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Tigo, UNICEF and Births and Deaths Registry's gets UN recognition
Accra, Oct.3, GNA – Telecom brand of the year, Tigo, UNICEF Ghana and Births and Deaths Registry were recognised at the recent 71st annual session of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly.
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The recognition came on the back of innovative mobile application designed to make birth registration of children smart, quick and reliable in Ghana.
The innovative mobile app was featured in a video and presentation to the audience including Ghana's President John Dramani Mahama, Millicom CEO Mr Mauricio Ramos, donors and UN officials, at the 'Every Woman Every Child' event on the margins of the session.
'Every Woman Every Child' is a global movement that mobilizes and intensifies international and national action by governments, the UN, multilaterals, the private sector and civil society to address the major health challenges facing women, children and adolescents.
The movement puts into action the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health, which presents a roadmap on ending all preventable deaths of women, children and adolescents within a generation.
At the event, President Mahama said: "Lack of birth registration prevents us from knowing how many kids to register for school, vaccines, and quick dissemination of health information through mobile apps will reach more people in more areas, especially women.
"We can empower people widely by giving them access to education and resources –human development opportunities for all. We can do more to end hunger. Especially with mobile innovation that will push attainment of Sustainable Development Goals," he added.
"We are honoured by the UN General Assembly recognition. We are passionate about improving lives in communities in which we operate through the use of technology which is why we embraced the opportunity to collaborate with UNICEF on this initiative. We are excited about the impact this innovation will have in communities across Ghana especially in areas which are hard to reach," said Roshi Motman, the Chief Executive Officer of Tigo, after the event.
"Birth registration is more than just a right. It is how a society first recognizes and acknowledges a child's identity and existence," said Susan Namondo Ngongi, UNICEF Ghana Representative. "Birth registration is also key to guaranteeing that children are not forgotten, denied their rights or hidden from the progress of their nations."
The automated birth registration system is an Android App which has been customized for Tigo Network only, and it operates in both offline and online mode. The tablets use the mobile app to collect data related to the child's name, gender, date of birth and other family details, which are then sent to the central database managed by the Births and Deaths Registry.
Once received, the data is stored and an automated response is sent to the Births and Deaths Registry official on the field, confirming that a certificate can be issued. Whereas data collected through the paper-based system takes six months to be registered in the central system, the mobile registration process achieves this in less than two minutes.
According to analysis done by Births and Deaths Registry, UNICEF and Tigo, at the end of the one year pilot, over 670,800 new births will be registered on the new system by the end of May 2017. This would increase Ghana's birth registration rate to 75 percent, from the previous 65 percent.
← Qualified teachers needed at the kindergarten level – GNAT → Smith vows to create Abuakwa North into a district | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,868 |
2412 CARMARIA COURT - North Vancouver House/Single Family For Sale, 4 Bedrooms - Brandon Crichton, Personal Real Estate Corp.
THIS RARE PROPERTY HAS NEVER BEEN AVAILABLE BEFORE.
A rarity among North Vancouver owners, this property has been lovingly held by the same owner since the 1980's. Originally purchased from the owners who subdivided the property "Carmello and Maria"... hence Carmaria Court!
Tucked at the end of the cul-de-sac, along a street you never knew existed, lies an opportunity to live in one of the most unique & private settings in all of North Vancouver. This 1980's home was built for those looking for a connection to nature while enjoying a sun-drenched backyard that gradually steps down to Hastings Creek. You've got the Hastings Creek trail directly behind the home for quick access to the outdoor life!
A renovated kitchen stares onto the extra-large 12,000 sq. ft lot and enjoys direct sunlight from the oversized windows. 4-bedroom upstairs, including a master bed with a connected private den!
A man-cave media room downstairs professionally equipped for a theatre experience. A Potential suite-option exists downstairs, with 10' ceilings giving the suite-option access to great natural light.
In addition, the XL garage door opening provides access for any RV needs or additional toys.
Please drive slowly, kids are hard at work playing.
Lot Size 12173 Sq. Ft. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,869 |
We would love to show you more. You can follow us on our twitter where we within the next few months will announce one and maybe two new games. And we expect to have at least one more game out this year. (It's easy to say when the year has just started.) Thanks for your feedback. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,870 |
This copy shows the entry on 19-Apr-2019 at 15:26:41.
Cartshed. Late C18. Marlstone rubble with ashlar dressings; Stonesfield-slate and plain-tile roof. Single range. One storey. 3-bay front now has double doors but was probably open. Hipped roof. Interior not inspected. Included for group value. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,871 |
Web.com Tour: Winners of Web.com Tour tournaments in the previous calendar year or in the current calendar year.
Has two older brothers and played all sports growing up. Was obsessed with soccer and loved downhill skiing, which he was in the midst of Junior Olympic training when he walked away from skiing. Began focusing on golf at 13.
Takes pride in penmanship and still writes in cursive.
Involved with The First Tee of the Golden Isles, supporting the local golf community in his current hometown of St. Simons.
Superstitions on the course include always using a quarter as marker, and switching between heads and tails if he misses a putt.
Finished the 2018 Web.com Tour season with 24 starts, one win and two additional top-10 finishes in 12 made cuts. Secured his PGA TOUR card for the 2018-19 season after finishing at No. 19 on the 2018 Web.com Tour Regular Season money list. Was 43rd in the final priority-ranking order.
Rex Hospital Open: Carded rounds of 66-65-69-66–266 (-18) at the Rex Hospital Open to capture his first Web.com Tour title by one stroke over Scott Langley and Hank Lebioda. Sat inside of the top five at the conclusion of each round, and birdied two of his final four holes on Sunday for the victory.
Chitimacha Louisiana Open presented by NACHER: Posted a final-round 68 for a T8 at the Chitimacha Louisiana Open.
Club Colombia Championship: Carded rounds of 68-70-68-71–277 (-7) at the Club Colombia Championship to finish the week T8. Was his first top-10 finish on Tour since the 2014 Albertsons Boise Open presented by Kraft Nabisco.
The Great Waterway Classic: Best season finish was T19 at The Great Waterway Classic in August.
PGA TOUR Canada Q-School-Florida: Finished T23 at the Florida Qualifying Tournament with rounds of 69-69-68-69.
Mr. Golf in the state of Michigan in high school.
1st team All-American, 2nd team All-American, 1st team all SEC. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,872 |
A'isha Buhari bows to pressure, withdraws case against student critic
The First Lady, A'isha Buhari, has bowed to widespread pressure and condemnation, withdrawing the case against a final year student of the Federal University, Dutse, Aminu Mohammed.
Withdrawing the case against the accused yesterday, the prosecution counsel, Fidelis Ogbobe said the First Lady, as the mother of the nation, decided to withdraw the case following the intervention of well-meaning Nigerians.
He relied on Section 108 sub-section 2(a) of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act to move the application for the withdrawal of the case.
Ruling on the matter, Justice Yusuf Halilu, of the FCT High Court, commended the First Lady for taking the "bold steps" to forgive the accused.
While issuing the release warrant of the student, the judge called on parents to always monitor their children to avoid recurrence.
Muhammed, who was reportedly subjected to torture and other ill-treatment, including severe beatings, had faced charges of defamation of the character of the First Lady over a tweet.
According to a Police report, Aminu was arrested at Federal University, Dutse on 18 November 2022, after Mrs. Buhari instructed a team of Police detectives to track him down. He was then held in an unknown location and denied access to his family and lawyer, in clear violation of international human rights law.
NewsAisha Buhari
NLC, TUC demand FG's immediate action against N240 fuel price hike
Northern Christian Muslim religious leaders endorse Atiku | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,873 |
Although it may seem like our society doesn't permit it, life is full of opportunities for second chances, and weight loss surgery works the same way. Michael Feiz, M.D., F.A.C.S., nationally renowned and a master of lap band revision surgery, a procedure that involves removing, and sometimes replacing, the lap band. It may also involve converting the band to sleeve.
The good news for people whose first attempt at weight loss surgery was a disappointment in terms of results or resulted in complications is that the prognosis for gastric sleeve after lap band is outstanding. Dr. Feiz routinely performs these operations and finds that in cases when the lap band surgery doesn't help the patient lose sufficient weight, gastric sleeve is, frequently very effective.
Indeed, one point for patients to consider as they weigh the relative pros and cons of lap band vs. gastric sleeve is gastric sleeve produces results in more ways than the lap band, which is merely restrictive, in that it makes the stomach smaller with a band. Sleeve gastrectomy, as it is also called, removes alarge part of the stomach, including the area which sends hunger cues to the brain. These cues are sent by a hormone called Ghrelin, which makes us hungry. In obese persons, this hunger often runs rampant throughout the day. Ghrelin production even can appear to increase in obese people as they lose weight, which makes them feel physically hungry, even if they know they're consumed more than enough food.
Contact Dr. Feiz today for further information about free informational weight loss seminars in Los Angeles. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,874 |
If you are interested in learning about how the abuse victims are lured into a relationship with a psychopath, a narcissist or another abusive personality, then you can check out this post I put up on the Lovely Wounded Lady blog today. You can see the post HERE.
This post is about the mirroring technique used by narcissists to lure people in and make them think that they share your feelings and beliefs. This technique is used during the idealization phase.
The idealization phase is the first phase of narcissistic abuse. It is the time they lure in their target, gather personal information to use against them later and begin brainwashing and conditioning processes.
The mirroring technique is one of the main ones used during the idealization phase.
This mirroring technique comes from NLP and it is a neutral technique of creating a rapport with other people. It can be used for good purposes by good people. But like all good things, it can be used for malicious purposes by someone who has insidious intentions.
This post included a great video by an NLP practitioner. His intention in the video is to teach teach the mirroring as something to be used by good people and there is no evil intent in his video. I am only using the video in my post because it does a good job of explaining how we psychologically respond to mirroring.
You can send me a message on the contact page there. You can add your email address for newsletter and specials and coupons.
You can reserve your coaching time and get more info about pricing which begins at 15 dollars. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,875 |
YOUNGSVILLE, NC, January 31, 2017 — Xerium Technologies, Inc. (NYSE:XRM), a leading producer of fabrics and roll covers used in the production of paper and packaging, nonwovens, and other industrial manufacturing processes, announced today that the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted patent number 9,488,217 for its EnerVent roll cover venting technology.
First introduced in 2014, EnerVent's unique technology is proven to reduce energy consumption, improve drying rates and increase production output for machines producing tissue, paperboard and packaging, and graphical papers.
Now patented, EnerVent is engineered with wider grooves and shallower depths creating greater groove wall stability and void volume longevity. EnerVent covers remain effective under load, with softer covers, and throughout the cover life, creating optimal running conditions. Additionally, this technology is available in rubber and polyurethane covers, supplied only by Xerium.
"Obtaining this latest patent represents our ongoing strategic focus of being the technology leader in our markets and creating documented value for our customers. EnerVent technology is creating benefits approaching, or in excess of, $1 million dollars in energy savings and production gains for several customers," adds Butterfield.
Learn more about Xerium at http://www.xerium.com/.
Xerium is a leading producer of fabrics and roll covers used in the production of paper and packaging, nonwovens, and other industrial manufacturing processes. Xerium's technology portfolio also includes integrated machine monitoring and automation applications that analyze and deliver real-time machine performance data. With a breadth of patented and proprietary products and services, Xerium provides customers with tailored solutions all designed to reduce their operational costs and optimize their machine's performance. Xerium is headquartered in Youngsville, NC and has 28 manufacturing facilities in 13 countries with approximately 2,900 employees. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,876 |
Enes es un género de escarabajos longicornios de la tribu Acanthocinini.
Especies
Referencias
Acanthocinini
Géneros de insectos | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 9,877 |
Parker Esse
After performing on Broadway, in national tours, and regionally, Parker Esse followed his passion to the other side of the creative table as director/choreographer. He is a multiple Helen Hayes and CT Critics Circle nominee, and the 2010 Helen Hayes Winner for Best Choreography for Arena Stage's Oklahoma!
Mr. Esse has served as director/choreographer for Crazy for You and West Side Story at the Finger Lakes Musical Th...read more
Mr. Esse has served as director/choreographer for Crazy for You and West Side Story at the Finger Lakes Musical Theatre Festival, and choreographer for Sondheim and Marsalis' A Bed and a Chair: A New York Love Affair directed by John Doyle at New York City Center Encores! and Jazz at Lincoln Center; Rags, A Wonderful Life, Fiddler on the Roof, The Most Happy Fella, and Carousel at Goodspeed Opera House; The Pajama Game, Carousel, Oliver!, Fiddler on the Roof, Smokey Joe's Café, The Music Man, and The Light in the Piazza at Arena Stage; West Side Story at Signature Theatre; Little Shop Of Horrors and Bells Are Ringing at Berkshire Musical Theatre Festival; Me and My Girl, Sweet Charity and Guys and Dolls at Canada's Shaw Festival.
He served as associate choreographer for Broadway's Finian's Rainbow and A Tale of Two Cities; five New York City Center Encores! productions; Off-Broadway's Rated P for Parenthood; Pre-Broadway/National Tours of Hazel The Musical, Bull Durham, Follies, Lucky Guy, Dancing in the Dark, 101 Dalmatians - The Musical, and Mame.
Parker is co-founder and artistic director of The Broadway Master Class Series and a proud member of the Stage Directors and Choreographers Society.
Class will focus on technique, musicality, confidence, and being a dynamic storyteller through dance. Starting with an upbeat, core building warm up, class will progress with across the floor exercises including jumps and turns. The variety of choreography taught each week will give students a chance to strengthen audition performance and re-enforce the skills they need to be successful as a musical theatre performer. The positive, supportive, ask any questions you want environment will foster students' greatest potential. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,878 |
Blogs Events
Toshiba LEAD 2016: Style Meets Substance
July 10, 2016 October 15, 2018 Patricia Ames The Analyst Corner
by Patricia Ames
When a dealer announces the launch of 23 new MFPs before its annual dealer meeting even kicks off, your expectations are automatically raised. Such was the case with Toshiba, which issued a press release announcing the new hardware the morning of its LEAD event — its annual conference for dealers and end users, held in Las Vegas May 16-19.
For the first time this year, Toshiba combined its Toshiba America Business Systems' LEAD conference with Toshiba Connect, the Toshiba Global Commerce Solutions (TGCS) annual event. According to the firm's marketing materials, this allowed attendees to "experience the synergy of Toshiba solutions offered by both companies." It also allowed for an event lineup that featured some impressive speakers and entertainment — including keynote speakers James Carville and Mary Matalin (who got in the classic quote "If you have ADHD and are over 30 and like a glass of wine you probably shouldn't have a Twitter account" — oops) and closing-night entertainers The B-52s.
Getting down to business, however, were the keynote and breakout sessions. These included company updates from Scott Maccabe, president and CEO of both TGCS and TABS, who discussed the new MFPs, which represent a total refresh of Toshiba's hardware lineup; TABS' digital signage, which has been an important part of the company's focus for the last couple of years; and the integration between that lineup and TGCS' point-of-sale technologies.
Vice President of Product and Solutions Marketing Joe Contreras and Chief Marketing Officer Bill Melo reinforced the importance of the new hardware for TABS and its dealers — key for both the assembled dealers and more than 500 end users. In fact, the combined meetings plus record number of end users led to the largest-ever LEAD event.
The new hardware was definitely the star of the show — the new MFP lineup includes two e-STUDIO2500AC series models, five e-STUDIO5005AC series models and six e-STUDIO7506AC series models on the color end, and six e-STUDIO5008A series models and four e-STUDIO8508A series models on the monochrome end — a total of 13 color models and 10 monochrome models, all of which will ship by this summer.
The devices offer a number of new features, but one of the most notable and often remarked on was their looks. They are matte black with tablet-style user interfaces, and they looked sharp. More than that, though, they offer a number of new features including a new Intel processor, a dual-scan document feeder that delivers up to 240 images per minute, and the included Embedded Application Platform that allows the MFPs to embed third-party applications or connect to the cloud — something we are seeing as essentially expected in today's market.
The breakout sessions at the conference reinforced this need. Included in the lineup was Business Process Automation: Simplify Your Workflow" by Lexmark's Phil Boatman — Lexmark, a longtime Toshiba partner, was the event's title sponsor. Also speaking to the changing nature of the MFP was "Gain Control of Document Workflows and Security Challenges" by Nuance's Chris Strammiello. While this topic is of paramount importance in today's connected environment, the significance of the integration with Nuance was reinforced when TABS and Nuance announced a multi-year strategic partnership that allows Toshiba to sell and distribute Nuance's AutoStore and Equitrac document solutions through both Toshiba's independent dealer network and direct sales operations. According to the announcement, "the Nuance/Toshiba collaboration will enable current and future e-STUDIO multifunction products (MFPs) to offer front panel integration with the two flagship Nuance offerings providing Toshiba customers with unparalleled productivity, efficiency and security."
The Nuance Equitrac offering will be part of an integration in a vertical market control panel specific to education — one of several customized templates that will be available for a number of markets, that also include health care and finance. Toshiba will be providing training for its dealers on each vertical, providing them with certifications.
Proving that style is nothing without substance, Toshiba's 2016 event included record attendance and stylish new machines, and backed them up with technology, customization and training that will serve its dealers well in the coming year. We look forward to seeing the future implementation of some of TABS' announcements, the performance of the new devices, and how the company plans to top the event in 2017.
Patricia Ames is senior analyst for BPO Media, which publishes The Imaging Channel and Workflow magazines. As a market analyst and industry consultant, Ames has worked for prominent consulting firms including KPMG and has more than 10 years experience in the imaging industry covering technology and business sectors. Ames has lived and worked in the United States, Southeast Asia and Europe and enjoys being a part of a global industry and community. Follow her on Twitter at @OTGPublisher or contact her by email at [email protected].
← PrintFleet Joins United Nations Global Compact
Even the Mighty Must Bend in the Wind: HP's Printing Sales Model Update Part 2 →
HP Launches JetIntelligence
March 19, 2015 The Imaging Channel
HP's Spring Launch Part 3: In the Shadow of the PageWide Debut, New OfficeJets and LaserJets Bow
A Tale of Two Xeroxes
April 26, 2016 John McIntyre
Show and Tell: Canon Demonstrates the One Canon Approach
HP Inc. Ups the Stakes When It Comes to Printer Security | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,879 |
Your tickets are purchased, your hotel is booked, and your Kindle is loaded with beach reads—now all you need is a wardrobe worthy of your tropical destination. These beachy picks are the lighthearted pieces you've been craving since winter began. All the essentials are here; just don't forgot your sunscreen.
Read on for a little vacation inspiration; then shop a few staples for your warm-weather getaway!
Check out more vacation inspiration! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,880 |
2 suspects in custody in deadly Mandeville officer shooting
Updated: 5:17 PM CDT Sep 20, 2019
Michael Vinsanau
A Mandeville police officer was killed Friday, and another one was injured in a shootout near highways 190 and 22. The Mandeville police chief confirmed that the officers were shot. A source confirmed to WDSU that one of the officers was killed, and the other was injured. According to the St. Tammany Parish Sheriff's Office, two suspects involved in the incident are in custody. The Louisiana State Police and Slidell Police Department will be taking over the investigation. Mandeville Police Chief Gerald Sticker said in a press conference with LSP that he is awaiting the family's permission to release the deceased officer's name. Sticker said a wife and children were grieving the officer's loss. Sticker also said that the weapon used in the incident was recovered. Highway 190 is now open to drivers. Gov.John Bel Edwards tweeted his condolences to the officer's families following the incident. St. Tammany Parish President Pat Brister issued the following statement on the incident: "We are shocked at the sad and tragic news today of the shooting of two Mandeville Police officers in the line of duty - one of them fatally. We ask that our community come together in prayer and support for these officers, their families, and the Mandeville Police Department."According to Sticker, it has been over 50 years since an officer was killed in the line of duty in Mandeville.
MANDEVILLE, La. —
A Mandeville police officer was killed Friday, and another one was injured in a shootout near highways 190 and 22.
The Mandeville police chief confirmed that the officers were shot.
Northshore residents mourning death of Capt. Vincent Liberto, Jr.
A source confirmed to WDSU that one of the officers was killed, and the other was injured.
According to the St. Tammany Parish Sheriff's Office, two suspects involved in the incident are in custody.
The Louisiana State Police and Slidell Police Department will be taking over the investigation.
Mandeville Police Chief Gerald Sticker said in a press conference with LSP that he is awaiting the family's permission to release the deceased officer's name.
Sticker said a wife and children were grieving the officer's loss.
"We have a wife grieving. We have children grieving." @wdsu
— AUBRY KILLION (@AubryKWDSU) September 20, 2019
Sticker also said that the weapon used in the incident was recovered.
"This is a bad day for Mandeville Police Department."
Highway 190 is now open to drivers.
Gov.John Bel Edwards tweeted his condolences to the officer's families following the incident.
Our hearts go out to the officer's family and friends, the people of Mandeville and the entire law enforcement community. Please join @FirstLadyOfLA and me in praying for our state today. #lagov #lalege
— John Bel Edwards (@LouisianaGov) September 20, 2019
St. Tammany Parish President Pat Brister issued the following statement on the incident:
"We are shocked at the sad and tragic news today of the shooting of two Mandeville Police officers in the line of duty - one of them fatally. We ask that our community come together in prayer and support for these officers, their families, and the Mandeville Police Department."
According to Sticker, it has been over 50 years since an officer was killed in the line of duty in Mandeville. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,881 |
Medical professionals carefully embrace social media
Elizabeth Baier
Rochester, Minn.
PlayListenMedical professionals carefully embrace social media
The public Facebook profile of Rochester's Kopper Family Dental.
Screengrab of Facebook public profile
Social media has become ubiquitous as sites like Facebook and Twitter allow users to stay in touch with friends and many others.
But for professionals like teachers, police officers and doctors, there are ethical issues to consider before sending out a tweet or accepting a friend request. For some, navigating the virtual and real worlds can be a challenge, as well as a risk.
To get a sense of how Rochester's doctors and medical professionals are using social media, I spoke with my own dentist, Kevin Kopper. He and his wife own a small practice, and they've taken to Facebook to connect with patients.
"To be honest, there's a set of patients that prefer to contact you about appointments and things just through Facebook, rather than call, rather than e-mail," Kopper said.
The couple's practice has a business page, kind of like an ad, with office hours, and general business information. But most of the real interaction — the private messages, the liking, the scheduling — all that happens from their personal accounts.
Kopper says because they're a private practice, those online conversations are extensions of the small talk that happens inside the office. He emphasizes that it's all small talk — and nothing that reveals private patient information.
"I think people like the personal contact. And we're a small practice. It's just my wife and I, and one employee. And you could say there's private things you should keep private," Kopper said. "But honestly, here, when we're working, we generally talk about our lives anyway, so we don't really have anything to hide that way. So I guess it's okay."
Some patients think that's just fine. They include Matthew Clark, a 30-year old nursing assistant in Rochester who is a friend of the Koppers on Facebook.
"We have a lot of stuff in common. We like a lot of the same music. I didn't see a provider-patient conflict," Clark said. "It's not like we hang out outside of it. It's Facebook, it's just Facebook. You know, you don't really get that super close to everyone you're friends with on Facebook."
Clark said virtual connections work for some but certainly not all medical professionals. In 2009, after he received a heart transplant at Mayo, he wanted to friend his doctors but he knew he shouldn't. His training as a health care worker at Mayo helped him understand why he shouldn't blur that line with his own doctors.
"You have someone save your life, you want to be friends with them," Clark said. "I mean, you want to have interactions with them and that was a really important person to you and it's hard to delineate the difference between their taking care of you versus they're your friend."
In the digital age, the biggest concern for doctors is maintaining patient confidentiality.
Mayo Clinic has a social media policy that discourages friending patients online. It also reminds doctors never to practice medicine in public. But those are professional expectations that shouldn't scare doctors from using platforms like Twitter to interact with patients, said Lee Aase, director of Mayo Clinic's Center for Social Media.
"The reality is that the patient and consumers have been online doing these discussions for a really long time," Aase said. "And it's just a matter of whether the professionals join them and provide their perspective and expertise in the discussion as well."
One safe bet, Aase says, is for doctors to let patients follow them first.
"That's probably a safer way too of doing it," he said. "That way, if the patient is initiating it, you're clearly complying with what the patient's interest is and that initiation probably is safer."
The clinic's center for social media has trained about 350 employees in voluntary social media boot camps since 2011.
Among them is 31-year-old Angela Mattke, a general pediatrician. She stopped using Facebook after some of her patients' parents started to friend her. But in the last year, she's used Twitter to share her expertise to a broader audience — including her young patient's parents.
"Your office visit is so short, 15 minute visits for a full well-child check," Mattke said. "This way, we can continue the conversation and I can give them more resources that way. I'm not able to e-mail patients currently, but this is a way I can send that information out to them."
Mattke said Twitter lets her maintain an appropriate level of distance. She's slowly building her following, sharing links and joining virtual chats. But she's still cautious about engaging with patients, and she'll never answer patient-specific questions on social media. For that, she said, a doctor's visit will still have to do. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,882 |
22nd Annual Hopscotch Festival Grand Tasting Hall is coming up November 25 & 26th in Vancouver! 🍻 🥃 🍷 What's new this year? LOTS! Including a BC Craft Beer Pavilion sponsored by us! What else?
MORE BOOTHS. Last year 80 booths, this year over 130! More products. More selection, more great beer, whisky, spirits and so many other additions.
CATEGORIZED SECTIONS. The BC Craft Beer Pavilion, Beers From Around The World, Whisky Corner, The Rose Garden (wine), Spirits Of The Globe and Craft Cocktails are some of the different areas within the hall this year.
LOCAL: BC CRAFT BEER PAVILION 🍺 New for the very first time in Hopscotch Festival history, we will showcase all of the amazing BC Craft beers in the same area. Sponsored by us, BC Craft Brewers Guild, LOCAL will be showcase so many of the amazing breweries producing delicious craft beer in BC. This will offer an opportunity for guests to really see (AND TASTE) the magic that is BC Craft.
Tickets are now sold out! A few more may be released day of, so check the link below. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,883 |
O'Keefe named ASM Fellow
Posted by Mary Helen Stoltz
Dr. Matthew J. O'Keefe
Dr. Matt O'Keefe was named Fellow of ASM International.
Dr. Matt O'Keefe, chair of materials science and engineering and a professor of metallurgical engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology, has been named a Fellow of ASM International, a leading association of metals-centric materials scientists and engineers with over 30,000 worldwide members.
O'Keefe, who has been a member of the Missouri S&T faculty for 17 years, was recognized for his contribution to the understanding of corrosion mechanism leading to the development and use of sustainable rare-earth-based coatings for lightweight metallic alloys. The honor will be conferred on Tuesday, Oct. 25, at the Materials Science and Technology 2016 Conference in Salt Lake City, Utah.
O'Keefe has active research in thin films, coatings, environmentally friendly processing and characterization of materials, and he teaches courses in metallurgical engineering and ceramic engineering.
He joined the Missouri S&T faculty in 1999 as an associate professor of metallurgical engineering. He became a full professor in 2006, and in 2007 he was named director of the Materials Research Center. From September 2014 to July 2015, O'Keefe served as interim assistant vice chancellor for Global Learning. He was named chair of materials science and engineering in 2016.
O'Keefe is the co-author of two book chapters, more than 60 peer-reviewed articles and 70 conference proceedings, is a major advisor for nine Ph.D., nine master's and 10 post-doctoral students. He is co-inventor on three U.S. patents, two of which have been licensed for commercial application.
While at Missouri S&T, O'Keefe has received eight faculty excellence awards, three campus outstanding teaching awards and two Metallurgy Professor of the Year awards.
He is a member of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, the Materials Research Society, ASM International (formerly the American Society for Metals), NACE International (Corrosion Society), Alpha Sigma Mu, Tau Beta Pi and Phi Kappa Theta social fraternity. He also is a graduate of the University of Missouri Leadership Development Program.
O'Keefe earned a bachelor of science degree in metallurgical engineering from Missouri S&T in 1985. He earned a Ph.D. in metallurgical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1993.
On June 22, 2016. Posted in College of Engineering and Computing, Featured, Materials Science and Engineering, People
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Daniel oerther says: | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,884 |
Top Ten Most Frustrating Factors of M.S.
By Julie Brush
I am not a survivor of a disease. I live with a disease, one which will never have an end. Here are a few major hurdles people living with M.S. have to cope with on a daily basis.
1. The road to diagnosis can be long, draining, scary and expensive as you try to make sense of a myriad of symptoms. You may wonder why your left foot is dragging or why you feel like the room is tilted or why your legs are numb. These are just a few of the symptoms that can be present prior to diagnosis.
2. Most people don't realize that MS is one of the most expensive diseases to treat. Since there is no cure and no chance of beating this disease, you must spend your life maintaining it and these costs can be astronomical.
3. Once you are diagnosed with this disease, someone you know will inevitably say, "But you look okay." This is a frustrating statement to hear and there are books on how to cope with this kind of attitude. While you may appear fine at that point and time, symptoms of M.S. can shift and progess day to day and even hour to hour.
4. Since so many symptoms of M.S. are invisible, i.e. pain, numbness and tingling, oftentimes your family members, loved ones and coworkers may think you are malingering. Rest assured the community impacted by this disease intimately understands the gravity of your symptoms, invisible or not.
5. Choice of treatment is a huge decision that can have several outcomes. Deciding treatment modalities like whether to use an injection, infusion or oral medications to modify the progression of the disease can be an extremely long and daunting process.
6. Symptoms can change from day to day,hour to hour and many times,within a matter of minutes.
7. Oftentimes, you can go through the five stages of grief on a daily basis. (Only a person with M.S. understands this).
8. It can hard to cope with the loss of the things you used to do and love along with constantly trying to figure out ways to modify the things you once loved, again. Whether it's running, biking or even walking, you're never sure what will happen next to impact the life you've always known.
9. The sheer unpredictability of the disease and the fact that there is no cure can be unbearable.
10. Going to bed each night,wondering if tomorrow will be the day you will wake up and not be able to walk.
article source: HealthSource
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Teva to commence third Phase III study of laquinimod for RRMS
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Active Biotech provided today an update on the clinical development program of once-daily oral laquinimod for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The companies are to initiate a third Phase III study of laquinimod, following the written agreement reached with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the Special Protocol Assessment (SPA).
The third Phase III laquinimod trial CONCERTO will evaluate two doses of the investigational product (0.6mg and 1.2mg) in approximately 1,800 patients for up to 24 months. The primary outcome measure will be confirmed disability progression as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).
"The results achieved in the previous Phase III trials of laquinimod support the clinical utility of this compound as a unique treatment option for multiple sclerosis," said Dr. Michael Hayden, President of Global R&D and Chief Scientific Officer, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. "We are encouraged by the FDA's agreement on the trial design and planned analysis, and look forward to further developing laquinimod as a potential treatment option for RRMS patients."
Source: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
and News medical
How Does Multiple Sclerosis Progress? Possible Clues Discovered
Researchers have discovered that one or more substances produced by a certain type of immune cell may be involved in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease affecting the brain and spinal cord, may be involved caused by. The finding might lead to new, targeted treatments for those suffering from MS.
Leading researcher, Robert Lisak, M.D., a professor of neurology at Wayne State explained that B cells belong to a subset of circulating white blood cells (lymphocytes), which become immunoglobulin (antibodies) producing plasma cells when mature. However, B cells also seem to play a role in controlling other lymphocytes, particularly T cells, and help to regulate a healthy immune system.
The B cells attack the brain and spinal cord in patients with MS, which could be due to the fact that the nervous system and the meninges, the covering of the brain and spinal cord, produce substances that attract the B cells. Once within the meninges or central nervous system, the activated B cells secrete one or several substances that damage oligodendrocytes, i.e. cells that produce myelin, a protective substance, yet which do not seem to affect the immunoglobulins. The scientists observed that B cells seem to be more active in MS patients. This may explain whey these cells produce toxic substances and partially why they are attracted by the nervous system and the meninges.
Most of the brain is split into gray areas that contain neurons, and white areas, where neurons send their axons just like electrical cables carry messages, in order to communicate with other neurons and transfer messages from the brain to the muscles. The white parts of the brain have their particular color because the oligodendrocytes produce myelin, the axons' coating/insulation similar to that to the plastic coating of electrical cables, which is rich in cholesterol. Myelin accelerates communication along the axons, making it more reliable, yet when this coating degrades or is attacked, it can lead to 'leakages' or messages being sent to the wrong receptor during communication from the brain to other body parts. The team noted that oligodendrocytes also appear to play a role in other activities, which are vital for the nerve cells and their axons.
Motorcyclist with MS Begins One Million Mile Journey for MS Awareness
Paul Pelland, a Londonderry, NH resident and former long distance motorcycle competitor has just begun the longest and hardest ride of his life, in hopes of empowering others with Multiple Sclerosisto find ways to follow their dreams and passions, while at the same time bringing public awareness about the disabling disease, and raising money for a cure.
Londonderry, New Hampshire (PRWEB) August 07, 2012
Paul, who was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis in 2005 after experiencing weakness and numbness in his hands as well as cognitive difficulties, will attempt to ride one million miles, attending and speaking at various MS patient events across the United States. Along the way, Paul will also be attempting various long distance challenges and records. Next spring he will attempt to break a record by riding 50,000 miles in 50 days, all in the name of MS. Before getting his diagnosis, Paul was a top ten finisher of the Ironbutt Rally, an 11 day 11,000 mile motorcycle endurance event known as, "The World's Toughest Motorcycle Competition."
"Long Distance Riding is never about speed, but my Endless Road Tour is definitely a race." Paul states, "It's a race against time. My ability clock is ticking."
INNOVATIVE, STATE OF THE ART SWISS TECHNOLOGY COMES TO THE UNITED STATES
By Karen Altonen and Ed Gray, OT/PTA
Therapy options have vastly improved for Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, stroke, balance and other patients with physical challenges. Most recently two new physical therapy centers imported from Switzerland a proven, technologically advanced, FDA approved medical device specifically designed to help people with movement disorders. Successfully treating patients for over 20 years in Europe, the GIGERMD® medical device was designed by Adrian Giger out of the compassion and love for a family member suffering from the limitations brought on by MS. What is so unique about the Swiss-made GIGERMD® medical device? The medical GIGERMD® device offers a painless way to re-educate the muscles, adjust heart rate and/or activate other muscles with less than a pound of resistance.
The GIGERMD® medical device also incorporates active biofeedback technology to provide audio-visual stimulation in combination with coordinated movements of the limbs. This biofeedback portion can be used to train patients how to manage or change troublesome physical symptoms using a non-invasive process. This is what makes the GIGERMD® medical device so unique; a physical and visual stimulus that directs a patient to maximize the benefits of therapy with minimal discomfort or resistance.
An added advantage of the GIGERMD® medical device is that it records each session so progress is measured and available for review at the end of every session. No other therapy or medical device in the US can offer a therapy patient so much and so easily.
Patients have travelled from New Jersey, Boston, MA; Austin, TX and Naples, FL just to have a session with the GIGERMD® medical device. Testimonies from patients treated on the GIGERMD® medical device include statements like, "it's the best investment I have made in my healthcare "and "We both believe the equipment was beneficial for his overall physical therapy and was as responsible as the other exercises to his improved movements."
Florida currently has two locations offering the GIGERMD® medical device:
Avenue Therapy in the Piper Glen Plaza, 12040 Jog Road, Boynton Beach, Phone 561-733-5083
or at the GIGERMD® Movement Therapy Center, Shops of Boca Grove, 21065 Powerline Road, Boca Raton; Phone 561-883-7800.
Call either location for more information or to set up a visit.
Once you try the GIGERMD® medical device you will discover for yourself the changes that are possible.
Disclaimer: As a service and courtesy to you, the MS Views and News/Stu's Views & MS News organization wants to inform you of the product shown above. MSVN has had no role in developing the content of the information and we do not agree nor disagree with the content written or hope for treatment success. To learn more of this product and what it might do for you, contact either of the numbers shown above.
NBC TO SHARON OSBOURNE We Didn't FIRE Jack O. Over M.S. Diagnosis
NBC is lashing back at Sharon Osbourne ... claiming she was DEAD WRONG when she insisted the network fired her son from a reality show because he was recently diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.
Sharon had told the media she was quitting her gig on "America's Got Talent" because NBC had "discriminated" against Jack Osbourne by dropping him from an upcoming reality show called, "Stars Earn Stripes" ... in which celebrities compete in various military-style physical challenges.
And to make matters worse, Sharon had claimed Jack was notified by e-mail ... just two days before production was set to begin.
But NBC claims Sharon is blowing the whole thing out of of proportion -- but admits the network decided to NOT ask Jack to participate as a contestant after going through vigorous medical screening.
Richard M. Cohen:A Reluctant Role Model
His Personal Story and Coping Tips
written by Debbie Serating
I recently watched an interview with Meredith Vieira and her husband,Richard Cohen,an Emmy and Peabody-award winning former television producer,journalist and reporter who has had MS since 1973,when,at that time,the standard practice of "diagnose and adios"was all that was offered: "Go home and rest,there's nothing the medical profession can do for you.Good luck."
Since then,he has become an advocate for our disease,raising awareness and asking for research contributions,and expertly using his own experiences as a guideline for those who are battling this illness themselves.Through his skillful writing--he authored a compelling memoir called"Blindsided"(he has been legally blind since never fully recovering from optic neuritis)with such honesty and eloquence,never veering from the sobering truth of his debillitating condition-as well as an ongoing online column for AARP magazine,called Chronically Upbeat--Cohen has become a lifeline to others navigating through the rough waters of chronic illness,and is now a powerful voice for those seeking guidance.
We need his voice.
But don't call him brave or heroic,just determined to live life fully and to help fellow MS sufferers do the same.Cohen says:"There are no medals,no merit badges or awards given for coping; only a life lived well,with meaning and purpose,that are their own rewards."
Here are some other suggestions:
Stay connected.Healthy relationships and family support will sustain you.
(He and Meredith have been married for 26 years and have 3 children).
If you want your kids to become happy and secure adults,don't keep secrets at home. Be open and direct with them;they are smarter than you are, and will intuitively know when you are not being truthful.
A sense of humor always helps.Note the absurdity of it all,and laugh about it-try not to take it too seriously,and realize that progressive diseases progress.Make your peace with that as best you can.
Good advice from a wise man!
MS Life Insurance
In a past article, we talked about how using an expert in multiple sclerosis life insurance can save you lots of money and frustration in obtaining life insurance coverage. What is it that MS life insurance specialists look at to help you get the best price? Here is some of what goes into underwriting for MS.
· Type of multiple sclerosis. A person with Relapsing/Remitting Multiple Sclerosis is most likely to get a policy that will pay 100% of the death benefit from day one, and the lowest rates. For any of the Progressive types of MS, there are policies available, but they often No Exam policies that have a waiting period of 2-4 years before they pay 100% of the death benefit. Of course, there are exceptions, as sometimes people with Relapsing/Remitting MS have many serious complications, while some people with one of the Progressive types of MS have been misdiagnosed or have had no progression for years. An experienced MS life insurance specialist will sort this out and find the best rate for any scenario.
· When diagnosed. Most life insurance companies like to wait a year after an MS diagnosis so they can see stability before making an offer. However, there are also policies that one can get shortly after being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Policies are higher priced when obtained in the first year, but can be replaced if/when able to obtain a more favorable rate down the road. After that first year, the rate does not depend so much on how long someone has had MS as it does the symptoms, whether there are new lesions, and frequency of exacerbations.
· Symptoms. It seems that no two people with MS have exactly the same symptoms, and therefore underwriting for MS life insurance can be complicated. Generally, the fewer the symptoms, the better the rate will be. Symptoms considered are: need of assistance for walking, depression, incontinence, nerve pain, memory loss, frequency of exacerbations, and whether one needs home health or institutionalized care. Whether or not you are capable of working fulltime is also a consideration. There are policies to cover almost every symptom, so never assume you are uninsurable due to MS.
· Treatment. People who have had good results with approved MS treatments such as Copaxone, Rebif, and Avonex are likely to get better rates than those who cannot tolerate treatment, or have used an unconventional treatment such as stem cell transplant. The best multiple sclerosis life insurance companies do keep up with research, so we expect that as approved treatments evolve, life insurance rates will reflect the effectiveness of the treatment.
When choosing life insurance, people with MS may find some types of coverage more available, or more suitable, for their situation than others. That is a whole blog to itself. Just know that there are professionals out there who know what they are talking about when it comes to MS Life Insurance. You are not alone, you are not unique, and you can get responsible and money saving advice.
For more information, contact Peggy Mace, COO of Outlook Life, at [email protected]
The above message has been provided for informational purpose
MS - A DAY IN THE LIFE - a Patient's story
The below diary piece is my effort to show how much work combating a progressive disease can require. It's not the way, it's just my way. This isn't to brag or to make anyone feel inadequate or unproductive, though I suspect many of you will relate to certain aspects of this experience. We've all got to fight this thing any way we can.
9 am: Awakened by alarm, sit up in bed, drag the morning drugs out of my nightstand. Begin the day by taking one Ampyra, two Mycophenelate (the drug intended to aid with organ transplant that is supposed to help slow the progression of MS). Scooter to bathroom, empty bladder. Take first Tizanidine tablet of day.
Have breakfast of low sugar, high fiber cereal with soymilk. Fresh berries if they are available. Go back to bedroom/office, call insurance company, drug companies as required. This can suck up an hour of a typical morning. Depending on the day, I will use some of the morning for life coaching. Between 11 am and 12 pm, I head over to the gym, located conveniently down the block from my apartment. I spend 1 ½ - 2 hours using a variety of machines to maintain my strength.
NIH researchers implicate unique cell type in multiple sclerosis
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have found evidence that a unique type of immune cell contributes to multiple sclerosis (MS). Their discovery helps define the effects of one of the newest drugs under investigation for treating MS — daclizumab — and could lead to a new class of drugs for treating MS and other autoimmune disorders.
In these disorders, the immune system turns against the body's own tissues. Ongoing clinical trials have shown that daclizumab appears to help quiet the autoimmune response in MS patients, but its precise effects on the legions of cells that make up the immune system are not fully understood.
The new study, published in Science Translational Medicine, shows that one effect of daclizumab is to thin the ranks of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. These cells are known to promote the development of lymph nodes and related tissues during fetal life, but their role during adulthood has been unclear. The new study marks the first time that LTi cells have been implicated in any human autoimmune disorder.
"While further study is required to confirm the role of LTi cells in autoimmunity, our results point to the cells as a promising target for the development of new drugs to treat autoimmune disorders," said Bibiana Bielekova, M.D., an investigator at NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
Dr. Bielekova and her team found that among MS patients participating in clinical trials of daclizumab, the number of LTi cells was elevated in patients not receiving daclizumab compared to those on the drug. Patients receiving daclizumab also had reduced signs of inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain. And the researchers found that daclizumab appears to steer the body away from producing LTi cells, in favor of another cell type that counteracts autoimmunity.
Sharon Osbourne Quits America's Got Talent, Says Son Jack Was Fired From New Show Due To M.S.
Who knew reality TV could cause such heartache? Other than anyone who's seen The Challenge: Battle of the Exes? Earlier today Sharon Osbourne declared that she's leavingAmerica's Got Talent, alleging that NBC fired her son Jack Osbourne from a new reality show due to his multiple sclerosis diagnosis. "I just can't be fake," Sharon told the New York Post. "It's discrimination, and it was badly handled."
Apparently Ozzy's son was scheduled to appear on the upcoming Stars Earn Stripes, a show in which celebs take on military training exercises. According to Sharon, the show dumped Jack two days before he was set to film…after he publicly discussed his illness. "They can't make me do something I don't want to do," she says of her departure. "All they can do is stop me from being a judge on another network for five years." Joke's on you, NBC! In five years, everything on TV will be a reality show. Sharon will be judging who Wants To Be The Vice President Of The United States? in 2020, and laughing all the way to the space bank!
According to NBC, however, Sharon's version of the story might not be the whole picture. "He was somebody we were in talks with," Stars producer David Hurwitz said of Jack in July, and even the Osbournes cop to the fact that Jack didn't have a signed contract with the network. On the other hand, Jack offered to buy his own insurance policy for the show and was denied, while Hurowitz did insist, "The rigors of the show were too intense for him." Call us crazy, but we're pretty sure Jack Osbourne wouldn't sign up for a TV show he was physically unable to take part in. Reality stars are crazy, but not "I know the paramedics are going to have to carry me off this tire course but I just don't care" crazy.
[Photo: Getty Images] - click to see photo and source of this article
Does Applying for Life Insurance Stress You Out?
Trying to shop for life insurance when you have multiple sclerosis can be a daunting task. If you don't know much about life insurance and your agent doesn't know much about MS, the process can sometimes be devastating. But that does not have to be the reality. There are experts in multiple sclerosis life insurance who can help you get affordable life insurance without it being a traumatic event.
Peggy Mace, COO of Outlook Life, states, "MS is a complicated disease. Some life insurance companies understand it, some don't. Some are willing to charge a fair premium for MS Life Insurance; some do not even want people with MS to apply for their policies. People with MS must use an agency that carries lots of different companies, and knows which companies are best for each type and degree of MS, to find their best life insurance rate. That is Outlook Life's specialty."
The rates for MS Life Insurance depend on many different variables which will be covered in detail in a future article. But the bottom line is, policies that that ask no health questions at all are going to have the highest prices and most restrictions. For insurance companies to charge the lowest possible rates, they ask medical details. Often, this includes an exam and medical records, although for some MS cases, there are No Exam life insurance policies that are reasonably priced.
You need a life insurance professional who knows what to ask, how to interpret that and put you with the right company, and then will represent you so that your policy ends up being rated as good as possible. People with multiple sclerosis are often frustrated that they get rated up at all, when they may be healthier than most people their age. But as Peg says, "Even someone with perfect health, whose father survived a heart attack at age 59, will pay much higher rates than others with perfect health. There is no way around paying more, but agencies that specialize in multiple sclerosis life insurance can help you pay a lot less."
The information provided is a sponsored message and is provided for informational purposes
Lifestyle changes show positive results in combatting Multiple Sclerosis
Sitting in the sun, getting regular exercise and spending some time doing yoga has proven to have positive effects on people suffering from Multiple Sclerosis, according to a study in Australia.
Most of the benefits have been suggested and known to MS patients, but this is proof that certain lifestyle changes have truly improved the lives of people with the disease.
Some of the changes include
* medicinal doses of Vitamin D,
* regular exposure to sunlight,
* regular exercise,
* Omega-3 fatty acids,
* low saturated fat diet,
* largely plant-based whole foods,
* a diet of fish,
* any stress reducing activity,
* regular meditation and
* yoga.
These were all elements used in a retreat program tried in Western Australia by a team of doctors and research assistants.
Published in the international journal of Neurological Sciences, the study reports: "Health-related quality of life outcomes at 1 and 5 years after a residential retreat promoting lifestyle modification for people with Multiple Sclerosis."
Conducted by Prof. George Jelinek, who himself has had a diagnosis of MS for 13 years, there are 300 people on the study over five years.
Results after one year showed a median improvement of 11.3 per cent in overall quality of life and after five years this percentage rose to 19.5 per cent.
Teva to commence third Phase III study of laquinim...
How Does Multiple Sclerosis Progress? Possible Clu...
Motorcyclist with MS Begins One Million Mile Journ...
INNOVATIVE, STATE OF THE ART SWISS TECHNOLOGY COME...
NBC TO SHARON OSBOURNE We Didn't FIRE Jack O. Ove...
NIH researchers implicate unique cell type in mult...
Sharon Osbourne Quits America's Got Talent, Says S...
Lifestyle changes show positive results in combatt... | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,885 |
Exciting and diverse, the staffing industry has transformed into a major industry that tends to provide for virtually every type of business and employer with a full range of human resource services. In fact, what used to be known as a provider of office personnel in a fairly narrow sector to fill in for sick or vacationing workers has blossomed into a larger industry which now comprises of several distinct sectors and niches.
Indeed, the staffing industry has now become a major industry which is responsible for employing a wide variety and number of professionals in operations, human resources, finance, sales and marketing jobs, as well as top management executives. Today, staffing operates a network of nearly 80,000 locations and contributes to payroll in excess of $90 billion. While generating revenues of about $125 billion, staffing is responsible for employing close to 3 million people.
If you think the information above is not enough, here are 7 more things your boss needs to know about the staffing industry right now.
The staffing industry has been experiencing a high rate of employment growth which has been driving demand ever since. Unarguably, the competition in the industry is inevitably increasing just as the industry becomes more popular. Constantly, new staffing agencies are springing up, of which you may likely have some to be part of your direct competition in your location. In order to stay ahead of the competition, you may just have to consider rebranding your agency. Some agencies seem to compete more successfully because they tend to have less competition while specializing in a specific industry or job function.
In the staffing industry, there are some set rules and regulations that must be adhered to. Your staffing firm must strive to comply with every single rule and regulation that pertains to your business ranging from worker classification, human resources, occupational health and safety, payroll and taxes, to every other thing in between. Unfortunately, these things cannot be easily achieved as they seem to be easier said than done.
Although compliance may seem to be complex and unstable because it is constantly changing, it is, however, a critical function to abide with. Day by day, the staffing industry is becoming stricter as new regulations are always being introduced which makes it quite difficult to keep up with. However, it is important to make necessary changes to ensure ongoing compliance. Compliance is required to take a top spot on your priority list especially if you want to succeed in the staffing industry today.
In order for a staffing firm to remain ahead of the competition, it needs to keep up with recruiting, as well as internet trends that can affect the business. Your business can be adversely affected when you run it with antiquated technologies, search and marketing and recruiting tools. Do well to evolve with the changing times. No doubt the game of staffing is experiencing transformation as a result of the influence of the internet and you have no other option but to keep up with it.
To this end, you must ensure that you are using social media for both marketing and recruiting while ensuring that your website and messaging is mobile friendly. Also, among other changes, you should start considering video for your online messaging and interviewing.
Unarguably, the nine-to-five job is fading out. Most companies are now taking charge with contingent staff. Employers are beginning to enjoy lots of benefits by employing temp workers, some of which include lower costs, increased flexibility, and specialized skills. Rather than hire more permanent staff (employees) who end up costing more, employers are beginning to put their money towards employing non-permanent workers.
Consider drifting toward employing temporary workers too, especially if you are only focusing on providing staffing services for permanent placements. By diversifying your portfolio to effectively meet the needs of clients, you stand a chance of increasing your sales opportunities.
The most effective way of finding top talent in today's world is through database recruiting. You can make the best recruitment decisions for your clients when you take advantage of big data. Through applicant tracking software, your website, social media and other productive channels, you stand to get a wealth of essential information, thanks to technology. Out of the equation, you can now freely take intuition and gut feeling out when you use this data to be able to make more informed decisions without bias.
One of the biggest changes in the staffing industry is that you stand to get access to hidden business opportunities in the market. Most of these opportunities are not publicly advertised or publicized; they are available exclusively to staffing companies. So if you are tired of the old way of doing things, why not save time and money today and invest in the staffing industry to get better hires needed for efficiency in your organization. You need a reliable workforce to make waves in the business world.
When client companies receive pressure from their customers to reduce costs despite all the growth, the pressure is inevitably passed onto their vendors which also include staffing firms. In a bid to drive a harder bargain, employers are keeping a closer eye on how mcuh they are paying for contingent workers to reduce spending and get more productive.
Did we miss anything? Did you learn something? For some more information about staffing agencies, read our article about the benefits of using a staffing agency.
We offer convenient solutions for your business.
Let us work for you and take care of all the headaches associated with keeping your business staffed. Your goal is our goal. Lets grow together.
© 2016 Smith Staffing, Inc. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,886 |
ONE RULE of thumb says that, if you're in the workforce, you should save 10% of your pretax income every year toward retirement.
But with both future investment returns and future employment uncertain, it's probably wiser to save 12% to 15% and to start socking away money as soon as you enter the workforce. By starting in your 20s, you will have a cushion if you later find yourself out of work, and you'll get greater potential benefit from investment growth.
What if you will receive a traditional employer pension or your employer matches part of your contribution to your 401(k) or similar plan? You might save somewhat less than 12% to 15%. On the other hand, if you don't start saving for retirement until your 30s or 40s, you will likely need to save far more. In addition, you probably have other goals, such as buying a home or putting the kids through college, and those goals will necessitate additional savings.
Add it all up and you might find you ought to save 20% of your income every year and possibly more. That, unfortunately, is a target few people will hit. But even if your neighbors don't save that much, maybe you can. In all likelihood, you will never regret the sacrifice and you'll be thrilled with the results. As you will learn in the sections ahead, by saving regularly starting early in your adult life, you can enjoy a host of advantages—including getting time on your side, saving a bundle in taxes, avoiding all kinds of costs and sharply reducing the nest egg you need to support a similar spending level once retired. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,887 |
Care Minister's Pedal Power Helps To Fund New Eye Laser
North Norfolk MP and Care Minister Norman Lamb has raised £1,500 to go towards the purchase of a new Ophthalmology laser at Cromer Hospital.
He did a sponsored cycle ride around the 100 mile boundary of his constituency and raised money for four North Norfolk charities including Cromer Hospital.
Mr Lamb presented a cheque at the hospital yesterday (Wednesday 12th November) and officially handed over the new laser to Cromer Hospital's Allies Eye Unit.
Commenting, Mr Lamb said, "It is a pleasure to be able to present a cheque to Cromer Hospital, one of the causes we raised money for in September. It was good that we were able to support the acquisition of the new laser for the Hospital which will provide new ophthalmological services for North Norfolk residents. Seeing the money put to good use makes everyone's effort seem absolutely worthwhile. We are very fortunate to have these wonderful services here in North Norfolk and I was pleased to be able to do my bit to support them".
The Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) is used to improve eye pressure control by gently stimulating a structure inside the eye, called the trabecular meshwork. This removes fluid, thereby reducing the pressure. The power of the laser is very gentle and about six out of ten people will have improved eye pressure control following this procedure. Currently patients requiring SLT treatment, approximately eight per month, travel to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital for this treatment. The new laser will allow patients to be treated locally and on the same day as diagnosis if clinically possible.
Helen Lloyd, Operations Manager at Cromer Hospital, said: "We are delighted that Mr Lamb chose Cromer Hospital as one of the beneficiaries of his bike ride. The purchase of the new laser will greatly benefit the North Norfolk community."
Louise Cook, Fundraising Manager, said: "We are very grateful to Mr Lamb and all those who sponsored him. The sponsorship raised from the bike ride has helped us to provide the very best care for local patients and their families in the North Norfolk area."
Thursday 13th of November 2014 02:00:52 PM | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,888 |
Dogashima (堂ヶ島) is located on the west side of Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka. West side of Izu Peninsula has many beaches with Onsen and fresh fish. Dogashima has very unique beach side. There are many cliff and small islands which have beautiful national tunnel. Also, at low tight, you can walk to the Sanshiro Islands. In summer, many people visit here and enjoy beach, onsen, fresh fish and cruse at the islands.
There are many public parking. Public onsen cost 500 yen.
There is exclusive cruse tour to travel islands of Dogashima. You can enjoy great islands and their cliffs, tunnels and more. The landscape of Dogashima is also known as Matsushima of Izu Peninsula. The harmony of sea, mountain, islands, and beach create the national rhythm and relaxation moment. Also, Dogashima has the beautiful scene of Sunset. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,889 |
Taygetis chrysogone est une espèce de papillons de la famille des Nymphalidae, de la sous-famille des Satyrinae et du genre Taygetis.
Dénomination
Taygetis chrysogone a été décrit par Edward Doubleday en 1849.
Nom vernaculaire
Taygetis chrysogone se nomme Chrysogone Wood Nymph en anglais.
Description
Taygetis chrysogone est un grand papillon, d'une envergure d'environ , aux ailes postérieures dentelées avec trois pointes, en n2, n3 et la plus longue en n4. Le dessus est marron avec la marge de l'aile postérieure jaune d'or chez le mâle.
Le revers, présente trois bandes de couleur cuivrée clair, une aire basale et une aire discale déparées par une fine ligne marron comme l'aire postdiscale plus claire. L'aire postdiscale présente une ligne de très discrets ocelles centrés d'un point blanc.
Biologie
Sa biologie est mal connue.
Écologie et distribution
Taygetis chrysogone est présent en Colombie, en Équateur, au Venezuela, au Pérou.
Biotope
Il réside dans la forêt amazonienne.
Protection
Pas de statut de protection particulier.
Notes et références
Annexes
Article connexe
Lépidoptère
Liens externes
photo prise en Équateur par LPJC
photo prise au Pérou par nymsysgro
Lépidoptère (nom scientifique)
Satyrinae
Lépidoptère d'Amérique | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 9,890 |
GOGUEN, POLAND, ISRAEL, STURGEON, BIDEN, TRUMP, ISRAEL, AL DAWAYIMA, BORIC, NICARAGUA
Silicon Valley billionaire Michael Goguen went to live in Whitefish, Montana, the Rocky Mountain town - several years ago.
Billionaire Michael Goguen allegedly kept spreadsheet of ... 20 Nov 2021
'He transformed it into his private fiefdom: a dark banana republic where he allegedly controls local law enforcement — and a "harem" of young women.
'The bombshell allegations, which also include claims of Goguen ordering his security chief to kill detractors, are contained in a lengthy civil complaint recently filed in United States District Court for the District of Montana.
'According to the court papers, Goguen, 57, employs hundreds of residents in companies he controls, and owns a series of luxury "safe houses" where he takes dozens of young women for sex. He has a spreadsheet documenting his sexual encounters with 5,000 women.
Tech billionaire Michael Goguen accused of sleeping with teenagers and bribing Montana police
Inside Billionaire Michael Goguen's Wild Life in Whitefish ..
Germany is trying to turn the EU into a 'Fourth Reich', says head of Poland's ruling party as Brussels SUES to stop the country over-ruling European laws
Conan and 'Transparent' give Israel the normalcy it craves
SNP - The Scottish National Party, led by Nicola Sturgeon.
'We're arresting people for making jokes now?': Backlash as man, 33, is charged after 2,000 people sign up on Facebook for 'Hogmanay party at Nicola Sturgeon's house'
dognamedblue@dognamedblue·35m
Dan Astin-Gregory
@danjgregory
Law change could see journalists jailed for "embarrassing Government" for up to 14 years - if anyone was in any doubt that Britain is on a dangerous road to a despotism then surely this at least raises eyebrows?! https://mol.im/a/9806517 via
@MailOnline
Joe Biden's family
Dr Justin Frank thinks Trump has an erotic attachment to his daughter and a fixation with faeces and dirt.
Mommy dearest: a psychiatrist puts Donald Trump on the couch
Why is Trump fixated on women who remind him of his daughter
Haaretz's investigative report –
'Classified Docs Reveal Massacres of Palestinians in 1948
"In the village of Al-Dawayima, troops of the 8th Brigade massacred about 100 people,"
One of the soldiers who witnessed that event testified before a government committee in November 1948:
"There was no battle and no resistance. The first conquerors killed 80 to 100 Arab men, women and children. The children were killed by smashing their skulls with sticks. There wasn't a house without people killed in it."
'Previously Unknown Massacres': Why is Israel Allowed to Own Palestinian History?
Israeli lawmaker, Itamar Ben Gvir - video footage appeared online showing him threatening Arab security guards while holding a gun.
Israel levels Palestinian bedouin village for 14th time this year
CHILE -
'As Gabriel Boric's election victory shows, a new hope could be dawning across Latin America. For both the United States government and its Israeli ally, this is not good news.'
Israel Freaks Out as Gabriel Boric's Elections Signals New Direction for Chile
Israeli State Violence Intensifying as 2021 Proves Deadliest for Palestinians Since 2014
Nicaragua - a different focus
Alex Salmond spotted shopping for £600 heels with Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh in London
Harvard professor convicted over China & Wuhan university ties https://www.rt.com/usa/543936-harvard-professor-guilty-china/
Louisiana Nurse Blows the Whistle: "We Have Had More Children Die From The COVID Vaccine Than Of COVID Itself" https://thecovidworld.com/nurse-blows-the-whistle-we-have-had-more-children-die-from-the-covid-vaccine-than-of-covid-itself/
https://www.realhistorychan.com/dni-covid-2008.html
https://www.brighteon.com/9aea7c60-3448-463e-9330-76b00b2359f1
https://www.globalresearch.ca/video-covid-19-simulation-vs-covid-19-reality/5765367
https://odysee.com/@GeraldCelente:1/the-us-government-hates-christmas:9
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUOWI5FfWjI
https://www.brighteon.com/embed/e6cc2248-36b9-4d5d-8580-5d04162555b2
https://www.bitchute.com/video/b3e59H91MAFZ/
When an adult Jew has sexual intercourse with a little girl, it's okay, because when the girl is less than 3 years old, it's like someone puts a finger in her eye, tears appear ... and vision returns, so does chastity returns to a little girl less than 3 years old. (Ketbot 11c);
Virgo at the age of three years and one day can be bought as a wife through coitus. (Sagedrin 55c and 69a-69c)
A goy who stuck his nose into the Law (Talmud) is guilty and punishable by death. (Sanhedrin 59a)
"He who sheds the blood of a non-Jew makes a sacrifice to the Lord" - Talmud, Jaiqut Simeoni.
"Jews are human beings, others are just animals" - Baba Meza.
THE JEWISH QUESTION OF RITUAL SACRIFICES - MOSTLY OF CHILDREN
http://www.renegadetribune.com/the-unsolved-jewish-ritual-murder-of-5-chicago-children-in-1955/
http://jrbooksonline.com/leese.htm
http://www.all.net/books/iw/mid-east/unity-news.2000-12-03/www.ummah.net/unity/palestine/judaism/ritual.htm
https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/12/23/miss-universes-pro-israel-post-creates-online-firestorm/
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10342205/Backlash-man-33-charged-Facebook-Hogmanay-party-Sturgeons-house-post.html
https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211223-covid-vaccine-obligatory-in-ecuador-from-age-of-5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=YnUCqU4v6k8&feature=emb_logo
https://www.globalresearch.ca/covid-omicron-is-killing-christmas-and-beyond-financial-crash-inflation-digitization/5765170
http://www.renegadetribune.com/boris-johnson-is-jewish-and-proud-of-it/
The Order of the Garter rules the world
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_knights_and_ladies_of_the_Garter
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4524514.Steven_Wood_Collins/blog/tag/order-of-the-garter
https://www.humanium.org/en/sexual-exploitation-of-children-in-the-philippines/
https://blog.oup.com/2019/06/what-early-modern-theater-tells-us-about-child-sexual-abuse/
https://www.thedailybeast.com/inside-billionaire-michael-goguens-wild-life-in-whitefish-montana?ref=home
https://nypost.com/2021/11/20/billionaire-michael-goguen-allegedly-kept-spreadsheet-of-5000-sex-partners/
https://www.jta.org/2017/09/26/culture/conan-and-transparent-give-israel-the-normalcy-it-craves
Is Germany's restrictive 2G system for the unvaccinated based on a lie? https://rmx.news/germany/is-germanys-restrictive-2g-system-for-the-unvaccinated-based-on-a-lie/
Report: Vatican Announces Vaccine Mandate For All Employees And Visitors https://summit.news/2021/12/24/report-vatican-announces-vaccine-mandate-for-all-employees-and-visitors/
First Omicron Death an Anti-Vaxxer' Story Falls Apart https://summit.news/2021/12/23/first-omicron-death-an-anti-vaxxer-story-falls-apart/
http://www.renegadetribune.com/protocols-of-zion-protocol-iii-method-of-conquest/
https://silview.media/2021/12/24/you-couldnt-have-hoped-for-a-better-christmas-gift/
https://twitter.com/LibertyLockPod/status/1474343494999330817?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
https://www.justjared.com/2021/12/24/meghan-king-splits-from-joe-bidens-nephew-cuffe-after-two-months-of-marriage/
https://www.msn.com/en-xl/video/other/spain-flooding-hits-towns-in-c%c3%a1diz-after-heavy-rain/vi-AAS7t7L
https://talkingbiznews.com/they-talk-biz-news/longtime-biz-reporter-tejada-has-died/
https://us.yahoo.com/news/omicron-children-pediatric-hospitals-parts-150809020.html
https://abcnews.go.com/Health/investigating-mysterious-illness-south-sudan-killed-100-people/story?id=81913388
https://www.yahoo.com/news/gay-olympic-diving-star-ian-170050024.html
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10343261/Anti-vaxxers-turned-away-Trump-Grill-NYC-wont-proof-vaccination.html
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10343423/Unseemly-moment-two-men-brawl-flight-loud-drunken-passenger-rival-clashed-masks.html
https://archives.globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO312D.html
https://www.bitchute.com/video/fHIT55iM4Zv9/
Holtzbrinck & Bertelsmann: Agents Of German Climate Imperialism
Bertelsmann
In 1835 Carl Bertelsmann's began printing hymnals, prayer-books and a faith-based Westphalian newspaper. Carl sowed and reaped Evangelical revivalism. His son Heinrich added romantic novels to their traditionalist oeuvre. Heinrich's only child, Fredericka, married loyal employee, Johannes Mohn, who took over operations upon Heinrich's passing.
Johannes' son, Heinrich, was an early donor to the Nazis, as were his pastor and church. Heinrich joined the SS, as did his son Reinhard (1921-2009). Bertelsmann's in-house theologian was pro-Nazi. Bertelsmann's top-selling poet wrote the speech inaugurating the 1933 book-burnings.
With wares freighted with Volkish and anti-Semitic content, Bertelsmann became the Third Reich's largest publisher. In 1943 they 'sold' 19 million books. They supplied special editions to the Wehrmacht and boosted profits by exploiting slave labor in Eastern Europe and Holland.
Post-WWII Bertelsmann stayed afloat partly by having hoarded paper but mainly by transferring control to Reinhard, whom Allied commanders found palatable. Reinhard spent much of WWII in a Kansas POW camp. Bertelsmann printed books commissioned by British intelligence.
https://principia-scientific.org/holtzbrinck-bertelsmann-agents-of-german-climate-imperialism/
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10344211/Armed-intruder-arrested-grounds-Windsor-Castle.html
Christianity came to the Hellenic world from the Middle East: from Palestine to Syria, from there to Asia Minor and Cyprus, then to the Balkan Peninsula and Egypt, and soon also to the Greek cities of Italy and Sicily, and finally to Rome itself - the capital of the empire who adopted Hellenic culture. Hence, it can be assumed that in the East one should look for both the historical predecessors of Christianity and the roots of the "anti-Hellenic" polemic.
Here, first of all, the Old Testament comes to mind. But this collection of very ancient and newer texts, created by Jewish authors, says very little, or better to say, practically nothing about Greece and the Greeks. To what extent the Bible was known to the Hellenes, we also cannot say anything definite about this, although we know that already in the III century. BC. The Pentateuch and the books of prophecy were translated into Greek (the so-called "translation of the seventy commentators," or the Septuagint).
In any case, the statement that, for example, the attacks directed against the Jews by some Greek-speaking authors who wrote about the Jews are the forerunners of the polemic of Hellenism against Christians, definitely requires proof. A broader context is needed, which would make it possible to first make sure that such a comparison is at all possible.
We see such a context in the history of the relationship of Hellenism with the peoples of the Middle East: after all, Judaism, from which Christianity emerged, was intimately connected with the surrounding Middle Eastern cultures.
Therefore, we will have to start from afar. It will focus on the situation that developed in the Middle East in the IV-III centuries. BC. as a result of the military campaign of the Macedonian tsar Alexander against the "great tsar" Darius III, who ruled a power, somewhat conditionally referred to as Persia. The convention is that this state does not coincide with Persia-Iran of later times either in terms of territory, language or religion. Geographically Iran was only a small part of that power; its official language was not Persian (belonging to the Indo-European family of languages), but Aramaic (from the family of Semitic languages); Islam, of course, in that era simply did not exist, as for the "semi-monotheistic" Zoroastrianism, it was alien to most of the "pagan" polytheistic) population of this huge and fairly decentralized eastern empire.
https://www.amazon.com/Operation-Messiah-Roman-Intelligence-Christianity/dp/0853037027/ref=sr_1_1?Adv-Srch-Books-Submit.x=0&Adv-Srch-Books-Submit.y=0&dchild=1&qid=1602876078&refinements=p_28%3Aoperation+messiah&s=books&sr=1-1&unfiltered=1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7F5MNIbUoc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6BExOv8WRg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujxVj61RjL4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=cWjz9pB70vc&list=PLavnuQTJWv_7qDI5xywzWw25YoQYQEjzK&index=2&t=0s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=UBQO93ARfhM&list=PLavnuQTJWv_7qDI5xywzWw25YoQYQEjzK&index=3&t=0s
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/24/israeli-settlers-attack-village-in-occupied-west-bank
https://ourgreaterdestiny.org/2021/12/in-the-wake-of-a-failing-conspiracy-will-they-wage-a-world-war/
'Vladimir Putin and Klaus Schwab Go Way Back'
https://henrymakow.com/2021/12/vladimir-putin-and-klaus-schwab.html
photo collage, Putin & Schwab together
https://www.henrymakow.com/upload_images/putin-swab.png
Photo of Turkey's President Erdogan receiving a silver menorah as a gift from Jewish figures, no less than 'Putin's Rabbi' Berel Lazar of Chabad on Erdogan's left
https://static.timesofisrael.com/www/uploads/2021/12/vasvsavsav-640x400.jpg
https://www.timesofisrael.com/erdogan-tells-visiting-rabbis-ties-with-israel-are-vital-for-regional-stability/
Trump Hotels Ban the Unvaccinated
https://www.thenationalist.news/trump-hotels-require-proof-of-covid-vaccination-to-enter.html
Carlos Tejada: 49-year-old Wall Street Journal and New York Times writer posts booster shot photo on Instagram, dead hours later
https://thecovidblog.com/2021/12/25/carlos-tejada-49-year-old-wall-street-journal-and-new-york-times-writer-posts-booster-shot-photo-on-instagram-dead-hours-later/
MAXWELL, FOOD, EASTERN EUROPE, CHURCHILL, WITCHES,...
GERMANY, SYRIA, MAXWELL, ISRAEL, YOUNG LIVES, WITC...
PUTIN, SCARLETT, TOMLINSON, TAVISTOCK, ROTHSCHILD,...
THIEBAUD, LEBANON, EUTHANASIA, DRESDEN, SCHNEERSON...
OLD TESTAMENT, NORWAY, BREXIT, VIGELAND, BREIVIK, ...
GOGUEN, POLAND, ISRAEL, STURGEON, BIDEN, TRUMP, IS...
ARCURI, STARMER, YOSSI, UKRAINE, TRUTH PROJECT, LI...
JERSEY, MEGHAN, WELBY, MAXWELL, LE PEN, OGILVY, TRUMP
ANTISEMITISM, MAXWELL, JEWISH CENTURY, NEW ZEALAND,
MARIN, BORIC, BORIS, KITS DUMPED, GHISLAINE, TRUSS...
SCHOLZ, MICROSOFT, ROTHSCILDS, ZAHAWI, BLAIR, RUSS...
DYNCORP, CENSORSHIP, BIDEN, HITLER, KARMA, SWITZER...
BRIGITTE MACRON, NATACHA REY, 'FAKE NEWS'
LOFTUS, GUSTAF, NORTH SHROPSHIRE, MIGRANTS, CNN, H...
BORIS, KREMLIN, CONSTANTINE, LAUDER, MOTHER, VALOR...
PASSPORTS, UKRAINE, BAILEY, RETIREMENT, STAR, ELLA...
GHISLAINE, DAN ANDREWS, SOCIAL WORKERS
BBC, MARK DEVLIN, MOSSAD, DENMARK, LIB-DEMS, IRAQ,...
TOLSTOY, MACMILLAN, MAXWELL, ASSANGE, AUSTRIA, NYG...
SABLE, LORI, PAGE, TRUMP, GRIFFITHS, SUNAK, FARMER...
CHILD ABUSE? SPOOKS & SPARTACUS?
CERCLE, ATLANTIC, INTERNET, PEIRCE, BIDEN, UKRAINE...
BALMORAL, BRUNEL, JAVID, ARIANA, COHEN, FORGETTING...
CAROLYN, BIDEN, PARTIES, POPULATION, HACKERS, PEAR...
BILL, HAITI, KATIE, 76 PENCE, BORIS, HARVEY
COCAINE, CHINA, WEATHER, CARRIE FISHER, TRUMP, MAX...
BARRYMORE, STARS, FARRAR, CHARITIES, RABBI, REAL C...
EPSTEIN, MAIL, POLICE, URSULA, ARWEN, CAMBO, ZEMMO...
NEHAMMER, SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY, IRAN, AUSTRALIA, UKRA...
GHISLAINE, GOSCH, PALESTINE, BULLIES, ZEMMOUR, COD...
ALADDIN, GREECE, ROBOTS, MOVE ON, MAXWELL, SOFTWAR... | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,891 |
Hidden Unity in Nature's Laws
Author: John C. Taylor, University of Cambridge
$ 72.99 (P)
One of the paradoxes of the physical sciences is that as our knowledge has progressed, more and more diverse physical phenomena can be explained in terms of fewer underlying laws, or principles. In Hidden Unity, eminent physicist John Taylor puts many of these findings into historical perspective and documents how progress is made when unexpected, hidden unities are uncovered between apparently unrelated physical phenomena. Taylor cites examples from the ancient Greeks to the present day, such as the unity of celestial and terrestrial dynamics (17th century), the unity of heat within the rest of dynamics (18th century), the unity of electricity, magnetism, and light (19th century), the unity of space and time and the unification of nuclear forces with electromagnetism (20th century). Without relying on mathematical detail, Taylor's emphasis is on fundamental physics, like particle physics and cosmology. Balancing what is understood with the unestablished theories and still unanswered questions, Taylor takes readers on a fascinating ongoing journey. John C. Taylor is Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Physics at the University of Cambridge. A student of Nobel laureate Abdus Salam, Taylor's research career has spanned the era of developments in elementary particle physics since the 1950s. He taught theoretical physics at Imperial College, London, and at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and he has lectured worldwide. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics.
A crisp and informative text suitable for anyone with a background in mathematics or physics
Illuminating and lucid, ranging from the Ancient Greeks right up to the present day
Written by a very distinguished theoretical physicist
"The book is an undoubted success. John Taylor does not try to exaggerate results or make unsupported claims, and he attempts at all times to elucidate complicated matters in simple language....many worthwhile ideas are expounded here which even a newcomer to physics could understand. I strongly recommend this book." --Nature
"The book is elegantly clear and beautifully written...The author seems to have an immense intuitive skill for picking those topics that will evoke the reader's interest...This is far and away the best account of physics for the general reader I have ever seen. It is not a physics text. It contains no calculus, and thus will not tutor the reader in the art of solving specific problems in physics. But it fully conveys the mystery and fascination physics has exerted on humankind since the age of the Greeks. It should occupy a privileged position on the bookshelf of anyone curious about the world around us." Mathematical Association of America
"Successful books about science for nonscientists tread a fine line. Information must not be lost in discussions that are too technical, but scientific rigor must not be sacrificed for story line. Taylor takes a hstorical approach to physics, beginning with the Greeks and finishing with cosmology and elementary article physics at the end of the 20th century.... Explaining the topics and their implications to nonscientists is difficult, but Taylor ... succeeds...." Choice
contains: 109 b/w illus.
1. Motion on earth and in the heavens
2. Energy, heat, and chance
3. Electricity and magnetism
5. Space and time
6. Least action
7. Gravitation and curved spacetime
8. The quantum revolution
9. Quantum theory with special relativity
10. Order breaks symmetry
11. Quarks and what hold them together
12. Unifying weak forces with QED
13. Gravitation plus quantum theory - stars and black holes
14. Particles, symmetries and the universe
15. Queries
16. Appendices
Bibliography.
Marketing Sample (229 KB)
John C. Taylor, University of Cambridge
Discrete or Continuous?
The Quest for Fundamental Length in Modern Physics
The Principle of Least Action
History and Physics
The Theory of Sound
Unification of Fundamental Forces
The First 1988 Dirac Memorial Lecture
Gauge Theories of Weak Interactions | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,892 |
\section{Introduction}
The topic of this paper is partonic energy loss in high energy hard collisions. The type of process we have in mind is exemplified by forward jet production in proton- (or deuterium-) nucleus collisions. For example, in comparing proton-nucleus collisions with proton-proton collisions to extract information on high energy nuclear shadowing \cite{Tuchin,Arsene} it is important to understand, as emphasized by Frankfurt and Strikman \cite{Frankfurt}, how much additional energy loss leading partons suffer in proton-nucleus collisions as compared with proton-proton collisions. Also, recently Arleo and Peign\'e \cite{Peigne,Arleo,Sami} (see also Ref.~\cite{Kolevatov}) have done a detailed phenomenological analysis of forward $J/\psi$ suppression at fixed target energies and suggest that the key to their successful description is additional energy loss of the leading gluon (which converts to a charm-anticharm pair eventually becoming the $J/\psi$) in nuclear targets as compared to proton targets. The issues surrounding energy loss in these examples are not closely related to the energy loss of jets produced in high energy heavy ion collisions \cite{Zakharov,BDMPS}. In the heavy ion case the jets are produced as bare quanta in a QCD medium and the energy loss is limited to a factor times $\hat{q}L^{2}$ where $\hat{q}$ is the transport coefficient and $L$ is the length of (hot) QCD matter that the jets transverse. In forward jet or quarkonium production a dressed parton approaches the target and it is the additional energy lost by this dressed parton due to the nuclear target which is at issue.
Recently, Arleo and Peign\'e have given convincing first principle arguments that the additional energy loss caused by nuclear targets in forward jet or quarkonium production should scale linearly with the energy of the beam. Energy loss growing linearly with beam energy has also been advocated in other analyses of these processes \cite{Frankfurt,Kopeliovich}, however in Ref.~\cite{Arleo} for the first time a first-principles calculation of the exact form and magnitude of the spectrum of energy losses induced by nuclear targets has been given.
The process considered in Ref.~\cite{Arleo} was very high energy $J/\psi$ production. The picture is that a gluon coming from the proton projectile converts into a charm-anticharm pair, either well before or well after reaching the nucleus. The charm-anticharm pair ultimately becomes a quarkonium state, but the essential calculation is that of the additional energy lost by the gluon or the charm-anticharm pair due to having a nuclear as opposed to a proton target. In fact the conversion of the gluon into the charm-anticharm pair was not dealt with in Ref.~\cite{Arleo}. Rather the hard process, where the gluon converts into a charm-anticharm pair, was simulated by a hard scattering of the incoming gluon, at the scale of the charm mass, and then a calculation was given for the difference, between nuclear and proton targets, of the probability that an additional softer gluon be radiated.
In \cref{sec:qqjet} we revisit the gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark process, with either light-quark jets or heavy-quarks being produced. The nucleus is treated in a McLerran-Venugopalan approximation \cite{Gelis}. While the details of our calculation look quite different from those of Arleo and Peign\'e, our result given in \cref{eq:radspec,eq:radspecqs} exactly reproduces their result. At the end of this section we indicate that small-$x$ evolution can trivially be added to extend the McLerran-Venugopalan model with the saturation momenta of the nucleus $Q_{s}$ and the proton $Q_{s}(\textrm{P})$ being the only parameters that enter the calculation.
In \cref{sec:qgjet} we extend our calculation from gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark to quark $\rightarrow$ quark-gluon jet production. The calculational procedure follows that of \cref{sec:qqjet} and the result is given in \cref{eq:radspecqgone,eq:radspecqgtwo}. The result here is very close to our calculation in \cref{sec:qqjet} with the $2\alpha_{s}N_{c}/\pi$ in \cref{eq:radspec} being replaced by $8\alpha_{s}N_{c}/5\pi$ in \cref{eq:radspecqgone}. This is, perhaps, surprising as there appears to be no simple relationship between the color charges of the initial and final partons and the prefactors of our results. The reason why there is no simple rule is explained at the end of \cref{sec:qgjet}. Using the quark $\rightarrow$ quark-gluon processes as an example we also estimate the \textit{typical} additional energy loss, $\bar{\omega}$, with a nuclear as opposed to a proton target and find $\bar{\omega}_{\textrm{RHIC}}\simeq E/15$ and $\bar{\omega}_{\textrm{LHC}}\simeq E/25$ where $E$ is the initiating quark's energy. We note that our RHIC estimate is very similar to that obtained by Frankfurt and Strikman \cite{Frankfurt}.
In \cref{sec:quarkonium} we briefly discuss energy loss in quarkonium production in the color evaporation model \cite{Fritzsch,Halzen,Gluck,Barger}. We have very little to say here since our technical result is the same as that of Ref.~\cite{Arleo} and they have already done the detailed phenomenology.
In \cref{sec:colorsinglet} we consider nuclear induced energy loss in a color singlet model of quarkonium production. As originally emphasized in Ref.~\cite{Kharzeev} (see also Ref.~\cite{Dominguez}) in production on nuclei it is relatively easy to get the three or more gluons (one from the projectile and two or more from the nuclear target) interacting with the charm-anticharm pair so that it can have the quantum numbers of the $J/\psi$. However, this is not the case for a proton target. Thus in our discussion of singlet model production of quarkonium it is not natural to discuss nuclear minus proton target differences. What we calculate is the energy loss spectrum $\omega dI/d\omega$ for $J/\psi$ production on a nucleus. We separate two cases. In \cref{eq:radspeccolorsingletone} we give the spectrum in case $Q_{s}^{2}/M^{2}$, with $M$ the charm mass, is less than 1 while in \cref{eq:radspeccolorsinglettwo} we give the spectrum when $Q_{s}^{2}/M^{2}\simeq 1$. We estimate $\bar{\omega}\simeq E/6$ in both cases, and it should be remembered that now we refer to absolute energy losses not differences between nuclear and proton targets.
Finally, some general comments on the limitations of our calculation. To begin, our calculation is made in a logarithmic approximation. That is values of $\omega$ in $\omega dI/d\omega$ must be small enough that there is a significant logarithmic integration in the transverse momentum (coordinate) of the radiated gluon. In the end we find typical values of $\omega/E$ small enough that this logarithmic approximation is not unreasonable, but like all leading logarithmic calculations it cannot be expected to be very reliable. For simplicity, we have only considered the case where the produced jets have the same longitudinal momentum. We do not expect large changes so long as their longitudinal momenta are comparable. Also, in some respects our discussion of energy loss is complementary to recent discussions of transverse momentum broadening effects in similar processes \cite{Xiao,Yuan,Marquet,Qiu,Berger,Kang}.
\section{Energy loss in gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark jet production in proton-nucleus collisions\label{sec:qqjet}}
In this section we shall evaluate the energy loss in gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark jet production in proton-nucleus collisions. To simplify the calculation we shall use the large $N_{c}$ approximation as the multiple scattering with the nucleus appears difficult to do beyond the large $N_{c}$ limit. Our focus is on forward two-jet production at the LHC where the transverse momentum of each jet, $M$, is much greater than the saturation momentum $Q_{s}$. We shall begin using a simple McLerran-Venugopalan model \cite{Gelis} for multiple scattering with the nucleus, but at the end we shall see that small-$x$ evolution is very straightforward to implement as our results will be completely expressed in terms of dipole $S$ matrices. The calculations done in this section easily extend from the light-quark jets which we do here to heavy-quark pair production and thus to the energy loss in onium production in proton-nucleus as compared to proton-proton collisions. This then is the basic ingredient in testing the effects of energy loss in a color evaporation picture of onium production along the lines pioneered by Arleo and Peign\'e \cite{Peigne,Arleo}.
In addition to the interactions producing the two jets we include an additional radiative gluon, the source of the energy loss. We shall in turn evaluate initial state radiation in both the amplitude and the complex conjugate amplitude, final state radiation in the amplitude and complex conjugate amplitude, and interference terms having initial state radiation in the amplitude (complex conjugate amplitude) and final state radiation in the complex conjugate amplitude (amplitude).
\subsection{Purely initial state radiation}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:a}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{./a.eps}}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:b}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{./b.eps}}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:c}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{./c.eps}}
\caption{Gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark production in proton-nucleus collisions. The circles represent the nuclei. The numbers above the Feynman diagrams label the various places that a gluon can be emitted. $(a)$ is a purely initial state interactions; $(c)$ is a purely final state interaction; $(b)$ is a mixture of initial and final state interactions.}
\label{fig:twojets}
\end{figure}
Before including gluon radiation there are three classes of graphs in gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark illustrated in \cref{fig:twojets}. Graphs in class $A$, \cref{fig:a}, correspond to interaction of the gluon initiating the process with the nucleus indicated by the small circle in the graph. Graphs in class $C$, \cref{fig:c}, have the quark-antiquark interacting with the nucleus while in class $B$, \cref{fig:b}, the quark-antiquark in the amplitude and the gluon in the complex conjugate amplitude interact with the nucleus. Graphs in class $B$ will be multiplied by a factor of 2 to account for gluon interactions in the amplitude and quark-antiquark interactions in the complex conjugate amplitude. Finally, the numbers just above the graphs indicate the emission points of the radiative gluon which are used to characterize the emission. There are three possible emission points in the amplitude, to the left of the vertical cut, and three possible emission points in the complex conjugate amplitude, to the right of the cut. Emission points to the left (right) of the nucleus are initial state (final state) emissions in the amplitude while in the complex conjugate amplitude initial state (final state) emissions occur to the right (left) of the nucleus. Each gluon emission graph is characterized by a letter, indicating the class, and by two numbers, the first number indicating the emission point in the amplitude and the second number the emission point in the complex conjugate amplitude. The gluon from the proton carries an energy $E$ with transverse coordinate zero both in the amplitude and complex conjugate amplitude. The energy of the radiated gluon is $\omega$ and its transverse coordinate is $z_{\perp}$. For example, $C_{21}$ is shown in \cref{fig:cto}.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:cto}
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{./cto.eps}}
\hspace{0.1in}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:aoo}
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{./aoo.eps}}
\caption{Two examples for the graphs in \cref{fig:twojets}. $(a)$ and $(b)$ are typical diagrams from class $C$ and $B$, respectively.}
\label{fig:expamle}
\end{figure}
Now let us begin to evaluate the graphs. Starting with single purely initial state emission in class $A$
\begin{equation}
A_{11}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi^{2}}\int\frac{d^{2}z_{\perp}}{z_{\perp}^{2}}
\end{equation}
where the graph, in detail, is shown in \cref{fig:aoo}. The integration limits on $z_{\perp}$ will be given later as will the details of our normalization. We note that interactions of the gluons passing over the nucleus cancel between inelastic and elastic scatterings off nucleons in the nucleus. To achieve the cancellation we allow the case where there may be no interaction, either of the gluon $(\omega,z_{\perp})$ or of the gluon $(E,x_{\perp}=0)$, with nucleons in the amplitude, in the complex conjugate amplitude, or in both the amplitude and complex conjugate amplitude. Such ``noninteraction'' terms ultimately are canceled after all graphs are taken into account. In class $B$ there are two purely initial state radiation contributions,
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:boo}
B_{11}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}}\, S(x/2)S(-x/2),\\
\label{eq:bto}
B_{21}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\bigg[\frac{z\cdot (z-x/2)}{z^{2}(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{z\cdot (z+x/2)}{z^{2}(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg]S(x/2)S(-x/2)
\end{align}
\label{eq:bb}
\end{subequations}
where
\begin{equation}
S(x_{\perp})=e^{-Q_{s}^{2}x_{\perp}^{2}/8}
\end{equation}
is the $S$ matrix for the scattering of a quark dipole on the nucleus in the large $N_{c}$ approximation and $Q_{s}$ is the gluon saturation momentum
\begin{equation}
Q_{s}^{2}=\frac{4\pi^{2}\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{N_{c}^{2}-1}\rho Lx G(x,1/x_{\perp}^{2}).
\end{equation}
For notational simplicity we have dropped the $\perp$ symbol on transverse quantities in \cref{eq:bb}, which we will continue to do in the following if it does not lead to confusion.
Finally, for graphs in class $C$
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:coo}
C_{11}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}},\\
\label{eq:ctt}
C_{22}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\bigg[\frac{1}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg],
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
while $C_{12}$ and $C_{21}$ do not have logarithmic domains of integration in $z_{\perp}$ and are neglected. The integrands in \cref{eq:bto,eq:ctt} can be simplified to
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\simeq \frac{2}{z^{2}}\bigg(1+\frac{x^{2}}{4z^{2}}\bigg)
\label{eq:expandone}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\frac{z}{z^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z-x/2}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{z+x/2}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg]\simeq\frac{2}{z^{2}}
\label{eq:expandtwo}
\end{equation}
where we keep all terms of zeroth order or of first order in $x^{2}$. (We recall that $x^{2}\equiv x_{\perp}^{2}\sim 1/M^{2}$ with $M$ the transverse momentum of each jet, and we always assume $Q_{s}^{2}/M^{2}\ll 1$.)
The domains where logarithmic integration occurs are easily determined and given below with the various contributions having logarithmic integration listed in the corresponding domain:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\frac{1}{M^{2}}<z_{\perp}^{2}<\frac{E}{\omega M^{2}}\ &: \ A_{11},\, B_{21},\, C_{22},\\
\frac{E}{\omega M^{2}}<z^{2}_{\perp}<\bigg(\frac{E}{\omega M}\bigg)^{2}\ &:\ A_{11},\, B_{11},\, C_{11},\\
\bigg(\frac{E}{\omega M}\bigg)^{2}<z_{\perp}^{2}<\frac{1}{\mu^{2}}\ &:\ A_{11},\, B_{11},\, C_{11}.
\end{align}
\label{eq:initialps}
\end{subequations}
One finds
\begin{equation}
A_{11}+2B_{21}+C_{22}=\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{E/\omega M^{2}}_{1/M^{2}}\frac{d z^{2}}{z^{2}}\bigg[1-e^{-Q_{s}^{2} x^{2}/16}+\frac{x^{2}}{8z^{2}}\bigg],
\label{eq:initialabc}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
A_{11}+2B_{11}+C_{11}=\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{1/\mu^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{d z^{2}}{z^{2}}\big(1-e^{-Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16}\big).
\label{eq:initialabcone}
\end{equation}
In the end we shall expand $e^{-Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16}$ up to first order in $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}$ but for the moment we keep the full exponential form. We note that the contributions, $A_{11}$, $B_{11}$ and $C_{11}$, in the domains where $z_{\perp}^{2}>E/\omega M^{2}$ should not be included here since that region of gluon emission is already in the gluon distribution of the incident proton, however, since all initial state interactions will cancel when we form the difference between the proton-nucleus and the proton-proton two-jet energy spectrum we can keep these terms without danger of double counting.
\subsection{Purely final state radiation}
We begin our calculation of purely final state radiation following what has been done for initial state radiation. Thus in the region $1/M^{2}<z_{\perp}^{2}<E/\omega M^{2}$ corresponding to times after the collision $\omega z_{\perp}^{2} \lesssim E/M^{2}$ we have final state contributions, analogous to those given in \cref{eq:initialps},
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{M^{2}}<z_{\perp}^{2}<\frac{E}{\omega M^{2}}\ :\ A_{22},\, B_{32},\, C_{33}.
\end{equation}
These contributions are
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
A_{22}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}},\\
B_{32}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\, \frac{z}{z^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z-x/2}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{z+x/2}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg]S(x/2)S(-x/2),\\
C_{33}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\, \bigg[\frac{1}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg].
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Using \cref{eq:expandone,eq:expandtwo} one finds
\begin{equation}
A_{22}+2B_{32}+C_{33}=\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{E/\omega M^{2}}_{1/M^{2}}\frac{d z^{2}}{z^{2}}\bigg(1-e^{-Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16}+\frac{x^{2}}{8z^{2}}\bigg).
\label{eq:finalabc}
\end{equation}
When $z^{2}>E/\omega M^{2}$, or equivalently $\omega z^{2}>E /M^{2}$, one can no longer view the quark-antiquark jet pair as having a frozen transverse coordinate. After the scattering the separation between the quark and antiquark, $\Delta x_{\perp}$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\Delta x_{\perp} \simeq x_{\perp}+\omega z^{2}\cdot \frac{M}{E}=x_{\perp}+\frac{\omega z^{2}}{E/M^{2}}\cdot \frac{1}{M}.
\end{equation}
Since $x_{\perp}$ is of size $1/M$ we see that when $\omega z^{2}\gg E/M^{2}$ $\Delta x_{\perp}$ will generally be much larger than $1/M$. This is the region where the decays of the jets become important. We define the quark and antiquark jets by cones of half-angle $\delta$ centered about their directions of motion. The gluon radiation spectrum additional to \cref{eq:finalabc} is then given by radiation coming off the quark (or antiquark) at an angle $\theta$ in the interval
\begin{equation}
\delta^{2}<\theta^{2}<\frac{M^{2}}{E \omega}
\end{equation}
where the upper limit of $\theta^{2}$ is determined by requiring the gluon formation time be equal to $E/M^{2}$, that is $1/\omega \theta_{\textrm{max}}^{2}=E/M^{2}$. Gluons emitted at large angle are already included in \cref{eq:finalabc}. Thus
\begin{equation}
A_{33}+C_{33}=\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{M^{2}/E\omega}_{\delta^{2}}\frac{d \theta^{2}}{\theta^{2}}
\end{equation}
while
\begin{equation}
2B_{33}=-\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{M^{2}/E \omega}_{\delta^{2}}\frac{d \theta^{2}}{\theta^{2}}\, S^{2}(x/2).
\end{equation}
It is convenient to write this as
\begin{equation}
A_{33}+2B_{33}+C_{33}=\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{(M/E)^{2}}_{\delta^{2}}\frac{d \theta^{2}}{\theta^{2}}\big(1-e^{-Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16}\big)+\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{(E/\omega M)^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{d z^{2}}{z^{2}}\big(1-e^{-Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16}\big).
\label{eq:finalcom}
\end{equation}
If the produced quark-antiquark pair are heavy quarks having mass $M$ then the first term on the right-hand side of \cref{eq:finalcom} is absent, the $\theta$ integration going over the ``dead cone'' \cite{Dokshitzer}. \Cref{eq:finalabc,eq:finalcom} are our final results for final state energy radiation. We note that \cref{eq:initialabc,eq:finalabc} are identical. Also \cref{eq:initialabcone} and the second term on the right-hand side of \cref{eq:finalcom} are identical except for upper limits on the $z_{\perp}$ integration reflecting the fact that the final state radiation is off jets.
\subsection{Initial-state-final-state interference terms}
The interference terms are straightforward to calculate, but there are many terms. We shall first give expression for the various terms and then their domains. Thus,
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
A_{12}=A_{21}&=-\frac{\alpha N_{c}}{\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}}\, S^{2}(z),\\
\label{eq:ifa}
A_{13}=A_{31}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\,\frac{z}{z^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z-x/2}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{z+x/2}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg]S^{2}(z).
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
For type $C$ graphs
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
C_{23}=C_{32}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\, \bigg[\frac{S^{2}(z-x/2)}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{S^{2}(z+x/2)}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg],\\
\label{eq:ifc}
C_{13}=C_{31}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\, \frac{z}{z^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z+x/2}{(z+x/2)^{2}}S^{2}(z+x/2)+\frac{z-x/2}{(z-x/2)^{2}}S^{2}(z-x/2)\bigg].
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Finally, for class $B$ graphs
\begin{align}
B_{22}=B_{13}=B_{31}&=\frac{\alpha N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\,\frac{z}{z^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z+x/2}{(z+x/2)^{2}}S(z)S(x/2)S(z+x/2)\nonumber\\
&\phantom{====}+\frac{z-x/2}{(z-x/2)^{2}}S(z)S(x/2)S(z-x/2)\bigg],
\label{eq:ifb}
\end{align}
are the only nonzero contributions. The different region for these contributions are
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\textrm{region}& \ 2,\quad \frac{1}{M^{2}}<z^{2}<\frac{E}{\omega M^{2}}:\quad A_{12},\, A_{21},\, C_{23},\, C_{32},\, B_{22},\, B_{31};\\
\textrm{region}& \ 1,\quad \frac{E}{\omega M^{2}}<z^{2}<\bigg(\frac{E}{\omega M}\bigg)^{2}:\quad A_{13},\, A_{31},\, C_{13},\, C_{31},\, B_{13},\, B_{31}.
\end{align}
\label{eq:ifregion}
\end{subequations}
In order to further evaluate these contributions it is useful to expand the $S$ matrices appearing in \cref{eq:ifa,eq:ifc,eq:ifb} in the small-$x$ limit. Thus
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
S^{2}(z-x/2)&\simeq e^{-Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}/4}\bigg(1+\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{4}z\cdot x-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{16}x^{2}+\cdots \bigg),\\
S(z)S(x/2)S(z-x/2)&\simeq e^{-Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}/4}\bigg(1+\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}z\cdot x-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{16}x^{2}+\cdots \bigg).
\end{align}
\label{eq:expandthree}
\end{subequations}
In the region $E/\omega M^{2}<z^{2}<(E/\omega M)^{2}$ the total initial-final interference contribution is
\begin{equation}
(A+2B+C)_{1}=-\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\, \frac{z}{z^{2}}\cdot \frac{(z-x/2)}{(z-x/2)^{2}}\Big[ S^{2}(z)+S^{2}(z-x/2)-2S(z)S(x/2)S(z-x/2)\Big]
\label{eq:crossfullone}
\end{equation}
where the subscript indicates the region $E/\omega M^{2}<z^{2}<(E/\omega M)^{2}$. Using \cref{eq:expandthree} one gets
\begin{equation}
S^{2}(z)+S^{2}(z-x/2)-2S(z)S(x/2)S(z-x/2)\simeq S^{2}(z)\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{16}x^{2}
\label{eq:qqexpand}
\end{equation}
giving
\begin{equation}
(A+2B+C)_{1}=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{8\pi}\int^{(E/M\omega)^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}\, e^{-Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}/4}.
\label{eq:crossone}
\end{equation}
In the region $1/M^{2}<z^{2}<E/\omega M^{2}$, indicated by the subscript 2 below, the contribution is
\begin{equation}
(A+2B+C)_{2}=-\frac{2\alpha_{s} N_{c}}{\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\bigg[\frac{S^{2}(z)}{z^{2}}+\frac{S^{2}(z-x/2)}{(z-x/2)^{2}}-2\frac{z\cdot(z-x/2)}{z^{2}(z-x/2)^{2}}S(x/2)S(z)S(z-x/2)\bigg].
\label{eq:crossfulltwo}
\end{equation}
Using \cref{eq:expandthree} one finds
\begin{equation}
(A+2B+C)_{2}=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{4\pi}\int^{E/\omega M^{2}}_{1/M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}e^{-Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}/4}\bigg(1+\frac{2}{Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}}\bigg).
\label{eq:crosstwo}
\end{equation}
\subsection{Putting all the terms together}
\Cref{eq:initialabc,eq:initialabcone,eq:finalabc,eq:finalcom,eq:crossone,eq:crosstwo} give the final results for gluon radiation occurring during the hard process gluon $+$ nucleus $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark jets. Our real interest is in the change in the per event gluon radiation in going from a proton target to a nuclear target. Without gluon radiation the three graphs $A,B,C$ of \cref{fig:twojets} give
\begin{equation}
(A+2B+C)_{\textrm{no radiation}}=1+1-2e^{-Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16}\simeq \frac{Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{8}.
\label{eq:norad}
\end{equation}
If we divide our above results by \cref{eq:norad} we get a per event radiation spectrum.
We note some unusual terms, proportional to $d^{2}z/z^{4}$, which do not vanish when $Q_{s}^{2}$ is set to zero. These terms are present in \cref{eq:initialabc,eq:finalabc,eq:crosstwo}. A term which survives as $Q_{s}^{2}\rightarrow 0$ is a term where no scattering with the target occurs. Such terms should not be present in our final answer and, indeed, they cancel when the contributions of \cref{eq:initialabc,eq:finalabc,eq:crosstwo} are added together. After this cancellation is accounted for, all remaining terms go to zero as $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}$ when $x^{2}\rightarrow 0$. We keep only the linear term in $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}$, appropriate to the case where $Q_{s}^{2}/M^{2}\ll 1$, but we keep all powers in $z^{2}Q_{s}^{2}$. In order to evaluate the difference of the proton-nucleus and proton-proton spectra we first divide all results by $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/8$, as given in \cref{eq:norad}, to get a normalized spectrum. The resulting initial and final state scattering terms then have no $Q_{s}^{2}$ dependence whatsoever so they cancel in the difference between nuclear and proton targets. The interference terms given in \cref{eq:crossone,eq:crosstwo} give a nonzero contribution to the difference between the spectrum for proton and nuclear targets in the region
\begin{equation}
\frac{4}{Q_{s}^{2}}<z^{2}<\textrm{min}\bigg[\bigg(\frac{E}{M\omega}\bigg)^{2},\frac{4}{Q_{s}^{2}(\textrm{P})}\bigg],
\label{eq:apregion}
\end{equation}
where the factors of 4 in \cref{eq:apregion} represent our best guess as to how numerical limits to the logarithmic integrals come in (see \cref{app:ps}). $Q_{s}^{2}$ is, as always, the saturation momentum of the nucleus, and $Q_{s}^{2}(\textrm{P})$ is the saturation momentum of the proton if $x$ values are small enough for the proton saturation momentum to have meaning, otherwise $Q_{s}(\textrm{P})$ should be taken to be a hadron scale of, say, 300 to 500$\,\textrm{MeV}$. Dividing \cref{eq:crossone,eq:crosstwo} by \cref{eq:norad} and using the resulting expression in the region \cref{eq:apregion} gives
\begin{equation}
\omega\frac{d I^{\textrm{Nucleus}-\textrm{Proton}}}{d\omega}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\ln \frac{E^{2}Q_{s}^{2}}{4M^{2}\omega^{2}}=\frac{2\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\ln\frac{EQ_{s}}{2M\omega},
\label{eq:radspec}
\end{equation}
in case $M\omega /E>Q_{s}(\textrm{P})/2$. In case $M \omega/E <Q_{s}(\textrm{P})/2$ one has
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:radspecqs}
\omega\frac{dI}{d\omega}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\ln\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{Q_{s}^{2}(\textrm{P})},
\end{equation}
a result which does not depend on $\omega$. \Cref{eq:radspec,eq:radspecqs} are exactly the result of Arleo and Peign\'e \cite{Arleo}.
\subsection{Small-$x$ evolution}
So far we have treated the scattering of the incoming gluon, two gluon, quark-antiquark, or quark-antiquark gluon on the nucleus in a simple Glauber approximation. However, it is easy to include QCD small-$x$ evolution in the Gaussian approximation \cite{Iancu} so long as $Q_{s}/M\ll 1$. (Small-$x$ evolution in general is not difficult to implement although numerical evaluations of dipole scattering amplitudes are required for explicit results. See below.) The result in the Gaussian approximation is that one uses the formulas exactly as we have given them but $Q_{s}^{2}$ and $Q_{s}^{2}(\textrm{P})$ are taken to be $x$ dependent with $x_{\textrm{BJ}}\simeq M^{2}/2Em_{\textrm{p}}$ [see \cref{eq:smallxregion} for a more precise range of $x$ values] where $m_{\textrm{p}}$ is the proton mass and $M$ and $E$ are the jet transverse momentum (heavy quark mass) and $E$ the energy of the jets or heavy quarks. Let us briefly indicate how this comes about. It should suffice to take graphs in class $B$ as shown in \cref{fig:twojets}. If we view this as an amplitude rather then as a cut amplitude, which should be valid for leading and next-to-leading small-$x$ evolution \cite{Mueller}, the amplitude can be illustrated as in \cref{fig:dipoleone}. The complex conjugate amplitude in \cref{fig:twojets} appears as the upper half of the graph in \cref{fig:dipoleone}. The first, highest energy $\omega$, gluon emission which accounts for the energy loss must connect the lower part of the graph in \cref{fig:dipoleone} to the upper part of that graph. Subsequent gluon evolution involving gluons having energy less than $\omega$ can appear anywhere in the graph. If the first gluon $\omega$ is a purely initial state emission going from regions 1 or 2 in the lower part of the graph to region 1 in the upper part of the graph then this first emission has no effect on the subsequent softer emissions. Exactly the same is the case for purely final state interactions. Thus, when the first gluon emission is purely initial state or purely final state the evolution is exactly as if there were no emission and thus these terms will continue to cancel when nucleus minus proton differences are taken, and this cancellation does not depend on the Gaussian approximation.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:dipoleone}
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{./dipoleone.eps}}
\hspace{0.1in}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:dipolerad}
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{./dipolerad.eps}}
\caption{Two-jet production with small-$x$ evolution. $(a)$ is a cross diagram without a gluon radiation in the dipole form. $(b)$ is the energy loss diagram.}
\label{fig:evolution}
\end{figure}
Now consider initial-state-final-state interference graphs. As an example we take the $B_{13}$ term evaluated earlier and illustrated in the dipole formalism in \cref{fig:dipolerad}. The system passing over the nucleus in \cref{fig:dipolerad} consists of a gluon $(z_{\perp},\omega)$, a gluon $(0_{\perp},E)$, a quark $(x_{\perp}/2,E/2)$ and an antiquark $(-x_{\perp}/2,E/2)$. Because of the large $N_{c}$ approximation this two gluon-quark-antiquark systems can be viewed as three independent (quark,antiquark) dipoles at positions $(-x_{\perp}/2,0_{\perp})$, $(0_{\perp},z_{\perp})$, $(z_{\perp},x_{\perp}/2)$. The scattering has the factor given by the last factor on the right-hand side of \cref{eq:crossfullone}. If we take the $S$ matrices to be given by Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution (BK) \cite{Balitsky,Kovchegov} starting from a McLerran-Venugopalan initial condition then \cref{eq:crossfullone,eq:crossfulltwo} are general, including evolution, in the large $N_{c}$ approximation. However, \cref{eq:expandthree,eq:qqexpand} require the Gaussian approximation.
Thus in the Gaussian approximation we expect \cref{eq:crossone,eq:crosstwo} and hence \cref{eq:radspec,eq:radspecqs} to have small-$x$ evolution included in $Q_{s}$ and $Q_{s}(\textrm{P})$ while more generally small-$x$ evolution is included, via BK evolution, in \cref{eq:crossfullone,eq:crossfulltwo} when the $S$ matrices are evaluated using BK evolution. In the Gaussian approximation the evolution results in a saturation momentum depending on $1/x_{\textrm{BJ}}=2\omega m_{\textrm{p}}z_{\perp}^{2}$. For a fixed $\omega$ and $1/Q^{2}_{s}<z_{\perp}^{2}<(E/M \omega)^{2}$ (see \cref{eq:apregion,eq:radspec}) this leads to $x_{\textrm{BJ}}$ values in the region
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:smallxregion}
\frac{2\omega m_{\textrm{p}}}{Q_{s}^{2}}<\frac{1}{x_{\textrm{BJ}}}<\frac{E}{\omega}\frac{2Em_{\textrm{p}}}{M^{2}}.
\end{equation}
\section{Energy loss in quark $\rightarrow$ quark-gluon jets in proton-nucleus collisions\label{sec:qgjet}}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:qga}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{./qga.eps}}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:qgb}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{./qgb.eps}}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:qgc}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{./qgc.eps}}
\caption{Quark $\rightarrow$ quark-gluon production in proton-nucleus collisions. The circles represent the nuclei. The numbers above the Feynman diagrams label the various places that a gluon can be emitted. (a), (b) and (c) represent all possible places that the interactions can happen.}
\label{fig:qgjets}
\end{figure}
This section is pretty much a repeat of what has just been done, but now for quark $\rightarrow$ quark-gluon jets rather than gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark jets. Of course it would be nice to simply read off the radiative spectrum results for quark $\rightarrow$ quark-gluon in terms of those for gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark but we, so far, have not been able to find a way to do this. We are thus forced to do another detailed calculation, again in the large $N_{c}$ limit, for the quark initiated process. Analogous to those shown in \cref{fig:twojets} the relevant graphs now are shown in \cref{fig:qgjets}. As in the last section we consider, in turn, purely initial state radiation, purely final state radiation and initial-state-final-state interference terms. We shall be somewhat briefer in our description of the calculations here since the general procedure is exactly as in the previous section.
\subsection{Purely initial state radiation}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=13cm]{./loop.eps}
\caption{A quark splits into a quark and gluon in the large $N_{c}$ limit.}
\label{fig:loop}
\end{figure}
The contributions to purely initial state radiation are:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
A_{11}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}},\\
\label{eq:qgboo}
B_{11}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}}S(x)S(x/2),\\
B_{21}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\,\frac{z\cdot (z-x/2)}{z^{2}(z-x/2)^{2}}S(x)S(x/2),\\
C_{11}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}},\\
\label{eq:qgctt}
C_{22}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\, \bigg[\frac{1}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{x^{2}}{(z-x/2)^{2}(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg].
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
The new element here as compared to our previous calculation is the presence of a closed color loop illustrated in \cref{fig:loop} where the gluon line is replaced by a quark-antiquark pair in the large $N_{c}$ limit. Thus for example the $S(x)$ in \cref{eq:qgboo} stands for elastic scattering in the initial state on the closed fermion loop in \cref{fig:loop} while the $S(x/2)$ corresponds to a combination of elastic and inelastic scatterings on the lower fermion line on the right-hand part of \cref{fig:loop}. Similarly the second term on the right-hand side of \cref{eq:qgctt} corresponds to the radiated gluon being emitted and absorbed in the closed fermion (dipole) loop with the result being the usual dipole formula for gluon emission. The kinematic regions where those contributions are important are exactly as in \cref{eq:initialps} of the previous section. Thus one gets
\begin{equation}
A_{11}+2B_{21}+C_{22}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{5Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{16}\int^{E/\omega M^{2}}_{1/M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}\bigg[\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}}\bigg]
\label{eq:qgfullabcone}
\end{equation}
for the region $1/M^{2}<z^{2}<E/\omega M^{2}$ while
\begin{equation}
A_{11}+2B_{11}+C_{11}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{1/\mu^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}\big(1-e^{-\frac{5}{32}Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}\big)\simeq \frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{5Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{16}\frac{1}{2}\int^{1/\mu^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}
\label{eq:qgfullabctwo}
\end{equation}
in the region $E/\omega M^{2}<z^{2}<1/\mu^{2}$ where $\mu$ is an infrared cutoff. As in the previous section the initial state contributions coming from the region $E/\omega M^{2}<z^{2}<1/\mu^{2}$ are already included in the quark parton distribution in the nonradiative two-jet production. In forming the differences between nuclear and proton targets such terms will cancel and the double counting problem will be avoided.
\subsection{Purely final state radiation}
In the region $1/M^{2}<z^{2}<E/\omega M^{2}$ the following contributions are important:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
A_{22}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}},\\
B_{32}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\, \frac{z\cdot (z-x/2)}{z^{2}(z-x/2)^{2}}S(x)S(x/2),\\
\label{eq:qgcdtt}
C_{33}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\,\bigg[\frac{2}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(z+x/2)^{2}}-2\frac{(z-x/2)\cdot(z+x/2)}{(z-x/2)^{2}(z+x/2)^{2}}S^{2}(x)\bigg].
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
One finds
\begin{equation}
A_{22}+2B_{32}+C_{33}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{5Q_{s}x^{2}}{16}\int^{E/\omega M^{2}}_{1/M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}\bigg[\frac{13}{10}+\frac{2}{Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}}\bigg].
\end{equation}
In the large $z_{\perp}$ region we separate the contribution into two parts. The first part
\begin{equation}
\frac{3\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{(M/E)^{2}}_{\delta^{2}}\frac{d \theta^{2}}{\theta^{2}}\big[1-S(x)S(x/2)\big]
\label{eq:qgcone}
\end{equation}
corresponds to emission at very small angles with respect to the jets, but at angle $\theta>\delta$. The prefactor $3\alpha_{s}N_{c}/\pi$ is exactly $\frac{3}{2}$ times that of the first term in \cref{eq:finalcom} reflecting the fact that the color charge squared of the gluon jet is twice that of the quark jet in the large $N_{c}$ approximation. In the region $E/\omega M^{2}<z^{2}<(E/\omega M)^{2}$ one has contributions
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
A_{33}&=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\,\bigg[\frac{1}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{x^{2}}{(z-x/2)^{2}(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg],\\
B_{33}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\,\bigg[\frac{1}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{x^{2}}{(z-x/2)^{2}(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg]S(x)S(x/2)
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
and $C_{33}$ as given in \cref{eq:qgcdtt}. Including the contribution \cref{eq:qgcone} one gets a total contribution for $z^{2}>E/\omega M^{2}$
\begin{equation}
A_{33}+2B_{33}+C_{33}=\frac{3\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{(M/E)^{2}}_{\delta^{2}}\frac{d \theta^{2}}{\theta^{2}}\big(1-e^{-\frac{5}{32}Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}\big)+\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{5Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{16}\frac{13}{10}\int^{(E/\omega M)^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{d z^{2}}{z^{2}}.
\label{eq:qgtotalabc}
\end{equation}
\subsection{Initial-state-final-state interference terms}
The interference terms are
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
A_{12}=A_{21}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}}S^{2}(z),\\
\label{eq:acbbb}
\begin{pmatrix}
A_{13}=A_{31}\\
C_{13}=C_{31}\\
B_{22}=B_{13}=B_{31}
\end{pmatrix}
&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\,\frac{z\cdot (z-x/2)}{z^{2}(z-x/2)^{2}}
\begin{pmatrix}
S^{2}(z)\\
S^{2}(z-x/2)\\
-S(x)S(z)S(z-x/2)
\end{pmatrix},\\
C_{23}=C_{32}&=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\,\bigg[\frac{2S^{2}(z-x/2)}{(z-x/2)^{2}}+\frac{S^{2}(z+x/2)}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\\
&\phantom{==}-\frac{(z+x/2)\cdot (z-x/2)}{(z+x/2)^{2}(z-x/2)^{2}}\big(S^{2}(z+x/2)+S^{2}(z-x/2)\big)\bigg].
\end{align}
\label{eq:qgacb}
\end{subequations}
Keeping only linear term in $x^{2}$ one finds
\begin{equation}
(A+2B+C)_{2}=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{5Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{16}\int^{E/\omega M^{2}}_{1/M^{2}}\frac{d z^{2}}{z^{2}}\, e^{-Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}/4}\bigg[\frac{9}{5}+\frac{4}{Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}}\bigg]
\label{eq:qgregiontwo}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
(A+2B+C)_{1}=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{5Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{16}\frac{4}{5}\int^{(E/\omega M)^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}e^{-Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}/4}.
\label{eq:qgregionone}
\end{equation}
The subscripts 1 and 2 on $(A+2B+C)$ indicate the same combination of terms as in \cref{eq:ifregion} of the previous section. We have isolated the factor $5Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16$ in front of \cref{eq:qgregiontwo,eq:qgregionone} because that is the factor that appears when there is no radiation, analogous to \cref{eq:norad} in the previous section, and so dividing our formulas by this factor will give the radiation spectrum $\omega dI/d\omega$.
In evaluating the change in the spectrum in going from a proton to a nuclear target initial and final state emissions cancel leaving only the initial-state-final-state interference terms given in \cref{eq:qgregiontwo,eq:qgregionone}. Keeping linear terms in $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}$ and dividing by $5Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16$ we find, in analogy with \cref{eq:radspec,eq:radspecqs}
\begin{equation}
\omega\frac{d I^{\textrm{Nucleus}-\textrm{Proton}}}{d\omega}=\frac{8}{5}\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\ln\frac{EQ_{s}}{2M\omega}
\label{eq:radspecqgone}
\end{equation}
for $(\omega M/E)>Q_{s}(\textrm{P})/2$ and
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:radspecqgtwo}
\omega\frac{dI^{\textrm{Nucleus}-\textrm{Proton}}}{d\omega}=\frac{4}{5}\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\ln\frac{Q^{2}_{s}}{Q^{2}_{s}(P)}
\end{equation}
for $(\omega M/E)<Q_{s}(\textrm{P})/2$. We note that \cref{eq:radspecqgone,eq:radspecqgtwo} are surprisingly close to \cref{eq:radspec,eq:radspecqs} a fact (coincidence ?) for which we have no explanation.
\subsection{Rough estimates of energy loss}
Now let us use \cref{eq:radspecqgone,eq:radspecqgtwo} to get some rough estimates of the typical energy loss difference in an event on a nuclear target and on a proton target. A natural definition of typical energy loss $\bar{\omega}$ is to require
\begin{equation}
\int_{\bar{\omega}}d\omega\, \frac{d I^{\textrm{Nucleus}-\textrm{Proton}}}{d\omega}=\frac{1}{2}.
\label{eq:avg}
\end{equation}
We first use \cref{eq:avg} to give an estimate of $\bar{\omega}$ at RHIC energies for forward, quark initiated, two-jet production. If $(\bar{\omega}M/E)>Q_{s}(\textrm{P})/2$ one can use \cref{eq:radspecqgone} in \cref{eq:avg} to get
\begin{equation}
\frac{8\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{5\pi}\ln^{2}\frac{EQ_{s}}{2M \bar{\omega}}=1
\end{equation}
or
\begin{equation}
\frac{E}{\bar{\omega}}=\frac{2M}{Q_{s}}\exp\bigg(\sqrt{\frac{5\pi}{8\alpha_{s} N_{c}}}\bigg).
\label{eq:eo}
\end{equation}
Taking $M=3\,\textrm{GeV}$, $Q_{s}=1.5\,\textrm{GeV}$, $\alpha_{s}=\frac{2}{5}$ one finds
\begin{equation}
\bigg(\frac{E}{\bar{\omega}}\bigg)_{\textrm{RHIC}}\simeq 14.
\label{eq:rhic}
\end{equation}
$(2M\bar{\omega})/E\simeq \frac{3}{7}$ so that for $Q_{s}(\textrm{P})\lesssim \frac{1}{2}\, \textrm{GeV}$ the condition for using \cref{eq:radspecqgone} is satisfied. For LHC energies take $M=7\,\textrm{GeV}$, $Q_{s}=2.5\, \textrm{GeV}$ and $\alpha_{s}=\frac{1}{3}$ in which case \cref{eq:eo} gives
\begin{equation}
\bigg(\frac{E}{\bar{\omega}}\bigg)_{\textrm{LHC}}\simeq 23.
\end{equation}
We note that \cref{eq:rhic} is very close to the estimate given in Ref.~\cite{Frankfurt} some time ago.
\subsection{A comment}
In this section we shall indicate why we do not believe that there is a simple rule for evaluating the spectrum $\omega dI^{\textrm{Nucleus}-\textrm{Proton}}/d\omega$ in two-jet production in terms of the external charges of the partons. We begin with the process gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark where a simple rule was found in Ref.~\cite{Arleo}. Let us try to see how that rule comes about in our calculation. For simplicity we suppose the transverse coordinate of the emitted gluon $z_{\perp}$ lies in the interval $E/\omega M^{2}<z^{2}<(E/\omega M)^{2}$. Referring to \cref{eq:initialabcone,eq:finalcom}, and taking $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}$ small as well as factoring out $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/8$, the spectrum both for initial and for final state radiation is
\begin{equation}
\omega\frac{d I^{\textrm{Initial}}}{d\omega}=\omega\frac{d I^{\textrm{Final}}}{d\omega}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{(E/\omega M)^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}
\end{equation}
which looks just like bremsstrahlung from a gluon. The interference term given in \cref{eq:crossfullone,eq:crossone} is
\begin{equation}
\omega\frac{dI^{\textrm{Interference}}}{d\omega}=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\int^{(E/\omega M)^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}e^{-Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}/4}.
\end{equation}
Thus one-half of the initial plus final state radiation is canceled if $Q_{s}E/\omega M\ll 1$. The radiation which is emitted when $Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}/4<1$ is due to the hard collision, not due to the multiple scattering. The key to why exactly $\frac{1}{2}$ of the initial and final state radiation is canceled by interference lies in \cref{eq:crossfullone,eq:qqexpand}. Without radiation the four scattering terms in \cref{eq:qqexpand} would be given by \cref{eq:norad}, the factor defining the rate of scattering without radiation. The factor $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16$ on the right-hand side of \cref{eq:qqexpand} is a factor of 2 smaller accounting for the fact that only $\frac{1}{2}$ of the initial and final state radiation is canceled by the interference term.
Now to the main point. The factor of 2 difference between the $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/8$ on the right-hand side of \cref{eq:norad} and the $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}/16$ on the right-hand side of \cref{eq:qqexpand} is not universal. In the process quark $\rightarrow$ quark-gluon the production rate is given by the factor
\begin{equation}
1+1-2S(x)S(x/2)\simeq \frac{5Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{16}
\end{equation}
while the interference term has the scattering factor given by \cref{eq:acbbb}
\begin{equation}
S^{2}(z)+S^{2}(z-x/2)-2S(x)S(z)S(z-x/2)\simeq S^{2}(z)\frac{Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}}{4}.
\end{equation}
So now the scattering factor is reduced by a factor of $\frac{4}{5}$ in the interference term for radiation. This is the $\frac{4}{5}$ on the far right in \cref{eq:qgregionone}. We do not understand why the radiation factor is $\frac{4}{5}$ here and $\frac{1}{2}$ in gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark. Since it is the interference term alone which shows up in $\omega dI^{\textrm{Nucleus}-\textrm{Proton}}/d\omega$ we are unable to see a general pattern for the radiation factors which come in for energy loss differences between nuclear and proton targets. As a final comment we note that in quark $\rightarrow$ quark-gluon final state radiation and initial radiation are not the same [compare the $\frac{1}{2}$ on the far right of \cref{eq:qgfullabctwo} with the $\frac{13}{10}$ on the far right of \cref{eq:qgtotalabc}] in contrast to the case of gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark.
\section{Energy loss in heavy quarkonium production in proton-nucleus collisions: The color evaporation model\label{sec:quarkonium}}
Now let us switch the topic to the calculation of the energy loss in heavy quarkonium production in proton-nucleus collisions. We still view the process in a frame where a gluon from the proton splits into a heavy quark-antiquark pair, each of which has a mass $M\gg Q_{s}$, scattering on a nucleus. The transverse separation of the quark and antiquark is roughly $1/M$ and the transverse momentum of the (anti)quark is much less than $M$. Here we shall focus on two different major models for the heavy quarkonium production: the color evaporation model \cite{Fritzsch,Halzen,Gluck,Barger} and the color singlet model \cite{Kharzeev,Dominguez}. In the color evaporation model the heavy quark-antiquark pair stays in a color octet state and is neutralized by some soft gluon emissions during the subsequent hadronization process. These gluons are different from the one that leads to the energy loss. In the color singlet model the transition from a octet state to a singlet state happens via the last inelastic scattering with the nucleus. This color transition mechanism has been discussed in detail in Refs.~\cite{Kharzeev,Dominguez}.
In the color evaporation model comparing with the gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark jet production, one sees that the quark mass $M$ plays the role of a hard scale, which is the transverse momentum of the jets in the two-jet case. Moreover, in the two-jet calculation we do not have to take the color transition into account, which is also the case for a quarkonium production in the evaporation model. Therefore the calculation of heavy quarkonium production in the color evaporation model and two-jet calculation are very similar, so we shall focus on the evaporation model first and then study the color singlet model in detail in the next section.
In the color evaporation model, almost all the calculations we have done for the gluon $\rightarrow$ quark-antiquark jet production can be directly used for the heavy quarkonium production. The major difference is that now the phase space of the gluon radiation is more restricted. Due to the heavy mass of the quark-antiquark pair the small-angle final state gluon radiation is forbidden. The transverse momentum $k_{\perp}$ of a radiated gluon should be greater than $\omega M/E$, below which radiation is not possible. This suppression of small-angle radiation from a heavy mass object is known as the ``dead cone'' phenomenon \cite{Dokshitzer}. The allowed gluon radiation phase space of the heavy quark-antiquark pair coincides with that of the two-jet production when the gluon is emitted coherently from the two jets. That is the gluon radiation calculation in heavy quarkonium production is the same as the large-angle gluon radiation part in the two-jet case. Furthermore, due to the suppression of small-angle gluon emission, we no longer have gluon radiation inside the opening angle between the quark and antiquark, i.e. the first term in \cref{eq:finalcom} should not be included in the present calculation while the rest of the calculation follows exactly the same as the two-jet case. Therefore, the gluon radiation spectrum is still given by \cref{eq:radspec,eq:radspecqs}, with $M$ now interpreted as the mass of the heavy quark. The phenomenology for this case has been carried out in Refs.~\cite{Peigne,Arleo}.
\section{Energy loss in heavy quarkonium production in proton-nucleus collisions: The color singlet model\label{sec:colorsinglet}}
In the color singlet model the color octet quark-antiquark pair becomes a color singlet via either the last inelastic interaction, a mechanism that we will discuss in \cref{sec:singletno}, or a gluon emission that carries a certain amount of energy from the system. However, the transition of the color state only happens once; multiple transitions are suppressed in the large $N_{c}$ limit. In contrast to the color evaporation model the following calculation cannot be applied to proton-proton collisions, simply because in the color singlet model more than one gluon exchange is required to produce the heavy quarkonium. So in the following calculation we only calculate the $J/\psi$ production cross section with energy loss in proton-nucleus collisions without attempting to compare it with proton-proton collisions. Another important aspect of the color singlet model calculation is that we shall take the $J/\psi$ production wave function into account. We will see later the $J/\psi$ wave function puts a quite strong constraint on the form of the $S$ matrix. The cross section reads
\begin{equation}
\frac{d\sigma_{gA\rightarrow J/\psi X}}{d^{2}b}=\int^{1}_{0}dz\int\frac{d^{2}x_{\perp}}{4\pi}\Phi(x_{\perp},z)\int^{1}_{0}dz'\int \frac{d^{2}x'_{\perp}}{4\pi}\Phi^{*}(x'_{\perp},z')\int \frac{d\omega}{\omega}\,\mathcal{S}(x_{\perp},x'_{\perp};\omega).
\label{eq:cocs}
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{S}(x_{\perp},x'_{\perp};\omega)$ is the scattering factor, which will be replaced by, for example, \cref{eq:ssctt}, of the quark-antiquark-gluon system propagating in the presence of a nucleus and $\Phi(x_{\perp},z)=\psi_{J/\psi}^{*}\psi_{g}$ is the $J/\psi$ production wave function which takes the following form \cite{Dominguez,Kowalski,Soyez,Watt}:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:wavefunction}
\Phi(x_{\perp},z)=\frac{g}{\pi\sqrt{2N_{c}}}\Big\{M^{2}K_{0}(Mx_{\perp})\phi_{T}(x_{\perp},z)-\big[z^{2}+(1-z)^{2}\big]MK_{1}(Mx_{\perp})\partial_{x_{\perp}}\phi_{T}(x_{\perp},z)\Big\}
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}
\phi_{T}(x_{\perp},z)=N_{T}z(1-z)\exp\bigg(-\frac{x_{\perp}^{2}}{2R_{T}^{2}}\bigg)
\end{equation}
and where $N_{T}=1.23$, $R_{T}^{2}=6.5\, \textrm{GeV}^{-2}$ \cite{Soyez}. Note that the wave function \cref{eq:wavefunction} contains modified Bessel functions, $K_{0}(Mx_{\perp})$ and $K_{1}(Mx_{\perp})$, which are even functions of $x_{\perp}$. Hence odd terms in either $x_{\perp}$ or $x'_{\perp}$ cannot survive in the calculation of $\mathcal{S}(x_{\perp},x'_{\perp};\omega)$. In the following calculation we will immediately neglect terms that are odd in $x_{\perp}$ or $x'_{\perp}$, which leads to great simplification.
Moreover, we still classify the graphs in the same way as shown in \cref{fig:twojets}. However, the reader should keep in mind that the quark-antiquark pair in \cref{fig:twojets} should be in a color singlet in the final state in the following calculation, hence we put a superscript ``$s$'' on the letter indicating the class. The color restriction, together with the property of the $J/\psi$ wave function, tremendously reduces the number of graphs we have to calculate. Nevertheless the calculation of the last inelastic scattering, the $\xi$ integration [see \cref{eq:singletsmatrix}], becomes complicated for the initial-state-final-state interference terms. The allowed phase space of the gluon radiation is still the same as that in the color evaporation model.
Instead of going directly into the energy loss calculation we shall first review the color singlet model that has been discussed in Ref.~\cite{Dominguez}. This is a good starting place to let the reader see the difference between the calculation in a color singlet model and that of the two-jet and heavy onium production in the color evaporation model. Additional complexities come because we have to integrate over the places that the color transition happens, which makes the evaluation of the $S$ matrix completely different. So let us start with evaluating the $S$ matrix of a quark-antiquark propagating through a nucleus without energy loss while a color transition of the quark-antiquark pair happens during the scattering process.
\subsection{Quarkonium production without energy loss\label{sec:singletno}}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=13cm]{./singlet.eps}
\caption{A heavy quark-antiquark pair propagates through a nucleus without energy loss. The circles denote nucleons in the nucleus. The last inelastic scattering happens at a longitudinal position $\xi$. Interactions before or after the last inelastic interaction are not shown.}
\label{fig:singlet}
\end{figure}
Let us first calculate the $S$ matrix of a heavy quarkonium converting from a color octet state to a color singlet state while propagating through a nucleus as shown in \cref{fig:singlet} \cite{Kharzeev,Dominguez}. Since we do not directly measure the quark-antiquark pair, we distinguish the transverse coordinates of the quark-antiquark pair in the amplitude and that in the complex conjugate amplitude. The quark-antiquark pair is converted to a color singlet state via the last inelastic scattering in the nucleus, which is indicated by a gluon line from a nucleon in \cref{fig:singlet}. The inelastic scattering happening at a longitudinal coordinate $\xi$ brings in a scattering factor
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:sfactor}
\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{4T(b)}x\cdot x'
\end{equation}
where $T(b)$ is the length of the nuclear matter at an impact parameter $b$. Before the last inelastic scattering the quark-antiquark pair is in an octet state, so elastic scatterings can occur off a single quark or antiquark in the amplitude or complex conjugate amplitude, or inelastic scatterings involving the quark (antiquark) in both the amplitude and complex conjugate amplitude. All these possible interactions are not drawn in \cref{fig:singlet}. Then all the scatterings that happen before the last inelastic scatterings give
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:before}
\exp\bigg[-\frac{(x-x')^{2}Q_{s}^{2}}{16}\frac{\xi}{T(b)}\bigg].
\end{equation}
After the last inelastic scattering the quark-antiquark pair is in a color singlet state, then only elastic scattering can happen, which gives another factor
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:after}
\exp\bigg[-\frac{1}{8}(x^{2}+x'^{2})Q_{s}^{2}\bigg(1-\frac{\xi}{T(b)}\bigg)\bigg].
\end{equation}
Putting \cref{eq:sfactor,eq:before,eq:after} together and integrating over all the possible places that the last inelastic scattering can happen we find \cite{Dominguez}
\begin{align}
S(x,x')&=\int^{T(b)}_{0}\!d\xi\ \frac{x\cdot x'}{4T(b)}Q_{s}^{2}\exp\bigg[-\frac{(x-x')^{2}Q_{s}^{2}}{16}\frac{\xi}{T(b)}-\frac{(x^{2}+x'^{2})Q_{s}^{2}}{8}\bigg(1-\frac{\xi}{T(b)}\bigg)\bigg]\nonumber\\
&=\frac{4x\cdot x'}{(x+x')^{2}}\big[e^{-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{16}(x-x')^{2}}-e^{-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}(x^{2}+x'^{2})}\big].
\label{eq:sno}
\end{align}
When we add one additional gluon to the above process, the calculation can become quite complicated, because the gluon radiation can also become another way of implementing the color transition. Furthermore in the color singlet model we have to distinguish two different kinematic regions depending on the value of the saturation momentum: $Q_{s}^{2}x_{\perp}^{2}\ll 1$ and $Q_{s}^{2}x_{\perp}^{2}\sim 1$ with $x_{\perp}^{2}$ always the size of $1/M^{2}$. Thus we analyze these two different cases separately in the following.
\subsection{Energy loss in region $Q_{s}^{2}x_{\perp}^{2}\ll 1$}
In this region $Q_{s}^{2}\ll M^{2}$, terms that are linear in $Q_{s}^{2}$, i.e. $Q_{s}^{2}(x\cdot x')^{2}dz^{2}/z^{4}$ terms, vanish. We shall look for logarithmic terms like $Q_{s}^{4}(x\cdot x')^{2}dz^{2}/z^{2}$, which are roughly the size of $(Q_{s}/M)^{4}$.
\subsubsection{Purely final state radiation\label{sec:singletf}}
With the restrictions that the quark-antiquark pair must be a color singlet and has even parity in the final state one can immediately see that the graphs in classes $A$ and $B$, illustrated in \cref{fig:twojets}, give no contribution. The only final state emission contribution comes from
\begin{equation}
C^{(s)}_{33}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\bigg[\frac{z-x/2}{(z-x/2)^{2}}-\frac{z+x/2}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\bigg]\cdot \bigg[\frac{z-x'/2}{(z-x'/2)^{2}}-\frac{z+x'/2}{(z+x'/2)^{2}}\bigg]S^{2}\big((x'-x)/2\big).
\label{eq:scthreet}
\end{equation}
The $d^{2}z$ integration in \cref{eq:scthreet} is not logarithmic so that there is no logarithmic contribution from the purely final state radiation.
\subsubsection{Purely initial state radiation\label{sec:singleti}}
Again, graphs in classes $A$ and $B$ give no contribution. The nonzero contributions come from $C^{(s)}_{11}$ and $C^{(s)}_{22}$. For $C^{(s)}_{11}$ the color conversion can happen via an inelastic scattering in the nucleus. We have, for the $C_{11}^{(s)}$ contribution to $\mathcal{S}(x_{\perp},x'_{\perp};\omega)$ in \cref{eq:cocs},
\begin{equation}
C^{(s)}_{11}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi^{2}}\int \frac{d^{2}z}{z^{2}}S(x,x')
\label{eq:scoo}
\end{equation}
where $S(x,x')$ is given by \cref{eq:sno}. Since we are in the region where $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}\ll 1$ we can simply expand the exponents in $S(x,x')$ and only keep the leading term that is even in $x_{\perp}$ and $x'_{\perp}$ due to the parity of the $J/\psi$ wave function. That is
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:snoexpand}
S(x,x')\simeq \frac{Q_{s}^{4}}{64}(x\cdot x')^{2}.
\end{equation}
\Cref{eq:scoo} becomes
\begin{equation}
C^{(s)}_{11}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{Q_{s}^{4}}{64}(x\cdot x')^{2}\int^{1/\mu^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}} \frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}.
\label{eq:sscoo}
\end{equation}
For $C^{(s)}_{22}$ the quark-antiquark pair remains in a color octet state after the gluon radiation and it is again the nucleus that converts the pair to a color singlet. Otherwise if the gluon radiation converts the quark-antiquark pair to a singlet and then the pair scatters purely elastically off the nucleus, one can easily see that the quark-antiquark pair has odd parity in $x_{\perp}$ and $x'_{\perp}$. Thus we arrive at
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:sctt}
C^{(s)}_{22}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\bigg[\frac{(z-x/2)\cdot (z-x'/2)}{(z-x/2)^{2}(z-x'/2)^{2}}+\frac{(z+x/2)\cdot (z+x'/2)}{(z+x/2)^{2}(z+x'/2)^{2}}\bigg]S(x,x').
\end{equation}
The terms in the brackets can be expanded as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:expandpart}
\bigg[\frac{(z-x/2)\cdot (z-x'/2)}{(z-x/2)^{2}(z-x'/2)^{2}}+\frac{(z+x/2)\cdot (z+x'/2)}{(z+x/2)^{2}(z+x'/2)^{2}}\bigg]\simeq \frac{1}{z^{2}}\bigg(1+\frac{1}{4}\frac{x\cdot x'}{z^{2}}\bigg).
\end{equation}
Using \cref{eq:snoexpand,eq:expandpart} and keeping the leading logarithmic term, we write \cref{eq:sctt} as
\begin{equation}
C^{(s)}_{22}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{Q_{s}^{4}}{64}(x\cdot x')^{2}\int^{E/\omega M^{2}}_{1/M^{2}}\frac{d z^{2}}{z^{2}}.
\label{eq:onessctt}
\end{equation}
\subsubsection{Initial-state-final-state interference terms}
Here the nonzero contributions come from $C^{(s)}_{13}=C_{31}^{(s)}$ and $C^{(s)}_{23}=C^{(s)}_{32}$. As we will see later the $S$ matrices describing the scattering for $C^{(s)}_{13}$ and $C^{(s)}_{23}$ are the same with the only difference between them being the gluon emission amplitude. Now the evaluation of the $S$ matrix is slightly more complicated than what we have done in \cref{sec:singletf,sec:singleti}, because in the previous calculation the way that the color transition happens is the same in both the amplitude and the complex conjugate amplitude, either via a gluon radiation or the last inelastic scattering from the nucleus. However, here we have a mixture of the two ways of making the color conversion, i.e. if the quark-antiquark pair is converted to a color singlet via the last inelastic scattering in the nucleus in the amplitude (complex conjugate amplitude) then the gluon radiation must convert the octet state to a singlet state in the complex conjugate amplitude (amplitude). In order to have a clear understanding of the calculation let us take one typical diagram from $C^{(s)}_{23}$ and study it in detail. Furthermore, as we have mentioned before the only difference between $C_{13}^{(s)}$ and $C_{23}^{(s)}$ is the gluon emission part with the $S$ matrix being the same for all of them. Thus let us focus on \cref{fig:singletrad} and evaluate its $S$ matrix part first.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{./singletrad.eps}
\caption{One typical diagram coming from $C^{(s)}_{23}$ in the color singlet model.}
\label{fig:singletrad}
\end{figure}
Again, in \cref{fig:singletrad}, the gluons from the circles, which now represent the nucleons, denote the longitudinal places, $\xi$, where the last inelastic scatterings happen. The gluon line attached to the center of the quark-antiquark pair in the amplitude indicates that the gluon can be connected to either the quark or antiquark, while in the complex conjugate amplitude the gluon can only have one possible connection, as indicated in \cref{fig:singletrad}. The other connection of the gluon line is suppressed in large $N_{c}$. The scattering factor that the last inelastic scattering introduces then becomes
\begin{equation}
\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{4T(b)}x\cdot (x'/2-z)
\end{equation}
which is different from \cref{eq:sfactor}. Note that now in the amplitude the color transition is made by the last inelastic scattering in the nucleus while in the complex conjugate amplitude the transition to a color singlet state is made by the gluon radiation. Thus the inelastic scattering shown in the complex conjugate amplitude in \cref{fig:singletrad} is not necessary for the process to occur and that interaction could be moved to the amplitude with the scattering occurring off the radiated gluon, which is not shown in \cref{fig:singletrad}. This way of counting the ``inelastic scattering'' factor eventually gives $x\cdot(x'/2-z)$ instead of $x\cdot x'/2$ in \cref{eq:sfactor}. Then we can write down the $S$ matrix
\begin{align}
S^{(s)}(x,x',z)&=\int^{T(b)}_{0}d\xi\, \exp\bigg[-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}(z+x/2)^{2}\frac{\xi}{T(b)}-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{32}(x-x')^{2}\frac{\xi}{T(b)}-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}(z+x'/2)^{2}\frac{\xi}{T(b)}\bigg]\nonumber\\
&\phantom{=}\times \exp\bigg[-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}x^{2}\frac{T(b)-\xi}{T(b)}-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}(z+x'/2)^{2}\frac{T(b)-\xi}{T(b)}-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}(z-x'/2)^{2}\frac{T(b)-\xi}{T(b)}\bigg]\nonumber\\
&\phantom{=}\times\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{4T(b)}x\cdot (x'/2-z).
\label{eq:singletsmatrix}
\end{align}
The first exponential in \cref{eq:singletsmatrix} comes from the interactions before the last inelastic scattering. The quark-antiquark pair is in the color octet state and interactions can happen elastically and inelastically. The second exponential comes from the interactions after the last inelastic scattering. In the amplitude the quark-antiquark pair is already converted to a color singlet via the last inelastic scattering so further interactions on the quark-antiquark pair should be purely elastic, so only an $x^{2}$ term appears and no $(z-x/2)^{2}$ and $(z+x/2)^{2}$ terms. While, on the contrary, in the complex conjugate amplitude, the quark-antiquark is still in the color octet state and color conversion happens via the later gluon radiation. Thus in the complex conjugate amplitude inelastic scatterings are still allowed after the inelastic scattering at $\xi$, which leads to the $(z+x'/2)^{2}$ and $(z-x'/2)^{2}$ terms in the second exponential while no $x'^{2}$ term appears. Finishing the $\xi$ integration in \cref{eq:singletsmatrix} we find
\begin{equation}
S^{(s)}(x,x',z)=\frac{1}{b-a}\big(e^{-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}a}-e^{-\frac{Q_{s}^{2}}{8}b}\big)
\label{eq:fullsinglets}
\end{equation}
where $a=2z^{2}+\frac{1}{2}x'^{2}+x^{2}$ and $b-a=(z-\frac{1}{2}x)\cdot (x+x')$. The gluon emitted from the $(-x'_{\perp}/2)$ line in the complex conjugate amplitude can be moved to the $(x'_{\perp}/2)$ line without introducing any additional factor of $N_{c}$ because the quark-antiquark is in a color singlet state after the gluon emission. Including this additional graph we finally have
\begin{equation}
2C^{(s)}_{23}=-2\cdot \frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\frac{z+x/2}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z+x'/2}{(z+x'/2)^{2}}-\frac{z-x'/2}{(z-x'/2)^{2}}\bigg]S^{(s)}(x,x',z)+
\begin{pmatrix}
x\rightarrow -x\\
x'\rightarrow -x'
\end{pmatrix}
\label{eq:scts}
\end{equation}
where the second term, i.e. $(x\rightarrow -x,\, x'\rightarrow -x')$, takes into account the graphs that the gluon is emitted from the $(x_{\perp}/2)$ line in the amplitude. Using
\begin{equation}
\frac{z+x/2}{(z+x/2)^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z+x'/2}{(z+x'/2)^{2}}-\frac{z-x'/2}{(z-x'/2)^{2}}\bigg]\simeq \frac{x\cdot x'}{(z^{2})^{2}}\bigg[z^{2}+\frac{1}{2}x\cdot x'-z\cdot (x+x')\bigg]
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
S^{(s)}(x,x',z)=-\frac{Q_{s}^{4}}{128}x\cdot (x'-2z)\bigg[4z^{2}+z\cdot (x+x')-\frac{1}{2}x\cdot x'\bigg],
\label{eq:expandsinglets}
\end{equation}
\cref{eq:scts} can be simplified to
\begin{equation}
2C^{(s)}_{23}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{Q_{s}^{4}}{128}(x\cdot x')^{2}\int_{1/M^{2}}^{E/\omega M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}.
\label{eq:tsctt}
\end{equation}
The nucleus, in the amplitude in \cref{fig:singletrad}, cannot distinguish whether the gluon radiation is from the initial gluon or the quark-antiquark pair, so the $S$ matrix for $C^{(s)}_{13}$ is still given by \cref{eq:fullsinglets}. Thus we have
\begin{equation}
2C^{(s)}_{13}=-2\cdot \frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi^{2}}\int d^{2}z\frac{2z}{z^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z-x'/2}{(z-x'/2)^{2}}-\frac{z+x'/2}{(z+x'/2)^{2}}\bigg]S^{(s)}(x,x',z)+
\begin{pmatrix}
x\rightarrow -x\\
x'\rightarrow -x'
\end{pmatrix}.
\label{eq:scot}
\end{equation}
Using
\begin{equation}
\frac{z}{z^{2}}\cdot \bigg[\frac{z-x'/2}{(z-x'/2)^{2}}-\frac{z+x'/2}{(z+x'/2)^{2}}\bigg]\simeq \frac{z\cdot x'}{(z^{2})^{2}}
\end{equation}
and \cref{eq:expandsinglets}, we arrive at
\begin{equation}
2C^{(s)}_{13}=-\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{Q_{s}^{4}}{64}(x\cdot x')^{2}\int^{(E/\omega M)^{2}}_{E/\omega M^{2}} \frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}.
\label{eq:tscot}
\end{equation}
\Cref{eq:tsctt,eq:tscot} have been written assuming $(E/\omega M)^{2}<1/Q_{s}^{2}$. If this is not the case the limits in \cref{eq:tsctt,eq:tscot} should be changed to ensure $z_{\perp}^{2}<1/Q_{s}^{2}$. For the moment let us suppose that $(E/\omega M)^{2}<1/Q_{s}^{2}$ then adding \cref{eq:onessctt,eq:tsctt,eq:tscot} gives
\begin{equation}
C^{(s)}_{22}+2C^{(s)}_{23}+2C^{(s)}_{13}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{Q_{s}^{4}}{128}(x\cdot x')^{2}\ln\frac{E}{\omega}
\label{eq:sqqctotal}
\end{equation}
while if $E/\omega M^{2}<1/Q_{s}^{2}<(E/\omega M)^{2}$ one has
\begin{equation}
C_{22}^{(s)}+2C_{23}^{(s)}+2C_{13}^{(s)}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{Q_{s}^{4}}{128}(x\cdot x')^{2}\bigg[3\ln \frac{E}{\omega}-2\ln\frac{M^{2}\omega}{E Q_{s}^{2}}\bigg].
\label{eq:sqqctotaltwo}
\end{equation}
We recall that the initial state radiation given in \cref{eq:sscoo} is already included in the parton distribution for the gluon initiating process.
Let us estimate energy loss using \cref{eq:sqqctotal,eq:sqqctotaltwo}. Dividing these equations by \cref{eq:snoexpand} gives the energy spectrum. We use the criterion \cref{eq:avg} to determine $\bar{\omega}$. Assuming $E/\bar{\omega}M^{2}<1/Q_{s}^{2}$, but $(E/\bar{\omega}M)^{2}>1/Q_{s}^{2}$ we get
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:radspeccolorsingletone}
\frac{1}{2}=\int^{E}_{\bar{\omega}}\frac{dI}{d\omega}d\omega=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi}\int^{E}_{EQ_{s}/M}\frac{d\omega}{\omega}\ln\frac{E}{\omega}+\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{2\pi}\int^{EQ/M}_{\bar{\omega}}\frac{d\omega}{\omega}\bigg[3\ln\frac{E}{\omega}-2\ln\frac{M^{2}\omega}{EQ_{s}^{2}}\bigg].
\end{equation}
This leads to
\begin{equation}
\frac{5}{2}\ln^{2}\frac{E}{\bar{\omega}}-4\ln\frac{M}{Q_{s}}\ln\frac{E}{\bar{\omega}}=\frac{\pi}{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}-2\ln^{2}\frac{M}{Q_{s}}.
\label{eq:radspecsingletest}
\end{equation}
For example, for $\ln(M/Q_{s})=1$ and $\alpha_{s}=\frac{1}{3}$, \cref{eq:radspecsingletest} gives $E/\bar{\omega}\simeq 6$.
\subsection{Energy loss in region $Q_{s}^{2}x_{\perp}^{2}\simeq Q_{s}^{2}/M^{2}\sim 1$}
In this region we shall also look for a logarithmic contribution in $d^{2}z_{\perp}/z_{\perp}^{2}$. In this region the calculation is rather simple and we can directly use the results we have obtained in the previous section. Note that now the transverse coordinate of the radiated gluon satisfies $z_{\perp}^{2}>1/M^{2}\sim x_{\perp}^{2}\sim 1/Q_{s}^{2}$, which makes the $S$ matrix containing the factor $e^{-Q_{s}^{2}z^{2}}$ small. We see that only the initial-state-final-state interference terms have $z_{\perp}$ dependence in the $S$ matrices [see \cref{eq:scts,eq:scot}], so they are suppressed in this region. The only nonzero contributions come from the initial and final state gluon radiation. However, from \cref{eq:scthreet} we can see that $C^{(s)}_{33}$, the only term allowed by the parity of the $J/\psi$ wave function in the final state radiation, is not logarithmic in $z_{\perp}$. While for the purely initial state radiation $C^{(s)}_{11}$ should be considered as part of the gluon wave function of the proton instead of the energy loss, so we are left only with $C^{(s)}_{22}$. Since $Q_{s}^{2}x^{2}_{\perp}\sim 1$ in this region we can no longer expand the exponents in the $S$ matrix, but we can still expand the gluon emission wave function. Using \cref{eq:sno,eq:sctt,eq:expandpart} we find
\begin{equation}
C_{22}^{(s)}=\frac{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}{\pi}\frac{4x\cdot x'}{(x+x')^{2}}\big[e^{-Q_{s}^{2}(x-x')^{2}/16}-e^{-Q_{s}^{2}(x^{2}+x'^{2})/8}\big]\int^{E/\omega M^{2}}_{1/M^{2}}\frac{dz^{2}}{z^{2}}
\label{eq:ssctt}
\end{equation}
with $Q_{s}^{2}x_{\perp}^{2}\sim 1$. Dividing \cref{eq:ssctt} by \cref{eq:sno} gives
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:radspeccolorsinglettwo}
\omega\frac{dI}{d\omega}=\frac{\alpha N_{c}}{\pi}\ln\frac{E}{\omega}.
\end{equation}
Now we get
\begin{equation}
\frac{E}{\bar{\omega}}=\exp\bigg(\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{\alpha_{s}N_{c}}}\bigg)
\end{equation}
giving $E/\bar{\omega}\simeq 6$ for $\alpha_{s}=\frac{1}{3}$.
\begin{acknowledgments}
One of the authors, A.~M., wishes to thank Fran\c{c}ois Arleo and St\'ephane Peign\'e for a very useful discussion at the \'Ecole Polytechnique where they explained the work in Refs.~\cite{Peigne,Arleo}. The authors also wish to thank Jianwei Qiu for some helpful discussions. This work is supported, in part, by the US Department of Energy. As we were completing this work we found out that a similar study by S.~Peign\'e \textit{et al.} \cite{Kolevatov} was also in the final stages of completion. We have had a stimulating and very useful correspondence with F.~ Arleo and S.~ Peign\'e on the subjects covered in our works. Although the technical details are different in our approaches there is much overlap and there is agreement on major issues.
\end{acknowledgments}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaArXiv'} | 9,893 |
You are here: Home / Explore history / Fight for rights / Workers' rights / Fight for retail hours
In the 1850s, retail workers wanted to limit their working hours, just as the stonemasons had done. To do this, they formed the Early Closing Association.
Instead of petitioning the government, going on strike or protesting in the street, members of the Early Closing Association tried to persuade the public and shop owners that shorter hours would be best for everyone. Their success relied on people supporting shorter shopping hours.
The association began by targeting trade workers – who had already won the 8-hour day – through newspaper articles and letters that posed the question: didn't the 'twelve-hour men' working in shops deserve the same rights as tradesmen?
...to those artisans who enjoy the benefits of the 8 hours movement, and who are in the habit of making their purchases after dark, I would appeal to them and their wives to make their purchases also before six o'clock.
– Rev. J. Dare, 1867
State Library of Victoria, Naked Democracy Exhibition, Keith Murdoch Gallery, 2 June–1 October 2006.
Once men started finishing work earlier, their wives had time to go shopping in the evenings. Women delighted in this rare social event, and would spend hours talking to each other in stores, which had to stay open until they left.
But the masons and their fellow trade workers were unmoved. As a magazine of the time, Table Talk, 8 April 1886, says, the trade workers viewed men who worked in shops as, 'smooth faced, snub nosed rogues [...] who earn their living by selling ladies' ribbons and laces over their masters' counters...
Tradesmen argued that because shop assistants didn't have to do a tradesman's hard physical labour, they didn't need shorter hours. And on a personal level, tradesmen and their families wanted the shops to stay open as long as possible so they could shop at their convenience.
Consequently, the '8-hour men' weren't very supportive of the Early Closing Association:
...it would be an easier task to catch a wild elephant in a spider's web than it would be to accomplish a work of reform among trading classes here by means of 'gentle persuasion'.
– Donald McDonald, July 1870
This quote uses an analogy to communicate the difficulties involved in trying to persaude people to shop less so that retail workers could work shorter hours.
The Early Closing Association was a step towards fair conditions for retail workers, but it would be decades before the real results of their efforts would be seen.
Early-closing association, The Argus
newspaper rights business industrial relations working hours protest
Once a makeshift meeting place for unions, Trades Hall has become a Melbourne icon.
With the 2006 industrial relations reforms, Australians once again spoke up for workers rights.
A world first and the beginning of Australia's reputation as a 'worker's paradise'. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,894 |
Welcome to the fundraising page for Alto das Fadas - a newly acquired faerie space and potential sanctuary in the mountains of Portugal.
These are exciting times - at the end of January we collect the keys to the property and a group of faerie pioneers are now busy readying themselves to set out to kick start community life and begin the co-creation of our home on the land.
We have already raised a small amount of money from within the Alto das Fadas Steward's Circle to underwrite the tenancy and to open up the new space in the short term. This campaign is to help raise further funds to help make the project sustainable and to secure the lease for a period of two years - after which time, as a collective, we can decide whether Alto das Fadas is suitable for a permanent radical faerie sanctuary in Portugal.
We need your help to raise 20,000 euro to help with monthly rent, administrative and legal fees, amenities and other costs associated with making the property comfortable and habitable for the community.
For more information, you can read about the land and the development of the project [here].
but all information you supply will not be used for any other purpose and will be kept confidential. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,895 |
Yeraldin Margot Payano, age 15, passed away Monday, Oct. 9, 2017 in Billings, Mont.
Yeraldin was born May 14, 2002 in Cerro de Pasco, Peru, to Cesar Jesus Payano and Magaly Margot Tovar-Paredes. Yeraldin moved to Greybull, Wyo., in 2014. Yeraldin received her schooling in Peru and in Greybull and began her sophomore year at Greybull High School in August 2017.
Yeraldin enjoyed playing volleyball and spending time with her family and her friends. She enjoyed eating hot Cheetos, whipped cream with M&M's, pizza, and posole.
Yeraldin is survived by her father, Cesar Payano of Greybull, Wyo.; her mother, Magaly Tovar-Paredes of Peru; her infant step-sister of Peru; her grandmother, Demetria Izaguirre of Peru; her grandparents, Chancey and Lenora Yenny of Basin, Wyo.; and her step-sister and husband, Christa Genger (Jans Buchacher) of Bozeman, Mont.
Yeraldin is preceded in death by her stepmother, Rachel Yenny.
A viewing will be held on Thursday, Oct. 12, 2017, from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. at the Greybull High School auditorium in Greybull followed by the Rosary at 7 p.m. at the auditorium.
The Funeral Mass will be held at 10 a.m. on Friday, Oct. 13, 2017, at the Greybull High School auditorium in Greybull with Father Louis Shea as celebrant. Burial will follow at the Mount View Cemetery at Basin, Wyo. A luncheon for family and friends will follow the interment at noon at the Elks Lodge in Greybull.
In lieu of flowers, memorials in Yeraldin's name can be made at the Big Horn Federal Savings Bank, P.O. Box 471, Greybull, WY 82426 with proceeds to go to the Greybull High School volleyball team. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,896 |
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Seven nations vying for five UN Security Council seats
The UN Security Council room seen in 2017 (AFP Photo/Stephane LEMOUTON)
United Nations (United States) (AFP) - The UN General Assembly on Wednesday will elect five new members of the Security Council for 2021 and 2022, with battles underway for the Western and African seats.
Kenya and Djibouti are facing off for one seat, while in the Western bloc, three nations -- Canada, Ireland and Norway -- are vying for two seats among them.
In the Asia-Pacific, India -- which has been trying unsuccessfully to win a permanent seat in an expanded Security Council -- is assured of a seat as it is running unopposed, as is Mexico in the Latin America and Caribbean region.
But Africa failed to continue its tradition of deciding candidates among themselves, setting the stage for a showdown on Wednesday.
Kenya boasts of enjoying the support of the African Union, but Djibouti says it should have the seat due to Nairobi's past participation on the Security Council and the principle of rotation.
French-speaking Djibouti and English-speaking Kenya are both highlighting their roles in seeking peace on the Horn of Africa, as well as their contributions to UN peacekeeping options.
Kenya has pointed to its welcome to refugees from Somalia and South Sudan, as well as to its support to the two countries' fragile governments.
Djibouti, in turn, notes its strategic location and unusual role as a defense base for diverse countries -- France, the United States, China and Japan -- as well as its contributions in Somalia.
For Europe, the competition is more customary.
Canada is still stung by a defeat in 2010 during its last bid for the Security Council, when the General Assembly chose Portugal instead.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has invested heavily in the latest Security Council effort, with a defeat potentially causing him political embarrassment at home.
- Celine Dion vs Bono -
Hoping to woo delegates, both Canada and Ireland have brought out superstar power. Celine Dion sang in New York City to promote Canada at the United Nations, while U2 also performed a concert in the Big Apple for Ireland.
"Campaigning for a UNSC seat involves endless lobbying, entertaining and worrying that the ambassador who just promised you a vote is a liar," tweeted Richard Gowan, an expert on the world body at the International Crisis Group.
Fearing fraud or manipulation, the General Assembly will not vote electronically, even though the United Nations is mostly operating virtually until the end of July due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Instead, each of the 193 delegations will have a chance to cast a secret ballot at a designated time scattered throughout the day in the famous Assembly Hall.
Each new Security Council member needs to win two-thirds of the votes cast -- meaning 128 votes if all 193 nations vote. Delegates could have to vote multiple times to certify a winner.
The Security Council has 10 non-permanent members in addition to the veto-wielding Big Five -- Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States.
The General Assembly will also elect Wednesday its president for the 2020-21 session.
Only one candidate is running, Turkish diplomat Volkan Boz kir. But Armenia, Cyprus and Greece -- all of which have historically tense relations with Turkey -- have opposed him, meaning he cannot be elected by consensus and nations will have to cast votes.
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BPPV is a mechanical problem in the inner ear. It occurs when some of the calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) that are normally embedded in gel in the utricle, become dislodged and migrate into one or more of the 3 fluid filled semicircular canals. When enough of these particles accumulate in one of the canals, they interfere with the normal fluid movement that these canals use to sense head motion, causing the ear to send false signals to the brain.
Benign – not life threatening.
Paroxysmal – it comes in sudden, brief spells.
Positional – It is triggered with certain positions and movements of the head.
Vertigo – Results in a false sense of rotatory movement.
Fluid in the semi-circular canals does not normally react to gravity. However, the crystals will move with gravity, thereby moving the fluid in the canal, when it would normally stay still. When the fluid moves, nerve endings in the canal are excited, resulting in a message to the brain that the head is moving in a particular direction, even though it isn't. When the information being sent to the brain from the inner ear does not match with the information being received from the eyes or with what the muscles and joints are doing, this mismatched information is perceived by the brain as spinning, or vertigo. These spells are generally fairly short lived, between spells some people are symptom free, while others may feel a mild sense of imbalance resulting in nausea.
BPPV is fairly common, effecting about 1 in 1000 people per year, with a lifetime prevalence of about 2.5%. The vast majority of cases occur for no apparent reason, with many people reporting onset of symptoms after getting out of bed and feeling the room begin to spin. There have been associations made between BPPV and trauma, migraine, inner ear infection. There may also be correlation with the side people sleep on. These correlations are not well understood.
Diagnosis of BPPV is made by using the Dix-Hallpike or roll tests, moving a patient's head into provocative positions, to elicit movement of the dislodged crystal in the canal. The resultant error signals in the brain result in quite a distinct pattern of eye movement called nystagmus. The relationship between the eye muscles and the inner ear, allows the eye to stay focused while we are moving. As the dislodged crystals cause the brain to think that the head is moving, it causes the eyes to move, which makes it look as though the room is spinning.
Treatment of BPPV in the vast majority of cases involves using gravity to reposition the crystals in the correct position in the utricle via a series of simple but very specific, mechanical movements of the head and neck called canalith repositioning manoeuvres. In the case of cupulolitheasis, a rapid head movement in the plane of the affected canal is used to dislodge the crystals first. One of the most common techniques used is known as the Epley Manoeuvre, however this is not always successful, depending on the diagnosis of the particular canal involved.
Generally, treatment success with these mechanical procedures is quite good with upwards of 90% of clients resolving after 1-3 treatments. The rarer cupulolithiasis or stuck crystal can be more stubborn, as can BPPV that result from trauma and which may involve more than one canal. In these cases, the canals need to be corrected one at a time.
Unfortunately, BPPV is a condition which can re-occur periodically with long term re-occurrence rates as high as 50% within a 5 year period. It does appear to generally re-occur in the same canal and as such your therapist may be comfortable teaching you home exercises to attempt to self-correct. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,903 |
State of Virginia. Conservation and Development Commission.
State of Virginia. Conservation and Development Commission., Virginia Geological Survey, and Bevan, Arthur C., "Virginia: Blacksburg Quadrangle," Montgomery County Memory Online, accessed April 25, 2019, https://montgomerymuseum.omeka.net/items/show/51. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,904 |
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"On the Run" tour is being linked to the leaked video of the elevator fight between Solange and the Brooklyn-born mogul.
According to Forbes, the average number of "On the Run" tickets saw a 13.5 percent dip from $306.22 to $264.73 on the secondary market. The Carter's still remain in the top five among summer tours, however.
While one area of the tour is seeing a price drop, others are flourishing. The couple's show at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, Calif., boasts an average price of $518.38, which is more than 95 percent above the entire tour average. The most expensive date on the tour is the July 11 set at New Jersey's MetLife Stadium with an average price of $553.52, or 109 percent above the tour average.
Jay and Bey added more dates to "On the Run" not long after the aforementioned video footage was made public. Jay Z and Solange attempted to kill the controversy by releasing a joint statement where they both took responsibility for their role in the blow up.
With the drama seemingly behind them, the Carters were back in tour promotion mode this past weekend. On Sunday (May 18), they unveiled the Bonnie and Clyde-inspired movie trailer "Run," to stir up even more anticipation for their first official jaunt together. Fans responded by petitioning for Mr. and Mrs. Carter to make the fake flick into an actual film.
The "On the Run" tour kicks off June 25 in Miami.
Get ready for the BET Experience, featuring Mary J. Blige, Maxwell, Jill Scott, A$AP Rocky, Rick Ross and many more. Click here for more details and info on how to purchase tickets.
(Photo: Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)
Written by Latifah Muhammad
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namespace DDD.Light.Realtor.Domain.Model.Listing
{
// value object
public class Location
{
public string Street { get; private set; }
public string City { get; private set; }
public string State { get; private set; }
public string Zip { get; private set; }
public Location(string street, string city, string state, string zip)
{
Street = street;
City = city;
State = state;
Zip = zip;
}
}
} | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 9,907 |
Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR, sometimes called EPM referring to an ASTM standard) is a type of synthetic elastomer that is closely related to EPDM rubber. Since introduction in the 1960s, annual production has increased to 870,000 metric tons.
EPR is used in electrical cable insulation, and in many flexible rubber goods such as hoses or weatherstripping.
Properties
EPM is considered a valuable elastomer due to its useful chemical and physical properties; it is resistant to heat, oxidation, ozone and the weather (owing to its stable, saturated backbone) and it is also not susceptible to color loss. As a non-polar compound, EPM is an electrical resistor and it is insoluble in many polar solvents, both protic and aprotic. Amorphous forms of EPM are flexible at low temperatures (with glass transition points around -60 °C). Via selection of certain sulfur compounds EPM can remain heat resistant up to 130 °C and up to 160 °C with peroxide curing. These two tables contain some of the main properties of EPM.
Polymer properties
Uses
EPM has a large number of uses due to the many ways in which the polymer can be designed, for example; it is used in automotive weather-stripping and seals, self-amalgamating tape, glass run channels, radiators, garden and appliance hoses, tubing, belts, roofing membranes, expansion joints, rubber mechanical goods, plastic impact modification, thermoplastic vulcanisates and motor oil additive applications.
EPM is even more prevalent as an insulator for high-voltage cables (usually referred as HEPR - Hard grade Ethylene Propylene Rubber) since it has improved insulative characteristics over more traditional cables, such as cross-linked polyethylene, enabling a smaller cross sectional area for the same load carrying capacity. The cable is flexible and suited to applications where regular cable movement is required such as in the mining industry.
Producers
Major producers and suppliers of EPM include Crompton Corporation, Exxon-Mobil, Dupont, Herdillia, Kumho Polychem, LANXESS, Mitsui Chemicals, ENI Versalis and Sumitomo Chemical.
Manufacture
EPM manufacture uses the same monomers as polyethene and polypropene, the ethylene and propylene monomers are randomly combined to yield a rubbery, stable polymer. By varying the monomer ratios and method by which the monomers are combined different forms of EPM can be formed (with a wide range of Mooney viscosities); ranging from amorphous to semi-crystalline. A third, non-conjugated diene monomer can be terpolymerized in a controlled manner to maintain a saturated backbone ready for vulcanization or polymer modification.
See also
Francis P. Baldwin received the 1979 Charles Goodyear Medal for the many patents he held for these developments.
References
Rubber | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 9,908 |
Ampp3d
6 things the Mirror's new poll tells us about Ukip voters
A quarter of the electorate is considering voting for UKIP. We've tried to find out as much as we could about them
Federica Cocco
Farage addresses a crowd of Ukip supporters in Thanet
Sign up to FREE daily email alerts from Mirror - politics
Yesterday's Mirror/Survation poll shows the highest projected share of the vote yet for Ukip - a whopping 23%. If the results are reflected at the polls in May, UKIP could get at least 16 seats in Parliament.
Projected seats via May 2015, using Electoral Calculus' Strong Transition.
We have ventured to find out more about the people that are pushing Nigel Farage's party at the top of the polls.
1. They have grown impressively in the past month
2. They want to enter in a coalition with the Tories
3. They blame the Conservatives more than Labour for the NHS crisis
The overwhelming majority of UKIP supporters (92%) believe the NHS is facing a crisis - far more than Conservative (71%) and Labour voters (80%).
Among those who agree that there is a crisis in our health system, under a third (31%) of UKIP voters say the previous Labour Government is the number one cause behind it. 41% of say the current coalition is to blame. And yet they want to enter in a coalition with them. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
READ ABOUT OUR AFTERNOON ON THE UKIP BATTLEBUS IN ROCHESTER
4. They are focused on immigration - and not much else
5. They don't trust their party on the economy and other crucial issues
Only 38% of UKIP supporters trust UKIP on the economy. Even fewer trust them on the NHS (30.5%), Education (34%) and welfare (just 29%).
They do a bit better with crime - with 42.5% saying they trust the party.
But 90% trust the party wholeheartedly when it comes to immigration. Europe did not feature among the questions but we reckon they would've fared well.
6. Half of them don't think Nigel would make a good Prime Minister :(
Still, a good 54% would cheer. And if Nigel doesn't become PM they'll settle for Cameron.
[Sources: UK Polling report, Survation]
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RestaurantsRestaurant refuses to refund family £660 for table after dad suddenly diesMartin O'Grady, who lost his dad, had paid for a party of six to have a New Year's Eve dinner at The Fordwich Arms, a Michelin Star restaurant in Kent
Prince HarryPrince Harry says he had 'no other option but to step back' as he breaks silenceThe Duke of Sussex, Prince Harry, has opened up about his feelings towards the UK in a speech for his charity Sentebale in London the day after plans for his and Meghan Markle's exit from the royal family were made public
Small businessesTeen who launched eBay business from bedroom with £500 now boss of £1m companyA man who began an eBay business in his bedroom as a teenager has now grown the enterprise into a £1m turnover company
WeatherUK weather: 1,000-mile wide cold air plume to bring 10 days of fog and -7C freezePredicted freezing temperatures has sparked a public health warning with the elderly and those with heart and lung problems being advised to stay indoors and keep their heating on
Cervical cancerCervical cancer could be wiped out - saving hundreds of lives each yearDoctors believe vaccines and screening could see the disease completely disappear
Mental healthHeartbreaking number of Brits admit they're lonely all the timeMany said they didn't have enough time to socialist while others claimed that social media had taken over
Planning permissionBungalow owners ordered to tear down extension that was 5 inches too highHomeowners Mr and Mrs Hyam built a side extension to their house, only to be told by Warwick District Council that it was five inches too high - meaning they will have to start the project again
Knife crimeThree men knifed to death after triple stabbing in east LondonThe Metropolitan Police said that three men, believed to be aged in their 20s or 30s, were stabbed in Seven Kings, Ilford, on Sunday. The victims were pronounced dead at the scene
Screen Actors GuildSAG AWARDS: Jennifer Lopez and Reese Witherspoon lead red carpet glamour in sexy dressesThe glamorous actresses lead the star-studded arrivals at the 26th Annual Screen Actors Guild (SAG) Awards
Dyfed Powys PoliceBoy, 3, dies in caravan fire as brother, 4, fights for life in hospital
Dyfed-Powys Police in Wales are investigating a fatal caravan fire at Ffair Rhos in Ceredigion after being called to the blaze at 5.35am. A dad and one boy were able to escape the flames but his other son was found dead inside the caravan | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,909 |
Esber Yagmurdereli is a Turkish writer, lawyer, and human right activist. Esber is blind, and he has been in jail since June 1998, because he made a speech criticizing the Turkish Governments treatment of the Kurdish minority in the south-east provinces. Esber Yagmurdereli is the European Lawyers Union, Human Rights Laureate for the Year 2000, and was awarded the sixth Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize in March. The European Lawyers Union has called for the immediate release of Esber Yagmurdereli.
Born in 1945, Yagmurdereli went blind at the age of ten. He graduated from Ankara University in law and philosophy, and then qualified as a lawyer. During the 1970s, when he practised in Turkeys Black Sea region, he became prominent for his defence of many leading left-wing political figures and political prisoners. He simultaneously edited several magazines, including Yeni Eylem, a political journal founded in 1968, and he made a name for himself as a poet and short-story writer. One of his short stories won him a famous literary prize.
These activities were cut short, however, by his arrest in March 1978 when he was charged with - supporting illegal political movements - and also a confusing array of charges. He was variously accused of hiding stolen goods, leading an armed robbery, and membership of an illegal organisation. The insubstantial criminal evidence against him ended up in two allegations: first, that weapons had been found in the house of one of his clients, and second, that a search of one of his neighbours houses elicited some jewellery that the police said had been stolen. On 5 March 1978 - twenty-one years ago - the blind writer, lawyer and human rights activist Esber Yagmurdereli walked into prison for the first time, aged 33.
It took a court seven years to announce a verdict of guilty, in a trial that Amnesty International said fell far short of international standards. While he was serving his jail term, the military government in power, following the 1980 overthrow, decided, in 1982, to change his sentence and in March 1985, Esber Yagmurdereli was sentenced to death, for - trying to change the constitutional order by force - commutted to life on account of his blindness.
When the remainder of his term was suspended in 1991, under a general amnesty for political prisoners Esber Yagmurdereli was granted release on condition that he never be convicted again. However, no sooner was he free, than he gave a rousing speech at a meeting in Istanbul organised by the Turkish Human Rights Association, trouncing the authorities.He declared that the Kurdish were rejecting the oppression of thousands of years and the inhuman conditions in which they have been forced to live,and they fought to find freedom. His words were construed on the grounds of Article 8 of the Anti-Terrorist Law, as dissemination of - separatist propaganda- and after a protracted legal process, a ten-month sentence against him was confirmed.
Esber Yagmurdereli made several appeals during his ten-month jail term, all of which had been refused. Consequently, he was facing what was left of the sentence of life imprisonment handed down by the Military Court in 1982, as well as the ten months sentence pronounced by the Security Court under Article 8, of the Anti Terror Law. The court judgement stated that- part of the country was named as Kurdistan and the inhuman activities of the PKK were called the struggle of the Kurdish people for independence ... the Turkish Republic was slandered by praising these illegal activities. In August 1997, the Samsun Criminal Court ruled that Esber Yagmurdereli had broken the conditions of his release from his original life sentence, and ordered him to serve a further 17 years and 3 months in prison. On October 19th, 1997, Esber Yagmurdereli after having spent 14 years in prison on political charges, was taken into custody as he finished taping an interview at the studios of the KANAL D television station.
Esber Yagmurdereli was finally released on Monday, November 10th, 1997, after being pardoned by President Demirel, officially - on health reasons - but in truth on the eve of the European Unions Luxembourg summit, and against his will as well. Just in time for the government to convince the leaders at the Luxembourg Summit that Turkey was truly democratizing, but, seeing that his release had not served its purpose and managed to sway the European Unions decision, it relented of the former parole. Indeed, the decision that had been taken regarding his case only postponed, for one year, the two sentences pronounced against him.
His arrest was re-ordered in January 1998 and, despite international protests on his behalf, Esber Yagmurdereli was jailed on Monday, June 1st, 1998, in Ankara, while visiting his lawyer. This arrest results from his refusal to provide a medical certificate to support the presidential claim that he was pardoned because of his health problems.
Yagmurdereli is now in Cankiri Prison, about 130 kilometres from the Turkish capital of Ankara. It is believed that, taking into account Turkeys complicated laws regarding remission of sentences, he is due for release in about 2015. Yagmurdereli, meanwhile, seems resigned to the fact that for some time to come he is destined to stay in jail. As he once observed :- There is nothing further I can do. I am ready to go to jail and wait for a political decision, for political change, for constitutional change, that will allow me to be freed.
His son, Ugur, now just twenty-one, is his outspoken advocate. He recently staged a campaigning Bicycle Ride to draw attention to his fathers continuing imprisonment.
Esber Yagmurdereli imprisonment is in violation of his right to freedom of expression, as guaranteed by Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Turkey is a signatory to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In failing to guarantee Esber Yagmurdereli his fundamental right of freedom of expression Turkey is in breach of Article 10. The failure to guarantee a fair trial has contravened Article 6.
Amnesty International has adopted Esber Yagmurdereli as a Prisoner of Conscience and demanded that his sentence be quashed and all prisoners of concience in Turkey be released. He is an Honorary Member of the Canadian, Czech, San Miguel, Slovak and Swedish PEN (Writers in Prison) Centres . As a playwright, his play about censorship in Turkey is currently being performed in Istambul and Ankara theaters.
Being the most famous prisoner of conscience in Turkey, the release of Esber Yagmurdereli, as well as other prisoners of conscience, would symbolise the true willingness of Turkish authorities to move towards a greater democracy and the Europan Union.
The candidacy of Esber Yagmurdereli is presented by PEN International - Writers in prison.
You can write to Esber Yagmurdereli, sending congratulations for his election for the 6th Ludovic-Trarieux Human Rights Prize. Although Esber is blind, fellow inmates of his will be able to read him your messages of support. His address is: Cankiri Cezaevi, Cankiri, Turkey. Faxes can be sent through to the prison on +90 376 213 24 35.
19/1/2001 Esber Yagmurdereli has been released under an amnesty law passed by the Turkish Parliament that provides for the release of political prisoners. Esber had spent 16 years in prison. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,910 |
You are here: Home » Activities and Groups » PAC » News » Preserving, Protecting, Promoting: IFLA launches new guide to its Cultural Heritage work
From the Annual Conference
Preserving, Protecting, Promoting: IFLA launches new guide to its Cultural Heritage work
Deutsch | 简体中文 | Español | Русский | français | العربية
Libraries play a central role in recording and preserving the life of our communities. From conserving ancient manuscripts to web harvesting, they help guarantee that researchers and citizens tomorrow will be able to understand life today.
This mission is not easy. Effective preservation requires expertise, investment, and a commitment from public authorities. There are numerous risks and threats, from natural disasters to wars, and from physical degradation to technological change that can leave formats such as floppy disks unusable.
IFLA is committed to supporting its members do the best job possible, and in doing so, make a major contribution to safeguarding cultural heritage, a specific target set down established in the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
It works closely with UNESCO and partner organisations to make the case for effective preservation policies internationally for all forms of heritage. It manages the Risk Register, which holds information on unique library collections in order to help ensure their safety in times of disaster. And through dedicated committees and its network of Preservation and Conservation (PAC) centres, it builds contacts and skills around the world.
In order to highlight this work, both to members of the library community and beyond, IFLA has produced a new brochure. This highlights the key areas of IFLA's work, why it is involved, and explains how to find out more. We encourage you to read and share it!
Download the brochure:
PAC (Preservation and Conservation), IFLA WLIC 2017, Cultural heritage, Preservation
List all IFLA news
IFLA Preservation and Conservation Centres
Contact Tanja Clausen | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,911 |
Home Music Aretha Franklin Weaves Her Classic Vocals With The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra For...
Aretha Franklin Weaves Her Classic Vocals With The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra For "A Brand New Me" Album
In January 1967, a 24-year old Aretha Franklin signed to Atlantic Records and began one of the most legendary runs in music history, releasing five U.S. hit singles in that year alone. Rhino celebrates the 50th anniversary of Franklin's historic signing with an opportunity to hear her classic Atlantic masters like never before.
A BRAND NEW ME: ARETHA FRANKLIN WITH THE ROYAL PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA pairs classic vocals from some of the most iconic songs that the Queen of Soul recorded for Atlantic Records with new arrangements performed by The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. The album will be available from Rhino on November 10 on CD, LP, digital download, and streaming services.
A BRAND NEW ME features Franklin's instantly recognizable voice woven together with new orchestral arrangements. The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra recorded the music at Abbey Road Studios in London, with brand new backing vocals led by Grammy®-winning singer Patti Austin.
The result is another timeless record that retains the soul, groove, and gospel power of Franklin's revered talent. Among the standout tracks are newly re-imagined versions of classics like the Billboard #1 R&B hits "Respect," "Think," "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)," and "Angel."
The album was produced by Nick Patrick and Don Reedman, the masterminds behind the massive worldwide success of If I Can Dream: Elvis Presley With The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, which recently topped the charts in multiple countries and has sold more than 1.5 million copies.
Nick Patrick says: "There is a reason that Aretha Franklin is called the 'Queen of Soul.' There is nothing more exciting than that incredible voice taking you on an emotional roller coaster ride through her amazing repertoire of songs. To have the opportunity to work with that voice on this project has been the greatest honor and to hear a symphony orchestra wrapped around those performances is breathtaking."
Don Reedman says: "I was 15 years old when a song came on the radio called 'Rock A Bye Your Baby With A Dixie Melody.' It blew me away; the power, the soul. The feeling that went through me got me hooked on Aretha and I have been ever since. To be able to make this album and be able to select songs from hits like 'Respect' to 'Think' then blend them with classic songs like 'Let It Be' and 'Border Song' and create an album which is versatile and fresh is truly an honor."
James Williams, Managing Director of The Royal Philharmonic says: "The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra is thrilled to perform on this new recording, combining Aretha Franklin's iconic voice with lush new arrangements of her greatest hit songs for full orchestra, bringing a whole new generation to the music of this legendary performer."
A BRAND NEW ME: ARETHA FRANKLIN WITH THE ROYAL PHILHARMONIC
CD / Digital
1. "Think"
2. "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)"
3. "I Say A Little Prayer"
4. "Until You Come Back To Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)"
5. "A Brand New Me"
6. "A Natural Woman (You Make Me Feel Like)"
7. "Angel"
8. "Border Song (Holy Moses)"
10. "People Get Ready"
11. "Oh Me Oh My (I'm A Fool For You Baby)"
12. "You're All I Need To Get By"
13. "Son Of A Preacher Man"
14. "Respect"
3. "People Get Ready"
4. "You're All I Need To Get By"
5. "Son Of A Preacher Man"
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Our clubhouse includes state-of-the-art features to make your stay even more enjoyable!
The banquet hall and kitchen facility is perfect for groups of 5 or 50! It hosts a refrigerator, sink, dishwasher, microwave, icemaker and more.
For outdoor breaks and relaxing, it also features a screened porch with furniture.
NEW: Now featuring a pool table, exercise equipment and TV!
For groups who want to relax and talk, or are waiting for an activity or tour, our 'Rally Room' is the perfect place to gather indoors.
We know you can 'rough it', but for those who wish, the clubhouse has a complimentary laundry room to make your stay even more pleasant. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,913 |
Every business needs a CRM because every business is supported by its customers — and smart businesses are constantly looking for smart, efficient, and innovative ways to support their relationships with those customers.
You landed on this page because you know you need a CRM. You've probably even established your requirements and have a clear vision of how you want the CRM to work for you and your business. But which CRM? This is actually the topic of my upcoming webcast, which you can register for here: SugarCRM vs. Salesforce Head-to-Head.
There are hundreds to choose from, so let's talk about two of the most popular: SugarCRM and Salesforce. Then let's indulge ourselves by pitting them against each other in a side-by-side comparison!
Your dashboard will always be the first thing you see when you login, regardless of which CRM you use. Dashboards are groups of dashlets (charts, lists, and graphs) that allow you to monitor performance across your business including marketing analytics, sales trends, case reports, and customer profiles. Users can create real-time Reports and Dashboards on any metric and manage access, without having to rely on Administrators.
What information do I need to prioritize?
What modules do I access the most often?
What reporting data is most important to me and my role?
During our webinar, we'll cover the dashboard features of both systems, create a new dashboard, and show you how easy it is to edit them.
An account in CRM is simply a company with whom your organization has a relationship — an Account can be a customer, vendor, prospect, competitor, etc. The Accounts module is generally seen as the hub for managing your company's interactions with each company, while specific Account records will tell you everything about them, from purchase histories, open support cases, and contacts, to activity summaries and Google news reports.
Deployment Options: Sugar can be deployed in three ways, Salesforce in one. Does it matter? If so, to who? What are the advantages to both?
Support: Phone/email support and customer service portals are table stakes, so how do the support offerings differ? We'll discuss.
Customization: Sugar and Salesforce will knock your socks off out-of-the-box, but that doesn't mean every one of your needs are already met. Each system can be heavily customized, but in much different ways and at much different costs. We'll discuss briefly each company's approach to extending the functionality of your CRM.
Price: This is a big one, and when two systems are so similar in terms of functionality, it can often be a determining factor during the final stages of the evaluation and selection process. During our webinar, we'll show you a few cost-of-ownership examples to give you a good idea of what it will cost to operate your CRM (hint: the TCO of one is not like other).
I hope this has helped you in CRM evaluation process and look forward to seeing you on my upcoming webast. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,914 |
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Distinguished Alumnus/Alumna
The Distinguished Alumnus/Alumna Award honors an alumnus/alumna for leadership and service to St. Thomas, the community and in his or her field of endeavor. Since 1971, Alumni Relations has honored an individual each year for their extraordinary achievement.
Know someone deserving?
Nominations are accepted throughout the year.
2021 Award Recipient
Maj. Michelle Curran '09
In February 2019, Capt. Michelle Curran performed a flyover during the Super Bowl. It was her first time with the U.S. Air Force Air Demonstration Squadron, also known as the Thunderbirds. She was commissioned as a second lieutenant the same day she graduated from St. Thomas. Now Curran is only the fifth female pilot and only the second female solo pilot in the Thunderbirds' history. Her extraordinary achievement at a young age demonstrates leadership, service to country and supreme excellence in her field.
Newsroom article
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Cardinal Blase Cupich '71
Cupich is an American prelate of the Catholic Church, a cardinal who serves as the ninth archbishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago. He is also a member of the Roman Curia's Congregation for Bishops, which plays a role in advising on bishop appointments and episcopal matters.
Mary Brainerd '79 M.B.A.
For 15 years as president and CEO of HealthPartners, Brainerd led the largest consumer-governed, nonprofit health-care organization in the country. As a founder and former chair of the Itasca Project, she demonstrates her ability to guide others in seeking to advance the common good.
Andrew Cecere '82
Cecere was named president of U.S. Bancorp in 2016, chief executive officer in 2017 and chairman in 2018. Cecere has been with U.S. Bancorp since 1985 and has held other leadership roles within the organization, including chief financial officer, chief operating officer, president and vice chairman.
View full recipient list
View recipient videos (2009-present) | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,916 |
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Applications of functional surfactants
Yan Yeung Luk, Nicholas L. Abbott
Recent studies have reported the introduction of a range of new chemical and biochemical functionalities into the structures of amphiphilic molecules. Assemblies spontaneously formed by these amphiphilies are in many cases highly complex and possess properties not found in systems formed from amphiphiles with simpler structures. In particular, the incorporation of peptides and oligopeptides into the hydrophilic domains of amphiphiles has led to new classes of surfactants that self-assemble into structures that mimic a variety of the functions of natural materials (including organic scaffolds of bone; inhibitors of proteins involved in viral infection; chiral polymeric amphiphiles; materials that promote adhesion of cells to surfaces). Amphiphiles functionalized with a range of carbohydrates have also ben reported. These amphiphiles assemble into aggregate morphologies that depend strongly on the stereochemistry of the carbohydrate. These assemblies offer the basis of promising approaches for the design of polyvalent (potent) carbohydrate-based drugs. Finally, the introduction of redox-active and polymerizable functional groups into the structures of amphiphiles has provided the basis of a class of novel tunable solvents with potential applications in separations technologies as well as new materials that exhibit controlled release and catalytic properties.
Published - Nov 1 2002
Amphiphiles
Controlled release
Functional surfactants
P olyvalency
Polymerizable
Redox-active
Tunable solvents
Dive into the research topics of 'Applications of functional surfactants'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Amphiphiles Engineering & Materials Science 100%
carbohydrates Physics & Astronomy 73%
Surface active agents Engineering & Materials Science 57%
Amphophile Chemical Compounds 55%
surfactants Physics & Astronomy 50%
Carbohydrates Engineering & Materials Science 36%
assemblies Physics & Astronomy 36%
Surfactant Chemical Compounds 35%
Luk, Y. Y., & Abbott, N. L. (2002). Applications of functional surfactants. Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, 7(5-6), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0294(02)00067-5
Applications of functional surfactants. / Luk, Yan Yeung; Abbott, Nicholas L.
In: Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 7, No. 5-6, 01.11.2002, p. 267-275.
Luk, YY & Abbott, NL 2002, 'Applications of functional surfactants', Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 7, no. 5-6, pp. 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0294(02)00067-5
Luk YY, Abbott NL. Applications of functional surfactants. Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. 2002 Nov 1;7(5-6):267-275. doi: 10.1016/S1359-0294(02)00067-5
Luk, Yan Yeung ; Abbott, Nicholas L. / Applications of functional surfactants. In: Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. 2002 ; Vol. 7, No. 5-6. pp. 267-275.
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AB - Recent studies have reported the introduction of a range of new chemical and biochemical functionalities into the structures of amphiphilic molecules. Assemblies spontaneously formed by these amphiphilies are in many cases highly complex and possess properties not found in systems formed from amphiphiles with simpler structures. In particular, the incorporation of peptides and oligopeptides into the hydrophilic domains of amphiphiles has led to new classes of surfactants that self-assemble into structures that mimic a variety of the functions of natural materials (including organic scaffolds of bone; inhibitors of proteins involved in viral infection; chiral polymeric amphiphiles; materials that promote adhesion of cells to surfaces). Amphiphiles functionalized with a range of carbohydrates have also ben reported. These amphiphiles assemble into aggregate morphologies that depend strongly on the stereochemistry of the carbohydrate. These assemblies offer the basis of promising approaches for the design of polyvalent (potent) carbohydrate-based drugs. Finally, the introduction of redox-active and polymerizable functional groups into the structures of amphiphiles has provided the basis of a class of novel tunable solvents with potential applications in separations technologies as well as new materials that exhibit controlled release and catalytic properties.
KW - Amphiphiles
KW - Biomimetic
KW - Carbohydrates
KW - Catalysis
KW - Controlled release
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JF - Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,918 |
Florence, Mangkhut and Climate Change: Yes, No and Maybe
September 15, 2018 katiazev
The seas are angry this month.
While the remnants of Hurricane Florence soak the Carolinas and Typhoon Mangkhut pounds the Philippines, three more tropical cyclones are spinning in the Western Hemisphere, and one is petering out over Southeast Asia.
Experts say some of this extreme tropical weather is consistent with climate change. But some isn't. And some is unclear.
It's unusual to have so many storms happening at once. But not unheard of.
"While it is very busy, this has happened a number of times in the past," said meteorologist Joel Cline at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Mid-September is the peak of the Atlantic hurricane season. If there are going to be storms in both hemispheres, Cline said, now is the most likely time.
Russ Lewis covers his eyes from a gust of wind and a blast of sand as Hurricane Florence approaches Myrtle Beach, S.C., Sept. 14, 2018.
Stronger storms, and a grain of salt
Scientists are not necessarily expecting more hurricanes with climate change, however.
"A lot of studies actually (show) fewer storms overall," said NOAA climate scientist Tom Knutson.
"But one thing they also tend to simulate is slightly stronger storms" and a larger proportion of Category 4 or 5 hurricanes, Knutson said. Florence made landfall as a Category 1 storm but started the week as a Category 4.
Knutson and other experts caution that any conclusions linking climate and hurricanes need to be taken with a grain of salt.
"Our period of record is too short to be very confident in these sorts of things," said University of Miami atmospheric scientist Brian McNoldy.
While reliable temperature records go back more than a century in much of the world, comprehensive data on hurricanes only starts with satellites in the 1980s.
Submerged tombs are seen at a flooded village after heavy rainfall caused by tropical storm Son Tinh in Ninh Binh province, Vietnam, July 22, 2018.
Extreme rainfall
Scientists are fairly sure that climate change is making extreme rainfall more common. Global warming has raised ocean temperatures, leading to more water evaporating into the atmosphere, and warmer air holds more water.
Florence is expected to dump up to 101 centimeters (40 inches) of rain in some spots, leading to what the National Weather Service calls life-threatening flooding.
One group of researchers has estimated that half of the rain falling in the hurricane's wettest areas is because of human-caused climate change.
Knutson agrees in principle but can't vouch for the magnitude.
"We do not yet claim that we have detected this increase in hurricane rainfall rate," he said.
FILE – Homes are surrounded by water from the flooded Brazos River in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, in Freeport, Texas, Sept. 1, 2017.
He points to earlier studies that blamed climate change for 15 to 20 percent of the devastating rainfall Hurricane Harvey poured on Texas last year.
However, these studies looked at all kinds of rainfall, not just hurricanes, Knutson notes.
"We think that hurricanes are probably behaving like the other types of processes, but we have the best data for extreme precipitation in general," he explained.
The latest United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report has "medium confidence" in the link between climate change and rainfall extremes.
As Florence trudges across the Carolinas, one recent study suggests that hurricanes are moving slower, giving them more time to do their damage.
But that may be natural variation more than climate change.
"I think we're still early in the game on that one," Knutson said.
FILE – Women walk through a coastal ghost forest believed to be caused by sea level rise on Assateague Island in Virginia, Oct. 25, 2013.
Rising sea levels
The area where scientists are most confident is sea level rise. Climate change is responsible for three-quarters of the increase in ocean levels, according to the IPCC report.
"Once you have human-caused sea level rise, then all other things being equal, whatever storms you have will create that much higher storm surge," Knutson said.
That means more erosion and more damage farther on shore.
Whether this hurricane season as a whole will be one for the record books remains to be seen. While the seas are angry at the moment, that may soon change.
An El Niño warming pattern appears to be developing in the Pacific. That tends to squash hurricane activity in the Atlantic.
"It appears that perhaps next week will be much more quiet in both basins," said NOAA's Joel Cline. "So it does ebb and flow."
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13 Petals > New Testament Commentaries > Revelation > Revelation 12
As mentioned in the previous section, we will begin this section with verse 11:19. At this point, John's vision spans the course of time as well as the "worlds" of existence.
"But it must be emphasized that these two processes, the cosmic and the historical, are intrinsically two sides of the same dynamic coin, called "Divine revelation," which penetrates the upper and the lower realms, and no creature is able to exist outside of its perimeters."
'Ramban, Philosopher and Kabbalist', Chayim J. Henoch, Jason Aronson Inc, Jerusalem, 1998, p. 365.
"The Zohar describes the unfolding of the generations as a descent through the body of the Holy One, at the End of Days the process will reach his feet [Malkut] and the Messiah will arrive."
"Studies in the Zohar, Yehuda Liebes, SUNY Press, Albany, 1993, p. 164, citing Zohar II 9a-b, II 258a.
"The physical world is bound by time and place. These parameters do not exist in the spiritual realm and they, of course, do not bind Hashem, in the least. We can, to a certain degree, understand that Hashem is not bound by space since mankind, to a certain degree, has overcome the parameters of space. We live in a world of CNN's global village. We can, in real time, observe events that are occurring on the other side of the globe. As such, we can somewhat understand that Hashem is not bound by that parameter. Existing beyond time, on the other hand, being that we are totally bound by it, is most difficult to understand. We remember the past, surmise about the future and exist in the split-second known as the present. However, the true reality for those not bound by this parameter is that the past, present and future all exist simultaneously! Rav Dessler offers an illuminating understanding of this idea. He explains that it can be compared to a map of the world covered by a large paper with a small 'window' cut out. This window is only large enough to reveal one city of this world map. By moving the paper, the city that had been revealed becomes covered as the next city comes into view. The cities that were in view, the city that is in view and the cities that will come into view all exist simultaneously. They are only hidden from us. Time is the cloak that inexorably moves over the map of our lives, relegating the past to our memory while revealing the present and concealing the future. This time-cloak of concealment only obscures the physical realm. No such cloak exists in the spiritual domain."
Parsha-Insights – Pesach, 2001, Rabbi Yisroel Ciner, (Torah.org)
"We are accustomed to regarding time as a string of segments second follows second, hour follows hour, Monday follows Sunday. Special days–Shabbat, Rosh Hashanah, Passover–each have their place in the sequence of days and months portrayed by our calendar, preceded and followed by the "ordinary" days that separate them. This, however, is a most perfunctory perception of time, just as a description of the human body in purely physical terms–hair, skin, bone, blood, flesh, sinew and brain tissue classified solely by their spatial juxtaposition to each other–is a most superficial vision of man. Time is a complex organism whose various organs and faculties interact with each other, each fulfilling its individual function and imparting its effect upon the whole. G-d created the whole of time–every age, millennium, century, year and second of it–as a single, multifaceted body. It is only that we, finite and temporal creatures that we are, encounter its "limbs," "organs" and "cells" one at a time, regarding the past as passed because we have passed through it, and the future as yet to be because we have yet to experience it. Just as time, as a whole, consitutes a integral organism, so it is with the various time-bodies–the day, the week, the month, the year, etc.–designed by the Creator of time as distinct components of the universal time-body. Each of these has its own "head," a neurological center which generates, processes and controls the stimuli and experiences of its "body." So if we learn to be sensitive to the structure of time, we can transcend the "sequential" timeline of our lives. If, upon entering the "head" of a particular time-body, we imbue it with a certain quality and stimulate its potential in a certain way, we can profoundly affect the days and experiences of that entire time-body, whether they lie in our 'future' or our 'past'."
From www.jewishnewyear.com/holidays/tishrei/4763, The Neurology Of Time, Chabad-Lubavitch.
"The lowest level is the Torah's outer garments which are the stories of the Torah in their plain sense; their supernal source lies not in the sefirot but in the heavens and their hosts (the stars, spheres or angels). The stratum beneath the garments is the body, comprising of the mitsvot, which are called "gufei Torah," the "bodies of the Torah," their source is the Shekinah. Beneath the body is the "soul," which is the true essence of the Torah, and has its origin in Tiferet. The fourth stratum is the "soul of the soul" of the Torah, and it originates in Attika Kaddisha."
Studies in the Zohar, Yehuda Liebes, SUNY Press, Albany, 1993, p. 45.
11:19 And opened was the sanctuary of G-d in the heaven, and there was seen the ark of His covenant in His sanctuary, and there did come lightnings, and voices, and thunders, and an earthquake, and great hail.
The "sanctuary of G-d in heaven" is the heavenly Holy of Holies, which is associated with the world of Beriah. Critical to understanding this chapter is the idea that John's vision sees events both in the "Beriatic state" as well as how they play out in time in the lower worlds. In Beriah, 'that which is to come,' exists in a "formless" state which plays out in time in the lower worlds of Yetzirah and Asiyah.
Thus, in this chapter, we see a "repetition" of the story of a woman who gives birth and is protected by a dragon seeking to harm her and her offspring. The first account (verses 2 to 6) is viewed 'in the heavens' of Beriah and exists beyond the space and time dimensions of the lower realms (Yezirah, the world of 'form' and Asiyah, the world of 'action.') What John sees exists in that it is 'ordained' by G-d in Beriah. The second account (verses 13 to 17) takes place in the lower realms and within the course of (future) history.
"The source of the Cosmic purpose of Heaven lies in Azilut, the perfect image of the likeness of G-d. Beriah, emerging out of this perfection, fulfils the will of En Sof in creating an unfolding cosmic framework in which every creature has a specific reason for existing. Everything has its place, be it the vastness of celestial space or the most minute impulses and particles of terrestial energy and matter … Everything moreover has its particular time to be born and die. … All is ordained in Beriah. … However, none of this can take place without their being a change of form; and this cannot happen in Heaven (Beriah), because in the World of Creation only essences can exist Thus, in Beriah, although the destiny of each creature is predetermined, it cannot actually move through its stages, cannot grow and manifest the different states of its existence."
'A Kabbalistic Universe,' Z'ev ben Shimon Halevi, Samuel Weiser, Inc. York Beach Maine, 1977, p. 63.
12:1 And a great sign was seen in the heaven, a woman arrayed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars,
From 11:19 to 12:11, John is seeing events in their Beriatic essence. The role of Messiah is forecast — he will usher in salvation and rule the nations. Thus, he is seen as "… slain since the foundation of the world" (Revelation 13:8) and "existed" (along with several other things) before the creation of the physical world.
The Talmud offers the following on this subject:
"Seven things were created before the world was created, and these are they: The Torah, repentance, the Garden of Eden, Gehenna, the Throne of Glory, the Temple, and the name of the Messiah. The Torah, for it is written, The Lord made me [sc. the Torah] as the beginning of his way. Repentance, for it is written, Before the mountains were brought forth, and it is written, Thou turnest man to contrition, and sayest, Repent, ye children of men. The Garden of Eden, as it is written, And the Lord planted a garden in Eden from aforetime. The Gehenna, for it is written, For Tophet [i.e., Gehenna] is ordered of old. The Throne of Glory and the Temple, for it is written, Thou throne of glory, on high from the beginning, Thou place of our sanctuary. The name of the Messiah, as it is written, His [sc. the Messiah's] name shall endure for ever, and has exited before the sun!"
Talmud, Pesachim 54a
The vision John sees is comparable to that of Joseph's — with Joseph being the twelfth "star":
"And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brothers, and said, Behold, I have again dreamed a dream; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me. And he told it to his father, and to his brothers; and his father rebuked him, and said to him, What is this dream that you have dreamed? Shall I and your mother and your brothers indeed come to bow down ourselves to you to the earth?"
The "sign" in John's vision is seen in "heaven" corresponding to Beriah.
We are presented with:
the sun associated with Jacob
the moon associated with Rachel
the twelve stars associated with the 12 tribes
the "woman" as a representation of the Shekinah — which is both the presence of the Lord in the world (described in feminine terms in kabbalistic literature) as well as with the community of Israel. We will later see that there is a "heavenly" as well as "earthly" aspect to the Shekinah.
The following verse associates the Shekinah with the heavenly Holy of Holies (i.e., verse 11:19):
"My dove that art in the clefts of the rock, in the coverts of the steep place" (Song of Songs 2:14). "My dove" refers to the community of Israel; "the clefts of the rock" refers to Jerusalem, which is firm and eminent like a rock; "the coverts of the steep place" refer to the place which is called "holy of holies", the heart of the world. It is called "coverts," because there the Shekinah is concealed like a woman who converses only with her husband and never goes out."
Zohar, Bereshith 84b
The "New Testament" makes use of the term "Holy Spirit" which at that in Jewish history was another way of referring to the Shekinah:
The Shekinah ("Dwelling") is the personified Presence of G-d. In the Talmudic period, the Shekinah was identified with the "Holy Spirit." (Ruach ha Kodesh) … Both Hebrew terms are of the feminine gender. Still in Talmudic times, the Shekinah became identified with the "Community of Israel" (also a feminine term), and as such represented Israel in its relationship with G-d.
The Messiah Texts, Raphael Patai, 1979, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, pp. 181-182.
When Israel goes into exile (at the hand of the nations and their spiritual powers), the Shekinah goes with them and functions in a different (i.e., diminished) capacity.
The Zohar is filled with such references:
"Whilst they were walking, R. Jose said to R. Eleazar: 'It has been said that with Rachel's death the house was transferred to Her who required to be adorned with twelve tribes. Nevertheless, why should Rachel have died immediately after the birth of Benjamin?' R. Eleazar in reply said: 'It was in order that the Shekinah should be duly crowned and take her place in the house as "a joyful mother of children". With Benjamin, the Shekinah was equipped with the full twelve tribes, and with him the kingdom of heaven began to be made manifest on earth. Now the beginning of any manifestation is brought about with strain, and involves a doom of death before it can become established. Here, when the Shekinah was about to assume her rightful place and to take over the house, the doom fell upon Rachel. Similarly, when the kingdom was about to be made manifest on earth, it commenced with a judgement, and the kingdom was not established in its place until a doom had fallen upon Saul, in accordance with his deserts; and only then was it established. It is a general rule that beginnings are rough, whereas the subsequent course is smooth. Thus, on New Year's day (Rosh-hashana) the year opens with severity, as the whole world passes under judgement, each individual according to his deeds, but soon after comes relief and forgiveness and atonement. The reason is that the beginning is from the left side, and so it brings harsh judgements, until the right side is aroused and ease follows. In time to come G-d will first treat the idolatrous nations gently and indulgently, but afterwards with severity and stern judgement. So Scripture says: "The Lord will go forth as a mighty one, he will stir up jealousy as a warrior; he will cry, yea, he will shout aloud, he will prove himself mighty against his enemies" (Isaiah 42:13); which interpreted means that first He will manifest Himself as YHVH (the Lord), in His attribute of mercy, then as a mighty one, but not in His full might, then as a warrior, but not in His full war panoply, and finally, His whole might will become manifest against them in order to exterminate them, so that "he will cry, yea, he will shout aloud, he will prove himself mighty against his enemies." Again, it is written: "Then shall the Lord go forth, and fight against those nations, as when he fighteth in the day of battle" (Zechariah 14:3). Also: "Who is this that cometh from Edom with crimson garments from Bozrah? etc." (Isaiah 63:1).' AND IT CAME TO PASS, AS HER SOUL WAS IN DEPARTING FOR SHE DIED-THAT SHE CALLED HIS NAME BEN-ONI; BUT HIS FATHER CALLED HIM BENJAMIN. R. Judah discoursed on the verse: The Lord is good, a stronghold in the day of trouble; and he knoweth them that take refuge in him (Nahum 1:7). 'Happy', he said, 'is the man who finds his strength in the Holy One, blessed be He, since His strength is invincible. The Lord is indeed "good to all" (Psalm 145:9), "a stronghold", wherein is salvation, as we read: "He is a stronghold of salvation" (Ibid. 28:8); "in the day of trouble", to wit, in the day of Israel's oppression at the hand of other nations."
Zohar, Bereshith 174a
"R. Simeon said: 'The clause "Who commandeth the sun, and it riseth not" applies to Joseph, whilst the sequel, "and sealeth up the stars", applies to his brethren, regarding whom he said, "And eleven stars bowed down to me." Alternatively, "Who commandeth the sun" is an allusion to Jacob at the time his sons said to him: "Know now whether it is thy son's coat or not"; "that it shineth not" is a reference to the time when the Shekinah departed from him; whilst "sealeth up the stars" implies that through his sons Jacob's light was sealed and closed up, the sun for him was darkened and the stars did not shine-all because Joseph was separated from his father. And note that from the day on which Joseph disappeared Jacob abstained from marital intercourse and observed all the other rites of mourning until the day the good tidings of Joseph reached him.' AND THE LORD WAS WITH JOSEPH, AND HE WAS A PROSPEROUS MAN; AND HE WAS IN THE HOUSE OF HIS MASTER THE EGYPTIAN . R. Jose quoted here the verse: "For the Lord loveth justice, and forsaketh not his saints; they are preserved for ever" (Psalm 37:28). 'Observe', he said 'that wherever the righteous walk, G-d protects them and never abandons them, as David said: "Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for thou art with me; thy rod and staff they comfort me" (Ibid. 23:4); wherever the righteous walk the Shekinah accompanies them and does not abandon them. Joseph walked through the valley of the shadow of death, having been brought down to Egypt, but the Shekinah was with him, as we read: "And the Lord was with Joseph", and by reason of the presence of the Shekinah all that he did prospered in his hand; so much so that if he had something in his hand and his master wanted something of a different kind, it changed in his hand to the kind his master wanted."
Zohar, Bereshith I89a
The following reference to the Shekinah accompanying G-d's people, outside of the Land of Israel, also includes a mystical reference to the number forty-two which is significant. (See previous studies on the meaning of this number.) Here, the Shekinah is accompanied by the "celestial Jacob" — representative of the bride and groom being in union:
"Said R. Simeon: 'When the Shekinah went down to Egypt, a celestial "living being" (Hayah, cf. Ezek. 1:5), called "Israel", in form like the patriarch Jacob, went down with Her, accompanied by forty- two heavenly attendants, each of whom bore a letter belonging to the Holy Name. They all descended with Jacob to Egypt, and hence it says "and these are the names of the children of Israel which came into Egypt … with Jacob'."
Zohar, Shemoth 4b
Though the Shekinah is considered to be "G-d's presence in the world," one should not make the mistake of "dividing" G-d in any sense as such things are only 'from our perspective.' The Zohar speaks of the Shekinah being both "above" and "below" as follows. (Also note the connection to the 12 tribes (i.e., 12 stars):
"In a similar sense it is written: "And G-d remembered Rachel", which has a meaning similar to that of the passage"and I remembered my covenant". Now, if we say that the term "visiting" is used only of the female principle (the Shekinah), we are met with a difficulty in the text: "I have surely visited you". For how could the Shekinah speak thus, seeing that she was herself in exile, and, in fact, how could she appear to Moses at all? But in truth there is a deep significance in this passage. For as the sun, although his centre is in heaven, yet spreads his power and might throughout the earth, so that the whole earth is full of his glory, so, as long as the Temple was in existence, the whole earth, to wit, the Holy Land, was full of G-d's glory; but now that Israel is in exile, the Shekinah is on high, but still her might surrounds Israel so as to shield them, even when they are in a strange land. For the Shekinah is both here below and on high. The Shekinah on high abides in the twelve holy chariots and the twelve supernal Hayyoth; the lower Shekinah is among the twelve holy tribes, and thus the upper Shekinah and the lower Shekinah are intertwined, and both operate together and simultaneously. Now, when Israel is in exile, the upper Shekinah is not complete because the lower Shekinah is not complete, and that is what is meant by the Shekinah being in exile when Israel is in exile. It is like a king who has lost a son, and who as a sign of his mourning turns over his couch and spreads thistles and thorns on its underside and then lays himself down on it. Similarly when Israel went into exile and the Temple was destroyed, G-d took thorns and thistles and put them underneath Him, as it were, as it is written: "And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a thorn-bush" (Exodus 3:2), the reason being that Israel was in exile."
Zohar, Bereshith 159b
2 and being with child she doth cry out, travailing and pained to bring forth.
The idea of the Shekinah being a "mother" and giving birth to Messiah(s) is found in the Zohar:
"My dove, my undefiled, is but one, she is the only one of her mother" (Song of Songs 6:9), the Holy Shekinah, who proceeds from the twelve flashes of the radiance which illumines all things, and is called "Mother". And the Holy One, blessed be He, dealt according to this principle with the earth: He scattered the nations abroad in separation and appointed supernal chiefs over them, as it is written, "which the Lord hath imparted to all the nations under heaven" (Deuteronomy 6:19). But He took unto Himself the congregation of Israel to be His own portion and His own choice, as it is written, "For the Lord's portion is his people, Jacob is the lot of his inheritance" (Ibid. 32:9). Thus it is clear that Israel is directly under G-d and none other; and He says of her: "My dove, my undefiled, is but one, she is the only one of her Mother." She is the only one of her Mother Shekinah who dwells in her midst. "Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all" (Proverbs 31:29)."
Zohar, Shemoth 14b
"The Faithful Shepherd said, "At that time (there will come) pangs and pains upon the woman in childbirth, that is, the Shekinah … And through these pains, which will make her cry out, seventy supernal Sanhedrins will be aroused, until her voice reaches the Lord … And from those voices which she gives forth … her womb opens — and her womb consists of two houses — to give birth to two Messiahs … and she bends her head betwixt her knees; her head is the Middle Column and her two thighs are Eternity and Majesty [the Sefirot of Netzah and Hod] … and from there are born two Messiahs. In that time the forests will be denuded, and the Serpent will pass from the world."
Zohar, Ra'aya Mehemma, 3:67b-68a
3 And there was seen another sign in the heaven, and, lo, a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his head seven diadems,
At the level of Beriah, evil is associated with the angelic name "Samael" which is literally "poison-god." This is associated with the dragon of Revelation:
The Designations and The Categories – The distinction between 'right' and 'left' in the Zohar corresponds, not only to the distinction between reward and punishment in the next world, but also between good and evil, and specifically moral good and evil in this world. Samael, the power of evil, the tempter, the accuser, the evil Serpent, is placed on the left and is identified with the grade Geburah. Now Samael is represented as the opponent not of Hesed but of Tifereth [identified with the archangel Michael.] He is the Great Dragon, who on New Year swallows the Moon, that is, prevents the union of the Matrona with the Holy King, until Israel by their sacrifice on the Day of Atonement induce him to desist. He also, by means of his minions, Lilith and others, seduces men to defile their souls, contrary to the desire of the Holy King.
Soncino Zohar Appendix III
GEMMATRIA
The Beriatic dragon has seven heads which represent the physical materialization of its power – seven being the number of "maximum compactness" in the physical world. It also has ten horns, which are heavenly powers, understood as the "evil counterpart" to the ten divine sefirot.
The numbers seven and ten, when associated with each other, speak of an earthly and heavenly manifestation of a common idea. Consider the concept of ten heavenly Sefirot, compare to the seven Sefirot that relate to the physical world. This is reflected in the teaching that the "spiritually wise" Moses had ten names, whereas his "earthly wise" father-in-law, Jethro, is said to have had seven names.
A 'positive example' of such a union (between seven and ten) is seen in the idea of the "great Tzaddik" who unites (the seven) below with (the ten) above. The sum of seven and ten equals seventeen which is the gematria of the word TOV (Tet-Bet-Vav = 9+2+6=17), the Hebrew word for "good." In kabbalah, the aspect of "tov" is associated with the Sefirah of Yesod (foundation) which, as we have discussed earlier, is the idea of the (divine) "tzaddik" — the "righteous one."
The great tzaddikim are those seen as unifying above and below, which in both the past and future is symbolized by the establishing of G-d's Tabernacle/Temple on earth. Three people who come to mind are Moses, Betzalel and Yeshua. (Betzalel was the young man who was given the 'divine insight' into the details of the Tabernacle construction.)
We find a common thread between these three:
Moses is associated with "tov" in that tradition says his original Hebrew name (before Pharaoh's daughter named him "Moses") was Tovia (meaning "goodness of God) and derived from the root "tov," with its numerical value of 17.
Betzalel's name has a numerical value of 153 — which in Kabbalah is the "triangle" of the number 17 — that being the sum of all numbers from 1 to 17.
Yeshua is also associated with the number 153 as seen in John's gospel which makes a point to specifically mention that 153 fish were miraculously caught in the disciple's nets after Yeshua told them to recast their nets.
The following texts offer additional insight into the concepts brough forth in verse 2. The first two describe the relationship between seven and ten (here muliplied with a product of 70) with regard to the "division" of physical and spiritual realms into 70 units. (i.e., the "70 nations" of the earth). Mention is also made of how the fate Egypt met will be the same for Rome one day:
"Observe that whatever is engendered on earth grows through the stimulus of a celestial Chieftain who has charge over it, and that all on earth is shaped after a celestial pattern. There are on high seven firmaments, and seven zones of earth. Correspondingly, in the lower world there are seven graded firmaments and seven zones of earth. These, as the Companions have expounded, are arranged like the rungs of a ladder, rising one above the other, and each zone has ten divisions, so that there are seventy in all. Each one of these is presided over by a Chieftain, and these seventy Chieftains have under their charge the seventy nations of the earth. These seventy earth-divisions, again, border on and surround the Holy Land, as Scripture says: "Behold, it is the couch of Solomon; threescore mighty men are about, of the mighty men of Israel" (Song of Songs 3:7), there being, in addition to the threescore mentioned, ten concealed among their number. All these surround the Holy Land. This alludes to the upper world, and the same is reproduced in the lower world. Now at that time the Holy One, blessed be He, stretched forth His finger over the zone that was allotted to the Egyptians, and a fiery flame passed through the whole tract and dried up all the alluvial soil, with the result that the dust of the earth generated vermin. It was Aaron that smote the dust, in order to show that the right hand of the Holy One, blessed be He, breaks His enemies, as we read: "Thy right hand, O Lord, dasheth in pieces the enemy" (Exodus 15:6). The same punishment is destined to be meted out by the Holy One, blessed be He, to Rome the great Metropolis, as it is written: "And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone" (Isaiah 34:9). Thus "all the dust of the earth became vermin throughout all the land of Egypt".
The following text offers another insight into the relationship between seven and ten, here with regard to Israel's struggles in conquering the Land:
"This is also the reason why the Jewish people were only commanded to conquer seven nations of Canaan upon entering the land, as opposed to the original ten that G-d first spoke about; we didn't merit a complete acquisition of Eretz Yisroel, due to our sins in the desert. The ten nations, of course, correspond to the Ten Sefiros, and the seven nations we did have to fight against represent only the lower seven Sefiros, indicating our lack of spiritual ability to bring complete perfection to creation."
'Judging by the Situation," Rabbi Pinchas Winston, http://www.torah.org/learning/perceptions/5761/shoftim.html
The "dragon," as an image of evil in the higher realms, is referred to throughout Hebraic literature. It is not only associated with the archangel Samael (see above), but also with Israel's enemies in the physical realm.
A 7-headed dragon is mentioned in Talmud:
"[R. Aha b. Jacob] entered and spent the night in that schoolhouse, during which it [the demon] appeared to him in the guise of a seven-headed dragon. Every time he [the Rabbi] fell on his knees [in prayer] one head fell off."
Kiddushin 29b
In this midrash, a dragon is associated with the leader of Babylon:
"Thus it is written, And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up (Jeremiah 51:44). For Nebuchadnezzar had a great dragon which swallowed up everything thrown to it. Said Nebuchadnezzar to Daniel: 'How great is its might that it swallows up everything that is thrown to it!' ' Give me permission,' he rejoined, ' and I will make him weak.' On being granted permission, what did he do? He took straw, hid nails in it, and threw it to the dragon, and the nails lacerated his bowels. That is the meaning of the verse, 'And I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up.)"
Midrash Rabbah, Genesis 68:13
Here a dragon is linked to the leader of Egypt:
"AND THE LORD SAID UNTO MOSES: PUT FORTH THY HAND, AND TAKE IT BY THE TAIL (Exodus 4:4). We have already explained what the serpent implied for Moses; but what did this sign signify for Israel? R. Eleazar opined that the rod was converted into a serpent as symbolic Of Pharaoh who was called a serpent, as it says: Behold, I am against thee, Pharaoh King of Egypt, the great-dragon (Ezekiel 29:3). He is also referred to as the leviathan the slant serpent (Isaiah 27:1), because he hit Israel. G-d said to him [Moses]: ' Dost thou see Pharaoh who is like a serpent? Well, thou wilt smite him with the rod and in the end he will become like wood; and just as the rod cannot bite, so he will no longer bite'; hence: PUT FORTH THY HAND AND TAKE IT BY THE TAIL. THAT THEY MAY BELIEVE THAT THE LORD, THE G-D OF THEIR FATHERS… HATH APPEARED UNTO THEE (Exodus 4:5). Go and perform before them this miracle that they should believe that I appeared unto thee."
Midrash Rabbah, Exodus 3:12
An examination of Scripture shows an association being made between other leaders and the evil side (i.e., the king of Tyre). The following text mentions the idea of there being "more than one Samael" — a key point in understanding how evil manifests:
"Various impurities are mingled in the composition of Israel, like animals among men. One kind is from the side of the serpent; another from the side of the Gentiles, who are compared to the beasts of the field; another from the side of mazikin (goblins), for the souls of the wicked are literally the mazikin (goblins) of the world; and there is an impurity from the side of the demons and evil spirits; and there is none so cursed among them as Amalek, who is the evil serpent, the "strange god". He is the cause of all unchastity and murder, and his twin-soul is the poison of idolatry, the two together being called Samael (lit. poison-god). There is more than one Samael, and they are not all equal, but this side of the serpent is accursed above all of them."
Zohar, Bereshith 29a
The ultimate manifestation of evil is linked to Amalek, whom Jewish tradition teaches is present in every generation (as is the potential for the coming Elijah and Messiah) and who will be strong again at the time of Messiah's return:
'AND MOSES ASSEMBLED ALL THE CONGREGATION OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL, ETC. R. Hiya opened here a discourse on the text: "And Saul said unto the Kenites: Go depart", etc. (1Samuel 15:6). 'Observe', he said, 'that in regard to Amalek it is written: "I remember that which Amalek did to Israel", etc. (Ibid. 15:2). What is the reason that none of the wars waged by other nations against Israel was so displeasing to the Almighty as was the war waged against them by Amalek? The reason, assuredly, is that the battle with Amalek was waged on both fronts, both on high and below; for at that time the evil serpent gathered all its forces both above and below. It is the way of a serpent to lie in wait on the cross-roads. So Amalek, the evil serpent of Israel, was lying in wait for them on the cross-roads, as it is written: "how he set himself against him in the way" (Ibid.). He was Iying in ambush on high in order to defile the Sanctuary, and below in order to defile Israel. This we deduce from the expression, "how he met thee by the way" (Deuteronomy 25:18), where the term qar'kha is meant to suggest the kindred term in the passage, "If there be among you any man that is not clean by reason of that which chanceth him (miqre) by night" (ibid. 23:11). By using the term qar'kha, the text as much as says: "He has arrayed against thee that evil serpent from above that he may defile thee on all sides"; and were it not that Moses from above, and Joshua from below, put forth all their strength, Israel would not have prevailed against him. It is for this reason that the Holy One, blessed be He, cherished His enmity against him throughout all generations, inasmuch as he planned to uproot the sign of the covenant from its place." ([Tr. note: i.e. to lead Israel into ways of unchastity.]
Zohar, Shemoth 194b-195a
Samael can manifest in such a fashion that he can come into direct conflict with individuals. Two such people are Moses and Jacob. The first text below also hints at the complexity of the spiritual realm in that Samael and "the serpent" are seen as both the same, yet different:
"Each incident recorded in the Torah contains a multitude of deep significations, and each word is itself an expression of wisdom and the doctrine of truth. The words of the Torah, then, are all sacred, revealing wondrous things, as we read: "Open thou mine eyes, that may behold wondrous things out of thy law" (Psalm 119:18). Here is a proof. When the serpent had subverted Adam and his wife, and infected her with impurity, the world fell thereby in a state of defilement, and was laid under a curse, and death was brought into it. So the world had to be punished through him until the tree of life came and made atonement for man and prevented the serpent from ever again having dominion over the seed of Jacob. For each time the Israelites offered up a he-goat the serpent was subdued and led captive, as already said. Hence Jacob brought his father two he-goats (se'irim), one to subdue Esau, who was hairy (sa'ir), and the other to subdue the grade to which Esau was beholden and to which he adhered, as has been said already. And it is through this that the world will be preserved until a woman will appear after the pattern of Eve and a man after the pattern of Adam, who will circumvent and out-manoeuvre the evil serpent and him who rides on him, as explained elsewhere.' R. Jose further discoursed as follows: And Esau was a cunning hunter… and Jacob was a perfect man, dwelling in tents (Genesis 25:27). 'In which way was he "perfect"? In that he was "dwelling in tents", i.e. that he held fast to the two sides, to that of Abraham and that of Isaac. In dealing with Esau he advanced from the side of Isaac, as already said, and in the spirit of the passage: "With the merciful thou dost show thyself merciful… and with the crooked thou dost show thyself subtle" (Psalm 18:6-27). But when he came to receive the blessings, he came with help from on high, and with support from both Abraham and Isaac, and thus all was prescribed by wisdom, as already said above. For Jacob conquered the serpent with prudence and craft, but chiefly by means of the he-goat; and although the serpent and Samael are the same, yet he also conquered Samael by another method, as described in the passage, saying: "and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. And when he saw that he prevailed not against him" (Genesis 32:25-26). Observe how great Jacob's merit must have been. For as his adversary was intent on destroying him completely, and that night was the night when the moon was created, it was doubly unpropitious for Jacob, who remained behind all alone. … Samael thus came and attacked him, in order to destroy him utterly. Jacob, however, had strong support on all sides, on the side of Isaac and on the side of Abraham, both of whom constituted the strength of Jacob. When Samael attacked Jacob's right he saw there Abraham equipped with the strength of day, being of the side of the Right, the same being Mercy (Hesed). When he attacked his left, he saw there Isaac with the strength of stern judgement. When he attacked in front, he found Jacob strong on either side by reason of those surrounding him, and thus we read: "And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh" (Genesis 32:26), that is, a part that is outside of the trunk and one of its supports. Hence, "the hollow of Jacob's thigh was strained" (Ibid.). When day appeared and night departed, Jacob's strength increased and Samael's waned, so that the latter said: "Let me go, for the moment of the recital of the morning hymn had arrived", and it was therefore necessary for him to depart. He thus confirmed Jacob's blessings and added to them one blessing more, as it says: "And he blessed him there" (Ibid. 30)."
Zohar, Bereshith 145b,146a
This next text speaks of Moses' encounter:
"AND MOSES REARED UP THE TABERNACLE, AND LAID (vayiten) ITS SOCKETS. At the time when these pillars and supports were put into their places, the pillars and supports of the evil side were loosened and swept away from their places. Moses, as we have learnt, saw the wicked Samael advancing towards him with intent to bring accusations against him. But he overpowered him and bound him in fetters, and then reared up the tabernacle, and fixed its sockets. The term vayiten (and he laid) indicates the use of intense force, for no other man but Moses would have been able to overcome this antagonist and to fix the foundations in their place. It was on the first of Nisan that the Tabernacle was reared up, a season when the evil powers are let loose in the world; for in the days of Nisan, as the saying goes, "even when the ox has his head in the fodder basket, go up the roof" [Tr. note: T. P. Pesahim, 112.] Moses saw Samael going round and round him to confuse him, but he overpowered him."
Zohar, Shemoth 240b
The concept of "horns" has to do with (spiritual) power. Midrash speaks of Israel's ten horns, being given over to the nations due to the former's sin:
"HE HATH CUT OFF IN FIERCE ANGER ALL THE HORN OF ISRAEL (Lamentations 2:3). There are ten horns: of Abraham, of Isaac, of Joseph, of Moses, of the Torah, of the priesthood, of the Levites, of prophecy, of the Temple, and of Israel. There are some who add: the horn of the Messiah. ' The horn of Abraham,' as it is said, My well-beloved had a vineyard in a very fruitful hill (Isaiah 5:1). 'The horn of Isaac,' as it is said, Caught in the thicket by his horns (Genesis 12:13). 'The horn of Joseph,' as it is said, And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox (Deuteronomy 33:17). 'The horn of Moses,' as it is written, The skin of his face sent forth beams (Exodus 34:29). 'The horn of the Torah,' as it is written, Horns hath He from His hands (Habakkuk 3:4). 'The horn of the priesthood,' as it is written, His horn shall be exalted in honour (Psaslm 112:9). 'The horn of the Levites,' as it is written, All these where the sons of Heman the king's seer in the things pertaining to G-d, to lift up the horn (IChronicles 25:5). 'The horn of prophecy,' as it is written, My horn is exalted in the Lord (ISamuel 2:1). 'The horn of the Temple,' as it is written, From the horns of the wild-oxen do Thou answer me (Psalm 22:22). 'The horn of Israel,' as it is said, And He hath lifted up a horn for His people (ib. 148:14). ' There are some who add the horn of the Messiah,' as it is written, And He will give strength unto His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed (I Sam. II, 10). All of these horns were set on the head of Israel; and when they sinned these were taken from them–as it is said, HE HATH CUT OFF IN FIERCE ANGER ALL THE HORN OF ISRAEL–and given to the other nations, as it is said, And concerning the ten horns that were on its head, and the other horn which came up, and before which three fell (Daniel 7:20), after which it is written, And so for the ten horns, out of this kingdom shall ten kings arise; and another shall arise after them; and he shall be diverse from the former, and he shall put down three kings (ib. 24). When Israel repents, the Holy One, blessed be He, will restore the horns to their place, as it is stated, All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; but the horns of the righteous shall be lifted up (Psalm 75:11), i.e. the horns which the Righteous One of the Universe had cut off. When will He restore them to their place? When the Holy One, blessed be He, raises aloft the horn of His Messiah, as it is written, 'And He will give strength unto His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed."
Midrash Rabbah, Lamentations 2:6.
4 and his tail doth draw the third of the stars of the heaven, and he did cast them to the earth; and the dragon did stand before the woman who is about to bring forth, that when she may bring forth, her child he may devour;
The following Zohar passage is relates some similar themes. It speaks of the origin of souls (Beriah), how the serpent's role (in attampting to "bite" these souls as they enter the world) is in fact ordained by G-d, and how the souls of the especially righteous (i.e., Messiah) are protected with a "sanctified body," and how all of this is tied to the coming of Messiah:
"R. Simeon and R. Eleazar his son were one night sitting together studying the Torah. Said R. Eleazar to his father, R. Simeon: 'It is written: "Unto the woman he said: I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy travail, in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband", etc. (Genesis 3:16). We have learned that this passage contains a profound mystical teaching. One may comprehend this passage in its terrestrial significance, but what corresponds in the supernal world?' R. Simeon cited the verse: "As the hart panteth after the water brooks", etc. (Psalm 42:2). 'This verse has already been expounded,' he said. 'There is, however, a certain female animal that has under her daily charge a thousand keys, and that pants continually after the water brooks to drink and quench her thirst, of which it is thus written, "As the hart panteth after the water brooks." It is to be observed that this verse commences with a masculine subject, "hart" ('ayyal), and continues with a feminine predicate, tha'erog (she panteth). The recondite explanation of this is that it is an allusion to the male-female as one undivided and inseparable; and so it is the female part of the same that "panteth for the water brooks" and then becomes impregnated from the male element, and is in labour, coming under the scrutiny of Rigour. But at the moment when she is about to be delivered of offspring the Holy One, blessed be He, prepares for her a huge celestial serpent through whose bite she is safely delivered. And this is the hidden meaning of, "I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy travail", for she is in daily convulsions and pain because of the deeds of mankind: "in pain thou shalt bring forth children", a hidden allusion to the Serpent who casts a gloom over the faces of mankind; "and thy desire shall be to thy husband": this is in harmony with the expression, "she panteth for the water brooks"; "and he shall rule over thee": this has been already expounded elsewhere. Why all this? It was on account of the Moon's dissatisfaction with her state, in punishment for which, as tradition teaches us, her light was diminished, also her power was reduced so that she is beholden to what they grant her from outside. It may be asked, Why is the Serpent necessary in this connection? It is because it is he who opens the passage for the descent of souls into the world. For if he did not open the way, no soul would come down to animate a man's body in the world. So Scripture says, "sin coucheth at the door" (Genesis 3:7), alluding to the celestial door through which pass the souls at birth to emerge into this world. He, the Serpent, waits at that door. It is true, when the souls about to emerge are such as are to enter sanctified bodies, he is not present, having no dominion over such souls. But otherwise, the Serpent bites, and that spot is defiled and the soul passing through is unpurified. Herein is concealed a sublime mystical teaching. "In pain thou shalt bring forth children" is a mystical allusion to that Serpent, as it is with him that She brings forth souls, since he is responsible for the body and she for the soul, and the two are combined. The Serpent is destined in the future to bring about the birth of the whole of the bodies before its own time comes, as Scripture says: "Before she travailed, she brought forth" (Isaiah 66:7). For, whereas the period of the serpent's gestation is seven years, that will be at the end of six. And at that hour, when he will have brought about their birth, he himself will die. Of this, Scripture says: "He will swallow up death for ever" (Ibid. 25:8), also "Thy dead shall live, my dead bodies shall arise" (Ibid. 26:19).' Said R. Simeon: 'At the time when the dead will be awakened and be in readiness for the resurrection in the Holy Land, legions upon legions will arise on the soil of Galilee, as it is there that the Messiah is destined to reveal himself. For that is the portion of Joseph, and it was the first part of the Holy Land to be destroyed, and it was thence that the exile of Israel and their dispersion among the nations began, as Scripture says, "but they are not grieved for the hurt of Joseph" (Amos 6:6). Thus there they will rise up first, for the reason that it is the portion of him who was put in an ark, as it says, "and he was put in an ark in Egypt" (Genesis 50:26), and subsequently was buried in the Holy Land, as it says "And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem" (Joshua 24:32); and he it was who kept the purity of the holy covenant symbol in a special degree. As soon as they will rise from the dead all those hosts will march, each man to the portion of his ancestors, as Scripture says, "and ye shall return every man unto his possession" (Leviticus 25:10). They shall recognize each other, and G-d will clothe every one in embroidered garments; and they will all come and offer up thanksgiving to their Master in Jerusalem, where there will assemble multitudes upon multitudes. Jerusalem itself will spread out in all directions, to a further extent even than when the exiles returned there. When they assemble and offer up praises to their Master the Holy One, blessed be He, will rejoice in them. So Scripture says: "And they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, and shall flow unto the goodness of the Lord", etc. (Jeremiah 31:12), namely, every one to his portion and the portion of his ancestors. And the possession of Israel will extend till it will reach Damietta of the Romans, and even there they will study the Torah. All this has already been stated, and it is in harmony with the Scriptural passage, saying: "Awake and sing, ye that dwell in the dust", etc. (Isaiah 16:19). Blessed be the Lord for evermore! Amen and Amen!"
5 and she brought forth a male child, who is about to rule all the nations with a rod of iron, and caught away was her child unto G-d and His throne,
The one who rules is Messiah ben David:
"THE SCEPTRE [STAFF] SHALL NOT DEPART FROM JUDAH alludes to the Messiah, son of David, who will chastise the State with a staff, as it says, Thou shalt break them with a rod [staff] of iron (Psalm 2:9)."
Midrash Rabbah, Genesis 92
"BINDING HIS FOAL UNTO THE VINE . The vine is the Community of Israel, so called also in the verse: "Thou didst remove a vine from Egypt" (Psalm 80:9). By "his foal" is meant the Messiah, who is destined to rule over all the hosts of the peoples, that is to say, the heavenly hosts who have charge of the Gentiles, and from whom they derive their strength. The Messiah will prevail over them, because this vine dominates all those lower crowns through which the Gentiles have dominion. This will be the victory above. Israel, who are "a choice vine", will conquer and destroy other hosts below; and the Messiah will prevail over all. Hence it is written of him that he will be "poor and riding on an ass and on a young ass's colt" (Zechariah 9:9). "Colt" and "ass" are two crowns by virtue of which the Gentiles have dominion, and they are from the left side, the side of uncleanness. It is strange that the Messiah should be called "poor". R. Simeon explained that it is because he has nothing of his own, and he is compared to the holy moon above, which has no light save from the sun. This Messiah will have dominion and will be established in his place. Below he is "poor", because he is of the side of the moon, and above he is poor, being a "mirror which does not radiate", "the bread of poverty". Yet withal he "rides upon an ass and upon a colt", to overthrow the strength of the Gentiles; and God will keep him firm. HE HATH WASHED HIS GARMENT IN WINE . With this may be compared the verse: "Who is this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah?" (Isaiah 63:1); and also: "I have trodden the winepress alone, etc." (ibid. 3). "Wine" here alludes to the side of Geburah, of stern justice which will be visited on the idolatrous nations. AND HIS VESTURE IN THE BLOOD OF GRAPE . This is the lower-world tree, the judgement court which is called "grapes", in which the "wine" is kept. Thus the Messiah will be clothed in both to crush beneath him all the idolatrous peoples and kings."
Regarding the idea of this child (mashiach) being 'caught away,' the Book of Enoch mentions the idea of the "Son of Man" being "hidden" from the earliest time:
"For from the beginning the Son of Man was hidden, and the Most High kept him in the presence of his power."
Book of Enoch, Chapter 62
The following Zohar passage, deeply esoteric in nature, speaks to the idea of Messiah being hidden for some period of time in a spiritual abode called "the bird's nest" – both of which are taken up to the heavenly realm (i.e., the Throne of G-d in Beriah):
"If a bird's nest chance to be before thee in the way in any tree, or on the ground, young ones or eggs, and the dam sitting upon the young… thou shalt in no wise let the dam go" (Deuteronomy 22:6-7). 'This passage', he said, 'we interpret as an esoteric commandment in the Law, containing mysteries of doctrine, paths and ways known to the Fellowship and belonging to the thirty-two paths of the Torah.' Then, turning to R. Eleazar, his son, he said: 'At the time when the Messiah shall arise, there will be great wonders in the world. See now, in the lower Paradise there is a secret and unknown spot, broidered with many colours, in which a thousand palaces of longing are concealed. No one may enter it, except the Messiah, whose abode is in Paradise. The Garden is encompassed with multitudes of saints who look to the Messiah as their leader, along with many hosts and bands of the souls of the righteous there. On New Moons, festivals, and Sabbaths, he enters that place, in order to find joyous delight in those secret palaces. Behind those palaces there is another place, entirely hidden and undiscoverable. It is called "Eden", and no one may enter to behold it. Now the Messiah is hidden in its outskirts until a place is revealed to him which is called "the Bird's Nest". This is the place proclaimed by that Bird (the Shekinah) which flies about the Garden of Eden every day. In that place the effigies are woven of all the nations who band together against Israel. The Messiah enters that abode, lifts up his eyes and beholds the Fathers (Patriarchs) visiting the ruins of G-d's Sanctuary. He perceives mother Rachel, with tears upon her face; the Holy One, blessed be He, tries to comfort her, but she refuses to be comforted (Jeremiah 31:14). Then the Messiah lifts up his voice and weeps, and the whole Garden of Eden quakes, and all the righteous and saints who are there break out in crying and lamentation with him. When the crying and weeping resound for the second time, the whole firmament above the Garden begins to shake, and the cry echoes from five hundred myriads of supernal hosts, until it reaches the highest Throne. Then the Holy One, blessed be He, beckons to that "Bird", which then enters its nest and comes to the Messiah, and flits about, uttering strange cries. Then from the holy Throne the Bird's Nest and the Messiah are summoned three times, and they both ascend into the heavenly places, and the Holy One swears to them to destroy the wicked kingdom (Rome) by the hand of the Messiah, to avenge Israel, and to give her all the good things which he has promised her. Then the Bird returns to her place. The Messiah, however, is hidden again in the same place as before."
Zohar, Shemoth 8a
There's are other ideas related to mashiach being hidden away for a time:
In both the Jerusalem and in Midrash Rabba we find the tale of Menachem son of Hezekiah who was born on the day that the Temple was destroyed and was named messiah. The infant was plucked from his mother's arms by the wind and disappeared with no trace. The reader of this tale is left wondering whether the infant was snatched up to the heavens still alive – some day perhaps to return. …
The Book of Kings relates the story of Aviah the son of Jeroboam son of Nabat. Aviah grew sick, and came together with his mother to the prophet Achiya so that he would pray for his recovery. Achiya, however, decreed that the child would die and after his death he was eulogized by 'all of Israel…for some good thing for G-d, the G-d of Israel, was found in him. … The good found in the dead Aviah was the messianic potential within him – the Josephian (father of Efraim) messiah. … The Talmud interprets this as referring to the 'Josephian messiah who was killed.' …
There is another messianic tradition based on the story from the book of Kings which tells of the prophet Elijah's resurrection of the widow's son. Concerning this child, a midrash states, 'he was the Josephian messiah." The analogy between this miraculously resurrected child and the Josephian messiah is strengthened even more when we take into account the tradition that foretells of this messiah's own future resurrection after death.
The Scroll of Secrets: The Hidden Messianic Vision of R. Nachman of Breslav, Zvi Mark, pp.130,131
6 and the woman did flee to the wilderness, where she hath a place made ready from God, that there they may nourish her — days a thousand, two hundred, sixty.
The idea of "42 months" (1,260 days = 42 months of 30 days) presents itself here again, with relation to a period of time leading up a time of unification. The "wilderness," where the Shekinah and Israel take refuge, can be seen both literally and metaphorically.
The following passages are concerned with these themes:
"Not all men know that the Shekinah at its last exile did not withdraw to heaven, but to "the wilderness, to an inn of travellers" (Jeremiah 9:1), and that since then it is always to be found in the place where Israel is particularly in distress."
"So in the days to come, when the Holy One, blessed be He, will remember His people, the community of Israel, the Shekinah will return from exile first and proceed to her House, as the holy Temple will be built first. The Holy One, blessed be He, will then say to the Community of Israel: "Shake thyself from the dust, arise and sit down, O Jerusalem"
"R. Hizkiah said: 'The Holy One, blessed be He, will one day sweep away the unclean spirit, as it is written, "And the unclean spirit I will cause to pass out of the land" (Zechariah 13:2), and further, "He will swallow up death for ever, and the Lord G-d will wipe away tears from all faces, and the reproach of his people will he take away from off all the earth, for the Lord hath spoken it" (Isaish 25:8). The Holy One, blessed be He, will also one day restore the moon [i.e., the Shekinah], to its full light, and dissipate the darkness brought on her by the evil serpent, as it is written, "And the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of the seven days" (ibid. 30:26), the reference here being to the primordial light which the Holy One, blessed be He, stored away during the period of the creation."
The departure of the Shekinah from its place is directly linked to the sin of Israel. This verse from Midrash clearly links such sin with the departure of the Shekinah for a period of "forty-two stages":
"MY MOTHER'S SONS, the sons of my nation, namely the spies, WERE INCENSED AGAINST ME: they attacked me, they filled the Judge with wrath against me. THEYMADE ME KEEPER OF THE VINEYARDS: because I stayed in the wilderness journeying forty-two stages, I was not able to enter the land of Israel. Hence, MY OWN VINEYARD I DID NOT KEEP."
Midrash Rabbah, Song of Songs 1:41
These texts expound on the idea of Israel's apostasy (i.e., 2 Thessalonians 2:3) causing the departure of the Shekinah from the land:
"The community of Israel does not dwell outside its own place save in the time of exile, and because it is in exile, therefore other nations enjoy greater prosperity. When Israel were in their own land everything was as it should be, the heavenly throne was fully spread over them, and the liturgy which they performed pierced through the ether and ascended on high to its place. For Israel alone was qualified to serve God in that land, and therefore the Gentiles kept aloof, since they did not rule over it as now, but were nourished only by the "residue". You may say, How do you reconcile this with the fact that a number of (foreign) kings ruled over it at the time when the Temple still existed. The answer is that in the time of the first Temple, before Israel defiled the land, the Gentiles did not rule over it but were nourished from the "residue". But when Israel sinned and defiled the land, they, as it were, drove the Shekinah from its place, and it went to another place, and therefore other nations were allowed to rule over the land. For no angel has control of the land of Israel, but only G-d. When Israel sinned and burned incense to other gods in the Holy Land, the Shekinah was driven from its place, and other gods were associated with it, and so other nations obtained dominion and the prophets died out, and all the higher grades ceased to rule, and dominion was not withdrawn from other nations, because they drew the Shekinah to themselves. Hence in the time of the second Temple the rule of the other nations did not cease, and even less so in the period of the Exile, when the Shekinah found herself among other nations where other chieftains exercise dominion, deriving their sustenance from the Shekinah, which has consorted with them."
"Before Israel went into captivity, and while the Shekinah was still with them, G-d commanded Israel: "thou shalt not uncover thy mother's nakedness" (Leviticus 18:7), and this captivity is the uncovering of the nakedness of the Shekinah, as it is written, "On account of your sins your mother has been put away" (Isaiah 50:1), i.e. for the sin of unchastity Israel has been sent into captivity and the Shekinah also, and this is the uncovering of the Shekinah. This unchastity is Lilith, the mother of the "mixed multitude". It is they who separate the two He's of the sacred name, and prevent the Vau from entering between them; so it is written, "the nakedness of a woman and her daughter thou shalt not uncover", referring to the upper and lower Shekinah. When the "mixed multitude" are between the one He and the other, the Holy One, blessed be He, cannot link them together, and consequently "the river becomes dry and parched"-dry in the upper He and parched in the lower He, in order that the "mixed multitude" may not be nourished by the Vau, which is the Tree of Life. Therefore the Vau does not link together the two He's when the mixed multitude is between them, and the letter Yod is not able to draw near to the second He'; thus the precept "thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy daughter-in-law" is transgressed. Further, they separate the Yod from the upper He, and so break the command "thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father's wife", the Yod being the father, the first He the mother, Vau the son and the second He the daughter. Therefore it is ordained with regard to the upper He, "thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father's wife"; "the nakedness of thy sister the daughter of thy father" refers to the lower He; "her son's daughter and her daughter's daughter" refers to the He and He which are the children of He; "the nakedness of the father's brother" refers to the Yod, which is the product of the letter Yod, a brother to Vau. In a word, when the "mixed multitude" are mingled with Israel, the letters of the name YHVH cannot be joined and linked together; but as soon as they are removed from the world, then it is said of the letters of G-d's name that "On that day the Lord shall be one and his name one" (Zechariah 14:9). This is why Adam, who is Israel, is closely linked with the Torah, of which it is said, "It is a tree of life to those who take hold on it"; this tree is the Matron, the Sefirah Malkhuth (Kingship), through their connection with which Israel are called "sons of kings". On this account G-d said, "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him" (Genesis 2:18). This help is the Mishnah (the oral Law), the handmaid of the Shekinah. If Israel deserve well, it is a help to them in the captivity from the side of the permitted, the clean, and the proper; if they do not deserve well, it is a hindrance to them from the side of the unclean, the unfit, and the forbidden, the clean, the permitted, and the fit signifying the good inclination, and the unfit, the unclean, and the forbidden signifying the evil inclination. Thus the Mishnah resembles the woman, who has both pure and impure blood of menstruation. But the Mishnah is not the spouse of his real union, for real union is denied to him until the "mixed multitude" shall be removed from the earth. On account of this Moses was buried outside of the Holy Land."
"When the days of the Messiah shall be come, when we shall see face to face, all the "faces" will give their consent. Now, the sin which the "outsiders"- "the mixed multitude"- committed, and in which the holy people participated, was a sin against the "Holy Mother", the Shekinah, because they said, "Up, make us a god" (Elohim) (Exodus 32:1)- Elohim, the Glory of Israel, She who rested upon them like a mother on her children. This is the secret contained in the words: "They changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass" (Psalm 116:20). Yea, verily, that is the Glory of Israel: their Mother. Therefore it also says, "The glory has departed" (ISamuel 4:22), because they caused the Shekinah to go into exile with them. They changed their glory with what? "The similitude of an ox." Herein lies a mystery. From out of the midst of the dregs of the wine, the dregs of evil, an Accuser emerges, the first Damager, in the form of a man approaching the Sanctuary. As soon as he passes on from there and desires to descend and wreak his evil will upon the earth he has to cover himself with a garment. Then he comes down with his hosts. And the first garment in which he clothes himself is the form of an ox. Therefore the first of those accusing demons is an ox. He is one of the "four principal damagers" [Tr. note: Cf. T. B. Baba Kama]. who come down to inflict misery on the world. All the three other damagers belong to and are under this first ox."
Zohar, Shemoth 191a
The idea of the Shekinah "being nourished" while in exile has a positive side to it. Exile causes repentance, which in turn gives deeper insight into G-d and His Torah. A modern kabbalistic text views more recent exiles in this way:
"… by means of the gerushin, the forced banishments or exile wanderings from place to place, the kabbalists were elevated above their own state of exile, for they gave support to the weakened Shekinah and received mystical illumination in the form of innovative Scriptural interpretations.
'Along the Path: Studies in Kabbalistic Myth, Symbolism and Hermeneutics,' Ellliot Wolfson, 1995, State University of New York Press, p.91
The idea of "innovative Scriptural interpretations has to do with the deeper levels of the Torah. Through the study of Torah, prayer and righteous actions, the Shekinah is strengthened.
The Zohar offers the following commentaries on this idea:
"Said R. Simeon: 'Alas for the man who regards the Torah as a book of mere tales and everyday matters! If that were so, we, even we could compose a torah dealing with everyday affairs, and of even greater excellence. Nay, even the princes of the world possess books of greater worth which we could use as a model for composing some such torah. The Torah, however, contains in all its words supernal truths and sublime mysteries. Observe the perfect balancing of the upper and the lower worlds. Israel here below is balanced by the angels on high, of whom it says: "who makest thy angels into winds" (Psalm 104:4). For the angels in descending on earth put on themselves earthly garments, as otherwise they could not stay in this world, nor could the world endure them. Now, if thus it is with the angels, how much more so must it be with the Torah-the Torah that created them, that created all the worlds and is the means by which these are sustained. Thus had the Torah not clothed herself in garments of this world the world could not endure it. The stories of the Torah are thus only her outer garments, and whoever looks upon that garment as being the Torah itself, woe to that man-such a one will have no portion in the next world. David thus said: "Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law" (Psalm 119:18), to wit, the things that are beneath the garment. Observe this. The garments worn by a man are the most visible part of him, and senseless people looking at the man do not seem to see more in him than the garments. But in truth the pride of the garments is the body of the man, and the pride of the body is the soul. Similarly the Torah has a body made up of the precepts of the Torah, called gufe torah (bodies, main principles of the Torah), and that body is enveloped in garments made up of worldly narrations. The senseless people only see the garment, the mere narrations; those who are somewhat wiser penetrate as far as the body. But the really wise, the servants of the most high King, those who stood on Mount Sinai, penetrate right through to the soul, the root principle of all, namely, to the real Torah. In the future the same are destined to penetrate even to the super-soul (soul of the soul) of the Torah. Observe that in a similar way in the supernal world there is garment, body, soul and super-soul. The heavens and their hosts are the outer garment, the Community of Israel is the body which receives the soul, to wit, the "Glory of Israel"; and the super-soul is the Ancient Holy One. All these are interlocked within each other. Woe to the sinners who consider the Torah as mere worldly tales, who only see its outer garment; happy are the righteous who fix their gaze on the Torah proper Wine cannot be kept save in a jar; so the Torah needs an outer garment. These are the stories and narratives, but it behoves us to penetrate beneath them."
Zohar, Bemidbar 151b-152a
"AND THE LORD G-D CAUSED TO GROW. The two names may be referred to the Father and the Mother; "every pleasant tree" refers to the Zaddik; "good to eat" refers to the Central Column, through which He provided food for all, and from which alone the Zaddik is nourished, as the Shekinah from him. These have no need of the lower world, but, on the contrary, all below are nourished from him. For in this period of captivity the Shekinah and "the Life of the universe" are only nourished by the eighteen blessings of Israel's prayer, but at the time he will be food for all."
"Whilst they were walking, R. Jose said to R. Eleazar: 'It has been said that with Rachel's death the house was transferred to Her who required to be adorned with twelve tribes. Nevertheless, why should Rachel have died immediately after the birth of Benjamin?' R. Eleazar in reply said: 'It was in order that the Shekinah should be duly crowned and take her place in the house as "a joyful mother of children". With Benjamin, the Shekinah was equipped with the full twelve tribes, and with him the kingdom of heaven began to be made manifest on earth. Now the beginning of any manifestation is brought about with strain, and involves a doom of death before it can become established. Here, when the Shekinah was about to assume her rightful place and to take over the house, the doom fell upon Rachel. Similarly, when the kingdom was about to be made manifest on earth, it commenced with a judgement, and the kingdom was not established in its place until a doom had fallen upon Saul, in accordance with his deserts; and only then was it established. It is a general rule that beginnings are rough, whereas the subsequent course is smooth. Thus, on New Year's day (Rosh-hashana) the year opens with severity, as the whole world passes under judgement, each individual according to his deeds, but soon after comes relief and forgiveness and atonement. The reason is that the beginning is from the left side, and so it brings harsh judgements, until the right side is aroused and ease follows. In time to come G-d will first treat the idolatrous nations gently and indulgently, but afterwards with severity and stern judgement. So Scripture says: "The Lord will go forth as a mighty one, he will stir up jealousy as a warrior; he will cry, yea, he will shout aloud, he will prove himself mighty against his enemies" (Isaiah 42:13); which interpreted means that first He will manifest Himself as YHVH (the Lord), in His attribute of mercy, then as a mighty one, but not in His full might, then as a warrior, but not in His full war panoply, and finally, His whole might will become manifest against them in order to exterminate them, so that "he will cry, yea, he will shout aloud, he will prove himself mighty against his enemies." Again, it is written: "Then shall the Lord go forth, and fight against those nations, as when he fighteth in the day of battle" (Zechariah 14:3). Also: "Who is this that cometh from Edom with crimson garments from Bozrah? etc." (Isaish 63:1).' AND IT CAME TO PASS, AS HER SOUL WAS IN DEPARTING FOR SHE DIED-THAT SHE CALLED HIS NAME BEN-ONI; BUT HIS FATHER CALLED HIM BENJAMIN. R. Judah discoursed on the verse: The Lord is good, a stronghold in the day of trouble; and he knoweth them that take refuge in him (Nahum I, 7). 'Happy', he said, 'is the man who finds his strength in the Holy One, blessed be He, since His strength is invincible. The Lord is indeed "good to all" (Psalm 145:9), "a stronghold", wherein is salvation, as we read: "He is a stronghold of salvation" (ibid. 28:8); "in the day of trouble", to wit, in the day of Israel's oppression at the hand of other nations. Now of him who relaxes his hold of the Holy One, blessed be He, it is written: "If thou art faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is straitened" (Proverbs 24:10), and the only way of holding firmly to God is to hold firmly to the Torah; for whosoever holds firmly to the Torah holds firmly to the tree of life, and, as it were, adds strength to the community of Israel. But if he relaxes his hold of the Torah, then, as it were, he presses hard the Shekinah, which is the strength of the world. Again, when a man relaxes his hold of the Torah and walks in the wrong path, ever so many enemies are ready at hand to act as his accusers in the day of trouble, nay, even his own soul, which is his power and strength, turns against him, and becomes his enemy, so that it may be said of him "thy strength becomes an enemy" (zar=enemy, or straitened).' Said R. Abba: 'When a man follows the guidance of the Torah and walks in the straight path, many are the advocates that rise up to say a good word for him. Thus we read: "If there be for him an angel, an intercessor, one among a thousand, to vouch for man's uprightness; then he is gracious unto him, and saith: Deliver him from the pit, I have found a ransom" (Job 33:23,24)."
7 And there came war in the heaven; Michael and his messengers did war against the dragon, and the dragon did war, and his messengers,
With verse 7 we begin to see a transition from a purely 'Beriatic level' vision, to one where events "play out" in time.
Traditional commentaries on this "battle" typically convey the idea of a "fight" between these two spiritual entities. However, we know that haSatan's role is that of "accuser" and this puts a different spin on what is going on "behind the scenes." This is alluded to in verse 9, where John uses the term "adversary," and also in verse 10 where he is called, "accuser of our brethren."
Author Raphael Patai, in his classic work, "The Messiah Texts" puts it as follows:
Part of the contest …- is not a combat between opposing powers … but a legal conflict between Michael, the celestial prince of Israel, and Samael, the celstial prince of Edom-Rome, epitomizing the nations of the world. Samael accuses Israel of the same sins for which Michael demands the punishment of Edom. Finally it is only G-d Himself who can present the clinching argument in defense of His children. This is in keeping with the old Jewish idea that the fate of Israel and the relations between Israel and the nations depend on the degree of piety of Israel.
'The Messiah Texts,' Raphael Patai, 1979, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, p. 90.
This idea is found in the Midrashim on Ruth and Exodus:
"AND IT CAME TO PASS, IN THE DAYS THAT THE JUDGES JUDGED (I, 1). R. Johanan introduced his exposition with the verse Hear, O My people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify against thee (Psalm 50:7). R. Johanan said: Evidence is given only in the hearing [of the defendant]. R. Judan b. R. Simon said: In the past, Israel had a name like all the nations, [for instance] And Sabta, and Raamah, and Sabteca (Genesis 10:7); henceforth they are called solely 'My people', thus: 'Hear, O My people, and I will speak': Whence have ye merited to be called ' My people' ? From the time of ' and I will speak', from that which ye uttered before Me at Sinai and said, All that the Lord hath spoken will we do, and hearken (Exodus 24:7). R. Johanan said ' Hear, O My people ', to that [which was said] in the past; 'and I will speak' in the future; 'Hear, O My people' in this world; 'and I will speak' in the World to Come, in order that I may have a retort to the princes of the nations of the world, who are destined to act as their prosecutors before Me, and say 'Lord of the Universe, they have served idols and we have served idols; they have been guilty of immorality and we have been guilty of immorality; they have shed blood and we have shed blood. Why do they go into the Garden of Eden while we descend to Gehenna? ' In that moment the defender of Israel keeps silence. That is the meaning of the verse And at that time shall Michael stand up (Daniel 12:1). Do they then as a rule sit in Heaven? Did not R. Hanina say, there is no sitting in Heaven, as it is written I came near unto one of ka'amaya (ib. 7:16), the meaning of this word ' ka'amaya ' being that stood by, as it is written, Above him stood the seraphim (Isaiah 6:2), and it s also written And all the host of heaven standing on His right hand and on His left (2Chronicles 18:18)? And yet the verse says 'shall [Michael] stand up'!.What then is the meaning here of 'stand up'? 'Stand silent,' as it is said, And shall I wait because they speak not, because they stand still, and answer no more? (Job 32:16). And the Holy One, blessed be He, says to him: ' Dost thou stand silent and hast no defence to offer for My people? By thy life, I will speak righteousness and save My people! ' With what righteousness? R. Eleazar and R. Johanan:-one says: The righteousness which ye wrought for My word in that ye accepted My Torah, for had ye not accepted My Torah, I should have caused the world to revert to void and desolation. For R. Huna said in the name of R. Aha: When the earth and all the inhabitants thereof are dissolved (Psalm 75:4) means that the world would long have gone into dissolution had not Israel stood before Mount Sinai. Who then set the world firmly upon its foundation? I myself establish the pillars of it (ib.). By the merit of 'I': I have established its pillars for ever. The other Rabbi says: By the righteousness which ye wrought unto yourselves in that ye accepted my Torah; for were it not for this, I should have caused thee to disappear from the nations.
Midrash Rabbah, Ruth – Prologue I
To what may Michael and Samael be compared? To an intercessor and an accuser before a tribunal: each speaks in turn, and when each has finished the intercessor sees that he has triumphed, and he begins to praise the judge that he may issue his verdict; and when the accuser wishes to add anything, the intercessor says to him: 'You remain quiet and let us hear the judge.' So also do Michael and Samael both stand before the Divine Presence; Satan accuses, while Michael points out Israel's virtues, and when Satan wishes to speak again, Michael silences him, because, as it says: I will hear what G-d the Lord will speak; for He will speak peace unto His people (Ps. 85:9). This is the meaning of: 'In the night I will call to remembrance my song' (ib. 77:7), referring to the miracle of Hezekiah.
Midrash Rabbah, Exodus 18:5
8 and they did not prevail, nor was their place found any more in the heaven;
The verse speaks of these evil entities being cast out of the heavens (Beriah). See comments to verse 12.
9 and the great dragon was cast forth — the old serpent, who is called `Devil,' and `the Adversary,' who is leading astray the whole world — he was cast forth to the earth, and his messengers were cast forth with him.
Verses 9 through 12 make a transition from a thematic Beriatic view, to the physical manifestation of "preordained" events.
The following text discusses how evil "descends" from the "Left" above when Israel's "faith" falters. The term "Community of Israel" is a reference to both the Shekinah and people of Israel (similar to the "woman" of verse 1 above). Again, we see the idea of events "above" and "below" being directly tied to one another:
"R. Abba discoursed on the passage beginning: "If thou know not, O thou fairest among women", etc. (Song of Songs 1:8). 'The Community of Israel', he said, 'is she that gathers in from all the camps above, and holds in all that she gathers, letting it escape only by drops like dew, because there is not sufficient faith below. For if She were to find faith as it is found in her, She would pour the light on every side without restraint, and they would give to her also gifts and presents without stint. But it is those of the lower world who restrain them and restrain her, and therefore she is called Azereth (the restrainer). Nevertheless, as a mother gives to her sons in secret and unbeknown, so she does with her children, Israel. We have learnt from the Sacred Lamp [Rabbi Shimon Ben Yohai of the Zohar], that when She ascends to receive delights and dainties, if then there is a blemish in Israel She is separated from her Spouse a fixed number of days. Then it is known above that there is a blemish in Israel and the Left awakens and lets down a thread below. Then Samael quickly rouses himself to assail the world, as it says, "And he called Esau his elder (lit. great) son" (Genesis 27:1). He is indeed great with the camps of the "other side" and he steers all the ships of the sea of accusations with the evil breeze to sink them in the depths of the sea. Now when the Holy One, blessed be He, is in merciful mood, He gives to him all the sins of Israel and he casts them into the depths of the sea-for so his camps are called-and they take them and flow with them to all other peoples. Are, then, the sins and guilt of Israel scattered among their people? The truth is that they wait for gifts from above like a dog at a table, and when G-d takes all the sins of Israel and throws them to them, they think that He is diverting from Israel the gifts which He intended to give them, and giving to them instead, and they straightway rejoice and throw them to the other peoples."
Zohar, Bemidbar 197a
10 And I heard a great voice saying in the heaven, `Now did come the salvation, and the power, and the reign, of our G-d, and the authority of His Messiah, because cast down was the accuser of our brethren, who is accusing them before our G-d day and night;
See Midrash Rabbah above in verse 7 for the dragon being the "accuser." Note that the accusations were made "before G-d," i.e., at the level of the Throne Room (Beriah). The process of rectification of each world (Beriah, Yetzirah, Asiyyah – as mentioned in our earlier chapter notes) is linked directly to the, "coming of the salvation, power and reign of G-d and authority of the Messiah."
11 and they did overcome him because of the blood of the Lamb, and because of the word of their testimony, and they did not love their life — unto death;
See comments on Smyrna in chapter 2 notes regarding those "faithful unto death." Viewing this as "overcoming" the accusations brought forth by Samael (haSatan), the brethren are able to do this due to a combination of two things:
the "blood of the lamb"
the word of their testimony
Two related principles of Judaism come into play here:
a better atonement provided to others by a tzaddik
associating oneself with that tzaddik in order to receive this benefit
Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzatton (the Ramchal) in his classic work, Derech Hashem, states that these concepts are fundamental to Judaism:
"… suffering and pain may be imposed on a tzaddik as an atonement for his entire generation. This tzaddik must then accept this suffering with love for the benefit of his generation, just as he accepts the suffering imposed upon him for his own sake. In doing so, he benefits his generation by atoning for it, and at the same time is himself elevated to a very great degree … In addition, there is a special, higher type of suffering that comes to a tzaddik who is even greater and more highly perfected than the ones discussed above. This suffering comes to provide the help necessary to bring about the chain of events leading to the ultimate perfection of mankind as a whole."
'Derech Hashem' (The Way of G-d), Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Feldheim Publishers, Jerusalem, 1997, p. 122.
The idea of the "shed blood of the tzaddik," is considered with regard to bringing atonement to others as seen in the Zohar, which directly associates this "one righteous person" with the "suffering servant" of Isaiah 53:
"Why is it that whenever sinners multiply in the world and punishment impends over the world, the virtuous among them are smitten for them, as we have learnt, that for the guilt of the generation the holy and righteous are seized upon? Why should this be? If because they do not reprove mankind for their evil deeds, how many are there who do reprove but are not listened to (though the righteous do humble themselves before them)? If it is in order that there may be no one to shield them, let them not die and let them not be seized for their sins, since it is a satisfaction to the righteous to see their destruction. He replied: It is true that for the guilt of the generation the righteous are seized upon, but we may explain this on the analogy of the limbs of the body. When all the limbs are in pain and suffering from sickness one limb has to be smitten in order that all may be healed. Which is the one? The arm. The arm is smitten and blood is drawn from it, and this is healing for all the limbs of the body. So men are like limbs of one body. When G-d desires to give healing to the world He smites one righteous man among them with disease and suffering, and through him gives healing to all, as it is written, "But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities… and with his stripes we are healed" (Isa. LIII, 5). A righteous man is never afflicted save to bring healing to his generation and to make atonement for it, for the "other side" prefers that punishment should light upon the virtuous man rather than on any other, for then it cares not for the whole world on account of the joy it finds in having power over him."
Rabbi Nachman drew a picture of close association between these things:
"One who attached himself to the true tzaddikim has true faith. Mashiach is the true tzaddik. One who accepts Mashiach will receive from him pure faith, and will not have misplaced his faith."
'Mashiach – Who? What? Why? How? Where? When?,' Chaim Kramer, Breslov Resarch Institute, Jerusalem, p. 86.
Attaining a 'better atonement through association with the tzaddik,' is done by walking according to the Torah. (i.e., 1John 2:3-6, Romans 3:31, Matthew 5:17-21). This is expressed in John chapter 6 via the idea of "drinking his blood and eating his flesh.' This is a figure of speech related to following Torah as a tzaddik teaches.
This is similar to what we see in the Tanya:
"Since through the knowledge of Torah the Torah is absorbed in the soul and intellect of the person and is encompassed within them, it is therefore called the "bread" and "food" of the soul. Just as physical bread nourishes the body when it is ingested and absorbed within it, and [when] it is transformed there into blood and flesh of one's own flesh, and only then will the body live and be sustained; similarly, through the knowledge and comprehension of Torah by the soul of a person who studies it well, with the concentration of his intellect, to the point where the Torah is grasped by his mind and is joined with him so that they become one, [the Torah thereby] becomes food for the soul. It becomes inner life for it, from the Fountainhead of life, the blessed Ein Sof, Who is clothed in His wisdom and Torah that are in [the soul] of the Torah student. This is the meaning of the verse, "Your Torah is in my inner parts,"meaning that Torah is food for the soul."
(See http://www.chabad.org/library/tanya/tanya_cdo/aid/7884/jewish/Chapter-5.htm)
John makes this clear in verse 17 below, where he plainly refers to the keeping of the Torah's commandments as a sign of being associated with the Messiah.
12 because of this be glad, ye heavens, and those in them who do tabernacle; wo to those inhabiting the land and the sea, because the Devil did go down unto you, having great wrath, having known that he hath little time.'
Three groups of inhabitants are mentioned here, those of the heavens (Beriah), the land (Asiyyah) and the sea (Yetzirah). The inhabitants of the heavens are made glad by the removal of the evil presence. Those of the lower realms are warned of his "arrival." This includes the human inhabitants of Asiyyah, as well as the angels of Yetzirah. Again. we are seeing a transition in the text from the world of Beriah to the lower worlds. This is reflected in the three series of judgments.
The following text reflects these themes:
"AND THE SERPENT. R. Isaac said: 'This is the evil tempter'. R. Judah said that it means literally a serpent. They consulted R. Simeon, and he said to them: 'Both are correct. It was Samael, and he appeared on a serpent, for the ideal form of the serpent is the Satan. We have learnt that at that moment Samael came down from heaven riding on this serpent, and all creatures saw his form and fled before him. They then entered into conversation with the woman, and the two brought death into the world. Of a surety Samael brought curses on the world through Wisdom and destroyed the first tree that G-d had created in the world. This responsibility rested on Samael until another holy tree came, namely Jacob, who wrested the blessings from him, in order that Samael might not be blessed above and Esau below. For Jacob was the reproduction of Adam, and he had the same beauty as Adam. Therefore as Samael withheld blessings from the first tree, so Jacob, who was such another tree as Adam, withheld blessings, both upper and lower, from Samael; and in doing so Jacob but took back his own. It is written: AND THE SERPENT WAS SUBTLE. This serpent is the evil tempter and the angel of death. It is because the serpent is the angel of death that it brought death to the world."
The idea of evil "intensifying" as its time grows short is described by Rabbi Nachman of Breslov in terms of the yetzer hara (evil inclination) which is often synonymous with haSatan:
"The Baal Shem Tov compared the evil inclination's "last stand" to a warrior who knows his end is near. An enemy who is dying throws everything he has into a last attempt to save the day."
'Mashiach – Who? What? Why? How? Where? When?,'Chaim Kramer, Breslov Resarch Institute, Jerusalem, p. 187.
"Horns of an ox" — as is written, (Deut. 33:17) "his horns are like those of an ox, with them he gores nations." The main idea refers to Mashiach ben Yosef, as the Gaon explains at length in his remarks on this verse (in his work Aderet Eliyahu), for Mashiach ben Yosef is in the line of Joshua, who took part in the war "the Lord wages against Amalek from generation to generation." The horns of an ox is refer to the war of Gog and Magog, which is divided into many parts, like the parable in the Midrash. In the parable, a king became angry at his son, and swore to throw a huge stone at him. Later on, he regretted what he had said, etc.It's an important principle that all pain and anguish that Israel suffers because of the nations of the world, generally and well as personally, even more so in connection with the ingathering of the exiles–all these decrease the amount and intensity of suffering during the war of Gog and Magog (see the beginning of the section on Efraim is My fistborn as is known). Happy are you, dear sons of Zion who stand in the breach against savage descendants of Hagar, as promised to us that Mashiach ben Yosef will gore nations, and the Lord will provide the salvation. Now the best and surest path and medicine to lighten, even remove all the tribulations of Gog and Magog and all the tribulations of Eretz Israel, is to correct one's conduct by setting up people of Truth in the Holy City. This will lead to the redemption of Truth and sanctification of the Holy Name, which are the main purpose of all our deeds during the beginning of the Redemption. We have already explained above that, according to the Gaon, while the footsteps of the Mashiach progress through the ingathering of the exiles, the Sitra Achra becomes stronger and stronger in his main purpose, which is to deny and uproot truth and righteousness, as our Sages have said: "during the footsteps of the Mashiach, truth will be missing" [Sota 49b], etc. In order to counter this, we must act and fight with all our strength with the help of God, to overcome the Sitra Achra with good deeds and with all the corrections, as noted and explained below."
Kol Hator, chapter 2
"The term "during the footsteps of the Mashiach, " which is used by our Sages, should be interpreted literally: during the time of the footsteps of the Mashiach and at its high point, i.e., at the height of the activities at the beginning of the Redemption — primarily the ingathering of the exiles, rebuilding Jerusalem, redemption of Truth and sanctification of God's name, as noted above–during this time the Sitra Achra will become more powerful in attempting to disturb and precipitate failure by uprooting the truth and preventing sanctification of God. This is what is meant by "who taunted the footsteps of Your Mashiach [Ps. 89:52]" How strong is the force of the Sitra Achra that he managed to hide from the eyes of our holy forefathers the danger of the klipot layers: from the eyes of our forefather Abraham, the klipa of Ismael; from the eyes of our forefather Isaac, the klipa of Esau; and from the eyes of our forefather Jacob, the klipa of the terafim. During the footsteps of the Mashiach, the Sitra Achra becomes even stronger, in order to strike Biblical scholars with blindness."
Beginning with verse 13, John "repeats" the theme of the dragon seeking to destroy the offspring of the woman and her being protected by G-d — only the scene takes place in the physical realm. In this case, no immediate mention is made of her child being "taken up" to G-d.
13 And when the dragon saw that he was cast forth to the earth, he pursued the woman who did bring forth the male,
14 and there were given to the woman two wings of the great eagle, that she may fly to the wilderness, to her place, where she is nourished a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent;
The reference to a "time," "times" and "half a time," may again be understood as related to the "forty-two months" in terms of 1 year, 2 years and a half year. the woman is said to protected from the "face" of the serpent, which again is allusion to its physical manifestation.
The "wilderness" mentioned in verse 14 may include an area outside of Israel as the Shekinah is said to follow Israel outside of the land with regard to protecting them:
"Jacob said when he saw them, etc." (Genesis 32:3). It was from these angels that he sent a mission to Esau, as it says: "And Jacob sent angels" (mal'akhim).' R. Isaac said: 'Why, in one place in the Psalms does it say "The angel of the Lord encampeth round about them that fear him and delivereth them" (Psalm 34:8), in the singular, and in another place, "For he will give his angels charge over thee" (ibid. 91:11), in the plural? The reason is that the term "angels" is a reference to angels proper, whereas in the verse: "The angel of the Lord encampeth", the reference is to the Shekinah, as in the verse: "And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush" (Exodus 3:2). Thus "the angel of the Lord encampeth round about those who fear him" to deliver them; and when the Shekinah abides within a man, ever so many holy legions rally round him. David uttered this verse when he escaped from Achish the king of Gath, because the Shekinah encompassed him and delivered him from Achish and his people, and all those who assailed him. It is written in the same connection: "And he feigned himself mad (vayitholel) in their hands" (ISamuel 21:14). The term vayitholel here, in place of the more usual vayishtagea', contains an allusion to the kindred term used formerly by David when he said: "For I was envious of the madmen (holelim)" (Psalm 52:3). G-d thus said in effect to David: "As thou livest, since thou enviest madmen, thou thyself wilt yet be driven to play the madman"; and so it came to pass when he was brought before Achish and his life was in danger; he then "feigned himself mad (vayitholel) in their hand", that is, he behaved like one of those madmen (holelim) whom he had once envied; and only then did the Shekinah come to his rescue. How, it may be asked, could this be, seeing that the Shekinah abides only in her own heritage, the Holy Land? The answer is that from there only she bestows blessings, but for purposes of protection she is to be found elsewhere also. So here, when Jacob departed from Laban, all the holy legions surrounded him, so that he was not left by himself."
15 and the serpent did cast forth after the woman, out of his mouth, water as a river, that he may cause her to be carried away by the river,
In kabbalistic literature, "water" is often an allusion to the "watery" mixed realm of Yetzirah. The concept of "rivers" has to do with the idea of transmission of power from a higher to lower realm:
Another reason why he told him to perform the miracle of the serpent was because Pharaoh was like a serpent, as it is said: The great dragon that lieth in the midst of his rivers (Ezekiel 29:3).
Midrash Rabbah, Exodus 9:4
R. Hiya asked R. Jose: 'As the Holy One knew that the Egyptian magicians were able to turn their rods into serpents, why did He command Moses and Aaron to perform this sign before Pharaoh? There was nothing wonderful in this to him.' R. Jose replied: 'Pharaoh's dominion originated with the Serpent, and therefore his punishment commenced with the serpent. When the magicians saw it they rejoiced because they knew that they could do the same, but then Aaron's serpent turned into a dry rod again, as it says, "and Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods". Then they were astonished, realizing that there was a superior Power on earth. Thus Aaron showed in fact a double sign, one above and one below: one above, by showing to Pharaoh that there was a higher Serpent which ruled over theirs, and one below by making wood subdue their serpents. Do not think that the magicians' performance was mere make-believe: their rods actually did "become serpents". It is written: "Behold, I am against thee, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great dragon (tanin) that lies in the midst of his rivers" (Ezekiel 29:4). It is from there that the Egyptian magicians derived their power of witchcraft, but the source of their wisdom was the lowest of all grades.' Observe that their wisdom consisted in subjecting the lowest grades to higher grades, the chiefs of their dominion. These in turn derive their power from the Dragon underneath whom they are situated, as is indicated by the phrase, "who is behind the mill " (Exodus 11:5).
Zohar, Shemoth 28a
The following text delves deeper into the theme of "dragons and rivers," decribing a total of ten dragons and ten rivers. This may be seen as associated with the ten horns of the dragon mentioned in verse 3:
"R. Simeon continued: 'It is now fitting to reveal mysteries connected with that which is above and that which is below. Why is it written here, "Come (bo) unto Pharaoh"? Ought it not rather to have said "go" (lekh)? It is to indicate that the Holy One, blessed be He, guided Moses through a labyrinth right into the abode of a certain supernal mighty dragon-that is to say, Egypt's celestial representative – from whom many lesser dragons emanate. Moses was afraid to approach him, because his roots are in supernal regions, and he only approached his subsidiary streams. When the Holy One saw that Moses feared the dragon, and that none of the supernal messengers was able to overcome him, He proclaimed: "Behold, I am against thee, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great dragon (tanim) that lieth in the midst of his rivers, which hath said: My river is my own, and I have made it for myself" (Ezekiel 29:3). Yea, truly, the Lord Himself had to war against this dragon, and no lesser being. This is the mystery of the "great dragon" for those who are familiar with the esoteric lore.' Said R. Simeon further: 'It is written: "And G-d created the great dragons (taninim) and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind" (Genesis 1:21). This verse', he said, 'we have already discussed, but the words "He created the great dragons" contain a yet more special and particular mystery: they refer to the Leviathan and his mate, which last was slain and is preserved by the Holy One for the regaling of the righteous (in the days of the Messiah). The great dragon reposes between nine rivers, the waters of which are turbulent; and there is a tenth river whose waters are calm, and into the depth of which the blessings of the waters of Paradise descend three times a year. Into this river the dragon enters, making there his habitation; and thence he sallies forth and swims down to the sea, and devours there fish of all kinds, and then returns again to the river. The nine swift rivers are banked by trees and fringed with flowers. The parent river issued from the Left Side and from it three drops fell into a certain channel, and each of the three was divided again into three, and every drop became a river. These are the nine rivers which flow through all the firmaments. And from the final moisture that remained when all the drops had issued forth yet another drop was formed, which issued gently, and of this drop was formed that tenth river, which flows calmly. Into this river also flows a drop from the blessings poured forth from the Right side by the "perennially flowing stream", and it is greater than all the rest. When the four rivers which flow out of the Garden of Eden divide, the one called Pison flows into and is fused with the calm tenth river of which we have spoken. Out of the calm river, thus augmented, are fed and filled all the other rivers; in each of which a dragon dwells, so that the number of the dragons is nine. And each of these nine has a hole in his head, and the great dragon as well, because each of them emits breath upwards and not downwards. It is written: "In the beginning G-d created…" and also "And G-d created the great dragons". This indicates that all the ten acts of Creation had their counterpart in these ten rivers, on each of which one of the dragons breathes heavily. Now, that great dragon, when he raises his fins, heaves up the waters around him, and all the earth is shaken and all the lesser dragons, and this takes place every seventy years.' Said R. Simeon: 'Verily, though the members of the Fellowship are students of the story of Creation, having knowledge of its wonders and perception of the paths of the Holy One, blessed be He, yet even among them there are few who know how to interpret it in connection with the mystery of the great dragon."
Zohar, Shemoth 34a, 34b
16 and the land did help the woman, and the land did open its mouth and did swallow up the river, that the dragon did cast forth out of his mouth;
The following texts link G-d "swallowing up death" to His removal of the power of the serpent which seeks to polute Israel:
"Therefore a man should be on his guard on every side against the side of this evil serpent, which otherwise will gain the better of him. G-d has promised one day to remove it from this world, as it is written, "I will cause the unclean spirit to pass out of the land" (Zechariah 13:2), and also "He will swallow up death for ever" (Isaiah 25:8).'
"The Holy One, blessed be He, will one day sweep away the unclean spirit, as it is written, "And the unclean spirit I will cause to pass out of the land" (Zechariah 13:2), and further, "He will swallow up death for ever, and the Lord G-d will wipe away tears from all faces, and the reproach of his people will he take away from off all the earth, for the Lord hath spoken it" (Isaiah 25:8). The Holy One, blessed be He, will also one day restore the moon to its full light, and dissipate the darkness brought on her by the evil serpent, as it is written, "And the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of the seven days" (Ibid. 30:26), the reference here being to the primordial light which the Holy One, blessed be He, stored away during the period of the creation."
17 and the dragon was angry against the woman, and went away to make war with the rest of her seed, those keeping the commands of G-d, and having the testimony of Yeshua the Messiah.
The "keeping of the commands of G-d" (the Torah) is of paramount importance with regard to protection during these dark times:
"R. Hiya and R. Hizkiah were once sitting underneath a tree in the field of Ono. R. Hiya fell into a slumber and beheld Elijah. He said to him: 'The whole field is illumined with your presence.' Elijah answered: 'I am come to tell you that Jerusalem is about to be laid waste together with all the towns of the sages, for the reason that Jerusalem is the embodiment of judgement, and is preserved by judgement, and now judgement demands its destruction; and Samael has already been given power over it and over its mighty ones. I have therefore come to advise the sages thereof so that they may try to obtain for Jerusalem some years of grace. For so long as knowledge of the Torah is found therein it will be spared, the Torah being the tree of life by which all live. But when the study of the Torah ceases below, the tree of life disappears from the world. Hence so long as the sages cling to the Torah, Samael has no power over them, as Scripture says: "The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau" (Genesis 27:22). The voice is the Torah, which is termed the voice of Jacob, and so long as that voice pours forth, the utterance also dominates and prevails (over the hands of Esau). Hence the study of the Torah should never cease." | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,920 |
Starting Five: Jets To Brazil
by Half Cloth · June 30, 2017
More or less an opportunity for the Internet to tell us we're wrong, Starting Five is also a challenge: choose five essential songs, films, or books that get to the heart of bands, filmmakers, and writers that we love. Today, in honor of Jade Tree's reissue of the band's discography on vinyl, we're re-posting our feature on Jets To Brazil.
"Morning New Disease", from Orange Rhyming Dictionary
Two years removed from the dissolution of the beloved Jawbreaker, Jets To Brazil formed around the core of Jawbearker singer/songwriter Blake Schwarzenbach, Texas Is The Reason drummer Chris Daly, and bassist/Cub Country founder Jeremy Chatelain (second guitarist Brian Maryansky would join later). Orange Rhyming Dictionary, the band's first album, was a taut, prickly combination of post-hardcore, Brit-Pop, and indie rock. Only partially predictive of the more lush, pensive surfaces to come on Four Cornered Night and Perfecting Loneliness, the album is nevertheless a fascinating transitional work, caught between the spiked irony of Jawbreaker's final album, the once-rejected and now-adored Dear You, and the gentler records to come. As such, "Morning New Disease," the barbed second track from Orange Rhyming Dictionary is perhaps most representative of the album, and, more broadly, its place in Schwarzenbach's four-decade discography. Variably dissonant and tuneful, nervy and gentle, sporting jagged verses and hushed, rich choruses "Morning New Disease" epitomized the complex, expansive approach of Jets To Brazil.
"You're Having The Time Of My Life", from Four Cornered Night
Listening to the song fourteen years later, one can't help but hear the crystalline arpeggios that begin "You're Having The Time Of My Life" as a sort of bright, immediate statement of purpose. Beginning an album full of just the kind of partly-cloudy guitar pop that the song's spangling introduction evokes, the opening notes of "You're Having The Time Of My Life" have the quality of the first few seconds of "At Your Funeral" or the short monologue of "Worms Of The Senses / Faculties Of The Skull". It's a statement of arrival. The rest of the song follows in kind, sweetening the edgy fractiousness of Orange Rhyming Dictionary to something more closely resembling the proportions of Jawbreaker's 24 Hour Revenge Therapy. Built around swing-timed strums and an all-time great chorus from a song-writer who more or less specialized in great choruses, "You're Having The Time Of My Life" might be the Jets To Brazil song – witty, droll, a bit punch-drunk, and eminently hummable. The introduction to Four Cornered Night also served as our introduction to Jets To Brazil, even if it came an album late.
"In The Summer's When You Really Know", from Four Cornered Night
If "You're Having The Time Of My Life" established Jets To Brazil's central motif of bittersweet emo shaped to classic-pop templates, then the affecting, autumnal ballad, "In The Summer's When You Really Know" underlined just how wide-ranging and emotionally sophisticated Blake Schwarzenbach's writing had become. Pairing the punk legend's knack for evocative detail ("Summer dress, your hair's wet and gets into our kisses") with a warm arrangement of piano, strings, and an especially responsive performance from drummer Chris Daly, "In The Summer's When You Really Know" (perhaps sadly) felt like a daring bit of honesty from the band, who, by this point, were already dealing with the limited imaginations of an audience who simply wanted more Jawbreaker. Which of course means that there are in fact few songs more "punk" than "In The Summer's When You Really Know," a gorgeously-appointed six minutes of wistful pop sincerity.
"Perfecting Loneliness", from Perfecting Loneliness
Borrowing the minor-key shards of "London Calling" and setting them to a cycling post-punk beat, "Perfecting Loneliness" arrives as a surprisingly bitter note in the otherwise sweet acceptance of the album for which its named. Though Schwarznebach rarely (if ever) commented (either in song or in interviews) on the acrimony coming from Jawbreaker fans who doggedly ignored Jets to Brazil, one can't help but read a certain kind of bilious statement of purpose in lines like "The radio is playing our tune I love it could you turn it down?." While "Perfecting Loneliness," like most of the attendant album, is seemingly more concerned with the difficulties of interpersonal connection ("It used to be a hundred a way to put my arms around you / Every one seemed new, natural, and true / Perfecting loneliness till nothings holding us"), it's hard to ignore the song's bite, especially considering the salience of such an angular, tense arrangement on an album like Perfecting Loneliness, otherwise defined by dulcet pianos and brushed snares. Yet considering the ways in which Jets To Brazil fearlessly defied expectations and ignored punk-cred rolled eyes, perhaps there's perverse perfection in the band spiking its final, most lovely album with one last four minute burst of whittled punk.
"You're The One I Want", from Perfecting Loneliness
Considering that this entire list could consist of songs culled from Jets To Brazil's breathtaking final album, Perfecting Loneliness (one of the most underrated of the decade), the task becomes figuring out where exactly the beating heart of the record's lushly symphonic emo balladry lies. In that sense, the album's swooning, sweeping second track, "You're The One I Want," is absolutely essential. Featuring a top-5 performance from Schwarzenbach, whose voice was never warmer or more in-tune with the charmed sadness of his own narratives, and offering deeply affecting moments in the songs' changes from husky indie-rock verses to brilliantly ornate, string-haloed choruses (Superchunk might have gotten to the title "Here's Where The Strings Come In" first, but it best describes the swelling quartet harmonies of "You're The One I Want"), "You're The One" is a chamber-pop marvel. To this point more comfortable with the diffusion of irony and opacity, Schwarzenbach is disarmingly direct here: "You've grown more beautiful since you took off / What can I do? I'm in love with you, and it won't stop." Setting the pleasant half-melancholy that would serve as the dominant mood for Perfecting Loneliness, "You're The One I Want" finds the entire band at the absolute height of their powers, making cinematic punk romanticism as expansive as a nighttime horizon.
Tags: EmoJade Tree RecordsJawbreakerJets to Brazil | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,921 |
Q: Checking for code plagiarism with JavaScript I was wondering how I can detect code plagiarism with Javascript. I want to test assignment submissions for homework I'm going to hand out.
I've looked at using MOSS, but—from what I've heard—it's pretty poor for anything other than C. Unfortunately, I can't test it yet because I don't have submissions.
How can I go about detecting code plagiarism with JavaScript?
A: They claim that MOSS works on Javascript. Why don't you just try it. Write a Javascript file, then modify it, like a cheater would modify somebody elses code and feed it to MOSS to see what it says?
A: I build Clone detection tools, that find similar blocks of code across files.
See CloneDR overview
and example reports. CloneDR works for a wide variety of languages, and uses
the langauge structure to makethe clone detection efficient and effective.
A: As per yar's comment pasting chunks of javascript into Google will work pretty well - but is stopping them cheating realistic?
Could you split the task into two parts, the first part allowing them to 'cheat' if they want to but tell them that there will be a second part of the task in class. Then have the class do exactly the same task in supervised class time.
If everyone has 'cheated' first time that's one thing. But if anyone is unable to redo their homework in class then they a) cheated (which is bad enough) and b) learnt nothing (which is worse).
Using the internet to 'research' is always going to happen - but its the ones who forget their 'research' that are cheating both you and themselves.
A: I wouldn't go out of my way to try and run through a plagiarism checker.
Code is code and bad code is bad code. People who can't code (those who are more likely to copy/paste code**) generally don't have good code. Difficulties (and questionable approaches around them) will be easily detectable if you even take a few seconds to check the source. Something just won't match up and it should smack you in the face.
**I would argue that adapted code isn't plagiarized unless it violates the authors distribution intent (e.g. violates copyright or license) and would encourage the students to simply document which existing resources, if any, they used as a base and/or incorporated as well as to encourage them to understand and adapt the code to fit their needs (and to make it better, so much code out there is soup). I do this all the time for "real programming work". Of course, it's not my curriculum :-)
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 9,922 |
Jonathan Bygraves in misc 23/12/2007 286 Words
Ellen Page – the new [insert name here]
I see that Roger Ebert has made Juno his film of the year (though we in the UK won't get to see it until February 2008). Whilst other critical opinion may be divided as to whether it is any good or not, there seems to be a groundswell of opinion that Ellen Page, the 20 year-old Canadian star of the film, is in line for Golden Globe and Oscar recognition for her central performance.
Page is indeed a very talented young actress; her turn in David Slade's 2005 shocker Hard Candy was sensational, showing a maturity beyond her meagre years etc etc etc… But what is the media's obsession with calling her 'the new Natalie Portman' or 'the new Winona Ryder'? This seems to be a curiously female phenomenon: is anyone ever seriously referred to as 'the new George Clooney', for instance? Okay, so I recall that Brad Pitt was once labelled 'the new Robert Redford' but no-one seemed to take that at all seriously. But we get 'Scarlett Johansson is the new Marilyn Monroe', 'Angelina Jolie is the new Elizabeth Taylor', 'Naomi Watts is the new Nicole Kidman', and Nicole Kidman is seemingly the new practically-fucking-everybody.
The idea that young actresses must follow in the footsteps of those who have gone before is patronising at best, and sexist at worst, and as simplistically narrow-minded as, for instance, labelling an up-and-coming black comedian "the new Richard Pryor" or "the new Eddie Murphy" by virtue of their skin colour alone. Stop it, please. It's plain lazy.
Juno, by the way, looks really good, somewhat akin to Terry Zwigoff's 2001 adaptation of Ghost World, a film I like very very much. So I guess that makes Ellen Page the new Thora Birch.
2007: A Year in Film
Ten reasons to go to the cinema in 2008 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,923 |
I Piovene furono una famiglia aristocratica vicentina.
Storia
La famiglia trae il nome da Piovene, oggi Piovene Rocchette, un piccolo centro del Vicentino dove fin dal basso medioevo e in età moderna avevano vasti possedimenti. Fecero parte della nobiltà di Vicenza ancor prima che la città si sottomettesse alla Repubblica di Venezia (1404) ed erano decorati con il titolo di conti da tempo immemorabile.
La famiglia si distinse anche sotto la Serenissima dando un gran numero di comandanti militari, uomini politici e ambasciatori: tra essi spicca Guido Piovene, signore di Drosia che, nel secolo XVI, conseguì per sé e per la propria discendenza varie prerogative militando al servizio di sovrani europei, quali i duchi di Savoia, i re di Francia e l'imperatore Carlo V.
Il 31 gennaio 1654 fu aggregata al patriziato veneziano versando centomila ducati per rimpinguare le casse dello Stato impegnato nella guerra di Candia. Nel marzo 1797 le venne riconosciuto anche l'antico titolo comitale.
Dopo la caduta della Serenissima e l'istituzione del Regno Lombardo-Veneto, con SS. RR. del 18 dicembre 1817 e del 14 luglio 1820 il governo imperiale austriaco confermò alla famiglia Piovene rispettivamente la nobiltà e la dignità di conti dell'Impero d'Austria. Un ramo collaterale di questo casato, non aggregato al patriziato veneziano ma iscritto al Consiglio nobile di Vicenza, ottenne la conferma della propria nobiltà con le SS. RR. 25 agosto 1811, 5 maggio e 22 settembre 1820.
Membri illustri
Cesare Piovene (1533 – 1570), militare
Guido Piovene (1907 – 1974), scrittore e giornalista
Luoghi e architetture
A Vicenza:
Palazzo da Porto Piovene, in corso Palladio
Palazzo Piovene Orgian, in contrà Riale, angolo stradella San Giacomo: architettura severa di fine Seicento e inizio Settecento, opera dell'architetto vicentino Giuseppe Marchi
Palazzo Piovene, in contrà San Faustino 17, realizzato su disegno di Carlo Greco nel 1823
Palazzo Barbieri Vajenti Piovene Cicogna, in contrà San Marco 41
Palazzetto Franceschini Piovene, in contrà Porti 24
Palazzo Sesso Piovene, in contrà Zanella
Palazzo Piovene all'Isola, sul Retrone, costruito nel 1569 nell'ambito di una complessiva riqualificazione di tutta l'area mercantile dell'Isola, demolito nel 1818
Palazzo Piovene, demolito, sul sito ora occupato da palazzo Repeta, in piazza San Lorenzo
Altare Piovene, nella navata sinistra della chiesa di San Lorenzo, a Vicenza
Nella provincia di Vicenza:
Villa Nervi Negri Piovene, a Mussolente
Villa Piovene, a Lonedo di Lugo di Vicenza
Villa Fracanzan Piovene, a Orgiano
Villa Godi Piovene, a Grumolo delle Abbadesse
Villa Piovene, a Brendola
A Venezia:
Palazzo Soranzo Piovene, a Cannaregio
Note
Voci correlate
Palazzi di Vicenza
Altri progetti
Famiglie del patriziato veneziano
Famiglie vicentine | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 9,924 |
You can imagine why Democrats might be jealous.
The big story on their side of the aisle in this presidential election is a candidate widely viewed to be both a prohibitive frontrunner and sort of boring—even by her backers, and even if her candidacy is historic because she is a woman. Meanwhile, the Republicans have Donald Trump!
Really, though, there's no reason that Democrats can't have their own Trump. What it would take? Well, first, you'd need someone with money—a lot of money.
Say, about $3 billion dollars. He or she would need to have spoken out on political issues in the past, but never have actually run for office or been seriously involved in politics. This person would also have donated money to candidates of both parties. Ideally, that political involvement might involve some controversial comments about race, and accusations of political naïveté.
The candidate would have to be from one of New York's outer boroughs, obviously. An inept stint as owner of a professional sports team would be good, too.
He is Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks. Net worth? $3 billion, per Forbes. Political dabbling? Check. Donations to both parties? He hasn't done much for Republicans, but he did give to John McCain in 2000, so it counts.
Even better, his name is already being floated for president. The first major mention came, weirdly enough, in the New York Times column in which Maureen Dowd broke the news that Joe Biden was still considering a presidential run. "Potent friends of America's lord of latte, Howard Schultz, have been pressing him to join the Democratic primary, thinking the time is right for someone who's not a political lifer.
For the passionate 62-year-old—watching the circus from Seattle—it may be a tempting proposition," she wrote, but the morsel was somewhat overlooked beside the Biden tidings.
Schultz himself writes in Thursday's Times that he's not running. "Despite the encouragement of others, I have no intention of entering the presidential fray. I'm not done serving at Starbucks," Schultz writes.
But Schultz's denial is hardly Shermanesque, concluding with a somewhat cryptic anecdote about a rabbi and worthiness. His description of the sort of leader he believes America needs sounds a lot like, well, Howard Schultz. He calls for "servant leadership," including "putting others first and leading from the heart." He says leaders need to appeal to civility and humility.
Those are just the sorts of initiatives Schultz has trumpeted. Remember Starbucks's "Come Together" campaign during the the 2013 government shutdown? Or "Race Together," the well-intentioned but ill-fated post-Ferguson push for a race conversation? As The Seattle Times notes, political engagement has been a surprising hallmark of his second stint as Starbucks CEO, and the Puget Sound Business Journal says it's heard this kind of rumor before.
Of course, it's unfair to compare Schultz to Trump for any number of reasons. Schultz is inherently a more serious person, and he's been more politically consistent over the years. He also probably couldn't pull off what Trump is doing on the campaign trail right now—who could?
But a Schultz campaign, or even the fantasy of such a thing, mirrors the Trump phenomenon in the GOP. As Republican leaders seek to modernize the party, they're pushing the party to accept comprehensive immigration reform, reach out to minority voters, and seek accommodation on social issues like gay marriage, which they believe the party needs to put behind it.
But many Republican voters still care a lot about these issues and don't take kindly to having them nudged toward the dustbin. Trump has succeeded by capitalizing on this grievance and on voters' dislike of GOP mandarins—something he's uniquely suited to do as an outsider.
The Democratic Party is in flux, too, as the centrist legacy of Bill Clinton seems to give way to a party enthralled by Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. The result is a party that is more confrontational, and more concerned about economic justice and social justice, and more willing to pick fights with corporate America. It's easy to see why that direction wouldn't appeal to someone like Schultz, an executive who sees himself bringing people together.
Patrons sit in a Starbucks Coffee shop in central London December 3, 2012.
Forget about shaky-handed Frappuccino addicts, though. Would Schultz's own baristas vote for him, the Seattle alt-weekly The Stranger wondered? "I would need to see his platform," one barista said with a shrug and a smile.
Schultz perfectly represents a portion of the Democratic Party that risks being left behind in this shift: bien-pensant big-city progressives, who are socially liberal, fiscally corporatist, and rhetorically gauzy. In other words, he's the fantasy candidate of groups like AmericansElect, the failed 2012 attempt to select a Michael Bloomberg-style third-party alternative. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,925 |
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Motivation, management and business success
Officeworks
Zoom2u founder and CEO, Steve Orenstein and Open co-founder and joint CEO, Jonathan Buck
No man is an island. While the maxim might be more appropriately phrased as no person is an island, the essence remains the same: none of us exists without the support of those around us. It's an idea that's especially true in business. It's vital that business leaders provide the right environment to inspire and motivate their employees as we all work toward the common goal of business success. In the shadow of two pandemic-affected years, approaching people management and motivation in an effective way has never been more important.
Equality and trust
For Jonathan Buck, co-founder and joint CEO of digital insurance provider Open, levelling the playing field has been a key to the business's success. "The idea of equality and lack of hierarchy is motivating because it makes everyone feel they have a role to play and they have a voice," Buck says. Even as the business grows, Buck avoids issuing strict directives, preferring to trust his employees (a term he actually shies away from) to make their own decisions.
For Buck, when coupled with clear communication of the business's direction, autonomy and equality can be invigorating. "Empower people," says Buck. "Everyone we employ, they are smart, capable adults who can think for themselves, solve problems, and can provide value to the business. If you can create clarity in what the business is trying to do, about what we hope you as a person in the business can achieve for it, and then empower that person to go ahead and find ways of doing that, I think that's very motivating."
Adapting to changing priorities
If business leaders are truly listening to their employees, they'll know the importance of a hybrid working model. Post-lockdown, splitting work between the office and home has become something of a non-negotiable in terms of worker priorities. "What we're seeing is that employers are recognising this is what employees want," says Officeworks managing director Sarah Hunter in a recent article in the Sydney Morning Herald. "And so, it's going to become — and has already started to become — a really core part of their employment proposition."
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In facilitating the shift in employee priorities, Officeworks has moved to make working from anywhere easier, launching a new online service called Flexiworks. The program will allow employers to subsidise workers purchasing equipment such as ergonomic desks and chairs, through their own online tailored platform.
For Steve Orenstein, founder and CEO of delivery platform Zoom2u, getting the best out of remote workers means being available and trying to bridge that distance. "Try to make sure that you keep in touch and you have those in-person check-ins," Orenstein says. "Doing one-on-ones is important and I think making sure that everyone is really clear on their goals and what they're trying to achieve is important."
Recognising achievements
When work is good, businesses should provide employees with positive reinforcement. "I think it's important to provide recognition for people that have achieved things," says Orenstein. At Zoom2u, that means regular catch-ups to celebrate hard work and positive results. "Every quarter we'll have a team meeting and say 'this is what we've done in the last quarter, these are the key milestones, and these are the people that helped to do that' and we'll have some awards for the staff members. Those awards are really useful, because people feel recognised for the hard work that they've done."
Seeking employee feedback
Effective people management can be proactive, but it also requires a deft response to any criticisms or negative feedback. For Buck, employee engagement correlates with motivation, so it's important to be able to capture the feedback of employees and respond accordingly. "We do quarterly engagement surveys," Buck says. "That gives us an idea of how engaged people are across the business. We love the high engagement scores we get, but really the most valuable thing from those surveys is where we're not doing so well so we can improve."
As Zoom2u grows, Orenstein can spend less personal time hearing the individual goals and priorities of his employees. That understanding will now come from HR and people management software. "We're getting close to 100 staff members and obviously spending one on one time, for me, is impossible," says Orenstein. "Having a tool that allows us to measure that and see that from a group point of view down to the detail of the individual and identifying what that looks like is super important."
What do the experts imagine our next normal will look like? Watch our recent SmartCompany webinar in partnership with Officeworks, available on-demand now.
READ NOW: Sustainability. circular economics and love: What's trending in 2022 and beyond
Officeworks is Australia's leading retailer of office supplies, technology, furniture, education resources, art supplies and Print & Create. Officeworks offers more than 40,000 products on its website, catering to micro, small and medium business customers to help them start, run and grow their business. With everyday low prices on quality products and services, including tech-support by Geeks2U, you'll find everything you need at Officeworks.
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Shane Mauss launched his "Stand Up Science" tour to marry his comedy to his science-based podcast, "Here We Are." Bruce Smith
While the idea for "Stand Up Science" is a recent development, the seeds of the comedy show were planted in both his stand-up and his other endeavors. Mauss' second recorded stand-up special, 2014's "Mating Season," occasionally touched on elements of biology and evolutionary psychology to shed a humorous light on people's romantic and sexual interactions. After shattering both of his heels from an accident on a hiking trip, his next stand-up special (aptly titled "My Big Break") the following year talked about concepts like negativity bias when reflecting on his recovery.
Part of why science was seeping into his stand-up came courtesy of his weekly podcast "Here We Are," that finds Mauss sitting down with scientists and researchers from across the globe. Over the course of more than 200 episodes since 2014, Mauss has had experts on to discuss topics ranging from conservation and physical attraction to artificial intelligence and marketing. Eventually, Mauss tried to find a way to take a modified version of these conversations out on the road.
"I've been doing traditional stand-up comedy for 15 years and I'm always looking to experiment and push myself to try new things," he said. "This was just a way to explore some bigger ideas on stage."
The concept of "Stand Up Science" is somewhat self-explanatory. It's half stand-up, half science. The stand-up portion comes from Mauss serving as host and performing a short 12-15-minutes set along with another fellow comedian. The science comes from Mauss reaching out to a pair of local academics to come in and give a presentation in similar length on a subject in their specific field of expertise. Every show ends with a panel discussion, where audience members ask the academics questions that usually leads to answers from the academics that Mauss said "will create a new lens for people to see different aspects of the world through," all while Mauss and the other comedian will use a "comedian eye" to find the laughs whenever they can.
Mauss said this is the first time he has ever hosted and produced a show on his own. He's been excited by the audience reactions and interactions. He thinks it is a showcase that will prove to be enlightening and entertaining for today's savvier comedic audiences.
"It got a better response than pretty much any show I have ever done in my entire 15-year career. And I think a lot of it is because it's a really prime time for something like this," he said. "This is something that ... doesn't stop at the end of the show. Hopefully, people carry that information and some of the jokes they heard during the show with them and that gives them some interesting fodder for conversations."
If you go: "Stand Up Science" with Shane Mauss
When: March 18, 7 p.m. door, 8 p.m. show
Tickets: $15 advance, 18 and older
Where: Cosmic Charlie's, 105 W. Loudon Ave.
Online: cosmic-charlies.com
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Where to begin? It's been a busy old year on all fronts and now it's time to see what you remember of it all.
Four parts in total, part one below. Scroll down for two, three and four. And don't forget to share your scores. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,928 |
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › District Courts › New York › Southern District of New York › 2017 › Anderson v. The City Of New York , et al › Filing 55
Anderson v. The City Of New York , et al, No. 1:2016cv02583 - Document 55 (S.D.N.Y. 2017)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM AND ORDER granting 46 Motion to Disqualify Counsel. For the reasons set forth above, the defendants' motion to disqualify the Lamonsoff Firm is granted. This action is stayed for thirty days to give Mr. Anderson time to retain new counsel. SO ORDERED. (Attorney Jessica Massimi terminated.) (Signed by Magistrate Judge James C. Francis on 9/29/2017) Copies Transmitted this Date By Chambers. (anc) Modified on 9/29/2017 (anc).
Anderson v. The City Of New York , et al Doc. 55 Dockets.Justia.com Background Mr. Anderson alleges that on April 17, 2014, the defendants assaulted him in his cell at the MDC, striking and kicking him on his back, arms, legs, and body. (Complaint, ¶¶ 15, 20-21). He alleges that the defendants then made falsely represented to the New York County District Attorney's Office that he instigated the altercation by attacking the officers, which caused him to be charged with assault, among other crimes. (Complaint, ¶¶ 22-28). The charges, which were ultimately dismissed, caused him to be incarcerated for an additional seven months. (Complaint, ¶ 29). CO Grant denies making false statements to the District Attorney's Office and contends that Mr. Anderson did in fact assault the officers, justifying their use of force. (Deposition of Shawn Grant dated July 20, 2017 ("Grant Dep."), attached as Exh. D to Declaration of Christopher G. Arko dated Aug. 28, 2017 ("Arko Decl."), at 92-97). CO Grant also asserts that his left knee was injured during the incident and that he is currently in the process of retiring because of the injury. (Grant Dep. at 16-19). CO Grant's deposition was initially scheduled for June 14, 2017. (Arko Decl., ¶ 4). Grant informed defense On that day, before the deposition, CO counsel, Christopher Arko, that the Lamonsoff Firm had previously represented him in a personal injury action arising out of a car accident in 2010. 2 (Arko Decl., ¶ 5). When CO Grant and Mr. Arko arrived at the Lamonsoff Firm's office for the deposition, Mr. Arko relayed this information to Jessica Massimi, plaintiff's counsel at the firm, and she confirmed that the firm had previously represented CO Grant in at least one personal injury lawsuit. (Arko Decl., ¶ 6; Transcript dated June 14, 2017 ("6/14/17 Tr."), attached as Exh. B to Arko Decl., at 36). Mr. Arko then postponed the deposition to discuss the implications of the Lamonsoff Firm's prior representation of CO Grant with his superiors. (Arko Decl., ¶ 7; 6/14/17 Tr. at 4-5). Two weeks later, on June 30, 2017, he sent Ms. Massimi an email stating, "After looking this matter further, we will not be moving to disqualify at this time." (Email of Christopher G. Arko dated June 30, 2017 ("Arko 6/30/17 Email"), attached as part of Exh. C to Arko Decl.). July 20, 2017. The parties rescheduled CO Grant's deposition for (Arko Decl., ¶ 12). At CO Grant's deposition, Ms. Massimi asked him numerous questions -- covering more than twenty-five pages of the deposition transcript -- about the 2010 car accident. 65, 78-84). (Grant Dep. at 37-58, Ms. Massimi also stated that she planned to ask for production of medical records related to the accident. Dep. at 78). (Grant During a break in Ms. Massimi's questioning, and outside of CO Grant's presence, Mr. Arko expressed renewed concerns that the Lamonsoff Firm's prior representation of CO Grant might 3 create a conflict of interest. (Grant Dep. at 61-64). Ms. Massimi dismissed Mr. Arko's worries, explaining that she was not personally involved in representing CO Grant in the prior action and that she had not accessed the firm's records from that case. (Grant Dep. at 65, 73). Ms. Massimi then resumed her questioning of CO Grant, and the parties completed the deposition. On August 17, 2017, the defendants requested a pre-motion conference seeking leave to disqualify plaintiff's (Letter of Christopher G. Arko dated Aug. 17, 2017). counsel. I denied the application without prejudice to the filing of a formal motion to disqualify (Order dated Aug. 21, 2017), which the defendants filed on August 28, 2017. Discussion A. Standard When considering a motion to disqualify opposing counsel, a court must "balance 'a client's right freely to choose his counsel' against 'the profession.'" need to maintain the highest standards of the Revise Clothing, Inc. v. Joe's Jeans Subsidiary, Inc., 687 F. Supp. 2d 381, 387 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) (quoting Hempstead Video, Inc. v. Incorporated Village of Valley Stream, 409 F.3d 127, 132 (2d Cir. 2005)). "[M]otions to disqualify counsel are disfavored and subject to a high standard of proof, in part because they can be used tactically as leverage in litigation." 4 Revise Clothing, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 388; see Scantek Medical, Inc. v. Sabella, 693 F. Supp. 2d 235, 238 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) ("In view of their potential for abuse as a tactical device, motions to disqualify opposing counsel are subject to particularly strict scrutiny."). Such strict scrutiny stems from concerns that motions to disqualify inevitably cause delay, increase costs, and interfere with a party's right to the counsel of its choice. Rothberg v. Phil's Main Roofing, LLC, No. 14 Civ. 10195, 2016 WL 2344882, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. May 2, 2016); Revise Clothing, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 388; Scantek Medical, 693 F. Supp. 2d at 238. Although the party seeking disqualification bears a heavy burden, "any doubts are to be resolved in favor of disqualification." Decker v. Nagel Rice LLC, 716 F. Supp. 2d 228, 231-32 (S.D.N.Y. 2010); accord Hull v. Celanese Corp., 513 F.2d 568, 571 (2d Cir. 1975). "[T]he authority to disqualify an attorney is a function of the court's inherent supervisory power . . . ." 687 F. Supp. 2d at 388. Revise Clothing, When deciding motions to disqualify, courts look to state disciplinary rules, including, in this forum, the New York Rules of Professional Conduct, Amusement Industry, Inc. v. Stern, 657 F. Supp. 2d 458, 460 (S.D.N.Y. 2009), but such rules merely provide guidance and need not be rigidly applied, Hempstead Video, 409 F.3d at 132; Mori v. Saito, 785 F. Supp. 2d 427, 432 (S.D.N.Y. 2011). Furthermore, the "[m]ere appearance of 5 impropriety will not alone serve as a sufficient basis for granting a disqualification motion. Rather, the motion will be granted only if the facts present a real risk that the trial will be tainted." Civ. 7127, Reyes v. Golden Krust Caribbean Bakery, Inc., No. 15 2016 WL 4708953, at *8 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 1, 2016) (alteration in original) (quoting Revise Clothing, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 388). Where, as here, an attorney is engaged in the successive representation of adverse parties, she may be disqualified when: (1) the moving party is a former client of the adverse party's counsel; (2) there is a substantial relationship between the subject matter of the counsel's prior representation of the moving party and the issues in the present lawsuit; and (3) the attorney whose disqualification is sought had access to, or was likely to have had access to, relevant privileged information in the course of [her] prior representation of the client. Revise Clothing, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 389 (quoting Hempstead Video, 409 F.3d at 133). This standard hues closely to Rule 1.9(a) of the New York Rules of Professional Conduct, which provides that, absent informed consent, "[a] lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter shall not thereafter represent another person in the same or a substantially related matter in which that person's interests are materially adverse to the interests of the 6 former client." An attorney's conflicts of interest "are ordinarily imputed to [her] firm based on the presumption that 'associated' attorneys share client confidences." Hempstead Video, 409 F.3d at 133; see also New York Rules of Professional Conduct § 1.10(a); American International Group, Inc. v. Bank of America Corp., 827 F. Supp. 2d 341, 345 (S.D.N.Y. 2011). B. Application There is no dispute that the Lamonsoff Firm represented CO Grant in a personal injury lawsuit arising out of his car accident in 2010. (Memorandum of Law in Support of Defendants' Motion for Disqualification of Plaintiff's Counsel at 6; Plaintiff's Memorandum of Law in Support of His Opposition to the Defendants' Motion to Disqualify Counsel ("Pl. Memo.") at 7). Although the plaintiff urges the Court to consider the fact that Ms. Massimi was not associated with the Lamonsoff Firm during its prior representation of CO Grant (Pl. Memo. at 7), this is irrelevant, as the conflict is imputed to the entire firm. The first prong of the successive representation standard is therefore satisfied. With respect to the second prong, a substantial relationship between the subject matter of counsel's prior representation and the present lawsuit exists "if the facts giving rise to an issue which is material in both the former and the present litigations are as a practical matter the same." 7 CQS ABS Master Fund Ltd. v. MBIA Inc., No. 12 Civ. 6840, 2013 WL 3270322, at *12 (S.D.N.Y. June 24, 2013) (quoting United States Football League v. National Football League, 605 F. Supp. 1448, 1459 (S.D.N.Y. 1985)). standard is a stringent one. A substantial relationship The is established "only upon a showing that the relationship between issues in the prior and present cases is 'patently clear.' Put more specifically, disqualification has been granted or approved recently only when the issues involved have been 'identical' or 'essentially the same.'" Revise Clothing, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 392 (quoting Government of India v. Cook Industries, Inc., 569 F.2d 737, 739-40 (2d Cir. 1978)); accord Obeid ex rel. Gemini Real Estate Advisors v. La Mack, No. 14 Civ. 6498, 2015 WL 7180735, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 9, 2015). This inquiry "does not turn on whether the legal claims or underlying theories are similar, but rather whether the successive factual issues." representations share common material Olajide v. Palisades Collection, LLC, No. 15 Civ. 7673, 2016 WL 1448859, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. April 12, 2016) (emphasis omitted) (quoting Giambrone v. Meritplan Insurance Co., 117 F. Supp. 3d 259, 272 (E.D.N.Y. 2015)); see also Revise Clothing, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 392 ("It is the congruence of factual matters, rather than areas of law, that establishes a substantial relationship purposes." between representations (emphasis omitted) (quoting 8 for disqualification United States Football League, 605 F. Supp. at 1460 n.26)). Here, the plaintiff argues that there is no substantial relationship between the prior action and this lawsuit because "the central issue in [the prior action] was [] whether any driver of any vehicle adverse to [CO] Grant's was negligent," which is unrelated "whether to the [d]efendants [in this action] intentionally violated [] Malcolm Anderson's civil rights." Memo. at 8-9). driver The central legal issues in the two lawsuits, negligence unrelated. (Pl. and However, civil as rights discussed violations, are above, substantial the indeed relationship inquiry turns on the nexus between the factual issues, not the legal issues, in the successive representations. On that score, Grant's Ms. Massimi explained repeatedly during CO deposition that she sought information about the 2010 car accident to support her theory that the injuries CO Grant claims to have sustained in the altercation with Mr. Anderson actually resulted from the car accident. (Grant Dep. at 65, 69-70, 74). That is, the plaintiff seeks to develop evidence about the car accident to refute CO Grant's contention that Mr. Anderson assaulted the officers and support Mr. Anderson's assaulted him without justification. claim that the officers Thus, the plaintiff has put the cause, nature, and severity of CO Grant's injuries from the car accident at issue in this litigation. 9 Those same factual issues were presumably at the heart of determinations about the defendants' liability and CO Grant's damages in the prior action. Accordingly, there is a substantial relationship between the factual issues in this lawsuit and the personal injury action. With respect to the third prong, once it is established that there is a substantial relationship between the prior and current lawsuits, there is a rebuttable presumption that counsel had access to confidential information during the first litigation that would be relevant in the second. Olajide, 2016 WL 1448859, at *3; Revise Clothing, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 392-93; Leslie Dick Worldwide, Ltd. v. Soros, No. 08 Civ. 7900, 2009 WL 2190207, at *12 (S.D.N.Y. July 22, 2009). The presumption exists because requiring proof of access to privileged information would "put the former client to the Hobson's choice of either having to disclose his privileged information in order to disqualify his former attorney or having to refrain from the disqualification motion altogether." Revise Clothing, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 395 (quoting Government of India, 569 F.2d at 740). The presumption may be rebutted by a showing that the firm's involvement in the first litigation was so minimal that it was not likely to have access to the client's confidential information or by the imposition of a screen at the outset of the second litigation information. that prevents the sharing of Hempstead Video, 409 F.3d at 138; 10 confidential Leslie Dick Worldwide, 2009 WL 2190207, at *13-14. Here, the plaintiff has done nothing to rebut the presumption of counsel's access to confidential information from the personal injury action. He makes no showing that the Lamonsoff Firm's representation of CO Grant in the personal injury action was somehow limited in scope, and there is no indication that the Lamonsoff Firm established a screen to wall off Ms. Massimi from confidential litigation. information obtained by the firm during that While Ms. Massimi contends that she is "not aware of any confidential information whatsoever regarding [CO] Grant's prior lawsuit" (Pl. Memo. at 10), "a lawyer cannot avoid disqualification by simply professing not to remember receiving any privileged material," Leslie Dick Worldwide, 2009 WL 2190207, at *13. Therefore, representation test is the third satisfied, prong and of the the successive defendant has established a conflict of interest that warrants disqualification of the Lamonsoff Firm from this case. C. Waiver Finally, the plaintiff argues that the defendants waived the conflict of interest by failing to file their motion to disqualify promptly after receiving notice of the potential conflict and through Mr. Arko's June 30 email stating that he would not seek disqualification "at this time." 11 (Pl. Memo. at 10-13). It is well settled in this Circuit that "[a] motion to disqualify . . . should be made within a reasonable time of discovering a possible conflict of interest, or a waiver will be presumed." Siverio v. Lavergne, No. 86 Civ. 6584, 1989 WL 31531, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. March 29, 1989); see also Catamount Radiology, P.C. v. Bailey, No. 14 CV 213, 2015 WL 4162730, at *3 n.6 (D. Vt. July 8, 2015) ("Courts have found a party waived its right to seek disqualification of opposing counsel when . . . there was evidence the movant postponed filing the motion for several months until the eve of trial."); TufAmerica, Inc. v. Codigo Music LLC, No. 11 Civ. 1434, 2013 WL 1903867, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. May 7, 2013) ("[A]ttorneys are expected to bring what they disqualification genuinely arising believe during are litigation serious issues to tribunal's the of attention promptly for adjudication." (quoting George v. City of Buffalo, 789 F. Supp. 2d 417, 431 (W.D.N.Y. 2011))). Courts have also held that a party waives its right to seek disqualification when it expressly agrees not to file a motion to disqualify. See Central Milk Producers Cooperative v. Sentry Food Stores, Inc., 573 F.2d 988, 991-92 (8th Cir. 1978); Catamount Radiology, 2015 WL 4162730, at *3 n.6. Mr. Arko first learned of the Lamonsoff Firm's prior representation of CO Grant on June 14, 2017, when CO Grant told him about it. (Arko Decl., ¶¶ 4-5). 12 At that time, however, there is no indication that Mr. Arko had reason to believe that the issues involved in the personal injury action were connected to the issues in this litigation. Rather, the record indicates that Mr. Arko first became aware of the connection between the two lawsuits on July 20, 2017, when Ms. Massimi asked CO Grant numerous questions about the accident at his deposition and revealed her theory that the injuries CO Grant alleges to have suffered in the altercation with Mr. Anderson were in fact caused by the car accident. (Arko Decl., ¶ 13). Thus, the timeliness of this motion should be measured from July 20, 2017. Using an earlier benchmark would encourage lawyers to file speculative motions to disqualify when they lack any indication that a genuine conflict exists, causing the very delay and added expense that the stringent standard for disqualification is designed to avoid. Mr. Arko sought a pre-motion conference concerning disqualification of plaintiff's counsel on August 17, 2017, within a month of learning of the conflict. Courts in this District have held that a delay as short as two months can waive a party's right to bring a motion to disqualify where the party has not previously expressed concerns "suspiciously about timed." the See, conflict e.g., and Secured the motion Worldwide, LLC is v. Kinner, No. 15 Civ. 1761, 2015 WL 4111325, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. June 24, 2015). Here, however, Mr. Arko expressed concerns about the 13 Lamonsoff Firm's involvement in the prior action during a break in Ms. Massimi's questioning of CO Grant about the car accident, and nothing about the timing of this motion is suspicious. Mr. Arko's motion to disqualify was therefore brought within a reasonable time after learning of the conflict. Furthermore, Mr. Arko's June 30 email did not waive the defendants' right to bring this motion. The email states, "After looking will into this matter disqualify at this time." Thus, it does not further, we not be moving to (Arko 6/30/17 Email (emphasis added)). disclaim the right to bring disqualify for the remainder of the litigation. a motion to Rather, it appears to contemplate the possibility that facts might arise in the future that warrant disqualification, which is exactly what happened. Therefore, the defendants did not waive the right to seek disqualification of the Lamonsoff Firm from this case. Conclusion For the reasons set forth above, the defendants' motion to disqualify the Lamonsoff Firm is granted. This action is stayed for thirty days to give Mr. Anderson time to retain new counsel. 14 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,929 |
Gartner and Red Herring Recognize Inkling
A couple more industry accolades we're proud to share:
First, Gartner recently listed Inkling as one of its "Cool Vendors in Emerging Technologies." Industry reports such as these are where many people in the enterprise first hear about companies and concepts they should look in to, so while we're happy to be acknowledged in the report, we also think it's a good indication that prediction markets and their applications are becoming more accepted and mainstream.
In addition, a few weeks ago we had a nice conversation with Alex Vieux, the CEO of Red Herring telling us we were a finalist for the Red Herring 100 this year. The RH100 is a list of companies that "discover and advocate the promising startups that will lead the next wave of disruption and innovation." The list was published recently so now that it's official we wanted to thank Red Herring for considering us. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,930 |
A Swell Shark Surprise
Researchers and staff at the National Aquarium were among the first to discover a remarkable capability in swell sharks: asexual reproduction.
Swell sharks, a type of catshark, are benthic—or bottom-dwelling—sharks found in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from the central California coast to the coast of Chile. Their name comes from their ability to swallow water—or air, when exposed to it—to make themselves appear larger.
Believe it or not, this isn't even the most interesting aspect of this species. In 2014, when swell shark pups began to hatch from egg cases at our Animal Care Center, staff was shocked. After all, the female swell shark in our care hadn't been in contact with a male swell shark in three years.
So how did this happen?
In some species of sharks, females have been known to hold onto sperm from their male counterparts in specialized glands for years, waiting for the right moment and conditions to produce fertilized eggs. However, that couldn't explain the phenomenon. Genetic analysis revealed only maternal alleles were present in the DNA of the pups at the National Aquarium–no paternal alleles were present.
Instead, our staff determined this was the first-ever documented instance of facultative automictic parthenogenesis–the ability to grow embryos without paternal contribution—in swell sharks! Previously, this has been documented in several other shark species, including blacktips, zebra sharks and hammerheads.
In honor of Shark Week, Ink Dwell is launching their shark-inspired line of prints, cards and more. A portion of the proceeds will benefit the National Aquarium's mission! Take a look at their limited edition items here!
Founded in 2012 by artist Jane Kim and journalist Thayer Walker, Ink Dwell studio makes art that inspires people to love and protect the natural world. Merging classical techniques of science illustration with modern fine art, we create public and private commissions, fine art, illustrations, and exhibitions, including the mural in Living Seashore!
shark-week, swell-sharks, animals
Animals, News
Sharks of the Chesapeake Bay
The Many Shapes and Sizes of Sharks | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,931 |
package com.parash.expensechecker;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.PopupMenu;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class ViewClaimActivity extends Activity{
private ArrayList<Expense> listOfExpenses;
private ArrayAdapter<Expense> adapter;
private Claim theClaim;
private Button addExpense;
private Button b_return;
private ListView lv_expenses;
private TextView tv_title;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.view_claim);
tv_title = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_claimTitle);
lv_expenses = (ListView) findViewById( R.id.lv_expenses );
addExpense = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b_addExpense);
b_return = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b_returnClaim);
addExpense.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), EditExpenseActivity.class);
Expense newExpense = new Expense();
listOfExpenses.add(newExpense);
i.putExtra("respectiveExpense", newExpense);
i.putExtra("indexOfExpense", listOfExpenses.size()-1);
i.putExtra("respectiveClaim", theClaim);
i.putExtra("indexOfClaim", getIntent().getIntExtra("indexOfClaim", 0));
startActivity(i);
}
});
b_return.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class);
i.putExtra("respectiveClaim", theClaim);
i.putExtra("indexOfClaim", getIntent().getIntExtra("indexOfClaim", 0));
startActivity(i);
}
});
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21329132/android-custom-dropdown-popup-menu
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7201159/is-using-menuitem-getitemid-valid-in-finding-which-menuitem-is-selected-by-use
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4554435/how-to-get-the-index-and-string-of-the-selected-item-in-listview-in-android
lv_expenses.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener()
{
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parentView, View childView, final int position, long id)
{
PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(ViewClaimActivity.this, childView);
popup.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.expense_popup, popup.getMenu());
popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.edit_expense:
Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), EditExpenseActivity.class);
Expense expense = listOfExpenses.get(position);
i.putExtra("indexOfClaim", getIntent().getIntExtra("indexOfClaim", 0));
i.putExtra("respectiveClaim", theClaim);
i.putExtra("respectiveExpense", expense);
i.putExtra("indexOfExpense", position );
startActivity(i);
return true;
case R.id.delete_expense:
listOfExpenses.remove(position);
adapter = new ArrayAdapter<Expense>(ViewClaimActivity.this, R.layout.expense_list_line, R.id.tv_expenseList, listOfExpenses );
lv_expenses.setAdapter(adapter);
return true;
default:;
}
return true;
}
});
popup.show();
}
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parentView)
{
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onStart();
theClaim = (Claim) getIntent().getSerializableExtra("respectiveClaim");
listOfExpenses = theClaim.getList();
tv_title.setText(theClaim.getName());
boolean expenseInExtras = getIntent().getExtras().containsKey("indexOfExpense") && getIntent().getExtras().containsKey("respectiveExpense");
if ( expenseInExtras ){
int dex = getIntent().getIntExtra("indexOfExpense", 0);
Expense e = (Expense) getIntent().getSerializableExtra("respectiveExpense");
listOfExpenses.set(dex, e);
}
adapter = new ArrayAdapter<Expense>(this, R.layout.expense_list_line, R.id.tv_expenseList, listOfExpenses );
lv_expenses.setAdapter(adapter);
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onStop();
finish();
return;
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onPause();
theClaim.setList(listOfExpenses);
}
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 9,932 |
Showcasing Diversity, Inclusion, and Intersectionality in Community Art Installation
Stories | 06.13.19
Faces of the Fox, an interactive community art exhibit, was created to showcase the diversity of the Fox River Valley in Illinois—an effort to bring to light the different people that make up communities. Laura Esposito is a student in the Master of Arts in Counseling: Specialization in Clinical Mental Health Counseling program in Chicago. While interning at do-over.me, an organization that provides professional support to people seeking meaningful employment, she helped founder Cynthia K. Wade start Faces of the Fox.
Many different variations of the human spirit were included in the art installation as possible, including, but not limited to, people who are diverse racially, ethnically, educationally, economically, religiously, mentally, physically, emotionally, sexually, and in their gender identification. By creating awareness of how vibrant and diverse all people are, the project hoped to assist the development of more culturally competent communities. The art installation had its closing reception at Adler in April 2019. Esposito shared her ambitions for Faces of the Fox with us.
How did the idea for the project come about?
Cynthia had the idea for the project, and I helped her make decisions and carry it out. We both decided on photographs, biographies along with who would take the photographs and who would do the biographies.
How did you find subjects for the photography and stories?
We created an application online that outlined the requirements and what the project was. People could nominate themselves or someone else, and they could remain anonymous. We posted the application on multiple social media platforms. Once we received applications, we contacted the subject and paired them with a photographer and interviewer.
How does the art reflect the question, "What is it like to be you?"
I think the photographers did a great job capturing who each person is in the photograph itself. Most of the participants have something or someone in the picture with them that they value or reflects who they are. The biographies allow us to learn more about who they are. They include words and phrases about their values and beliefs from interviews. We get a glimpse of what it is like to be these people.
Part of the mission of the project is to make communities stronger by acknowledging and embracing differences. How do you feel art projects like this can make diversity in communities more visible and promote understanding?
Art has a way of speaking to us without words. You can see the diversity in the communities by just taking a quick glance at Faces of the Fox. I think the photographs draw people in because they want to know why these people are being showcased. Maybe they will see these people when they are walking down the street or maybe they will start noticing the diversity in the area they live because of the art they saw. My hope is that people understand that diversity is all around them even if people look the same.
Has your understanding of the word diversity changed at all since working on the project?
Many times when we talk about diversity, we are focusing on race and ethnicity. Through working on this project, I have realized how much more it is. We tried to list every possible characteristic of a person that could be considered outside the norm of these communities. There was so much to include. We are all different, unique, and similar at the same time.
How do you hope Faces of the Fox will impact Adler University students as future clinicians?
I think the most important part of our job as clinicians is to understand our clients fully. We need to know what it is like to be them. We need to ask hard questions and learn what clients don't visually display. When looking at some of the participants from Faces of the Fox, we wouldn't know what makes them different from us until we read their biography.
View photos from the exhibit.
About Adler University
Adler University educates students to engage the world and create a more just society. Established in 1952, the University continues the pioneering work of Alfred Adler, the first community psychologist, and enrolls more than 1,800 students in academic programs for social change at its Chicago, Vancouver, and Online campuses.
Adler University Receives Major Gift for Scholarships from Graduate Udo Erasmus
Campaign for Social Justice Event Featured in the Vancouver Sun
Finding Your Niche: Alumna Discovers Calling in Parent and Infant Art Therapy
Rachel Ackerman, M.A. '17, an alumna of the Master of Arts in Counseling: Art Therapy program in Chicago, has blended three of her life's greatest passions together in a unique career that is both fulfilling and socially impactful.
Becoming a Social Change Agent: Top 5 Tips for Your Graduate Admission Interview Day
Among the most critical aspects of the screening process to select our future socially responsible practitioners – and one of the final steps – is interview day. The admissions team offers advice for prospective students. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,933 |
Home/News/5 Characters Who Donned Venom Symbiote Suit
5 Characters Who Donned Venom Symbiote Suit
Trivesh SharmaDecember 16, 2016
Created by Todd McFarlane, Venom first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #252 in 1984. Venom turns to be one of the most persistent adversaries of web-slinging superhero, Spider-Man. So far it is one of the most popular comic book characters of Marvel. Spider-Man is not the only character who was encapsulated by the alien symbiote. So today, we bring you five characters who have worn the symbiotic suit.
1) Flash Thompson
After the detention of Mac Gargan, The U.S government was looking for a trustworthy person to possess the Venom symbiote for a positive purpose. And then here comes Flash Thomson. He is one of the friends of Peter Parker. He was a soldier whose legs were amputated in a battle leaving him with no ability, but killing skills. After wearing the symbiote suit, his legs were replaced giving more stronger symbiote powers.
2. Eddie Brock
First appearing in The Amazing Spider-Man #299 in 1988, Eddie Brock was a journalist who was left by his wife and father. He hated Spider-Man. Once then was about to temp suicide Brock went to the same church from where Petter Parker got rid off from the evil symbiote. The alien symbiote then minded with Brock which caused more hatred for Spider-Man. He then tried to kill Spider-Man on various occasions. He made himself more of an anti-hero.
3. Deadpool
The Merc With The Mouth has held Thor's hammer Mjolnir and donned Iron Man's suit. With all of that do you think Symbiote was a big deal? Not at all. Even before Spider-Man donned the black symbiote suit, Deadpool had already tried the outfit. As per the mercenary, in the Secret War series, where Spider-Man dons the symbiote suit. To prevent the sight of bounty hunters, Symbiote suit crawled back to the mercenary and then it bonded with him.
4. Doctor Octavius
When Doctor Otto Octavius exchanged the minds with Peter Parker, Flash Thompson was the first symbiote host to whom Octavius promised to give him robots legs through surgery. But instead of that, the wicked Octavius removes the symbiote from Thompson's body and then dons the symbiote suit, which gives him Spider Man's superpower.
5. Guardians Of The Galaxy
While moving around with Guardians of The Galaxy, Flash Thomson was doubtful of the strange response by the symbiote suit. He eventually lost control and started to threaten other members. After that, Guardian though d discarding the symbiote into space. Unluckily, the suit gets attached to Groot. Rocket Raccoon comes in the scene and separates the symbiote from him. But then it gets attached to Drax. Now, Drax defeats all the Guardians and takes the ship to the planet of home.
entertainment Marvel Marvel Comics Symbiote Suit Venom
Trivesh Sharma
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Every Movie & Show Releasing On Netflix In March 2021 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,934 |
Lisa Vanderpump Thinks Prince Harry, Duchess Meghan Step Back Is a 'Shame'
Opening up! Lisa Vanderpump is sad to see Prince Harry and Duchess Meghan go after the couple announced they would be stepping back from the royal spotlight.
Lisa Vanderpump, Prince Harry and Duchess Meghan of Sussex. Gregory Pace/Shutterstock; Matt Baron/Shutterstock
"I think it's a shame. I think they were great for the royal family," the former Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star, 59, told Us Weekly exclusively on the set of Hallmark's Home & Family on Tuesday, January 14. "I think [Meghan] is great, she's progressive, she's a feminist. But I thought they were great for the royal family. I think we need them."
Meghan, 38, and Harry, 35, took the world by surprise when they declared they would be taking a backseat in the royal family on January 8. In a statement made to the official Sussex Royals Instagram account, the pair said that "after many months of reflection and internal discussions," they would be stepping down from their major royal responsibilities.
"We intend to step back as 'senior' members of the Royal Family and work to become financially independent, while continuing to fully support Her Majesty The Queen," the joint statement read.
The announcement certainly raised eyebrows — even with the royal family itself. A source told Us that there was some confusion between the Duke and Duchess of Sussex and Queen Elizabeth II before the statement was made.
"Harry and Meghan made their statement without the official blessing of the queen," the insider said on January 9. "It's not that they didn't care — it was a miscommunication."
The next day, a separate source confirmed to Us that the retired actress and her husband rushed the announcement so as not to be scooped by The Sun.
Lisa Vanderpump visits Hallmark's "Home & Family" at Universal Studios Hollywood. Kim Nunneley / Alexx Henry Studios, LLC
When it comes to whether or not Meghan and Harry followed royal protocol, the Bravo star recognized that there is still a lot that the public doesn't know.
"We don't know what goes on behind closed doors, especially palace doors. I just think it's a shame. I think they could have done [a lot] with the support," Lisa explained. "Prince Harry is a very popular royal, as well. He had that kind of joie de vivre, which kind of made him very relatable."
Lisa Vanderpump will appear on Hallmark's Home & Family on Wednesday, January 15.
With reporting by Kayley Stumpe | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,935 |
Old world charm converges with luxurious coastal comfort and touch of of european flair at Newell Terrace. Perched atop a limestone island ridge, this sprawling courtyard estate provides the perfect combination of community living and opportunities for seclusion and privacy.
Boasting a treasure trove of unique art, antiques and decor, Newell provides her guests with a one-of-a-kind vacation home experience. Furnished with fine Versace furniture, antiques from around the world, fine linens throughout and more, Newell is sure to enchant your imagination and satisfy your desire for wanderlust.
Her linear interior wraps gently around the pool, highlighted by large windows that provide an access point for a bounty of natural lighting to stream inside. Neutral interior creates a soothing atmosphere, where the picturesque island scenes outdoors can be the true gem of her interior.
Spend time together in her fully-stocked, gourmet kitchen. Enjoy afternoons and late nights by her indoor and outdoor bar and play a competitive game at the billiards table. At Newell Terrace, the excitement never ends.
Life in the heart of the home is easy, in and around the turquoise waters of her heated pool and hot spa. Relax aside the rushing waters of her waterfall or soak up the Florida sun during an afternoon on her expansive sundeck.
Sleeping up to 10, this colossal home provides an extremely private master suite located on the east end of the home, with the remaining 3 bedrooms located on the opposite side of the home across the sprawling courtyard. The masters of this home can sequester themselves in their own private wing boasting an immense bedroom and attached ensuite bathroom with a roman bathtub fit for a king or queen.
When it is time to retreat to one of her three standard bedrooms, enter into the west wing of the home, where each bedroom is home to an en suite bathroom and are provided access to a full poolside kitchen.
TOTAL MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY AT NEWELL TERRACE FOR ANY GIVEN TIME IS LIMITED TO 10 PERSONS. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,936 |
ROCK ON MCKAY
This simple rock headstone adorns the grave of one of New Zealand's greatest early geologists – Alexander McKay. He was a Scotsman, born in Carsphairn, Kirkcudbrightshire, on 11 April 1841. He had to leave school at the age of 11 to help support his family, and had no formal qualifications but his self-taught scientific competence was enhanced by his quite exceptional creative insight and inspiration. His natural enthusiasm and energy equipped him for extensive field work all over New Zealand, over many years, and many of his professional years were spent as government geologist.
McKay arrived in New Zealand in 1863 and tried his hand at gold mining, including across the Tasman on the goldfields of New South Wales and Queensland. In about 1871 he met Julius von Haast who at the time was the Canterbury provincial geologist, and started working for him. He later also met James Hector, director of the Colonial Museum and Geological Survey of New Zealand, and therefore had key relationships with two of New Zealand's outstanding scientists. With a fierce independence of spirit, McKay was unafraid to question the views of his more highly educated colleagues, which led at times to some bitter conflicts between them.
"On several occasions he showed quite exceptional creative insight and inspiration. This ability, together with the perceptiveness and reliability of his field observations and his flair for finding fossils, made him a legend in his own time among geologists. Having had no formal education in science he was not constrained by many of the conventions in geological thought as were his European-trained colleagues; and he had confidence in his own judgement. Several of his most important field observations and conclusions, which were to be verified by subsequent investigation, were quite controversial at the time they were proposed, some not until more than 20 years after his death in 1917." (extracted from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2m12/mckay-alexander)
In his private life McKay married Susannah Barnes in Dunedin on 24 August 1868, and they had two sons, William Alexander in 1869, and John Henry in 1872. Susannah was six years older than Alexander and little is known about her or her background. She was 71 years old when she died in May 1906 and was interred in Plot 56K in the first Anglican section of Karori Cemetery.
13 months later Alexander married his housekeeper Adelaide Dootson, who was 45 years old and may have been working for McKay and his late wife as a housekeeper or in some other domestic role. The marriage may not have found much favour with Mckays sons and their families, but was supported by Adelaide's family. While the second marriage may have been one of convenience and for social decorum, it had the advantage of ensuring McKay was able to continue his many scientific interests until his death in July 1917, Adelaide providing the domestic security needed.
McKay was cremated at the Karori Cemetery crematorium which had opened in 1909, one of the earliest to do so in Australasia. His ashes were interred in the plot where Susannah had been buried.
Adelaide too was cremated when she died in 1927, and her ashes too were interred in the McKay plot, though there is no reference to her on the headstone. The inscription reads:
Sacred to the Memory of
Susannah McKay
Born April 22nd, 1835 Died May 14th 1906
And Alexander McKay, F.G.S.
Late Government Geologist
Born April 11th 1841 Died July 8th 1917
Fittingly the headstone is a lump of rock with a flat ground face into which the lettering has been inscribed. The lettering remains clear but is un-enhanced by paint or lead inserts so appears to be illegible, though this is not the case.
McKay's name is perpetuated in the Alexander McKay Falls on a tributary of the Shotover River, Otago; in the Alexander McKay Cliffs, Antarctica; in the McKay Building at the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Gracefield, Lower Hutt; in the McKay Geology Museum at Victoria University, Wellington, and in the McKay Hammer Award of the Geological Society of New Zealand.
A biography of McKay was written by Graham Bishop and published by Otago University Press in 2008: The Real McKay; The Remarkable Life of Alexander Mckay, geologist.
Alexander McKay. Making New Zealand :Negatives and prints from the Making New Zealand Centennial collection. Ref: PAColl-8550-29. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. http://natlib.govt.nz/records/23085183 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,937 |
Category Archives: Environment
Myanmar's hidden hunger
Articles, Environment, Feature Story, Nation, Social October 20, 2021 Administrator
Displaced people flee violence near the town of Tabayin in Myanmar's Sagaing Region on 2 July 2021. Farmers say the February coup has worsened food insecurity. (REUTERS)
Khin, a 59-year-old rice farmer, faced a distressing choice at the height of Myanmar's monsoon season three months ago: sell a cow, a prized asset for agricultural households, or go hungry.
She sold the animal for half its value. The proceeds went to buy food for her family and inputs for her small rice farm in the Dry Zone – a drought-prone region in the country's centre where farmers and agricultural experts say falling income and rising costs are worsening hunger.
"We're just eating whatever is available," Khin told The New Humanitarian by phone.
Months after the 1 February military coup, poverty and food insecurity are soaring in Myanmar's Dry Zone and Ayeyarwady Delta regions – the country's agricultural heartland – sparking warnings of a hidden crisis in the making as farming households struggle out of view of most humanitarian aid plans.
Khin blames her family's plight on political instability since the coup and a devastating third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Costs for critical inputs such as fertiliser have soared, but crop prices have fallen.
"I'm very worried because I have no idea where to go or how to survive if things worsen," she said. "Other farmers are in the same boat."
The coup has upended lives across the country, exacerbated its numerous conflicts, and sent the economy into free fall. The Asian Development Bank recently predicted Myanmar's GDP would shrink by 18.4 percent this year. The currency lost 60 percent of its value in September, Reuters reported, putting even more pressure on food and fuel prices.
The economic crash is worsening food insecurity across the country. However, the Dry Zone and Delta regions are traditionally off the aid radar, mainly because they are not in border conflict zones where humanitarian needs have typically been the most pressing.
Yet poverty is rapidly rising. The percentage of Delta households considered "extremely poor" rose from 18 percent last year to 30 percent in July, according to the Washington-based International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). A recent paper predicts that 60 percent of Myanmar's "newly poor households" in the coming months will be in the Dry Zone and Delta.
"Aid agencies are still mostly working in more remote conflict-affected areas, albeit with some shift to urban populations obviously made poorer by COVID and the political situation," said Derek Headey, a senior research fellow at the institute.
"But there is a lot of new poverty in the Delta and Dry Zone too, and these are major agricultural production centres and large population areas. So we're very concerned there's an emerging crisis in these zones that's going under the radar."
In interviews with The New Humanitarian, nearly a dozen Myanmar Delta or Dry Zone farmers, or aid staff who work in these areas, said that families were dipping into savings and selling long-term assets to make ends meet.
Some farmers said they're not sure how they will continue to feed themselves over the long term. Many are taking on greater debt, while cutting back on food.
"Rising input prices and falling output crop prices [are] a double whammy that is squeezing farmers tighter and tighter," said a Myanmar development worker who has spoken to hundreds of farmers since the coup.
Myanmar farmers and aid workers who spoke to The New Humanitarian requested that their full names not be used for fear of the military.
The Dry Zone and Delta regions are crucial for Myanmar's overall food security, accounting for more than 80 percent of Myanmar's cropped area, according to IFPRI. The two areas together account for about a third of Myanmar's population.
But in the coup's aftermath, more farming families are joining the ranks of the newly poor.
Aung, 45, who grows rice, maize, and pulses in the fertile Ayeyarwady Delta in the country's south, said farmers are squeezed because traditional sources of credit – such as seed and fertiliser companies and banks – are not available.
"We can't get loans or borrow money, which means you have to sell what you have. So we have to be very frugal," he said. "Everything is more difficult this year."
Kyaw, a 49-year-old farmer in Sagaing Region, part of the Dry Zone, said he has resorted to pawning and selling his wife's jewellery to buy food for his family of eight.
"We've been surviving by farming and working as hired labour, but it's not enough," he said. "We're now using up leftover rice from the previous years, and our savings and gold."
Others have it worse, he added: "In some homes, they no longer have old stocks of rice left. We are trying to help each other."
Analysts say there is an urgent need to expand food assistance to rural families in the Dry Zone and Delta.
"To overlook the food-insecure rural households in the Delta and Dry Zones would be to overlook almost half the food-insecure rural households in Myanmar," said Duncan Boughton, a professor of agricultural, food, and resource economics at Michigan State University who was also part of the team behind the IFPRI paper.
Stephen Anderson, Myanmar country director for the World Food Programme, said the UN agency is trying to find out more about the situation in these major farming regions.
"We would be ready to step in in those instances where we see acute food insecurity developing. If there are needs, we're ready to consider them," he said.
The February coup has already pushed humanitarian groups to expand food aid, though the military junta continues to impose heavy restrictions. A UN-backed response plan, revised in July, tripled the number of people targeted for food security assistance – including expanding food distribution to urban areas of Yangon, Myanmar's main commercial centre.
As in many aid operations, however, donor funding has fallen short.
"We've received more funding now than we had in all of last year, it's just that the needs are outstripping the available funding," Anderson said.
Violence and the coronavirus
Humanitarian needs are growing in areas that have typically been spared the brunt of Myanmar's conflicts, but post-coup violence is still escalating.
In some areas, there are regular clashes between the junta's troops and local resistance forces who have teamed up with ethnic armed groups that have been fighting for autonomy for decades. Bombings and targeted assassinations in major towns and cities are becoming more common.
Kyaw, the 49-year-old farmer, said soldiers have been raiding many villages in his part of Sagaing, looking for residents suspected of being members of the local resistance forces.
"I can't even explain how cruel they are," he said. "Whenever they come, they just arrest whoever they see. So now everyone flees when they come."
COVID-19 is adding to the farmers' woes. Positivity rates have dropped from 37 percent in late July to 6 percent in mid-October, but the virus continues to spread. Healthcare delivery has been severely constrained since the coup; only about 15 percent of the population have received a COVID-19 vaccine dose – well below rates in most other countries in the region.
Labourers are falling ill, said Yin, an office worker from a farming family in southern Mandalay Region, which forms part of the Dry Zone.
"A lot of people said they came down with the flu but the illness sounds very similar to COVID-19 because people were losing their sense of smell," she said.
"In our villages, planting is still being done by hand, so it was really difficult for farmers to hire people, and it means you cannot finish preparing the land or planting in time," she added.
The rising food insecurity and poverty in the Delta and Dry Zone could have far-reaching repercussions in Myanmar, which has a largely rural population and relies heavily on the agricultural sector, said the development worker.
Poverty and food are immediate worries. But the farmers struggling today also need help to adapt to longer-term threats exacerbated by climate change – more volatile floods and drought, erratic rains, and more risks from pests and crop diseases.
"That critical support and focus on the environment has fallen off the radar," the development worker said.
"I would ask aid agencies to not abandon Myanmar at this time, even though it might be tempting since it is such a difficult operating environment," she added.
Edited by Irwin Loy
Credit: thenewhumanitarian.org
An Airplane Dilemma: Convenience Versus Environment
Articles, Environment, Nation, Nations Matters, Special Feature, Top Stories October 17, 2021 Administrator
Mr. President: There are many consequences of COVID-19 that have changed the existing landscape due to the cumulative effects of personal behavior. For example, the decline in the use of automobiles has been to the benefit of the environment. A landmark study published by Nature in May 2020 confirmed a 17 percent drop in daily CO2 emissions but with the expectation that the number will bounce back as human activity returns to normal.
Yet there is hope. We are all creatures of habit and having tried teleconferences, we are less likely to take the trouble to hop on a plane for a personal meeting, wasting time and effort. Such is also the belief of aircraft operators. Add to this the convenience of shopping from home and having the stuff delivered to your door and one can guess what is happening.
In short, the need for passenger planes has diminished while cargo operators face increased demand. Fewer passenger planes also means a reduction in belly cargo capacity worsening the situation. All of which has led to a new business with new jobs — converting passenger aircraft for cargo use. It is not as simple as it might seem, and not just a matter of removing seats, for all unnecessary items must be removed for cargo use. They take up cargo weight and if not removed waste fuel.
After the seats and interior fittings have been removed, the cabin floor has to be strengthened. The side windows are plugged and smoothed out. A cargo door is cut out and the existing emergency doors are deactivated and sealed. Also a new crew entry door has to be cut-out and installed.
A new in-cabin cargo barrier with a sliding access door is put in, allowing best use of cargo and cockpit space and a merged carrier and crew space. A new crew lavatory together with replacement water and waste systems replace the old, which supplied the original passenger area and are no longer needed.
The cockpit gets upgrades which include a simplified air distribution system and revised hydraulics. At the end of it all, we have a cargo jet. If the airlines are converting their planes, then they must believe not all the travelers will be returning after the covid crisis recedes.
Airline losses have been extraordinary. Figures sourced from the World Bank and the International Civil Aviation Organization reveal air carriers lost $370 billion in revenues. This includes $120 billion in the Asia-Pacific region, $100 billion in Europe and $88 billion in North America.
For many of the airlines, it is now a new business model transforming its fleet for cargo demand and launching new cargo routes. The latter also requires obtaining regulatory approvals.
A promising development for the future is sustainable aviation fuel (SAP). Developed by the Air France KLM Martinair consortium it reduces CO2 emissions, and cleaner air transport contributes to lessening global warming.
It is a good start since airplanes are major transportation culprits increasing air pollution and radiative forcing. The latter being the heat reflected back to earth when it is greater than the heat radiated from the earth. All of which should incline the environmentally conscious to avoid airplane travel — buses and trains pollute less and might be a preferred alternative for domestic travel.
By: Dr. Arshad M. Khan
Credit: moderndiplomacy.eu
Rohingya Repatriation: Int'l community urged to take concrete actions
Articles, Environment, Feature Story, Nation, Nations Matters, Neighbour, Politics, World September 21, 2021 Administrator
MAHMUD HOSSAIN OPU
Global leaders and international organisations need to play a more active role to compel Myanmar to make arrangements for the Rohingyas to return
Foreign Minister Dr AK Abdul Momen has called on the international community including the UK to take concrete actions for creation of a conducive environment in Myanmar for sustainable return of Rohingyas to their homeland in Rakhine State.
Lord Ahmad, the British State Minister for Foreign Affairs for South Asia, United Nations and the Commonwealth met the Foreign Minister at the Permanent Mission of Bangladesh in New York recently and discussed various issues including the Rohingya crisis.
In the meeting, the issue of climate change was also discussed.
Foreign Minister Momen suggested that Bangladesh as the President of the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) and the UK as the President of COP26 might jointly hold an event on the sidelines of COP26 in Glasgow.
Foreign Minister Momen also apprised Lord Ahmad of the steps taken by Bangladesh in the area of mitigation and adaptation.
He suggested that the private sector of the UK could invest in different environment-friendly projects in Bangladesh, including in electrification of the conventional railway.
Lord Ahmad appreciated the proactive leadership role of Bangladesh in the area of climate change.
Credit: dhakatribune.com
Military coup clouds control over jade, gems in Myanmar
Articles, Environment, Power and Energy, Top Stories April 23, 2021 Administrator
Buyers examine jade stones on sale ahead of an auction during a Gems Emporium in Naypyidaw. Jade and other gems have long been a lucrative source of income for the military [File: Hein Htet/EPA]
Opposition to the military's coup has boosted ethnic armed groups, creating a new challenge to its lucrative jade and gems business.
Life in Myanmar's jade-producing regions was always difficult and precarious but since the military seized power from the civilian government on February 1, it has become even more dangerous.
In Kachin State's Hpakant township, which has the world's largest and most lucrative jade mines, there are more soldiers and police, access to mining sites has become more difficult and local markets have stopped operating.
"Many places are dangerous to dig jade now. There are only a few places where we can dig by hand or small machine," said Sut Naw, a local miner who preferred to use a pseudonym for security reasons.
Police and soldiers are now guarding company compounds, he added, patrolling roads day and night. They also stop people on the streets or in their vehicles, checking for jade and other valuables and searching through people's phones for evidence of resistance to the coup.
"I have seen many zombie movies, but never realised that I would be living in a similar environment," he said. "People don't go out at all unless they have to."
The military has long dominated Myanmar's jade industry and continues to rake in immense profits. Myanmar's annual jade and gems emporium, held from April 1 to 10, brought in $6.5m on the sixth day alone, according to state media.
Lucrative resource
In 2015, the environmental watchdog Global Witness valued Myanmar's jade industry at $31bn and described it as possibly the "biggest natural resource heist in modern history." Identifying the Tatmadaw and armed elites as the industry's biggest profiteers, the exploitation of jade was "an appalling crime that poses a serious threat to democracy and peace in Myanmar," it said.
Keel Dietz, a Myanmar policy adviser with Global Witness, told Al Jazeera that with the Tatmadaw now in total control over the formal governance of natural resources, they were likely to step up that exploitation.
"There is a huge risk that the military, in their desperate efforts to maintain control, will look to the country's natural resource wealth to sustain their rule, to buy weapons, and enrich themselves," he said.
Escalating clashes between the Kachin Independence Army, the armed wing of an ethnic armed group in the resource-rich northern state and the military, known as the Tatmadaw, have raised questions over the control over the jade mines.
Before a 1994 ceasefire, the Kachin Independence Organization, which has been fighting for federal rights to self-determination since 1961, controlled most of the mines and local people were able to enjoy a share of the wealth through small-scale mining activities. The KIA is its armed wing.
The ceasefire saw most of the jade-mining region nationalised under a military government known for exploiting resources without regard for the social and environmental consequences.
The state-owned Myanmar Gems Enterprise took control over the regulation of mining activity and issuing licences, which it signed over to itself and to companies that benefitted its interests, including proxy companies, companies run by military cronies and those connected to armed actors including the United Wa State Army, which runs its own special administrative region on the China border and has a history of links to drug trafficking.
These companies levelled mountains, dug enormous trenches and dumped waste with impunity.
Hundreds of thousands of migrants flocked to the area, dreaming of digging their way to prosperity but found themselves scavenging through company waste heaps; if they found a big stone, it was confiscated by soldiers.
The natural environment was destroyed, landslides and mining accidents claimed hundreds of lives, and drug abuse skyrocketed – all while the Tatmadaw pocketed handsome profits.
Shortly after winning elections in 2015, the National League for Democracy (NLD) led by Aung San Suu Kyi pledged to reform the industry and in August 2016, suspended the renewal of mining licences and the issuance of new ones.
But companies bypassed the suspensions with impunity, and the NLD government was widely criticised by rights groups for failing to bring meaningful changes to the jade industry. In July 2020, more than 170 people were buried in a landslide in a Hpakant jade mine.
"The government and military have never respected natural resources," said Ah Shawng,* a land and Indigenous rights activist in Hpakant. "They extract resources as they wish and only for themselves. .. Our natural resources are all disappearing and being destroyed."
But since the coup, resistance to centralised policies and the exploitation of ethnic people and the land and resources in their states appears to be rising.
Shifting allegiances
The 2008 military-drafted constitution, which centralised land and resource management at the union level and entrenched Tatmadaw power, was abolished on March 31 by officials forced out by the military. In its place, they put forward an interim Federal Democracy Charter.
Mainstream support for armed resistance to military rule has also increased, as the Tatmadaw arrests thousands and indiscriminately shoots civilians. Some 739 people have been killed, according to the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), which is tracking the violence.
With ethnic armed groups, including the KIO, in a position to offer protection and help fight back against the generals, ethnic minorities' struggles for self-determination under a federal system, which were once largely ignored by the majority Bamar public, are now increasingly popular. Pro-KIA demonstrations have been held across Kachin State and even in central Myanmar, while the number of recruits is rising.
Although the KIA and Tatmadaw have been at war since the ceasefire collapsed in 2011, fighting had slowed since 2018.
But since the coup conflict has escalated.
Clashes have been taking place nearly every day. The KIA, so far, appears to have the upper hand – it has taken several Tatmadaw bases and claims to have obliterated entire battalions, killing hundreds of soldiers.
Some of the most intense fighting has occurred in and around Hpakant, where Ah Shawng, the local rights activist who also prefers to use a pseudonym for her security, says most locals support the KIA.
"Now, when [junta] forces harm people, the KIA protects and stands with us," she said, adding that the KIA had been successful in driving out some security forces from the area.
On March 28, the KIA killed about 30 policemen who had raided a jade mining site operated by the Taut Pa Kyal mining company, according to Kachin State-based media reports.
The company, according to a BBC Burmese article, is backed by the Kyaw Naing company, which has 64 licenced mining sites and failed to disclose a military crony among its beneficial owners in 2020. Days later, a photo circulated on social media of a police station, allegedly at another company jade mining site in Hpakant, bearing a white flag of surrender to the KIA. Al Jazeera contacted the KIO to verify the incidents but they declined to comment on matters related to Hpakant.
The KIA may be fighting to gain control of other areas as well – including some areas beyond Kachin State.
Local news agency Myanmar Now reported on April 15 that the KIA and Tatmadaw had clashed in Mogok, a city in Mandalay region hundreds of miles from Kachin State.
Mogok's mines possess the world's most valuable rubies, as well as other lucrative gemstones. On April 16, a group of youth in Mogok staged a pro-KIA march and drew a large "Welcome KIA" banner on the street. The next day, the military forces gunned down at least two people in the city.
Sanctions, import bans
The United States has already imposed sanctions on Myanmar Gems Enterprise, as well as on two military holding companies, Myanmar Economic Holdings Public Company Limited (MEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation Limited (MEC). This week, the European Union also added MEHL and MEC to its sanctions list.
Dietz of Global Witness told Al Jazeera that while the sanctions were "hugely important," they were likely to have only a limited effect on the jade sector without the support of China, which serves as the primary market for Myanmar's jade, a highly prized luminous green stone.
"Global Witness encourages the international community to place import bans on all jade and coloured gemstones coming from Myanmar," he said.
He also expressed concern that as the Tatmadaw finds itself squeezed of funds, it might try sell off resource concessions in exchange for fast cash.
"The international community should make it clear to commodity trading firms and other investors in natural resources that now is not the time to be making large new resource deals in Myanmar – the military regime is not a legitimate government, and should not be allowed to sell away Myanmar's remaining mineral wealth to sustain itself," he said.
Tu Hkawng the Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation under the newly-formed interim National Unity Government running in parallel to the generals' administration, told Al Jazeera that it was time to bring natural resource management back into the hands of the local people.
Appointed on April 16, he has already begun engaging with local stakeholders to reform natural resource management policy through the lens of Indigenous rights.
"We are trying to build a collective leadership … to engage more with the grassroots-level community and solve the problems together," he said. "This is a bottom-up approach. In order to achieve it, we have to build a network with every stakeholder and collaborate."
He hopes that by addressing natural resource governance, the civil wars that have plagued the country for the past 70 years can finally be brought to an end.
"Every ethnic group has the right to manage and benefit from the natural resources on its own land. Right now we don't have that," he said. "If everyone gets to govern their own land, we won't have to fight any more."
*Names have been changed to protect the security of those interviewed, at their request.
Credit: www.aljazeera.com
Myanmar monk creates refuge for snakes at monastery
Articles, Environment, Nation, Top Stories December 4, 2020 Administrator
Wilatha has created a refuge for snakes.
A Buddhist monk has created a refuge for snakes at the Seikta Thukha TetOo monastery in Myanmar's Yangon.
Buddhist monk Wilatha has created a refuge for snakes including pythons, vipers and cobras at the Seikta Thukha TetOo monastery in Myanmar's Yangon. The 69-year-old monk decided to rescue the snakes that might otherwise be killed or destined for the black market.
WHEN WAS THE SNAKE REFUGE LAUNCHED?
The snake refuge was launched five years ago. Apart from residents, government agencies also bring captured snakes to the monk, Reuters reports. Wilatha, who cleans the snakes using his saffron robe, said that he is protecting the natural ecological cycle.
"Once people catch snakes, they will likely try to find a buyer," Wilatha said.
HOW DOES THE MONK RUN THE REFUGE?
The monk is dependent on donations for the roughly USD 300 required to feed the snakes, Reuters reports. Wilatha keeps the snakes in the refuge until he feels they are ready to go back to the wild.
Lately, Wilatha released several snakes at the Hlawga National Park, and said he was happy to see them slither into freedom but worried in case they were caught again. "They would be sold to the black market if they are caught by bad people," he told Reuters.
However, it is imperative to release the snakes into the forests after a certain point of time as Kalyar Platt, a member of the Wildlife Conservation Society, said, "Generally, living in close proximity to people induces stress in snakes."
As per conservationists, Myanmar has become a global hub in the illegal wildlife trade with snakes often smuggled to neighbouring countries like China and Thailand.
Credit: www.indiatoday.in
Flash floods kill two in Thailand, storm heads for Myanmar
Articles, Environment, Feature Story, Social, Social Matters, Special Feature, Top Stories August 4, 2020 Administrator
Tropical storm Sinlaku dumped heavy rain on 18 Thai provinces over the weekend.
The storm uprooted trees, pulled down electricity poles and tore sheet roofs from some buildings [Thai army handout/AFP]
Flash floods killed at least two people and swept through hundreds of houses in northern Thailand, authorities said, after tropical storm Sinlaku dumped heavy rains on 18 provinces over the weekend.
Muddy, waist-high waters poured into homes in rural areas on Sunday. Soldiers used small boats to rescue villagers and handed out aid packs in Loei, the worst-hit province.
By Monday morning, residents in rubber boots were out clearing debris from the storm that uprooted trees, pulled down electricity poles and tore sheet roofs from some buildings.
"The flood came very fast, my family couldn't grab anything," said Rattiya Panich as she cleaned her house. Two people died, according to the interior ministry.
Sinlaku also hit Laos and Vietnam, where it killed another two people on Sunday in the provinces of Hoa Binh and Quang Ninh, Voice of Vietnam (VOV) reported.
Loei province suffered the most damage during flooding caused by tropical storm Sinlaku, according to the Thai Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Department [Thai army handout/AFP]
Authorities there warned that heavy rains might cause landslides and flash flooding in Vietnam's northern mountainous provinces.
Some parts will see up to 400mm of rainfall from Monday to Wednesday, the Vietnam Disaster Management Authority said.
The storm was moving towards Myanmar on Monday, the Thai Meteorological Department said.
Trash is treasure as Myanmar environmentalist turns food scraps into fertiliser
Articles, Environment, Feature Story, Social June 4, 2020 Administrator
Inda Aung Soe and his wife Aye Aye Than collect food waste at the wet market to produce organic fertilizer in Yangon, Myanmar, Jun 3, 2020. (Photo: Reuters/Zaw Naing)
YANGON: To most people in Myanmar, food waste is nothing but garbage, and that attitude leaves Inda Soe Aung baffled.
But the 35-year-old environmentalist isn't complaining, because what he views as his compatriots' lack of imagination has given him the business opportunity of a lifetime – turning what they throw away into fertiliser.
"People think that food waste is just trash, trash, trash," he said. "It's difficult for me to introduce to the public that food waste is a natural resource."
Each day, he collects about a tonne of food waste from wet markets near his home in Yangon's North Dagon Township, pouring baskets of leftover vegetables into a cart before processing it into organic compost over the course of several months.
He started his business, Bokashi Myanmar, nearly two years ago and has so far created 500 tonnes of fertiliser, which he sells mainly for use in gardens and home farms.Advertisement
His aim is to triple production and help the environment by reducing greenhouse gases, while persuading other people to adopt the techniques for soil preservation and combating climate change he outlines on his company's Facebook page.
Yangon authorities estimate that, across all categories, the fast-growing city generates 2,300-2,500 tonnes of waste each day, inundating landfill sites that are decreasing in number as demand for land grows.
Inda Soe Aung gets help from his wife, Aye Aye Than, who says she is proud of the business and its contribution to the environment.
"I thought that only poor and grassroots people worked with trash. But, I later realised that this job is providing a clean environment for my neighbours around me," she said.
Credit: www.channelnewsasia.com
The Building That Exploited Myanmar's Oil Wealth
Articles, Environment, Feature Story, Top Stories June 2, 2020 Administrator
The former Burmah Oil Company headquarters on Merchant Street / Yangon Architecture
It was Burmah Oil Company (BOC) that monopolized Myanmar (then Burma)'s oil industry in the colonial period. Based on the corner of Merchant Street and 32nd Street in Yangon (then Rangoon), the building today houses the National Library of Myanmar.
Built in 1908 by the architect and contractor Robinson and Mundy, the building was originally the headquarters of the Scottish trading firm Fleming and Co which exported textiles and imported a variety of European merchandize, including shoes, paint and beverages.
The BOC took over the four-story building from Fleming and Co. It started operations in 1886, one year after the country's last monarch, King Thibaw, was dethroned and exiled in India. The firm piped crude oil from Upper Myanmar to Thanlyin oil refinery across the Yangon River.
It produced petroleum, gasoline and candles and distributed internationally and domestically, reaching the most remote areas of the country.
The company also sold petrol, kerosene lamps and candles and its headquarters were alive with wholesalers and retailers, petroleum inspectors, representatives of foreign oil companies, tanker operators and globetrotting oil workers from the United States, UK, India and elsewhere.
One street away from the BOC's headquarters, the Steel Brothers and Co Ltd, which monopolized the country's rice industry in the colonial period, opened its headquarters on what is now Bo Sun Pat Street.
The simply designed BOC office played an important role in modernizing the colonialized society which had no access to electricity or the international fuel markets. The country's oil only made up for 1 percent of total global production, but 20 percent of the British Empire's overall output.
National crude oil production rose to 1 million tons annually by the 1930s, with 80 percent of that total coming from BOC. The company also established BOC College to train engineers, technicians and workers for its operations.
BOC enjoyed its most profitable years during the 1920s when it was listed among the top 10 British manufacturing firms. Crude oil was the second-largest source of foreign currency income ahead of World War II, according to Myanmar Encyclopedia.
Indigenous oil workers earned a tiny fraction of the salaries of British officials at the BOC and endured miserable, crowded living conditions.
In a bid for better conditions, thousands of oil workers marched about 650 kilometers from Chauk in today's Magway Region to Yangon despite a violent crackdown by the colonial government. They were joined by thousands of other workers, farmers and people from all strata of society in what would become the first movement for independence.
The movement in 1938 was significant as a national uprising against colonial rule and became known as the Revolution of 1300, named after Myanmar's calendar.
The British general manager of the BOC, Harold Roper, was kept busy having to report to the board of directors in London about the strike, negotiate with the colonial government and answer media questions. On March 15, 1939, oil workers managed to block all entrances to the BOC's head office by lying down on the pavements around the building. Hours later, the police forcibly dispersed the protesters and detained 123 of them.
When World War II broke out, the BOC – which exploited the country's oil resources under the umbrella of the colonial government – abandoned its head office, burning documents and maps.
The abandoned building survived the war but the interior was a shambles with no furniture or equipment. As oil fields and equipment were destroyed by the retreating British, the country's supplies of kerosene and candles ran out.
After independence, BOC shared the building with the Ideal Nursing Home, also known as the Sanpya Clinic. In 1963, the BOC was sold to the Revolutionary Council government, ending 55 years of foreign ownership.
The building then housed the office of the state-owned Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) for the next 40 years. It was left vacant when the MOGE moved to Naypyitaw in 2005 and 2006. Most of the roof was destroyed by Cyclone Nargis in 2008 and the building was renovated by the Construction Ministry in 2010.
After the National League for Democracy won the 2015 general election and U Htin Kyaw, the son of influential intellectual Min Thu Wun, became the president, he allowed the building to house the National Library.
While some colonial-era buildings house hotels, restaurants and shopping centers, the 112-year-old former BOC office has become a public building.
By: WEI YAN AUNG
Credit: www.irrawaddy.com
HRW: 200 Homes Burned in Rakhine, Myanmar
Articles, Environment, Nations Matters, Social, Top Stories May 27, 2020 Administrator
This handout satellite image from Planet Labs taken on May 23, 2020 and released by Human Rights Watch (HRW) on May 26 shows Let Kar village in Myanmar's Rakhine State, after buildings in the village are believed to have been destroyed by fire.
Around 200 homes and other buildings were destroyed by fire in Myanmar's conflict-torn Rakhine state, Human Rights Watch reported Tuesday. The rights group says satellite images recorded the destruction on May 16.
Northern Rakhine state has been riddled by conflict between the Myanmar military, also referred to as the Tatmadaw, and the Arakan Army (AA), a militant group of Rakhine Buddhists seeking self-governance.
No one has claimed responsibility for the May 16 destruction.
The most recent account of mass burning in Rakhine was in August 2017, when the Myanmar military and militant civilians destroyed at least 392 Rohingya villages.
The Rohingya Muslims, densely populated in Rakhine, are an ethnic minority in the Buddhist-majority country. Since 1982, the government has refused to recognize the Rohingya as its citizens, viewing them as illegal immigrants from neighboring Bangladesh.
The 2017 violence involved massacres, extrajudicial killings, mass gang rapes and villages burned by the Tatmadaw — events a fact-finding mission established by the United Nations Human Rights Council described as rising to the level of "both war crimes and crimes against humanity" and in "genocidal intent."
The current conflict between the Tatmadaw and AA has pushed more Rohingya to flee, leading hundreds to the sea to find safety in neighboring countries.
Citing concerns about COVID-19 earlier this year, Malaysia denied entry to nearly 400 Rohingya Muslim refugees, leaving them stranded at sea for two months until Bangladesh took them in. The coronavirus causes the COVID-19 disease.
Credit: www.voanews.com
FLOATING LABORATORY LAUNCHED TO MONITOR LOKTAK LAKE
Articles, Environment, Nation, North East, Top Stories, Volume 21, Volumes May 12, 2018 Administrator
With the view to protect the Loktak lake from further deterioration, a mobile research laboratory has been launched to study and evaluate the ecosystem of the lake. On the occasion of its launch, Manipur Forest and Environment Minister Mr. Thounaoujam Shyam Kumar expressed his concern over the increased pollution penetrating in the lake and the need for floating laboratory of Institute of Bio resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD) to monitor its ecosystem.
With water quality machine installed, the boat is built to operate across the lake for twenty- four hours assessing the quality of water and thereby, has been made proficient to tap on the temperature scales, chemical composition apart from the rest. More than four months were spent by ISBD to shape the boat as remarked by IBSD Director Professsor Dinabandhu Sahoo.
Mr. Shyam Kumar observed that through this whole process of research, scientists have extracted alcohol from the grass present in lake and soon it would be sold, and also the possibility of making organic compost from phumdis has been recognised.In an effort to encourage tourism, it has been proposed to install mobile bio toilets at the Loktak lake.
As part of the task of saving the lake and the environment around it, the state and the central government would be working collectively, in addition to the Loktak Development Authority (LDA) and Institute of Bio- Resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD). | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,938 |
We have several opportunities for ministry in our community whether you are in Puerto Rico long term or only for a short time.
We understand the difficulty of moving to a new culture. We would love to help you adjust and provide a family for you while you are here.
Apart from Sunday mornings, we want to be a church that is involved in each others' lives and in our communities. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,939 |
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Don't wait until the last minute, hire a professional today.Will your service do my paper and bibliography, and complete it on time? We are aware of the serious impact buy-essays-cheap.com this can have on your university academic performance.Some of them have better reputation than others; some are pricey, and others are cheap – there is plenty to choose from.That's why you must be wondering: Who should I hire to write my paper for me? | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,940 |
A cruise ship leaves Miami.
Cuba said on Friday it would lift a ban on Cubans and Cuban-Americans entering and leaving the Caribbean island by commercial vessels, opening the way for cruise operator Carnival (cuk) to set sail for the country next week.
Carnival's May 1 cruise, the first from the United States to the Communist-run country since the 1959 revolution, was thrown into doubt when the company triggered a backlash by refusing Cuban-Americans passage due to a Cold War-era law.
Carnival received approval from the United States last year to sail to Cuba, and the green light from Havana a day after U.S. President Barack Obama's historic visit to the country in March.
The waters between the two countries have been the scene of mass migration, hijacking and other crimes in the past, leading Cuba to ban Cubans from traveling by boat without special permission, even though restrictions on traveling by air were lifted years ago.
Protests in Miami, where the company is based, a discrimination suit and criticism by Secretary of State John Kerry led Carnival to start accepting bookings from Cuban-Americans earlier this month.
The company said it would postpone the cruise if necessary, but also expressed confidence Cuba would rescind the law before its first "Fathom" adventure, which is expected to begin sailing to three Cuban cities every fortnight from May 1.
Cuban-born Americans are free to enter their homeland by air, with around 300,000 arriving every year.
The statement on Friday said authorities were also reviewing a ban on citizens from boarding recreational vessels such as fishing boats and yachts. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,941 |
I have heard a lot of parents complaining about how difficult babyhood is, and how many struggle with the feelings of guilt when they feel like they need a break from their babies. But what if what they really need is a break from babyhood? If babyhood was defined by 12-hours nights, predictable nap schedules, extremely regular eating times, independent play, and slowly progressing mental development rather than painful leaps, we would probably never want a break from our babies.
But, well, babyhood is a completely different ballgame, and really unpredictable, challenging, and exhausting—mentally, physically, emotionally, and spiritually—one, at that. And I have a feeling that's what we need a break from.
Similarly, some parents sometimes feel like they even hate their babies, when perhaps what they hate is babyhood. I very recently had to deal with a friend who felt likes she was a terrible mother because she hated her baby sometimes. While I couldn't blame her for feeling hatred, I reflected with her about how, perhaps, she hated babyhood—the non-stop crying, the constant clinginess, the fights to get her baby to eat, sleep, dressed, and diapered. It didn't take long for her to realise that was it; she loves her baby, but boy, does she hate babyhood!
It makes everything a little easier when we identify the "culprit" as babyhood, not our babies. When our baby recently went through a mental leap, my husband and I felt so bad for her, going through that pain and not understanding what was going on. Just imagine: you are used to living in a 2D, black-and-white world, and suddenly, you wake up one morning and everything is in 3D and in colour. That's confusing, to say the least!
Similarly, it really became easier for my friend because her and her husband started empathising with their baby, and it went from them versus baby, to them and baby versus the world. And just that made something massive shift in both my friend and her husband: the guilt about the wrongly perceived feeling that they don't love their baby made way instead for patience and understanding for the tough times their baby was going through, and a united front to deal with the difficulties of babyhood.
Now, does this work for the teenage years? I'd love to hear from moms both of babies and teenagers—you can either comment below or send me a line at saharsblog (at) gmail (dot) com!
You make a good point about struggling through those hard months. But if someone is *really* struggling and worried because she might not love her baby, I'd also be on the lookout for postpartum depression. It can manifest in different ways, in addition to the deep sadness we usually think of. Some depressed new mothers become angry. So if you're having an ongoing hard time in any stretch of Baby's new life, I urge you to talk to your medical provider. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,942 |
package main
// This example shows how to define a Dogfile, parse it, generate the task
// chain and finally run it.
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/dogtools/dog"
)
func main() {
// Define two tasks in the Dogfile format using YAML
dogfileYAML := `
- task: hello-dog
description: Say Hello
post: hello-world
code: echo "Hello Dog!"
- task: hello-world
description: Say Hello Again
code: echo "Hello World!"
`
// Parse Dogfile
dtasks, err := dog.Parse([]byte(dogfileYAML))
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(1)
}
// Generate task chain that starts with 'hello-dog' but include both tasks
taskChain, err := dog.NewTaskChain(dtasks, "hello-dog")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(1)
}
// Run task chain
err = taskChain.Run(os.Stdout, os.Stderr)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(2)
}
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 9,943 |
The Sacred Valley
Cusco and around
The SACRED VALLEY, or Vilcamayo to the Incas, about 30km northwest of Cusco, traces its winding, astonishingly beautiful course from here down towards Urubamba, Ollantaytambo and eventually Machu Picchu: the most famous ruin in South America and a place that – no matter how jaded you are or how commercial it seems – is never anything short of awe-inspiring. The steep-sided river valley opens out into a narrow but very fertile alluvial plain, which was well exploited agriculturally by the Incas. Even within 30km or so of the valley, there are several microclimates allowing specializations in different fruits, maizes and local plants. The river itself starts in the high Andes south of Cusco and is called the Vilcanota river until it reaches the Sacred Valley; from here on downriver it's known as the Río Urubamba, a magnificent and energetic torrent which flows on right down into the jungle to merge with other major headwaters of the Amazon.
Standing guard over the two extremes of the Sacred Valley, the ancient Inca citadels of Pisac and Ollantaytambo perch high above the stunning Río Vilcanota–Urubamba and are among the most evocative ruins in Peru. Pisac itself is a small, pretty town with one of Peru's best artesanía markets, just 30km northeast of Cusco, close to the end of the Río Vilcanota's wild run from Urcos. Further downstream are the ancient villages of Calca, Yucay and Urubamba, the last of which has the most visitors' facilities and a developing reputation as a spiritual and meditation centre, yet somehow still retains its traditional Andean charm.
At the far northern end of the Sacred Valley, even the magnificent ancient town of Ollantaytambo is overwhelmed by the astounding temple-fortress clinging to the sheer cliffs beside it. The town is a very pleasant place to spend some time, with good restaurants and a convenient location in the heart of great trekking country. It makes an ideal base from which to take a tent and trek above one of the Urubamba's minor tributaries, or else tackle one of the Salcantay trails.
Beyond Ollantaytambo the route becomes too tortuous for any road to follow. Here, the valley closes in around the rail tracks, and the Río Urubamba begins to race and twist below Machu Picchu itself.
Pisacchevron_right
Ollantaytambo and aroundchevron_right
Cuscochevron_right
Inca sites near Cuscochevron_right
The Sacred Valleychevron_right
The Inca Trailchevron_right
Machu Picchuchevron_right
Alternative treks to the Inca Trailchevron_right
Towards the junglechevron_right
South from Cuscochevron_right
Book Your Trip To Peru
The Rough Guide to Peru
Rough Guides Snapshot Peru: Lima
The Rough Guide to South America on a Budget
Southern Brazil: Rough Guides Snapshot Brazil
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Pyramids and human sacrifice: the top ancient sites in Peru
A first-timer's guide to Peru
Missed out on the Inca Trail? Try these treks instead | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,944 |
The California Guide to Growing & Managing a Law Office is a comprehensive guide for California attorneys. The 600+ pages provide essential information on all aspects of running a law firm, from finances to ethics. As a multi-section project, this book was written by more than 25 authors, all representing different Sections of the State Bar of California. Each author had his/her individual style and approach to writing, making for an incohesive storyline.
Sublime Designs was brought in to manage the publication production process: manage, edit, and design the book. In order to stay on top of the book's progress, they created an extensive tracking system to manage the authors and their contributions. Sublime then edited the book in order to create a consistent style and voice for the book.
Next, Sublime created a template for the layout (in additional to designing the cover) and created an initial proof of the book before proofreading and sending to press. The final step was to create marketing materials for the book, including a postcard and print ad that would appear in various State Bar publications. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,945 |
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Marissa Conway
Marissa Conway is the Co-Founder of the Centre for Feminist Foreign Policy, a current doctoral candidate earning her PhD in Politics at the University of Bristol, and is on the Forbes 30 Under 30 list.
Marissa is also a Gender Champion in Nuclear Policy and is currently participating as a Bilingual for the 100 Questions Initiative out of The Governance Lab at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering. Originally from Silicon Valley in California, Marissa moved to London in 2015 for her MA in Gender Studies at SOAS, University of London. She holds a BA in Political Science and a BA in Music from Chapman University in Orange County, California. She has been recently published by the University of Oxford, Chatham House, Ploughshares, and the Turkish Policy Quarterly.
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View the full programme
The ICAN Paris Forum is organised by the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)and its French partner organisation ICAN France and supported by generous contributors such as Mairie du Onzième arrondissement de Paris, who have provided the venue for the conference.
ICAN is a coalition of non-governmental organizations in one hundred countries promoting adherence to and implementation of the United Nations Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. This landmark global agreement was adopted in New York on 7 July 2017.
Built by Tectonica | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,946 |
MELVILLE, HERMAN | The Whale. London: Richard Bentley, 1851
Fine Books and Manuscripts Online
The Whale. London: Richard Bentley, 1851
Three volumes, 12mo (4 1/2 x 7 3/8 in.; 115 x 188 mm). Half title to Vol. I, title-page to each volume, appendix to end of Vol. III; minor foxing primarily to preliminary leaves. Contemporary half indigo-black calf over marbled boards, spines gilt lettered and gilt floral motif, edges marbled' minor rubbing to extremities, one or two chips to calf, minor foxing to endleaves. Together in custom quarter blue morocco over cloth slipcase and folding chemise.
The true first edition of a cornerstone of American literature, preceding the New York edition by four weeks — one of only 500 copies printed
"...whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off—then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can..."
Early in 1850, Melville wrote to his English publisher, describing Moby Dick as "a romance of adventure." It proved to be a critical and commercial failure, however, and by Melville's death in 1891, Moby Dick had gone out of print. Hundreds of differences exist between the British and American editions, some of which are slight, while others significantly impacted the narrative. For example, many British reviewers objected to the fact that the tale was seemingly narrated by a character who perished along with the ship. This misunderstanding was due to the fact that the British edition lacked the Epilogue (it was likely lost by Bentley's printers), which detailed Ishmael's survival. Many of the other changes that were made were the direct result of censorship, and fell into four categories: sacrilegious passages (more than 1,200 words, which attributed human failures to God, or compared human shortcomings to divine ones, were revised or excised entirely); sexual matters (to include reproductive habits of whales, and even Ishmael's anxiety surrounding the nature of Queequeg's underwear); remarks "belittling royalty or implying a criticism of the British" (this resulted in the omission of Chapter 25, which discussed the use of sperm oil at coronations); and any perceived grammatical or even stylistic anomalies were handled with "a highly conservative interpretation of rules of 'correctness'."
Of the copies that have appeared at auction in the last 40 years, four have been in their original bindings, while two have been in contemporary bindings.
A handsome copy of "one of the strangest and most wonderful books in the world" -D. H. Lawrence
BAL 13664; Grolier American 60; Sadleir, Excursions 22
Condition as described in catalogue entry.
The lot is sold in the condition it is in at the time of sale. The condition report is provided to assist you with assessing the condition of the lot and is for guidance only. Any reference to condition in the condition report for the lot does not amount to a full description of condition. The images of the lot form part of the condition report for the lot provided by Sotheby's. Certain images of the lot provided online may not accurately reflect the actual condition of the lot. In particular, the online images may represent colours and shades which are different to the lot's actual colour and shades. The condition report for the lot may make reference to particular imperfections of the lot but you should note that the lot may have other faults not expressly referred to in the condition report for the lot or shown in the online images of the lot. The condition report may not refer to all faults, restoration, alteration or adaptation because Sotheby's is not a professional conservator or restorer but rather the condition report is a statement of opinion genuinely held by Sotheby's. For that reason, Sotheby's condition report is not an alternative to taking your own professional advice regarding the condition of the lot. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,947 |
ErMusicTV - ERD Music and its multiple media platforms were created to encourage independent music industry .
We provide a comprehensive platform for promotion, services and distribution of musical content for all artists and the people who live and dream by and for music.
Being at the forefront of digital media, web TV, streaming audio and video, tools, features and applications and other technological developments in media and content distribution in the digital age, at the dawn of the millennium. Disseminate artists and music of all genres worldwide. We are a global company since 2012 with a strong position in the recording and music media market.
Protect, respect and enforce the cultures, values, traditions and customs, as well as copyright and intellectual property of musicians, artists, writers, composers and artists in general and their sources of income, and in this sense combat piracy, and criminal activities that infringe, violate, violate intellectual property rights and resulting inmassive losses .
Promoting the music industry.Provide infrastructure, investment and services needed to be innovative, strong and self sustaining. Providing services to artists and indispensable tools for the promotion, dissemination, creation, production, design, distribution, marketing and sale of music nationally and internationally, as well as companies and suppliers of independent record sector.
Be innovative and technologically always at the forefront of the music industry.Contribute, cooperate, collaborate and make decisions, actions and policies, with artists, companies, organizations and institutions, private and public, domestic and international.
Provide the necessary services for artists.
Promoting the music industry, support the productive sector activity, increase profitability and benefits, providing global distribution and promotion.
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Provide the necessary resources and help them grow in domestic and international markets. Increasing the rankings music markets.
Having high technology, creative level, innovation and development, in order to provide more and better tools and resources.
Achieve a creative, innovative, flexible and adaptable to changing culture. Modern but with a deep indigenous roots.
Ensure continuous improvement of quality, services and infrastructure. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,948 |
One of my new favorite smoothies! I have been on a huge mango and spinach kick recently, mainly because summer has ended and therefore mangos are in shorter supply, so I have been stuffing my face with them before they disappear from the stores. And of course, I am never without my handy dandy spinach! The very thought!
Blend the mixture until smooth and creamy. Pour into a glass, top with hemp seeds and goji berries as pictured, and drink up! This smoothie is sooo refreshing! You can also add protein powder to this mix as an added bonus for a perfect pre-workout smoothie! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,949 |
Home / Exclusive Material / PREMIERE: Lui Hill Releases New Music Video For 'Revolver'
PREMIERE: Lui Hill Releases New Music Video For 'Revolver'
RJ Frometa March 23, 2018 Exclusive Material, News Leave a comment 161 Views
Since releasing previous single "5000 Miles" in early November, it has been featured in multiple Spotify playlists such as Young & Free , Viral Hits , USA Top 50, and New Music Friday. In December, the track was added to the Apple Music Today's Chillplaylist, and followed by the remix by Fye & Fennek in January.
Now the second single, 'Revolver' is available offering a dark and yet uplifting tale of being stuck in a relationship or cycle that one feels desperate to escape, over a synth-based sound palette. The video debates the pain in love, mirroring the original tale of "The Little Mermaid," and the choices or sacrifices one may face.
The chorus tries to make the argument "we're not damned to revolve around," while the rebuttal continues to highlight the trials and tribulations associated with love.
Viewers are also reunited with the mysterious characters introduced in the "5000 Miles" music video. The alternative pop/rock tone of "Revolver" intensifies the drama unfolding in the Christoph Varga directed visual. LUI narrates with smooth, husky vocal melodies as viewers slowly connect the dots to previous chapters of the storyline.
Previous THE WEEKND PARTNERS WITH MARVEL COMICS TO RELEASE GRAPHIC NOVEL 'THE WEEKND PRESENTS: STARBOY' JUNE 13
Next THE WLDLFE Share New Single "Real Ones" | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,950 |
What size invitation cards does the free Invitation Maker create?
You have three size options when creating printable PDF invitations. The first two options are meant to be printed on regular US letter sized paper. "4 cards per page" or quarter-page invitations print four to a sheet on a 8.5" x 11" standard piece of paper. "2 cards per page" or half-page invitations print two larger invitation cards on a standard letter page. "Single card" formating creates one single 5" x 7" card. This is a good choice when you wish to email the invitation as an attachment rather than print them out. Or, for invitations that require no cutting, buy 5" x 7" photo or specialty paper and print single cards out.
What kinds of specialty paper do these templates work with?
You can use any letter sized paper and cut the invitation cards out yourself. Or many paper brands (Avery, Staples, etc.) have a "postcard" paper that has perforations or clean-edge laser cut separations that allow you to tear the page into quarters. We have designed our invitations to work with this kind of paper if you choose the "4 cards per page". Some of the Avery papers that work with this layout are 3263, 3380, 8380, and 8383.
Use any letter sized paper - card stock or thick photo paper works well - and cut the page in half.
Use 5" x 7" photo paper, index cards, or any other pre-cut 5" x 7" paper. Photo paper is the easiest paper to find in this size.
What kind of envelopes fit the three sizes of invitations?
For quarter-page invitations that print 4 cards per page, purchase 4-3/8" x 5-3/4" envelopes which are available at many office supply stores or online. Staples carries them etc. For half-page invitations that print 2 per page, use the A9 size envelope which measures 5-3/4" x 8-3/4". For 5" x 7" single card invitations, you can use the A7 size envelope which measures 5 1/4" x 7 1/4".
Why doesn't anything happen when I click "Create PDF" on the Invitation Maker?
If you have a pop-up blocker or your web browser's settings block pop-up windows, you will need to enable pop-up windows for the PDF to be loaded (it opens in a new window). If you need more information on how to change the settings on your web browser, click here for instructions on changing your pop-up blocker settings .
I am using the AOL web browser and having trouble using the Invitation Maker.
We have heard from several users that they have not been able to make PDFs while using the AOL browser. We recommend trying another web browser, such as Firefox or Internet Explorer.
Why do the colors look darker or muted on the PDF version of my invitations?
The PDFs created by the Invitation Maker use CMYK colors, which are best for printing and required by most commercial printers for printing jobs. They may display darker on your screen depending on what application you are using to view the PDF. This is particularly noticeable when using the built in "Preview" application on a Mac as opposed to Acrobat Reader. The best way to see the colors of your card is to print a test sheet to make sure you are happy with your card's colors.
How do I cut the invitation cards out myself?
You can use an exacto knife and ruler for the cleanest cut, or a paper cutter, or even scissors. The half-page invitations require only one cut between the cards (at 5.5" when the page is held "landscape"). Quarter-page cards need to be cut in half in both directions. Make sure you are printing the cards out with no scaling to ensure the cards print exactly the same on each half (see next question).
My invitation cards are printing out too small (so don't line up on my Avery paper, or aren't measuring the standard size).
On Windows systems, often the default setting to print PDFs in the "Page Scaling" area of the Windows print dialog box is not set to print at actual size. "Page Scaling" should be set to "None".
My invitation cards are printing out at the correct size, but they are not centered.
Make sure you have selected "Print Maximum Area" from the print dialog box that pops up when you have hit "print". This is usually found in the "Preferences" area of the print dialog box, under the "Paper" tab. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,951 |
Why construction plans for coal plants come back from the dead?
Some coal power construction plans which had been postponed for a long time are brought back due to the recent coal expansion boom. For example, the plans for Noshiro No.3 (Tohoku Electric Power), Misumi No.2 (Chugoku Electric Power), and Matsuura No.2 (Kyusyu Electric Power), which had been left put aside for many years, have resurfaced.
Most of these plans had been proposed in the late 1980s or later as power plants consisted of more than one unit. At that time, certain units were constructed but others were never built. In a supply plan publish by utilities every March had not mentioned these power plants, the projects had been listed as "planning" for 10 years ahead and treated as dormant. A similar case had been seen for nuclear power plans in the past.
The turning point was when a "supply plan" was issued in March 2014. The tide is turning in the coal industry's favour with many coal power construction emerging. As the government introduced bidding scheme for thermal power plants, Tohoku Electric Power, Chugoku Electric Power and Kyushu Electric Power started to bring back their dormant construction plans. The utilities used the bid scheme and open bid process, but with no bids from other companies, the utilities themselves took part and subsequently won the bid, allowing utilities to construct the projects. Three bids showcased such farce.
There is another problem of these resurrected construction plans. Since these plans were already approved in the past, they are not required to go through the current EIA process. At all three power stations, the first unit had been built long before the current Act for Assessment of Environmental Impacts was issued in 1997. Noshiro No.3 and Matsuura No.2 were approved under the former assessments, so-called "Ministerial Assessment" or "Cabinet Assessment". According to documents recently released at a Ministry of Environment meeting, all units of the Noshiro power plant (Tohoku Electric Power) were approved in 1981, and Matsuura No.2 was approved in March 2000. There is no environmental information available.
Regarding the Noshiro No.3 unit, Tohoku Electric Power released documents and held an explanatory meeting in Akita prefecture in October 2015 as a part of their "Voluntary Assessment". They also released their construction schedule on January 13th 2016, which stated operations for Noshiro N.3 will begin in June 2020. Kyushu Electric Power, on the other hand, has not disclosed any environmental information on Matuura No.2. Even though it is hard to believe that these resurrected units will not use the technologies planned in 15-years ago, the units with 600-1000MW size should be re-assessed by the government. A document METI released mentioned that the Chugoku Electric Power would be assessed for Mitsumi No.2 unit in the future but no details have been made available at this point in time. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,952 |
The Versa Ruler™ is the first scalable system of rulers which allows for the fluid creation of unlimited, multi-sided shapes! Simply snap into place the desired side/angle configuration and start sliding into a new dimension of shape-building. Rulers pivot and slide on a track, and can be connected end-to-end for extended lengths and proportions. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,953 |
Our Caucasus group tours are the ideal way to visit Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in one trip. Explore the region between the Black and Caspian seas, where the traditions of East and West have intertwined, while sharing the journey with other travellers that, like you, are eager to discover new places.
Join one of our small group tours of the Caucasus to discover three countries, the cultures of which have been influenced by Christianity, Islam, and Zoroastrianism. You'll remember Georgia by its ancient churches, its stunning mountain scenery, the taste of Kakheti wines, and cosmopolitan Tbilisi. Armenia is the oldest Christian country in the world, where monumental monasteries are located among blooming valleys, by tranquil lakes and wild cliffs. Azerbaijan will leave you perplexed by its contrasts – the capital, Baku, is very modern, while its surroundings are home to ancient monuments, exquisite palaces, and colourful, rock-hewn villages. Book now for a once-in-a-lifetime experience on one of our fixed date, guaranteed departure, small group tours.
Explore Oriental and Westernized Caucasus with Azerbaijan and Georgia group tour with 100% guaranteed departure dates. Group travel will cut your costs and enjoy your adventures with like-minded people. South Caucasus welcomes you with breathtaking nature, historical and architectural monuments, delicious cuisine, traditional wine, and many more.
The tour offers an excellent blend of active sports and historical-cultural tourism during Christmas holidays. Sports day has alternatives up to your preferences. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,954 |
Luke Dossey, who will be a junior next season at Vandegrift, was crowned the winner of the Byron Nelson Junior Championship.
Dossey joins PGA Tour winners Jordan Spieth and Cody Gribble along with a host of other talented past champions of the Byron Nelson Junior Championship.
In two years Dossey will join his brother, Cooper, at Baylor. Cooper Dossey, a three-time UIL state championship, was his brother's caddie on Thursday. He just completed his freshman season at Baylor.
Luke Dossey is already building an impressive career of his own. He was named to the All-State team as a freshman. He already has 7 top 10 finishes in two years. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,955 |
Home » BACK PAGE: Keep movin', movin', movin'
BACK PAGE: Keep movin', movin', movin'
Charles Anderer
America is about movement and this isn't all bad. F. Scott Fitzgerald once famously wrote that there are no second acts in American lives. But he couldn't stick around to see Jack Abramoff discuss the dangers of money in politics before the Kentucky legislature, a presentation that several lawmakers called the most compelling presentation on ethics they had ever seen.
Stick around long enough, and you just might get a second chance here. You'll get a chance to lose it all, too. Maybe F. Scott's point was the First Act will always be the most rewarding, but even that is highly subjective. Granted, Abramoff's gig in Kentucky only paid a reported $5,000 plus expenses, a major comedown from his Casino Jack days, but now he gets to deal in something more closely resembling the truth, which, it is said, will set you free.
So, on occasion, will the government, as the patient professionals who have been working to bring legal and regulated online gaming to the States might attest. Last month's determination by the Department of Justice that the Wire Act applies only to sports betting could finally set the stage for interstate gaming on the Internet. Not that we should expect to hear anything else from the federal government on the matter. This hot potato will be very gladly passed on to the states thank-you-very-much, where we can expect the same crazy-quilt approach to rules, taxation and regulation from jurisdiction to jurisdiction (those who participate, that is) that has developed on the land-based side to apply to Internet World. Should be extremely interesting.
State solutions are the only way forward because, among other things, the last thing most Warshington-based (in election years, the "r" is pronounced) legislators want to put their finger-prints on is a Big Brother Internet gaming measure, or any pro-gaming measure, for that matter. Only in America can business run off the rails mostly because of its own excesses, be bailed out by a government that failed to regulate mostly because it was paid not to (see Abramoff, Jack), turn around and blame government for the problem, and have most voters agree. A recent Gallup poll asked Americans what they fear more: Big Government or Big Business. By a 6-to-1 margin, the government boogey man won. Fear of government reflects the American passion for movement. Business moves. Government stands in the way. That's why you could do worse than to always go with business minus the points. And keep your government hands off my Medicare.
In a basic way, the Department of Justice has given the gaming industry the chance to solve its lone real remaining distribution problem, and a significant distribution problem it is, particularly in the longer run, as entire generations start to enter their prime consumer years having only known the digital world. My 16-year-old daughter doesn't find much of anything about me interesting these days, save for when I tell her how boys and girls in the 1970s were somehow able to congregate socially without the use of anything more sophisticated than the telephone. ("What if you weren't home, what did you do then?" "There were pay phones, and some of them even worked." "Oh." Returns to texting.)
Backfilling is also happening, as we know, in Massachusetts and maybe Florida, where we will co-produce the Florida Gaming Summit on February 27-28 at the Seminole Hard Rock in Hollywood with our partners Spectrum Gaming. In New York, Gov. Andrew Cuomo's State of the State message included not just a reiteration of his desire to expand casino gaming in the Empire State, but a $4 billion public/private partnership with Genting to build what would be the largest convention center (3.7 million square feet) in the country alongside Resorts World New York's Aqueduct facility in Queens, not far from the JFK airport. This strikes me as a little ambitious, but anyone who doubts Cuomo's commitment didn't hear the raw disappointment in his voice when he said New York City ranks 12th in the meetings and conventions business. New Yorkers really don't like to be 12th at anything.
Of course, there's another type of movement which is a zero sum game and nothing more than an invitation to fight.Empire of the Summer Moon, S.C. Gwynne's most excellent story of Quanah Parker, the last Comanche warrior, tells of Parker's reliable illustration of how the white man had pushed the Indian off the land. He would tell the listener to sit on a cottonwood log, sit down close to him and say "Move over." The listener would move. Parker would move again, sit down and repeat, "Move over." He would continue until the listener fell off the log. "Like that."
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is executive editor of BNP Media Gaming Group and also oversees content development, sales and marketing for the company's trade shows and conferences, which include Bingo World, Southern Gaming Summit, Gaming Technology Summit, New York Gaming Summit and Casino Marketing. He can be contacted at [email protected].
THE BACK PAGE: Still melting after all these years
THE BACK PAGE: The new abnormal
THE BACK PAGE: Only a matter of time?
THE BACK PAGE: Government, for better or worse | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,956 |
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Aim over dead oak tree off the tee, with your 2nd shot you want to favor the right side of the fairway as this will give you an ideal angle for your third. Tricky green that slopes hard from left to right. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,958 |
Home Editorial Three cities, Three stories of grief
Syed Azharuddin: In India since Citizenship Amendment Bill was passed and became an Act after the signature of President of India from 11th December 2019 till date millions of citizens registered their protests against the unconstitutional Act which is discriminatory in nature, anti poor and divides the people on bases of religion and hampers the social fabric of India, to protect it and save the basics of constitution of India students begun the protests from Jamia Millia Islamia University New Delhi, followed by AMU Aligarh and MANUU Hyderabad, then many in a row now it becomes the people's movement. 22 alone were killed by police of Uttar Pradesh, 2 in Mangalore, 4 in Assam by their respective police authorities as people's were against the government. Firing done by BJP/RSS supporters twice at JMI and once at Shaheenbagh who were influenced by cabinet minister and BJP leaders' hate speeches. Yet people didn't fear and continue their protests using various cultural tools with more inspiration to protect the social fabric of India and its beauty in diversity. As the days are passing, BJP led government and its supporters becoming more cruel and letting down their morals too low. Indians across the world are also protesting against the discriminatory and hidden fascist Law called as CAA, which is also directly or indirectly hampering India's economy. Following three stories of three different cities of India may make you more sad and will touch our conscience to speak for poor, innocent and minors who are future leaders of the nation.
1.The minor students of Shaheen School, Bidar being harassed for acting in satire play on Citizenship Amendment Act.
On 21st January 2020, minor students of Shaheen School, Bidar enacted a play depicting the present insecurity in masses due to recently enacted CAA and announced NPR & NRC process. This "satire play" was performed in deccani accent of Hyderabad Karnataka region but was projected out of proportion by few people.
Soon after the video of this satire play went viral, police booked the school and Management under sections 124(A) – 'sedition Laws' and 153(A) – 'Offence of promoting enmity/disharmony' of the Indian Penal Code based on complaint filed by the right-wing activist. Later teacher & mother of the student were arrested on 30th Jan.
The serious offences of Sedition & Promoting enmity on a satire play which was only representing the insecurity present in society regarding Discriminatory CAA, NRC & NPR process only shows the biasness in state machinery and blatant use of these draconian British era laws by police against the procedures laid down by Supreme court with regards to filing of Sedition cases. The repeated scenes of interrogation of minor students aged around nine years by Karnataka police against the norms laid down by "Juvinile Justice Act – 2015" that too in absence of parents reflects the insensitivity, prejudiceness and violation of law by police. Interrogation for fourth time in a week and even of minor students who was not part of this particular play is highly condemnable. Strict action should be taken against these police officers, according to law.
Further we need to question the government, cultural tools are means of representation. If a satire play depicting the Discriminatory CAA-NRC-NPR process invites sedition charges & arrest, then how seditious this law & process should be which is creating huge distress & enmity among citizens of country. And what should be the charges on the persons responsible for enacting this very Discriminatory and unconstitutional CAA along with the process of NPR-NRC. The charges of creating enmity and disharmony between the communities only shows the lack of awareness regarding CAA which itself is Discriminatory and creating enmity based on religion and region against the spirit of Indian constitution.
It should be noted that Karnataka Police visited the school for 4th time on 3rd February and had interrogated minor students which shows that Karnataka state police is misusing the law only to harass and create fear in students and parents.These intimidating tactics will not stop the ongoing protest against the unconstitutional CAA rather, they will only strengthen the ongoing movement against the combined package of CAA-NRC-NPR. It clearly shows that state is directly targeting the dissenting voices who are out on streets protesting against this discriminatory and unconstitutional CAA/NPR/NRC which will affect the basic idea of India, if implemented.
2.The death of Sameeda Khatoon, 57 years old from Kolkata, the "first Lady Martyr" who laid her life fighting against Unconstitutional & Discriminatory CAA_NRC_NPR_
Sameeda Khatoon, 57, was suffering from illness for past many days. But her illness didn't stop her from participating in the ongoing continuous sit-in protest against the unconstitutional and discriminatory Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), National Population Register(NPR) and National Register of Citizens (NRC) at Park Circus, Kolkata.
It should be noted that continuous sit-in protest at Park circus, Kolkata, was started on the lines of Shaheen Bagh of Delhi just few days after the Shaheen Bagh of Delhi. It was the first continuous sit-in started outside Delhi. The sit-in at Park circus is named as "Swadhinata Andolan 2.0" which means "Independence Struggle 2.0".
When we reached Kolkata, the fellow protestors of the Shaheen Bagh at Park Circus, Kolkata and neighbours of Sameeda Khatoon said that she was very determined and use to participate in the ongoing protest despite of her illness. Even the cold weather didn't deter her from participation. She was one of the many silent and peaceful protestors who are raising their voice in the ongoing sit-in dharna at Park circus.
Sameeda Khatoon fell severely sick around midnight. Soon she was taken to nearby Islamia Hospital for treatment but she didn't respond to the treatment and at around 1.00am on 2nd February 2020, she was declared dead due to Cardiac arrest. Her funeral was performed later the same day itself at Kolkata. She is the "First Lady Martyr" of ongoing Nationwide Anti-CAA_NRC_NPR protests. It should be recalled that more than 30 people had sacrificed their lives in ongoing pan India protest against CAA_NRC_NPR, especially in police violence and brutality.
Thousands of fellow protestors across the nation condoling her death said that we can't let her sacrifice go in vain and we will not forget it. We stand by his family in this hours of grief. We will continue the struggle till this discriminatory law is taken back.
The Government should at least come forward now and scrap the Discriminatory CAA and stop the plans of implementing NPR_NRC in our country which has created so much insecurity and caused loss of precious human lives so far, protestors also asked government authorities to rename the historic Park Circus Maidan to Sameeda Maidan remembering Sameeda Khatoon's sacrifice.
3.Students and Youth were emotional on the death of 2months baby
Despite of poor family background, the mother of small baby used to participate daily in Jamia protest outside Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi which is iconic university to begin the protest against unconstitutional Citizenship Amendment Act 2019. The Mother of two 3-years' boy and one 1-year-old girl use to come every day to register her protest.
On 29th January, 2020 early morning the baby girl whose age was around 1 year was not responding, parents after noticing took her to nearest Al Shifa hospital where She was declared brought dead and doctors informed the baby lost her last breath 6 hours before.
Earlier the family was not willing to circulate the news of death of the baby child, later many well wishers announced and hundreds of students and youth who were protesting every day felt sorry for the loss of a beautiful soul, who is considered to be the youngest Martyr in the movement against CAA NRC and NPR.
The brave mother, when asked, said that she will again join the protests at Jamia soon after recovering from this trauma in another two-three days. Her name is not disclosed here for the very same reason and she requested the students to continue the struggle and pressurise the government to revoke CAA 2019 and stop the process of NPR.
Even after this huge loss of human, resources, capital and time of millions, will the servants of the nation who are leading the government keep their ego aside and roll back Citizenship Amendment Act 2019? Question remains unanswered…!
Syed Azharuddin is a student activists and scholar. Views are personal.
SIO differs on UGC examination guidelines, slams CBSE for pushing 'Govt-Sangh Agenda' in the name of slashing syllabus
Hemant Soren Govt. in Jharkhand passes resolution against NRC, NPR
BJP Minister in Assam takes 5 km helicopter ride as anti-CAA... | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,959 |
Russ Columbo
Ruggiero Eugenio di Rodolpho Colombo
Camden, New Jersey, U.S.
September 2, 1934(1934-09-02) (aged 26)
Jazz, popular music
Occupation(s)
Actor, singer, violinist
Violin, baritone voice
Ruggiero Eugenio di Rodolfo Colombo (January 14, 1908 – September 2, 1934), known as Russ Columbo, was an American baritone, songwriter, violinist and actor. He is famous for romantic ballads such as his signature tune "You Call It Madness, But I Call It Love" and his own compositions "Prisoner of Love" and "Too Beautiful For Words."
2.2 Musician
Columbo was born in Camden, New Jersey, the twelfth child of Italian immigrant parents, Nicola and Giulia (Julia) Colombo. He attended Everett Grammar School and started playing the violin at a very young age and debuted professionally at the age of 13. His family moved to Los Angeles when he was 16, and he attended Belmont High School there, left high school at age 17 to study violin under Calmon Luvovski and travel with various bands around the country. He sang and played violin in numerous nightclubs.
Career[edit]
By 1928, at the age of 20, Columbo began to participate in motion pictures, including a Vitaphone short in which Columbo appeared as a member of Gus Arnheim and His Orchestra. Eventually, he did obtain some feature work in front of the camera, but he slowed down his activities in cinema to pursue other interests. At the time of his death, Columbo had just completed work on the film Wake Up and Dream; he was on his way to stardom when his life was cut short.[1] Among Columbo's other films are: Woman to Woman (with Betty Compton), Wolf Song (with Lupe Vélez), The Texan (with Gary Cooper), and Broadway Thru a Keyhole.[2][3]
Musician[edit]
Columbo performed seven vocals while with Arnheim as a member of the string section, six for Okeh Records and only one for Victor ("A Peach of a Pair") on June 18, 1930, a few months before Bing Crosby joined the band, along with Al Rinker and Harry Barris as "The Rhythm Boys").
Columbo ran a nightclub for a while, The Club Pyramid, but gave it up when his manager told him he had star potential.[2] In 1931, he traveled to New York City with his manager, songwriter Con Conrad. Conrad secured a late-night radio slot with NBC. This led to numerous engagements, a recording contract with RCA Victor records, and tremendous popularity with legions of mostly female fans. Not long after arriving in New York, Columbo met actress Dorothy Dell at an audition for the Ziegfeld Follies and began seeing her. Conrad did his best to break the relationship up with a series of publicity-created "ruse romances" involving Columbo and actresses such as Greta Garbo and Pola Negri; it succeeded.[4] (Dorothy Dell died in an auto accident in June 1934—just months before Columbo's own fatal accident.)
The type of singing that was popularized by the likes of Columbo, Rudy Vallee, and Bing Crosby is called crooning. Columbo disliked the label, but it caught on with the general public. It gained popular credence, despite its initial use as a term of derision for the singers employing their low, soothing voices in romantic songs. Similarly, to reinforce his romantic appeal, he was called "Radio's Valentino."[5]
Columbo composed the songs "Prisoner of Love", "You Call It Madness (But I Call It Love)" with Con Conrad, Gladys Du Bois, and Paul Gregory, "Too Beautiful For Words", recorded by the Teddy Joyce Orchestra in 1935, "When You're in Love", "My Love", "Let's Pretend There's a Moon", recorded by Fats Waller and Tab Hunter, and "Hello Sister". "Prisoner of Love" is a standard that has been recorded by Frank Sinatra, Jo Stafford, Art Tatum, Perry Como, the Ink Spots, Mildred Bailey, Teddy Wilson with Lena Horne on vocals, Bing Crosby, Billy Eckstine, and James Brown. Perry Como had a no.1 hit on Billboard with his recording. James Brown had a Top 20 pop hit and performed the song on The Ed Sullivan Show and in the concert movie The T.A.M.I. Show (1964).
Death[edit]
On Sunday, September 2, 1934, Columbo was shot under peculiar circumstances by his longtime friend, photographer Lansing Brown, while Columbo was visiting him at home. Brown had a collection of firearms and the two men were examining various pieces. Quoting Brown's description of the accident:[6]
I was absent-mindedly fooling around with one of the guns. It was of a dueling design and works with a cap and trigger. I was pulling back the trigger and clicking it time after time. I had a match in my hand and when I clicked, apparently the match caught in between the hammer and the firing pin. There was an explosion. Russ slid to the side of his chair.
The ball ricocheted off a nearby table and hit Columbo above the left eye. Surgeons at Good Samaritan Hospital made an unsuccessful attempt to remove the ball from Columbo's brain; he died less than six hours after the shooting.[1][7] Columbo's death was ruled an accident, and Brown exonerated from blame.[8][9] His funeral Mass was attended by numerous Hollywood luminaries, including Bing Crosby and Carole Lombard, who was to have had dinner with Columbo the evening of the accident and who was romantically involved with him.[1][4][10][11]
Columbo's mother was hospitalized in serious condition from a heart attack at the time of the accident; the news was withheld from her by his brothers and sisters for the remaining ten years of her life.[1][12] Due to her previous heart condition, it was feared that the news would prove fatal to her (she died in 1944). They used all manner of subterfuges to give the impression that Columbo was still alive, including faked letters from him and records used to simulate his radio program.[13]
Crypt of Russ Columbo in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Glendale
Columbo is interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.
Actress Virginia Brissac was serving as Columbo's private secretary at the time of his death, and was later called upon by the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office to testify and identify Columbo's remains at the subsequent inquest.[14]
In 1958, singer Jerry Vale recorded a tribute album titled I Remember Russ. In 1995, 61 years after Columbo's death, singer Tiny Tim released an album in tribute to Columbo, titled Prisoner of Love (A Tribute to Russ Columbo), which he recorded with the group Clang.
Columbo is one of the historical figures named in the Neil Diamond composition "Done Too Soon".
Columbo is one of the three famous crooners named in the 1932 Looney Tunes cartoon Crosby, Columbo, and Vallee.
Toran, Tony. A Prisoner of Love - The Definitive Story of Russ Columbo. Bear Manor Media, 2006, ISBN 1-59393-055-0
Lanza, Joseph and Dennis Penna. Russ Columbo and the Crooner Mystique. Feral House, 2002. ISBN 0-922915-80-6
Miano, Lou, Russ Columbo: The Amazing Life and Mysterious Death of a Hollywood Singing Legend. Silver Tone Publications, 2001. ISBN 0-9677970-1-2
Kaye, Lenny. You Call It Madness : The Sensuous Song of the Croon. Villard, 2004. ISBN 0-679-46308-9
Time Capsule 1944; a History of the Year Condensed from the Pages of Time. Time-Life Books, 1967.
Adam, Beverly. Two Lovers:the love story of Carole Lombard and Russ Columbo. Createspace, 2016, ISBN 97815234-025-1-9
^ a b c d "Bullet Fired Accidentally Kills Singer". The Evening Independent. September 3, 1934. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ a b "Russ Columbo Doesn't Croon". Milwaukee Journal. November 1, 1931. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Theatre Offerings for Next Week: At the Princess". Montreal Gazette. November 4, 1933. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ a b Kilgallen, Dorothy (June 5, 1941). "Voice of Broadway". The Miami News. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Radio's Valentino" (PDF). Radio Guide. New York: Radio Guide, Inc. December 5, 1931.
^ "Russ Columbo Dies By Accidental Shot". The Miami News. September 3, 1934. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Russ Columbo Is Accidentally Slain". The Rock Hill Herald. September 4, 1934. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Columbo's Death Held Accidental". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. September 6, 1934. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Coroner's Jury Hears Story of Colombo's Death". Berkeley Daily Gazette. September 5, 1934. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Other Columbo Gun Unloaded". The Miami News. September 5, 1934. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Timely Closeups From Hollywood: Columbo Ceremonial". The Day. September 6, 1934. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Mrs. Columbo is Not Yet Aware of Son's Death". The Ososso Argus-Press. September 4, 1934. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ "Death of Russ Columbo's Mother Ends Tender Hoax". The Miami News. August 31, 1944. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ Camden People, Russ Columbo accessed 5.7.13
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Russ Columbo.
Good introduction to Columbo--some basic facts implemented into this article
Some reviews of a Russ Columbo book from Feral House
Russ Columbo on IMDb
Russ Columbo at Find a Grave
Russ Columbo, from Survey of American Popular Music by Frank Hoffmann (modified for the web by Robert Birkline)
MusicBrainz: 4482c264-4ef5-410d-b028-a83ce2fdbec4
SNAC: w67s8vc7
WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 3399339
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russ_Columbo&oldid=915351453"
Accidental deaths in California
American crooners
American male film actors
American jazz musicians
American male singers
American people of Italian descent
American pop singers
American violinists
American male violinists
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Deaths by firearm in California
Firearm accident victims in the United States
Musicians from Camden, New Jersey
20th-century American male actors
20th-century violinists
20th-century American singers
Male actors of Italian descent
20th-century male singers
Male jazz musicians
Traditional pop music singers | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,960 |
Traffic is down in week four—giving AAR Senior Vice President Policy and Economics John T. Gray reason not to smile. Still, for the month of January, it's up overall—which is reason to smile!
U.S. rail traffic for the week ending Jan. 26, 2019 dipped a bit, the Association of American Railroads (AAR) reported on Jan. 30. But for the month of January, it registered a nice gain over the prior-year period.
For the week, total U.S. weekly rail traffic was 522,026 carloads and intermodal units, down 4% compared with the same week last year.
Total carloads for the week ending Jan. 26 were 248,937 carloads, down 4.7% compared with the same week in 2018, while U.S. weekly intermodal volume was 273,089 containers and trailers, down 3.3% compared to 2018.
Two of the 10 carload commodity groups posted an increase compared with the same week in 2018. They were petroleum and petroleum products, up 2,121 carloads, to 13,627; and chemicals, up 297 carloads, to 31,190. Commodity groups that posted decreases compared with the same week in 2018 included coal, down 4,400 carloads, to 82,471; miscellaneous carloads, down 2,695 carloads, to 8,246; and nonmetallic minerals, down 2,503 carloads, to 30,172.
For the first four weeks of 2019, U.S. railroads reported cumulative volume of 995,769 carloads, up 4.6% from the same point last year; and 1,060,598 intermodal units, up 3.2% from last year. Total combined U.S. traffic for the first four weeks of 2019 was 2,056,367 carloads and intermodal units, an increase of 3.9% compared to last year.
North American rail volume for the week ending January 26, 2019, on 12 reporting U.S., Canadian and Mexican railroads totaled 347,141 carloads, down 4.1% compared with the same week last year, and 352,380 intermodal units, down 4.3% compared with last year. Total combined weekly rail traffic in North America was 699,521 carloads and intermodal units, down 4.2%. North American rail volume for the first four weeks of 2019 was 2,780,179 carloads and intermodal units, up 4% compared with 2018.
Canadian railroads reported 80,560 carloads for the week, up 2.2%, and 66,650 intermodal units, down 1.1% compared with the same week in 2018. For the first four weeks of 2019, Canadian railroads reported cumulative rail traffic volume of 590,626 carloads, containers and trailers, up 8.3%.
Mexican railroads reported 17,644 carloads for the week, down 19.3% compared with the same week last year, and 12,641 intermodal units, down 31.5%. Cumulative volume on Mexican railroads for the first four weeks of 2019 was 133,186 carloads and intermodal containers and trailers, down 10.6% from the same point last year. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,961 |
Q: Optimize slow correlated query in Oracle SQL I made a query which works, but is a little slow in my opinion. When I suppress the output to 10 rows, it takes 13 minutes to perform the query. This is the query, stripped from some stuff:
SELECT
(SELECT ANSWER
FROM (
SELECT to_number(fiit.ANSWER, '999') ANSWER,
foin.CLIENT_ID id,
foin.STARTDATE start_date,
row_number() over(PARTITION BY foin.CLIENT_ID ORDER BY foin.FORM_ID ASC) rnk
FROM forms_filled foin, forms_items_filled fiit, treatment trtm
WHERE foin.FORM_ID = fiit.FORM_ID
AND foin.CLIENT_ID = trtm.CLIENT_ID
AND fiit.FORM_NUMBER = 607
AND fiit.FORM_ITEM_NUMBER = 3779
AND length(fiit.ANSWER) >= 1
AND trtm.TREATMENTCODE = 'K'
AND trtm.ENDDATE BETWEEN TRUNC(to_date('01/01/2014', 'dd/mm/yyyy'), 'DDD') AND TRUNC(to_date('31/12/2014', 'dd/mm/yyyy'), 'DDD')
AND foin.STARTDATE BETWEEN trtm.STARTDATUM AND NVL(trtm.ENDDATE, to_date('01/01/9999', 'dd/mm/yyyy'))
) inn
WHERE rnk = 1
AND inn.id = client.CLIENT_ID
) form1
FROM treatment trtm, CLIENT client
WHERE trtm.TREATMENTCODE = 'K'
AND client.CLIENT_ID = trtm.CLIENT_ID
AND trtm.ENDDATE BETWEEN TRUNC(to_date('01/01/2014', 'dd/mm/yyyy'), 'DDD') AND TRUNC(to_date('31/12/2014', 'dd/mm/yyyy'), 'DDD')
The outer query results in 175 clients who have a particular treatment code and have a treatment enddate in 2014. Now for each of these clients a lot of other data is retrieved (like name, age, treatment hours) which is not relevant and I left out now. Then there are about 30 similar subqueries, which retrieve answers from forms. I used a correlated query, because to retrieve the answers from these forms, the client id must be known. If that was the only thing the subquery needed to find the data, it wouldn't be a problem, but there is an other requirement: the retrieved forms must be filled in within the treatment period, because I couldn't find a way to push this data from the outer query to the sub-sub-query, I query this again in the subsubquery, which is causing the slow speed.
The reason to have a subquery and a subsubquery is because the N-th ranking answer from a form must be found. In a previous version of my code I didn't have the treatmentcode, treatment start and enddate requirements in the where clause of the subsubquery. This caused the subsubquery to come up with e.g. 4 results which were ranked 1,2,3,4 but not necessarily of forms created within the treatment period, which is wrong.
So adding these lines:
AND trtm.TREATMENTCODE = 'K'
AND trtm.ENDDATE BETWEEN TRUNC(to_date('01/01/2014', 'dd/mm/yyyy'), 'DDD')
AND TRUNC(to_date('31/12/2014', 'dd/mm/yyyy'), 'DDD')
AND foin.STARTDATE BETWEEN trtm.STARTDATUM AND NVL(trtm.ENDDATE, to_date('01/01/9999', 'dd/mm/yyyy'))
caused the query to be correct, where it was not completely correct before. They also caused the query to take several hours, instead of ~40 seconds for 175 rows.
My question now is, how can I rewrite this query to make it faster? I use Oracle 11.2.40 in combination with Toad Data Point 3.5, but I can't see the explain plan unfortunately.
A: If you use the keep keyword to get the first value, you can dispense with the nested subqueries. This, in turn, allows you to use a query correlated with the outer query, so you don't have to re-calculate the results for all rows to get the value for a given row.
The query would look like:
SELECT (SELECT max(to_number(fiit.ANSWER, '999')) keep (dense_rank first order by foin.FORM_ID ASC)
FROM forms_filled foin JOIN
forms_items_filled fiit
ON foin.FORM_ID = fiit.FORM_ID
WHERE foin.CLIENT_ID = trtm.CLIENT_ID AND
fiit.FORM_NUMBER = 607
fiit.FORM_ITEM_NUMBER = 3779 AND
length(fiit.ANSWER) >= 1 AND
foin.STARTDATE BETWEEN trtm.STARTDATUM AND NVL(trtm.ENDDATE, DATE '1999-01-01')
)
I also encourage you to use modern explicit join syntax and the date keyword for expressing date constants.
A: You have a lot of superfluous constructs in here, like TRUNC(to_date('31/12/2014', 'dd/mm/yyyy'), 'DDD'). You are calling trunc saying "strip off any time component" and then passing it a constructed date without a time component to begin with. Just say date '2014-01-01' and be done with it.
As for working with date ranges, if you want to select dates that are in, say, 2014, the best way is to compare like this: myDate >= date '2014-01-01' and myDate < date '2015-01-01'. This way you don't have to worry about myDate having a time component and what that time value may be. Save between for data types with discreet values or dates you know are already in the discreet components you want.
None of these suggestion are a solution to your particular problem. But get into the habit of writing "skinny" code in the first place and it will simplify your search for the problem if it ever runs too slowly.
One major recommendation that will probably speed up your query but even if not will significantly simplify it so increases the maintainability, is to remove subqueries from the select list.
In general, for complicated queries, don't try to write the entire thing in one go. Select a table (treatment in your case) and select the data you know you will be needing. Examine the results. Get to know it if you don't already. Make sure it is complete and accurate.
select t.CLIENT_ID, t.TREATMENTCODE, t.ENDDATE
from treatment t
where t.TREATMENTCODE = 'K'
and t.ENDDATE >= date '2014-01-01'
and t.ENDDATE < date '2015-01-01';
Now join the next table to it, adding to the select list the data you want to see from that table, removing the data from the first that you are satisfied with and don't otherwise need.
select t.CLIENT_ID, c.CLIENT_ID
from treatment t
join client c
on c.CLIENT_ID = t.CLIENT_ID
where t.TREATMENTCODE = 'K'
and t.ENDDATE >= date '2014-01-01'
and t.ENDDATE < date '2015-01-01';
Add any fields you need in the select list to verify you are getting exactly the right result (for the conditions you have specified so far). Repeat for each of the other tables, adding them one at a time until you get the final result. This way, if you suddenly start getting wrong results, you'll know which table started the problem.
Your final result set may contain lots of rows you don't need. That's ok as long as it contains all of the rows you do need. Save the filtering for the last as you want to be able to see all the data the query is generating. When you know the data contains everything you need, the final step is to filter out unwanted results until you have only what you want. But being able to see all the data can show you many ways to perform that filtering, ways that may not be obvious if you filter out data early.
I don't have any test data so I can't test my candidate below. However, it should be fairly close unless I've completely missed something (a distinct possibility). If nothing else, maybe it can point you toward a solution.
SELECT c.CLIENT_ID, to_number( fif.ANSWER, '999' ) form1
FROM treatment t
join CLIENT c
on c.CLIENT_ID = t.CLIENT_ID
join forms_filled ff
on ff.CLIENT_ID = c.CLIENT_ID
join forms_items_filled fif
on fif.FORM_ID = ff.FORM_ID
WHERE t.TREATMENTCODE = 'K'
and fif.FORM_NUMBER = 607
AND fif.FORM_ITEM_NUMBER = 3779
AND length( fif.ANSWER ) >= 1
AND t.ENDDATE >= date '2014-01-01'
AND t.ENDDATE < date '2015-01-01'
AND ff.STARTDATE BETWEEN t.STARTDATUM AND NVL(t.ENDDATE, date '9999-12-31');
One other suggestion: when you have a field like end_date, the first impulse is to use NULL as an indicator of "there is no end date yet defined." Try setting it to NOT NULL and using a default of the Max Date value, date '9999-12-31'. This means the same thing and simplifies comparisons by getting rid of the need for nvl or other ways of handling NULL values.
Edit: Oops. I had moved the windowing function to get it out of the way because I was only after partial results. It got included when I cut/pasted the code.
Oh well, may as well include that in a final answer.
with
Partial( CLIENT_ID, form1, rnk )as(
SELECT c.CLIENT_ID, to_number( fif.ANSWER, '999' ) form1,
row_number() over(PARTITION BY ff.CLIENT_ID ORDER BY ff.FORM_ID ASC) rnk
FROM treatment t
join CLIENT c
on c.CLIENT_ID = t.CLIENT_ID
join forms_filled ff
on ff.CLIENT_ID = c.CLIENT_ID
join forms_items_filled fif
on fif.FORM_ID = ff.FORM_ID
WHERE t.TREATMENTCODE = 'K'
and fif.FORM_NUMBER = 607
AND fif.FORM_ITEM_NUMBER = 3779
AND fif.ANSWER is not null
AND t.ENDDATE >= date '2014-01-01'
AND t.ENDDATE < date '2015-01-01'
AND ff.STARTDATE BETWEEN t.STARTDATUM AND NVL(t.ENDDATE, date '9999-12-31')
)
select CLIENT_ID, form1
from Partial
where rnk = 1;
Assuming this gets you pretty close, if you look at the execution plan between this one and your original, you should see a significant improvement.
And one other change. You are testing a string to make sure it has at least one character. In Oracle that is not necessary as an empty string is treated as a NULL. Just check for NOT NULL.
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 9,962 |
Using a competency model in the organization is a way to integrate all the HR management processes (selection, training and development, performance management, motivation, etc.).
skills, abilities, behaviors, and attitudes that lead to high performance are specified.
We assist you in the process of developing and implementing an explicit set of expectations described in detail by behavioral indicators – examples of behaviors derived from practice, clear and measurable actions and behavior that define the successful performance of the employee. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,963 |
package io.fabric8.certmanager.api.model.v1alpha2;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnyGetter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnySetter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonPropertyOrder;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonDeserialize;
import io.fabric8.certmanager.api.model.acme.v1alpha2.ACMEIssuer;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.Container;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ContainerPort;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.EnvVar;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.IntOrString;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.KubernetesResource;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.LabelSelector;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.LocalObjectReference;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ObjectMeta;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ObjectReference;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.PersistentVolumeClaim;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.PodTemplateSpec;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ResourceRequirements;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.Volume;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.VolumeMount;
import io.sundr.builder.annotations.Buildable;
import io.sundr.builder.annotations.BuildableReference;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.ToString;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
@JsonDeserialize(using = com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonDeserializer.None.class)
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
@JsonPropertyOrder({
"apiVersion",
"kind",
"metadata",
"acme",
"ca",
"selfSigned",
"vault",
"venafi"
})
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
@Setter
@Accessors(prefix = {
"_",
""
})
@Buildable(editableEnabled = false, validationEnabled = false, generateBuilderPackage = false, lazyCollectionInitEnabled = false, builderPackage = "io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.builder", refs = {
@BuildableReference(ObjectMeta.class),
@BuildableReference(LabelSelector.class),
@BuildableReference(Container.class),
@BuildableReference(PodTemplateSpec.class),
@BuildableReference(ResourceRequirements.class),
@BuildableReference(IntOrString.class),
@BuildableReference(ObjectReference.class),
@BuildableReference(LocalObjectReference.class),
@BuildableReference(PersistentVolumeClaim.class),
@BuildableReference(EnvVar.class),
@BuildableReference(ContainerPort.class),
@BuildableReference(Volume.class),
@BuildableReference(VolumeMount.class)
})
public class IssuerSpec implements KubernetesResource
{
@JsonProperty("acme")
private ACMEIssuer acme;
@JsonProperty("ca")
private CAIssuer ca;
@JsonProperty("selfSigned")
private SelfSignedIssuer selfSigned;
@JsonProperty("vault")
private VaultIssuer vault;
@JsonProperty("venafi")
private VenafiIssuer venafi;
@JsonIgnore
private Map<String, Object> additionalProperties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
/**
* No args constructor for use in serialization
*
*/
public IssuerSpec() {
}
/**
*
* @param acme
* @param selfSigned
* @param venafi
* @param ca
* @param vault
*/
public IssuerSpec(ACMEIssuer acme, CAIssuer ca, SelfSignedIssuer selfSigned, VaultIssuer vault, VenafiIssuer venafi) {
super();
this.acme = acme;
this.ca = ca;
this.selfSigned = selfSigned;
this.vault = vault;
this.venafi = venafi;
}
@JsonProperty("acme")
public ACMEIssuer getAcme() {
return acme;
}
@JsonProperty("acme")
public void setAcme(ACMEIssuer acme) {
this.acme = acme;
}
@JsonProperty("ca")
public CAIssuer getCa() {
return ca;
}
@JsonProperty("ca")
public void setCa(CAIssuer ca) {
this.ca = ca;
}
@JsonProperty("selfSigned")
public SelfSignedIssuer getSelfSigned() {
return selfSigned;
}
@JsonProperty("selfSigned")
public void setSelfSigned(SelfSignedIssuer selfSigned) {
this.selfSigned = selfSigned;
}
@JsonProperty("vault")
public VaultIssuer getVault() {
return vault;
}
@JsonProperty("vault")
public void setVault(VaultIssuer vault) {
this.vault = vault;
}
@JsonProperty("venafi")
public VenafiIssuer getVenafi() {
return venafi;
}
@JsonProperty("venafi")
public void setVenafi(VenafiIssuer venafi) {
this.venafi = venafi;
}
@JsonAnyGetter
public Map<String, Object> getAdditionalProperties() {
return this.additionalProperties;
}
@JsonAnySetter
public void setAdditionalProperty(String name, Object value) {
this.additionalProperties.put(name, value);
}
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 9,964 |
A Montana federal judge who sent a racist e-mail about President Obama from his courthouse, and later said he did it because he was "not a fan of our president," will retire from the bench next month, according to the appeals court that investigated his conduct. U.S. District Judge Richard Cebull's February 2012 posting caused a furor and prompted civil rights groups to call for his resignation. Cebull then apologized to Obama for what he called his "serious mistake and lack of judgment," and later transferred to senior judicial status, effective last month, with a reduced caseload but a full salary. In a statement Tuesday on the website of the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco, Chief Judge Alex Kozinski said Cebull "has submitted his retirement letter" effective May 3.
After the message surfaced in Montana newspapers 10 days later, Cebull told reporters he had gotten the e-mail from his brother and had never intended for it to become public.
We see who got the last laugh on this one. SMH. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,965 |
July birthdays in the Northern Hemisphere can get their pick of summer fun and outdoor parties. See what your July birthday says about you.
A Cancer born on July 4 is symbolized by the Crab and has a humanitarian streak. Learn more about July 4 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born on July 14 is symbolized by the Crab and is quick-witted and highly verbal. Learn more about July 14 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 15 is symbolized by the Crab and is charming and extremely sensitive. Do you know a person born on this day? Learn about July 15 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 16 is symbolized by the Crab and is spiritual with an innate sense of self. Reincarnation is often the key element in the story of July 16 people and their families. Learn about July 16 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 17 is symbolized by the Crab and has a wonderful sense of humor. Ever wonder why people born on the same day seem to have the same traits? Learn about July 17 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 18 is symbolized by the Crab and is highly energetic and somewhat psychic. July 18 natives tend to seek out other high-powered types. Learn about July 18 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 19 is symbolized by the Crab and has a sweet temperament. July 19 natives can be quiet and inscrutable. Learn about July 19 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 20 is symbolized by the Crab and can see the positive side of any situation. Learn about July 20 birthday astrology and what people born on this day should embrace and avoid.
A Cancer born July 21 is symbolized by the Crab and is extremely sensitive. Were you born on July 21? Learn about July 21 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 22 is symbolized by the Crab and has a smart wit and edgy charm. July 22 natives may have more followers than friends. Learn about July 22 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born on July 8 is symbolized by the Crab and has a serious-minded and idealistic nature. July 8 people are often very selective about their friends. Learn about July 8 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born on July 9 is symbolized by the Crab and has great ambition. Learn about July 9 birthday astrology, and find out what to embrace and what to avoid if your birthday is July 9.
A Cancer born July 10 is symbolized by the Crab and possesses great self-discipline. Those born on this day are more conventional than they appear. Learn about July 10 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 11 is symbolized by the Crab and is a kind and generous person. Were you born on this day, or do you know someone who was? Learn more about July 11 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 12 is symbolized by the Crab and is a sociable person. July 12 natives are energized by people and genuinely care for others. Learn about July 12 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 13 is symbolized by the Crab and has a charismatic personality. Is July 13 your birthday? Learn about July 13 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born on July 1 is symbolized by the Crab and has a good-hearted and generous nature. Are you a July 1 baby, or do you know someone who is? Learn about July 1 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 2 is symbolized by the Crab and is skillful at self-analysis. Those born on this day will always find a way to use their abilities to shine. Learn about July 2 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 3 is symbolized by the Crab and has a mystical nature and exceptionally good taste. These individuals guard their private life closely. Learn about July 3 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 5 is symbolized by the Crab and is intelligent and enjoys the art of conversation. A July 5 native may claim to have never been sick. Learn about July 5 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 6 is symbolized by the Crab and has a down-to-earth and artistic nature. A July 6 native is also intensely loyal. Learn about July 6 birthday astrology.
A Cancer born July 7 is symbolized by the Crab and embraces self-improvement. July 7 natives often suffer from imaginary ailments. Learn about July 7 birthday astrology.
A Leo born on July 29 is symbolized by the Lion and adheres to a high standard of ethics. Those born on this day may not make friends easily. Learn more about July 29 birthday astrology.
A Leo born on July 30 is symbolized by the Lion and is creative in both a spiritual and tangible sense. If this is your birthday, you're likely to possess a singular charm. Learn more about July 30 birthday astrology.
A Leo born July 31, symbolized by the Lion, is creative, friendly, and full of great ideas. Are you a July 31 native, or do you know someone who is? Learn more about July 31 birthday astrology. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,966 |
Sage Francis Review
For those not familiar with Sage Fancis he is an American rapper, lyricist and poet. Rising to fame on the slam poetry scene, he won the emcee battle Scribble Jam back in 2000 and has since developed a cult following with his single 'Makeshift Patriot' and 2002's debut album 'Personal Journals'. He's a hard working DIY artist who runs his own label Strange Famous Records putting out releases and supporting underground rap artists. In short, he's associated with the likes of B.Dolan, Scroobius Pip, Buck 65 and Eyedea.
Sage Francis spends a lot of time on the road which, alongside his five studio albums, has earned him a strong reputation and a dedicated fan base. His show at The Haunt sits between sell-out dates in Bristol and London, part of the European leg of his world tour supporting the release of his new album 'Copper Gone'. His Brighton gig, while not sold out, is a busy one.
Sage comes on stage looking somewhat like a preacher with a black gown and gold necklace, his white hood up whilst wrapped in a black Strange Famous Records flag. There's a wild response from the crowd, and it's clear this show will be a little different from the three we've seen before. While Sage is often a one-man show this night sees him playing the beats via his laptop with no assistance whilst backed by a single projection of music videos and clips.
Starting with his new single 'Vonnegut Busy' he follows with his bigger tracks 'Crack Pipes', 'Sea Lion' and 'Escape Artist' with strong energy. It seems this bare bones approach to stage production, which could easily have fallen flat, is going to work as the crowd are singing the words right back. Whilst other artists could struggle with this set-up, Sage swings confidently between belting out crowd-pleasing classics, playing old tracks over new music and even turning off the beats to continue a capella to a respectfully quiet and engaged room. One minute he's hyping up the crowd and encouraging us to keep pace with his rapping, the next he's bringing the energy level down again with the more heartfelt, honest and sincere tracks like 'Agony In Her Body'. Alongside some quite spectacular dancing the likes of which we've not seen at a Sage show before, it makes for a hugely enjoyable night.
For the encore he brings on Scroobius Pip for two songs and their 'Ante Up' crowd-pleaser before finishing with 'It's Been A Hell Of Year' and 'Makeshift Patriot'. As is tradition with this current tour Sage steps down to join the crowd and doesn't leave until he's given a hug to everyone who wants one. There's a queue, just look at the final photo.
The Haunt, Tuesday 21st October 2014
Words and Photos by Mike Tudor
Sage Francis Review - Brighton Source | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,967 |
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