be separated from UI components. First, they will send events to the BLoC using an observer. And then, after processing the request, UI components will be notified by the BLoC using observables.
When the business logic is standalone from UI components, the impact on the application will be minimum. You will be able to change the business logic any time you want without affecting the UI components.
Since the business logic is in one place, UI components can reuse logic without duplicating the code so that the simplicity of the app will increase.
When writing test cases, developers can focus on the BLoC itself. So the code base is not going to be messed up.
Over time, application requirements may change, and business logic can keep growing. In such situations, developers can even create multiple BLoCs to maintain the clarity of the codebase.
Moreover, BLoC patterns are platform and environment independent so that developers can use the same BLoC pattern in many projects.
Now, let’s implement the BLoC class. The BLoC class will be responsible for implementing all subjects related to business logic. In this example, it is responsible for the counter logic.
So, I have created a file named CounterBloc.js inside the bloc directory and used a pipe to pass the counter to the UI components.
There is simple logic in this class. However, when an app grows in size, imagine the complexity if we do not separate the business logic.
In this step, I will create the StreamBuilder.js inside the utils directory to handle the counter request from the UI. Moreover, developers can handle errors and implement customer handlers within this.
In the AsyncSnapshot class, we can initialize a constructor, handle our data (check availability, etc. ), and handle errors. But in this example, I have only returned the data for ease of demonstration.
The initial data is passed into AysncSnapshot class and stored in the snapshot state for each subscription. Then it will get rendered in the UI components.
As you can see now, increase() and decrease() methods are called directly within the UI component. However, output data is handle by a stream builder.
It is better to have an intermediate layer to implement custom handlers to handle errors.
In the app.js file, the BLoC is initialized using the CounterBloc class. Thus, the Counter component is used by passing the BLoC as a prop.
That’s it. Now you can treat your business logic as a separate entity outside your UI components and change it as you need.
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Solved by a verified expert:List whether the student was positive or negative for each characteristic and include whether the characteristic is dominant or recessive. (6 points)Blood typeWidow’s peakFree ear lobesTongue rollingHitchhiker’s thumbLeft thumb dominanceLittle finger bendPTC tasterMid-digit hairFacial dimplesFrecklesCleft chinCan the student tell from blood type if the student is heterozygous or homozygous? Explain. (5 points)Select a trait of interest.What was the trait? (1 point)What is the phenotype for the trait, and is this the dominant or recessive allele for the trait? (2 points)What are the possible genotypes for the parents? (2 points)Include the results of one Punnett square, showing a possible combination between alleles for the trait from the parents by filling in the genotypes according to the numbers in the square, below. (Note: you do not need to submit the punnett square itself, only the results of the punnett square).1 2 3 5 6 4 7 8Based on the cross, what percent of children born to the parents would express the trait? (1 point)Create a Punnett square to determine the possibility of a couple having a color-blind child if the mother has the recessive trait on one X and the father is color-blind. HINT: Use Xb to indicate an X with the color-blindness trait. How many female offspring will be color-blind? How many male offspring? (5 points)What was the case number of the student’s karyotype? What was the result of the student’s karyotype? (Include the sex and the chromosomal disorder, if applicable. If there was no chromosomal disorder, the student must state that the individual was normal.) (5 points)Give an example of a situation in which it would be important to create a karyotype for an individual. Explain. (5 points)Genetically speaking, why is it important not to mate with a close relative? Explain. (5 points)Does a karyotype tell all of a person’s genetic characteristics? Explain. (5 points)Why is a photograph of cells in metaphase utilized when constructing a karyotype? (5 points)What does it mean to be a carrier of a genetic defective characteristic? When might it be important to know if one is a carrier? (5 points)From the hemophilia procedure with a population of 120 individuals (n = 120): (4 points)What were the possible genotypes of the offspring?What is the probability of males having hemophilia out of the entire population?How many females would have hemophilia?How many carriers would there be?Explain why more males tend to suffer from X-linked disorders than females. (5 points)The student has a friend that knows the student is taking Biology, and she is confused about her blood type. Her blood type is O, but her dad is A and her mother is B. She asks the student if it is possible for her parents to have a child that is O. Explain the answer to her. (5 points)In a flower garden, the student has purple and white pansies. The student notices that a new pansy has sprouted. When it finally flowers, the pansy is lavender. Explain how this happened. (5 points)With a botanist friend’s help, the student decide to cross the lavender pansy with the white pansy. Will this result in any purple pansies? Explain. (5 points)(Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to Human Genetics be useful to the student, or how can the student apply this knowledge to everyday life as a non-scientist? The application paragraph will be graded according to the rubric below. (20 points)10:59
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Unit-I: Sets and Functions
Unit-II: Algebra
Unit-III: Coordinate Geometry
Unit-IV: Calculus
Unit-V: Mathematical Reasoning
Unit-VI: Statistics and Probability
Pictorial Diagram or Pictogram
Pictorial diagrams are the most popular and most attractive though not very accurate method of representing statistical data.
In pictograms, the magnitude of the particular phenomenon under study is presented through appropriate pictures. The number of pictures drawn or the size of the pictures being proportional to the values of the different magnitudes to be present.
\to It is also called a Pictogramme, Pictograph or simply Picto etc.
Example -:
Given 4 families have a number of vehicles.
Family Number of Vehicles
A 3
B 2
C 5
D 4
Pie-Chart -:
Subdivision of a total numerical figure representing a particular quantitative phenomenon in the different segments can be well represented with the help of a pie chart.
\to The total magnitude is made equivalent to the angle at the center of the circle i.e. 360^o and each component is represented by an angle whose magnitude is a fraction of 360^o
\to Pie-chart also called Angular diagram.
Example -:
Number of crops with their magnitude
Wheat Barley Oats Total
180^o 120^o 60^o 360^o
Frequency Curve -:
A frequency curve is a smooth freehand curve drawn through the vertices of a frequency polygon.
Example -:
Frequency Polygon -:
For an ungrouped or discrete frequency distribution, the frequency polygon is obtained by plotting points with abscissa as the variant values and the ordinate as the corresponding frequencies and joining the plotting points by means and straight line.
Example -:
Cumulative Frequency Curve -:
A cumulative frequency distribution is obtained from original frequency distributions by adding the frequencies of the values of the variable or classes successively. The frequency which so obtained is called Cumulative Frequency.
Example -:
Class Frequency C.F
A 20 20
B 15 35
C 30 65
D 25 90
Total 90
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Financial Advisor
Vice President - Investment Officer
Address: 5820 Canoga Avenue, SUITE 100 , Woodland Hills , CA 91367-0000
Phone: 818-251-5052 | 800-400-1177 Fax: 818-226-2239
Email: Compose mail in a new window
My Commitment to You
Securities Registered in the following states: AZ, CA, MN, MS, NV
Insurance licensed in the following states: CA (Lic. # 0B18635)
MANNY AUGUSTINE: Financial Advisor: Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC
United States: California : Woodland Hills Branch
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Can you convert a Word document to HTML?
To quickly convert a Word document to HTML or web page format: Open the Word document you want to convert to HTML. Or, open a new, blank document and enter the text you want to convert to an HTML file. Go to the File tab and choose Save As or Save a Copy to save the document.
How do I convert a file to HTML?
How to Save a Text File as an HTML
1. Right-click on the text file you want to save as HTML.
2. Select “Open With” and then “Notepad.” If you’re using a Mac, the program will be called TextEdit.
3. Click “File” and “Save As” in the program’s navigation bar.
4. Choose the location you would like to save your new HTML file.
How do I convert a Word document to a Web page?
Using Microsoft Word to create a web page
1. Open Word.
2. When the application opens, from the “File” menu, choose “Open.” Then, from the list of available documents, double click the document you wish to convert. …
3. From the “File” menu, choose “Save as Web Page.” Click “Save.” …
4. When the conversion is complete, the converted file appears in the window (filename.
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How do I open a .doc file in HTML?
Just append your src attribute with an appropriate URL to a specific doc viewer, it will download your file from URL and then generate an HTML page from it, and then you direct your iframe to it and voila!
How do you turn a file into a URL?
Try it!
1. Select what you’d like to turn into a link and then select Insert > Hyperlink or press Ctrl + K.
2. Select Place in This Document.
3. Choose where you’d like the link to connect to and select OK.
Can we convert PDF to HTML?
Convert PDF to HTML (Free & Online!).
1. Click the ‘PDF to HTML’ button.
2. Select the PDF to convert to HTML.
3. Download the HTML file you just converted from PDF.
Add Text and Hyperlinks to Your HTML Document
1. Open the HTML document that you created earlier in this article. …
2. Type the following text into the document: …
3. To create a hyperlink, select the words “Microsoft Word” in the text that you typed.
4. On the Insert menu, click Hyperlink.
5. Save your changes to the document.
Why is my Word document not saving?
Microsoft Word 2016 won’t save documents – This issue can occur due to your add-ins. … Not able to save Word document to Desktop – Sometimes you might encounter permission problems while saving Word documents. This is usually caused by your antivirus, so be sure to check its settings or disable it.
Link to a file attachment
1. Open a PDF that contains a PDF file attachment.
2. Go to where you want to create a link. …
3. Choose Tools > Edit PDF > Link > Add or Edit, and select the area for the link.
4. In the Create Link dialog box, set the link appearance, select Go To A Page View, and then click Next.
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1 июн. 2020 г.
How do you embed a document?
Microsoft Word 2016
1. Open the first document.
2. Place the cursor where you want the second document to be inserted.
3. From the Insert tab, Text group, click on the down arrow next to Object and choose Text from file.
4. Select the file to be inserted.
5. Click on Insert.
Method 1 of 3: Using Google Drive
1. Click NEW. It’s in the upper-left side of the page. …
2. Click File upload. …
3. Select your MP3 file. …
4. Click Open. …
5. Double-click the MP3 file in Google Drive. …
6. Click ⋮. …
7. Click Share. …
8. Click the heading “Get Link.” The bottom part of the window will expand to display the link and permissions.
How do I turn a URL into HTML code?
Fill the related fields for generate your URL to HTML Hyperlink code and click on “Convert URL to HTML Hyperlink” button. After you have generated HTML code, you can simply click on “Copy to Clipboard” or select all converted text and press “Control-C” to copy, and then “Control-V” to paste it back into your document.
HTML5 Robot
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Economic performance of long-term organic and conventional cropping systems in Minnesota
Timothy A. Delbridge, Jeffrey A. Coulter, Robert P. King, Craig C. Sheaffer, Donald L. Wyse
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
24 Scopus citations
Long-term crop rotation studies enable economic analyses that include a more complete representation of possible profit outcomes than do experiments of shorter duration. The objective of this study was to compare the profitability and risk of organic input (OI) and chemical input (CI) 4-yr corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-oat (Avena sativa L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa crop rotations with a CI 2-yr corn-soybean rotation using yield and management data from an 18-yr experiment in southwestern Minnesota. Estimated production costs were matched with trial yields and commodity prices to calculate a distribution of net returns for each crop rotation. Cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) were constructed and compared using stochastic dominance. Average production costs for the CI 2-yr rotation were higher than those for the CI and OI 4-yr rotations ($488 ha -1, $405 ha -1, and $409 ha -1, respectively) though the OI rotation had higher machinery costs. The average net return for the CI 2-yr rotation was the highest of the three rotations analyzed when no organic price premiums were considered. However, when organic price premiums were applied, the average net return of the OI rotation was considerably larger than that of the CI 4-yr and 2-yr rotations ($1329 ha -1, $675 ha -1, and $846 ha -1, respectively), and the OI rotation was stochastically dominant to both CI rotations at all levels of risk aversion.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1372-1382
Number of pages11
JournalAgronomy Journal
Issue number5
StatePublished - Sep 1 2011
Dive into the research topics of 'Economic performance of long-term organic and conventional cropping systems in Minnesota'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Hybrid Computer – Definition, Types, Examples, Advantages
This article describes one of the most dynamic types of computers, the hybrid computer.
A hybrid computer is a computer that has both analog and digital capabilities. An analog computer is a computer that processes continuous numerical data and logical operations, and a digital computer is a computer that processes both numerical and non-numerical data and processes complex mathematical calculations. Hybrid computers use the qualities of both analog and digital computers, resulting in higher accuracy and faster processing.
Hybrid Computer-Definition, Type, Example, Benefits
Analog computers perform complex mathematical calculations very quickly, but they are not accurate during the processing of information. Digital computers handle the precision of values, but they are very slow while performing calculations. We have achieved the goal of combining the quality of both of these computers into a single computer, called a hybrid computer, for fast and accurate processing at the same time.
The first hybrid computer was designed by Packard Bell in 1961 and named HYCOM P250.
1. Large electronic hybrid computer: These computers can solve complex mathematical formulas.
2. General-purpose hybrid computer: These computers help you perform many tasks at the same time and solve a variety of problems.
3. Special purpose hybrid computer: These computers are used to solve certain types of problems.
1. Provides the functionality of both analog and digital computers.
2. Returns accurate results at a fast pace.
3. Helps you solve complex formulas efficiently.
Real application
1. Used in various medical devices such as CT scans, ultrasound devices, electrocardiograms, and echocardiography.
2. Used in hospitals – in ICU.
3. Used to measure heart rate.
4. Used in gasoline pumps.
5. Scientific calculation.
6. Convert the signal on your mobile phone.
It’s all about hybrid computers. These computers are very useful for performing complex calculations and generating accurate data in large organizations.
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Radeon ProRender
Motion Blur
In photography, motion blur is an effect caused by objects moving during the camera exposure time. A high objects’ or camera speed, or long exposure time leads to a “smearing” effect of the object in the image.
AMD Radeon ProRender allows you to simulate the motion blur effect in animations. By default, an animated scene is rendered as a sequence of still images that do not convey the sense of speed for rapidly moving objects. In animation renders, this can appear jumpy since objects move between frames. With motion blur, objects appear smeared in the direction of motion, adding to a more realistic appearance, especially when playing an animation.
Download the above scene (mb.zip)
Motion blur applies to objects transformation (move), and is not supported for deformation animations, camera animations and particle animations.
In AMD Radeon ProRender, motion blur can be enabled on a per-scene, per-camera or per-object basis. When enabled at the scene level, motion blur applies to all objects in the scene. You can also enable motion blur for a moving camera, or per-object. The latter option might be useful if some objects in the scene only move slightly or stay still, giving no sense of motion, while others are moving fast.
Enabling Motion Blur
To enable the motion blur for production render:
1. Open the Render Settings window and make sure that AMD Radeon ProRender is set as the active render engine in Maya.
For details, see Switching to Radeon ProRender for Maya.
2. In the Render Settings window, switch to the Effects tab.
3. Expand the Motion Blur section.
4. Set the Camera Exposure value to describe the intensity of motion blur.
5. To configure motion blur setting for the final render:
1. In the Final Render section, select the Enable check box.
2. To enable motion blur for a moving camera, select the Camera motion blur option.
6. To keep information about motion blur in the Velocity render pass, select the Motion blur only in Velocity AOV option.
Enabling this option keeps motion details encoded in the Velocity pass. At the same time, motion blur is removed from other passes, such as the Color pass, which can significantly increase the render speed.
7. To enable motion blur for the viewport, in the Viewport Render section, select the Enable check box.
When enabled, motion blur is applied to all objects in the scene. You can disable motion blur for specific objects using Maya Render Stats object settings.
Camera Exposure
The Camera Exposure parameter controls the length of the motion blur trail. It corresponds to the virtual camera’s shutter being open for some fraction of the frame time.
The value range is 0 to 1, assuming that 0 is equivalent to no frame length, 0.5 is equivalent to half frame length, and 1 is equivalent to full frame length.
Greater values accentuate motion blur and produce longer blur trails simulating greater speed, while smaller values increase the sharpness of the image and make the effect less apparent. Setting the Camera Exposure value to 0 produces no blur at all and can be used to freeze an instant in time with no trace of motion.
Camera exposure: 0, no blur
Camera exposure: 0.5
Camera exposure: 1
Download the above scene (mb.zip)
Consider a few notes regarding motion blur:
• Greater camera exposure values produce more blur but result in more noise. You might need to increase the number of samples to reduce the amount of noise in the blurred regions.
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Grammarly Quote Within Sentence Question Mark And Comma | MHP
Looking for Grammarly Quote Within Sentence Question Mark And Comma?…
Grammarly supplies you with an English grammar and spelling checker, composing style checker, writing sample, and a grammar and spelling checker. With these 4 tools, you can quickly and quickly fix potential concerns in your English composing and enhance your grammar and spelling. The reason why this writing app has such an essential function for many authors is due to the fact that it permits you to rapidly fix issues in your writing and ensures that your sentences are devoid of grammar and spelling errors.
Unlike other NLP-based systems, Grammarly takes a much more in-depth approach to finding grammar and spelling mistakes. Their technology is consisted of a variety of various systems that use Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to suggest new ideas to users about spelling and grammar. For example, if you have grammar and spelling issues in a file, the Grammarly software will recommend possible fixes by suggesting alternative words and phrases.
A few of the suggested repairs in the Grammarly application include changing prepositions and names to fit a more standard English syntax. In addition, you might be able to eliminate some bothersome words such as “the” or “a”, and replace them with “they” or “it”. The primary drawback to Grammarly nevertheless, is that it just works for English sentences. It does not recognize written French sentences nor does it recognize Italian ones.
By acquiring the premium variation of the Grammarly editor, you can immediately download the entire suite of desktop apps in one go. This makes the whole process of learning how to remedy your grammar and spelling far more structured. The majority of the features within the Grammarly editor also come built-in within the desktop app, consisting of the suggestion center pointed out above. You can even import files from your data processing file or thesaurus, which will enable you to generate extra examples and referral guides from elsewhere.
Overall, the Grammarly desktop app is truly beneficial for enhancing your grammar and spelling abilities when you compose on the web or when composing simple documents or e-mails. If you want to be successful at composing in any other language, then you require to invest in a language learning software that provides you a broader range of language choices. Grammarly Quote Within Sentence Question Mark And Comma
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Volume > Issue > A Case Against "Inclusive Language"
A Case Against “Inclusive Language”
By Kristen West McGuire | January/February 1997
Kristen West McGuire is a full-time mother and a writer in southern California. She is the author of The Glory to Be Revealed in You: A Spiritual Companion to Pregnancy.
The debate over “inclusive language” rages on. The average parishioner may not follow the volleys back and forth. I confess that I am not your average parishioner. My background includes preparation for ordination in the United Methodist Church, followed by conversion to the Catholic Church. But I am not the only Catholic who has noted inclusive language being used in the local parish where it has not been approved.
As a Protestant seminarian, I used inclusive language regularly because it was expected by my professors. I often found it awkward and imprecise. At the same time, I am no stranger to gender bias. I have been hurt deeply over the years by disrespect for my intelligence and contributions as a woman. Yet, I question what end is furthered by the use of inclusive language. There are some solid theological limits to the use of inclusive language. Furthermore, the spiritual shortcomings of inclusive language stop me dead in my tracks.
Most supporters of inclusive language say they are motivated by pastoral concerns. They want the Church to communicate the good news about Jesus “effectively.” They believe inclusive language reaches women. Their opponents remind us that our religion is gender-specific. For example, Christ walked the earth as a male. Our understanding of both Christ and the Church are centered in this fact.
Speakers of Latin-based languages are generally bemused about our preoccupation with translation. Pronouns in these tongues clearly indicate the masculine and feminine, singular and plural. English does not. This peculiarity of English forces us to “choose a gender” when translating passages about individuals or groups of people. Traditionally, the gender chosen has been male. This is no longer always true. The changing role of women in society has forced many linguistic changes in the last 30 years. But the heavy-handed imposition of inclusive language can actually impede communication and obscure the revealed truth about God.
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Caliber - Pounds As A Measure of Cannon Bore
Pounds As A Measure of Cannon Bore
Smoothbore cannon and carronade bores are designated by the weight in Imperial pounds of round solid iron shot of diameter to fit the bore. Standard sizes are 6, 12, 18, 24, 32 and 42 pounds, with some 68 pound weapons, and other nonstandard weapons using the same scheme. See Carronade#Ordnance.
From about the middle of the 17th century until the middle of the 19th century, measurement of the bore of large gunpowder weapons was usually expressed as the weight of its iron shot in pounds. Iron shot was used as the standard reference because iron was the most common material used for artillery ammunition during that period and solid spherical shot the most common form encountered. Artillery was classified thereby into standard categories, with 3 pounders (pdr.), 4 pdr., 6 pdr., 8 pdr., 9 pdr, 12 pdr, 18 pdr., 24 pdr. and 32 pdr. being the most common sizes encountered; although larger, smaller and intermediate sizes existed.
However, in practice there was significant variation in the actual mass of the projectile for a given nominal shot weight. The country of manufacture is a significant consideration when determining bore diameters. For example, the French livre, until 1812, had a mass of 489.5 g whilst the contemporary English (Avoirdupois) pound massed approximately 454 g. Thus, a French 32 pdr. at the Battle of Trafalgar threw a shot with 1.138 kg more mass than an English 32 pdr.
Complicating matters further, muzzle loaded weapons require a significant gap between the sides of the tube bore and the surface of the shot. This is necessary so that the projectile may be inserted from the mouth to the base of the tube and seated securely adjacent the propellant charge with relative ease. The gap, called windage, increases the size of the bore with respect to the diameter of the shot somewhere between 10% and 20% depending upon the year the tube was cast and the foundry responsible.
English gun classes c. 1800
gun class (pdr.) shot diameter (cm) shot volume (cm3) approx. service bore (cm) mass of projectile (kg)
2 6.04 172.76 6.64 0.90846
3 6.91 172.76 7.60 1.36028
4 7.60 230.30 8.37 1.81339
6 8.71 345.39 9.58 2.71957
9 10.00 518.28 11.00 4.08091
12 10.97 691.22 12.07 5.44269
18 12.56 1036.96 13.81 8.16499
24 13.82 1382.65 15.20 10.88696
32 15.21 1843.50 16.73 14.51572
64 19.17 3686.90 21.08 29.03063
The relationship between bore diameter and projectile weight was severed following the widespread adoption of rifled weapons during the latter part of the 19th century. While guns continued to be classed by the weight of their projectile into the middle of the 20th century, particularly in British service, this value no longer had any relation to the bore diameter as the projectiles themselves were no longer simple spheres and in any case were now more often hollow shells with explosive fillings rather than solid iron shot.
Read more about this topic: Caliber
Famous quotes containing the words bore, cannon, pounds and/or measure:
If from the earth we came, it was an earth
That bore us as a part of all the things
It breeds and that was lewder than it is.
Our nature is her nature. Hence it comes,
Since by our nature we grow old, earth grows
The same. We parallel the mother’s death.
Wallace Stevens (1879–1955)
We may say that feelings have two kinds of intensity. One is the intensity of the feeling itself, by which loud sounds are distinguished from faint ones, luminous colors from dark ones, highly chromatic colors from almost neutral tints, etc. The other is the intensity of consciousness that lays hold of the feeling, which makes the ticking of a watch actually heard infinitely more vivid than a cannon shot remembered to have been heard a few minutes ago.
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)
When I was one-and-twenty
I heard a wise man say,
“Give crowns and pounds and guineas
But not your heart away;
—A.E. (Alfred Edward)
With us justice is the true measure of religion.
Marcus Minucius Felix (2nd or 3rd cen. A.D.)
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Your Problem Our Solution
Tag: rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER- Center-Tapped and Bridge Rectifier
welcome to this article, In this article, we are going to learn about FULL WAVE RECTIFIER- Center-Tapped and Bridge Rectifier as we Learned about Half-wave rectifiers previously.
Today we are going to study about Full Wave rectifier and their types. so before going to start let me tell you if you have not learned my article on Half Wave rectifier so you must check out that you will understand the basics of rectifiers circuits. so let’s get started.
What is Rectifier Circuit?
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A rectifier circuit is that circuit which performs conversion of AC voltages to DC Pulsating Voltages. So how this Rectifier Circuit Works? I mean how the Full Wave Rectifier circuits work? and why we use Full Wave Rectifier circuits? let’s start our discussion.
A Half-Wave rectifier has very few applications, But the full wave rectifier is the most commonly used rectifier. why is it so? it is because it is mostly used in every type of dc power supplies.
In this section, you will use the same concepts that you learned previously in half-wave rectification article, we will take that concept and expand it to full-wave rectifier working. You will learn about two types of full wave rectifiers.
1. Center-Tapped Full Wave Rectifier.
2. Bridge Full Wave Rectifier.
Working of Full Wave Rectifier:
A Full Wave rectifier allows current in unidirectional (one-way) through the load during the entire of the input cycle, whereas a half-wave rectifier allows current through the load only during one-half of the cycle.
The result of full-wave rectification is an output voltage with a frequency twice the input frequency and that pulsates every half-cycle of the input, as shown in given picture below.
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Full wave rectifier block diagram
The number of +ve alternations that make up the full wave rectified voltage is twice that of the half-wave voltage for the same time interval. The average value, which is the value measured on a dc voltmeter, for a full-wave rectified sinusoidal voltage is twice that of the half-wave, as shown in the following formula:
Full Wave rectifier output voltage
Working of Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier
A Center-Tapped rectifier is a type of full wave rectifier that uses two diodes connected to the secondary of a center tapped transformer, as shown in Figure given below. A Centre Tapped Transformer is one whose secondary number of turns are grounded to provide two isolate circuits in secondary of Transformer.
Mostly the Word Centre Tapped is used whenever the circuit is grounded in its center. The input voltage of Centre Tapped Full Wave Rectifier is coupled through the transformer to the center-tapped secondary. Half of the total secondary voltage appears between the center tap and each end of the secondary number of turns as shown in given figure.
Center Tapped Full wave rectifier
For a positive half-cycle of the input voltage:
The polarities of the secondary voltages are as shown in Figure (a). This makes forward-biases diode D1 and reverse-biases diode D2. The path for current is through Diode 1 and the load resistor, as indicated.
For a negative half-cycle of the input voltage:
The voltage polarities on the secondary are as shown in Figure (b). This makes reverse-biases D1 and forward-biases D2. The current path is through D2 and RL, as indicated. Because the output current during both the positive and negative portions of the input cycle is in the same direction through the load, the output voltage developed across the load resistor is a full-wave rectified dc voltage, as shown below.
Center Tapped Full wave rectifier
Read More: What is the Duty Cycle?
Effect of the Turns Ratio on the Output Voltage
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The output voltage of a center-tapped full-wave rectifier is always one-half of the total secondary voltage less the diode drop, no matter what the turns ratio.output voltage of Center Tapped Full wave rectifier
Peak Inverse Voltage
PIV for Center Tapped Full wave rectifier
Each diode in the full-wave rectifier is continuously changing from forward-biased and then reverse-biased. The maximum reverse voltage that a diode can handle is the peak secondary voltage Vp(sec). The peak inverse voltage across either diode in a full-wave center tapped rectifier is:
PIV for Center Tapped Full wave rectifier
Working of Bridge Full Wave Rectifier
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The bridge rectifier is a best full wave rectifier which uses four diodes that connected as shown in Figure below. When the input cycle is in going for positive alternation as shown in part (a), the diodes D1 and D2 are in forward-biased and they conduct current in the direction as shown.
A voltage is generated across Load Resistor that looks like the +ve half of the I/P cycle. During this period of duration, diodes D3 and D4 are reverse-biased.
When the input cycle of bridge full wave rectifier is going in the negative cycle as in (b), the diodes D3 and D4 are also going in forward bias and they conduct current in the same direction through Load Resistor as during the +ve half-cycle.
when the negative half-cycle is coming for the diode, D1 and D2 are going in reverse-biased. A full-wave rectified output voltage appears across RL as a result of this action.
Bridge Full Wave Rectifier operation
Bridge full wave rectifier Output Voltage
A bridge rectifier with a transformer-coupled input is shown in (a). During the +ve half-cycle of the secondary voltage, diodes D1 and D2 are forward biased. we are neglecting diode drop here.
The same is true when D3 and D4 are forward-biased during the negative half-cycle.
output voltage of Bridge Full Wave Rectifier
As you can see in Figure (b), two diodes are always in series with the RL during +ve and -ve half-cycles. If these diode drops are taken into account, the output voltage is.
output voltage of Bridge Full Wave Rectifier
Bridge Full Wave Rectifier circuit
Peak Inverse Voltage for Bridge Full Wave Rectifier
Since the output voltage is ideally equal to the secondary voltage, If the diode drops of the forward-biased diodes are included as shown in Figure 2–40(b), the peak inverse voltage across each reverse-biased diode in terms of Vp(out) is
PIV of Bridge Full Wave Rectifier
The Peak Inverse Voltage rating for Bridge Full wave rectifier’s diodes is less than that required for the center-tapped configuration.
If we neglect the diode drop, the bridge rectifier requires diodes with half the PIV rating of those in a center-tapped rectifier for the same output voltage.
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Bridge Full Wave Rectifier
This was all about for FULL WAVE RECTIFIER Center-Tapped and Bridge Rectifier if you like this article then appreciate our efforts by doing comment thanks for visiting. check daily for more best articles relative studies and technology.
Also Read:
1. A Detailed article on What is PN Junction Diode, Characteristics and Applications.
2. Well Explained Zener Diode Operations and Characteristics.
3. What is LED- How Light Emitting Diode Works?
4. What is Photo-diode- How it works?
5. Game Changer Tunnel Diode, Working and its Operations.
6. What is Varactor Diode, How it works?
7. What is Diode Clipper and How they work?
8. What is Diode Clamper Circuits and How they Work?
Diode Clamper- Positive, Negative Clamper Working and Applications
This article is based on the diode clamper circuit, working of positive and negative clamper circuits and the applications of clamper circuits using different waveforms and circuit.
In our earlier articles, we learn about diodes and the working of diodes and the applications of the diode as half wave rectifier, full wave rectifier, clipper circuits. And in this article, we are moving forward to learn about the clamper circuit and their working.
What is the Diode Clamper?
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A Diode Clamper (DC restorer) is a circuit which changes the dc reference of an ac signal. Basically, a clamping diode circuit(or a clamper) essentially adds a d.c. component of the ac signal.
In Diode Clampers it is important to understand that the shape of the original signal is same it is not changed in the output just the reference of waveform is shifted vertically, this is achieved with clamper circuit.
There are two types of Clamper Diode circuits:
1. Positive Clamper Circuit
2. Negative Clamper Circuit
Positive Diode Clamper:
If a vertical shift is achieved in Positive direction i.e. if the signal is pushed up so that the negative peaks falls on the zero level then the clamper is called a positive diode clamper.
Negative Diode Clamper:
The negative Diode clamper does the reverse i.e. it pushes the signal downwards so that the positive peaks fall on the zero level.
The following point is important to understand in Diode Clampers:
The clamping circuit does not change the peak-to-peak or r.m.s. value of the waveform. If you measure the input voltage and clamped output with an a.c. voltmeter, the readings will be the same.
Working of Positive Diode Clamper:
To understand the working of positive diode clamper we are applying negative half cycle of the input voltage. When the negative input voltage is applied, the diode is forward biased, allowing the capacitor to charge to almost the peak of the input (Vp(in)-0.7). shown in fig (a).
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Positive clamper During negative cycle
Positive Clamper Circuit Diagram
Just after the negative cycle, the diode is reverse bias and capacitor which was charged during the negative cycle that has to now discharge. Which means all the voltage will be summed producing double of Vp(in) at load. Here the amplitude is same just output is clamped. i.e if input Vp was 5v then the clamped output is nearly 10 practically (10-0.7), as shown in fig (b).
Positive Clamper Output
Working of Negative Diode Clamper:
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Reverse the diode and apply positive half cycle first, during positive half cycle of input the diode is forward bias and the capacitor is charging up to (Vp(in)-0.7) after the positive cycle when a negative cycle of input is received the diode is reverse bias which means the charged capacitor has to discharge so the voltage will be summed (vp+vc1) and the summed voltage will appear at output (Load resistor).
Hence such type of clamper is known as Negative Diode Clamper which clamps or pushes the output waveform downwards to the reference.
Negative Clamper Circuit
Negative Clamper Circuit
Negative Clamper Output
Negative Clamper Output
Also Read: Difference Between Clipper and Clamper
Video of Clamper Diode Circuit:
Applications of Diode Clamper Circuit:
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1. Clampers are mostly used in test equipment, sonar, and radar systems.
2. They are widely used for their common application of voltage doubles or voltage multipliers.
3. Clampers are mostly used for removing the distortions
4. In the transmitting and receiving circuitry of television a clamper is used to stabilize to define sections of the luminance signals to preset levels.
5. Clampers are used to provide protection to the amplifiers from large errant signals.
6. They are commonly used for the analysis of synchronized signals from the composite visual signals.
This all about Diode Clamper- Positive, Negative Diode Clamper Working Circuits, If you get the concept and learned something new today then do not forget to leave a comment for us and share our work with your friends’ thanks a lot.
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UCL News
Opinion: AI in education will help us understand how we think
11 March 2020
Professor Rose Luckin (UCL Knowledge Lab) writes in the Financial Times, saying robot teachers are just the start of an evolving relationship with artificial intelligence and education.
Forget robot teachers, adaptive intelligent tutors and smart essay marking software — these are not the future of artificial intelligence in education but merely a step along the way. The real power that AI brings to education is connecting our learning intelligently to make us smarter in the way we understand ourselves, the world and how we teach and learn. For the first time we will be able to extend, develop and measure the complexity of human intelligence — an intellect that is more sophisticated than any AI. This will revolutionise the way we think about human intelligence.
We take much of our intelligence for granted. For example, when travelling to an unfamiliar country, I recognise a slight anxiety when ordering food in a foreign language and feel the pleasure when my meal arrives as requested. It Is only when we attempt to automate these kinds of activities that we realise how much intelligence they require. Such a future will not be easy or uncontroversial. We need to confront the possible harm that such a pervasive, connected intelligence infrastructure could permit when misused or abused.
However, if we get the ethics right, the intelligence infrastructure will power our learning needs, both with and without technology. Just as electricity invisibly powers lighting, computers and the internet, so it shall be for AI in education. For example, secondary school students explain to a friend how much they understand about photosynthesis. The way they articulate their explanation can be captured and analysed, and each student offered an immersive augmented reality experience that targets their misconceptions.
The analysis of each student’s performance is available to the teacher, who can encourage them to listen to a recording of their original explanation and identify corrections. Students can then predict how well they are now explaining photosynthesis and the accuracy of their predictions could be used to stimulate conversations between student and teacher. We will be able to tap into, evaluate and galvanise our meta-intelligence: the ability to probe, reflect upon, control and understand our intelligence. We will be able to gauge our ability to deal with complex situations to differentiate our human intelligence from that of AI as we build the social relationships that are the foundation of civil society.
How do we build this intelligence infrastructure for education? Through the integration of big data about human behaviour, deep learning algorithms and our own intelligence to interpret what the algorithms tell us. We must leverage the science that has helped us to understand how humans learn, as well as the science that has helped us build machines that learn. For example, explaining and articulating our developing knowledge makes reflection and metacognition possible so that we can examine and monitor our learning processes. Metacognition in turn helps us to understand things more deeply.
The implications are significant. We can collect and analyse huge amounts of data about how we move, what we say and how we speak, where we look, what problems we can and cannot solve and which questions we can answer. The processing and AI-enabled analysis of multimodal data such as this will highlight more about our progress than how much better we understand science, maths, history or foreign languages.
It will show us how well we work with other people, how resilient, self-aware, motivated and self-effective we are. Sound ethical frameworks, regulation and education about AI are essential if we are to minimise the risks and reap the benefits. Embrace today’s educational AI systems judiciously. Use them to learn as much as possible about AI. But remember that today’s AI is merely the start. The future is the use of AI to build the intelligence infrastructure to radically reform the way we value our own human intelligence.
Rose Luckin is a UCL professor, co-founder of the Institute for Ethical AI in Education, and author of ‘Machine Learning and Human Intelligence: the future of education in the 21st century’
This article was originally published in the Financial Times on 10 March, 2020
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Question: Whats Wahala mean?
Wahala. Wahala means Trouble, and its meaning can change depending on context. When someone says No wahala, they could mean Yes or No problem. The flip side is Wahala dey o, meaning there is a problem.
What language is Wahala?
noun ; Affliction, trouble or tribulation Wahala is a word that has been used in both the Yoruba and Hausa language for a very long period of time. These two languages are very distinct and are spoken in completely different regions of Nigeria.
Is Wahala a Yoruba word?
Wahala. Well, this isnt just a Yoruba word by way of Hausa; its made its way into most Nigerian languages—and into West African Pidgin English. It means “trouble.” Its derived from the Arabic “wahla,” which means “fright,” “terror.”
What is No Wahala meaning?
”No wahala” is the pidgin expression used for confirmation or approval. When someone says “No wahala”, it could mean “Yes” or “No problem”. When you want to say “No” then this word alone will do. “Wahala” on its own means ”trouble”, similar to the way the word bacchanal is used in the Caribbean.
How do you say hello in pidgin English?
Usually pronounced “har fa”. “How far?” is the most common way to say “hello” in Nigerian pidgin…. When you are not sure how to greet somebody, it is always appropriate to say “Kóyo ”.
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Isotope transitions smooth
Smooth transitions isotope
Add: awovu94 - Date: 2020-12-13 15:14:32 - Views: 2421 - Clicks: 7264
A notable exception is the sharp decrease by 1 MeV of the energy off-set parameter Δ p beyond neutron number 56. A nuclide is a species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, for example carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons. Variations in stable isotopic abundances are usually isotope transitions smooth less than 1 percent, but they can be larger. We developed an MS-based method to determine kinetic isotope effects and binding isotope effects on protein lysine methyltransferase SET8-catalyzed monomethylation. 03s&39;, or as a number in milliseconds, 30. I&39;m trying to deactivate the css transitions of the height and width of items when filtered out using isotope.
The efficiency, intensity and dose rate of bremsstrahlung induced by beta isotopes of natural uranium-238 decay series and beta-emitting lead isotopes in human tissues such as brain, breast, isotope transitions smooth heart. Due to advances in accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) a small sample. Likewise, uranium-235 (U-235) — with its 704 million-year half-life — transitions into lead-207 (Pb-207), another stable isotope.
The potential energy surfaces show smooth transition from vibrational-like isotope transitions smooth to gamma-soft and finally to rotational-like nu-clei. This will be acheived with the span we created previously, all we need now is the styling. So, just having items fade out or in, and move about - no scaling. and Wrzesiński, J. Upon the formation of the S -adenosyl-l-methionine–SET8–histone 4 lysine 20 intermediate. isotope is given for elements without a stable nuclide.
In this 30 minute webinar, he will share his experience including early concerns, elements isotope transitions smooth critical to his successful, smooth transition and early results. and Lauritsen, T. By announcing to the class before making a transition, you allow them time to get ready. Depending on what you are doing this could be five minutes in advance for a large activity or just 60 seconds for a math page. Taylor’s team’s case management and procedural processes up front, the practice required zero changes to their ordering and logistics process. : It isotope transitions smooth works fine on filter but the code does not work while applying sort functionality. The first scientists to measure atomic mass were John Dalton (between 18) and Jons Jacoband isotope transitions smooth Berzelius (between 18).
Deuterium Isotope Effects for Probing Aspects of isotope transitions smooth the Interaction of H–H and C–H Bonds with Transition Metals isotope transitions smooth Introduction. Wenz et al-Bibliography on experimental optical isotope shifts 1918 through October 1976 K. stagger: 30 // stagger item transitions 30ms after one another. and Carpenter, M. So isotope transitions smooth 1 u is 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 isotope: 1 u = 1 Da = m(12 C)/12.
More isotope transitions smooth Isotope Transitions Smooth images. Note that the filtering transitions aren&39;t smooth, as display: none is applied. Isotopic fractionation, enrichment of one isotope relative to another in a chemical or physical process. Here are ten tips on isotope transitions smooth how to build smooth transitions into your classroom routine. Isotope definition, any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or different atomic weights. With the advent of rare isotope pro-. Differences in nuclear charge radii have been determined for neutron deficient isotopes 90,91Mo and neutron rich isotopes 102–106,108Mo (and all stable isotopes). Decay-level schemes include all levels established in radioactive decay studies.
As an example, when U-238 decays into Th-234, the uranium atom is the parent isotope, while the thorium atom is the daughter isotope. Set as a CSS time format, &39;0. Two isotopes of an element are different in weight but not in gross chemical properties, which are determined by the number of electrons.
1 Introduction Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are qualitative changes in the structure of a physical system induced by a change isotope transitions smooth in one or more parameters that appear in the quantum Hamiltonian describing the. Compared with optical transitions, the isotope transitions smooth interpretation of shifts in x-ray transitions is simpler but unfortunately their measurement with precision is not. The specific mass of each atom will affect the reduced mass of the overall molecule, therefore changing the vibrational frequencies of that molecule. These parameters, coupled with steady-state kinetics and molecular modeling, outlined the reaction path of SET8-catalyzed methylation. Staggering e ectle, has isotope transitions smooth been observed between the positive and negative parity states in palladium isotopes. We&39;ve also added some CSS3 transitions to allow a smooth hover effect. Isotopes are atoms that share the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons contained in the nucleus, thus giving these atoms different mass numbers. Nuclides marked with an asterisk (*) in the abundance column indicate that isotope transitions smooth it is not present in nature or that a meaningful natural abundance cannot be given.
The initial isotope is called the parent isotope, while the atoms produced by the reaction are called daughter isotopes. Keys need to be quoted, for example "itemSelector":. Heilig-Erratum: isotope transitions smooth Line broadening of the 3-2 laser transitions of neon. The transition-timing-function property specifies the speed curve of the transition effect.
The specific adaptation to Opera is the use of -o-transition: color 0 ease-in; which targets the same property as specified in the other transition rules, but sets the transition time to 0, which effectively prevents the transition from being noticeable. A smooth transition in the mean. Options set in HTML must be valid JSON.
smooth transition from vibrational-like to gamma-soft and finally to rotational-like nu-clei. Staggering effectle, has been observed between the positive and negative parity states in palladium isotopes. Note the HTML attribute data-isotope is set with single quotes &39;, but JSON entities use double-quotes ". The last thing to do for the portfolio is to add the hover state. While in Sr and Zr isotopes the steep behavior observed in the isotopic dependence of the charge radii is a consequence of isotope transitions smooth a sharp prolate–oblate transition, the smooth behavior found in Mo isotopes isotope transitions smooth has its origin in an emergent region of triaxiality. KEY WORDS: Quantum shape-phase transitions, configuration-crossing, inter-acting boson model with configuration mixing, Zr isotopes. The transition and post-transition metals, which include the elements in Groups 3–12 isotope transitions smooth of the Periodic Table, have a broad range of geological and biological roles isotope transitions smooth as well as industrial applications and thus are widespread in the environment.
Isotope Shifts and Hyperfine Structure in the Atomic Spectrum of Tin W R Hindmarsh and H Kuhn-Recent citations Subshell effect in mean square charge radii of stable even cadmium isotopes R. The nuclide concept (referring to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over chemical properties, whereas the isotope concept (grouping all atoms isotope transitions smooth of each element) emphasizes chemical over nuclear. Staggers item transitions, so items isotope transitions smooth transition incrementally after one another.
Bernard Taylor made the switch isotope transitions smooth to Cesium as his isotope of choice for isotope transitions smooth prostate brachytherapy. The isotope transitions smooth transition-timing-function property can have the following values: isotope transitions smooth ease - specifies a transition effect with a slow start, then fast, then end slowly (this is default) linear - specifies a transition effect with the same speed from start to end. Uranium-238 (U-238), the element&39;s most common isotope, has a half-life of about 4. To geologists, this is really useful information. The aim of this work is to calculate the energy levels and electromagnetic transitions probabilities B(E2) and B(M1), multipole mixing ratios and monopole isotope transitions smooth matrix elements in Kr isotopes, using the IBM-2, mixed symmetry states for these isotopes, and to compare the results with the experimental data. In addition, theoretical models have been developed to a degree where detailed comparisons are possible. Isotope - Isotope - Variations in isotopic abundances: Although isotopic abundances are fairly isotope transitions smooth constant throughout the solar system, variations do occur.
It processes the data as the following: After the peptide and protein identification, it reconstructs the smoothed single-ion chromatograms of the light- and heavy-isotope isotope transitions smooth peptides by Savitzky–Golay smooth filters. The schemes are separated into a &39;&39;decay-level&39;&39; scheme, showing levels and transitions observed in the decay of all parent isotopes and isomeric states, and a &39;&39;reaction&39;&39; scheme, summarizing the information derived from nuclear reaction studies. k H / k D) provides a useful means to ascertain details of the nature of the transition state for the rate determining step of a reaction that involves cleavage of an X–H bond. 1993, 565, 1-65 and G. Apart from some fluctuations due to the subshell closure at neutron number 56 (the filling by the neutrons of the 2 d5/2 orbital), the values of the parameters are a smooth function of neutron number and, in some cases, a constant.
In order to investigate stable isotopes from human and animal bones, a very small sample of bone is needed for the analysis. Give notice before it time to make isotope transitions smooth a change. Gradually, it will become lead-206 (Pb-206), which is stable. It is well known isotope transitions smooth that the measurement of kinetic deuterium isotope effects (i. Is there a way to fix that? The isotopic mass data is from G.
We&39;ll use an image and a black background with an alpha opacity of 70%. 1 Transition State Theory and Kinetic Isotope Effects Kinetic isotope effect measurements are powerful mechanistic probes. More than one type of daughter isotope may result. Figure 1 is a 2D representation of the vibrational normal modes associated with isotope transitions smooth the reactant and the transition state for a reaction, focusing on as an example the stretching vibration of a C-H bond. Whatever their size, they provide geologists and astronomers with valuable clues to the histories of the objects under study.
Bootstrap 4, smooth multiple filtering script. Staggers item transitions, isotope transitions smooth so items transition incrementally after one another. In an electronic, as opposed to a muonic, atom an x-ray transition can exhibit an isotope shift for the same reasons that an optical transition can. However, subtle chemical effects do result from the difference in mass isotope transitions smooth of isotopes. The agreement between theoretical predictions and exper-imental values are fairly good. Of all phase transitions in nuclear matter, the fragmentation phase transition is perhaps the one for which there is the best experimental evidence as of now.
The supplier’s role in a smooth, seamless transition Because Isoray studied Dr. Contribute to melihsahinkesen/filter development by creating an account on GitHub. Both units are derived from the carbon-12 isotope, as 12 u is the exact atomic mass of that isotope. Several different.
Isotope transitions smooth
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Can you add two transitions to video clip premiere - Easy effects
-> After effects automate trim paths
-> After effects gif settings transparent background encoder
Isotope transitions smooth - Time effects after
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Cupcake Moscato Wine
Cupcake Moscato Wine
Wine Type: White Wines
Varietal Type: Moscato
Country: Italy
Region: Tre Venezie Region
Winery: Cupcake Vineyards
Alcohol: 5.50%
Id: 73743
750 ml
In Stock
Cupcake Moscato Wine comes from Italy’s renowned Tre Venezie region where we found incredibly lush, flavorful grapes for this sweet, fruit-forward wine. Delicate floral aromas of jasmine, hibiscus and wildflowers complement the enticing flavors of melon, honeysuckle and orange blossom, leading to a refreshing, zesty finish. Enjoy as a summertime sipper paired with vanilla ice cream, yogurt granola parfait or strawberry cheesecake.
Personal Wine Cellar
Glenville’s and Scotia’s favorite Wine & Liquor Store
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Diamond Setting Types
One of the more popular and modern setting types used in eternity and wedding ring designs. Channel setting allows the use of a variety of diamonds; from brilliant and princess cut, to baguette and emerald cut stones. The diamonds are placed in a metal channel, side by side, and are secured by hammering the upper sides of the channel walls to ensure the diamonds are held tightly.
Bead setting is a used for small diamonds where a row of diamonds is being set. They are drilled and held onto the surface of the ring by small beads of metal. A chisel-like tool known as a ‘graver’ is used to push metal onto the ‘corners’ of the stone to secure it in place. Bead setting is a traditional way of setting smaller diamonds to achieve a softer, antique look.
Three stunning ladies diamond rings showing Pave, Tension, and Bead Setting.
When many small stones are set very closely together, covering a surface, this is known as ‘Pave’ – the French word meaning paved or cobblestoned. The diamonds are therefore paved into the surface of the ring through a combination of tapered holes and tiny beads of metal holding the stones in place and next to each other.
Claw settings, also known as prong settings, are one of the most popular ways of setting diamonds for engagement and wedding rings. A single large diamond on an engagement ring or multiple smaller diamonds on a wedding band are held by metal ‘claws’ to keep the diamond fixed into the metal. The size, shape and number of claws can vary, with each providing a different look.
Rubbed In
Also known as Burnish setting, Flush setting or Gypsy setting, a Rubbed in diamond appears recessed into the ring. Similar to Bead setting, it follows the same process of a stone being inserted into a space but instead of a ‘graver’ lifting beads of metal, the tool is used to push the metal around the stone. The stone therefore sits flush to the rings surface with a rubbed edge around it.
A unique and contemporary style of diamond setting in which a diamond is squeezed between two bars of metal that have been cut. This creates tension around the diamond and keeps it firmly gripped. Diamonds are ideal for this kind of setting, as their strength with withstand the impact and pressure created by the metal.
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Alternative History
East Asia
Great Qing
Korean Empire
Empire of Japan
Republic of Ezo
South East Asia
North Borneo
Kingdom of Siam
Indochinese Union
The Crown Colony of the Straits Settlements
German Philippines
Spanish Philippines
United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands
Philippine Republic
South Asia
British Raj
Emirate of Afghanistan
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Home WORLD Prospects for a post-democratic world | United States and Canada
Prospects for a post-democratic world | United States and Canada
The whole world may not have noticed, but as I write this article, in fact, since Donald Trump’s fiasco in the 2020 presidential election, the Republican Party has been actively working to destroy the foundations of democracy in the United States through Including-systematically restrict people’s voting rights.
The more Americans vote, the more reactionary white Republicans feel that the prospect of full democracy is threatened, and the more active they become in their efforts to suppress the will of the people.
Just two weeks ago, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell coordinated with his Republican colleagues to block the establishment of a bipartisan committee to investigate the opposition of a group of Trump supporters determined to overturn the results of the presidential election to the U.S. Congress on January 6. The attack on the building.
If this attempted coup took place in any other country, we would quickly classify it as a real situation-a violent attack by a peddler dictator on the democratic will of the people. However, in the United States, the vast institutions of the Republican Party are working at the state and federal levels to hide this atrocities and maintain democratic delusions.
The violent end of Trump’s presidency is the last sign. If anyone needs more signs, American democracy is dedicated to white people who believe in white supremacy. If these heavily armed and violent whites cannot do whatever they want, then they will burn the foundations of this country’s demand for democracy.
Mass suppression of voters
Similarly, Republicans are now actively participating in the formulation of voter suppression laws to prevent the majority of the population from having a say in their future. This is nothing more than a repetition of the Jim Crow laws that were implemented in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These laws were designed to prevent African Americans from exercising their hard-earned voting rights.
As shown in recent legislative cases in Texas, Republicans are also trying to make it easier for judges to overturn the results of the election-this is Trump and his corrupt lawyer led by former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani The gang tried but failed after Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election.
In short, Republicans are making sure that only white Americans, or more accurately, white supremacist Republicans can vote. Moreover, if anyone else manages to pass and vote in large numbers, they hope to cancel the result.
This is the status quo of the so-called “world’s oldest democracy”.
The Republican Party’s racist attack on American democratic norms is not limited to voting rights—it also extends to immigration laws. Republicans across the country are working overtime, making it particularly difficult for Hispanic immigrants to become American citizens because they tend to vote for Democrats with an overwhelming majority.
Of course, it is not only Republicans who are responsible for the regrettable status quo of American democracy. Countless influential politicians, blacks and whites, Republicans and Democrats, have long been buried in the pockets of predatory billionaires and partners. Barack Obama, the first black president of the United States, is one of them. These billionaires and multi-billion dollar companies seem to respect the democratic will of Americans as long as the candidates they choose are loyal to their power.
Democratic leaders, such as Chuck Schumer and Nancy Pelosi, position themselves as champions of democracy, and they are seeking to expand and protect the voting rights of all Americans. But their protest is meaningless. The corruption of the Democratic Party is part of the problem here. Yes, they protested the looting of the Capitol by white supremacist mobs on January 6, but they remained silent about the fact that long before and long after that decisive day, the U.S. Capitol has been and will continue to be attacked by shaves and Lobbyists and promoters in suits. No one saw it, no one reported it, and no one opposed the regular attacks on Capitol Hill. This is an indispensable part of the daily and daily life of American politics.
Therefore, the systemic collapse of American democracy began long before the white supremacist Republicans began their latest and perhaps the most insidious attacks on American voting rights.
However, the current state of affairs in the United States is very worrying-not only for Americans, but also for people around the world.
The illusion of democracy
People should neither exaggerate nor underestimate the disastrous consequences of developments in the United States on the entire world.
For a long time, many people around the world have regarded the United States as the leading model of democratic governance, and they can seek guidance and aspirations. Therefore, the systemic collapse of American democracy has laid the foundation for the prospect of a post-democratic world—a country without a well-functioning democratic model for reference. When “the oldest democracy in the world” falls, where will the struggle for democratic rule on a global scale go?
Of course, the United States has never been a truly ideal democratic model. A country built on the genocide of indigenous peoples, maintained in the cruel process of slavery in Africa, and endured by the mainstream white supremacy ideology before and after the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement, it is almost impossible to become a democracy for anyone Governance model.
But despite this, at the core of this republic, the fragile democratic aspirations have been fighting for survival. African-Americans who were previously enslaved desperately fought for and won the right to vote-paying great sacrifices and carrying out a merciless attack on their humanity. After decades of indomitable struggle, black Americans passed the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1870 and won the right to vote.
Yes, the 15th Amendment did theoretically give African Americans the right to vote, but soon the Jim Crow Act ensured that these rights were still fictitious and not effectively implemented. Voter intimidation, murder, and chaos systematically prevented blacks from going anywhere near the polling station. Today, the descendants of those very racist Southerners are doing their best to prevent African Americans and other communities that have been deprived of their rights from expressing opinions about their future.
The world is at a loss
The situation in the United States is not optimistic. More destructive than the Republican Party’s restrictions on voting rights or whitewashing of the January 6 coup attempt are conspiracy theories. These conspiracy theories continue to insist that the last presidential election was manipulated and that Trump is still the real president and that the current government is illegal. The people who preach these conspiracy theories are not fools. They know what they are doing. They have always questioned the legacy and effectiveness of the country’s democratic system, so their alternative facts have become as legitimate as the democratic will of people who think differently from them.
It is no accident that Michael Flynn, a former military officer who now serves Donald Trump’s fascist aspirations, is now publicly proposing a Myanmar-like coup in the United States. You can no longer be blunt about where this country is now.
American democracy is collapsing. But are there other examples that people around the world can learn from in their efforts to achieve democratic governance? Should they turn to hypocritical European democracies, which always seem to be on the verge of transforming into a fascist dictatorship? Should they turn to Russia ruled by Putin’s mafia? Should they yearn for China’s mechanized totalitarianism, Brazil’s systemic brutality, India’s Hindu supremacy horror, Syria, Iran, or Turkey’s false democratic pantomime? Should they look to authoritarian regimes in much of the Islamic world or Israeli settler colonialism based on the broken backs of Palestinians?
Where is the future model of world democratic rule?
Today, no partly functioning democracy can provide a model or blueprint for the world. The foundation of liberal democracy in the modernity of the European Enlightenment has been replaced by predatory capitalism, which blindly plunders the world while preaching “freedom, equality, and fraternity” to the same world.
Today, the only model model of democratic aspirations in the world is large-scale social uprisings, such as the fate of blacks, and national liberation movements like those in occupied Palestine.
But none of these movements can achieve their goals alone-they need each other. The recent symbiotic relationship that emerged between Black Lives Matter in the United States and the liberation struggle in Palestine allowed the two movements to correct each other’s lines and grow together.
Without active support for the issue of black lives, the Palestine National Liberation Movement can easily integrate into the sad clichés of Arab politics. Without active solidarity with the Palestinians, “the life of blacks” can easily degenerate into a more narrow identity politics, vulnerable to the professional opportunism of people like Barack and Michelle Obama.
For all the impoverished, tyrannical, looted, and slandered people around the world, the only prospect of achieving complete democracy is cross-border unity across the clichés of specific ethnic cultures and into the transnational public sphere, in which every country All are saved because of each other’s experience. Barack Obama and Donald Trump are two sides of the same coin, because Mahmoud Abbas and Benjamin Netanyahu are part of the same circle of despair and deception.
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Blog Post
How Do You Write a Variable in Javascript?
June 8, 2021
Category: Javascript Basics
Tags: js
As with any program, Javascript tells the computer what to do step-by-step. Your instructions are full of values. How do you talk about a value in your program? You assign it a name. With your value bound to a name, you can reference it in your program.
As in most programming languages, you bind a name to value with a what’s called variable statement. Generally speaking, variable statements have three items:
Here’s how the code may look in real life:
const learningTheBasics = true;
In the code above:
1. “const” is the special function KEYWORD
2. “learningTheBasics” is the variable NAME
3. “true” is the VALUE
Let’s explore those one at a time:
1. Variable keywords.
There are three different keywords used to declare a variable in Javascript: var, let, or const.
Any keyword you choose will declare a variable, but they behave differently. Generally speaking, I use const by default, let when required, and var … never. Let’s ignore var for now because you shouldn’t likely be using it.
What’s the difference between const and let?
• const stands for “constant” and cannot be reassigned a different value (in other words, it’s a way of permanently assigning a name to a value)
• let can be reassigned a new value later in your program
By using const as the default, it ensures you don’t accidentally overwrite a reassignable variable (i.e., let). If you try to reassign const, your program will throw an error. If you meant to reassign it, you can change the keyword to let; and if you didn’t want to reassign it, it’s a good thing you used const. 😏
Note: I promised a brief explanation of var, so I’ll give that here. Var has been in the language since the beginning. It works just like the let keyword except that it is globally available anywhere in your Javascript file. That may sound like a good thing, but it makes for a lot of bugs, as it’s easy to reassign a var variable unintentionally. Both const and let are block scoped, meaning you can limit how available they are to you in your code. If that doesn’t make sense, don’t worry. We’ll go over scoping later. For now, just use const by default and let if you need to reassign a variable (note: this is my preference and not a hard rule). One more thing: because var and let can be reassigned, some developers reserve the word “variable” for var and let. In that nomenclature, const isn’t a “variable,” but a “constant.” I usually call them all “variables” so if you hate that, learn how to write Javascript and write a script that replaces “variable” for “constant” when applicable. 😉
2. Variable names.
The name is sometimes called the “identifier”; it’s what you use to speak about the variable later in your code. Before we get crazy, let’s start with some basic rules.
Variables cannot:
• start with a number
• be a reserved Javascript word (there are certain words the Javascript interpreter reserves)
• have a space between words
So these would all be invalid variable names:
const 1stLearner = 'me'; // “1stLearner” starts with a number
const var = 'variable'; // “var” is a reserved keyword
const my name = 'Chris'; // “my name” has a space
Variables must:
• begin with a letter (upper or lowercase), the dollar sign symbol ($), or the underscore symbol (_).
• only contain letters, numbers, underscores, or dollar signs
Best practices for naming variables
How should you name variables? Here are the generally-accepted best practices:
1. Use “camelcase” to name variables.
Camelcase means the variable name starts lowercase, but every additional word in the name starts with an uppercase letter. Because variable names are case-sensitive, the most important practice is to be consistent. Here’s an example without camelcase:
const listofnamesfromserver = [‘jim’, ‘joe’, ‘pearl’, ‘pam’]
Here’s the same example with camelcase:
const listOfNamesFromServer = [‘jim’, ‘joe’, ‘pearl’, ‘pam’]
Camelcase makes variable names easier to read.
Note: There’s one generally-accepted exception: true constants. If you follow my suggestion above (that you should use const by default), most of your variables will be const declarations, even though they don’t have to be constants in most instances. When people follow this practice, they usually fully CAPITALIZE variable names that must be constants for the program to work (e.g., you couldn’t change it to “let” without breaking your program).
2. Write for humans to understand.
Optimization and speed is important, but so is upkeep and readability. While “x” is a fine name for a variable, it doesn’t tell you anything about what the variable points to and thus requires more work to understand. Later on, you can use tools to shorten and optimize your variables upon build. For now, be very descriptive.
Here are most of the reserved Javascript words: as, async, await, break, case, catch, class, const, continue, debugger, default, delete, do, else, get, if, import, in, instanceof, let, new, null, of, return, set, static, super, switch, target, this, throw, true, try, typeof, var, void, while, with, yield, enum, implements, interface, package, private, protected, public.
3. Variable values.
Variables point to values and those values can be most any data type in Javascript. The next lessons will explain data types, so for now, I’ll simply list the seven types:
• String: surrounded by ``, ‘’, or ""
• Number: a number (either an integer or decimal point)
• Boolean: true or false (not surrounded by ``, ‘’, or "" —> because that would be a string)
• Null: absence of a value
• Undefined: a special word meaning a variable or object is initialized but has no value
• Symbol: a special value that always returns a unique identifier
• Object: collections of data usually surrounded with { } (everything in Javascript is technically an object)
Note: The assignment operator (i.e., how you assign the value to the variable) is a single equals sign. You can also update let or var variables with the equals sign as shown below.
How to Declare a Variable
To pull everything together, you declare a variable how we started:
There’s one more difference to note here between const and let:
• With const, you must provide a value
• With let, you can merely initialize it (e.g., “let firstName;”) and then provide a value later using only the name (because let can be updated later);
const firstName = 'Jenny'
This 👆 uses const, and must be assigned a value when you initialize it (e.g., you cannot merely type const firstName; because you can’t update a const variable later.).
let firstName;
firstName = 'Jenny'
This 👆 first initializes a let variable named firstName and then later updates the value by referencing only the name (e.g., firstName).
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Romain Sochon
Raccès Secours!
For the Plural!
Two words had been put at the top to elaborate this menswear garderobe: coexist and love, because their most concrete meaning can say a lot. These clothes are made for open-minded characters performing the various activities of their everyday lives, running around town, having different backgrounds with a desire to become slowly updated by a mix of well-made garments and some good quality concepts. This has been cultivated by architecture and furniture design since the mid-19th century, for example, Auguste Perret, Alain Richard, Pierre Paulin, etc., through studies of designing for democracy. Also, the desire to create some savoir-vivre was great to make links between fashion, architecture and space furnished with good objects, just to create an agora or central gathering place where aims meet each other, a cruising area as a good idea, which could be a perfectly symmetrical garden, the clothes (however, made using asymmetrical lines) worn by the youth inside…!
For the Plural
Romain Sochon
Institut Mode-Design, HGK FHNW, Freilager-Platz 1, Postfach, CH-4023 Basel
+41 61 228 40 99,,,
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Arduino blink
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Open Arduino IDE, select the right board and port. On Arduino IDE, Go to File Examples 01.Basics Blink example. . /* Blink Turns an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly. Most Arduinos have an on-board LED you can control. On the UNO, MEGA and ZERO it is attached to digital pin 13, on MKR1000 on pin 6 Arduino Code /* Blink Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly. */ // the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board void setup() { // initialize digital pin 13 as an output Permanent Redirect.
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Blink Without Delay. Sometimes you need to do two things at once. For example you might want to blink an LED while reading a button press. In this case, you can't use delay(), because Arduino pauses your program during the delay(). If the button is pressed while Arduino is paused waiting for the delay() to pass, your program will miss the button press 5 ways to blink an LED in Arduino - using inversion operator. Here's the trick: digitalRead() returns the current output value of the pin: 1 if the pin is high and the LED is on, 0 otherwise. We use the ! (not) operator to invert that value, and thus toggle the state of the LED. So basically the code above could be read as: Toggle the state of the LED On the Arduino UNO, LED_BUILTIN is an alias for 13 (the builtin LED pin). Therefore you could have typed 13 as well. The advantage of using LED_BUILTIN is that it works on all Arduinos You may find that your Arduino board's 'L' LED already blinks when you connect it to a USB plug. This is because Arduino boards are generally shipped with the 'Blink' sketch pre-installed. In this lesson, we will reprogram the Arduino with our own Blink sketch and then change the rate at which it blinks
Arduino Code. . #include <LiquidCrystal.h> LiquidCrystal lcd (11, 12, 2, 3, 4, 5); void setup() { lcd.begin(16, 2); // set up the LCD 16x2 lcd.print(hello, world!); // print a message to the LCD } void loop() { lcd.noBlink(); delay(3000); // turn off the blinking cursor: lcd.blink(); // turn on the blinking cursor delay(3000); In this lesson, you will learn how program your Arduino to make the Arduino's built-in LED blink In the previous tutorial, we learned to blink LED by using the delay method. That method blocks Arduino from doing other tasks. In this tutorial, we are going to learn another method to blink LED without blocking other tasks. The detail instruction, code, wiring diagram, video tutorial, line-by-line code explanation are provided to help you quickly get started with Arduino
Arduino Blink Tutorial - YouTube. The 'Hello World' of Arduino projects. In this project we use an LED, resistor, breadboard and an Arduino microcontroller to blink an LED programatically Blink Sketch Window In Arduino IDE You can also accomplish this task by clicking on the right arrow button ( Upload ) located on the left-hand side of the toolbar at the top of the Blink sketch window
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Das Arduino-Board verfügt des Weiteren über eine, bereits auf dem Board integrierte LED am Pin 13. Diese werden wir nun blinken lassen. Code. Um die LED am Pin 13 blinken zu lassen, müssen wir dem Arduino in der Setup()-Methode mitteilen, dass wir den Pin 13 als digitalen Output verwenden möchten. Das geht mit dem Befehl: pinMode(13, OUTPUT) Hello community ! I need a little help here. Being a beginner at programming, I must say learning to program, I'm actually struggling with my sketch. I need to blink a LED while I'm reading through Analog port 0, a voltage between 0 - 5 volts. All I can achieve so far, is light up a red LED for the time the voltage is read, when the voltage has reached the preset value, the green LED turns. 301 Moved Permanently. ngin Arduino NANO Blink Blink (TUTORIAL) Watch later. Share. Copy link. Info. Shopping. Tap to unmute. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. Up next in 8
Blink (or something similar) is generally programmed before a board is shipped. Indeed, is it still normal if the L light blinking after uploading the code? Currently I'm using Arduino 1.6.12 + Arduino Uno R3 on Windows 7 64-bit Assembly code for Blink LED. ; Blink LED on PB5(Arduino Uno pin 13) ; http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=159572#msg1194604 #define __SFR_OFFSET 0 #include avr/io.h .global main main: sbi DDRB, 5 ; Set PB5 as output blink: sbi PINB, 5 ; Toggle PINB ldi r25, hi8 (1000) ldi r24, lo8 (1000) call delay_ms jmp blink delay_ms: ; Delay about. How to blink an LED using an Arduino. For more videos, visit www.techteachervideo.com This is my first arduino project. I have an arduino pro mini getting power from my pc via and FTDI cable, and the blink example has been uploaded. I connected the ground to the negative side of an led, and pin 13 to a 330 ohm resistor, to the positive side of the led. it won't blink any suggestions
Introduction | Ladyada's Learn Arduino - Lesson #2
Arduino - Blin
1. g Tutorial - YouTube. Blink LED Tutorial für Arduino auf deutsch!In diesem Video erklären wir das einfachste Programm für den Arduino
2. Apache Mynewt has not been tested on Arduino M0 which has no internal debugger support. Install Mynewt and Newt. If you have not already done so, install Newt as shown in the Newt install tutorial; If you have not already done so, create a project as shown in the Quick Start guide on how to Create Your First Project.Skip the testing and building the project steps in that tutorial since you.
3. To blink LEDs in an Order using Arduino, it means, blink first led then blink second and so on. To do this we have to use code we already used for blinking a single LED, but here we use it inside for loop, so that one by one LEDs will blink
4. The Arduino Web Editor allows you to write code and upload sketches to any official Arduino board from your web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Edge) after installing an agent
5. The Arduino Blink Without Delay example allows you to blink a light without using the delay() function in the Arduino IDE. In short, this means you are not stopping the logic from scanning. This, you can execute other instructions while the light is waiting to turn on or off
6. Arduino Tutorial ITA #2: Blink, iniziamo a programmare - YouTube
I've been reading a few resources on how to get a single word to blink on an on a 16x2 LCD screen. Why? Just to bring attention to the screen. This example just does the blinking, I haven't added any code to set 'when' that occurs as yet. There have been a few previous questions about blink LCD text posted in the past, but it seems the most common answer was to write your own function In order to blink an LED using Arduino, we first connect perform the hardware connections. Choose a pin of your board that supports digital output. We are using the Arduino Uno board, and we will choose pin 7. The circuit will look like this −. As you can see, one end of a resistor is connected to pin 7 of Arduino Uno /*Blink Turns an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly. Most Arduinos have an on-board LED you can control. On the UNO, MEGA and ZERO it is attached to digital pin 13, on MKR1000 on pin 6. LED_BUILTIN is set to the correct LED pin independent of which board is used. If you want to know what pin the on-board LED is connected to on your Arduino model, check the Technical. // Blink alternate //Turns tx and rx indicator LED on and off one after another within a time period of 500miliseconds , repeatedly. //Most Arduinos have two on-board LED thats normally indicates the data transmission status . On the UNO, MEGA and ZERO //it is attached to digital pin 0 and 1, //If you want to know what pin the on-board LED is connected to on your Arduinomodel, check the.
Blink LED with Arduino. Open the arduino IDE and write the following program to blink an LED. I have written the classic LED blinking example provided in the book Getting Started with Arduino. You may see the screenshot below Blink. Det första enkla programmet som vi kör gör så att den interna lysdioden blinkar. Du kopplar dessutom en diod till Arduinot så den också blinkar. Även om instruktions visar att du ska ha ett motstånd så går det bra utan. Tänk på att du man behöver ändra porten på datorn för att ladda upp ett program Arduino Blink LED With Pushbutton Control to Turn ON and Off is Few Steps Higher Than Basic Example. There is Matter of Repeat Checking by Microcontroller. It is not exactly easy to a beginner but mandatory next step to learn. Arduino Blink LED With Pushbutton Control to Turn ON and Off . Wiring/circuit diagram of this project is very easy The program is very similar to the Arduino blink code hence I am not explain them in detail. But one change is that, here in ESP32 the LED on board is connected to pin number 2, while for Arduino it will be connected to pin number 13 On the Arduino Nano clones, it should be on Pin 13. For the purposes of the demos, I'm using a Teensy 2.0 board. It's very similar in size to the Arduino Nano, but it uses an Atmel 32u4 and has its LED on pin 11. The Blink Sketch. First, open up Arduino. Then, select the Blink example sketch from the File>Examples>01. Basics dropdown.
Once you have mastered the basic blinking leds, simple sensors and buzzing motors, it's time to move on to bigger and better projects. That usually involves combining bits and pieces of simpler sketches and trying to make them work together. The first thing you will discover is that some of those sketches that ran perfectly by themselves, just don't play well with others. There are ways to. Learn: how LCD works, how to connect LCD to Arduino, how to program Arduino step by step. The detail instruction, code, wiring diagram, video tutorial, line-by-line code explanation are provided to help you quickly get started with Arduino. Find this and other Arduino tutorials on ArduinoGetStarted.com Arduino - Blinking LED: The 'Hello World!' of Arduino, it's the Blinking LED!If you asked neigh any Arduino user what the first program they wrote was [For Arduino], chances are they would tell you it was this. All you need to get started is: - Arduino
Arduino - LED - Blink Arduino Tutoria
1. Bring IoT to Arduino together!. ESP8266 WiFi Module. The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another application processor
2. I took the Blink program in examples and compiled it. 930 bytes (almost 1K) and 9 bytes of variables (although Blink does not declare or use any in the code). How much of this is the actual Blink program and how much extra stuff Arduino puts in no matter what? A totally empty program (nothing in setup or main) uses 444 bytes and 9 bytes of variables
3. Also the blink sequence has to be triggered, and have a reset after it is done. The complete code is to big to share, but it runs a bit like the following: There is a bankValue, it is filled by a user, and counts back to zero. If it's zero, then blink 5 times. After the blink, the leds are off
Arduino - Blinking LED - Tutorialspoin
Hello. Trying to create a press button interrupt while blinking an LED using the millis function. LED blinks until push button (switch) is closed. My code is not working as desired. The press button does not stop the LED blink until the millis wait time is over. (So it is acting like a delay not an interrupt). I do have a hardware debounce circuit for the switch In the first example, we will send Hello world command to blink the LED. In the second example, we will do bidirectional communication. nRF24L01 Interfacing with Arduino | Wireless Communicatio Arduino - First Program (Blink the LED) Arduino School Learning Program 1 Comment. As now you are familiar with electricity and how LED glows when electric current flows through it. Check this tutorial: What is electricity? Now we will control the LED using the Arduino. Arduino Did you know that the Arduino IDE can be used to program the micro:bit? Now you have yet another way to use this cool board! Learn how to set up Arduino to program your micro:bit, blink some LEDs, read the internal temperature sensor, send and receive data over Bluetooth - even log data to Adafruit.IO I introduced Arduino in Introduction to Arduino. In this tutorial I want to build the first Arduino project. We'll turn a LED light ON and OFF. You will learn how to create your first Arduino program, upload it to the Arduino board via USB, and how to write to a digital I/O pin. It's a very simple project, but you'll learn a lot of stuff about Arduino if it's your first time
Arduino - Hom
3. Make It Blink. You have completed the Arduino equivalent of Hello World. Now you are going to make that light blink by introducing the delay() function into the above code. The delay() function accepts an integer value, equal to a length of time in milliseconds. 1000 milliseconds is equal to one second The standard Arduino 2560 comes with the blink sketch preloaded, blinking the light on and off in 1 second intervals. This means that if we re-upload the blink example using the Arduino IDE we won't see a difference because the example also blinks the light in 1 second intervals We can directly use C++ on Arduino instead of using Arduino's default way. Also, we can code with C on Arduino.As readers possibly know - Arduino does not have any special language.But, How to Use Python on Arduino, For Tasks Like to Blink LED?.We need not to compile the Python scripts unlike C++ but simply run the Python scripts from Terminal/iTerm2 Blink LED Overview. In this article, we go over a simple blink program using the Arduino Micro. This is the same as the Hello World Arduino Micro circuit, but with the Arduino controlling the voltage of the circuit to make it blink.. In the simple Hello World example, we wanted a constant source of potential, 5 volts, to keep the LED light continuously lit Refer to Arduino - Led Blink tutorial. About ezOutput Library. Refer to Arduino - ezOutput Library Reference. Wiring Diagram. Image is developed using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image. Arduino Code Quick Steps. Install ezOutput library. See How To. Connect Arduino to PC via USB cable
Arduino - BlinkWithoutDela
If you want to Blink an external LED with this Code using Arduino, you need to build this circuit, where you connect one end of the resistor to the digital pin correspondent to the LED_BUILTIN constant. Connect the long leg of the LED (the positive leg, called the anode) to the other end of the resistor // Blink : votre premier programme <-- Ceci est un commentaire comme tout ce qui est précedé par '//' // Blink permet de faire clignoter la led présente sur la pin 13 d'une arduino // Les commentaires explicatifs ont été rédigés par jekert et mike118 en 2016 // Les commentaires sont là pour faciliter la compréhension, ils ne sont pas éxécuté dans le programme // Ils ne sont donc. Arduino Blink This will make an LED on an Arduino Uno blink. Setup What you'll need: Arduino IDE Printer USB cable Computer Arduino Uno Basic understanding of code syntax Note Running this code in Repl.it does not work. You must compile and execute this code in the Arduino IDE. Code Basics Starting from the top: Arduino C++ is similar to normal C++ In the Arduino IDE, re-select the Serial Port to the new port that has been created for the bootloader. Then upload Blink - make sure that works! Once that works, go back and re-select the 'normal' USB serial port next time you want to use the normal upload Launch the Arduino Application: Double-click the Arduino application. Open the Blink Example: Open the LED blink example sketch: File > Examples > 1.Basics > Blink. Select Your Board: You'll need to select the entry in the Tools > Board menu that corresponds to the type of Arduino you are using
15 Arduino Uno Breadboard Projects For Beginners w/ Code - PDF
This is because Arduino boards are generally shipped with the 'Blink' sketch pre-installed. In this lesson, we will reprogram the Arduino with our own Blink sketch and then change the rate at which it blinks.In Hello World Lesson , you setup your Arduino IDE and made sure that you could find the right serial port for it to connect to your Arduino board Blink.ino diagram.json. #include <FastLED.h> // How many leds in your strip? #define NUM_LEDS 1 // For led chips like WS2812, which have a data line, ground, and power, you just // need to define DATA_PIN. For led chipsets that are SPI based (four wires - data, clock.
5 different ways to Blink an LED using Arduino (+ Bonus
Blink: Creating a Subscriber. The Code. Now that we've created a ROS publisher in the previous tutorial, we'll create a subscriber.If you have followed the Arduino IDE Setup tutorial, you'll be able to open the sketch below by choosing ros_lib -> Blink from the Arduino examples menu.. This should open the following code in your IDE The Arduino loop() function makes the use of a while loop redundant in this case. Even worse: the way you've implemented that while loop prevents buttonState from being updated, thus getting stuck in the loop. What you actually need is to use timers to blink the LED, and a 2-state machine driven by HIGH to LOW button transitions. Try this instead
Finally got around to playing with my uno today for the first time. ( It's a branded sunfounder UNO R3) First project. Simple blink. Using arduino 1.6.3, Windows 8.1 It is hooked up correctly. voi LED blink at Digital pin 8 with 200ms frequency; LED blink at Digital pin 7 with 300ms frequency; Print numbers in serial monitor with 500ms frequency. FreeRTOS Task Implementation in Arduino IDE. 1. From the above basic structure explanation, include the Arduino FreeRTOS header file. Then make function prototypes Arduino Blink: Facciamo lampeggiare un led Ciao, oggi inizieremo ad usare la scheda Arduino: imparerai a far lampeggiare un led in modo pulsato e regolare. Questo è solitamente il primo progetto che si realizza con Arduino uno, ed è la base per chi inizia a programmarlo Learn how to blink an LED with Arduino and simulate it with Proteus. An LED is a semiconductor light source, when forward biased, it emits light In this post well learn how easily we can program our ESP8266 NodeMCU with Arduino IDE we will upload a simple sketch of LED blink to ESP8266 board. It is very simple to load code to ESP8266 using Arduino IDE same as we are doing for Arduino boards but first we need to do a simple step of adding ESP8266 board in Arduino IDE
Tutorial 1 - Blinking the Arduino builtin LE
The code structure is exactly the same as the blink LED example in Arduino language. When writing board.digital[13].write(1), for example, pyfirmata will create a request using the Firmata protocol. It will send it to the Arduino via Serial communication. The Arduino board will analyse this request and translate it to digitalWrite(13, HIGH); Arduino Hydroponics Garden: Schematics and Planning. Blink.virtual Write, V1, raw liquidReading, then Blink.virtual Write, V2, liquid level, and then finally previousTime = currentTime. When we execute virtual.Write, we're pushing data to the virtual pin Blink_LED_user_Input_Times:36:19: error: 'i' was not declared in this scope. while (int i = 0; i < mystring; i++) {. ^. exit status 1 expected ')' before ';' token. This report would have more information with Show verbose output during compilation option enabled in File -> Preferences. c++ compiler-errors arduino arduino-uno I am new to arduino and am trying to make a for loop in it which just prints Blink using Serial.println(); command 3 timeshowever, its not working properly and it just prints Blink forever and doesn't stop at all
Vi börjar med att ladda upp Blink-sketchen till vår Arduino (för att kunna kommunicera direkt till wifi-modulen). Vi hade kunnat använda vilken sketch som helst, under förutsättning att sketchen inte använder Serial. Blink.ino. Efter att vi har laddat upp Blink-sketchen ansluter vi wifi-modulen till vårt utvecklingskort enligt. An interrupt, in microcontroller context, is a signal that temporarily stops what the CPU is currently working at. Programming using interrupts is very different from the usual top-to-bottom sequence in an Arduino program and thus can be confusing for some. This article aims to introduce how an interrupt works and how you can use it On this page, I'll tell you how an Arduino's blink program works in assembly, how to create a project on Atmel Studio 7 and some details about the AVR. . Write assembly code to initialize an.
Hello friendsThis video is about Arduino tutorial 1 | Arduino Blinking LED tutorial | Arduino for beginners. Beginners can learn Arduino projects easily. I a.. Arduino Ethernet Shield 2 does not support HTTPS. In this tutorial, we do not show any code. That is because you just need to get HTTP code from Arduino - HTTP request, and then modify it based on the above instruction. By modifing HTTP code, you can make HTTPS POST/GET or send data from Arduino via HTTPS POST/GET to a web server Step 5: Upload the code to Arduino. Turn on and off the LED programmatically via Pin 3. Step 1: Move the digitalWrite code from setup () to loop () Step 2: Add in delays and code to turn off LED. Step 3: Compile and upload. Step 4: Replace constants. Walking through the code. Our Blink code is in GitHub
Loading the 'Blink' Example Arduino Lesson 1
Arduino - lcd.blink() Arduino Referenc
Overview Arduino Lesson 1
Arduino Blink LED. First, you'll need to understand how an Arduino functions. Programs interface with Arduino hardware to perform basic tasks. A program for the Arduino may run in any language. The Arduino IDE, or integrated development environment, features a code editor and easy means of uploading and compiling code. An Arduino blink. The Arduino-standard Blink sketch won't have any visible effect on the Pro Micro -- there's no LED on pin 13. In fact, the only LEDs on the board are the power indicator, and RX/TX blinkies. Unlike other Arduino boards, though, we can control the RX/TX LEDs in our sketch. So let's get blinking! Upload the RX/TX Blinky, Hello World Sketc Sketches are little scripts that you can send to the Arduino to tell it how to act. Let's open up an Example Sketch. Go to the File menu -> Sketchbook -> Examples -> Digital -> Blink. The window should now look like this, with a bunch of text in the formerly empty white space and the tab Blink above i Finally restart Node-RED, and reload the editor in the browser. There should now be two new Arduino nodes in the palette. Blink. To run a blink flow that uses LED 13, copy the following flow and paste it into the Import Nodes dialog (Import From - Clipboard in the dropdown menu, or Ctrl-i, Ctrl-v).After clicking okay, click in the workspace to place the new nodes
The Blink Without Delay Example Sketch shows you how to blink an LED without using the delay () function. This is extremely important if you want your Arduino to not completely stop and wait for the delay to finish before proceeding on to the next step. Unfortunately, people struggle to understand what the example is doing In this led blink tutorial,we will use an Arduino board with an external led. Hardware Required. Arduino Board LED 200 ohm resistor Connection: Connect one end of the resistor to the digital pin correspondent to the LED_BUILTIN constant The Arduino Code. /* Blink without Delay Turns on and off a light emitting diode (LED) connected to a digital pin, without using the delay () function. This means that other code can run at the same time without being interrupted by the LED code. The circuit: * LED attached from pin 13 to ground
Arduino - LED - Blink Without Delay Arduino Tutoria
Load the blink example on your Arduino IDE. 2. Change where it says LED_BUILTIN to 0 (the number) 3. Press the arrow key or Ctrl+U to upload, and you'll then see it blinking away. 4. Advanced Programming with ATtiny85. ATiny85 freed from its programmer, happily blinking 5 LEDs Blink- Your First Arduino Project: Blink is a great first project for Arduino beginners. It is so simple you can do it in ten minutes with this instructable Like the Arduino UNO, the 3DoT surface‐mounted LED is wired to digital pin 13 and is located between the USB port and the switch. Press the Upload button in the upper‐left corner to upload Blink to the board
Arduino blink 3 LED - YouTubeTutorial 12: Blink an LED without using the delay
Arduino Blink Tutorial - YouTub
So, to make the blink led with Arduino circuit you need to take a LED and connect its CATHODE to GND pin Of ARDUINO with a 220ohm resistor in series then connect ANODE of LED to PIN 13 of ARDUINO UNO. And by this, you are done with the connection. NOTE: - ARDUINO UNO HAS AN LED ALREADY CONNECTED TO PIN 13 ONBOARD WHICH IS INDICATED AS L Blink an LED With Arduino in Tinkercad: Let's learn how to blink an LED (light emitting diode) using Arduino's digital output. If you're new to Arduino, this is a great place to start. We'll connect an LED to the Arduino Uno and compose a simple program to turn the LED on and off.You can
Blink: Making An LED Blink On An Arduino Uno - Woolsey
I use my Arduino Uno to program the ATTiny84 via the SPI. Here are the basic steps: Step 1: Collect all necessary hardware components: You will need an Arduino Uno, the ATTIny84/44 IC you want to program, an LED to test the Blink sketch, a 470 Ohm, or similar current limiting resistor for the LED, a breadboard and some jumper wires This Instructable gives quick intro to-1) Installing Arduino core for ESP8266 WiFi chip in Arduino IDE and Getting started with sketches written using Latest stable Arduino IDE 1.6.7. 2) Run/modify basic LED blink sketch to blink onboard LED and/or externally connected LED at pin D0 or GPIO-16 as per the pin configuration mentioned here and here
Blink - Start mit Arduino - Arduino Tutoria
Arduino - Adapter/ATtiny. GND - GND 5V - VCC D6 - UPDI. As a demo to show the ATtiny in action, we will implement the Arduino blink example. To do this, connect an LED to the setup as shown below: Schematics (credit: John Bradnam) With the programmer and LED connected, we can now proceed to examine the process of uploading code to the ATtiny
Blink Led With Arduino In Proteus - YouTubeArduino - Temperature Sensor | Arduino TutorialArduino Project 15: Hacking Buttons - YouTube
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Thursday, October 22
Cycloid graph equation
News Feed. App Downloads. Cycloid Demonstration. Author: Brian Sterr. Definition A cycloid is the curve traced out by a point on a circle as it rolls along a flat surface. Above, animating the graph will show the point on the wheel as the wheel rolls along the x-axis.
Cycloid Demonstration
If you increase the maximum forthen you can make it go further than a single rotation. What happens if we do two full rotations? Adjust the maximum to and animate. Derivation of Equations Where do the equations come from?
First consider the circle with radius 1. First, pay attention to the point as it goes around the circle. It starts at the bottom of the circle and moves in the clockwise direction. In particular, the x-coordinate starts at 0, goes to the left negative and then to the right positivereturning to 0. This matches the equation y-coordinate starts at the minimum value, which matches with. First we need to translate it up one unit by adding 1 to.
Also, it needs to be translated horizontally by a variable amount. To see how the translation relates the circle, click the checkbox for "Show Circumference" and watch how the circumference of the circle relates to the horizontal translation. When the point on the wheel has returned to the bottom whenthe circle has completed one full rotation.
Horizontally, the center has moved units to the right. This is the same as the value ofso we just need to add to.
For the translations, now we need to translate the circle up by units. Horizontally, the wheel will complete one full rotation when the horizontal distance it has moved is the same as the circumference, or.
cycloid graph equation
This will still happen whenso we want a horizontal translation now of.Cycloidthe curve generated by a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls along a straight line. One variant of the simple cycloid is the curtate cycloid, for which the curve falls below the line at the cusps, making retrograde loops in which the curve moves in the direction opposite to that of the rolling circle.
The prolate cycloid is similar to the simple cycloid except that the curve has no cusps and does not intersect the line. The prolate is formed by a point on a radius less than that of the rolling circle, such as a point on the spoke of a wheel.
For the case of a circle rolled along outside the circumference of another circle, an epicycloid is formed. For a circle rolled along inside the circumference of another circle, a hypocycloid is formed. See also brachistochrone. Article Media. Info Print Cite. Submit Feedback. Thank you for your feedback. Cycloid mathematics. See Article History. Get exclusive access to content from our First Edition with your subscription.
Subscribe today. Learn More in these related Britannica articles:. The famous cycloidal curve, for example, was traced by a point on the perimeter of a wheel that rolled on a line without slipping or sliding see the figure.
Gilles Personne de Roberval, professor…. Working in a spirit of keen rivalry, the two brothers arrived at ideas that would later develop into the calculus of variations. In his study of the rectification of the lemniscate, a ribbon-shaped curve discovered…. The cycloid is traced by a point on the circumference of a circle as it rolls along a straight line.
History at your fingertips. Sign up here to see what happened On This Dayevery day in your inbox! Email address. By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. More About.The cycloid is the locus of a point on the rim of a circle of radius rolling along a straight line. It was studied and named by Galileo in Galileo attempted to find the area by weighing pieces of metal cut into the shape of the cycloid.
Torricelli, Fermat, and Descartes all found the area. The cycloid was also studied by Roberval inWren inHuygens inand Johann Bernoulli in Roberval and Wren found the arc length MacTutor Archive.
Calculus 2: Parametric Equations (11 of 20) What is a Hypocycloid?
Gear teeth were also made out of cycloids, as first proposed by Desargues in the s Cundy and Rollett InJohann Bernoulli challenged other mathematicians to find the curve which solves the brachistochrone problemknowing the solution to be a cycloid. The cycloid also solves the tautochrone problemas alluded to in the following passage from Moby Dick : "[The try-pot] is also a place for profound mathematical meditation. It was in the left-hand try-pot of the Pequodwith the soapstone diligently circling round me, that I was first indirectly struck by the remarkable fact, that in geometry all bodies gliding along a cycloid, my soapstone, for example, will descend from any point in precisely the same time" Melville Because of the frequency with which it provoked quarrels among mathematicians in the 17th century, the cycloid became known as the "Helen of Geometers" Boyerp.
The cycloid catacaustic when the rays are parallel to the y -axis is a cycloid with twice as many arches. The radial curve of a cycloid is a circle. The evolute and involute of a cycloid are identical cycloids. If the cycloid has a cusp at the origin and its humps are oriented upward, its parametric equation is. Humps are completed at values corresponding to successive multiples ofand have height and length.
Eliminating in the above equations gives the Cartesian equation. An implicit Cartesian equation is given by. The arc lengthcurvatureand tangential angle for the first hump of the cycloid are.
10.4 Cycloid
For a single hump of the cycloid, the arc length and area under the curve are therefore. Beyer, W. Bogomolny, A. Boyer, C. A History of Mathematics. New York: Wiley, Cundy, H. Stradbroke, England: Tarquin Pub. Gardner, M. Gray, A. Harris, J. Handbook of Mathematics and Computational Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, p. Lawrence, J.This section gives soem examples of plotting cycloids because they appear as solutions of some differential equations. It was studied and named by Galileo in However, mathematical historian Paul Tannery cited the Syrian philosopher Iamblichus as evidence that the curve was likely known in antiquity.
The history of cycloid was prepared by Tom Roidt. Its curve can be generalized by choosing a point not on the rim, but at any distance b from the center on a fixed radius. Alternatively, if we assume that the circle is turning at a constant rate, the parameter t could also be regarded as measuring the elapsed time since the circle began rolling.
4.1: Parametric equations - Tangent lines and arc length
We will call the radius of our circle a. A graph of the cycloid curve and its generating circle, is presented beow. Email: Prof. Vladimir Dobrushkin. Preface This section gives soem examples of plotting cycloids because they appear as solutions of some differential equations. Cycloids A cycloid is the curve traced by a point on the rim of a circular wheel e of radius a rolling along a straight line.In this section we examine parametric equations and their graphs.
In the two-dimensional coordinate system, parametric equations are useful for describing curves that are not necessarily functions. Consider the orbit of Earth around the Sun. Our year lasts approximately Then, for example, day 31 is January 31, day 59 is February 28, and so on. As Earth revolves around the Sun, its physical location changes relative to the Sun. After one full year, we are back where we started, and a new year begins.
We study this idea in more detail in Conic Sections. The equations that are used to define the curve are called parametric equations. Notice in this definition that x and y are used in two ways. This set of ordered pairs generates the graph of the parametric equations.
To create a graph of this curve, first set up a table of values. The second and third columns in this table provide a set of points to be plotted. The direction the point moves is again called the orientation and is indicated on the graph. This is the graph of a circle with radius 4 centered at the origin, with a counterclockwise orientation. Then we can apply any previous knowledge of equations of curves in the plane to identify the curve.
These steps give an example of eliminating the parameter. Eliminate the parameter for each of the plane curves described by the following parametric equations and describe the resulting graph. This is the equation of a parabola opening upward. The graph of this plane curve follows. Sometimes it is necessary to be a bit creative in eliminating the parameter. The parametric equations for this example are. Solving either equation for t directly is not advisable because sine and cosine are not one-to-one functions.
However, dividing the first equation by 4 and the second equation by 3 and suppressing the t gives us.This session aims to teach you how to construct ellipses using Excel. It assumes that you have already completed the parametric equations exercise. Open a new worksheet and copy all of the parametric equations worksheet onto it.
NB the graphs will still take their data off the previous worksheet so the safest thing to do is delete both graphs or alter the data source of the graph. The constant a is the angular velocities of the waves. These determine how many cycles of the sin wave occur per unit t. Excel uses radians for its trig functions but you don't need to worry about any of these concepts for this exercise. Now enter the formulae below into cells B5 and C5.
For t values enter 0 and 0. Cell B5. Later, when you copy formulae down the column your code will still keep the absolute refernces to the constants a,b,A and B but have a relative refernce to the current t value in the A column. If all has gone well then if your constants are the same as mine then you should get these numbers.
Use a smoothed x-y plot without value markers. To make it look like an ellipse you will need to drag the axes until they are the same size. Thus far the amplitude has been fixed. If the amplitude is made time dependent then much more complex curves can be generated.
Copy the worksheet. Fix the graphs and use these modifications. Replace the fixed amplitudes A and B with a time dependent one. Parametric Equations With Excel Ellipses.
Alter the constants and column headings to look like this. Extension ideas Thus far the amplitude has been fixed. Other ideas.
Amplitude depends on cos t Amplitude depends on cos t and on t Cycloid.By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Cookie PolicyPrivacy Policyand our Terms of Service. Mathematics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for people studying math at any level and professionals in related fields.
It only takes a minute to sign up. If I have two points on a Cartesian plane, and I know that they are connected by a cycloid, then how do I find the equation for that cycloid? How would I then find the parametric equations for the curve connecting those two points? I drew from the information provided by Semiclassical and Physicist thank you for helping!
Using the parametric equations. One unknown; one equation. From there, you have your parametric equations that would describe the cycloid you're looking for. I suppose the next question to ask would be about the number of arches you could have connecting both points. A cycloid can also be interpreted the equation of motion of a point in a rolling-circle. You can check here if you are not convinced. Or even prove it mathematically. I'm not sure if it is an cycloid or an inverted cycloid.
But for your problem, I guess it is irrelevant. Or you can define a initial position for the point in the circle. If you do so, you will get:. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Home Questions Tags Users Unanswered.
cycloid graph equation
Finding the equation for a inverted cycloid given two points Ask Question. Asked 5 years, 8 months ago. Active 5 years, 8 months ago.
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Kelvin Wu Kelvin Wu 21 1 1 silver badge 2 2 bronze badges. Found a good reference. Take a look at the figure right before "Loose Ends. The arc of the cycloid cut off by the line has the correct shape but wrong scale for the brachistochrone, so it just needs to be rescaled to actually connect the two endpoints. Active Oldest Votes. Physicist Physicist 1, 1 1 gold badge 9 9 silver badges 20 20 bronze badges.
cycloid graph equation
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Water Sitting on Top of Soil: Causes and Solutions
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Water sometimes pools up at the surface of the soil when we water our potted plants. Although not very common, this is a problem that can easily be remedied by knowing the soil composition and how surface tension works.
Water will sit and pool on top of soil because the surface tension of the soil is greater than that of the water that is being applied to it. Other causal factors include soil composition, compaction, dryness, and drainage ability.
The difference in bonding forces causes the water to pool up at the surface for some time before it is fully absorbed into the soil.
The causal factors leading to water pooling up at the surface of potting soil are discussed further in this article which we reveal immediate and long-term solutions.
Reasons Why Water Sits on Top of Soil when Watered
Water on top of soil
1. High soil surface tension
2. The soil contains peat moss
3. Soil allowed to get too dry
4. Bad drainage – Water is suspended within the soil
5. Soil type – Too much clay in the mix
6. The Soil is severely compacted
7. The Soil Lacks Amendments
1. High Soil Surface Tension
The surface tension of the soil plays a major role in how well water is absorbed into it.
Surface tension is increased when the soil particles are drawn close together as a result of dehydration.
With increased surface tension in soil, when it is watered the water will just linger on top the soil rather than soaking and moving downwards into it.
When this happens it means that the surface tension of the soil is greater than the tension between the water molecules preventing the water droplets to penetrate into it.
As a result, the water just sits on top of the soil.
Fortunately, this does not go on forever. The water will eventually soak slowly into the soil.
From a study posted by Forest Service – U.S. Department of Agriculture
It was found that –
The affinity or repellency of a surface for water originates from the attractive forces between water and solid surfaces.
If the attraction between water and a solid surface, such as that of a soil particle, is greater than the attraction between individual water molecules, then water will spread out and be adsorbed on the solid surface
2. The soil contains peat moss
Peat Moss is used in potting mix because of its ability to hold water, its lightweight and does not decompose as fast.
Peat substrate, however, when it is dry, will tend to repel water rather than absorb it, as it is known for.
For this reason, peat is one of the culprits that causes water to sit on top of soil if the plant was not watered for some time.
3. Soil allowed to get too dry
As mentioned before, when the soil is allowed to dry for some time the surface tension increases, preventing water from being absorbed.
Whenever potted plants are exposed to certain environments the soil can dry out pretty quickly.
Such conditions are
• Too much sunlight –
The plant is subjected to too much direct sunlight which heats up the surface of the soil and dries up the moisture in that region.
• High Humidity –
As the humidity of the air around the potted plant increases so does the rate of evaporation.
This directly affects the soil as water is evaporated from it, causing it to become dry.
To take the guesswork out of determining how much moisture your soil has, you can use this cost-effective soil moisture meter from amazon.
XLUX Soil Moisture Meter
4. Bad Drainage
Bad drainage will lead to waterlogging as water becomes suspended within the soil and is not allowed to drain freely.
As a result, when the soil is watered the water will just sit on the surface and not be absorbed into the soil as the soil is already saturated with water.
The effects of waterlogged soil are –
• Root rot
• Lower Oxygen levels for the plant in the root zone as the water takes up the air space
• Waterlogging increases the reduction potential of the soil reducing the absorption of nutrients from the soil
• Lowered nitrogen uptake through the roots
• It can damage the root tips and prevent absorption of nutrients.
Water logging can be caused by
• Improper drainage
• Soil has too much clay
• Lack of proper soil amendments incorporated in the soil.
5. The Soil Type
The soil may be high in clay and low in organic material.
As we know clay soils have very low drainage ability as the particles are very close together.
When this type of soil is watered, a small amount of water will be absorbed before the rest starts pooling up at the surface.
6. Soil Is Severely Compacted
When the soil is compacted the spaces between the pores become very small.
Water absorption is greatly impacted and when the soil is watered it only takes a little water to completely fill the available spaces causing the rest to well up and sit on top of the soil.
With so little water being absorbed, the soil will tend to dry out quickly which can also increase the soil surface tension.
7. Soil Lacks Amendments
When the soil in a potted plant lacks amendments the soil can become severely compacted as described in the previous point.
Soil amendments helps increase drainage and aeration within the soil by creating air spaces and allowing water to drain through while still holding some degree of moisture within the soil
We go further into how much soil amendments to use further in this article.
(go to soil amendments)
If you would like an in-depth description of how these amendments work you can also see our article on soil amendments here.
I use this cost-effective soil amendment when repotting which enhances the soil and gives my plants the best growing conditions.
Mycorrhizal Inoculant by DYNOMYCO
perlite and vermiculite
How to Promote Water Absorption in Soil
There are ways to help the water to be absorbed into the soil and this can be done by breaking the barrier that’s holding the water out.
There are three ways this can be done –
1. Creating pores for water to drain
Water can be allowed to seep into the soil if we create an initial path for the water to go.
This can be done by using a chopstick or some other thin stick and poking holes in multiple places through the top layer of dirt so that the water can drain into the soil.
However, this will not stop the topsoil from becoming hard again. A regular watering schedule will prevent soils from drying out and creating such hydrophobic barriers.
2. Removal and replacement of the topsoil
An easy fix to help water to be absorbed into the soil is to remove the problem.
The problem exists in the top layer of the soil where the soil particles are so close together that they create a bond that is greater than the forces holding the water particle together.
This layer is called hydrophobic soil.
Hydrophobic soils tend to have a high surface tension which can cause water to pool up at the top of the plant pot
Removing the top layer of the soil and replacing it with fresh potting mix or even compost can have multiple benefits.
Apart from just eliminating the problem, you will be adding fresh nutrient-rich topsoil to the pots which the plant will thank you for in the long run.
3. Use soil surfactants
Surfactants reduce the surface tension of water, allowing it to penetrate and wet soils more easily and evenly.
Thus, a surfactant can promote the absorption and retention of moisture in soil. (Source)
Soil surfactants or wetting agents are not a long-term solution and will have to be reapplied.
Surfactants can also cause damage to the microorganisms within the soil which will remove all the beneficial attributes of having them in soil.
How to Drain the Soil?
So you have poured water into the soil and have found that it just pools up at the surface with some lighter, buoyant soil floating around.
It can get annoying waiting around for the water to finally break the surface and start penetrating into the soil.
If this is the problem you can just tilt the plant so that the excess water can be drained out into a collection pan.
Now you may be wondering how then will you water the plant?
An easy, temporary alternative is to use the bottom watering technique which we discuss later on in this article.
Go to Bottom watering!
Although bottom watering is a very popular way to water plants, it should not be used as a permanent solution to soils with high surface tension.
How to Improve Drainage in Potted Plants
Inspect the soil and Change the Mix
The soil which is currently in the plant pot may have a higher ratio of clay within the mix which may be the reason why the water is not being absorbed into the soil.
Clay particles exist closer together and when watered it can cause water stagnation which leads to waterlogging.
If water is sitting on top of the soil and refuses to be absorbed. You may have hydrophobic soil as previously discussed.
Drill Drainage Holes in your Container
Drainage holes are a must in any plant pot. It provides a way for excess water to drain out of the pot.
If drainage holes are not present the water will end up pooling up within the soil causing it to become waterlogged.
Additionally, this may lead to problems such as root rot which will harm the plant and even cause it to die.
The average amount of drainage hole in any given plant pot is 4 which ranges between ¼ inch to ¾ inch in diameter.
Larger holes may also cause soil to leave the plant pot with the water and additional prevention methods will be required such as a filter material to keep the soil in place while water is draining out
Manually Aerate the Soil – Using a chopstick
Manually aerating the soil means fluffing the soil somewhat to help prevent soil compaction. When the soil is aerated it increases the availability of oxygen to the roots of the plant where it is needed.
It also helps with soil drainage ability providing spaces in between the soil particles for water to be absorbed and also drain out of the plant pot
There may be a concern that some roots will get damaged in the process but this will not kill the plant as if the soil remains compacted which will eventually suffocate the entire root system.
Add soil amendments
To make your potting soil drain better you should incorporate soil amendments into the mix.
Soil amendments may include substrates like perlite and vermiculite. They both work well when it comes to soil aeration and drainage.
Add a 1:1 ratio of perlite to vermiculite which would account for 30% total volume of the soil amendment mixture to create a well-rounded mix for drainage and aeration.
This is a sure way to rejuvenate, increase drainage ability and add extra nutrients to potting soil that has been in use or just sitting for some time.
You can find a cost-effective mix of perlite and vermiculite for all your potting needs on Amazon. Find it by clicking here.
perlite and vermiculite from amazon
Use Rocks for better drainage
Placing a layer of rocks at the bottom of a plant potter before the addition of soil is widely used as a method to increase soil drainage and aeration.
Rocks are generally used in addition to having holes at the bottom of the potter creates a height above the pant saucer so that water can drain out of the soil and not be well up at the bottom to create a waterlogging condition.
Plant absorbing water from bottom watering
Consider Bottom Watering
Bottom watering is an alternative irrigation method to conventional top watering.
The plant is placed in a container of water reaching a height of 1cm.
The plant is allowed to sit for 15 to 20 minutes whereby the water is allowed to move up the soil via capillary movement.
Eventually, the water reaches the top of the soil where it becomes moist.
After the time has passed, the plant is then taken out and allowed to drain any excess water.
The use of bottom watering totally bypasses the entire problem posed by soil when it takes too long to absorb water from above.
Although this may work as a fix, the problem will still exist and you should still look into the reason why the soil isn’t absorbing the water.
Using the above-stated solution will fix the problem so you can resume your normal watering program.
Additionally to bottom water you can also increase the humidity around the plant by misting.
Misting the plant increases humidity and causes the plant to absorb water through the leaves.
See a detailed article on how to properly mist plants here.
Water absorption in plants (2)
The Takeaway
Water sitting on the surface of the soil is not a very common occurrence but when it happens it can be attributed to either soil surface tension or the soil composition.
By creating a routine watering schedule you can prevent soil from drying out and preventing water from being absorbed which normally happens when the soil has a peat mix.
A permanent fix is to remove the soil and use a more organic soil mix like compost while a temporary watering fix is to use the bottom watering method.
JayLea has a passion for plants and has been gardening since 2015. He has valuable knowledge about gardening and houseplant care and can answer everyday practical questions that every plant owner has.
Learn about Misting and Soil amendments ⬇
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Kanakavalli Kanjivaram Silk Sari 040-01-110614
Rs. 20,470
This regal kanjivaram sari is in chartreuse yellow shot with lavender. The borders have chevron and geometric patterns in crimson red and ink blue, while the pallu features geometric bands and stripes in crimson red and ink blue.
Approximate Length - 5.45 meters + 0.6 to 0.65 meters (attached blouse)
Height - 1.17 - 1.27 meters.
Approximate weight - 595 grams.
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Question: Why Is Middle C Important?
How do you find middle C?
To find middle C on a standard 88-key piano, position yourself at the center of the piano.
The black keys alternate in groups of twos and threes: The C key sits directly left of the first black key in each group of two black keys.
Then identify the C closest to the middle of the keyboard.
There you have it: middle C..
What are the 12 musical notes?
Why is the middle C called middle C?
Re: Why is ‘middle C’ called middle C? Yes, it’s the C that’s closest to the middle of the keyboard. And it’s also in the middle of the grand staff. It has nothing to do with being the exact middle of the keyboard.
What does middle C mean?
: the note designated by the first ledger line below the treble staff and the first above the bass staff.
Should you sit middle C?
Is do middle C?
Why does an octave start on C?
As I understand it, when letters were first assigned to notes, A was simply the lowest of the range of notes being used. Sharps and flats were gradually added so that scales could be transposed, but C became the “tonic” of the natural notes. …
Where should you sit when playing piano?
When sitting at the piano you want your elbow and arm to fall freely from your shoulder. Your forearm should be parallel to the floor, and your arm should be at an angle slightly more than a right angle. Adjust your seat to get the right height.
Is C the lowest note?
What is the importance of middle C?
This is where middle C is located: This makes perfect sense! Middle C has less to do with its location on the piano keyboard and more to do with where it is located on the grand staff. This is a very important note because it helps you in reading both notes in the treble and bass clefs.
Why is C the first note?
How far away from the piano should you sit?
You also don’t want to sit so far away that you have straight arms because that creates tension. Everything about sitting at the piano is about being relaxed. Some people say that the piano should drop down to the edge of the knees, I find that I want it a little behind (at the beginning of the thigh).
Where does middle C sits on the grand staff?
Middle C sits in the middle of the grand staff. It is usually depicted on the treble clef staff but can also be written on the bass staff.
Which key is higher C or G?
the key of C is a perfect fourth higher than the key of G, or a perfect fifth below it. depends on whether the singer will choose an octave lower or higher in the new key.
Why is C the major scale?
This is all why it’s the letter C over anything else, because musicians initially named the notes of that minor scale starting with the first letter of the alphabet, A! When western music switched to major, the note names stuck and C major became the default.
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Five strategies that can help you to stop procrastination
·2-min read
Five strategies that can help you to stop procrastination
Five strategies that can help you to stop procrastination
16 Sep 2021: Five strategies that can help you to stop procrastination
Procrastination is a strong force that stops you from completing your important tasks. Putting off your work for later may feel very comfortable, but has dire consequences. Procrastination often leads to poor performance at work, failing in school, and whatnot. This is a habit that can't be broken overnight, so here are some strategies which, when performed regularly, can prevent you from procrastinating.
Deadlines: Break down your work and assign multiple deadlines to yourself
One final deadline gives you room to procrastinate. For example, the stressful last-minute college assignment submissions. You can prevent this by breaking down your project into smaller parts and creating an extremely specific timeline for each task. To make this strategy work, you have to set strict deadlines for each part and follow them rigidly. You can also ask someone to monitor you.
Figure out: If you are overwhelmed, try to clear every possible confusion
One of the key reasons behind procrastination is feeling overwhelmed and confused. The first step to fight this feeling is to acknowledge it. Once you have done that, ensure that before you start the work, you clear every possible confusion and figure out a way to reach your objective. Calmly think about the possible strategies, and if needed, ask for help.
Cramming: Avoid cramming by making a commitment to a third party
A lot of people, especially students, believe that stress helps in reaching deadlines quickly. And honestly, it is true. Cramming does help. However, this reduces your quality of work, which can automatically ruin your reputation. The easiest way to avoid this disastrous consequence is to make a public commitment by sharing your plan and a final deadline with a friend or better, your boss.
Motivation: Focus on a long-term benefit that will make you happy
One motivation behind meeting your deadlines is the immediate benefits. For example, working faster on a Friday to enjoy the weekend. But these short-term benefits are not enough. When you feel like procrastinating, think about a long-term goal that gives you immense happiness. These goals will inspire you to work more efficiently. Dream purchases (like buying a house) are an example of this goal.
Rewards: Give yourself a small reward for completing a task
Giving positive reinforcements is a psychological way of enabling good behavior. When you feel appreciated, you try to gain some more appreciation by completing the next task. You can use this concept on yourself. Reward yourself for each step you take toward your goal. For example, after a successful workout, take a relaxing bath. This will give you the incentive to do it again.
The news article, Five strategies that can help you to stop procrastination appeared first on NewsBytes.
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Jasmine Flower Honey Sugar
Once Per Month
Every Other Month
Sweeten your next meal or beverage while enjoying the intoxicating scent of jasmine with the Jasmine Flower Honey Sugar. To create this aromatic sweetener, dried jasmine flower buds have been powdered into honey sugar. Additionally, jasmine is known as a flower of love, sensuality, and good luck, and may serve as an aphrodisiac.
3.2oz / 90g
How to Use
Use to sweeten beverages like hot tea, make into a simple syrup, or reach for as a sugar alternative when baking a tea cake.
Jasmine Buds, Powdered Honey
Enhance Your Routine
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Scholastic Surf Series
Ventura County Fairgrounds – Feb 12, 2017
It was a warm sunny day for the High School Division 1 event. The waves were in the 3 to 4 foot range with great shape. With perfect little waves racing down the point Morro Bay was fired up and had the highest total of 78 team points defeating Santa Monica with 40. Everyone was ripping in the Men’s Short Board Final, but in the end it was Sean Woods (Malibu) who took the win. Travis Quittner, (Dos Pueblos) showed his longboard skills in the Men’s Longboard Final and found himself in first. In the Woman’s Shortboard Final it was Maddie Malmsten, (Santa Barbara) who was ripping up the point break waves and got first and Betsey Lee, (Malibu) showing her longboard style got first in the Woman’s Longboard Final. Last, but not least it was Matty Pierce (Santa Barbara) who won the Body Board Final.
Team Results Division 2
Morro Bay 78 def Santa Monica 40
Santa Barbara 76 def San Marcos 51
Malibu 69 def Dos Pueblos 59
Palisades 65 def Oak Park 54
Individual Results
Mens Shortboard
1. Sean Woods, Malibu
2. Matty Pierce, Santa Barbara
3. Sam Reichel, Dos Pueblos
4. Ryder Sturges, Malibu
5. Zane Booth, Dos Pueblos
6. Shaymus O’Hearn, Santa Barbara
Mens Longboard
1. Travis Quittner, Dos Pueblos
2. Cole Spooner, Oak Park
3. Chase Nelson, Santa Barbara
4. Zane Booth, Dos Pueblos
5. Riley Svensson, Santa Barbara
6. Collin Bosse, San Marcos
Womens Shortboard
1. Maddie Malmsten, Santa Barbara
2. Saxon Rhodes, Malibu
3. Betsey Lee, Malibu
4. Cassidy Urbany, Dos Pueblos
5. Angle Singh, Santa Barbara
6. Ruby Singh, Santa Barbara
Womens Longboard
1. Betsey Lee, Malibu
2. Adi Mahan, Morro Bay
3. Willow Bailey, Morro Bay
4. Vanessa Lytle, Santa Barbara
5. Heather huff, Palisades
6. Ruby Singh, Santa Barbara
1. Matty Pierce, Santa Barbara
2. Zane Boot, Dos Pueblos
3. Collin Bosse, San Marcos
4. Tate Sittman, Moro Bay
5. Luke Rosa, Palisades
Google Map click here
From Highway 101 exit on California St.
Turn left at California St.
Turn right at Harbor Blvd.
Take the second left onto Figueroa St.
Continue onto Shoreline Drive
Park in the Second parking lot.
There is a fee for all day parking.
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• Background Image
News & Updates
August 18, 2021
Is zero a rational number?
If you are currently studying integers in your math class, you may find that rational numbers are the next topic addressed by your teacher. They may ask the class “is zero a rational number?” Although you know the definition of a rational number, this question can stop you in your tracks.
Knowing basic properties regarding integers and rational numbers may seem like a one-time lesson in your mathematics career, but being able to fully comprehend the purpose and the rules of rational numbers can directly help you with other complicated math concepts. Instead of just thinking the old narrative that learning a math lesson will only pertain to your specific lesson, quizzes, and tests, truly understanding rational numbers can help you learn how to solve multi-step problems in the future.
In addition, learning rational numbers and mastering integers helps you to understand how these math concepts all relate to one another as you progress in your education. Learning the relationship between rational numbers makes mathematics easier to understand as a whole.
By using critical thinking skills to find answers to questions such as “is zero a rational number?”, you can help simplify complicated equations and find the solution.
First – what is a rational number?
Before you can determine if zero is a rational number, we need to brush up on your definition of rational numbers. A rational number is any number that can be presented as a over b, where b is not equal to zero. Like this:
Therefore, practically every fraction that you have worked with in the past can be defined as a rational number. The only condition is that the “bottom” number in the fraction – also known as the denominator – cannot be equal to zero. Therefore, all whole numbers are rational, since any rational whole number can be expressed as a fraction with 1 in the denominator slot.
But how can you identify rational numbers from irrational numbers? Irrational numbers are not able to follow the rule that it can be presented as a over b, where b is not equal to zero.
In this case, you might come across irrational numbers that look like the following:
When looking at a fraction, sometimes the numerator can be zero. This means that a can equal zero, but b is not equal to zero. For new learners, just seeing a zero in the equation can sometimes throw off their thought process. However, keep in mind that a rational number with zero as a numerator can easily be simplified as such:
Since the greatest common denominator between 0 and 12 is 0, you can simplify a rational number fraction with a zero in the numerator by dividing both integers by zero. If you see a fraction with zero in the numerator, the answer will ALWAYS be zero.
Examples of rational numbers
Some examples of rational numbers include ¼, ⅔, 0/1, 8/6, and so on. As you can see, one of the numbers included here was 0 over another number – this is considered a rational number since the denominator is either a positive or negative number and is not equal to zero.
Operations on rational numbers
Just because a number is a fraction or contains a zero within the fraction, this does not mean arithmetic operations are impossible. Arithmetic operations are the basic processes of functions you can use with integers, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
• With addition, you can add two fractional rational numbers by making the denominator the same value.
• When carrying out subtraction, make the denominator the same number before subtracting one rational number from the other one.
• In the case of multiplying two rational numbers, make sure you multiply both the numerator and the denominator of the rational numbers.
• When it comes to dividing a fraction, you must calculate the inverse of the rational number. In this process, switch the numerator and denominator.
• For example, 2/4 will then switch to 4/2. You can double-check your work by multiplying the two values together to see if they equal 1, with the equation being (2/4)x(4/2)=1.
What are irrational numbers?
There are clear differences between rational and irrational numbers. Now that you know rational numbers are any type of integer that can be expressed as a/b where b does not equal zero, you can narrow down all integers that do not follow this formula to be considered irrational numbers.
Rational numbers are either positive numbers, negative numbers, or equivalent to zero. However, irrational numbers cannot be written in the form of a/b, but must be written as a decimal.
One of the most common irrational numbers is Pi (), which has endless digits after the decimal point. If you have studied geometry in the past, you know that Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter – a number that comes out to approximately 3.14. However, this solution is just an approximation, but not accurate enough to be written as a fraction or classified as a rational number. Since the decimal digits of Pi are nearly infinite, you cannot use a simple fraction that represents Pi.
Furthermore, Euler’s number () is another irrational number that cannot be simplified or written as a fraction. This number is the base of natural logarithms and is an important concept used in the exponential function. Euler’s number is typically written as 2.718, but contains over 1 trillion digits in the decimal – making it impossible to compose in fractional form.
Another common irrational number is the Golden Ratio (), a ratio called “divine proportion”. This unique ratio is a common number that is found in various aspects of our life and culture, not just in mathematics. Appearing in paintings, artwork, sculptures, and buildings, the Golden Ratio is known for being aesthetically pleasing. This number is typically approximated as 1.618, but cannot be expressed in simple fraction form.
So – is zero a rational number?
Now that you know the difference between rational and irrational numbers, you may still be asking yourself – is zero a rational number? You know that zero cannot be the denominator of a rational number, since this would classify the rational function as undefined. However, zero can be the numerator in a fraction, which qualifies zero as an eligible rational number.
Since zero is an integer, it can be written as A in the formula A/B (ex: 0/1, 0/3, 0/6, etc.). Writing zero as the numerator over a positive or negative denominator confirms that zero can be considered a rational number (ex: 0/2, 0/-2, etc.).
Keep in mind that 0 cannot be used as a denominator in a rational number equation. If this was the case, any number divided by 0 would result in infinity – as we learned earlier, irrational numbers cannot be written as a fraction with integers as both the numerator and denominator. Any integer divided by 0 is an irrational number.
Why is it important to know if zero is a rational number?
If you are struggling in your math class and you have finally cracked the code to the rational vs. irrational number debate you might still be wondering how this will help you understand difficult math concepts.
Knowing that zero is a rational number can give you deeper insight as to how integers can be calculated and how they function within different equations. Being able to distinguish between rational and irrational numbers can help you understand more difficult concepts that you previously had a difficult time understanding.
Learning rational numbers, understanding how to interpret rational numbers, and identifying rational vs. irrational numbers can help students understand how to represent rational numbers when composing equations, how to determine which fractions are greater than others, and how to simplify rational numbers in fractional form.
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Some of these have become so linked with Witch Craft that they've become Wicca symbols even to those outside the religion. It is sometimes interlaced within a circle or combined/interlaced with additional triquetras to form different geometric shapes like crosses. It has been used in both pagan and Christian religious imagery as well, symbolizing the Holy Trinity in the latter. A black Trinity knot is simple, yet makes a statement. The Celtic symbol for trinity has a myriad of symbolic meaning. In modern times the use of the term triquetra has generally narrowed to the shape of three interlaced vesicae piscis (interlaced semicircles) often drawn with an internal interlaced or inclosing circle. Used in rituals for: good luck, balance. T… The Triquetra Symbol This symbol is used frequently in Wicca, but it technically dates to the Celtic pagans. Between life, death and rebirth. In wicca, this Remember that beautiful symbol What are synonyms for triquetra? It also was a symbol used by the witch killed by The triquetra is a Latin word, meaning “triangular” or “three-cornered.” In its purest form, the triquetra is three interconnected ovals — one pointing upward, the other two pointing down, to the left and right. What is the definition of triquetra? A triquetra symbol is sometimes interlaced with a circle. It has, in fact, been discovered in Hopi tradition and ancient Greece. What is the meaning of triquetra? Triquetra é um simbolo usado no cristianismo, na magia, na bruxaria, na Wicca e em geral no Ocultismo. The circle that is often interlaced with the triquetra represents the bond between the three elements. The meaning behind the Celtic cross is debatable and shrouded in mystery, but these well-known symbols are prevalent in Irish culture and can be seen on any roadtrip through the Irish countryside. How do you use triquetra in a sentence? The Vesica Pisces is the shape created by the intersection of two congruent circles. In the German Netflix series Dark (2017), it symbolizes the caves closed time loops with each loop being 33 years apart, with the past affecting the future and the future influencing the past. The Triquetra is a Shotgun manufactured by Jakobs obtained from the mission Clan War: End of th Originally the term triquetra was applied to any triangle or three cornered shape. Celtic knots, trikelions, and the three-hare symbol are all related.[1]. Because in medieval Celtic culture the triquetra was rarely depicted alone, it can reasonably be regarded as a contextual symbol, which was used to fill the space or complement the ornament of more complex compositions. For Pagans/Wiccans it represents the Triple Goddess as the Maiden, Mother, and Crone. These forms of the triquetra often include a circle to emphasize the unity of the three parts of the Trinity. We've rewatched every episode to uncover some of the best foreshadowing and other details or references fans might have missed the first time around. It is made up of three intersecting vesica Pisces. Other than occasional confusion as a Satanic icon, the Pentacle can't be mistaken as belonging to any other religion or deity. Triquetra Triquetra means “triangle” in Latin. The Triskele bears the secondary name of life’s spiral and its certainly not limited to only Celtic symbols. triskele or … ⯈⯈ Become a Wiccan! Over the centuries it has become the symbol for the Holy Trinity among Christians in Ireland. Inspired designs on t-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more by independent artists and designers from around the world. It is made up of three intersecting vesica Pisces. The triquetra is a Latin word, meaning “triangular” or “three-cornered.”. It is embossed on the cover of the Warren Book of Shadows. A Trinity knot on the solar plexus is minimal and sexy; this styling is flawless. Der Name stammt aus dem Lateinischen und bedeutet dreieckig oder Knoten der Dreisamkeit oder einfach Dreieck. the cycle of life (life-death-rebirth), the promise of a husband to his wife (love-honor-protect), the family (father-mother-child), the passage of time (past-present-future) and many more. It, again, has a perfect circle through it. It is also known as a rune of protection. How do you use triquetra in a sentence? Die Triqueta, auch Triquetta oder Triquetra genannt, besteht aus drei verbundenen Kreisbögen. What is the meaning of triquetra? High quality Triquetra gifts and merchandise. Welcome to Dark Wiki, an encyclopedia about Netflix's 2017 German web series Dark. May 8, 2020 - Explore pat davis's board "Triquetra" on Pinterest. Triquetra means “triangle” or “three” (tri-) “cornered” (Quetrus). The Triquetra is an interlocking symbol with long roots in ancient tradition. (See the complete list of Wicca symbols below.) It adorns the neck of their familiar, Kit the cat. The Vesica Pisces is the shape created by the intersection of two congruent circles. [2] In the third season, it comes to symbolize the three different worlds as well. What is the definition of triquetra? This symbol is used in the Christian tradition to refer to the holy trinity. Netflix's sci-fi series "Dark" is made up of three total seasons of mind-melting twists and turns. as a symbol of anything three-fold e.g. The leaves of the Early crosses were about 8 feet high and later crosses were much taller, with the very tallest being an impressive 23 feet high. The triquetra is a three-pointed symbol that has been used in ancient Nordic, Celtic, German, and Japanese cultures. The symbol is often used to represent the 3 fundamental elements – air, water, and earth or the infinite cycle of life. This symbol is seen on the Emerald Tablet, the steel door in the cave leading to the passage, among the Stranger's papers, in the Sic Mundus photograph, on the leather notebook, and more.[2]. Trefoil knot is another name. The ancient Celts used used knots as symbols to show the connection between human, nature, and the universe. The triquetra rarely appears all by itself, which has led some scholars to speculate that it was originally created for use just as filler material -- in other words, if you had a blank space in your artwork, you could squeeze a triquetra eval(ez_write_tag([[580,400],'ancient_symbols_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_4',115,'0','0'])); eval(ez_write_tag([[580,400],'ancient_symbols_com-box-4','ezslot_5',119,'0','0'])); © Copyright [oceanwp_date] - Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Visit of important Wiccan symbols every Witch should know and their meaning. What are synonyms for triquetra? It includes the practices of many cultures, nations and religions as well as many books and writings from ancient times. Irish and Celtic symbols reflect ancient beliefs and traditions and were believed to influence lives. Represents: light and dark, good and bad, duality, balance. Triquetra Nowadays, this symbol implies a more complex figure consisting of three elements, usually with the addition of a circle inside or outside the figure. In modern times, the triquetra symbol has become a favorite design element in knot-work, jewelry, emblems, logos etc. In 2019, a local boy's disappearance stokes fear in the residents of Winden, a small German town with a strange and tragic history. As with the Triquetra the symbolic meaning is that of a Triune Deity. … See more ideas about Triquetra, Celtic symbols, Celtic. [1] A triquetra, em latim triquætra, é similar a um tríscele e pode ser interpretada como uma representação do Infinito nas três dimensões ou a Eternidade. I believe the meaning of the triquetra will be up for debate forever, but each individual triquetra can only be truly interpreted by the one who creates it and their intent. The Triquetra is a Celtic symbol with three loops knotted together. In the first two seasons of Dark, the triquetra seems to symbolize the caves' closed time loops with each year being thirty-three years apart, with the past affecting the future and the future influencing the past. Sometimes it has a circle running through it and other times it does not. This means European locations such as Ireland but also places were significant numbers of people still identify with Irish cultures, such as among Irish The triquetra is a symbol you will recognize if you are a big fan of the Charmed television show. The Triquetra or the Trinity Knot reserves a special place on our list of popular Celtic symbols and their meanings. The Dark Wiki is a collaborative encyclopedia that anyone, including you, can edit! In the TV series The Walking Dead (2010), Michonne 's katana features a triquetra, chosen for its meaning as a "triple goddess symbol". An ancient Celtic symbol, the triquetra is considered one of the oldest; dating back to as early as 500 BC when it was used to symbolize the triple goddess (maiden-mother-crone). The Pentacleis the most distinctive and basic of Wicca symbols. The knot has three loops all made from a single, unbroken line. symbolize the caves ' closed time loops with each year being thirty-three years apart, with the past affecting the future and the future influencing the past. Witchcraft is a practice of magic used by Witches that encompasses many different types of activities. See more ideas about triquetra, triquetra meaning, celtic … All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide There are certain standard articles that are very meaningful in Wicca. A triquetra symbol is sometimes interlaced with a circle. Trinity knots are popular among friends, lovers, and family members, as it can symbolize everlasting love, friendship, and kinship. We see the trinity motif in Celtic knots, as well as in symbol-form like the triquetra and triskelion (a.ka. The triquetra is sometimes used in a Christian context to represent the Trinity. It is sometimes called the trinity knot or the trinity circle (when a circle is included) and is most often found in areas of Celtic influence. The circle in many belief systems, is a symbol of eternity. Triquetra Meaning & Symbolism The Triquetra has something in common with triple moon symbols. The triquetra is an ancient Celtic three-pointed symbol representing three-way unity. Jul 8, 2019 - Explore Mare Temelkovski's board "Triquetra meaning", followed by 218 people on Pinterest. Triquetra means “triangle” or “three” (tri-) “cornered” (Quetrus).
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Question: How long can a walrus stay under water?
Can Walruses swim?
Walrus can dive up to 90 m and stay underwater for long periods of time – up to 30 minutes! They are also quite graceful in the water and swim at an average speed of 7 km/h (4.35 mph) and up to 35 km/h (21.74 mph).
How deep can walruses dive?
Dives can range from around 80-90 meters (265 – 295 feet) deep, and walruses can stay underwater for about 30 minutes.
Do walruses sleep in water?
Marine Mammals and Sleep
When walruses sleep in the water, they usually lie at the bottom, float along the surface, or lean against something while in a standing position. They can even hook their tusks onto an ice floe and sleep that way. Like elephants, walruses can go for days without sleep.
Can a walrus kill a polar bear?
In fact, an aggressive walrus can be dangerous for a polar bear in the water. There have been isolated observations of walruses attacking polar bears in the water, though it is unusual. In the water, too, walruses generally react to polar bears as to predators – they fear and avoid them. Only rarely do they attack.
What are baby walruses called?
What’s bigger a walrus or an elephant seal?
Among the most amazing of pinnipeds are the elephant seals. They are the biggest of pinnipeds – bigger even than walruses – there being a record of a giant male Southern elephant seal that was between 6.5 and 6.8 m long and weighed over 4000 kg (Carwardine 1995).
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Which animal can dive the deepest?
In 2014, scientists named Cuvier’s beaked whales the deepest diving animals of all when they tracked one on a dive to 9,874 feet (2,992 m). The dive lasted for 2 hours and 17 minutes, making this whale the longest-diving mammal on record as well as the deepest.
Why do sperm whales dive so deep?
How deep can a human dive?
It takes training, practise and discipline. Deep diving is defined as a dive that exceeds 60 feet (18.28 metres). That means that most people can dive up to a maximum of 60 feet safely. For most swimmers, a depth of 20 feet (6.09 metres) is the most they will free dive.
What is the animal that sleeps the least?
Giraffes are known as the mammal that sleeps the least. Despite being the tallest and weighing up to 3,000, they reportedly only need 30 minutes of shut-eye per day. According to a study from 1996, that refers to deep sleep with their total time spent sleeping being closer to 4.5 hours.
How long can a walrus stay awake?
Walruses can have periods of activity where they stay awake and swim for up to 84 straight hours.
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Which animal sleeps the most?
To test the true sleeping brain activity of animals in the wild, scientists started with the most renowned sleepers: sloths. In captivity they are known to sleep for more than 15 hours, but in 2008 researchers found that wild sloths sleep far less.
Do polar bears eat humans?
Bears. Polar bears, particularly young and undernourished ones will hunt people for food. Truly maneating bear attacks are uncommon, but are known to occur when the animals are diseased or natural prey is scarce, often leading them to attack and eat anything they are able to kill.
Who would win in a fight a walrus or a hippo?
A walrus can get up to 4,400LBS, but the large side of average is about 3,700LBS. If the hippo’s feet can touch the bottom enough that it can run, then it will probably win. It would attack much more aggressively, and if the hippo can touch the bottom then that means the walrus has lost much of its maneuverability.
Who would win a walrus or a polar bear?
Despite being the largest land predator and having one the most powerful claws, polar bears still cannot penetrate the though hide of a fully grown adult healthy walrus, though the bear can physically dominate the walrus on land, but in the water the table is turned completely in the favor of the walrus which can
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All active variables can be seen by running env.
$HOME - Expands to the path of my home folder.
$PS1 - Variable that represents my command prompt line.
$PATH - Special environment variable that contains the command path (list of system directories that the shell searches when trying to locate a command).
Scripts are run in subshells, and nothing is shared "upwards". That's the difference between running a script and sourcing one. A sourced (imported) script is run in your own script's namespace.
In shell everything is a string.
Children never touch parent environment. It can only if it runs as part of the current process (source, function, alias).
Pipes are used to connect one process's output with another process’s input.
/etc/paths.d define paths to add to $PATH globally to all users.
Last modified 10d ago
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Hornindals Lake
Hornindals Lake, lake, Sogn og Fjordane fylke (county), western Norway. Occupying the trough of a glacial valley, the long and narrow lake has a length of about 16 miles (25 km) and a maximum width of 3 miles (5 km). In the west it tapers to a sharp point and drains westward into Nord Fjord, which it parallels. The lake’s total area is approximately 20 square miles (50 square km). One of the clearest lakes in Scandinavia, Hornindals has a maximum depth of 1,600 feet (500 m), making it the deepest lake in Europe.
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Dealer Agreement Pdf
There are different types of traders. As a result, not all dealer contracts are alike. Before this case, let`s learn how to enter into a simple and standard reseller agreement by following these steps. When we think of the word “car dealership,” the first thing that comes to mind is the car. In the United States, there are state laws that protect businesses from merchants. The government requires that new cars be marketed by authorized dealers. For this reason, buyers are not allowed to buy vehicles directly from manufacturers. According to the statista Research Department, new auto dealerships in the U.S. will reach a sales value of about $872.83 billion by 2020. Let`s understand, before this stand, how car dealerships work.
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adsorption in a sentence
1) Plant adsorption may reach 80% phosphorus removal.
adsorption collocations
2) Close agreement between calculated and realized phosphorus adsorption was found.
3) This is where salt adsorption takes place prior to pressing.
adsorption example sentences
4) Adsorption is a "surface phenomenon".
5) This is known as pressure swing adsorption .
6) Adsorption is not always desirable, however.
7) Surface stability is higher in chemical modification than in physical adsorption .
8) What takes place is a process of absorption and adsorption .
9) The heat of adsorption of oxygen by charcoal.
10) Both also require adsorption of the digested nutrients.
11) After treatment the adsorption column can be reused.
12) Adsorption - virus binds to the host cell.
13) The quality of carbon also contributes to its adsorption efficiency.
14) Active surface guests can also be used contribute to adsorption .
15) Adsorption is the first step in the viral life cycle.
example sentences with adsorption
16) In adsorption chromatography the stationary phase is a solid.
17) Our results show directly that the heat of adsorption is significantly increased.
18) High hydrogen adsorption enthalpy is also important.
19) Adsorption strengths increase with increased analyte polarity.
20) Figure 1 illustrates the adsorption equipments applied to the present experiments.
21) Most manufacturers use carbon adsorption for impurity removal.
22) Hysteresis can also occur during physical adsorption processes.
23) This is the simplest form of adsorption chromatography.
24) Inhibition by the tested nanoparticles was primarily caused by adsorption .
25) Adsorption and elution of trace elements on human hair.
26) Medium iron-oxide adsorption provides additional removal for some years.
27) Similar to surface tension, adsorption is a consequence of surface energy.
28) The considerations are complex and protein adsorption only adds to the complexity.
How to use adsorption in a sentence
29) The volatile fluorides can be further separated by adsorption and distillation.
30) Chromatography can be described as a mass transfer process involving adsorption .
31) Sorption is the action of both absorption and adsorption takes place simultaneously.
32) AFPs are thought to inhibit growth by an adsorption –inhibition mechanism.
33) Such adsorption may be a problem when using above-ground reactors.
34) At the maximum adsorption , only a monolayer is formed.
35) Roberts DJ, Green P. adsorption of cadmium onto human hair.
36) Adsorption isotherms for a gas on a solid.
37) Can be physical adsorption , ionic bonding, or metal binding chelation.
38) Adsorption and absorption are the most common technologies used in secondary treatment processing.
39) Its use for irrigation is limited by its relatively high sodium adsorption ratio.
40) Condensers and carbon adsorption units trap organic compounds for subsequent treatment or disposal.
You can easily memorize the word and the meaning of adsorption
and This is a fast way of learning the meaning of adsorption with example sentences.
Always focus on the learning on sentences with adsorption
We believe you will easily learn to write and use the word adsorption in a sentence.
You can practice spelling and usage of the word by getting 10 examples of sentences with adsorption.
20 examples of simple sentences of adsorption. We tried to find and publish the the words with Simple Sentences of adsorption
Compound Sentences with adsorption
Complex Sentences with adsorption
Compound-Complex Sentences with adsorption
in a sentence
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Lithium Ion BatteryTwo way radios use several types of battery technologies.Some two-way radios take standard AA batteries that allow you to use rechargeable batteries, but in event of a long power outage, you can use off the shelf AA batteries when your rechargeable batteries die. Other radios use a custom size battery. For these you can purchase spare batteries that you can have charged and ready to go in the event your primary battery charge runs out. Two-way radios come with a charger unit to keep the primary batteries charged, and in the case of custom batteries, they usually include a slot for the backup battery too.
There are three types of batteries that are typically used for rechargeable two-way radios: nickel cadmium (NiCAD), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium ion (LiION). You cant typically choose the type of battery you use for most two-way radios. The manufacturer does that for you. Following are some of the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
Good at low temperatures, resistant to overcharging, long life expectancy, low cost.
Larger and heavier, memory effect reduces effectiveness if not fully discharged,
No memory effect, lighter than NiCAD
Shorter life expectancy, special charger required to limit overcharging.
Fast charging, no memory effect, slow loss of charge when not in use, lighter than other batteries.
Higher cost, after a number of maximum number of charges they no longer accept a charge (typically 500 to 1000).
Base Station Intercom
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How Parents Can Help Teens Hone their Communication Skills
Being able to express themselves effectively and listen attentively is a vital to teens’ development. While your children may not have any problem talking to you or other family members, speaking to others may be leaving them tongue-tied. They may be struggling for words, failing to read non-verbal cues, or using language comprising of slangs, common yet somewhat inappropriate. The importance of strong communication skills for kids can be realized by its impact on their relationships, academics, and even future employability. As parents, you need to help them hone their skills so that they don’t have a hard time understanding others or being understood.
The two-way process
When faced with the question of how to improve communication skills of your teens, begin by getting them to recognize communication as a two-wave process. Help them understand that listening is just as important as talking. Help them develop the former by encouraging to pay attention and don’t let their mind wander when someone is talking. Teach them tolerance as well so that they listen without prejudice or turning aggressive.
Picking up the verbal cues
Body language plays a substantial role during communication, pretty much as substantial as the words that are being said. This only increases the necessity for you to work on developing your teen’s social communication skills, including paralanguage, kinesics and proxemics. Explain the vital role of body language during communication to them. Aside from helping them learn the correct body language for different situations, also hone their ability to read and understand this language. This may save them from misperceptions, misunderstandings and conflicts.
Expanding vocabulary and knowledge
Your teen can learn a great deal from reading books and watching documentaries. Not only do these things increase their vocabulary and improve their expression, but it also enhances and expands their knowledge. Getting teens to develop interest in reading and watching informative content may not be a walk in the park, but considering the benefits, it may be justified to get a bit pushy.
Discouraging street and peer language
The usage of slangs is just as common among teens today as it was at the time when you were passing through your adolescent years. However, the prevalence of social media is making such language second-nature for kids, creating a habit that may prove extremely hard to break. Use of slangs may make it convenient for teens to communicate with their peers, but it can result in a major communication gap them and adults. If they aren’t discouraged from it, it may eventually keep them from making a good impression on their future employers. Making teens realize this may help in reducing frequent usage of slangs among them.
Enhancing articulation
Try to hone your teens’ articulation by engaging them in conversations and encouraging them to talk. You can do this by asking them open-ended questions, which require more than just a yes or no for an answer.
Helping your teens develop strong communication skills is likely to have long-term advantages for them. They may not just benefit from it during their school years, but may also find it helping them through their college and eventually professional life.
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How a Ragamuffin became a Mormon Transhumanist
This post is part of a series of personal narratives written by members of the Mormon Transhumanist Association. Each tells their story of how they became a Transhumanist. Guest: Michaelann Bradley.
The central guiding myth of my life springs from one man. Rich Mullins is a Christian pop singer who became very famous in the early 90s for songs like Awesome God and Sing Your Praise to the Lord.[i]
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Date: Sat, 16 Oct 2021 21:35:38 +0000 (GMT) Message-ID: <238317094.46850.1634420138786@9c5033e110b2> Subject: Exported From Confluence MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_Part_46849_775809243.1634420138786" ------=_Part_46849_775809243.1634420138786 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: file:///C:/exported.html Unnest Transform
Unnest Transform
=20 =20
Unpacks nested dat= a from an Array or Object column to create new rows or columns based on the= keys in the source data. This transform works differently on columns of Array or Object= type.
The unnest transform must in= clude keys that you specify as part of the transform step. To u= nnest a column of array data that contains no keys, use the flat= ten transform. See Flatten Transform.
This transform might be automatically applied as one of the first steps = of your recipe. See In= itial Parsing Steps.
Basic Usage
unnest col: myObj keys:'sourceA','sourceB' pluck:= true markLineage:true
Syntax and Parameters
unnest col:column_ref keys:'key1','key2' [pluck:t= rue|false] [markLineage:true|false]
=20 =20 =20 =20 =20
Token Required? Data Type Description
unnest Y transform Name of the transform
col Y string Source column name
keys Y string Comma-separated list of quoted key= names. See below for examples.
pluck N boolean If true, any values u= nnested from the source are also removed from the source. Default is = false.
markLineage N boolean If true, the names of= new columns are prepended with the name of the source column.
For more information on syntax standards, see Language Documentation Syntax Note= s.
Identifies the column to which to apply the transform. You = can specify only one column.
Usage Notes:
=20 =20 =20
Required? Data Type
Yes String (column name)
Comma-separated list of keys to use to extract data from the specified s= ource column.
NOTE: Keys that contain non-alphanumeric values, such a= s spaces, must be enclosed in square brackets and quotes. Values with under= scores do not require this bracketing.
The comma-separated list of keys determines the columns to generate from= the source data. If you specify three values for keys, the three new colum= ns contain the corresponding values from the source column.
This parameter has different syntax to use for single-level and multi-le= vel nested data. There are also variations in syntax between Object and Arr= ay data type.
Usage Notes:
=20 =20 =20
Required? Data Type
Comma-separated String values.
Syntax e= xamples are provided below.
Keys for Object d= ata - single-level
NOTE: Key names are case-sensitive.
For a single, top-level key in an Object field, you can specify the= key as a simple quoted string:
unnest col:myCol keys: 'myObjKey'
The above looks for the key myObjKey among the top-lev= el keys in the Object and returns the corresponding value for the new colum= n. You can also bracket this key in square brackets:
unnest col:myCol keys: '[myObjKey]'
To specify multiple first-level keys, use the following:
unnest col:myCol keys:'myObjKey','my2ndObjKey'
Keys for Object da= ta - multi-level
You can also reference keys that are below the first level in the Object= .
Example data:
{ "Key1" :
{ "Key1A" :
{ "Key1A1" : "Value1" }
{ "Key2" :
{ "Key2A" :
{ "Key2A1" : "Value2" }
{ "Key3" :
{ "Key3A" :
{ "Key3A1" : "Value3" }
To acquire the data for the Key1A key, use the followi= ng:
unnest col: myCol keys: 'Key1[Key1A]'
In the new column, the displayed value is the following:
{ "Key1A1"=
: "Value1" }
To unnest a third-layer value, use a transform similar to the following:=
unnest col: myCol keys: 'Key2[Key2A][Key2A1= ]'
In the new column, this transform generates a value of Value2= .
Keys for Array data - single level
You can reference array elements using zero-based indexes or key names.<= /p>
NOTE: All references to Array keys must be bracketed. A= rray keys can be referenced by index number only.
Example array data:
unnest col: myCol keys:'[1]'
The above transform retrieves the value orange from th= e array.
Returned values: orange and green.
Keys for Array data - multi-level
The following example nested Array data matches the structure of the Obj= ect data in the previous example:
[ [ "Item1=
To unnest the value for Items2A:
unnest col:myCol keys:'[1][0]'
The value inserted into the new column is the following:
To unnest from the third level:
The inserted value is Item3A.
Indicates whether any values added= from source to output columns should be removed from the source.
Usage Notes:
=20 =20 =20
Required? Data Type
No Boolean
When set to true= , the names of new columns are prepended with the name of the source column= . Example:
Source Column Output Column
mySourceColumn mySourceColumn_column1
Nested key references are appended to the column name:
Source Column Key Value Output Column
mySourceColumn keys: '[Key1][Key2]' mySourceColumn_Key1_Key2
NOTE: If your unnest transform does not ch= ange the number of rows, you can still access source row number information= in the data grid, assuming it was still available when the transform was e= xecuted.
Usage Notes:
=20 =20 =20
Required? Data Type
No Boolean
Tip: For additional examples, see Common Tasks.
Example - Unnest an= Object
You have the following dataset. The Sizes column = contains Object data on available sizes.
=20 =20 =20 =20
ProdId ProdName Sizes
1001 Hat {'Small':'N','Medium':'Y','Large':'Y','Extra-Lar= ge':'Y'}
1003 Pants {'Small':'Y','Medium':'Y','Large':'Y','Extra-Lar= ge':'N'}
NOTE: Depending on the format of your source data, you = might need to perform some replacements in the Sizes column in= order to make it inferred as proper Object type values. The final format s= hould look like the above.
settype col: Sizes type: 'Object'
unnest col:Sizes keys:'Small','Medium','Large','E= xtra-Large' markLineage:true
You might find it useful to add pluck:true to the above transform. When added, values that are un-nested are remo= ved from the source, leaving only the values that weren't processed:=
If all values have been processed, the Sizes col= umn now contains a set of maps missing data. You can use the following= to determine if the length of the remaining data is longer than two charac= ters. This transform is a good one to just preview:
derive type:single value:(LEN(Sizes) > 2) as:'= len_Sizes'
If you sort the values in the generated column, you can review= the true values to see if you need to modify your p= receding unnest transform.You can drop the source co= lumn:
drop col:Sizes
ProdId ProdName Sizes_Small Sizes_Medium Sizes_Large Sizes_Extra-Large
1001 Hat N Y Y Y
1002 Shirt N Y Y N
1003 Pants Y Y Y N
Example - Unnest an array<= /h3>
The following example demonstrates differences between the un= nest and the flatten transform, including how you = use unnest to flatten array data based on specified keys.=
You have the following data on student test scores. Scores on individual= scores are stored in the Scores array, and you need to b= e able to track each test on a uniquely identifiable row. This example has = two goals:
1. One row for each student test
2. Unique identifier for each student-score combination
LastName FirstName Scores
Adams Allen [81,87,83,79]
Burns Bonnie [98,94,92,85]
Cannon Charles [88,81,85,78]
When the data is imported from CSV format, you must add a hea= der transform and remove the quotes from the Scores column:
replace col:Scores with:'' on:`"` global:true
Validate test date: To begin, you might want to check= to see if you have the proper number of test scores for each student. You = can use the following transform to calculate the difference between the exp= ected number of elements in the Scores array (4) and the actual number:=20
derive type:single value: (4 - ARRAY= LEN(Scores)) as: 'numMissingTests'
When the transform is previewe= d, you can see in the sample dataset that all tests are included. You might= or might not want to include this column in the final dataset, as you migh= t identify missing tests when the recipe is run at scale.
Unique row identifier: The Scores&nbs= p;array must be broken out into individual rows for each test. However, the= re is no unique identifier for the row to track individual tests. In theory= , you could use the combination of LastName-FirstName-Scores&nbs= p;values to do so, but if a student recorded the same score twice, y= our dataset has duplicate rows. In the following transform, you create a&nb= sp;parallel array called Tests, which contains an index a= rray for the number of values in the Scores column. Index valu= es start at 0:
derive type:single value:RANGE(0,ARR= AYLEN(Scores)) as:'Tests'
Also, we will want to create an identif= ier for the source row using the=20 SOURCEROWNUMBER function:=20
derive type:single value:SOURCEROWNU= MBER() as:'orderIndex'
One row for each student test: Your data should look like = the following:
LastName FirstName Scores Tests orderIndex
Adams Allen [81,87,83,79] [0,1,2,3] 2
Burns Bonnie [98,94,92,85] [0,1,2,3] 3
Cannon Charles [88,81,85,78] [0,1,2,3] 4
Now, you want to bring together the Tests and Scores arrays into a single nested array using the ARRAYZIP= function:
derive type:single value:ARRAYZIP([T= ests,Scores])
Your dataset has been changed:
LastName FirstName Scores Tests orderIndex column1
Adams Allen [81,87,83,79] [0,1,2,3] 2 [[0,81],[1,87],[2,83],[3,79]]
Adams Bonnie [98,94,92,85] [0,1,2,3] 3 [[0,98],[1,94],[2,92],[3,85]= ]
Cannon Charles [88,81,85,78] [0,1,2,3] 4 [[0,88],[1,81],[2,85],[3,78]= ]
With the flatten transform, you can unpack the nested = array:
flatten col: column1
Each test-score co= mbination is now broken out into a separate row. The nested Test-Score comb= inations must be broken out into separate columns using unnest:=20
Aft= er you drop column1, which is no longer needed you should rename the two g= enerated columns:=20
rename mapping:[column_0,'TestNum']
rename mapping:[column_1,'TestScore']
Unique row identifier: You can do one more step to create = unique test identifiers, which identify the specific test for each student.= The following uses the original row identifier OrderIndex as an identifier for the student and the TestNumber value to create the TestId column value:=20
derive type:single value: (orderInde= x * 10) + TestNum as: 'TestId'
The above are integer values. To m= ake your identifiers look prettier, you might add the following:=20
merge col:'TestId00','TestId'
You might want to generate some summar= y statistical information on this dataset. For example, you might be intere= sted in calculating each student's average test score. This step requires f= iguring out how to properly group the test values. In this case, you cannot= group by the LastName value, and when executed at scale, there might be col= lisions between first names when this recipe is run at scale. So, you might= need to create a kind of primary key using the following:=20
merge col:'LastName','FirstName' with:'-' as:'stu= dentId'
You can now use this as a grouping parameter for your cal= culation:=20
derive type:single value:AVERAGE(Tes= tScore) group:studentId as:'avg_TestScore'
After you drop unnecessary columns and move your columns around, the dat= aset should look like the following:
TestId LastName FirstName TestNum TestScore studentId avg_TestScore
TestId0021 Adams Allen 0 81 Adams-Allen 82.5
TestId0022 Adams Allen 1 87 Adams-Allen 82.5
TestId0023 Adams Allen 2 83 Adams-Allen 82.5
TestId0024 Adams Allen 3 79 Adams-Allen 82.5
TestId0031 Adams Bonnie 0 98 Adams-Bonnie 92.25
TestId0032 Adams Bonnie 1 94 Adams-Bonnie 92.25
TestId0033 Adams Bonnie 2 92 Adams-Bonnie 92.25
TestId0034 Adams Bonnie 3 85 Adams-Bonnie 92.25
TestId0041 Cannon Chris 0 88 Cannon-Chris 83
TestId0042 Cannon Chris 1 81 Cannon-Chris 83
TestId0043 Cannon Chris 2 85 Cannon-Chris 83
TestId0044 Cannon Chris 3 78 Cannon-Chris 83
Example - extracting key values from car data and= then unnesting into separate columns
This example shows how you can unpack data nested in an Object into= separate columns using the following transforms:
You have the following information on used cars. The VIN&nb= sp;column contains vehicle identifiers, and the Properties col= umn contains key-value pairs describing characteristics of each vehicle. Yo= u want to unpack this data into separate columns.
VIN Properties
XX3 JT4522 year=3D2004,make=3DSubaru,model=3DImpreza,color= =3Dgreen,mileage=3D125422,cost=3D3199
HT4 UJ9122 year=3D2006,make=3DVW,model=3DPass= at,color=3Dsilver,mileage=3D102941,cost=3D4599
KC2 WZ9231 year=3D2009,make=3DGMC,model=3DYuk= on,color=3Dblack,mileage=3D68213,cost=3D12899
LL8 UH4921 year=3D2011,make=3DBMW,model=3D328= i,color=3Dbrown,mileage=3D57212,cost=3D16999
Add the following transform, which= identifies all of the key values in the column as beginning with alph= abetical characters.
extractkv col:Properties key:`{alpha}+` valueafte= r:`=3D` delimiter:`,`
Now that the Object of values has been crea= ted, you can use the unnest transform to unpack this mapped data. In the following,= each key is specified, which results in separate columns headed by the nam= ed key:=20
unnest col:extractkv_Properties keys:'year','make= ','model','color','mileage','cost'
When you drop the unnecessary Properties columns, the dataset now looks = like the following:
VIN year make model color mileage cost
XX3 JT4522 2004 Subaru Impreza green 125422 3199
HT4 UJ9122 2006 VW Passat silver 102941 4599
KC2 WZ9231 2009 GMC Yukon black 68213 12899
LL8 UH4921 2011 BMW 328i brown 57212 16999
See Also:
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A Pharisee and a Publican Praying on the Steps of the Temple
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Illustration of two men, one a Pharisee and one a publican, praying on the steps of the temple. The Pharisee in front is standing, while the publican behind him kneels and bows on the steps, arms folded on his chest. Incense burns in a large container behind them.
TIFF (full resolution)
3397×2379, 3.4 MiB
Large GIF
1024×717, 586.7 KiB
Medium GIF
640×448, 263.6 KiB
Small GIF
320×224, 73.3 KiB
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An Agenda for the New Congress
Fotos hueco Congreso
An Agenda for the New Congress
Published on February 17, 2019 / Leer en español
Rosanna close-up
Director - Washington, D.C. Office
Driving in Puerto Rico has its challenges. There’s always the risk of a blowout given the amount and depth of potholes in the streets and highways. Though everyone recognizes the problem, dealing with it is complicated. Typically, the federal and local government share responsibility for road repair and since the cost of replacing every square foot is so expensive, they opt for temporary fixes that take care of the immediate problem. But the potholes eventually reappear, sometimes as deeper, wider craters in the road. To make matters worse, Puerto Rico’s transportation system is designed so that we are dependent on automobiles,so we have to resign ourselves to dodging potholes. to the point we have come to terms with the gaping holes.
Puerto Rico’s public policy functions in a similar manner since the political relationship between the Island and the U.S. has structural deficiencies that impact the island’s financial integrity. In other words, there are “potholes” that are often fixed with temporary solutions, while ignoring the underlying cause. To avoid these temporary fixes, there must be the political will to permanently amend federal laws and regulations. Unfortunately, our history indicates that the shortcomings of a number of important federal programs are dealt with only when Puerto Rico is on the verge of a fiscal cliff and panic begins to spread.
Structural Inequities
After Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico was provided federal disaster relief, as is typically extended to other jurisdictions after natural disasters. As part of the aid packages, Puerto Rico was provided $4.8 billion for its Medicaid program, $1.27 billion in emergency funds for its nutritional assistance program, and a temporary extension in tax reductions under Section 199 of the U.S. tax code, among other forms of relief. However, Puerto Rico is soon approaching dates when it won’t have the ability to meet all of its needs, and that is mainly due to the differences in the way these programs are applied to Puerto Rico. The island is left with no other option but to return to Congress and repeat the same script. To get out of this rut once and for all, the problems must be addressed at their core. Below are two examples of these structural inequities.
According to ASES, the Health Insurance Administration in Puerto Rico, 1,554,018 individuals are eligible to participate in the Medicaid program. The program cost covered by the federal government, known in policy circles as the FMAP, or Federal Medical Assistance Percentage, is arbitrarily capped by law at 55%, as opposed to how it is calculated for other states. If the FMAP were calculated using the same per capita income formula applied to the states, the FMAP for the island could be as high as 83%. Said differently, the government of Puerto Rico is forced to absorb 45% of the cost of the Medicaid program, rather than the 17% it would pay were it provided equal treatment. Further, the amount of federal funds allocated to cover the FMAP is subject to an annual limit. Which means that when funds are exhausted, the government of Puerto Rico is faced with another dilemma: limit the number of individuals who have health coverage or provide fewer medical services. Over the years, the federal government has provided lifelines to prevent such a scenario, but the fundamental problem with the FMAP still remains.
Nutritional Assistance Program
Another example: In 1982, the federal nutritional assistance program (NAP) replaced the traditional supplemental nutrition assistance program, known as SNAP, as the mechanism for providing food assistance to Puerto Rico. Since then, Puerto Rico has received this benefit through a capped block grant administered by the local government. However, the differences in the program’s structure, and therefore, coverage are quite substantial. For example, the subsidy is provided each year as a maximum allocated amount, so that if some exogenous event occurs —such as a hurricane—that negatively affects the population’s economic well-being, the island is not automatically provided an increase in funds, despite facing increased needs. Thus, Puerto Rico receives fewer federal resources to assist low-income families, as compared with other jurisdictions, even though nearly half of the population lives below the federal poverty line.
A New Agenda
These examples illustrate why the Washington, D.C. office of the Center for a New Economy is advocating a less political agenda, one that is more comprehensive and more focused on Puerto Rico’s economic needs. The report from the Congressional Task Force created under PROMESA provides a good starting point, detailing several public policy proposals. One fundamental component would be to extend the earned income tax credit (EITC). In the U.S., the EITC has been recognized as a powerful tool for encouraging individuals to find jobs and for reducing poverty—perhaps two of the biggest socio-economic challenges faced by Puerto Rico.
This year, Washington will be pushing a new agenda for Puerto Rico, and it is critical that everyone recognizes that the most effective way to help Puerto Rico is by discarding limited, piecemeal solutions and instead consider a broader agenda that remedies structural shortcomings, allowing Puerto Rico to focus its attention on economic growth.
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Controlled Environment Agriculture Operations: How to Maximize Resource Efficiency
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vertical farming water quality_controlled agriculture
Over the past year, KETOS has worked closely with several customers to create process controls around water composition and water quality – particularly in controlled environment agriculture operations such as vertical farming.
Recently, KETOS announced a partnership with Re-Nuble. Re-Nuble, is an innovative ag-tech startup that uses organic upcycling technology to transform unrecoverable vegetative food by-products into a platform of sustainable technologies for soilless farming.
During our recent webinar, we spoke with the founder and CEO, Tinia Pina, about her company and the future of farming (and the importance of water). You can listen to the entire session here:
Controlled Environment Agriculture: Vertical Farming Water Quality, Up-Cycling, and Upcoming Challenges
By 2050, it is estimated that roughly 70% of the global population will be living in cities. With the concentration of populations in specific areas, it makes sense that having agricultural practices close to home will help meet the demand. However, food waste still remains a problem. It is not just limited to fruits and vegetables, even inedible parts like roots, stems and trimmings are considered waste. Composting infrastructure remains disparate and currently cannot help the situation.
Traditionally, recycling and reclamation, including anaerobic digesters, have been an expensive endeavor. Both Re-Nuble and Ketos are working to lower costs while increasing efficiencies and reclaiming the nutrient cycle. Ultimately, it is Re-Nuble’s goal to reduce disposal and input costs while increasing resiliency.
Soilless farming also allows for foods to be grown more efficiently closer to consumers. Urban areas can easily create vertical or soilless farms within the communities they serve. Solutions like Re-Nuble and KETOS can help these farms reclaim nutrient cycles on-site, use less water, and affordably grow with fewer chemicals. This enables more substantial crop yields and healthy food access to communities that have traditionally been underserved.
The Challenges of Soilless Farming and Water Quality
One of the challenges farmers face in a soil-free environment is ensuring that plants are getting proper nutrient balance. In these types of operations, water recycling and water management are essential.
Many countries and regions including the UAE, Australia, and closer to home, in California, are enacting policies that enable the increase of water use efficiencies. These policies force the agricultural industry to focus on improving water use and reducing runoff pollution in open field operations.
For soilless agriculture, water reclamation and water reuse help reduce the overall water footprint. However, the reuse process is complex. There are fertigation and UV radiation systems that can remove pathogens but need to be handled in a highly consistent manner to ensure crop health. In these operations, reliable water monitoring is key to ensuring pathogens do not affect the yield or contaminate the water supply.
Solutions tackling water reuse often bifurcate. There may be elements of solutions that help track one thing but not another. It’s essential to leverage solutions (like KETOS) that can track multiple parameters, integrate with disparate systems, and provide a holistic view of vertical farming water quality and usage.
Reclaiming Water and What it Can Do for Controlled Environment Operations
One of the great benefits of controlled environment operations and vertical farming operations is that water can easily be reclaimed and recycled within the environment itself. This allows for a significant reduction in water use compared to traditional open field operations that are often water-intensive.
It is also critical to understand what a crop needs in terms of nutrients at any given time and efficiently deliver those nutrients directly into a plant’s root system.
In the case of Re-Nuble, wastewater is processed using a proprietary biological method. It does not require chemical inputs or any chemically intensive mechanisms, and it is much less intensive than closed hydroponics systems which often require intensive setups that ensure everything from fertigation components to water diagnostics are measured before returning to the farm for reuse.
KETOS simplifies water quality diagnostics for pre-treatment and post-treatment water to provide farmers with transparency into their water supplies – allowing for better control and higher quality, along with more consistent crop outputs.
Trends to Help Soilless Operations Gain Traction
Several trends could accelerate the potential and popularity of controlled environment agriculture. The fact that its capabilities are being mainstreamed in conversations and discourse is creating interest and growth as communities around the world seek solutions that provide for resource efficiency.
In addition, public policy, combined with dynamic markets, is requiring firms to rethink their approach – and has allowed them to be more proactive in technology adoption. Water pricing, or the risk of elevated water pricing, has incentivized operations to get ahead of what might be rising water costs. Seeking out solutions that can help companies and farmers save water and, down the line, money, have further driven interest not just in soilless operations but water efficiencies as well.
As water efficiencies become a requirement for a business’s bottom line, and as communities push for healthier alternatives and a more stable food supply chain, technology and more ingenious ways of growing food will continue to grow in importance and popularity. If companies like KETOS and Re-Nuble can help farmers grow food more efficiently and reduce the cost of doing business, it won’t just benefit the industry, it will benefit the environment and the end consumer as well.
Want to understand how KETOS is helping farmers gain insights and monitor their water in vertical farming, controlled environment, and open field operations? Learn more here
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