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The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat
N. Hagino, J. W. Goldzieher
17α-hydroxyprogesterone (up to 200 μg/day) and 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (up to 500 μg) had no effect on PMS-induced ovulation in intact immature rats. 10 μg/day of testosterone propionate (TP) on days 28–30 of life decreased the percent of animals ovulating and the number of ova produced; this effect persisted in adrenal-ectomized animals with or without corticosterone replacement. Three daily doses of 10 μg TP increased the electrical threshold of the medial preoplic area in pentobarbital-blocked, PMS-stimulated animals. and TP decreased the rate of release and synthesis of FSH during the ovulatory surge, and the storage and rate of release of LH ; it also inhibited the response to HCG in the PMS-primed animal, suggesting a direct target-organ effect.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000122338
11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
10.1159/000122338
Dive into the research topics of 'The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Testosterone Agricultural and Biological Sciences 100%
Animals Agricultural and Biological Sciences 100%
Animal Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 100%
Testosterone Propionate Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 75%
Immatures Agricultural and Biological Sciences 50%
Ovulation Agricultural and Biological Sciences 50%
Rats Agricultural and Biological Sciences 50%
Rat Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 50%
Hagino, N., & Goldzieher, J. W. (1975). The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat. Neuroendocrinology, 17(1), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1159/000122338
The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat. / Hagino, N.; Goldzieher, J. W.
In: Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1975, p. 27-39.
Hagino, N & Goldzieher, JW 1975, 'The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat', Neuroendocrinology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1159/000122338
Hagino N, Goldzieher JW. The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat. Neuroendocrinology. 1975;17(1):27-39. doi: 10.1159/000122338
Hagino, N. ; Goldzieher, J. W. / The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat. In: Neuroendocrinology. 1975 ; Vol. 17, No. 1. pp. 27-39.
@article{438a87b5181b4976a8cd4dba3839fce4,
title = "The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat",
abstract = "17α-hydroxyprogesterone (up to 200 μg/day) and 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (up to 500 μg) had no effect on PMS-induced ovulation in intact immature rats. 10 μg/day of testosterone propionate (TP) on days 28–30 of life decreased the percent of animals ovulating and the number of ova produced; this effect persisted in adrenal-ectomized animals with or without corticosterone replacement. Three daily doses of 10 μg TP increased the electrical threshold of the medial preoplic area in pentobarbital-blocked, PMS-stimulated animals. and TP decreased the rate of release and synthesis of FSH during the ovulatory surge, and the storage and rate of release of LH ; it also inhibited the response to HCG in the PMS-primed animal, suggesting a direct target-organ effect.",
keywords = "11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione, 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone, Ovulation, Testosterone",
author = "N. Hagino and Goldzieher, {J. W.}",
doi = "10.1159/000122338",
journal = "Neuroendocrinology",
publisher = "S. Karger AG",
T1 - The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat
AU - Hagino, N.
AU - Goldzieher, J. W.
N2 - 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (up to 200 μg/day) and 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (up to 500 μg) had no effect on PMS-induced ovulation in intact immature rats. 10 μg/day of testosterone propionate (TP) on days 28–30 of life decreased the percent of animals ovulating and the number of ova produced; this effect persisted in adrenal-ectomized animals with or without corticosterone replacement. Three daily doses of 10 μg TP increased the electrical threshold of the medial preoplic area in pentobarbital-blocked, PMS-stimulated animals. and TP decreased the rate of release and synthesis of FSH during the ovulatory surge, and the storage and rate of release of LH ; it also inhibited the response to HCG in the PMS-primed animal, suggesting a direct target-organ effect.
AB - 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (up to 200 μg/day) and 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (up to 500 μg) had no effect on PMS-induced ovulation in intact immature rats. 10 μg/day of testosterone propionate (TP) on days 28–30 of life decreased the percent of animals ovulating and the number of ova produced; this effect persisted in adrenal-ectomized animals with or without corticosterone replacement. Three daily doses of 10 μg TP increased the electrical threshold of the medial preoplic area in pentobarbital-blocked, PMS-stimulated animals. and TP decreased the rate of release and synthesis of FSH during the ovulatory surge, and the storage and rate of release of LH ; it also inhibited the response to HCG in the PMS-primed animal, suggesting a direct target-organ effect.
KW - 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione
KW - 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
KW - Ovulation
U2 - 10.1159/000122338
DO - 10.1159/000122338
JO - Neuroendocrinology
JF - Neuroendocrinology | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,768 |
Ola Nordmann och Kari Nordmann är namn som används för att beskriva den genomsnittlige norrmannen. Namnen används antingen var för sig, för att beskriva en genomsnittlig person, eller tillsammans, för att beskriva en genomsnittlig norsk familj.
Namnen motsvarar Medelsvensson i Sverige.
Referenser
Externa länkar
Ola och Kari Nordmann hos Statistisk Sentralbyrå
Retoriska personer | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 9,769 |
I am an avid card maker that likes to learn and share all that is artsy. Stay tuned as I navigate through the binaries to post some awesome cards I have made.
My Favorite Things recently came out with this sweet swinging girl with a little bunny watching her swing her worries away.
Sometimes we need to be reminded we are not alone. Maybe we can make others feel better by showing them some love and in return, we also can reap benefit from being kind to others. Totally stole that from the show "After Life". Hope you like her!
Cute little new stamp set. I also purchased the matching dies.
Alcohol ink creation. Usually I don't plan a scene, but I wanted a "sun" in the background. I used Yupo paper.
This is also a new MFT die set. This is to make your images swing on a pendulum, make an actually swing or use the triangle to attach two pieces and make it swing. Like I did for this card.
This die can be used as tree coverage or clouds in the sky. I cut two different color card stock pieces and attached to each other.
I have had this woodsy die for a while and did not label from where I bought this.
This card is 4 1/4 x 5 1/2 top folding. The little flowers are from Hobby Lobby, I think!!!
Follow me on at http://www.Facebook.com/CharCards2017 for more creations. Thank you!
So very ready for summer!
I love using new mediums! Ranger's alcohol inks on Yupo paper blend and run together beautifully. I used the creamsicle stamp from Unity Stamp Company's Kit of the Month for February. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,770 |
Days Out By County
Days Out By Waterway
Berkshire - Kennet & Avon Canal and Thames - Theale to Thames Valley Business Park, Reading
This page was submitted by Keith Day (E-mail this submitter)
How to get there - Theale is at Junction 12 of the M4 and the launch site is just over a mile from this junction.
From the M4 turn south onto the A4. At the first roundabout turn left and follow the signs for the station which will involve turning right at the next two roundabouts and left at the third. You will immediately pass over the railway and will shortly come to a narrow bridge (controlled by traffic lights) over a branch of the river Kennet. Immediately after this you will pass over the navigable channel.
Turn left into the public car park. There is a height restriction at the entrance so be careful if you have your canoe on the roof. We had no problem but you will need to check for yourself.
For those with SatNav a nearby postcode is RG7 4AJ.
Get a map with driving directions to start or end (enter the postcode of your starting point at A)
Suggested Launch Site - Park at the far side of the car park from where you can see the lock a short walk away. You can launch from the towpath at either end of the lock. For this trip, launch to the right of the lock and travel northeast.
General Description - This is a one way trip of 6 1/2 miles and 6 portages. It ends at the car park to the Wokingham Waterside Centre (see map) so you will need to have left a car here or arranged return transport. For those with SatNav the postcode is RG6 1PQ.
Having launched at Sheffield Lock, set off right (northeast) and in half a mile you with reach Garston Lock, one of the few turf sided locks remaining on the canal, which you portage on the right. This is shortly followed by the M4 bridge and a pedestrian bridge. A further half mile and some sharp bends brings you to the start of the next canalised section avoiding the weir on the right. Portage the next lock to the left then rejoin the river. In half a mile you will come to the Cunning Man pub (see Burghfield History) at Burgfield Bridge and a further half mile, avoiding the weir on the right, brings you to Fobney Lock.
The canal now turns sharp left and enters the industrial suburbs of Reading. In two miles you will pass under the Reading inner ring road followed by County lock (portage on right). You will now pass through the Oracle shopping centre and the town centre section of the navigation. This section can be quite fast flowing following heavy rain and a section is controlled by traffic lights.
All too soon you will reach Blakes lock (portage on the left) and half a mile further on, enter the Thames next to the gasometers. Turn right (east) here and your recovery point will be on the right bank at the Wokingham Waterside Centre (see map & photo)
Start Map
End Map
What licence do I need?
Burghfield History
Blakes Lock Museum
The last trip loaded was Great Haywood to Great Haywood (Circular Route) on the River Trent / Trent & Mersey Canal by Peter Robinson
About the Siteowner
E-mail your comments and suggestions | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,771 |
All music performing groups meet three days of the six day cycle. Students choosing to participate in multiple performing groups are limited to choosing two of the three main groups (i.e. choir/band, band/orchestra, orchestra/choir).
(For the more advanced musicians) Jazz Band and Chamber Ensemble are designed for the more dedicated musician to expose them to more challenging music. Both groups perform winter & spring concerts and also have a number of performances in the community. These advanced groups meet in the morning at each middle school and are open to audition. Students that wish to participate in these groups must also be involved in the correlating larger ensemble (i.e. Orchestra, Band).
(For the more advanced musicians) Jazz Band and Chamber Ensemble are designed for the more dedicated musician to expose them to more challenging music. Both groups perform winter & spring concerts and also have a number of performances in the community. These advanced groups meet in the morning at Indian Crest and are open to audition. Students that wish to participate in these groups must also be involved in the correlating larger ensemble (i.e. Orchestra, Band). | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,772 |
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The time period for which MentorcliQ keeps information varies according to what the information is used for. In some cases, there are legal requirements to keep information for a minimum period. Unless there is a specific legal requirement for MentorcliQ to keep the information, MentorcliQ will keep personal information for so long as it is necessary for the purpose for which it was collected or for such other purposes for which consent has been obtained or MentorcliQ is otherwise permitted or authorized by law to use the Personal Information.
Any questions or concerns regarding the use or disclosure of Personal Information should be directed to MentorcliQ's Privacy Officer ([email protected]). MentorcliQ will investigate and attempt to resolve complaints and disputes regarding use and disclosure of Personal Information by reference to the principles contained in this Policy.
MentorcliQ has further committed to refer unresolved privacy complaints under the EU-U.S. and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield Principles to an independent dispute resolution mechanism, the BBB EU PRIVACY SHIELD, operated by the Council of Better Business Bureaus. If you do not receive timely acknowledgment of your complaint, or if your complaint is not satisfactorily addressed, please visit www.bbb.org/EU-privacy-shield/for-eu-consumers/ for more information and to file a complaint.
Under certain limited conditions ,an EU individual may invoke last resort binding arbitration before the Privacy Shield Panel. MentorcliQ may be required to disclose an individual's personal information in response to a lawful request by public authorities, including to meet national security or law enforcement requirements. MentorcliQ has potential liability in cases of onward transfers of Privacy Shield data to third parties. The United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is the enforcement authority with jurisdiction over this compliance with the Privacy Shield. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,773 |
I was talking about this at IRC and as a workaround I was suggested creating pulley shortcut for closing the Android Support and with some help I managed to create one. You need sudo for this.
Create a script to stop the service.
Create .desktop file to /usr/share/applications, I copied htop.desktop.
Add the shortcut to settings.
The StopAndroid app should now be visible in the app launcher and you can add it to the shortcut/pulley menu and easily close it from there.
Thanks Coderus, Nicd- and tbr. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,774 |
It seems that every other person these days has a book in them, whether it's a book to tell their own story, a novel, or a book to complement their business. Do you recognise yourself in this?
How many of those people actually write their book? I don't mean start writing it and leave off a thousand words in, or get an outline put together and do a bit of research about CreateSpace… I mean actually write an entire book. I don't mean writing a first draft and then leaving it to gather dust in a drawer, either.
Elizabeth Gilbert (she's the one who wrote Eat Pray Love) in her fabulous book Big Magic, which is about living a creative life, tells us about her idea for a book that got away. She started working on it, then for one reason and another she abandoned it. The idea left her and found someone else to write it. Someone else wrote the book instead of her.
Chances are, seeing as you're reading this article, you've got an idea for a book. It could be a book you've been looking for but haven't found anywhere. It could be a book which will motivate and help a particular group of people – people who really need to hear what you've got to say.
Here's the thing. If you don't write it, they'll never hear it, unless they hear it from someone else.
So why don't YOU write it?
Excuse number one you might be making… "I don't have time…" or "I'll do it when I've got more time…" Let me ask you this: WHEN do you imagine you are going to have more time? When the kids are older? When they move out? When you win the lottery? When you're in a residential home for the elderly?
How do you think those people who HAVE written books managed to do so, or at least when they were writing their first book? Few of us have a writing hut we can escape to for hours on end. What you do – what we ALL have to do – is fit your writing into the cracks in your life. That half hour when the kids are at their swimming lesson. That lunch break. That time between dinner and bed. If scrolling on social media is more important to you, carry on. If that soap opera is so vital, don't let me stop you. Crack on. Someone else can write your book instead of you.
If you really want to write your book, you will. If you want to find excuses, you will.
Excuse number two you might be making… "It's too hard." Writing a book IS hard – at least, writing a book worth reading is hard. There are various promotions out there which promise that you can be published thirty days from now. You could be, indeed. That doesn't mean what you'll have written will be any good.
It was Ernest Hemingway, apparently, who wrote, "The first draft of anything is sh*t." In thirty days, you could possibly write a first draft of something. Or anything. Would you be happy with that as your legacy, though?
If you want to put in the work, you will. If you want to decide it's too hard, you will. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,775 |
Char-Koosta News: Salish Kootenai College Awarded New Grants
PABLO — Salish Kootenai College will receive $2.3 million from the U.S. Department of Education as part of more than $50.4 million in new grants to support American Indian Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities in a dozen states. Tribal colleges in Montana received $10.2 million.
Under the Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Program, the formula-based grants will help eligible higher education institutions increase their self-sufficiency by providing funds to strengthen their academic quality, management and overall fiscal stability.
"Tribal institutions serve a valuable role for American Indian students," said William Mendoza, executive director, White House Initiative on American Indian and Alaska Native Education. "As accredited institutions, tribal colleges are unique. In addition to functioning in a similar fashion to community colleges or small, public four-year schools, they support the preservation and revitalization of Native languages and serve other cultural needs of their students. They deliver instruction in culturally appropriate ways, thereby promoting tribal culture and academic achievement."
"Montana's tribal colleges provide valuable educational and job training services to Native American students across our state," said Senator Steve Daines, a member of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, in a press release. "These grants will help our tribal colleges continue serving Montana's tribal members and preparing students for success in their future careers."
To qualify for funding, institutions must meet the federal definition of the term "tribally controlled college or university." That is, they must be formally controlled, or have been formally sanctioned or chartered by the governing body of an Indian tribe or tribes. No more than one institution shall be recognized with respect to any individual tribe.
The Obama Administration is committed to expanding educational opportunities and improving educational outcomes for American Indian and Alaskan Native children. As demonstrated by President Obama's Executive Order on Improving American Indian and Alaska Native Educational Opportunities and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities, the Administration continues to work to improve the programs available at tribal colleges so that Native students are well prepared to compete for the high-skilled, quality jobs of today and tomorrow. Last year, the President announced the launch of Generation Indigenous (Gen I), a Native youth initiative focused on removing the barriers that stand between Native youth and their opportunities to succeed.
Source: Char-Koosta News | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,776 |
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Urgent reformation of our food system needed
Introducing a new Chatham House report on food systems and biodiversity loss, in partnership with Compassion and UNEP.
We are excited to launch in partnership with Chatham House and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), a new Chatham House report: 'Food System Impacts on Biodiversity Loss'.
UNEP is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.
Chatham House is an independent policy institute whose mission is to help governments and societies build a sustainably secure, prosperous, and just world.
Biodiversity is in crisis
Biodiversity, crucial to public and planetary health, is declining faster than at any time in human history. Humanity relies on the earth's natural systems to regulate the environment, maintain a habitable planet, and produce food. Paradoxically, the way we have been producing food over the last 50 years has been driving a catastrophic loss in biodiversity.
On Wednesday, February 3rd, during a free, online event, Philip Lymbery, our Global CEO, joined by Inger Andersen, Executive Director at UNEP; Professor Tim Benton, Research Director at Chatham House; and Jane Goodall, PhD, DBE, Founder – the Jane Goodall Institute, and UN Messenger of Peace will present the new report.
In an engaging live discussion, they will review the impacts our global food system has on biodiversity and explore the ways in which we can achieve nature-friendly food production across the globe.
We invite you to join us to this special session on Wednesday, February 3 at 8 am EST. Registration is open here! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,778 |
Q: jquery - required help in convert json to javascript array I have json data like this.
[{"data":"85"},{"data":"83"},{"data":"75"},{"data":"87"},{"data":"86"},{"data":"0"},{"data":"84"}].
I wanted to remove the "data": and curly brackets.
I wanted the output to be like this.
[85,83,75,87,86,0,84]
Someone please help me on converting it to like that.
A: You tagged your question with jQuery, so heres an answer using it:
var input = [{ "data": "85" }, { "data": "83" }, { "data": "75" }, { "data": "87" }, { "data": "86" }, { "data": "0" }, { "data": "84" }];
var output = $.map(input, function (e) { return e.data; });
A: var newArray = [];
jsonData.forEach(function(i) {
newArray.push(i.data);
});
Where jsonData is the name of the variable storing your JSON data.
A: Loop through the array and extract data value like this
var obj= [{"data":"85"},{"data":"83"},{"data":"75"},{"data":"87"},{"data":"86"},{"data":"0"},{"data":"84"}];
var arr = [];
for ( var i = 0; i < obj.length;i++){
arr.push(obj[i].data);
}
A: Please check the following code.
var myMessage = [{"data":"85"},{"data":"83"},{"data":"75"},{"data":"87"},{"data":"86"},{"data":"0"},{"data":"84"}];
var obj2 = eval(myMessage);
var myArray = new Array();
for(var i in obj2){
myArray[i] = obj2[i].data;
}
console.log(myArray);
Cheers Subh
A: var msg = '[{"data":"85"},{"data":"83"},{"data":"75"},{"data":"87"},{"data":"86"},{"data":"0"},{"data":"84"}]';
var msgObject = JSON.parse(msg);
var output = new Array();
for (var i = 0; i < msgObject.length; i++) {
output.push(msgObject[i].data);
}
alert(JSON.stringify(outputObject));
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 9,779 |
Sections Coastal News State News National News Gulf News Global News Sports News Editorial Special Report Guest Editorial Islam Interview Technology Public Voice Legal Corner Incidents Don't Miss NewsVoir Food & Culture
Farmstays in Karjat are the New Monsoon Getaway Hotspot for the People of Mumbai
Source: NewsVoir | Published on 30th June 2017, 3:00 PM | NewsVoir |
Mumbai got relief from the record breaking summer temperature with the arrival of monsoon recently. As the city gears up to have a good shower this full season, the citizens of Mumbai have started planning their holidays. An independent survey conducted with travel enthusiast and travel bloggers from Mumbai revealed that Karjat is the top choice for people planning weekend getaways this monsoon. The results of the survey also showed that people chose farmstays and homestays over spending time in a luxurious hotel.
Farmstays in Karjat
Karjat is a beautiful and a picturesque village in the Raigad district near Navi Mumbai and is dotted with lush green agricultural fields and farm houses. This small and unexplored destination is gaining popularity among adventure seekers as well as people who wish to spend a laid-back time closer to nature. Mr. Miten Saraiya, CEO of Attra's Holiday and Camping Farms in Karjat said, "Life in cities like Mumbai and Pune are moving at a very rapid pace. Therefore it has become more essential for people to spend some quality time closer to the nature. At Attra's Holiday and Camping Farms, you get a chance to get back to the natural state of mind. Our property is spread across 10 acres of lush green land with over 450 mango trees and we have activities like horse riding, rifle shooting, cricket and a football turf in the farm itself. People can simply walk around the farm and see tress like mango, guava, chickoo and many other vegetable plantations. We have 3 huge well-maintained bungalows ideal for big groups and families and provide freshly cooked home-made food to our visitors."
"Traditionally hill stations like Lonavala, Matheran and Mahabhaleshwar have been popular among tourist from Mumbai and Pune. But with the huge popularity and overcrowding of these places, people are now looking for newer options much closer to the city. Karjat has been a clear winner when it comes to offering something new for tourist. There is also a rise in the number of people preferring local and home-made food over ordering from the restaurants of the hotels", said an author from Musafir Hoon Yaaron. "In the last couple of years, there has been a surge in the number of inquiries we have got. For adventure enthusiasts, we organize treks to the nearby hills, while the nature lovers can spend some time at the nearby Morbe dam. Attra's is also a perfect destination for corporates who are keen on conducting team bonding exercises. Our qualified and well-trained staff ensure that our visitors get the best experience and learn a few things that they may not have known before", adds Miten Saraiya.
Farmstays in Karjat are the New Monsoon Getaway Hotspot for the People of Mumbai http://sonews.in/f4UAt
THE REGREEN CHENNAI - A Movement for Reviving Green Cover of the City Inaugurated Today
About 1 lakh well grown saplings to be planted before the oncoming monsoon
KUBE to Launch in Mumbai
With its urban, kitschy interiors Mumbai's newest bar and lounge, KUBE, has a lot going for it. With KUBE, CRE8 Enterttainment & Hospittality Pvt. Ltd. bring a quirky and happening bar that encapsulates the essence of ...
Dhinchak Pooja Becomes India's Latest Online Viral Sensation
Her youtube channel attracts an average viewership of 2.65 million views per month
The Trailer of Much Awaited Film Yeh Hai India Launched
The trailer of the much talked about film Yeh Hai India was launched today. The movie has been making buzz for the last few months, especially after the launch of its motion poster. Yeh Hai India has also been to the ...
Policybazaar.com Launches a New Campaign for Car Insurance
Policybazaar.com, India's largest insurance website and comparison portal, has launched a new advertising campaign with the tagline "Policybazaar pe compare karke car insurance khareedo aur Rs. 8000 tak bachao" ...
Magniflex Unveils Anti-snoring Mattress, Magni SmarTech, in India
Magniflex, Italy's largest and most innovative mattress company brings the revolutionary technology in Sleep in India as they unveils anti-snoring mattress, Magni SmarTech, the smartest mattress in India. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,780 |
This page shows all the Schemes of Indiabulls Mutual Fund across Equity, Debt and Hybrid categories. Pertinent information on the Schemes like NAV, Expense Ratio, 1 Year Return, Assets under Management, Style Box and most importantly Scheme Ratings are shown in the page. Equity Style box shows Fund Valuation in the X axis and Market Capitalisation in the Y axis. Debt Funds Style Box shows Credit Quality in the X axis and Interest Rate Sensitivity in the Y axis. Ratings of a fund ranges from 1 star to 5 stars with 5 being the maximum. The quantitative measures is a composite score factoring both Return and Risk of a fund. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,781 |
IBM Z13: World's Greatest Mainframe Computer?
New market forces are changing the face of every industry, requiring almost every business to transform and embrace digital business. This means supporting existing clients with new services and offerings, while helping new businesses and citizens gain access to products, services and societal benefits. A successful transformation requires an IT infrastructure that is efficient, secure, adaptive, and integrated. It must be designed to handle the explosive growth of increasingly mobile clients, be able to leverage vast amounts of new data, and provide deeper real-time insight at the point for greatest business impact. All deployed within a secure and resilient cloud ready infrastructure.
The IBM z13™ (z13) provides the infrastructure that will help differentiate a refined digital business. It offers the capacity and processing power to improve business performance and growth. The z13 helps better protect sensitive transactions to minimize business risk and client exposure, while helping to deliver on service level agreements for an exceptional customer experience. New economic efficiencies allow the z13 to offer more throughput and capabilities with less impact to the IT budget.
This entry was posted in Aidan On The Markets and tagged aidan doyle, ibm, manframe, z13. Bookmark the permalink. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,782 |
OF.Alerts = function() {};
OF.Alerts._MESSAGE_CONTAINER_TEMPLATE =
'<div class="modal fade">' +
'<div class="modal-dialog">' +
'<div class="modal-content">' +
'<div class="modal-header">' +
'<button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>' +
'<h4 class="modal-title"></h4>' +
'</div>' +
'<div class="modal-body"></div>' +
'<div class="modal-footer">' +
'<button type="button" class="btn btn-default ok-btn">Ok</button>' +
'</div>' +
'</div>' +
'</div>' +
'</div>';
OF.Alerts._messageContainer = null;
OF.Alerts._CONFIRM_CONTAINER_TEMPLATE =
'<div id="of-confirm-dialog" class="modal fade">' +
'<div class="modal-dialog">' +
'<div class="modal-content">' +
'<div class="modal-header">' +
'<button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>' +
'<h4 class="modal-title">Confirm</h4>' +
'</div>' +
'<div class="modal-body"></div>' +
'<div class="modal-footer">' +
'<button type="button" class="btn btn-default yes-btn">Yes</button>' +
'<button type="button" class="btn btn-default no-btn">No</button>' +
'</div>' +
'</div>' +
'</div>' +
'</div>';
/**
* Opens a confirm dialog.
* The dialog will appear in the fixed position specified or it will be horizontally and vertically centered.
*
* @param message
* @param yesHandler
* @param noHandler (optional)
* @param position (optional) object with top, left, right, bottom numeric values.
*/
OF.Alerts.confirm = function(message, yesHandler, noHandler, title) {
var dialog = $(OF.Alerts._CONFIRM_CONTAINER_TEMPLATE);
dialog.find(".modal-body").text(message);
var $yesBtn = dialog.find(".yes-btn");
$yesBtn.click(function(event){
dialog.remove();
if ( yesHandler) {
yesHandler();
}
});
var $noBtn = dialog.find(".no-btn");
$noBtn.click(function(event){
dialog.remove();
if (noHandler) {
noHandler();
}
});
var $closeBtn = dialog.find(".close");
$closeBtn.click(function(event) {
dialog.modal('hide');
});
if (title && title != '') {
dialog.find(".modal-title").text(title);
}
dialog.on('hide.bs.modal', function (e) {
dialog.remove();
});
var options = {
show: true,
keyboard: true
};
dialog.modal(options)
};
/**
* Shows application error message
*/
OF.Alerts.showError = function( message, hide ) {
OF.Alerts.showMessage("error", message, hide);
};
/**
* Shows application warning message
*/
OF.Alerts.warn = function( message, hide ) {
OF.Alerts.showMessage("warning", message, hide);
};
OF.Alerts.showWarning = function( message, hide ) {
OF.Alerts.warn(message, hide);
};
/**
* Shows application success message
*/
OF.Alerts.success = function( message, hide ) {
OF.Alerts.showMessage("success", message, hide);
};
OF.Alerts.showSuccess = function(message, hide) {
OF.Alerts.success(message, hide);
};
/**
* Shows application message
*/
OF.Alerts.showMessage = function(type, message, autoDismiss) {
var container = OF.Alerts._messageContainer;
if (container == null) {
container = $(OF.Alerts._MESSAGE_CONTAINER_TEMPLATE);
container.find(".close").click(function(e) {
container.modal('hide');
});
container.find(".ok-btn").click(function(e) {
container.modal('hide');
});
OF.Alerts._messageContainer = container;
}
//try to look for an internationalized message
if (OF.i18n) {
var i18nMessage = OF.i18n.prop(message);
if (i18nMessage) {
message = i18nMessage;
}
}
var title;
var alertClass;
switch ( type ) {
case "error":
title = "Error";
alertClass = "error";
break;
case "warning":
title = "Warning";
alertClass = "warning";
break;
default:
title = "Success";
alertClass = "success";
}
container.removeClass("error, warning, success");
container.addClass(alertClass);
container.find(".modal-title").text(title);
container.find(".modal-body").html( message );
if ( autoDismiss == true ) {
// fade out after 2 seconds
container.delay( 2000 ).fadeOut( 800 );
}
var options = {
show: true,
keyboard: true,
backdrop: false
};
container.modal(options);
}; | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 9,783 |
Spearhead the entire compliance architecture and coordinate risk management efforts of the Organization.
Manage the regulatory compliance and risk management activities for all client vessels, FPSOs, liaise with government agencies and track all licenses and permits for offshore activities.
Take ownership and Coordinate the Electronic-Based Management System (EBMS) of COMPANY (known as Share Point) and monitor its content to ensure that Quality Assurance is applied.
Facilitating review of procedures- at project and office levels- in relation to matters of risk and compliance.
Reporting of all incidents in line with set SHEQ and Security procedures.
Knowledge of IMS implementation related issues e.g., duplications, retrieval, approval etc.
Major IT Skills (Computer literate) to include Microsoft office and SharePoint tools.
Understanding of Information management security, document management system and document use/compliance in all areas of work and departments.
I think you may be interested in this position - Head, Compliance and Risk Management at WTS Energy. This is the link: https://www.myjobmag.com/job/108524/head-compliance-and-risk-management-wts-energy?utm_source=email_friend. Copy and paste link on browser if link is not working. Check it out! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,784 |
Additionally, in his introduction of Rep. Richard Hanna, R, C, I-Barneveld, Scarano noted that when he approached the first-term congressman about attending the event during a conference call a few months back, Hanna expressed his wholehearted desire to be present — even before consulting with staff about his potential availability.
Additionally, he addressed ways that he is making himself available to the constituents of the 24th Congressional District of New York. Hanna has offices in six locations, including Auburn, Cortland, Norwich, Oneonta and in Herkimer County, with experienced staffers from former Rep. Boehlert's and Arcuri's offices to assist constituents with problems or questions. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,785 |
Broncos Draft Board: Instincts, production…
Broncos Draft Board: Instincts, production should make Oklahoma's Kenneth Murray first inside linebacker selected
Sue Ogrocki, Associated Press file
In this Saturday, Nov. 23, 2019 file photo, Oklahoma linebacker Kenneth Murray (9) celebrates a tackle during an NCAA college football game against TCU in Norman, Okla. Major improvements on defense have pushed Oklahoma and Baylor into the Big 12 championship game. Oklahoma led the Big 12 in total defense during conference play after finishing last a season ago. Baylor led the Big 12 in scoring defense and ranked third in total defense in league play a year after finishing seventh in total defense and eighth in scoring defense.
By Ryan O'Halloran | [email protected] | The Denver Post
April 4, 2020 at 11:00 a.m.
EDITOR'S NOTE: One of a series of profiles on draft prospects who would fit the Broncos' needs.
The way Oklahoma linebacker Kenneth Murray talked about football at the scouting combine should have been right in the wheelhouse of Broncos coach/football guy Vic Fangio.
"To me, football isn't just recreation," Murray said. "It's a lifestyle and I think that's why the game means so much to me."
If Fangio believes Murray can be an immediate cog to his defense, like Roquan Smith was in Chicago two years ago, the Broncos could wait on taking a receiver or cornerback or offensive tackle with the 15th pick and choose Murray. Todd Davis and Alexander Johnson are the current starters at inside linebacker, but Murray has the tools to be an every-down player.
"I truly do believe I'm the best inside linebacker in this draft," Murray said. "I believe (that) from a leadership standpoint. I believe (that) from an athletic standpoint."
Murray started all 42 games of his Oklahoma career and had seasons of 78, 155 and 102 tackles.
"I think No. 9 (Murray) might be the best linebacker in the country," LSU offensive coordinator Steve Ensminger told reporters before the Tigers' College Football Playoff semifinal game against Oklahoma. "He's instinctive and he's fast. He covers swing routes and runs down backs. He's a special player and we have to account for him on every play."
LSU's offensive juggernaut rolled over Oklahoma, 63-28, but Ensminger is right — teams had to keep constant track of Murray.
To reach the semifinal game, the Sooners had to complete the two-game season sweep of Baylor. In the Big 12 title game, Murray played 52 charted snaps.
He played 44 snaps off the ball as the middle linebacker and on eight snaps (mostly third down), he lined up as an on-the-ball outside linebacker.
He made 10 tackles (including a sack) and missed two tackles.
Two plays stood out. On a run blitz, he was too fast for the tight end to deliver a block and made the tackle for loss. And on a third-and-3 play, he appeared to be assigned to the running back in coverage before dodging a block (showing great balance) and demonstrating big-time closing speed to get the sack in 5.32 seconds.
He played exclusively zone coverage when at middle linebacker, but showed good technique while retreating as he kept his head turned toward the quarterback.
Murray appeared to be in the right position at the right time, which he credits to his aforementioned passion for preparation.
"I'm an extremely instinctual player," he said. "I watched between 5-6 hours of tape every day. First guy in the building in the morning watching film with my position coach. Those things, they pay off and I'm able to use them on (game day)."
If drafted by the Broncos, Murray's next challenge will be serving as Fangio's voice on the field.
"I made the calls and checks all three years at Oklahoma," Murray said. "I came in as a true freshman and was the general of the defense so making the calls, making the checks, being a leader — it's something I'm naturally good at. It's something I was just naturally born to do."
Murray File
Position: Inside linebacker
School: Oklahoma
Hometown: Missouri City, Texas
Height/weight: 6-2/241
Statistics: Started all 42 games of Sooners career, posting 335 tackles (37 for lost yardage) and 9 1/2 sacks. … First true freshman inside linebacker to start for Oklahoma since 1975. … Defensive MVP for OU as a sophomore (Big 12-best 155 tackles, which was third in FBS). … Third-team All-America in 2019 with 102 tackles (17 for lost yardage) and four sacks. … Ran the 40-yard dash in 4.52 seconds at combine.
Fit for Broncos: He could become an instant starter at inside linebacker, capable of retreating into zone coverage, blitzing and playing well against the run.
broncos draft
NFL draft analysis
Vic Fangio
Ryan O'Halloran | Broncos reporter
Ryan O'Halloran is in his second season covering the Broncos for The Post and his 16th year overall covering the NFL. A native of North Dakota and graduate of Kansas State, O'Halloran previously covered the Washington Redskins for eight years, primarily at The Washington Times, and the Jacksonville Jaguars for six years at The Florida Times-Union. He has been recognized by the Associated Press Sports Editors seven times for his work.
[email protected]
Follow Ryan O'Halloran ryan.ohalloran.161 Follow Ryan O'Halloran @ryanohalloran | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,786 |
Walgreens Assists Disaster Relief Efforts in Philippines with $100,000 Donation
Pharmacy, Press Releases
DEERFIELD, Ill., November 14, 2013 – Walgreens (NYSE: WAG) (Nasdaq: WAG) is donating $100,000 to the American Red Cross in response to the devastating Typhoon Haiyan (also known as Typhoon Yolanda) that swept through the Philippines last week. These funds will be used to distribute relief items, repair and rebuild shelters, provide health care and give access to clean water and sanitation systems for those impacted by the storm.
"With so many people in need, we want to lend support to those who've lost so much in this tragedy," said John Gremer, Walgreens director of community affairs. "Thousands of people in the Philippines have been left without basic living needs, so we are supporting the American Red Cross to help bring aid to those who need it the most. Our thoughts go out to all of those impacted by this disaster."
About Walgreens
As the nation's largest drugstore chain with fiscal 2013 sales of $72 billion, Walgreens (www.walgreens.com) vision is to be the first choice for health and daily living for everyone in America, and beyond. Each day, Walgreens provides more than 6 million customers the most convenient, multichannel access to consumer goods and services and trusted, cost-effective pharmacy, health and wellness services and advice in communities across America. Walgreens scope of pharmacy services includes retail, specialty, infusion, medical facility and mail service, along with respiratory services. These services improve health outcomes and lower costs for payers including employers, managed care organizations, health systems, pharmacy benefit managers and the public sector. The company operates 8,131 drugstores in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Take Care Health Systems is a Walgreens subsidiary that is the largest and most comprehensive manager of worksite health and wellness centers and in-store convenient care clinics, with more than 750 locations throughout the country.
SOURCE: Walgreens
Medical, Pharmaceutical, Pharmaceuticals, Press Releases
Allergan, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Pharmaceuticals, Press Releases | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,787 |
San Bernardino, CA — The next time someone asks you why people don't trust police, show them this video of a San Bernardino Sheriff's deputy threatening to make up charges against an innocent man — for no reason.
Duncan Hicks went to the San Bernardino Sheriff's station last month to file a report but was met with obstinate bureaucracy and eventually threats.
Hicks was attempting to file a report with the department and had done so on multiple occasions without incident. Hicks told CBS Los Angeles this was his third time there and he also called once to file a few custody disputes with his child's mother. But this time, he says, the deputy refused to write his report down and then took it a step further.
Hicks was politely trying to explain to the deputy that his report was not stating the problem when the cop lost it.
"This is not explaining the incident, sir," said Hicks.
"K, Duncan. You know what man? I'm about getting tired of you and you're about to go to jail just so you know," barks the deputy, threatening an entirely innocent man.
"What am I going to jail for?" asked Hicks.
Remaining vigilant and unafraid, Hicks stood his ground as he knew the cop had no basis to make such threats.
"You can't say that. How are you gonna create something? That's against the law," Hicks said.
According to the San Bernardino Sheriff's Department, however, audio and video recording in the station is allowed.
Hicks then fires back noting that he is only filming because an armed man is threatening to kidnap and cage him for no reason. "You have a gun on your hip. I'm doing this for my protection," he says.
"Uh, uh, you're not starting that in my lobby," says the clerk before the video ends.
Hicks told the local news that "If that's his way of protecting and doing his job I would like him to be fired," and he is right. However, as of Thursday, the officer in the video is still employed.
Imagine for a moment that you made threats to kidnap and cage someone for the sole purpose of being aggravated with them. Imagine that you made these threats while on the job, at your place of work, and the person you threatened — was a customer. Do you think that for one second you would be able to keep that job — not too mention avoid jail for those threats?
However, if you are a police officer, you can do so with impunity.
Below is a video that highlights everything wrong with police in America today. These people fail to realize that they are public servants — not little tyrants who can deprive people of their freedom on a whim. Until this entitled attitude changes, this divide between the police and the policed will continue to grow. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,788 |
International outrage has been swift. UNESCO, which designates some of Timbuktu's mosques and tombs as World Heritage sites, has desperately urged an end to the campaign of destruction. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon deemed the acts "totally unjustified." The International Criminal Court's new chief prosecutor, Fatou Bensouda, suggested they should be considered a war crime.
But beyond scolding the Islamists of the Sahel, there's little anyone can do to stop this wretched bout of iconoclasm. History is littered with the debris of toppled temples and smashed idols. Salafists and others who believe in a more orthodox brand of Islam harbor a particular animosity toward Sufism, whose mystical interpretation of the divine affords a more heterodox faith, steeped sometimes in local pre-Islamic traditions and a reverence for saints and deceased wise men. Islam, as it spread outside the Arabian world, did so in large part through the peaceful teachings of Sufi orders and wandering mendicants — not just under the hooves of conquering Arab armies. Yet, recently, Sufi shrines have come under attack from emboldened and radicalized puritans in countries like Egypt and Libya; in Pakistan, the Taliban and its affiliates have waged a sectarian war on Sufis, systematically targeting dozens of tombs and Sufi sites, while killing hundreds of devotees.
The many holy places and old libraries of Timbuktu, once a prominent center of Islamic learning in the 15th and 16th centuries, were preserved for centuries as a result of the city's remote location on the path of now collapsed salt- and gold-trade routes. Yet they have come under grave threat in the months that followed the victories of an ethnic-Tuareg insurgency in Mali's north, buoyed by Islamist fighters like the Ansar Dine. The latter, given their single-minded devotion to the word of the Koran, care little for the juridical wisdom of generations of Timbuktu's theologians who critically examined Islam's founding holy text.
And prospects for peace and dialogue in Mali do look dim. A military coup earlier this year threw what was once one of West Africa's most stable democracies into chaos: the rebellion in the north gained ground and effectively captured half the country but is itself now splintering on religious lines, with Salafist factions clashing with more secular elements. The coupmakers in the capital, Bamako, have faced their own turmoil. Neighboring countries are contemplating military intervention; hundreds of thousands of Malians have been forced to flee their homes as refugees, with fears growing of an escalating humanitarian crisis.
In Timbuktu, it appears the Islamists are running roughshod over a fearful, traumatized populace. A gang of Ansar Dine allegedly tore down one of the doors of the 15th century Sidi Yahya mosque. Tradition has it that that particular portal would only open on the last day of the world — a local superstition wrapped up in messianic fables that the Islamists wanted to prove hollow. But, with their historic city crumbling around them, the people of Timbuktu have every right to imagine a world ending. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,789 |
CartoonsKim Possible
Like A Stone Inside My Shoe
By: Ninnik Nishukan
Drakken and Shego's realities go splat. Come meet some new faces. Post-Graduation AU.
Rated: Fiction K+ - English - Romance - Drakken, Shego - Chapters: 2 - Words: 11,520 - Reviews: 38 - Favs: 70 - Follows: 13 - Updated: 10/4/2008 - Published: 9/29/2008 - Status: Complete - id: 4566037
1. Vanilla2. Chocolate
By Ninnik Nishukan
Summary: Drakken and Shego's realities go splat. Come meet some new faces. Post-Graduation AU.
They've already met once through a mutual friend, but they also meet a few times a couple of weeks beforehand. Have coffee three or four times, dinner once, to get acquainted.
She's a teacher, he's a professor. They're fourteen years apart, give or take a few months, with her at thirty-two and him at forty-six. No husband for her, no wife for him, no boyfriends for her, no girlfriends for him.
Nobody will really miss them while they're gone. Not for only a week.
She used to be engaged, but it ended a couple of years back. He was married for three years until he got divorced about five years ago.
No kids for either of them, or they probably wouldn't be doing this.
When Shego wakes up, she immediately knows that something's wrong. She's had enough experience with waking up in strange places to know. This place doesn't smell like…well, any of their lairs, which usually seem to have, no matter where they are in the world, a permanent, faint aroma of hot chocolate and some sort of smelly fluids that Dr. D always uses to clean his lab equipment.
This place smells…new, like crisp, clean plastic and something lemon-scented.
And…yeah, then there's the fact that she's bolted down on hands and feet with some sort of padded clamps. This doesn't usually happen to her at home.
Blinking against the bright lights, she can see a couple of blurry figures moving about.
"Hey!" She shouts, silently cursing the fact that the groggy hoarseness of her voice takes away a lot of the authority she's trying to convey. "Who the heck are you? Where am I?"
"Um, well, you're at TechnoWiz Enterprises, or TWE, as we like to call it," begins a hesitant, male voice.
"I doubt that's what she wants to know." Another voice interjects; this one more certain, and with a slight Indian accent. "Listen, you've been here for a week, voluntarily participating in an experiment—"
Shego growls. "Nice try! I don't remember volunteering for any exp— hey, hang on! Are you saying I've been lying here for an entire week?"
"Um…yes."
She takes a breath, trying to digest this new piece of information without completely boiling over; now is not the time to lose her head. Not when she doesn't know what these people are capable of yet. "How did I eat?" She wonders, trying to buy herself some time.
"Intravenously." The more uncertain man says, and she can finally see them as her eyes adjust to the light.
They both look to be in their late twenties or early thirties, with casual clothes under matching red jackets that say TechnoWiz Enterprises. The taller one is Caucasian, with short, brown hair, blue eyes and a slight slouch, and the shorter one looks Indian, with an impressive head of full, almost shoulder-length black hair. The tall guy vaguely reminds her of Kimmie's dad, but the voice is all wrong, and he's too young.
After the mention of 'intravenously', Shego's eyes travel down to her arm, and indeed, there's an IV tube stuck there. "What about…the bathroom?" She asks reluctantly.
The tall guy looks suddenly discomfited. "Um, maybe it's better if you didn't know."
Shego glares at them both; they seem to mean no harm at the moment, but whoever did this to her is going to pay. "Okay, whatever is going on, I hope you know you've got about two seconds to release me before I put TWE out of business…permanently. Capisce?"
"Uh, I don't think you can—"
There's a loud snort and a string of bewildered noises coming from a few feet away, then, and Shego tries to turn her head, which isn't too easy when you're tied down. "Who else is here?" She demands.
She finds out quickly enough, though.
"Wha— what's going on? Is this some sort of joke? Shego! I told you that you couldn't play practical jokes on me anymore! Only on April first!"
An unfamiliar sort of relief courses through Shego; she's not here alone. "Uh, yeah, funny thing, Doc," she says sarcastically, "I'm not the one doing this."
"Huh? Don't kid around, Shego! Just let me go!" Drakken barks, starting to thrash around to get loose.
The Indian guy coughs politely to get his attention. "Um, sir, I'd appreciate it if you wouldn't strain yourself. We don't quite know how you'll react to—"
Drakken freezes, then scowls hard. "What? I can't see properly! Who's there?"
"Oh, um, I forgot," The taller guy says. "You need your glasses."
"What are you talking about? I haven't needed glasses since—"
Something cold presses against his cheeks, eyebrows and temples, and Drakken immediately recognizes the sensation of wearing glasses, like a blast from the past. Suddenly, everything comes back into focus.
And he gasps, loudly and dramatically, with outrage.
"James T. Possible!" Drakken snarls. "You! What have you done to me? I didn't think this sort of thing was your style, but now you're showing your true colors, eh? Does your precious little Kimberly know about this? Does she? Does sh— huh?"
Drakken blinks in surprise as the padded metal clasps holding his arms and legs in place unlock. "You're…you're setting me free?" He asks, flabbergasted, sitting up slowly.
Shego sits up, too, carefully removing her IV and stretching herself. She decides not to do anything too rash until she's figured out what's actually going on here. But then she tries to run her fingers through her hair, and freezes when she runs out of hair after only about a foot, instead of three feet like usual.
When she turns to Drakken…she notices that he's not blue anymore.
As Drakken talks to the two strangers, Shego can only stare at him.
The short, Indian guy, whom Drakken thinks slightly resembles his ex-friend Ramesh, sighs and shakes his head. "I told you it might be a bad idea to model one of the characters after yourself, but would you listen? Oh, noooo, you just—"
"Uh, my name's not James T. Possible," the Possible-lookalike says quickly, trying to interrupt his colleague's lecture. "It's…uh, Charlie Peterson. The 'James T.' part was just a little gag…you know, um…a Star Trek reference? Captain James T. Kirk?" Charlie admits, looking a bit sheepish.
Drakken replies with a blank look. "Star Trek?"
"You know! You've always loved Star Trek! To boldly go where no man has— um, just forget it, not important right now," Charlie mumbles, growing slightly embarrassed. "The point is that you're not Drakken and Shego, you're—"
"What are you blathering about, man?" Drakken snaps, shaking a fist at Charlie. "You expect us to believe that—"
Shego interrupts his rant with a hand on his shoulder. "You're not blue." She says flatly, as if she just discovered the fact. Somehow, saying it out loud makes it realer. "And you don't have a scar. And check out the outfit, Doc."
Drakken looks down at himself. He's not wearing a dark blue lab coat and boots. He's wearing sweats, and they're not even blue. They're grey. Kind of...nondescript. When he looks over at Shego, she's wearing the same thing. And she looks...different. Sure, she's still kind of pale, but it's a normal, healthy color, not green. Her usual long, long, black waterfall of hair has been replaced with hair that's still very dark, but which has a more normal brown instead of a green sheen to it, and is much shorter.
When their eyes meet, he notices that her eyes are a light, caramel brown, not green.
And she discovers that his eyes are a very dark brown...not black. His hair is still black, however, but not spiky, and—
"Uh, Dr. D, when did you cut your...uh..." She murmurs, nodding at the back of his head.
Automatically, his hand flies up to touch his ponytail, but he finds himself simply grasping at air. "Hey! You cut my ponytail! This is low even for you, Possible!"
Shego nods, scowling. "And who's the wise guy who decided to give me a make-over, huh?" She pulls at her shorter hair, brandishing it as if it's Exhibit A in a murder trial. "You think this is funny?" She sneers, her fingers curling into claws. "I'll show you funny, you—"
She halts, gawking in horror at her hands.
She tries again.
They're not igniting. No green glow.
"Yeah, um, you can't do that here, I'm afraid." Charlie Peterson tells her. "Only in the game. And I just told you my name is Peterson, not Possible."
Drakken studies the Possible-lookalike closer, and only now, it's dawning on him that this man looks at least ten years younger than James T. Possible. No grey hair, he's in better shape, and his hairstyle is different. The voice is kind of...wrong, too. "Game?" Drakken ventures apprehensively.
"You don't remember?" The Indian gentleman asks in surprise before he sighs. "Ah well, I suppose that's why we hired you in the first place. To find out how people would react to such a long game." The man runs a hand through his long, black hair and shrugs. "I guess I should reintroduce myself, then. I'm Mukunda Suresh, Charlie's business partner. We were the ones who developed this game together."
"What kinda game are you talking about?" Shego asks sharply, still upset about her— temporary, she tells herself— loss of powers.
"It's a highly sophisticated form of a virtual reality game. Kim Possible." Charlie says. "It's called Kim Possible, and you were playing as the villains. We've already woken up the people who played as...uh, Kim and Ron. I don't know why it took us longer to bring you around. We still have a lot of bugs to work through, that's why I was so grateful when you volunteered to help me test the new game." He frowns, looking a little worried all of a sudden. "I really hope your memory returns eventually, because...well, I sorta considered you my friends, actually. George, you were my favourite college professor and a friend of my uncle, and Ava, you're my sister's best friend."
Shego sends Charlie a look of complete disorientation. "George? Ava? What are you talking about? Who are they?"
Charlie looks even more distressed now. "Who...well, they're you, of course!"
Drakken looks at Charlie as if he's gone insane. "Huh?"
"You're George Nowak and you're Ava Bernstein." Mukunda chimes in, trying to help out his upset colleague.
"Oh-kaaay..." Shego says slowly, as if talking to not very bright children. "And you guys had those severe concussions of yours when exactly...?"
"No, no, it's true!" Charlie insists, nodding frantically as he holds out a bunch of papers and plastic folders with assorted cards. "Look here, here are your driver's licences, and your key card for the university, George—"
"Right," Drakken scoffs, snatching the things out of Charlie's hands and passing them over to Shego. "Next I expect you're going to tell me that I work at the Middleton Institute of Science and Technology, and that Shego—"
"Ava," Mukunda corrects him, earning a glare.
"—and that Shego," Drakken repeats stubbornly, "works at Middleton High School or something like that, hmm?"
"No, she works at East Lansing High School and you work at Michigan State University." Mukunda informs him calmly.
Drakken turns to Shego for backup, but she's staring at the driver's license and other miscellaneous papers in her hands. "I own a Volvo," she says in a dull, absentminded monotone. "And a stupid little apartment near where I apparently work."
"Don't be silly, Shego, you know we live at the lair and drive a hover car—" Drakken objects, but hesitates when she lifts her gaze to meet his and he sees the glassy look of realization in her eyes.
And he looks down at his own identification papers and he—
—remembers.
"It started out with just virtual vacations." Charlie is saying now, and his voice seems toned down, far away. "Peaceful. But then we thought...why not make some exciting adventures?"
"I think perhaps we should make them...a little less exciting." Mukunda suggests.
Charlie nods. "And probably not...y'know, a whole week long."
"Probably not." Mukunda echoes sadly.
"So, um..." Charlie begins, "...do you guys remember me now?"
George drags his gaze up and looks at Charlie. "You...you were in my class five years ago. Robotics 201. You used to sit at the back and fall asleep." He murmurs, frowning.
Ava nods feebly. "You're Janice's little brother. I remember that I..." She pauses, screws up her face as she tries to concentrate: "I think I went to her baby shower like three months ago."
Charlie's face lights up. "You did!"
Ava turns a bit paler. "I'm not twenty-seven. I'm thirty-two."
George looks distinctly unsettled as well. "And I'm not forty-two...I'm actually forty-six..."
"Uh, well," Charlie clears his throat. "It's not that big of a difference. You'll adjust."
"And you'll have time to rest now, remember?" Mukunda pipes up, a little too cheerfully. "Before you have to go back to work."
Ava breathes a small sigh. "Right. Yeah...that'll be good, yeah..."
"We'll have you back here in a couple of weeks for follow-up and for your evaluation of the game, okay?" Charlie says, starting to relax again.
"I'll just follow you out to the rest of your belongings," Mukunda says, pointing out the door. "We kept them in a locker in—"
"That's okay," Ava cuts him off. "I remember."
Only a day and a half goes by before he calls her. He can't deal with this alone. Even if he had a wife or somebody to talk to, which he doesn't, they wouldn't understand. Only Sheg— Ava would understand, because she's the only one who's had the same experience.
"I was just about to call you," she admits when he calls, sounding a little embarrassed.
He invites her over right away.
When she arrives, he lets her into his house, and then they just sort of...sit there on his couch, staring at each other.
"You have this big house and I just have an apartment." She comments eventually, to break the silence. "No fair."
He shrugs, not exactly sure what to say. "Well, uh, I dunno...I'm older than you, and my job pays more. It's only reasonable, I suppose. I mean, I didn't have this house when I was your age." He adds carefully, wondering how much of the Shego temper is left in Ava.
"I guess," Ava sighs.
"At least you have the better name." George says, trying to cheer her up. "George is such a very…normal kind of name. At least 'Ava' isn't that commonplace."
A smile quirks the side of her mouth. "Well, 'Shego' was even more memorable."
"'George Nowak' is so boring, nothing like 'Drew Theodore P. Lipsky AKA Dr. Drakken'." George goes on. "That's the kind of name you'd remember."
"Yeah, because it's totally ridiculous." Ava scoffs.
"Oh, and 'Shego' isn't?" George counters dryly. "Might as well be named 'She-Ra' or 'She-Hulk'."
Where Shego might have gotten mad, however, Ava only laughs. "Yeah, we might have to take that up when we're evaluating the game, huh?"
There's silence.
"You know, Dr. D, this is the weirdest thing ever— I mean, we—" She pauses, makes a frustrated face. "Ugh, I just called you Dr. D! See? How weird is this?"
"It's very weird indeed, She—" He gives an annoyed grunt. "Ava."
She sighs in exasperation. "It's like...I've known you for years, but now I suddenly don't know you anymore! You're just some guy I met a few weeks ago because we both know Charlie and we agreed to do this harebrained experiment!"
"I...I guess we could...uh...get to know each other again?" He prompts tentatively, feeling much too young and insecure for a second.
She gives a surprised little chuckle. "Are you coming on to me...George? Dr. D never flirted like this with Shego, you know."
George rolls his eyes, looking uncomfortable. "Give me some credit, She— Ava. I'm just curious, that's all. You can't try to tell me you're not."
And she is curious. They're both asking themselves the same question, she can tell.
How different is this person from the figment of imagination that I just spent five years— which was really only a week— with?
Ava shakes her head, grinning a little. "You're on, George. I'll stop by in a couple of days."
The next Tuesday, Ava does indeed stop by, and she's brought bagels.
"You know, Dra— George," Ava remarks as she looks out George's window. It's sleeting hard outside; sideways, with an unforgiving, cold wind. "If this was Middleton, it would be sunny right now."
George hands her a large, steaming mug of tea with milk. She's already had to borrow a towel to dry her face and hair, and her boots and coat are hanging up to dry in the hallway near the radiator.
"Yes, I might miss that." He nods. "I do kind of like the variety, though."
"Maybe," Ava says, sipping at her tea, "maybe we should make a list."
"List? What kind of list, She— Ava?"
"Like this," she explains, taking the pen and note pad he keeps on his coffee table and quickly making two columns on it; one marked PROS and the other marked CONS.
He looks intrigued. "You mean a list of the pros and cons of being Drakken and Shego?"
"Yep." Ava nods. "I'm gonna go ahead and put 'bigger house' and 'more money' under PROS right away."
"Power," George says flatly.
"Oh, yeah," Ava murmurs, her eyes glazing over a bit. "I'm definitely gonna miss Shego's powers. I mean, I wouldn't want to hurt anybody, but that green glow was kinda handy…"
"So was the ability to invent giant robots and such." George murmurs wistfully. "Trust me, robotics in the real world isn't nearly as fantastic…or easy."
Ava's voice takes on that same sentimental quality. "I miss being able to master types of Kung Fu that I've never even heard of now, and being able to make gravity-defying leaps and jumps."
"I wish I'd had some more time to explore my new plant powers," George says, sighing. "I mean, the game was almost over by the time I actually got them."
"Yeah, that might've been interesting…" Ava nods as she continues to write. "And the hover car was cool."
"Yeah," George agrees, grinning a goofy little boy grin.
Ava shakes her head, smiling faintly. George has to be a sci-fi geek. That would explain why he got along so well with Charlie despite the fact that Charlie wasn't exactly his best student.
"I didn't have to wear glasses," George says, scowling slightly.
Ava sighs. "Me neither."
George sends her a puzzled look. "Hmm? But you don't wear—"
"Reading glasses," Ava tells him, pulling them out of her purse and showing them to him. "I remembered when I tried to read the TV guide yesterday. Couldn't see a thing." She also happened to discover that Ava Bernstein barely owns a single green article of clothing, but that's another story.
George's eyebrows rise. "Huh."
"Yeah," Ava grunts as she slips the glasses on. "I was thinner, younger and I didn't have to wear glasses."
George's look turns sympathetic. He wants to tell her she looks good in those glasses— which she does— but she'd probably only accuse him of flirting again. He wants to tell her that she does looks thin, and young— okay, so maybe she looks a bit…softer than Shego, but it suits her— but he's learned from his three-year marriage that when some women want to be self-deprecating, nothing any male says will stop them if they're in the right sort of mood.
So, in the end, he simply settles for: "There are some advantages to being us, you know."
She releases an incredulous little puff of breath. "Such as?"
"Not having to run from the law?" He prompts matter-of-factly.
"True," Ava agrees after a moment of contemplation. 'Wanted criminals' gets put down under CONS. A definite downside to being Drakken and Shego.
George hems and haws for a while, trying to come up with something else; a single 'con' does not a list make. "Not getting my home blown up by an annoying teen vigilante every week anymore?"
Ava nods, and adds 'lairs/homes often destroyed' to CONS as well. "Having to deal with Shego's irritating brothers," She says firmly, and adds it to CONS.
"Or Drakken's mother," George reminds her, and under CONS it goes.
"Having to move all the time was a CON." She suggests.
"So was employing those incompetent henchmen." He says with an eye roll.
She writes it all down. "And getting bested by a creepy naked mole rat." She decides, sticking her tongue out.
He grimaces, too. "Definitely that."
"And hey, you don't even have a monobrow anymore," she points out, grinning.
"Shut up," he grumbles good-naturedly, and she laughs.
"You know, it's also good that we don't have careers that involve…uh, terrorizing people anymore." Ava suddenly realizes, and is quick to write it down on the list.
They lock gazes for a brief moment, and both can tell the other is thinking the exact same thing. They're both feeling ashamed and just a little intimidated and fascinated by the fact that they didn't even think to add that particular point to the list before now.
Twelve more items on the PROS and CONS list, two bagels, four chocolate cookies and two more cups of tea later, Ava's asleep on the couch and George is headed to bed himself.
As it sleets on outside, George is grateful that they don't have to go to work the next day.
They have a few weeks off from work, in anticipation of whatever recuperation period they might suffer. Give them some time to get back to themselves, so to speak.
It takes them several more days to stop calling each other 'Dr. D' and 'Shego' whenever they're not quite paying attention.
"So, are you gonna tell me more about yourself?" She asks one day as she's stretched out on his bed watching TV while he's sitting at the foot of the bed, leaning his arms on his knees. They're in here because he's got college papers spread all across his living room table.
So far, they've mostly been talking about the game. And the last time, they were so sick of talking about it that they went out to a movie instead; getting themselves lost in a different sort of fake reality.
Now, she wants to focus on the real world for a while.
George purses his lips, looking up at the ceiling as the evening news chatters on. "Well, I'm...um, I don't know what to say, really. What do you wanna know?"
"I don't know." She says and rolls around on her stomach, propping herself up on her arms. "Do you enjoy your job? Do you have any hobbies? Ever been abroad?
He laughs softly. "You want me to answer those in order?"
She grins. "Go ahead."
He draws a breath. "Yes, I enjoy my job. I like to go fishing sometimes, and I like to read. I went to Thailand for my honeymoon."
She's quiet for a while. "Do you still love your ex-wife?"
His expression becomes a little pained. "Let's just say that the only good thing to come out of that marriage was the fact that she was decent enough not to take my house."
"Ouch," Ava comments sympathetically.
"And you?" He inquires with some hesitation. "Do you still love your ex-fiancée?"
Ava bites her lip, fingers tangling absently in her hair. "Uh…is it enough if I tell you that I'm not sure if I loved him in the first place?"
"Say no more." George nods in understanding. "Now…how about you?"
She shrugs. "I wish I had a different job. I like to go hiking and I like to watch movies. I went on a trip around the world after college."
He sends her a questioning, puzzled glance. "Then why don't you just get a different job?"
Ava sighs, shaking her head. "I have no idea. Maybe I should."
"I could ask some people I know if you like." He suggests carefully.
She nods. "I'll think about it."
Something occurs to him, then, and he turns to her fully, away from the TV. "…really around the whole world?"
She gives a small laugh. "Yep."
George is looking at her like he's sort of impressed now. "I think I'd like to do that once."
She flops down with her chin on his comforter. "Takes a lot of time and money, and I got food poisoning at least twice."
He feels like he has to object. "Yeah, but still—"
She interrupts him with a crooked little smile, remembering. "Still…it was worth it, yeah."
"I wonder if that's why they do it." George muses.
"Who?"
"Drakken and Shego." He says, picking idly at a corner of his comforter. "Trying to take over the world. It's tough, but maybe they do it because it's exciting."
"They're just characters in a game." She mutters."Taking over the world in real life wouldn't be as interesting, or even possible."
He lets go of a heartfelt sigh. "True."
She props her chin up in her hands, feeling the urge to change the subject. "So, is this the part when you show me your extensive Star Trek collection?"
His eyes go round. "How did you know about my—?"
"Lucky guess."
George chuckles, face a little red. "Or maybe you just peeked in my DVD cabinet when I was in the bathroom?"
"Both, Georgie boy." She teases.
He doesn't get mad; she wonders when she'll stop expecting it to happen. It's not that he never gets angry— that would just be creepy— it's just that it takes a bit more to provoke George than a little light mocking. "Fine, so you busted me." He shrugs, giving her a lopsided, mischievous grin. "That just means that now I get to know something embarrassing about you."
"Hmmm, well…I guess it would only be fair." She says nonchalantly, rubbing her chin as if pretending to be deep in thought. "Uh, I have a…collection of pressed leaves. I go out looking for them in the fall and save the ones I like."
George snickers, trying hard not to picture Shego sitting around daintily pressing carefully collected leaves into expensive, decorated books bought especially for that purpose. The image is just so absurd; Shego would most likely get impatient and incinerate the entire thing after about three minutes. Laughing out loud would probably insult Ava, but avoiding it is getting harder.
Ava sends him a withering look. "What now?"
"It's not really that funny— it's— it's just— Shego— and leaves, pressing leaves—" George practically hiccups, trying to hide his expression behind his hand.
"Right. I get it. Well, if it helps, I've already pictured Drakken in full Vulcan gear, complete with pointy ears, at a Star Trek convention." Ava tells him in a deadpan tone.
That's too much for George, and he bursts out in a loud belly laugh, unable to hold it in anymore.
Soon, Ava is laughing, too.
'George' might be a dull name. 'George' has a few advantages, however. 'George' has several girlfriends and a marriage behind him. 'George' knows how to talk to women. 'George' doesn't have the foot in mouth disease or an insane temper. George is interested in hearing what other people, especially Ava, have to say.
And 'Ava' doesn't have the cool cynicism and fiery temper of Shego. She's practical-minded and opinionated, but she's more patient and doesn't have that constant need to mock. She listens. And Shego would never have given away personal information that willingly.
George and Ava laugh a lot. And quite often not even at each other.
George tells himself he'll get used to it at some point.
TBC.
Author's note: This is a two-parter. There will only be one more chapter. Just a silly little idea that popped into my head last year, very loosely based on an episode of Red Dwarf called Back to Reality.
A huge Thank You to Charlotte C, who remains my fabulous beta despite her busy life. I'm glad this story amused you. I had no idea you drive a Volvo. XD
This story is dedicated to Marvolo Cassius, who wanted to read D/S AU. Well, Marv, I tried my best, so I hope you won't think this is too much of an 'apple slice story'. ;)
Another thank you goes out to CJS for suggesting Michigan State University as the college where Drakken would work. I didn't know what to put there. Then I chose East Lansing High School because it's close to MSU. CJS also helped me pick a hobby for Shego— the leaves pressing thing. XD
Before anybody asks— no, I do not have an extensive collection of Star Trek DVDs. I don't even own one Star Trek DVD. I think my boyfriend has a couple, though. XD
Like A Stone Inside My Shoe: Title stolen from the lyrics to Jerkin' Back and Forth by Devo.
Capisce: The correct Italian spelling of this word. Usually seen as 'capice' in the US, my beta tells me.
Mukunda Suresh: Named partly after Mohinder Suresh from HEROES. Just be glad I didn't just go ahead and steal the entire name. :P
George Nowak and Ava Bernstein: I deliberately chose names that were nothing like Drakken and Shego's. I didn't want Drew or Drake or Sherry or Sheila or anything like that. I didn't even want the names to start with the same letters.
Ava was one of the first names I saw when I searched for popular baby names for girls. Bernstein was one of the first names I saw when I searched for Jewish last names, and I chose it because of Elmer Bernstein, who composed the score to Ghostbusters. Nowak was one of the names I saw and liked when I searched for Polish last names, and George is one of the popular baby names for boys. I originally wanted to call him Kowalski, but dropped the idea since it sounded too much like Lipsky.
I do realize that, out of Drakken and Shego, it's more likely that Drakken's Jewish, what with Estelle Harris playing his stereotypical Jewish mother and all, but considering that this is George and Ava, not Drakken and Shego, and Mama Lipsky doesn't even exist anymore, that's kind of irrelevant here, wouldn't you say? | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,790 |
Haider, auch Haidar, ist ein männlicher Vorname.
Herkunft und Bedeutung
Beiname von Ali, dem Cousin und Schwiegersohn des Propheten Mohammed
Herkunft: Arabisch
Bedeutung/Übersetzung: Löwe
Varianten
Auch in der Schreibweise "Haidar" oder der Verkürzung "Haid".
Namensträger
Haider al-Abadi (* 1952), irakischer Politiker und Ministerpräsident des Landes
Haider Ackermann (* 1971), kolumbianischer Mode-Designer
Haider Ali (Sportler) (* 1984), pakistanischer Paralympic-Sportler
Haider Ali (Boxer) (* 1979), pakistanischer Olympia-Boxer
Haider Ali Kohari (* im 17. Jahrhundert), Militär-General und Sekretär von Maratha King Shivaji
Haider Aziz Safwi (* 1945), indischer Politiker und Minister in der Regierung von West Bengal
Haider Hussain Singer-songwriter aus Bangladesh
Haider Mahmoud (* 1942), jordanisch-palästinensischer Dichter
Haider Qureshi (* 1953), pakistanischer Urdu-Dichter und Journalist
Haider Rahman, pakistanischer Musiker
Haider Zaman Khan, pakistanischer Politiker
Weblinks
https://www.vornamen-weltweit.de/vorname.php?eintrag=15561
https://www.baby-vornamen.de/Jungen/H/Ha/Haider/
Männlicher Vorname
Deutscher Personenname
Arabischer Personenname | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 9,791 |
ARISS | Amateur Radio on the International Space Station
About ARISS-USA
Connect to ISS
Hosting an ARISS Contact in the USA
General Contacts (transfers to a new website)
Mid-Altitude Ballooning
Contact Photos
Contact Videos
Upcoming Edu Contacts
ARISS-Intl
January 24, 2021 cmejackson500 News Blog
First Element of ARISS Next Generation (Next-Gen) Radio System Installed in ISS Columbus Module
September 2, 2020—The ARISS team is pleased to announce that set up and installation of the first element of our next generation radio system was completed and amateur radio operations with it are now underway. This first element, dubbed the InterOperable Radio System (IORS), was installed in the International Space Station Columbus module. The IORS replaces the Ericsson radio system and packet module that were originally certified for spaceflight on July 26, 2000.
Initial operation of the new radio system is in FM cross band repeater mode using an uplink frequency of 145.99 MHz with an access tone of 67 Hz and a downlink frequency of 437.800 MHz. System activation was first observed at 01:02 UTC on September 2. Special operations will continue to be announced.
The IORS was launched from Kennedy Space Center on March 6, 2020 on board the SpaceX CRS-20 resupply mission. It consists of a special, space-modified JVC Kenwood D710GA transceiver, an ARISS developed multi-voltage power supply and interconnecting cables. The design, development, fabrication, testing, and launch of the first IORS was an incredible five-year engineering achievement accomplished by the ARISS hardware volunteer team. It will enable new, exciting capabilities for ham radio operators, students, and the general public. Capabilities include a higher power radio, voice repeater, digital packet radio (APRS) capabilities and a Kenwood VC-H1 slow scan television (SSTV) system.
A second IORS undergoes flight certification and will be launched later for installation in the Russian Service module. This second system enables dual, simultaneous operations, (e.g. voice repeater and APRS packet), providing diverse opportunities for radio amateurs. It also provides on-orbit redundancy to ensure continuous operations in the event of an IORS component failure.
Next-gen development efforts continue. For the IORS, parts are being procured and a total of ten systems are being fabricated to support flight, additional flight spares, ground testing and astronaut training. Follow-on next generation radio system elements include an L-band repeater uplink capability, currently in development, and a flight Raspberry-Pi, dubbed "ARISS-Pi," that is just beginning the design phase. The ARISS-Pi promises operations autonomy and enhanced SSTV operations.
ARISS is run almost entirely by volunteers, and with the help of generous contributions from ARISS sponsors and individuals. Donations to the ARISS program for next generation hardware developments, operations, education, and administration are welcome — please go to https://www.ariss.org/donate.html to contribute to these efforts.
ARISS–Celebrating 20 years of continuous amateur radio operations on the ISS!
Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) Team in the United States Creates a New Organization: ARISS-USA
Happy 20th Anniversary ISS!!
ABOUT ARISS
Amateur Radio on the International Space Station is a program that lets students experience the excitement of Amateur Radio by talking directly with crew members of the International Space Station.
ARISS appreciates our partners and sponsors: National Amateur Radio Societies and AMSAT Organizations (in the USA: ARRL and AMSAT-NA) in Canada, Europe, Japan, Russia and the USA.
Member of the Space Station Explorers consortium.
Funded in part by the ISS National Lab. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,792 |
Environmental and natural resources legislation and regulation is a dynamic and ever-changing field requiring knowledgeable, dedicated advisors and litigators. Murphy Armstrong & Felton's Environmental and Natural Resources Practice Group has extensive experience counseling clients throughout the Pacific Northwest in a wide-range of environmental and natural resource matters involving regulatory agencies, private party litigation, and transactions. Our clients include industrial companies having a wide-ranging array of operations including metal fabrication, petroleum blending and distribution, and seafood processing. We also represent institutional clients, port districts, trusts and trustees and individual property owners and are frequently retained by national insurers and claims adjusting firms to defend policy holders.
Representing clients in toxic tort cases involving indoor air quality contamination in residential and commercial settings.
Environmental contamination and natural resource matters are often complex and involve over-lapping scientific and technical issues. Our attorneys have successfully represented clients in achieving their legal and regulatory goals in a cost-effective and efficient manner. Among our many accomplishments, we have successfully obtained an award of attorneys' fees in defense of a federal Clean Water Act lawsuit and in the defense of environmental contamination litigation.
To learn more about Murphy Armstrong & Felton's Environmental and Natural Resources services and some of its representative matters, please contact Murphy Armstrong & Felton at 206-985-9770. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,793 |
Botswana Land Boards, Local Authorities and Health Workers Union (BLLAHWU), a Trade Union that organises workers in Local Authorities is immensely disturbed by the dissolution of Sowa Township Council. While there have been other issues raised on the matter, BLLAHWU would focus on issues of principle and governance. The ill-fated events as per the Sowa Town issue are symbolic of the feebleness and deficits of Botswana's democracy. They are revealing of the fragility of Local Government at the dominant power of Central Government. Botswana 's democracy is characterised by immense power centralised at upper level of Government, and Presidentialism where the President wields so much power with weak processes or avenues of accountability. This is an outdated pattern of democracy.
First and foremost, as a Trade Union we hold the view that Botswana needs a functional democracy that is in tandem with contemporary trends and best practices. In this matter, that therefore calls for two tier system of Central Government and Local Government where power is duly decentralised and devolved to the latter.
Currently in Botswana, District Councils exist at the mercy of Central Government, as councils are a creature of an Act of Parliament being Local Government Act, which as a symptom of deficiency of democracy gives the minister the power to dissolve councils. So, the minister has such sweeping powers to the extent that s/he can dissolve a Government at local level.
The importance of decentralisation augers well with principles of democracy in that Local Government have proximity to the people which gives them a better opportunity to address challenges and aspirations of the people. As things stands Councils can't pursue desired developments as they are under resourced, for their budgets are always cut by the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. This is worsened by the fact that the Act limit or restrict raising of funds by Councils.
In order to address prevailing democratic predicaments in the republic, existence of Councils need to be inscribed in the constitution to give them constitutional leverage and protection from intrusion by the Minister of Local Government. On that note there is need for decentralisation of power to Councils which will enable them to raise financial resources for financial independence. The lack of financial independence impact on development of areas and people at District level hence problems of challenges in water and sewage system, health education and other services. Empowerment and capacitation of District Governments is necessary in an endeavour for effective Government at local level and for enhancement for democracy. There is therefore the need for Constitutional amendment to put Local Government authorities into the Constitution and to give them much more power inclusive of those that will enable financial independence.
As a Union, we have engaged the Ministry of Local Government about four years back on decentralisation policy that should set the blue print on how power needs to be decentralised to Councils. The Ministry is now reluctant and non-committal and they have not been giving feedback and such policy endeavours has died a natural death at the expense of our democracy as well as adversely affecting services rendering to the people. Going forward, as long as Councils and institutions remain at lower levels of power and autonomy this shall continue to disempower them and our democracy will always remain weak. Not having a fully functional democracy in terms of institutions will invariably have a pivotal bearing in improving service delivery and not serving the broader national interests of the Republic and Batswana. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,794 |
IconFly – make icon on the fly!
IconFly is the easy-to-use powerful tool for generate different type of icons from images for both OS X and iOS. iOS 8 supported.
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Icons generated using IconFly fully compatible with iOS and OS X Human Interface Guidelines.
Not just a 1-star rating, let us know what is wrong or what didn't worked for you, so we can improve this application. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,795 |
F-1 World Grand Prix III (lost build of cancelled Nintendo 64 Formula One racing game; 2000-2001)
Cover art of F-1 World Grand Prix III.
Status: Lost
F-1 World Grand Prix III is an unreleased Nintendo 64 Formula One racing game developed by Paradigm Entertainment and was set to be published by Video System as part of the F-1 World Grand Prix series prior to cancellation.
2 Confirmation of existence
3 Availability
Before December 2020, very little information was known about the game, and its existence was questioned. The only indication that a third sequel of the F-1 World Grand Prix series was being developed came from audio developer J.D. Smith on his now defunct website Gamesoundsmith. On his website, he claims that he was contracted to work on sound design for the game, and that it was a Nintendo 64 exclusive that was "fully developed" but ultimately was never released.[1] Smith had previously been credited as working for the alleged game's prequel, F-1 World Grand Prix II,[2] which was a simulation of the 1998 Formula One Season and released in 1998.[3]
Smith also provided supposed cover art and screenshots of the game. However, these ultimately could not confirm the game's existence, because the cover art is actually just the cover of F-1 World Grand Prix but with slightly altered colouring and the addition of a III logo. Additionally, the provided screenshots originated from the listing of the original game by Paradigm Entertainment.[4]
Confirmation of existence[edit | edit source]
On 21st December, 2020, Lost Media Wiki user Red Thunder contacted a developer of Paradigm Entertainment to learn more about the game.[5] The developer confirmed that the game did indeed exist, and was intended as a Nintendo 64 exclusive. There would be little change from F-1 World Grand Prix II, aside from a few new tracks, challenges and season data, most likely reflecting the 2000 Formula One Season.
F-1 World Grand Prix III was intended for release in late 2000 or early 2001. Ultimately however, Paradigm Entertainment decided to cancel the game, because of the dwindling Nintendo 64 market that meant poor sales for the company's latest games, Duck Dodgers and Indy Racing 2000, as well as the desire to focus on next-generation titles for the GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox. Prior to cancellation, the game was about 90% complete, but was yet to receive quality assurance testing.
Availability[edit | edit source]
At least one test cartridge of F-1 World Grand Prix III is known to exist, where it currently belongs to the interviewed developer's boss. Ultimately, while the developer intends to discuss this with their boss in January 2021, they do warn that it is unlikely their boss will release the game to the public. According to the developer, one other copy of the game may exist, although they cannot confirm this as of December 2020.
1953 British Grand Prix (partially found footage of Formula One race; 1953)
2005 San Marino Grand Prix (partially found ITV advert break during final laps of Formula One race; 2005)
Donkey Does F1 (partially found photos of Shrek character inflatable at Formula One races; 2004)
F1 2010 (lost pre-alpha build of Formula One game; 2010)
F1 Racing Championship 2 (lost build of cancelled PC/PlayStation 2 Formula One game; 2001)
Fernando Alonso's 2015 testing accident (lost footage of Formula One test session crash; 2015)
Grand Prix 3 (lost build of cancelled Dreamcast port of PC Formula One racing game; 2001)
Grand Prix 4 (lost build of cancelled Xbox port of PC Formula One racing game sequel; 2002)
McLaren MP4-18 (lost footage of unraced Formula One car; 2003)
Racing Arrows (partially found Formula One TV series; 2001)
Robert Kubica's 2010 Japanese Grand Prix Q3 lap (lost audio of Formula One qualifying lap; 2010)
Williams FW15C (partially found footage and lap time information of unraced CVT Formula One car; 1993)
↑ Gamesoundsmith page that is currently the only indication that F-1 World Grand Prix III may have existed. Retrieved 19 Dec '20
↑ Gamesoundsmith page crediting Smith as having worked on F-1 World Grand Prix II's audio development. Retrieved 19 Dec '20
↑ Archived Paradigm Entertainment page listing F-1 World Grand Prix II. Retrieved 19 Dec '20
↑ Archived Paradigm Entertainment page listing F-1 World Grand Prix, which confirms Smith's screenshots actually originated from this game, rather than F-1 World Grand Prix III. Retrieved 19 Dec '20
↑ Red Thunder's conversation with the Paradigm Entertainment developer Retrieved 22 Dec '20
Retrieved from "https://lostmediawiki.com/index.php?title=F-1_World_Grand_Prix_III_(lost_build_of_cancelled_Nintendo_64_Formula_One_racing_game;_2000-2001)&oldid=182962" | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,796 |
Billy, our faithful leader, partner in Angler's Kabin, whilst not running around like a loon, can be found under a brolley on Kent's best pits. A long time regular at Mid Kent Fisheries Milton Complex, he's caught carp well over 35lb.
Despite suffering from a mild, obsession with a large common carp, he's always got time for everyone coming in the store.
Paul, our elder statesman, his wide and varied angling career has taken him to sea shores, the banks of big hard gravel pits and big midlands rivers in pursuit of big carp, what ever the seas will give him and recently massive Barbel.
A commitee member of Sandwich Angling Club as well as a long time member of Mid Kent Fisheries his ear is well tuned to the local grapevine.
He's a hard working mechanic by day, but we're lucky that he spends two days a week with us at Angler's Kabin Cottington. Come and meet him on a wednesday and thursday!
Mark is our technical genius! Always snapping away, quietly going about his business. The sort of guy, who rolls on to the lake, and you'd never know he was there! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,797 |
Kabbage - home
Company, Research
Nation's Top Online Small Business Lending Platforms Organize to Advance Industry Standards
OnDeck, Kabbage and CAN Capital join forces to advance best practices and development of a new model disclosure to empower small businesses when assessing and comparing loan options.
The nation's three largest online small business lending platforms – OnDeck® (NYSE: ONDK), Kabbage, and CAN Capital – today announced the formation of the "Innovative Lending Platform Association," which will focus on advancing small business online lending education, advocacy, and best practices. To promote common disclosure verbiage and standardization, the new group's first priority, launched in partnership with the Association for Enterprise Opportunity (AEO), the leading advocate for microbusiness in the United States, will be an initiative to create a model small business lending disclosure called the SMART (Straightforward Metrics Around Rate and Total Cost) Box. The SMART Box will present a small business with a chart of standardized pricing comparison tools and explanations, including various total dollar cost and annual percentage rate metrics that enable a comprehensive pricing comparison of loans of equivalent duration.
The formation of the Innovative Lending Platform Association and the launch of the SMART Box initiative follows an in-depth analysis of the small business marketplace that began in 2015 and is informed by small business organization survey data, including recent findings from an industry study underscoring small business customer preferences and priorities. Starting today, the Association is open to all small business lenders and stakeholders to engage on the SMART Box initiative via www.innovativelending.org.
The SMART Box initiative will be open to industry stakeholders for engagement to ensure that the new model disclosure is comprehensive, well-informed, and truly empowers small business borrowers to make an apples to apples comparison for different lending options. The AEO, with the mission of creating economic opportunity for underserved entrepreneurs, will serve as the engagement facilitator, and process feedback received from interested stakeholders.
Together the three founding companies of the Innovative Lending Platform Association have provided access to more than $12 billion dollars in working capital to small businesses to help drive growth and hiring.
Beginning in June 2016, the Innovative Lending Platform Association will commence a 90- day "national engagement period" in which it will seek feedback on the SMART Box initiative from interested lenders, trade associations, policymakers, and non-profit organizations. In September 2016, the Innovative Lending Platform Association will encourage those interested in promoting the responsible development of the small business lending industry to voluntarily adopt or support the model disclosure.
Founding Member Quotes
"OnDeck is one hundred percent focused on responsibly serving small businesses and we are proud to join other industry leaders in this groundbreaking initiative to establish transparency best-practices that benefit the marketplace," said Noah Breslow, chief executive officer, OnDeck. "In the days ahead, we look forward to working with other lenders, trade associations, policymakers, and non-profit organizations to create a national model for small business lending disclosure."
"As our industry rapidly evolves, we believe it is critical to provide the tools and transparency businesses need to make informed borrowing decisions," said Kathryn Petralia, co-founder and COO of Kabbage. "We founded Kabbage based on the fundamental premise that businesses can use the power of their own data to grow in ways never before thought possible. We are thrilled to take our commitment to SMBs to the next level by joining this group of fintech leaders to launch a clear methodology for how fees are calculated and communicated to borrowers. We look forward to continuing this open dialogue with our peers, customers, policy makers and regulators to support small business growth in the United States."
"Ever since our company was started by a small business owner 18 years ago, CAN Capital has believed that the key to the success of our industry rests on the success of the small businesses we serve," said Daniel DeMeo, chief executive officer, CAN Capital. "This means providing clear disclosures on pricing, ensuring products are represented accurately and providing the highest level of customer service. We are excited to work with our fellow leaders in alternative small business finance and other stakeholders in the sector to publish best practices that can help support the small business owners that are the backbone of America's economy."
Company, News, Research
New Kabbage data shows small businesses achieved revenue growth across all U.S. states and industries in the first half of 2019
Kabbage partners with GoDaddy for easy small business capital
Company, Technology
Kabbage launches Kabbage Payments™ to help small businesses get paid faster
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Credit lines and pricing are subject to periodic review and change, including line and pricing reductions, line and pricing increases, or line eliminations. Individual requests for capital are separate installment loans. All loans are subject to credit approval. Frequently Asked Questions.
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Copyright ©2019 Kabbage Inc. All rights reserved. Kabbage is a registered trademark of Kabbage, Inc., used under license.
All Kabbage business loans are issued by Celtic Bank, a Utah-Chartered Industrial Bank, Member FDIC.
Kabbage Privacy Policy | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,798 |
Bonded 3G/4G uplink technology used during coverage of both the FIFA World Cup in Brazil and Sochi Winter Olympics will be on display.
The range of portable live video acquisition, contribution and management innovations includes the LU500 and the DataBridge.
The former, which weighs 1kg (2.2 lbs) and is available in both backpack and camera-mount versions, is based on patented bonding algorithms and is powered by a new multi-processor video encoding engine.
The LiveU DataBridge is a mobile hotspot that offers broadband connectivity in any location by bonding multiple cellular and data connections.
Also being demonstrated during IBC will be a browser-based management system for con-trolling and tracking LiveU systems, feeds and apps. LiveU Central enables a live preview of all incoming feeds to be dragged and dropped onto a physical server output anywhere around the world or be encoded for web streaming.
LiveU's mobile application for smartphones and tablets, the LU-Smart will also be on show, along with the Xtender external antenna for extra-resilient signal in extreme scenarios and some new hybrid solutions that make use of both microwave and satellite technologies. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,799 |
Besides this, the Euskalduna Conference Centre won the Apex Award for the "World's Best Congress Centre in 2003". This award is presented by the AIPC (International Association of Convention Centres), which covers 57 countries all over the world. . | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,800 |
One of the essential functions ecommerce merchants strive for providing to their customers is the possibility to log in using social media accounts. Unfortunately, the default Magento platform doesn't offer such functionality, so, if you want to leverage the social login feature, you need to install a reliable third-party solution. Meet the Amasty Social Login for Magento 2 – a brand new module designed to improve your customers' shopping experience and streamline registration process on your web store. With the Magento 2 extension, you will drastically increase customer retention and motivate visitors to shop on your website by offering more flexibility in the login process. Besides, store owners get a chance to collect vital data about their clients for further analysis.
In this review, we describe the main features and benefits of Magento 2 Social Login by Amasty.
Management of linked accounts in the customer profile.
To provide your website visitors with a login or registration in one click, you can add an AJAX popup to your store pages using the Magento 2 Social Login module. Besides login and registration pages, customers can quickly sign in using their social accounts on the shopping cart page or during checkout. Note that Social Login is compatible with Amasty One Step Checkout. Also, you decide where to place the social login bar: below, above, or in the header of a page.
To improve the user experience on your storefront, you can allow visitors to log in to your website by just clicking a social button. The Magento 2 module support six popular social networks including Google, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Amazon, providing users with a choice of most convenient sign-up options. It is possible to customize colors and style of login buttons to make them fit your website design.
The Social Login plugin helps you collect correct and complete customer data and avoid spammers' accounts due to the Google Invisible reCAPTCHA function. Note that appearance and type of reCaptcha can be changed in the backend.
As for collecting customer data, store owners get access to their clients' personal information essential for creating a more precise marketing strategy. By installing Social Login for Magento 2, you get access to the handy dashboard with statistical data on the usage of social login buttons with a percentage ratio for each network. This way, you can understand which social media networks are the most popular with your customers and use this data for preparing your social media campaigns. Also, the collected details help to segment clients into customer groups based on various criteria like gender, age, country, education, profession, and others.
First, let's see how to configure the main settings of the Magento 2 Social Login extension. In the General Settings tab, first, enable the social login button functionality to show social login buttons on your storefront and decide where to place them: in the login popup; above/below customer login form; above/below customer registration form; on the shopping cart page. Next, you can enable Ajax popup for registration and login and define the position of social buttons in the popup: top, bottom, right, or left. Here, it is also possible to set the redirect to a custom URL after a customer logs in or choose to refresh the current page or stay on the current page.
Then, you should configure the options for each social network separately. As we've mentioned above, the Social Login module supports social buttons for Google, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Amazon. The settings are the same for each social media network: enable the appropriate social login button, insert your API Key (Client ID) and API Secret (Client Secret), as well as a URL for redirects in the relevant fields, and set the sort order.
As for the analytics dashboard, it provides you with the visual elements helping to quickly identify the most popular social network. For each available social media, you can see the percentage, number of users, qty of purchased items, and spent amount in the table at the top of the screen. Below, there is also a handy chart displaying the ratio of usage for each network, as well as details on users activity with other accounts.
The customer account area also gets a new tab – My Social Accounts. Here, customers can link new social media profiles and delete unnecessary one.
The Amasty Social Login extension for Magento 2 adds missing functionality to the default platform and improves customer experience on an online shop by allowing shoppers to use their social media accounts for rapid registration and authorization. Social login option saves your customers' time on the sign-up process, which increases trust to your store, involves more clients in making purchases, and improves retention and engagement rates. Besides, you get vital information for analyzing your customers and developing your marketing strategy. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,801 |
WASHINGTON (NYTIMES) - In sending missiles and bombs at Syria, President Donald Trump hit more targets and used more firepower than he did in a similar military strike last year.
But in the end, he opted for what was still a restrained operation that was evidently calculated to avoid provoking Syria's patrons in Russia and Iran into retaliating.
The United States and its European allies chose three targets instead of the single air base hit last year and used twice as many weapons.
Still, US officials said the attack was intended as a proportional strike aimed specifically at Syria's chemical weapons facilities rather than a broader set of targets and was a one-time, one-night assault to punish Damascus for a suspected gas attack last weekend.
In the days before the strike, Defence Secretary James Mattis cautioned against a quick assault without a more thought-through strategy.
He expressed concern about the potential for escalating the conflict by drawing Russia and Iran into a deeper confrontation with the United States in a country where all three have forces on the ground.
With Russian and Iranian forces supporting the government of President Bashar al-Assad, the potential for miscues weighed on military planners.
For all of Mr Trump's tough language this week, the variant he chose made no apparent effort to damage Mr Assad's broader war machine or his government's command and control of its forces beyond its chemical weapons.
The one-night burst of ordnance appears unlikely to change the overall balance of forces in Syria seven years into its bloody civil war.
But the President hoped it would be enough to deter Mr Assad from using chemical weapons again without being so damaging as to compel Russia and Iran to intervene.
General Mattis told reporters at the Pentagon on Friday night that the strike was devised to minimise the chances of accidentally killing Russian soldiers and limit the damage to facilities directly associated with Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.
While he called it a "heavy strike", he said, "Right now this is a one-time shot, and I believe it has sent a very strong message to dissuade him, to deter him from doing it again."
Analysts said the limited nature of the strike probably would not compel Russia or Iran into taking significant action.
"The Russian and Iranian responses will likely be shrill rhetorically, but direct responses are unlikely," said Mr Dennis Ross, a long-time Middle East expert who has worked for several presidents and is now at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
"The targets struck were tied to CW infrastructure," he added, meaning chemical weapons, "and not the bases where the Russians and Iranians are."
Mr Ross said it was possible that Iran could respond indirectly by using Shi'ite militias against US forces in Iraq or possibly Syria, but even that, he said, was "less likely because of the limited nature of this attack."
In the hours and days leading up to the strike, the potential consequences consumed officials meeting at the Pentagon, in the White House Situation Room and at Fort Meade, Maryland, where the US Cyber Command is situated.
US officials doubted that Russia or Iran would counterattack directly against US forces in the region.
But they focused on the prospect of an asymmetric retaliation that would rely on Moscow's and Teheran's formidable cyber abilities - one that would be harder for Washington to prepare for or defend against.
There was no immediate intelligence that such an attack was being planned. It was also uncertain how much either Russia or Iran would take the risk of widening the crisis in Syria with a cyber counterattack on the West.
But US officials said they were girding to respond to a range of possible acts of retaliation - including an online strike that could block communications to US troops in combat zones.
The heated language in the days before the strike focused as much, if not more, on Russia than on Syria, underscoring the dangers of a spiral into a more dangerous confrontation between the two former Cold War adversaries.
Hours before the strikes began, Ms Nikki Haley, the US ambassador to the United Nations, engaged in a scathing exchange with her Russian counterpart at a Friday meeting of the Security Council.
The Russian ambassador, Mr Vasily Nebenzya, accused the United States and its allies of reckless war-mongering.
Mr Nebenzya said that there was no confirmed evidence that chemical weapons had been used in Douma and that the United States and its allies had "demonstrated they have no interest in an investigation".
Mr Trump's threats of a strike on Mr Assad's forces, Mr Nebenzya said, were "unworthy of a permanent member of the Security Council".
Ms Haley said she was incredulous at Mr Nebenzya's defence of the Syrian government and his overall portrayal of events.
"I'm in awe of how you say what you say with a straight face," she told him.
For all that, Russia loomed large in the discussions back in Washington about how to proceed.
During a US military video conference call, several officials expressed concern about the possible Russian reaction to a strike on Syrian facilities, particularly in light of Moscow's threats to shoot down incoming missiles.
During the call, military officials said that it was imperative to take steps to protect US navy destroyers from Russian counterattacks.
But a potential online strike loomed as a possibility - and a way for Russia and Iran to sidestep a direct confrontation with the US military.
Just weeks ago, the Department of Homeland Security identified Russia as the source of malware "implants" in the US electric grid and released samples of code to utilities to help them clean out their systems.
The warning accused Russia of mounting a series of intrusions against US and European nuclear power plants and water and electric systems, in what analysts interpreted as a move to test Moscow's capacity.
Iran hit US banks with a major denial of service attack nearly six years ago, and tried - unsuccessfully - to manipulate a dam in Westchester County, New York.
Iran is among the most sophisticated mid-size powers in using cyber weapons, skills that the country has invested in heavily since the United States and Israel conducted a crippling online attack on its nuclear enrichment sites.
As he prepared the military for retaliation, Gen Mattis also warned of a potential propaganda counterattack by Syria, Russia and Iran after a Western strike.
Defence Department officials underscored the need to show the world convincing evidence that Mr Assad's government had indeed initiated a chemical attack in Douma.
Russian troops and mercenaries are deployed to Syria, and Iranian forces and militias are also in the country, and could retaliate against the thousands of US troops in Syria and Iraq.
US personnel in Irbil, a Kurdish city in northern Iraq, were readying for a potential Iranian attack on their forces there, according to a US official.
With days of warning that Mr Trump planned to take action, Syria moved some of its aircraft to a Russian base in hopes of deterring Americans from attacking there - and, in turn, igniting aggression between the two Cold War powers.
Mr Trump made sure not to target that base on Friday, averting the chance of hitting Russian targets, but also sparing the Syrian air force.
Senator Lindsey Graham, A South Carolina Republican, said hours before the strike that he was concerned that the military leadership was being too cautious.
"I'm worried whether or not we have the right generals with the right mindset," he said on Fox News Radio.
"If our military leaders are listening to Putin and we back off because Putin threatens to retaliate, that is a disaster for us throughout the world," he added. "You can't let one dictator tell you what to do about another who has crossed two red lines." | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,802 |
Jim DiDomenico live at FoxFire
Home/Jim DiDomenico live at FoxFire/Jim DiDomenico live at FoxFire
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March 1 @ 7:00 pm - 10:00 pm
Jim DiDomenico has become a new favorite at FoxFire! Come out and see our guests are so excited about. Jim DiDomenico began his professional music career in 1986 as a solo artist performing his songs and some of his favorite covers at Durty Nellies in his hometown of Palatine IL, and The Ancient Mariner in Minocqua, WI. In 1992, Jim founded the Chicago based band, Underwater People. Throughout the '90s and early 2000s, Underwater People played to 100's of thousands of people at shows across the U.S. Averaging almost 140 shows a year, the band gained quite a following, particularly in the Chicagoland area. The band has performed at countless street festivals and most every live music club in and around the city. They've also headlined many of Chicago's most famous music venues including; the House of Blues, the Park West, the Vic and Navy Pier's Skyline Stage. The band has also played many post-race parties for events such as the Chicago Marathon, the Shamrock Shuffle, and the Chicago (world's largest) Triathlon. One of the band's most memorable performances was right at home plate at Wrigley Field. Currently, while the band's public performances are limited, the band plays on at private events around the world. Jim has gone back to his roots and enjoys performing as a solo artist or as a duo or trio with his friends from the band, Jacob Sweet and Colin Scott
Happy Hour at the Bar
Finding Free at FoxFIre
Bands, Live Music
17 W State St
Geneva, IL 60134 United States Google Map | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,803 |
President ordered top clearance for Kushner despite concerns of Kelly, intel officials
President's directive made Kelly, his chief of staff at the time, so uncomfortable that Kelly documented the request in writing
Jared Kushner, left, and President Donald Trump confer during a signing ceremony at the White House in December 2018.
WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump early last year directed his then-chief of staff, John Kelly, to give presidential son-in-law Jared Kushner a top-secret security clearance – a move that made Kelly so uncomfortable that he documented the request in writing, according to current and former administration officials.
After Kushner, a senior White House adviser, and his wife, Ivanka Trump, pressured the president to grant Kushner the long-delayed clearance, Trump instructed Kelly to fix the problem, according to a person familiar with Kelly's account, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to describe internal discussions.
Kelly told colleagues that the decision to give Kushner top-secret clearance was not supported by career intelligence officials, and he memorialized Trump's request in an internal memo, according to two people familiar with the memo and the then-chief of staff's concerns.
It is unclear how Kelly responded to Trump's directive. But by May, Kushner had been granted a permanent security clearance to view top-secret material – a move that followed months of concern inside the White House about his inability to secure such access.
Kushner's lawyer publicly described the process as one that had gone through normal channels, a description that Kelly did not view as accurate, according to a person familiar with his reaction.
The former chief of staff, who left the administration at the beginning of this year, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Trump's push to get Kushner clearance – and the chief of staff's concerns about it – was first reported by the New York Times, which also reported that then-White House Counsel Donald McGahn had concerns about Kushner's clearance.
White House press secretary Sarah Sanders declined to weigh in Thursday evening, saying: "We don't comment on security clearances."
Peter Mirijanian, a spokesman for Kushner lawyer Abbe Lowell, said in a statement that "in 2018, White House and security clearance officials affirmed that Mr. Kushner's security clearance was handled in the regular process with no pressure from anyone."
"That was conveyed to the media at the time, and new stories, if accurate, do not change what was affirmed at the time," he added.
An attorney for McGahn declined to comment.
Congressional Democrats said Thursday that they plan to aggressively scrutinize the role Trump played in securing Kushner's clearance. Rep. Elijah Cummings, D-Md., chairman of the House Oversight Committee, noted that his commitee has already launched an investigation into the White House security clearance process and has yet to receive a response to its request for documents.
"The Committee expects full compliance with its requests as soon as possible, or it may become necessary to consider alternative means to compel compliance," Cummings said in a statement.
House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff, D-Calif., said in a statement late Thursday that his panel, as well as the House Oversight Committee, will continue in their investigation of the White House's security clearance process.
"The revelation that President Trump personally intervened to overrule White House security officials and the Intelligence Community to grant a Top Secret security clearance to his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, is the latest indicator of the President's utter disregard for our national security and for the men and women who sacrifice so much every day to keep us safe," Schiff said. "There is no nepotism exception for background investigations."
Both Trump and his daughter, Ivanka, have publicly denied the president was involved in securing a clearance for Kushner. The president told the New York Times in a Jan. 31 interview that he did not direct Kelly or similar officials to grant a clearance for his son-in-law, and Ivanka Trump similarly told ABC News earlier this month that her father was not involved in the process.
In the first year of the administration, Kushner held an interim security clearance that allowed him to view both top-secret and sensitive compartmented information, which is classified intelligence related to sensitive sources. With that designation, he has been able to attend classified briefings, get access to the president's daily intelligence report and issue requests for information to the intelligence community.
But there was widespread concern in the White House about his lack of a permanent clearance.
In February 2018, Kelly limited the access of employees with interim security clearances to top-secret information in the wake of abuse allegations against a top aide. That new policy caused Kushner's clearance to be downgraded from "Top Secret/SCI" level to the "Secret" level, a far lower level of access to classified information.
At the time, Trump said he would defer the question of Kushner's access to his chief of staff.
"I will let General Kelly make that decision, and he's going to do what's right for the country," the president said during a news conference. "And I have no doubt that he will make the right decision."
The top-secret clearance that Kushner was granted last year gave him access to relatively basic classified information. Lowell said at the time that Kushner's "application was properly submitted, reviewed by numerous career officials and underwent the normal process."
Kushner did not receive a clearance to see the most highly classified intelligence the government produces, known as sensitive, compartmented information, or SCI, The Washington Post reported last July.
That meant that Kushner was effectively barred from seeing information gleaned from human spies or from the government's vast signals intelligence apparatus. It's that kind of intelligence that forms the basis of the president's daily intelligence briefing and that is customarily given to senior policymakers and Cabinet officials.
Kushner's lack of SCI access suggests that the CIA has not signed off on his receiving that level of intelligence, security experts said. He had struggled to obtain even his top-secret clearance, in part because of his contacts with certain foreign government officials, The Post previously reported.
Some foreign officials, whose communications were intercepted by the U.S. intelligence, privately discussed how they could manipulate Kushner, taking advantage of his complex business arrangements, financial difficulties he had at the time and his lack of foreign-policy experience, according to current and former U.S. officials familiar with intelligence reports on the matter, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the subject.
Kushner's foreign entanglements caused anxiety among U.S. intelligence officials who are ultimately responsible for deciding whether he should have SCI clearances, that step above top secret, according to U.S. officials with knowledge of internal deliberations.
The decision to grant an SCI clearance is usually made by the agency that generated the information. The CIA, for example, grants access to human intelligence gathered from agents and operatives. The NSA grants access to intercepted communications and intelligence generated by spying on foreign computer networks. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,804 |
Takehito Koganezawa works with video, drawing, installation and performance—treating each as an equal means of expression. All of his works share a poetic approach to everyday occurrences and observation, an engagement with the issues of time and the void, as well as an underlying musicality.
Koganezawa lives and works in Hiroshima, Japan. He has exhibited internationally at institutions such as Haus am Waldsee, Germany; Langen Foundation, Germany; Mori Art Museum, Japan; Marugame Genichiro-Inokuma Museum of Contemporary Art (MIMOCA), Japan; Museu de Arte Moderna São Paulo, Brazil; Hamburger Kunsthalle, Germany; Institute for Contemporary Art, London; and Haunch of Venison, London. He has exhibited nationally at the Queens Museum, New York; Institute of Visual Arts, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago. He was awarded artist residencies at the Villa Aurora in Los Angeles; the Kea Island in Greece; India; and São Paulo. Koganezawa was born in Tokyo where he graduated from Musashino Art University. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,805 |
No more fallen snowcones. This small accessory is a must for any operation with continuous service. Free your hands to operate the machine and register while your customers are preparing to pay saving you valuable time. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,806 |
Q: Linux for simply one task: watch youtube I have tested some Linux versions for my kid's laptop. Old Samsung notebook, Samsung N10.
I need do only one task: run youtube videos with no lag. Or setup an Android on it. I also tried RemiX-OS and Pheonix-Os, both don't load up. Works only 4.4.
I setup also Android-X86 on that laptop, run Play Store app for youtube and all is working very fast.
I tested with mint-xfce on browser. Videos is lagging in Chromium browser.
Maybe there is app in Linux like on Android?
Is Puppy Linux, smallest Linux distro can solve this problems?
Any suggestions?
A: For something fast, linux needs drivers dedicated to the graphic card of your computer.
So without any info about your RAM size, CPU speed, GPU I can only say :
Try the last Ubuntu, which should support most of the graphic card and specific hardware (with firefox) :
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
They claim :
Recommended system requirements:
2 GHz dual core processor or better
2 GB system memory
25 GB of free hard drive space
Either a DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
Internet access is helpful
Or try Fedora :
https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/
They claim :
you may install Fedora Workstation to a laptop or desktop computer
that has at least 1 GHz processor, 1 GB RAM, and 10 GB space
available.
A: Try Bodhi Linux Standard release if your CPU is 64 bit. Install Bodhi Linux legacy if your CPU is 32 bit. Install Firefox using the app centre situated in the taskbar or simply by using Synaptics Package Manager.
PS: I know that the question is old but I'm answering it for people who might visit this webpage looking for this age old problem.
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 9,807 |
James Gross is a Professor of Psychology at Stanford and Director of the Psychology One Program. He received his B.A. in Philosophy from Yale University and his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley. His research focuses on emotion and emotion regulation, and includes measures of emotion experience, behavior, autonomic physiology, and brain activation.
Jennifer Randall Crosby is the Coordinator of the Psychology One Program. She received her BA in Psychology from Stanford, an MS in Psychology from Yale, and a PhD in Social Psychology from Stanford. Prior to her role in Psych One, Jennifer was a faculty member at Agnes Scott College and at Williams College, and directed programs to support effective teaching in Stanford's Office of the Vice Provost for Teaching and Learning. As Psychology One Coordinator, Jennifer promotes effective teaching and learning at all levels. She helps the faculty develop course content and materials, and recruits and mentors graduate and undergraduate Teaching Fellows. Jennifer also works directly with Psychology One students through guest lectures and individual meetings. In addition to Psych One, Jennifer has taught undergraduate courses on social psychology, research methods, intergroup contact and conflict, identity and academic achievement, and effective learning strategies.
John is the course administrator of the Psychology One Program. As the course admin, John provides support for the teaching team and students. He received his B.A. in Human Biology from Stanford. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,808 |
Secure, easy options to send money across borders.
There are lots of ways to send money overseas, but differences in exchange rates and transaction fees between companies can have a huge impact on the cost — especially for large transfers.
How can I transfer money overseas from my bank account?
Bank transfers. You can send a transfer from your Australian bank account to an international bank account via your financial institution's online or mobile banking portal. All you have to do is enter your recipient's name and bank account details and then submit the transfer. You also have the option of requesting an overseas telegraphic transfer in person at your nearest bank branch, or sending an international bank draft.
Online money transfer companies. The next option is to send money overseas using a specialist online money transfer company such as TransferWise or OFX. These providers are experts when it comes to international money transfers and allow you to fund transactions using a transfer from your bank account.
MoneyGram. Money transfer company MoneyGram allows you to send an online transfer from your bank account to an overseas bank account.
PayPal. PayPal offers international money transfers from Australia to more than 100 destinations around the world. If your PayPal account is linked to your bank account, you can use your bank account to fund the transfer.
Which transfer option could I choose?
Bank transfers. The main benefit of sending an international transfer straight from your bank account is convenience. You can set up a transfer request and send the money straight from your online or mobile banking account.Everything can be done from the comfort of your own home and you don't have to register for any new accounts. The downside is that banks charge higher transfer fees and offer lower exchange rates than you can find elsewhere.
International bank drafts. An international bank draft is a secure way to send funds overseas. The bad news is that sending money via this old-fashioned method can take four to six weeks for the transaction to be completed, while you will also have to pay a significant transfer fee.
Online money transfer companies. These companies specialise in international transfers and can offer much better exchange rates than the banks and cash transfer companies. They also charge lower fees, possibly even zero fees on large transfers, and offer fast and convenient online transactions. However, these companies may not allow you to transfer to as many destinations around the world as you can when sending money direct from your bank account.
MoneyGram. MoneyGram's online bank-to-bank transfer service offers fast and secure transfers to overseas bank accounts. The downside is that its exchange rates are not as good as those from online transfer companies.
PayPal. PayPal also offers the convenience of online transfers and provides access to a wide range of transfer destinations around the world. Unfortunately, PayPal's fee structure means that its international transfer service is best used for small amounts only; the currency conversion fee and transaction fee that apply are calculated as a percentage of your transfer amount.
How do I send an international transfer straight from my bank account?
Click on the link to make a payment.
Click the relevant link to create a new payee/recipient.
Enter the country where you will be sending the transfer.
Enter the details of your recipient's bank. Depending on the country you are transferring money to, you may have to enter an IBAN (International Bank Account Number) or SWIFT/BIC number.
Enter your beneficiary's account name and number.
Select the account you will be transferring the funds from.
Provide full details of your transaction, including the amount and currency you are sending. You can also specify whether this is a one-off transfer or whether you are scheduling a recurring transfer.
Review the transfer details and submit your transaction request.
Once you've submitted your transfer request, it usually takes between two and five business days for the transaction to be completed.
What is the cheapest way to send money overseas from my bank account?
If price is the most important consideration when you're transferring money overseas from your bank account, in the vast majority of cases the cheapest way to send money is via a specialist online transfer company. These foreign exchange providers trade in large volumes of foreign currency, and because they're online businesses they have fewer overheads than banks and other bricks-and-mortar businesses.
As a result, online transfer companies can offer better exchange rates than banks and other transfer providers – do a quick comparison to see just how much more value for money you can get. They also tend to charge lower fees and will sometimes even waive their fees on large transfers.
So if you want to find the most affordable way to transfer money overseas from your bank account, compare international money transfer providers at finder.com today.
Competitive exchange rates. The better the exchange rate, the better value for money you can get on a transfer. Search for the company that offers consistently competitive exchange rates, but remember that there may also be higher transfer fees attached.
Little to no transaction fees. Transaction fees for international money transfers can range from $0 up to $60 or even more, so it pays to compare the fees charged by competing providers. Some online transfer companies will also waive their fees when you send large amounts, for example, $10,000 or more.
A range of transfer destinations. Check to see whether the country you want to transfer your money to is supported by the transfer provider you select, as well as whether you can send money in the currency you want.
Short processing times. Find out how long it will take for the funds you transfer to arrive in your recipient's bank account. If you need to send money as quickly as possible, you may need to send a cash transfer rather than funding the transaction with a bank account transfer.
Flexible transfer options. Some providers offer one-off transfers only; others allow you to place forward contracts and limit orders to lock in the exchange rate you want and get better value for money.
Reliable customer support. If you ever have a problem with a transfer or simply need help understanding how the transfer process works, will you be able to quickly access customer support? Phone, email and live online chat support are all helpful options, as is an online help centre or FAQ section.
It's easy to transfer money overseas from a bank account, but it's important to compare your options first to ensure that you get the best value for your money.
Can I transfer money overseas with my credit or debit card? Are you planning your dream destination wedding overseas?
I want money from China (Macau) to India through direct bank account from Macau to India bank account. The best way please.
You can send your money from one bank account to another bank account by simply directly in touch with your bank. From there, you should be able to obtain specific instructions on how you can make the transfer.
However, please note that in most cases, bank transfer is more expensive compared to using an international money transfer service provider. If this interest you, you can use the table above to compare your options based on minimum transfer amount, transfer speed, and online fee to name a few. You can then click on the "Go to site" green button to check if that provider handles transfers from Macao to India.
I want to send 2,500,000 to Austria. How to send and which process is easy and charge fewer fees?
We have a guide that you might want to read. It is about how to send money to Austria.
On that page, you will see a table of service providers who can help you send the money. The table will also help you compare your options. Once you found the right one for you, click on the "Go to site" green button to learn more.
Since you are also sending a lot of money, please read our guide, "How to safely transfer a large amount of money internationally." Plus, be sure to read how taxes are charged on large money transfers. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,809 |
7 surprising moments of La Liga weekend
The start of La liga weekend was a bit disappointing for the Spanish giants. The first rounds of the championship were marked by a lot of disappointments, and the fans were expecting a lot from the team. However, the team failed to show its maximum, and it was not able to get into the top 4.
The first rounds were not the best for Barcelona, and even if the Catalans managed to win the first two matches of the season, they lost the next two matches.
However, the fans still hope that the team will be able to demonstrate its maximum in the remaining matches. The main rival of Barcelona is Atletico, and both teams are fighting for the title.
The fans can expect a lot in La ligue, because the teams are playing against each other for the first time in the season. The teams have already played a number of matches, and they will have a lot to discuss.
La liga fixtures
The teams will play a total of 32 matches, which means that the teams will have to play each other in the following matches:
* 13 at home;
* 11 on the road.
If the teams finish in the same position in the standings, they will play each others in the next round.
This season, the teams have a good start, and many fans are looking forward to the fight for the champion title. The fans can watch the matches on the official website of sports statistics.
Who will be the main contenders for the trophy?
Barcelona has a good chance to win La ligth, because it has already won the championship. However the Catalons have a long way to go, and if the team fails to win gold medals, it will be very difficult to get to the Champions League zone.
Atletico has a lot more chances of winning the champion's title, because of the following reasons:
1. Good lineup. The team has a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 players. The rest of the players are in reserve.
2. Good teamwork. The players understand each other'ssuch that they can play together in the attack and defense.
3. Good coach. Diego Simeone has a great lineup, and he has already managed to get the Catalonians into the Champions league zone. The coach also has a long career, and his experience will help the team to achieve its goals.
4. Good players. Lionel Messi, Andres Iniesta, Sergio Busquets, Jordi Alba, and others are in good form.
5. Good motivation of the team'sloyal fans.
All the above factors will help Atletico to win.
What to expect from the next matches of LaLiga?
The next matches will be a good opportunity to see how the teams' performance will change. The Catalonias will have the chance to prove their strength, and Atletico will have an opportunity to prove its strength.
There are a lot chances that the Catalonian team will lose points in the matches against the outsiders. However it is still too early to make a final prediction on who will win the champion's title. It will be interesting to watch the next La ligan games, because this season the teams play against each others for the very first time.
You can always follow the results of the matches of this championship on the website of the sports statistics, where you will find the latest information about the games.
Latest results of La Ligas
The season of the Spanish championship is already in full swing, and there are a number matches ahead. The current season is very important for the teams, because they will fight for a place in the Champions' League zone, and this will determine the fate of the title of Spain.
In the first round, Barcelona and Real Madrid played against each another, and in the second match, the Catalan team managed to score a goal. However in the third match, Messi and Iniesta scored a hat-trick, which was a great result for the team, but it was still not enough to win a place at the top.
Barça managed to finish in first place in La Liga, but Real Madrid has a better chance of winning gold medals. The Madrid team has already played in the top-4, and now it is the time to fight for more.
It is easy to follow the latest results of matches of Spanish championship on our website. Here, you will always find the information about all the matches that the clubs are playing.
Live football scores
It has already become much easier to follow live football scores, because now you can find the results on the Internet. The season of La fiesta is in full flow, and you can watch it on the reliable website of statistics. The results of all the games are available on the platform, which is especially useful for fans who want to follow their favorite team.
We have already mentioned that the season of fiesta promises to be interesting, because there are many strong teams fighting for a position in La fiestas. The most interesting matches of football season are the matches between Real Madrid and Barcelona, where the Catalunians will have their hands full.
Suspension for bad behavior!
Match Facts: England vs Spain predictions
Basel vs Manchester City live stream | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,810 |
OR Ct. App.
TRI COUNTY METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT OF OREGON v. AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION LOCAL 757
Court of Appeals of Oregon.
TRI–COUNTY METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT OF OREGON (TriMet), a municipal corporation of the State of Oregon, Plaintiff–Respondent, v. AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION LOCAL 757, a labor organization, Defendant–Appellant.
121215684; A154561.
Decided: February 18, 2016
Before LAGESEN, Presiding Judge, and HADLOCK, Chief Judge, and WOLLHEIM, Senior Judge. Aruna A. Masih argued the cause for appellant. With her on the briefs was Gregory A. Hartman. Keith M. Garza argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief was Erik Van Hagen.
LAGESEN, P. J.
This appeal arises from a declaratory judgment action under ORS 28.010. Plaintiff, the Tri–County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet), sought a declaration that the collective bargaining sessions between TriMet's negotiating team and the bargaining unit for TriMet employees, defendant, the Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU), are not subject to Oregon's Public Meetings Law, ORS 192.610 to 192.695. On cross-motions for summary judgment, the trial court ruled in favor of TriMet, concluding that the undisputed facts established as a matter of law that the bargaining sessions between TriMet's negotiating team and ATU were not "meetings" as that term is defined in the Public Meetings Law and, therefore, were not within the scope of the Public Meetings Law. Although we agree with the trial court that the undisputed facts establish as a matter of law that the sessions between TriMet's negotiating team and ATU are not "meetings" for purposes of the Public Meetings Law, we vacate and remand to the trial court for further consideration, in the light of our recent decision in Handy v. Lane County, 274 Or.App. 644, ––– P3d –––– (2015), rev allowed, ––– Or –––– (2016). In the light of that decision, we are unable to conclude as a matter of law that the Public Meetings Law does not apply to those sessions simply because-as the trial court correctly concluded-those sessions are not "meetings."
A. The Public Meetings Law
As this case centers on the application of Oregon's Public Meetings Law to the bargaining sessions between TriMet and ATU, we start by providing an overview of that law. The purpose of the Public Meetings Law is to ensure government transparency in Oregon:
"The Oregon form of government requires an informed public aware of the deliberations and decisions of governing bodies and the information upon which such decisions were made. It is the intent of ORS 192.610 to ORS 192.690 that decisions of governing bodies be arrived at openly."
ORS 192.620. To that end, the law regulates the decisionmaking process of "governing bod [ies]" of "public bod[ies]." A "public body" is any governmental body in Oregon, including a "committee or subcommittee or advisory group or any other agency" of a larger governmental body. ORS 192.610(4).1 A "governing body" consists of the "members of any public body which consists of two or more members, with the authority to make decisions for or recommendations to a public body on policy or administration." ORS 192.610(3).
The law ensures transparency in government primarily through two complementary mechanisms. Both mechanisms are contained in ORS 192.630. First, ORS 192.630(1) requires that any "meeting" of a governing body of a public body be open to the public, unless the topic of the meeting is one that the legislature has said may be addressed in an "executive session" or the meeting is of the sort that is exempted from the Public Meetings Law under ORS 192.690.2 ORS 192.630(1); ORS 192.660; ORS 192.690. A "meeting" is a "convening of a governing body of a public body for which a quorum is required in order to make a decision or to deliberate toward a decision on any matter." ORS 192.610(5). An "executive session" is "any meeting or part of a meeting of a governing body which is closed to certain persons for deliberation on certain matters." ORS 192.610(2). ORS 192.660 regulates governing bodies' use of executive sessions and identifies the subjects that a governing body may consider in executive session.
Second, ORS 192.630(2) restricts the ability of the members of a governing body to meet outside of the context of a formal "meeting" in order to deliberate or make a decision: "A quorum of a governing body may not meet in private for the purpose of deciding on or deliberating toward a decision on any matter except as otherwise provided by ORS 192.610 to 192.690." ORS 192.630(2). The net effect of those two mechanisms is that a quorum of a governing body cannot meet to deliberate or make a decision in private unless ORS 192.660 authorizes it to do so in an executive session of a meeting or if ORS 192.690 otherwise excludes the governing body from the application of the Public Meetings Law. See Handy, 274 Or.App. at 659 ("The legislature was not content to require that 'meetings' be made open to the public; rather, to achieve the statutory purpose, the legislature felt the need to regulate the conduct of public officials in less formal settings.").
B. This Dispute
Although the record evidences some significant factual disputes—the main one relating to whether TriMet's negotiating team qualifies as a "governing body" for purposes of the Public Meetings Law—those disputes, except as otherwise indicated, do not bear on the legal issues presented on appeal. The facts that pertain to those issues are largely undisputed.
TriMet is a mass transit district and municipal corporation of the State of Oregon. ORS 267.010–267.430. TriMet is governed by a board of directors (the board). ORS 267.120. A General Manager administers all of its affairs. ORS 267.140. Under the Oregon Public Employer Collective Bargaining Act (PECBA), ORS 243.650 to 243.782, TriMet is a public employer required to engage in collective bargaining with the exclusive representative of a bargaining unit of its employees. ORS 243.650(20); ORS 243.672(l)(e). ATU is the exclusive representative of a bargaining unit of TriMet employees and is statutorily required to engage in collective bargaining with TriMet. ORS 243.650(8); ORS 243.672(2)(b).
When called upon to collectively bargain with ATU, TriMet conducts its negotiations with ATU through an eight-member negotiating team. The team is headed by TriMet's Executive Director of Labor Relations and Human Resources, Stedman. Stedman selects the other members of the team. The members of that team have the authority to negotiate and enter into a tentative agreement with ATU's bargaining team. There is no minimum number of members of the bargaining team that must be present before the bargaining team can engage in negotiations or take any action.
Once the negotiating teams for both ATU and TriMet reach a tentative agreement, the TriMet negotiating team waits for ATU to ratify the agreement. If ATU ratifies the tentative agreement, then the TriMet negotiating team submits the agreement and all agreed upon resolutions to TriMet's General Manager. The General Manager then relays the agreement to the TriMet board. The board then makes the final decision whether to ratify the agreement.
This dispute arose when, in contemplation of the expiration of the parties' existing collective bargaining agreement, TriMet and ATU began discussing the process for bargaining a successor agreement. Eleven days before the start of the first bargaining session proposed by TriMet, ATU notified TriMet that it "does not consent to negotiations being conducted in executive session[,]" and, therefore, under ORS 192.660(3),3 "TriMet has a duty pursuant to Oregon public meetings law * * * to notify the public as well as those who have expressed interest, as to the date, time and location of the negotiations." (Emphasis in original.) TriMet responded that, under its interpretation of the Public Meetings Law, "[n]o negotiation session will be a public 'meeting' * * *." As a result of that response, ATU declared that "[u]nless TriMet provides written notice of its intention to abide by Oregon law and conduct negotiations in the open meeting format * * * the Union will not participate." TriMet refused to provide such notice.
Because the parties could not agree on the correct interpretation of the Public Meetings Law, TriMet filed this action asking for a "judgment declaring that collective bargaining sessions between TriMet's negotiating team and the ATU are not subject to ORS 192.610 et seq, governing public meetings[,]" as well as a declaration "that because collective bargaining sessions between ATU and TriMet's negotiating team are not public meetings, any actions taken in those meetings are not subject to challenge under ORS 192.680." In answer to the complaint, ATU denied that TriMet was entitled to the declarations that it sought, and alleged that ATU was entitled to a declaration that ORS 192.660(3) required TriMet to conduct collective bargaining sessions with ATU in open meetings and an injunction barring TriMet from excluding the public and the media from the bargaining sessions.
The parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The trial court denied the motions. In so doing, it rejected ATU's argument that ORS 192.660(3), as a matter of law, required TriMet to conduct labor negotiations in a public meeting, even if those negotiations did not otherwise qualify as a "meeting" as that term is defined in the Public Meetings Law. The court then concluded that there were factual disputes as to whether the bargaining sessions qualified as "meetings" as that term is defined in the Public Meetings Law, as well as factual disputes as to whether TriMet's negotiating team was a "governing body," as that term is defined in the Public Meetings Law, and, thus, subject to the Public Meetings Law.
The parties then filed a second round of summary judgment motions. In support of its second motion, TriMet submitted an affidavit from Stedman in which Stedman averred that "[t]here is no minimum number of members of the bargaining team that must be present before the bargaining team can engage in negotiations or take any action." TriMet then argued that, even if its negotiating team was a governing body for purposes of the Public Meetings Law, the team did not require a quorum to be present in order to conduct the bargaining sessions with ATU and, as a result, those sessions did not qualify as "meetings" under the Public Meetings Law. In response, ATU argued that TriMet's negotiating team and ATU's negotiating team together constituted a "governing body" and that a quorum was required for that combined body's bargaining sessions, in the light of the fact that the PECBA requires that at least one representative of management and one representative from labor be present in order to bargain.
The trial court granted TriMet's renewed motion for summary judgment, concluding that the evidence established that the parties' bargaining sessions were "not within the scope of the public meetings law." It then entered judgment in favor of TriMet. The judgment declares that "Collective bargaining sessions between TriMet's negotiating team and the ATU bargaining team are not 'meetings' subject to ORS 192.610 et seq. governing public meetings."
ATU appeals, reiterating the arguments that it made to the trial court: (1) that ORS 192.660(3) requires public bodies to conduct labor negotiations in public meetings, regardless of whether such negotiations are conducted in a manner that qualifies as a "meeting" under the Public Meetings Law; and (2) even if ORS 192.660(3) applies only when labor negotiations are conducted in the context of a "meeting," the parties' bargaining sessions qualify as "meetings" because the parties' negotiating teams, when combined, form a "governing body" that cannot bargain without the presence of a quorum of that combined team. In addition, ATU argues that TriMet's choice not to impose a quorum requirement in connection with its negotiating team's bargaining sessions should not mean that TriMet "can unilaterally evade application of the Public Meetings Law."
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
This appeal arises from a general judgment that resulted from cross-motions for summary judgment; ATU assigns error both to the grant of Tri–Met's motion and to the denial of its own motion. In this posture, both rulings are subject to review. Ellis v. Ferrellgas, L. P., 211 Or.App. 648, 652, 156 P3d 136 (2007). Under those circumstances, "the record on summary judgment consists of documents submitted in support of and in opposition to both motions." Citibank South Dakota v. Santoro, 210 Or.App. 344, 347, 150 P3d 429 (2006), rev den, 342 Or 473 (2007). We review each motion to determine "whether there are any disputed issues of material fact and whether either party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Vision Realty, Inc. v. Kohler, 214 Or.App. 220, 222, 164 P3d 330 (2007).
III. ANALYSIS
A. Does ORS 192.660(3) impose an obligation on TriMet to conduct labor negotiations in open meetings?
We first consider whether ORS 192.660(3) required TriMet to conduct labor negotiations in open meetings, regardless of whether those negotiations are conducted by a "governing body" or in a form that constitutes a "meeting." That provision states:
"Labor negotiations shall be conducted in open meetings unless negotiators for both sides request that negotiations be conducted in executive session. Labor negotiations conducted in executive session are not subject to the notification requirements of ORS 192.640."
We acknowledge that the text of the provision—when divorced from its context—can be read as ATU reads it: that is, to impose an obligation on public bodies to conduct their labor negotiations in an open meeting, unless both sides agree otherwise. However, statutory "text should not be read in isolation but must be considered in context." Stevens v. Czerniak, 336 Or 392, 401, 84 P3d 140 (2004). Here, the context of the provision precludes us from adopting ATU's interpretation of ORS 192.660(3).
For one, ORS 192.660(3) is not a stand-alone provision. Instead, it is part of ORS 192.660. ORS 192.660 is a statute that regulates governing bodies' use of executive sessions, which, as noted, are closed meetings by statutory definition. ORS 192.610(2). That context strongly suggests that, in enacting ORS 192.660(3), the legislature's intention simply was to specify that, when a governing body conducts labor negotiations during a meeting, that part of the meeting must be open unless both sides agree that the negotiations can, instead, be conducted in executive session. Had the legislature intended to enact a statute requiring that all public bodies conduct all labor negotiations in open meetings, even if the negotiations did not otherwise fall within the scope of the Public Meetings Law—something that would be a significant expansion of the Public Meetings Law—we think it unlikely that the legislature would have buried that provision within the statute regulating the use of executive sessions.
Additionally, ORS 192.660(3) is part of the Public Meetings Law—a law that does not regulate public bodies generally but, instead, regulates the conduct of governing bodies and, in particular, the manner in which governing bodies must conduct their meetings. That, too, indicates that the legislature intended for ORS 192.660(3) to apply to labor negotiations only when the requirements of the Public Meetings Law otherwise apply to those negotiations because they are being conducted by a governing body in a meeting.
Our decision in SW Ore. Pub. Co. v. SW Ore. Comm. Coll., 28 Or.App. 383, 559 P.2d 1289, rev den, 279 Or 1 (1977), holds as much. There, we considered whether ORS 192.660(3) applied to labor negotiations conducted on behalf of the school district by a retained negotiator. First, we determined that "the Public Meetings Law in general and the sections of the law concerning 'executive sessions' specifically are applicable only to 'governing bodies' " as defined by ORS 192.610. Id. at 386. We based that conclusion solely on the text of ORS 192.630(1), which establishes the general requirement imposed by the public meetings law: "All meetings of the governing body of a public body shall be open to the public and all persons shall be permitted to attend any meeting except as otherwise provided by ORS 192.610 to ORS 192.690."4 (Emphasis added.) Second, we concluded that, because "[a] retained labor negotiator is neither a member of a public body nor a governing body," as defined by ORS 192.610, ORS 192.660(3) "has no applicability to negotiations conducted by a retained negotiator." Id. In other words, we concluded that ORS 192.660(3) does not apply to labor negotiations that, as a factual matter, are conducted in a way that does not fall within the scope of the Public Meetings Law. Although, as ATU points out, ORS 192.660(3) has been amended since we decided SW Ore. Pub. Co., those amendments do not undercut the rationale for the decision: ORS 192.660(3) applies to labor negotiations only when those negotiations are conducted in the context of a "meeting" under the Public Meetings Law, and does not apply when the negotiations are conducted outside of a "meeting."5
Accordingly, the trial court was correct to conclude that ORS 192 .660(3) did not entitle ATU to judgment as a matter of law that TriMet is required to conduct its collective bargaining sessions with ATU in the context of open meetings.
B. Do the undisputed facts establish, as a matter of law, that TriMet's bargaining sessions with ATU are not "meetings"?
We next consider ATU's argument that the trial court erred when it failed to conclude, as a matter of law, that TriMet's bargaining sessions with ATU qualify as "meetings" under the Public Meetings Law.
As noted, a "meeting," as defined by ORS 192.610(5), is a "convening of a governing body of a public body for which a quorum is required in order to make a decision or to deliberate toward a decision on any matter." As we have explained, a "convening" of a governing body that does not require a quorum for the purpose of deliberating or making a decision is not a "meeting" for purposes of the Public Meetings Law. Harris v. Nordquist, 96 Or.App. 19, 24, 771 P.2d 637 (1989) (gathering of a quorum of governing body at a restaurant was not a "meeting" because no quorum was required for that type of gathering); Oregonian Publishing Co. v. Board of Parole, 95 Or.App. 501, 506, 769 P.2d 795 (1989) (explaining that the words "for which a quorum is required in order to make a decision or to deliberate toward a decision" in the definition of "meeting" "modify or characterize the kind of quorum that is required to make a 'convening' a 'meeting' ").
Here, the uncontroverted evidence in the record is that the "convening" of TriMet's negotiating team to bargain with ATU is not a "convening" for which a quorum is required. Specifically, TriMet has, as a factual matter, set up its negotiating team so that it can bargain with ATU regardless of how many members of that team show up to participate. As a result, as the trial court concluded, the negotiating team's bargaining sessions, as a matter of law, are not "meetings" of that team under the Public Meetings Law.
On appeal, ATU does not appear to dispute that, if TriMet's negotiating team is the relevant "governing body" to consider, then the negotiating team's bargaining sessions are not meetings. In other words, ATU does not argue that there are factual disputes as to whether TriMet's negotiating team requires a quorum for convening a bargaining session with ATU. Instead, ATU argues, as it did below, that TriMet's negotiating team and ATU's negotiating team together constitute an "advisory group" under ORS 192.610(4), which, in turn, qualifies as a "governing body" under ORS 192.610(3), because it consists of two or more members of that advisory group that makes recommendations regarding a collective bargaining agreement to TriMet. ATU argues further that, under the PECBA, that combined group must have a quorum—one person from each team—present in order to convene a bargaining session, thereby making the bargaining session a meeting.
We reject that argument. We see nothing in the record that would permit the conclusion that the combined negotiating teams constitute a single, unitary "advisory group." On the contrary, the record affirmatively compels a contrary conclusion. The record reflects that the two teams are selected by different entities, and that the two teams represent distinct interests in the bargaining process: the negotiating team represents TriMet as a public employer, and ATU's negotiating team represents TriMet employees. Under those circumstances, there is no basis to view the separate negotiating teams as a single governing body. As a result, ATU has not demonstrated any error in the trial court's conclusion that the parties' bargaining sessions, as a matter of law, are not "meetings" under ORS 192.610(5).
C. Do the undisputed facts establish, as a matter of law, that the Public Meetings Law does not apply to TriMet's bargaining sessions with ATU?
Finally, we consider ATU's argument that the fact that TriMet's negotiating team does not have a quorum requirement for its sessions with ATU does not mean that, as a matter of law, TriMet's negotiating sessions with ATU are exempt from the application of the Public Meetings Law. On this point, we agree with ATU.
Our recent decision in Handy clarifies that the Public Meetings Law applies not only to formal "meetings" of governing bodies (that is, formal "convening [s] * * * for which a quorum is required in order to make a decision or to deliberate toward a decision on any matter[,]" ORS 192.610(5)), but also to circumstances in which a quorum of a governing body "meets" to deliberate toward or make a decision outside of the context of a "meeting." 274 Or.App. at 658–62 (discussing how the Public Meetings Law regulates both formal meetings of governing bodies, as well as informal gatherings of the members of a governing body for the purposes of deliberating toward or making a decision). Here, we have concluded that the undisputed facts establish that there is no quorum required for the convening of TriMet's negotiating team's bargaining sessions with ATU, and that those sessions, therefore, are not "meetings." For that reason, the trial correctly entered a declaration to that effect.
However, after the trial court decided this case, we decided Handy, which has provided further clarification as to the operation of the Public Meetings Law. In the light of that clarification, it is now apparent to us that the trial court's declaration that the parties' bargaining sessions are not "meetings" neither ends the analysis nor fully resolves the controversy between the parties. TriMet's complaint seeks a judgment declaring that the provisions of the Public Meetings Law have no application to the parties' bargaining sessions at all. But, as Handy now establishes, that those bargaining sessions are not "meetings" does not necessarily mean that the Public Meetings Law does not apply to them. And on the summary judgment record as it stands, it is possible that the Public Meetings Law may have some application to the parties' bargaining sessions.
Specifically, although TriMet's negotiating team does not require the presence of a quorum in order to convene its bargaining sessions with ATU, that does not mean that TriMet's negotiating team is a body without a quorum and, thus, exempt from the restrictions of the Public Meetings Law. On the contrary, if TriMet's negotiating team is, in fact, a governing body—and TriMet concedes on appeal that it might be6 —that governing body necessarily has a quorum. A quorum is simply "the number of the members of an organized body of persons * * * that when duly assembled is legally competent to transact business in the absence of the other members: a usu. specified number of members (as an absolute majority) in the absence of which an organized body cannot act legally * * *." Webster's Third New Int'l Dictionary 1868 (unabridged ed 2002).7 If TriMet's negotiating team is, in fact, a governing body, that number exists.8 That, in turn, gives rise to the possibility that ORS 192.630(2) may apply to the parties' bargaining sessions in some circumstances. As Handy explains, even if those sessions are not "meetings" because there is no requirement that a quorum be present to convene them, the sessions may nonetheless be subject to the limitations contained in ORS 192.630(2).9 274 Or.App. at 657–62. Consequently, on this record, we are unable to conclude that TriMet is entitled to judgment as a matter of law that the Public Meetings Law has no application to those sessions, as TriMet requested in its complaint. For that reason, we vacate the trial court's judgment and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Vacated and remanded.
1. ORS 192.610(4) states:" 'Public body' means the state, any regional council, county, city or district, or any municipal or public corporation, or any board, department, commission, council, bureau, committee or subcommittee or advisory group or any other agency thereof."
2. ORS 192.690 exempts certain meetings of specified governing bodies from the provisions of the Public Meetings Law.
3. ORS 192.660(3) provides:"Labor negotiations shall be conducted in open meetings unless negotiators for both sides request that negotiations be conducted in executive session. Labor negotiations conducted in executive session are not subject to the notification requirements of ORS 192.640."
4. At the time we decided SW Ore. Pub. Co., a prior version of ORS 192.660(3) was in effect, which stated that " '[l]abor negotiations may be conducted in executive session if either side of the negotiators requests closed meetings,' " 28 Or.App. at 385 (quoting ORS 192.660(3) (1977)). However, because we based our reasoning in that case solely on the text of ORS 192.630(1), which remains unchanged, the difference in statutory wording does not affect the applicability of that decision to the case at hand.
5. We have reviewed the legislative history of ORS 192.660(3) as originally enacted and as amended and have not found it helpful; some parts appear to support ATU's position, whereas other parts appear to support TriMet's position.
6. Specifically, TriMet acknowledges that the current summary judgment record does not establish as a matter of law that TriMet's bargaining team is not a "governing body" as that term is defined in the Public Meetings Law.
7. The legislature did not define the term "quorum" in the Public Meetings Law. For that reason, we give the term its ordinary meaning.
8. Under Oregon law, the default quorum of a governing body is a majority. A governing body, by definition, is a body that has been granted "the authority to make decisions for or recommendations to a public body on policy or administration." ORS 192.610(3). Under ORS 174.130, if a body consists of three or more members, only a majority of that body may exercise the authority granted to it, "unless expressly otherwise provided by law." See People for Ethical Treatment v. Inst. Animal Care, 312 Or 95, 103, 817 P.2d 1299 (1991) (acknowledging that ORS 174.130 "imposes a quorum requirement on [the defendant's] authority to approve grant applications").
9. For example, if TriMet's negotiating team is a "governing body" that has the statutory default quorum of a majority, then, as an eight-member body, the negotiating team's quorum is five. Although the negotiating team does not have a quorum requirement for conducting its bargaining session with ATU, if five or more members of the negotiating team were to "meet" to participate in a bargaining session, it is possible that the team would be in violation of ORS 192.630(2). | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,811 |
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Q: evaluating the performance of item-based collaborative filtering for binary (yes/no) product recommendations I'm attempting to write some code for item based collaborative filtering for product recommendations. The input has buyers as rows and products as columns, with a simple 0/1 flag to indicate whether or not a buyer has bought an item. The output is a list similar items for a given purchased, ranked by cosine similarities.
I am attempting to measure the accuracy of a few different implementations, but I am not sure of the best approach. Most of the literature I find mentions using some form of mean square error, but this really seems more applicable when your collaborative filtering algorithm predicts a rating (e.g. 4 out of 5 stars) instead of recommending which items a user will purchase.
One approach I was considering was as follows...
*
*split data into training/holdout sets, train on training data
*For each item (A) in the set, select data from the holdout set where users bought A
*Determine which percentage of A-buyers bought one of the top 3 recommendations for A-buyers
The above seems kind of arbitrary, but I think it could be useful for comparing two different algorithms when trained on the same data.
A: Recommenderlab is an R package that has built-in functionality to train and evaluate item-item CF based on binary user-item matrix. If nothing else, reading the package vignette might give some ideas. The author of the package also has a paper on evaluating top-n recommendations based on binary user-item data. Links below. The pdf's have the same name but they are diff content.
http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/recommenderlab/vignettes/recommenderlab.pdf
http://machinelearning202.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/44663680/recommenderlab.pdf
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 9,813 |
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Judith Ann Davis
11:00 a.m. Friday
First Congregational
700 Poyntz Avenue
Manhattan, Kansas 66502
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Yorgensen-Meloan-Londeen Funeral Home
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Crisis Center
Judith Ann "Judy" Davis, age 74, of Manhattan, died on April 23, 2021, from metastatic lung cancer. As was her fervent wish, she died at home in the care of her three children.
Judy was born on October 19, 1946, in Frankfort, Kansas, to Franklin F. and Twila Mae (Schreiner) Davis.
She graduated from Linn High School in 1963. In 1981 and 1988 respectively, she earned her Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Political Science from Kansas State University.
Judy was a woman of unquestionable conviction and fierce integrity who desired to live a life of purpose and intent. To that end, she worked in the Office of Student Life from 1992 to 1997, showing dedication, support and concern for the students of Kansas State University in her role as director of the Women's Center.
Most significantly, Judy's greatest legacy will be her service to vulnerable women and their children as the executive director of The Crisis Center, Inc. Her tenure at The Crisis Center encompassed two time periods, first from 1981 to 1992, and then again from 1997 until the time of her death. In total, Judy devoted nearly 35 years to her life's calling as an advocate for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. She was loved, admired and respected for her unwavering commitment to increasing awareness, understanding, and compassion for her clients. Judy gave voice to the underrepresented and misrepresented and made a tremendous difference in the Manhattan community.
It was her steadfast sense of duty to "the Center" that motivated Judy's valiant fight to live and continue to work. Her tenacious sense of responsibility to the Center gave her the strength, perseverance and will to battle so long and so hard against the vicious cancer that consumed and ravaged her body. Cancer took her body but it could not diminish her unrelenting spirit. Even as her life waned and she became too weak to walk, drive or open doors, she still continued to go to her office to work. It was difficult for those who loved her to watch her decline and struggle. However, out of respect for her, we tried to help her serve as fully as she possibly could for as long as she possibly could.
Judy was deeply grateful for and profoundly humbled by the generous outpouring of financial support given by the citizens of the Manhattan area for The Crisis Center's new safe house. Although she did not live to see the construction of the new safe house, it comforted her to know that it would be built and serve as a refuge and safe haven for the Center's clients, thus fulfilling a long-held dream and goal.
Judy was a member of the Manhattan First Congregational United Church of Christ. She was an avid cook and gifted baker who took pride and joy in creating delicious food for her family and friends. She mastered many exquisite and delightful dishes over the years, but she will be especially remembered for her scrumptious pies and bread. The times she cherished most were those spent around her dining room table with the people she loved, gathered together to celebrate holidays and birthdays and savor the amazing food she had prepared lovingly by hand. One could call Judy a "food snob" and she rather relished that designation! She also enjoyed a really great glass of red wine or a good cup of black coffee—the stronger and darker the better! Judy was crazy about her loyal little Labradoodle, Bonnie, who was a constant source of comfort, companionship and entertainment for her.
Judy was previously married to Terry K. Bokelman, the father of her son and two daughters.
Those left to celebrate Judy's life and mourn her passing are her three children, Leslie (Mick) Smith, Michelle Welliver, and Jonathan Bokelman, all of Manhattan. She is also survived by her aunt Elizabeth (Schreiner) Budenbender of rural Frankfort; brother Walter D. Davis of Warren, Michigan; granddaughter Kelsey Welliver and grandson Zane Smith of Manhattan; niece Laura Alexander of Manhattan and nephew Shawn Alexander of Clay Center. Judy will also be greatly missed by the many individuals to whom she was a mentor, role model and example of humble service.
Judy was preceded in death by her parents Franklin and Twila; aunt Evelyne Davis; brother Franklin F. Davis, Jr.; sister Peggy Manges; niece Mary Evelyne Davis; and infant granddaughter Ashley Nichole Welliver.
Judy's children wish to thank Dr. Koeneke, the nurses and all the support staff at the Cancer Center of Kansas in Manhattan for their exceptional care, kindness and compassion for Judy, as well as the home care staff of Good Shepherd Hospice House for the tender-loving support and guidance they provided in order to fulfill their mother's last wishes and make her final days at home as comfortable and peaceful as possible.
Judy's earthly remains will be cremated. A private interment will take place at Sunrise Cemetery where her cremains will be buried near her beloved granddaughter Ashley.
A visitation will be held from 6:00 until 7:30 p.m. Thursday July 29, 2021 at the Yorgensen-Meloan-Londeen Funeral Home.
Memorial services will be held at 11:00 a.m. Friday July 30, 2021 at the First Congregational United Church of Christ, 700 Poyntz Avenue in Manhattan.
Memorial contributions in memory of Judy are suggested to the Crisis Center. Contributions may be left in care of the Yorgensen-Meloan-Londeen Funeral Home, 1616 Poyntz Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66502.
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GMAC: Too Important to GM to Fail
Daniel Indiviglio
Late yesterday I finally finished going through the TARP Congressional Oversight Committee's new report (.pdf) on GMAC. It's totally fascinating. Reading the report was like witnessing one of those horrible car accidents where you don't want to look, but you can't look away. It's pretty clear that the Congressional Oversight Committee deeply disapproves of how the GMAC bailout was handled. I do too, so I was eager to read what they had to say. The report is informative, thorough, sensible and revealing.
But it's also long. I can't possibly sum up its entire 170 pages here, but I'll do my best to provide some highlights. If you want the whole story, you can find all the gory details here (.pdf).
A Taxpayer's Nightmare
Who should be concerned with the GMAC bailout? The U.S. taxpayer. This diagram explains why. You're the little building with columns on the left:
(TruPS are "Trust Preferred Securities"; MCP is Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock)
$17 billion might not seem like much (ya know, in context), but it amounts to a 56% ownership stake in the lender. According to the Office of Management and Budget, the taxpayer loss will be at least $6.3 billion. And that doesn't take into account the $7.4 billion of FDIC guaranteed debt GMAC issued. Or the $7.8 billion credit line ($5 billion utilized) from the Fed's Term Auction Facility. Or the $3.1 billion obtained through the Fed's Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility.
Its financial performance makes pretty clear why a big loss is likely:
As you can see, GMAC is doing horribly in pretty much every aspect of its business. Its Global Automotive Finance (GAF) is near breaking even, but its mortgage portfolio is just awful.
Why Was It Rescued?
So if GMAC was so far gone, then why was it rescued? Not because it was systemically important to the U.S. economy -- according to the Treasury. The report says:
Treasury has never argued that GMAC itself was systemically important, although in 2008 some Treasury staff members believed that GMAC's failure at that time - independent of its effects on the domestic automotive industry - could have thrown an already precarious financial system into further disarray during the depths of the financial crisis.
GMAC, however, was no Bank of America or Citigroup. It wasn't that interconnected like a Goldman Sachs either. It wasn't too big to fail: it was too important to GM to fail.
Why was the lender so vital to the automaker? Not so much because of its auto loans -- GM's customers probably could have got those elsewhere. It had more to do with a different type of loan GMAC and other captive auto lenders provide: dealer floorplan loans. The report explains:
Floorplan financing is a vital cog in the U.S. automotive market, as it allows dealers to offer cars to consumers. Floorplan financing is crucial for dealers because of the significant cost associated with financing their entire inventories via wholesale automobile purchases from the manufacturers. The average floorplan loan is $4.9 million, and collectively U.S. automobile dealers hold about $100 billion worth of inventory. Floorplan loans provide dealers with a revolving line of credit that allows dealers to maintain their inventories for sale to customers. This also helps manufacturers manage their inventory, facilitating the transfer of automobiles from the plant to the dealer. For the lender, the generally low profit margins in floorplan financing are balanced by an attractive credit profile and gateway business opportunities to other, potentially more lucrative product lines (e.g., consumer auto and dealer real estate lending).
Without floorplan loans, dealerships would fail. Without dealerships, GM couldn't sell cars. Without selling cars, GM would fail. And as we know all too well, GM's failure was not an option the federal government was willing to consider. So, really, the big picture shows that GMAC's rescue was just a backdoor bailout of GM. In order to keep GM going, GMAC had to be saved. (I should note that GMAC also provided lending to Chrysler, so the other troubled U.S. automaker was part of that equation too.)
Could Bankruptcy Have Accomplished The Same Task?
So GM needed floorplan loans, but did GMAC necessarily have to be the provider of those loans? The oversight panel isn't so sure. In the executive summary, they write:
Moreover, the Panel remains unconvinced that bankruptcy was not a viable option in 2008. In connection with the Chrysler and GM bankruptcies, Treasury might have been able to orchestrate a strategic bankruptcy for GMAC. This bankruptcy could have preserved GMAC's automotive lending functions while winding down its other, less significant operations, dealing with the ongoing liabilities of the mortgage lending operations, and putting the company on sounder economic footing. The Panel is also concerned that Treasury has not given due consideration to the possibility of merging GMAC back into GM, a step which would restore GM's financing operations to the model generally shared by other automotive manufacturers, thus strengthening GM and eliminating other money-losing operations.
Indeed, other options could have been seriously considered. The Treasury also could have empowered other lenders to provide floorplan financing to GM through guarantees. That wouldn't have been as costly as you think. As the report rightly notes, "Floorplan financing is a low-risk business, particularly in comparison to consumer automotive." I find it a little difficult to believe that other lenders wouldn't have eagerly stepped in to provide already low-risk loans to GM if government guarantees were also in place. That would have been better for moral hazard and would not have forced taxpayers to cover GMAC's enormous mortgage losses.
No Strategy
Another big concern of the oversight panel is that all this money was provided to GMAC without the firm first providing a clear strategy for recovery:
Treasury's previous and current support is not underpinned by a mature business plan. Although GMAC and Treasury are working to produce a business plan, Treasury has already been supporting GMAC for over a year despite the plan's absence. Given industry skepticism about GMAC's path to profitability and the newness of the non-captive financing company model, it is critical that Treasury be given an opportunity to review concrete plans from GMAC as soon as possible.
The report mentions such plans had generally been required when the Treasury involves itself in other seemingly unconditional rescues, like those of GM and Chrysler. Why not GMAC? Indeed, a year later, its losses are still incredibly deep.
Stress Test Debacle
GMAC was one of the 19 bailout recipients to be subjected to the government stress tests. It failed. Along with 9 other banks, it was required to acquire capital by November. It was the only bank that failed to do so from the private market. That's why it needed three bailouts, instead of just one. The Treasury felt compelled to provide GMAC with capital due to its participation in the stress tests. I don't understand this why; neither does the oversight panel:
There was no specific contractual obligation to GMAC either as a result of the stress tests or as a result of previous injections of capital. At the time of the May 2009 investment, Treasury and GMAC executed the May Stock Purchase Agreement (SPA), which described the terms under which Treasury would provide capital to GMAC should it be unable to obtain additional capital from private sources. The term sheet appended as a schedule to the May SPA, however, only stated that Treasury stood ready to commit "up to $5.6 billion" in additional capital. Treasury clearly retained the legal flexibility to provide less than that amount - even zero - if circumstances warranted.
My analysis here is that the Treasury a) didn't want to lose its initial $5 billion investment (the 1st bailout) and b) had an essentially unlimited commitment to do whatever it took to keep GM afloat. That's what drove it to use the stress test as an excuse to provide GMAC with more money. So it just kept throwing good money into the furnace to keep GMAC going.
Treasury's Lenience
This point gets into the weeds a little, but when the Treasury established the stress tests, it created the "Capital Assistance Program" (CAP) to recapitalize banks that failed, if it chose to do so. And the requirements of firms obtaining money from the CAP were different from the general the TARP requirements -- the CAP was stricter. The report explains:
An institution that received funding under the CAP would be subject to several restrictions, including restrictions on executive compensation, increased disclosure requirements, and a requirement that the institution provide information regarding how it would use the CAP funds to increase lending.
Treasury's rationale for disregarding the CAP? Since GMAC would have been the only firm to utilize the CAP, officials didn't feel that it made sense to bother with the program just for GMAC's funding. After all, it could just give GMAC more all-purpose TARP money. But wasn't there a reason they created these stricter rules for the CAP? Receiving additional bailout funds was an exceptional situation that deserved exceptional treatment.
WTO Worries
Another interesting worry from the report: trade implications. It says:
As discussed above, although GMAC is no longer a subsidiary of GM, the TARP funds provided to GMAC have been cited by at least one trading partner as giving rise to subsidy concerns under applicable WTO rules. Thus, another consequence of the GMAC/GM model, in which GM and GMAC (whether captive or otherwise) are almost inextricably entwined, is that funds provided to GMAC have also been viewed as a subsidy to GM itself. The Panel takes no position on whether funds provided to either GM or GMAC could in fact constitute a subsidy under WTO rules. However, one trading partner has included the aid to GMAC in that analysis, raising the question as to whether any trading partner could be successful in arguing that support for GMAC could constitute an actionable subsidy under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules.
China, in particular, was not amused.
CEO Salary
I've already commented on the GMAC CEO's salary. It was pretty sizeable:
That deferred stock vests immediately, but its payout is deferred.
I don't know that I can conclude any better than the final paragraph of the report:
Viewed from the vantage point of March 2010, or even December 2009, the decision to rescue GMAC is one of the more baffling decisions made under the TARP. A company that apparently posed no systemic risk to the financial system, that did not seem to be too big to fail, too interconnected to fail, or indeed, of any systemic significance, was assisted to the extent of a total of $17.2 billion of taxpayers' money and became one of the five largest wards of state. The decision to save GMAC was not, however, a December 2009 decision. It was made in the turbulent early months of 2009 as an intrinsic part both of the rescue of GM and Chrysler and of the stress tests, and can only be understood in that context. Within that context, Treasury's objectives become clearer, and within that context, it is also clear that there are lessons to be learned.
And let's hope those lessons are learned. But for now, it looks like GMAC will continue to enjoy unconditional government support as long as GM does.
(Nav Bar Image Credit: faris/flickr)
Daniel Indiviglio was an associate editor at The Atlantic from 2009 through 2011. He is now the Washington, D.C.-based columnist for Reuters Breakingviews. He is also a 2011 Robert Novak Journalism Fellow through the Phillips Foundation. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,816 |
A program just for you.
If you are thinking about a book, writing a book, or finished your first manuscript this is the place to get the job done. This referral system gets you in touch with the publisher. To reach an Authorhouse representative call 1-888-519-5121, press 0 for the operator. Authorhouse will ask you for information pertaining to your referral person so be prepared with that information (ID number, author's name and name of book), so your referral person can be accredited with their gift upon completion of your book. That is Authorhous's way of saying thank you to the person who referred you ($100 cheque). The cheque only goes to your referral person after the complete publication of your book. The rest is up to YOU! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,817 |
hearth/myth: An Ode to Book Bloggers.
Y'all might not realize it, but there aren't a whole lot of marketing opportunities for indie authors (or at least, not a whole lot of ethical opportunities, which I'll talk more about in next week's post). On Amazon, I'm one author in a vast sea of others. You can gain exposure by making your book free, and you can certainly move a lot of books that way (free is everyone's favorite price, after all), but if readers are snapping up 30 or 40 free books at a time, the chances that they'll ever find yours on their Kindle or Nook or Kobo again -- let alone to getting around to reading it -- are kind of small. And then you have to hope that they like your book well enough to go back to the place where they bought the book and leave a review, or -- best of all -- that they remember your name and spend money for your next book.
Granted, you can take out an ad somewhere like Facebook. But how many people will see it, let alone click through to buy your book? If you're like me, you've got something like Adblock Plus installed on your computer, so you don't see any ads.
But book blogs? Ah, book blogs are marvelous.
Book bloggers themselves are marvelous. For starters, they're readers. Nobody in his or her right mind would start a book blog if he or she didn't like to read in the first place. I know some bloggers who just wanted a place to keep a list of all the books they've read, and the blog grew from there. So you know that they're looking for books to read and review. And they're upfront about the types of books they like to read, so if you do a little homework, you will know immediately whether they might like your book.
Book bloggers, as a tribe, have the patience of Job. They often put up with pushy authors who want to know why they haven't yet seen a review of their darling. Sometimes, authors turn unprofessional, even abusive. It takes a thick skin and a sense of the absurd, I think, to survive as a book blogger for long.
But bloggers don't just do reviews. They also provide a platform for indie authors to gain visibility. Over the past year, I've done numerous guest posts, a couple of Q&As, at least one character interview, and a post that broke the fourth wall and let me talk directly to Joseph and Naomi. This not only gives bloggers content for their blogs, but it lets us authors showcase our creativity in different ways than just writing fiction allows us to do.
So hats off to you, my book blogger buddies, and may your tribe ever increase.
"It takes a thick skin and a sense of the absurd, I think, to survive as a book blogger for long."
This is a great post, Lynne! It is a shame that such a thick skin is required, but I hope bloggers know that the majority of us authors are incredibly humbled by their amazing support!
I'm glad to be both an author and book blogger, to see things from both sides. I have amazing respect for book bloggers and will always be indebted to them.
Dropping by from the Celebrating Bloggers Blog Hop. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,818 |
Winter Of Code Lineup 2014-2015
moxie0 on 16 Dec 2014
Every year when we do this kind of call for proposals, our experience from past events sets our expectations higher. Even with really high expectations this time around, we were blown away by the number of high-quality proposals we received for this winter. It's inspiring to know how many people are thinking seriously about the development of privacy-enhancing technology, and we hope that one day we'll have a space large enough to accept all the proposals that we wish we could.
The lineup for this January is set to be really great:
Cade (@helveticade) Cade is an Australian-based designer. Over his eight year career, he has worked on projects of varying sizes across Tokyo, Singapore, Sydney and Melbourne. Inspired by the challenges faced by early human computer interfaces, Cade's current work focuses on emerging technology, privacy & security and socially responsible design. He is CoinJar's Creative Director, and Design Lead for a small design consulting firm, Koyo. Cade writes music and is also completing research into generative music theory.
Natalie Wilkinson I am a videography student from San Francisco Art Institute, outdoor sports enthusiast, and general lover of things. I will be working on a promotional video for Open Whisper Systems as well as offering my services to the group should they have any ideas for digital media orientated artistic work. I yoga, surf, hike, climb, read palms and Lenormand, sing, listen, speak, poet, photo and video.
Sterling Radcliff (@radcliffx) Sterling is a software engineer "living" in San Francisco that enjoys skateboarding, hopping freight trains and learning new things.
Yoko Nakano (Yokz) (@yknakano) I have been working in the field of Human Computer Interaction for the past eight years as a user researcher, information architect, interaction designer, and a UX designer. I practice and preach design through empathy, collaboration, iteration and validation. On Winter of Code, I'll be improving the user experience of existing iOS and Android apps as well as lending my hand on concepting new work and helping with the website.
Gregg Horton (@greggawatt) Gregg Horton is a developer and conceptual information artist living in Oakland, California. When he's not writing code you can find him recording narrations of obscure anarchist literature over ambient music, exploring the intersection of surveillance culture and autonomous expression, or rambling through the redwood forest with his German Shepherd Husky mix. He will be building a privacy-conscious replacement for the Google Play store that will utilize his sick JavaScript skills.
Jessy Irwin (@jessysaurusrex) Jessy is a marketing communications professional working in security in San Francisco. She is an outspoken advocate for stronger privacy and security protections in education, and is currently researching the surveillance taking place in schools across the country. She can be found regularly ranting on Twitter, and her current passions include dinosaurs, big necklaces, tacos and caffeine.
During this year's Winter of Code, Jessy will be using her knowledge of the "dark arts" of marketing, content strategy and public relations to create content that can be remixed, refactored, patched and reworked to fit the needs of users, contributors and developers. By working on updating site content and making information easier to find, she hopes to create a framework that can help the Open Whisper Systems community continue to grow and flourish. Additionally, she will be working on ways to communicate the importance of security (and the technology behind it) to users who may not understand why encrypted calls and texts are important – just that they need "something else" or "something secure" to use.
Riley Shaw (@rileyjshaw) Riley has a degree in electrical engineering and spends his time designing and writing software. He's looking forward to getting nerd-sniped around a table of smart, friendly people at WBoC. He's an avid kiteboarder, and really perked up when he heard that surfboards would be involved. Riley will be finishing up the interface for TextSecure-Browser and helping out with Signal. Some of his past work can be seen at http://rileyjshaw.com.
Tina Huang (@kmonkeyjam) I am a software engineer with a passion for technologies that empower open communications. In the past, I've worked on Blogger, Google News, and Twitter, and I love the role open whisper systems plays in providing a secure means of communication. I like building resilient distributed systems, so I'm hoping to make the mobile sign-up process more robust by tracking some stats around SMS confirmations during sign up and improve SMS delivery. I also love to surf, especially when I don't have to put on a wet suit.
Jack Rogers (@jackflips) I'm a CS student at UC Santa Cruz whose interest in privacy tech was sparked after a judge in a hackathon here called my project for protesters "un-American." I'll be working on the iOS side of TextSecure and attempting to live up to a mumbled "yeah, I can almost surf."
Emily Chao I'm a sophomore studying Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. I'm deeply interested in web development and want to learn more about security, cryptography and user information privacy. I just want to learn about everything technology-related! If not coding, I like singing along to my 4-hour long Spotify playlists and exploring new places. I'll be helping out on the TextSecure Chrome Extension.
Luke Connolly (@kidminded) Originally from New Haven, Connecticut, Luke is an interactive designer and entrepreneur living in New York City. As much a philosopher as a designer, he is curious about the implications that technology has for society and the human psyche. He will provide design support (branding, UI, and UX / product) on this year's trip.
Joyce Yan (@joyce_y) I'm a Silicon Valley native and sophomore studying CS at the University of Southern California. At Winter Break of Code I'll be working on giving a UI facelift to the TextSecure app.
Calvin Hu (@turtlekiosk) A New Yorker who enjoys microcontrollers, maps, Life, and the board game Go. During Winter Break of Code, Calvin will be working to close TextSecure issues and looking into privacy preserving location sharing.
Matthew Jewkes Professionally, Matthew has founded a cooperative software consultancy, works on an indie-MMO, and helps coordinate tax-credit support for self-directed researchers. After work, Matthew throws underground late night ceremonies and affairs. He has also worked as a boat-builder in Lunenburg, a journalist in British Columbia, a code-monkey in NYC, and a meditation instructor in San Diego. During Winter of Code, Matthew will be working to grow the Open Whisper Systems developer community.
Open Whisper Systems Alumni
Tyler Reinhard (@abolishme) Tyler is a workflow publisher, designer, front-end web developer, and social theorist living in Brooklyn, NY. He's been involved with Whisper Systems since the original beta, and is currently working on the iOS interface for a new implementation of Open Whisper Systems secure communication software. Tyler is also the co-founder of Mask Magazine, a style magazine for antagonist youth.
Rhodey Orbits (@notrhodey) Rhodey Orbits maintains the Flock Android client and server deployments while simultaneously limping along on development of Zones. They have a satellite in orbit and have been working in computer security for seven years. Rhodey dreams of one day reclaiming the @rhodey handle on Twitter.
Christine Corbett (@corbett) Christine co-leads the iOS development team. She is an MIT graduate with 11 years of software engineering experience, and has been developing mobile applications for social good for the past 6 years – including the popular Circle of 6. She daylights as an astrophysicist, and hopes to go to Mars one day. This winter she'll be focusing on getting Signal launched with TextSecure functionality integrated, onboarding new iOS developers, and the roadmap for the future of Signal.
Jake McGinty (@clpwn) Jake works on Android projects, usability, and making the dark theme even darker. When not trying to project the lives of others onto small screens, Jake also plays with cryptography in the same way a five-year-old might try to play with industrial construction equipment.
Frederic Jacobs (@fredericjacobs) Fred is co-leading the iOS development. He daylights at the Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL) and plays around with cryptography and censorship resistance. This winter he'll be focusing on bringing TextSecure capability to Signal on iOS.
Lilia Kai (@liliakai) Lilia develops the browser extension and maintains the website. She comes to Open Whisper Systems from the EFF, where she built online advocacy tools for activists fighting for a better internet. In her spare time she practices yoyo tricks and DIY home automation. She also serves as chief of sticker operations. This winter she'll be focusing on getting the TextSecure browser extension ready for its first release.
Matt Corallo (@TheBlueMatt) Matt started the browser extension at last year's Winter Break of Code. Since co-founding Blockstream, his free-time to work on it has been reduced to nearly zero, but will be diving back in to the nitty-gritty crypto underbelly in January and the new year!
Joshua Lund (@joshualund) Joshua Lund will continue to hone the copy and fine tune the functionality of Open Whisper Systems text and apps.
Trevor Perrin (@trevp__) If it were up to Trevor, secure protocols would always have more keys. No content, just keys. Over Winter Of Code, Trevor will continue his quixotic quest to convince everyone else that there should be more keys.
Moxie Marlinspike (@moxie) Interested in the tension towards the unmediated, combined with a strange passion for secure protocols. Ultimately, we also needed someone there to wash the dishes. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,819 |
Q: I skipped the downloading part in the final part of Ubuntu installation. What did I miss? I was in a hurry while installing Ubuntu and saw the option to skip the downloads so I directly installed it with the basic stuff. Does the stuff that I skipped affect performance or anything else?
A: If it boots and gets to Unity (the graphical desktop environment), then you should be fine. If you skipped and it works great, it must be a built-in program. You could ask what they were and just get them using the sudo apt-get install [package here] command.
A: You can do this in a few ways.
*
*You can hit "Search your computer" -> and click on "Software Updater"
*Open terminal, and type sudo apt-get update and then sudo apt-get upgrade -y
Both will get the remaining packages.
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 9,820 |
Meth labs decline in Sand Springs, state
7.24.15 – Rachel Snyder, Tulsa World
Sand Springs is following a statewide trend in declining local methamphetamine production.
The number of meth labs reported has steadily decreased statewide since the passage of House Bill 2176 in 2004, which limited the amount of pseudoephedrine pharmacy customers can buy at one time.
Oklahoma Bureau of Narcotics Public Information Officer Mark Woodward said there were 830 meth labs reported across the state in 2012, 343 of which were in Tulsa County.
Since then, the number of meth labs has reduced by about 50 percent each year, Woodward said. There were 442 labs statewide in 2013, 145 of which were in Tulsa County, and 214 for 2014, 54 of which were in Tulsa County.
"Meth use in Oklahoma is still epidemic," Woodward said. "Mexican cartels are pouring Mexican ice, or crystal meth into Oklahoma."
He said between 90 and 95 percent of meth in the U.S. comes from Mexico. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,821 |
Automated Content: The Rise of the Robot Writer
The robot writer may be rising, but it's a long way from the top.
Automated content is becoming increasingly sophisticated, and can now be used as a viable alternative to some basic ghostwriting services. After all, there's nothing easier than having a robot do your work for you. Automated content is nothing new; content spinning has existed as long as online marketing has. Automated content has become far more advanced in recent years, though there are still some things that it simply cannot achieve.
Automated Data Extrapolation
Automated data really shines in areas that have a specific template that needs to be followed. There are many websites that might call for this type of data: a company that needs population statistics for a list of cities, a company that reports and summarizes news articles or a company that creates reports based on daily stock activity. Anything that needs to convey basic statistics, calculations or facts can usually be easily replicated by a computer, though these services often require custom programming to suit the business.
Automating Shared Content
Sharing content improves your connections within your industry, builds your reputation as an authoritative source and keeps your site active even when you're not. Shared content is a natural candidate for automation because all the process needs to do is find a piece of content related to your industry and post it for you. The simpler a process is, the more likely it is to go without a hitch. However, there are still some things that could go awry: you could post too often, your content sharing could become too detached and you could lose control over the content being posted.
Automating Cross-Platform Synchronization
Perhaps the simplest, and most useful, form of automation is simply cross-platform synchronization. Cross-platform automation tools distribute content among all of your social platforms, to ensure that nothing is missed and that all of your venues are updated on time. As the amount of social platforms that need to be tracked ever increases, cross-platform automation becomes an essential tool in a marketer's arsenal.
Automated Content Marketing
Of course, the main goal of content automation is to achieve automated content marketing. Despite many attempts, there still is no way to spin content in a way that sounds natural to a reader. Not only does spun content seem awkward when read, but it can also be easily detected by search engines and will quickly plummet a website's ranking. For those that want to delve into the content marketing arena, there's simply no getting around the need for a live writer. However, that does not mean that live content can't be augmented with automated content for a comprehensive and cost-effective content solution.
Recent years have undoubtedly seen many advances in automated content technology, but it may still be a while before automated content can truly replace ghostwriting services. As for now, some level of automated content can be very useful to a marketing team, but only if it's carefully monitored and properly curated. The simpler the automation is, the more likely it is to be beneficial.
Jenna I is a freelance writer available on WriterAccess, a marketplace where clients and expert writers connect for assignments.
Freelancer Jenna I | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,822 |
Chloé's Coffee
Discussing Vital Aspects Of Our New Normal &
What We Can Do To Heal.
TO HEAL MEANS:
To make free from injury or disease: to make sound and whole: to make well again: to restore to health: to cause an undesirable condition to be overcome: to patch up or correct: to restore to original purity or integrity: to become free from injury or disease: to return to a sound state.
Healing Resources
When you join us for the "Let's Heal" live experience November 7th from 3:00 to 6:00 PM EST we will pour our hearts out and do our best to meet you right were you are, while using our expertise and intuitiveness to guide you along as we process you up for sustainable success. In addition, we will leave you will FREE resources to continue your personal growth and healing on your journey. Check out the goodies below.
Get Sherri's "Self Love Journey" Book & Be Featured In Soul Culture Magazine.
Take The Personal Excellence Profile Self-Awareness Assessment & Discover Your Power & How To Use It.
Get Chloé's "Determine Your Ideal' Workbook & Be Featured In Flourish Digital Magazine.
Sherri Lyn Hill
Meet Sherri, a spiritual healer and force to be reckoned with when it comes to using her gifts to inspire and heal others deep-rooted pain. Sherri shares and coaches from her own personal experiences and from professional training and six professional certifications. She is a Life Coach and Master Reiki Practitioner who is now using her Forensic Healing Techniques to help others resolve their deep rooted problems and return to love.
Her book, "A Self Love Journey" is available on Amazon.com.
Meet Chloé, a woman who has been chosen and mandated to love, inspire, encourage and empower women and girls around the world by educing and drawing out their "authentic" best. Chloé is believes in establishing new paradigms and creating new personas and identities to play new life games. She is a lifestyle strategist, Personal Excellence Coach and author of four books that are available on Amazon.com.
"Let's Heal"
Tickets $149
let's heal
It's Your Life to Live.
A Glimpse Into Chloé's Coffee Chat & PeP COACHING With Madison
Brave are the women who choose to fight through the agony of depression, anxiety, and trauma from past experiences or current circumstances to find self-love, beauty within, and the power to laugh again. And to be able to envision a whole new ideal for a happier, flourishing, fun future is everything. Join us for "Let's Heal" and bring a friend." | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,823 |
3.0 Resistance to embrace Information technology and subsequent changes that it requires.
4.0 Lack of Research and Innovation within general business sector.
5.0 Monopoly in various sector makes Canada noncompetitive.
6.0 An attitude of entitlement exists in various sectors.
7.0 Service sector has an attitude of getting away with fleecing customer.
8.0 Low accountability in salary and real output of an employee and an organization.
9.0 Non existing training facility for existing employees in SMB sector.
These comparisons were made in accordance with OECD countries productivity criteria.
3.0 Specialized Apparel Manufacturing Service with distributed warehouse and manufacturing facility.
4.0 Municipal Governments with distributed offices for administration, public works , water treatment and recreation facilities.
In such organizations, operations management is essential to deliver optimal product and service quality. In delivering the goods and service at an optimal level the organization quite often resorts to the methods and procedure of operations management- An engineering and management field of study that has genesis in US Army.
Using operations management one can identify the business operation of an organization and identify key bottlenecks and service delivery across organization that can be automated using information technology or other means.
Multiple Location Car Dealership- Centralized Network Management and cloud based document management and work flow.
Cold Storage Facility and logistics- Collaboration Serve & ERP -Document Management for Logistics and Trucking Industry, Plant Compressor Management. IOT Monitoring.
Apparel Industry- Multi Warehouse Integration of ERP using Building top ISM band Microwave Link.
One of the constraining factor in operations management is cost management. Simply stated too expensive solutions are not feasible, however good it is. We need a solutions that is workable with in the reality of the market economics.
In reengineering a business process and to automate the operations management, we need to understand the associated cost management. The implications of Information Technology and dynamics of Canadian Economy to execute the transformative decisions is dependent on return on investment and local economic situation. Cost management and analysis provides this decision making facility within the context of business process reengineering.
At Keen Computer, we examine the business reengineering and operations management with in the greater context of cost management. If you are contemplating operations management involving Business Process Reengineering, please contact us for advice and execution. We will be of positive assistance in your endeavor. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,824 |
Georgia DOT prepares for heavy Super Bowl LIII traffic in Atlanta
The NFL battle of the New England Patriots and the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl LIII is scheduled for Sunday, Feb. 3 at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in downtown Atlanta.
The Georgia Department of Transportation expects some heavy traffic next weekend there.
Because of that, the Georgia DOT is restricting construction-related lane closures to ease Super Bowl LIII traffic congestion in and around metro Atlanta. The restrictions began Friday, Jan. 25, and are scheduled to last until 5 a.m. on Tuesday, Feb. 5.
There will be no lane closures on projects inside the perimeter and in the following areas:
I-285.
I-85 between Commerce and Atlanta.
I-985 between Gainesville and Atlanta.
I-75 from South Marietta Parkway to I-85.
The Transform I-285/SR 400 project will continue to have lane closures for various work leading up to Friday, Feb. 1. Lane closures for this project will be restricted between from 12 a.m. Friday, Feb. 1 to 5 a.m. Tuesday, Feb. 5.
Georgia DOT also plans to close a portion of state Route 3/Northside Drive and Route 139/ Martin Luther King Jr. Drive for activities until after the day of Super Bowl LIII.
Here is a map of traffic congestion and the closures.
Georgia DOT advises fans attending Super Bowl LIII events and drivers planning to travel in and around downtown Atlanta to plan ahead. Get travel information by calling 511 or using the Georgia 511 app, found at 511ga.org.
In addition, state offices in north and northwest Georgia will be closed Tuesday, Jan. 29, because of forecast ice and snow.
Heavy equipment operator overcomes challenges
A woman who operates one of the biggest pieces of heavy equipment in the world is sharing her story of overcoming life's challenges.
By Mark Reddig | January 16 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,825 |
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Bulldogs Leave It All on the Field
In this week's Plainview News, read about the PEM Football team and how they left it all on the field against Waseca in the Section 1AAA Championship. The Plainview News keeps you connected to the...
PEM Ag Department receives $15K grant
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Restoring a Rich History
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Franklin Leroy Olson, Sr
Franklin Leroy Olson, Sr., 90, of Plainview, died peacefully at St. Isidore Health Care Center of Greenwood Prairie in Plainview, Minn. On April 7, 2016 after complications from a stroke. His family...
Gene Tice
Gene Tice, 60, of Burnsville, MN, a former Rochester resident, died suddenly Friday, March 12, 2016 in his sleep in Burnsville, MN. Gene was born December 7, 1955 to Ralph and Virginia (Roach) Tice...
Adelaide (Ann) Lehnertz
Adelaide (Ann) Lehnertz, 92, passed away Friday, February 26, 2016 at Olmsted Medical Center in Rochester surrounded by her loving family. She was born March 15, 1923 to Peter and Leona (Siebenaler)...
Grace Bartz
Grace May Bartz, 82, of Plainview, died Thursday, February 25, 2016 at St. Isidore Health Care Center in Plainview. Grace was born February 6, 1934 in Wabasha County. She was adopted as a child by...
Mary (nee Erickson) Ferguson
Mary (nee Erickson), 93, entered the presence of the Lord on February 23rd, 2016 surrounded by family. A graduate of Plainview High School and Winona State Teachers College, she taught in area...
Betty Eileen Cook
Betty Eileen Cook, 88, of Plainview, died February 5, 2016 at St. Isidore Health Center of Greenwood Prairie in Plainview. She was born January 13, 1928 in Winona to Glen and Loretta (Boehlke)...
Margaret (Peggy) E. Henry
Margaret (Peggy) E. Henry of St. Charles, age 89, died peacefully at her home on February 6, 2016 surrounded by music, prayer and her loving family. Peggy was born June 13, 1926 to Thomas and...
E-S boys suffer pair of losses
by Jenna Zingshiem, student writer The Eleva-Strum boys basketball team had a non-conference game against Mondovi on Tuesday, Jan. 26, and played at Augusta on Thursday, Jan. 28. Both games...
Donald Kottschade
Donald Louis Kottschade, 78, of Winona passed away on Friday January 15, 2016 after a recent diagnosis of ALS (Lou Gerhig disease). He was born February 13, 1937, in Wabasha, MN, to William and Mae (...
Layne Buckingham
Layne Paul Buckingham, 85, of Kenyon, died Sunday, January 3, 2016 at his home. Layne was born August 28, 1930 in Plainview, Minnesota the son of Myrl and Maybelle (Schmidt) Buckingham. He was a...
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Winter 2015 Edition
Ibn Bâjja
First published Fri Sep 28, 2007; substantive revision Wed Feb 29, 2012
Philosophy in Al-Andalus developed later among Muslims than among Jews, although both communities were nurtured by a common Oriental philosophical tradition in Arabic. The Muslim community was much larger and it defined the cultural space. The great figure of Medieval Judaism Shelomo Ibn Gabirol or Avicebron (1021–1058) was also a talented philosopher; he was active in Saragossa. He preceded, by over two generations, the first Muslim philosopher of Al-Andalus, Ibn Bâjja (d. 1139), active also in that town. The reasons for the later development of philosophy in Muslim Al-Andalus, therefore, cannot be explained by the fact that the country was situated far away from that nurturing source.
The cause is likely that philosophy was never central to the Islamic intellectual constellation and that it flourished in peripheral areas, geographical as well as doctrinal. The greatest evidence is Ibn Sînâ (d. 1037) who lived in the Iranian provinces and in a Shiite environment. Al-Andalus was peripheral in geographical, but not in doctrinal, terms. The country followed Sunni orthodoxy and the Malekite school of law prevailed while Ash'arite theology was weakly cultivated. When Abû l-Qâsim Ṣâ'id Ibn Ṣâ'id (d. 1070) devoted a chapter of his world history of the sciences and philosophy to Al-Andalus, his information about philosophy was significantly scarce (Ṣâ'id 1998, pp. 96–108; 1991, pp. 58–78). In spite of the circumstances, philosophy in Al-Andalus blossomed into maturity with Ibn Bâjja.
1. Life and circle
2. Organization of the sciences
3. Mathematical sciences
4. Natural philosophy
5. Ethics and metaphysics.
6. Supplements
Primary Literature
Secondary Literature
Abû Bakr Muḥammad Ibn Yaḥyà ibn aṣ-Ṣâ'igh at-Tûjîbî Ibn Bâjja was known to the Latin philosophers as Avempace. We can assume that he was born in Saragossa around 1085, when the city was the capital of the Taifa kingdom of the Banû Hûd; Yûsuf al-Mu'tamin Ibn Hûd reigned from 1081–1085, and his successor al-Musta'în II reigned until the year 1110 when he was killed in the battle of Valtierra. Alfonso the Christian King of Aragon won this battle. Avempace may have been in the service of al-Musta'în II Ibn Hûd (Maqqarî 1968, vol. 7, p. 25). He was followed by 'Imâd ad-Dawla Ibn Hûd who stayed in power only for a few months. In the same year, 1110, he was overthrown by the Almoravid Sultan 'Alî ibn Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn (ruled 1107–1143), who sent Abû 'Abd Allâh Muḥammad Ibn al-Ḥâjj, governor of Valencia (and the East province), with the Almoravid army to conquer Saragossa. 'Imâd ad-Dawla had to leave the town and retire to Rueda, a fortress located some distance from Saragossa.
After Ibn al-Ḥâjj's death in 1114, the Almoravid Sultan appointed his brother-in-law Abû Bakr 'Alî ibn Ibrâhîm aṣ-Ṣahrawî, known as Ibn Tîfilwît, as the governor of the province.[1] The connection of Avempace to Ibn Tîfilwît is well attested by both Ibn Ḥaqân and Ibn al-Khaṭîb. Avempace composed panegyrics for Ibn Tîfilwît who rewarded him lavishly. Avempace also wrote poems of the muwasshaḥa kind that pleased him, and they both enjoyed music and wine. Abû Bakr Ibn Tîfilwît nominated Avempace his vizier, and Avempace went to meet the deposed 'Imâd ad-Dawla Ibn Hûd King in his castle apparently in a diplomatic mission, but he ended up in jail for some months. Ibn Tîfilwît died in 510 AH/1116 CE in an operation against the Christians and Avempace composed moving elegies in his memory.
King Alfonso the Battler conquered Saragossa from the Almoravids on December 18, 1118, after a long blockade. It is not clear whether Avempace then left town or had already left. We know that he looked for shelter in Xàtiba in the court of Abû Isḥ'âq Ibrahîm ibn Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn, known as Ibn Tâ'yâsht because Tâ'yâsht was the name of his Berber mother. Ibrahîm was a brother of the caliph, and governor of Murcia and the Eastern part of al-Andalus. Avempace was again imprisoned and we may guess the causes. Abû Marwân 'Abd Malik bn Abî l-'Alâ' Zuhr (d. 1161) was a famous physician in the service of Ibrâhîm (he wrote for him the Kitâb al-Iqtiṣâd), and al-Maqqarî informs us that there was an extreme enmity between Avempace and the father of 'Abd al-Malik, also a physician, named Abu l-'Alâ' Zuhr (d. 1130) (Maqqarî 1968, vol. 3, pp. 432–434). Even worse for him, Abû Naṣr al-Fatḥ Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Khaqân (d. 1134?) was also a courtier of Ibn Ta'yâsht, to whom he devoted the Qalâ'id al-iqyân[2] a poetry anthology where he contemptuously put Avempace in last place (Ibn Khaqân 1966, pp. 346–353). The court of Ibrâhîm ibn Yûsuf was not a welcoming place for him.
In spite of the incident, Avempace remained within the Almoravid circle for the rest of his life and for approximately twenty years served as vizier of the mentioned Yaḥyà ibn Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn, another brother of the Sultan 'Alî Ibn Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn (d. 1143) in the Maghrib. Vincent Lagardère has done the most extended research on the Almoravids in recent times and provided us with information on all the children of Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn (Lagardère 1989, pp. 80 and 174–178). Nevertheless, he has not found any information on Yaḥyà other than he was a son of Yûsuf and his wife Zaynab, and that he was born around 477 AH/1084 CE. Thus, he was of a similar age to Avempace.
From around 1118 until 1136, we have no information on Avempace's life. In 1136, he was in Seville and his disciple Abû l-Ḥasan Ibn al-Imâm was in his company (Ibn Bâjja 1983, p. 87). Three years later, in Ramadan 533 (May 1139), Avempace died in Fez.
As for the causes of his death, several sources point to poisoning. Al-Maqqarî recounts that Ibn Ma'yûb, a servant of the physician Abû l-'Alâ' Ibn Zuhr, his enemy, was suspected of poisoning him with an eggplant (Maqqarî 1968, vol. 4, pp. 12–13), but Abû l-'Alâ' Zuhr (not Ibn Zuhr) had already died in 1130 at Cordova, and lived in Seville most of his life.
The Almoravids bestowed their support on Avempace and other non religious scholars in spite of being very reverential to the Malikite jurists. Abû 'Abd Allâh Mâlik ibn Yaḥyà Ibn Wuhaib al-Azdî (1061–1130) (Dunlop 1955b, Predecessors, 100–116) cultivated all sciences including philosophy but none of his works is extant. Nevertheless, the Amîr al-Mu'minîn 'Alî ibn Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn made him his vizier and his friend. Al-Maqqarî informs us that 'Alî called him from Seville to Marrakech and appointed him qâḍî of Marrakech. He ordered him to discuss religious matters with Ibn Tûmart, the founder of the Almoravid dynasty (Maqqarî 1968, vol. 3, pp. 479–480). Al-Maqqarî says that Avempace supported him, but we do not know anything more about their relationship (Maqqarî 1968, vol. 3, p. 434).
We are better informed about his friends Abû Ja'far Yûsuf ibn Ḥasday[3] and Abû l-Ḥasan 'Alî ibn 'Abd al-'Azîz Ibn al-Imâm al-Anṣârî.[4] Ibn al-Imâm was from Saragossa too and was vizier of Abû Ṽâhir Tamîm Ibn Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn al-Mu'izz, (1072–1126) the eldest son of Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn, brother of the ruling Sultan and governor of Granada and later of the whole al-Andalus. Tamîm was a hero, being the winner in the battle of Uclés in 1108.
Ibn al-Imâm and Avempace were friends for years; we have several letters that Avempace wrote to him on philosophical issues. Dunlop translated the beginning of an incomplete letter of Avempace to Ibn al-Imâm in which Avempace refers to a treatise he composed during his second imprisonment.[5] As Ibn Khaqân reported, Avempace was imprisoned by Abû Isḥ'âq Ibrahîm ibn Yûsuf Ibn Tâshufîn for a second time, after 1118.
Avempace's works are mainly preserved in five manuscripts: Oxford Bodleian Pococke 206, Berlin Ahlwardt 5060 WE87 (now Krakow, Biblioteka Jagielloska), Tashkent 2385/92, Cairo, Dâr al-kutub, Akhlâq 290, Ankara, Library of the Faculty of History and Geography, Ismail Saib I 1696 (Taylor 1982). The copyist of manuscript Pococke 206 wrote on folio 120a that he copied his text from an original that included the handwriting of Ibn al-Imâm. "The vizier finished the reading of this section under him [Avempace] on the 15th of Ramadan 530" (June 17, 1136) and the place was Seville (Ibn Bâjja Rasâ'il, p. 87). Ibn al-Imâm was governor ('âmil) of the town and in charge of the poll-tax, the copyist added.
Ibn al-Imâm decided to move to the East. Avempace composed the Epistle of the Farewell Message as a spiritual companion for the travel. Since Avempace died in May 1139, Ibn al-Imâm left al-Andalus between 1136 and 1139, after he finished copying many texts of Avempace which he took with him. From his manuscript another one, the Pococke 206, was copied in Qûṣ, in the upper Egypt in 547 AH/1152 CE by al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Ibn an-Naḍr when Ibn al-Imâm was alive. Thus, 1152 is the earliest date for Ibn al-Imâm's death.
Abû Ja'far Yûsuf ibn Ḥasdây is also the recipient of a letter from Avempace in which he refers to the astronomer az-Zarqâlluh, Azarquiel (d. ca. 1000), and also writes about his own order of learning.[6] Ibn Abî Uṣaybi'a includes in his biography his history of physicians,[7] and reports his friendship with Avempace. Ṣâ'id Ibn Ṣâ'id gives a biography of probably his grandfather, Abû l-Faḍl Ḥasdây ibn Yûsuf (fl. 485 AH/1092 CE), "of the city of Saragossa and of the Jewish nobility in al-Andalus" who was first to read Aristotle's Physics and De caelo in al-Andalus.[8]
Abû Ja'far Yûsuf ibn Ḥasdây moved to the East and from 1121 to 1125 he worked for al-Ma'mûn al-Baṭâ'ihî, a vizier of the Fatimid Caliph al-Âmir. He wrote for him commentaries on Hippocrates and was involved in building an observatory at Cairo known as the Ma'mûnî Observatory (Maqrizî 1913, pp. 174–176). The observatory was demolished when the vizier fell into disgrace in 1125. Dunlop added a few names to the circle of Avempace, like Abû l-Ḥasan Ibn Jûdî, a younger friend, but Mâlik Ibn Wuhaib, 'Alî Ibn al-Imâm and Abû Ja'far Ibn Ḥasday are the outstanding figures in his circle.
Ibn al-Imâm (Avempace 1968, 177–178) produced the first list of Avempace's writings, followed by Ibn Abû Uṣaybi'a (1886, 2001), and the extant ones are found in the manuscripts Escorial, Derenbourg 612, Oxford, Pococke 206, Berlin, Ahlwardt, 5060 (now Krakow), and Tashkent 2385. A scholarly account was first made by the late Jamâl ad-Dîn al-'Alawî (1983) who not only analyzed manuscripts and printings, but also tried to establish the chronology of the writings and, on this basis, a developmental account of his thought.
Al-'Alawî based his chronology on the before mentioned letter which Avempace sent to his friend Abû Ja'far Yûsuf ibn Ḥasdây in which he explained that he first learned about mathematical sciences, music and astronomy. He went on to study logic using the books of Alfarabi and later devoted himself to physics, the philosophy of nature. We understand that Avempace had not worked with metaphysics yet. Al-'Alawî distinguished three stages in Avempace's development and classified his writings according to these stages. His writings on music, astronomy and logic belong to the first stage; those on natural philosophy to the second; and those most representative of his thinking—the Rule of the Solitary, the Epistle of Conjunction and the Farewell Message—to the third and last stage.
Avempace himself tells us how these sciences are organized. Ibn Bâjja followed other Andalusians in turning to Abû Naṣr al-Fârâbî, Alfarabi (d. ca. 950), for instruction in logic and in classifying the sciences. Alfarabi is the author of a treatise "enumerating" the sciences (Fârâbî 1952) and some books of the introductory genre: Epistle with which the book on logic begins (Dunlop 1957b, Risâlah), Sections containing all what needs the beginner in logic (Dunlop 1955a, Introductory), and the Book of the Eisagoge or Introduction (Dunlop 1956).
Avempace wrote commentaries on many of them, beginning with his annotations on the Chapters and on the Eisagoge, mixed with ones on the Categories. His annotations are preserved in two manuscripts: Oxford Pococke 206 and, to a larger extent, Escorial Derenbourg 612. These annotations on the three books belonging to the introductory genre are often intermingled and may offer different versions ('Alawî 1983, pp. 80–83).
Porphyry's Eisagoge was translated into Arabic by Abû 'Uthmân Ya'qûb ad-Dimashqî (fl. 914) and his translation was used by Alfarabi in his Book of the Eisagoge (Îsâghûjî) or Introduction (Madkhal). In his Eisagoge, Porphyry established five universal "meanings": genus, species, differentia, property, and accident, as the foundations of logic, the first element of a chain, the highest development of which is the syllogism. Alfarabi opened his Introduction with the following statement:
Our purpose in this book is the enumeration of the things of which judgments are composed and into which they are divided, i.e., the parts of parts of the syllogistic expressions employed in general in all the syllogistic arts (Dunlop, Eisagoge, 1956, p. 127; Arabic, p. 118: 3–4).
Avempace comments on his words but when he comes to "in all the syllogistic arts", he moves to another treatise of Alfarabi (Dunlop 1957b, Risâlah, Arabic, pp. 225–225, English transl. 230–231), and seizes the opportunity to expound on their common classification of the syllogistic arts. There are five: "philosophy and the [four] arts". The four arts are dialectic, sophistic, rhetoric, and poetry. He uses Alfarabi's words and explains what makes them syllogistic: "It is in the nature of the syllogistic arts to be employed [for their own sake] once they are assembled and completed, and not to have an action as their end".[9]
Philosophy embraces all beings "insofar as it knows them with certain science" (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 27). Thus, two requirements are to be followed: certainty of knowledge and universality of scope, and these requirements hold only for the five divisions of philosophy: metaphysics, physics, practical philosophy, mathematics, and logic.
Metaphysics aims at those beings which are the ultimate causes; they are neither a body nor in a body. Physics or natural science aims at the natural bodies, the existence of which does not depend on human will at all. Practical philosophy—which Avempace calls "voluntary science"—aims at beings produced by the human will and choice.
Mathematics deals with beings abstract from their matters, although endowed with number and measure, and is divided into arithmetic, geometry, optics, astronomy, music, mechanics or the science of weights, and the "science of devices," which studies:
How to bring into existence many of the things proved theoretically in mathematics, where the worth of the device consists of removing hindrances that, perhaps, hindered their existence. There are numerical devices—like the algebra, geometrical ones—like those for measuring the surface of bodies which are impossible to access, astronomical devices, optical—like the art of mirrors—musical, and mechanical (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 28, ll. 9–11).
We shall soon see that astronomy occupies a particular place in the system because its subject results from optical observation. Logic is the fifth and last division of philosophy and focuses on properties that beings acquire in the human mind; "because of such properties and their knowledge [logic] becomes an instrument for apprehending the right and the truth in beings" (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 28, ll. 13–14). Avempace remarks that for this reason some people consider logic to be only an instrument and not a part of philosophy, but insofar as these properties have real existence, logic can be integrated into philosophy. He concludes that logic is both part and instrument of philosophy.
Since a distinguishing feature of philosophy is the use of the apodictic syllogism (burhân) (the only one that yields certain knowledge), not all syllogistic sciences can be considered parts of philosophy. Avempace enumerates four such non-philosophical arts: Dialectic relies only on opinion and negates or asserts something through methods of general acceptance. Sophistry aims at beings insofar as it misrepresents them and deceives us: it makes the false look true, and the true, false. And following the tradition initiated by the Greek commentators on Aristotle, Avempace includes Rhetoric and Poetics in logic (Ibn Bâjja 1994, pp. 28–29). These four arts use other kinds of syllogism but only to convince another, not to infer the truth, whereas philosophy causes man to convince another and to infer the truth for himself.[10]
The classification of the sciences, indeed, is not complete because the aforementioned arts are all theoretical and arts like medicine or agriculture have not been considered. Alfarabi distinguished, at the beginning of his Risâla, between syllogistic and non-syllogistic arts and aligned medicine, agriculture, carpentry with the second. They were non-syllogistic because, once their parts were assembled they resulted in doing something, not in employing a syllogism (Dunlop 1957b, Risâlah, p. 225). He admitted, nevertheless, that some parts of these non-syllogistic arts were brought out by syllogisms, and he mentioned medicine, agriculture and navigation.
Avempace was not as systematic as Alfarabi but he picked up the forgotten non-syllogistic arts, changed them into "practical arts", and wrote:
If some of them [the practical arts] employ syllogisms as medicine and agriculture do, they are not called syllogistic because their purpose is not [to convince another] nor to employ syllogisms, but to do some activity (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 29, ll. 17–20).
Avempace wrote nine medical treatises (Forcada 2011, pp. 113–114). Forcada has edited, studied, and translated one of them, his "Commentary on Aphorisms", a supercommentary on Galen's commentary on Hippocrates' Aphorisms which illustrates Avempace's view about medicine. Medical syllogisms have their premises specifically obtained by means of experience. Experience is obtained on its turn by means of perception through one's life time. Avempace defines experience:
As man reliance on perception to know particular [aspects, juz'îyât] of some matter so that some science results from this perception.
Experience is said in general and in particular. If it is said in general, it points out that perception intents knowing particular [aspects] of a mater, from which a universal proposition results. The particular [instances] may take place either by man's will or naturally (Forcada 2011, p. 146).
Therefore Avempace ranks experience not a as high in certitude as the first intelligible but second to it, and he makes it essential part of medicine, insofar as it can yield universal propositions.
Avempace inserted his classification of the sciences into the Eisagoge, a treatise whose aim is to discover the simple universal categories underlying the parts of the sentences. His master Alfarabi added the chapters on definition, borrowed from the Aristotelian Analytica Posteriora. Alfarabi had also introduced, at the beginning and in his enumeration of the parts of the sentence, the distinction between "sound" (lafẓ) and "meaning" (ma'nà) and said:
Every predicate and every subject is either a sound signifying a meaning or a meaning signified by a certain sound, and every meaning signified by a sound is either universal or individual (Dunlop 1956, Eisagoge, p. 119, ll. 1–2).
Avempace observes that "subject" and "predicate" are ambiguous terms because they may refer to meanings as well as to sounds, and what Alfarabi considers in this book are the meanings not the sounds (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 30, ll. 6–8). According to their meaning, both parts of the sentence are either universal or individual. Avempace then follows Alfarabi and divides universal parts into simple and composite: simple parts of the sentence are genus, species, specific difference, property, and accident. Composite parts are the definition, the description, and "an expression the composition of which is restricted, and is neither a definition nor a description" (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 30, ll. 16–17). Avempace's meaning here can only be understood by reading Alfarabi's Eisagoge. Alfarabi defined it as an expression which "is made up of species and an accident, as when we say of Zaid that he is a white man and sometimes it is made up of accidents, as when we say of Zayd that he is an excellent secretary".[11]
The nine categories or sorts are parts of the syllogisms (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 30, ll. 18–19), according to Avempace and his observations on "subject" and "predicate" are linked to the sciences which are built on syllogisms. The philosophical sciences, dialectic and sophistry, have universal subjects and predicates. Poetry and rhetoric have individual subjects and universal predicates. Rhetoric employs one or more individual subjects as well as predicates in cases in which the syllogism resorts to an image or to corroboration.[12]
Avempace knew the difficulties of bringing together the Porphyrian Eisagoge with the Aristotelian corpus as well as the need to classify and organize the sciences. He did not leave us a systematic treatise, but only wrote comments on Alfarabi's writings. In spite of it, we can perceive a model that starts with the division of "meaning" into individual and universal, continues with the distinction between simple and composite universals, inserts the doctrine of the categories, moves toward the construction of syllogisms, and develops into the variety of sciences according to their syllogistic nature or not. Let us deal with the place of the categories.
The Oxford manuscript marks a new chapter in the text with the heading "Of his discourse at the beginning of the Eisagoge". Here, Avempace divides "meanings" into two kinds: intelligibles (ma'qûlât) and individuals (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 42, l. 7). Intelligibles can exist either in the mind or in something outside of it and they are associated mainly with the universals. Avempace quotes Aristotle's definition of the universal: "That which is by its nature predicated of more than one thing" (Interp. 17a 39) but he borrows the quotation from Alfarabi who commented on the sentence (Dunlop 1956, Eisagoge, p. 119, ll. 4–13). Avempace has two interpretations for the passage. The first says: "that which is by its nature" refers to an actual resemblance so that universals contain similar individuals "at one and the same time". By contrast, the second interpretation does not limit the universals to any moment, and Avempace writes:
[Aristotle] intended with the expression "that which is by its nature" the natural [character of the universal] and its disposition to resemble more than one, which does not imply that the resemblance exists in its actualization. For it is not impossible for the eclipse, insofar it is intelligible, to have a resemblance; further it is not impossible for the eclipse to be predicated of many (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 46, ll. 4–6).
The concepts of possibility and impossibility come into action and the universal is defined as having the possibility to resemble more than one, "the possibility inhering in the meaning insofar as it is intelligible" (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 46, ll. 10–11). On the contrary, the individual lacks such possibility; rather, it is impossible for the individual to resemble more than one.
Any relation, i.e., the Aristotelian category, in order to exist needs two possibilities, one for each subject of the relation in contrast to the other nine categories, in which one possibility in one subject is sufficient. Resemblance is a relation, since it is to be predicated on two, and both are properties of the classes of intelligibles as well as of their individuals. The intelligible relations exist in the categories, not because of their own essence. To sum up, only the intelligibles possess the possibility of resembling more than one and are predicted to possess many.
For Avempace, the main purpose of the Eisagoge is to explain the concepts that underlie the ten Aristotelian categories. The first interpretation of "that which is by its nature" is more appropriate to this purpose because the second interpretation affects all beings, but the categories do not affect all beings and they deal with existents insofar as the mind acquires them. These concepts are of two kinds: simple and composite. The simple ones are the five universals and the three composite are the definition, the description and the aforementioned. "restricted composition".
Avempace affirms that the five predicables are not primitive concepts, but constitute correlations between two universals falling within the rules of individuals and classes. He says: "Genus, species, property and accident are correlates (iḍâfa) which are inherent to the intelligibles regarding the quantity of their subjects" (Ibn Bâjja 1994, p. 50). Genus, species and property are essences inhering in a shared subject; by contrast, the accident is not an essence and exists outside the subject. The specific difference is related only to the individual and may be grasped without reference to the universal.
Avempace's annotations to Alfarabi's Kitâb al-Madkhal are more innovative than they might seem at first. He points out that the Eisagoge should not be limited to the exposition of the five "sounds"—maybe six, if the individual is added[13]—and that a particular science was needed to lay the foundations for the Organon. He conceives this science as a formal theory of individuals and classes that is followed by the theory of definition and description.
Al-'Alawî's exposition of three steps in the intellectual development of Avempace does not conflict with Avempace's view of the sciences. In fact, Alfarabi was active in the three fields in addition to the preparatory logic. The first of the three syllogistic sciences is mathematics that deals with objects deprived of matter but endowed with number and measure. Mathematic contains various sciences, among them music and astronomy.
The biographical sources are informed by Avempace's expertise as a musician and as a composer of muwashshaḥa poetry. In addition, he has left us a brief composition on the melodies.[14] Avempace expounds on the therapeutic effect of playing the 'ûd, lute, on the basis of universal harmony existing between the heavenly spheres and the bodily nature, the humors. Each chord of the lute is related to one of the four elements: fire, air, earth, water, and each chord has a beneficial influence on each disease caused by one of the humors. The chord called zîr acts on the bile, the chord mathnà on the blood, the chord mathlath, on the black bile, and the chord bamm, on the phlegm. Avempace instructs the player how to place the lute on his body and which finger plays which chord. If the musician plays the lute in the right way, his day will be most beautiful.
In his letter to Abû Ja'far Yûsuf Ibn Ḥasdây (Ibn Bâjja 1983, Rasâ'il, pp. 77–81), Avempace blames the astronomer az-Zarqâlluh for not having properly understood astronomy and attacks him for his "Treatise to refute the method employed by Ptolemy to calculate the apogee of Mercury". This work of az-Zarkâlluh is not extant. J. Samsó informs us that Ptolemy's calculation of the apogee was wrong by approximately 30º and that az-Zarkâllah calculated the apogee in another work only with an error of 10º (Samsó 1993–1994, pp. 676–677). Avempace, however, criticizes the method that az-Zarkâlluh employed.
Avempace wrote a letter to Abû Zaid 'Abd ar-Raḥmân Ibn Sayyid al-Muhandis (Ibn Bâjja 1983, pp. 84–87) about a preliminary question from the first book of the Conic Sections of Apollonius of Perga (ca. 200 BC). In another letter to his disciple 'Alî Ibn al-Imâm (Ibn Bâjja 1983, 88–96) Avempace mentions Ibn Sayyid as the discoverer of new procedures in geometry. In addition to this letter, one passage in his Commentary on the Physics[15] and another in The Book of animals (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 74) deal with the Conic Sections in a sketchy way. Ahmed Djebbar studied Ibn Sayyid and Avempace and gathered that both Andalusians were innovative in their study of warped surfaces resulting from the intersection of conic and non-conic surfaces.[16]
Avempace commented very freely on the Aristotelian works and wrote independent articles on various subjects of personal interest. We are not always sure which source he read and whether it was the complete translation or an abridgment. In the case of his commentary on the Meteorology,[17] we know from Paul Lettink's edition and translation of the commentary. Lettinck proved that Avempace read the altered version of the Meteorology made by Yaḥyà Ibn al-Biṭrîq (d. ca. 830. Petraitis 1967).
The Aristotelian treatises dealing mainly with natural philosophy are the Physics, Coming-to-be and Passing-away, On the Heavens, and Meteorology. This is the traditional order of their arrangement within the corpus, and the books on the Animals are last. Avempace followed the order for his reading of the corpus, wrote his commentaries accordingly and thus we should review his commentary on the Physics first.[18]
Avempace defines this science as theoretical, the subject of which is the natural body and says that most of its subject is known by the senses (Ibn Bâjja 1973, p. 15, ll. 7–9). Physics works on the basis of principles insofar as it is theoretical and searches for causes as its demonstrative science. We should not leave aside a long discussion on the essence and position of physics in Avempace's introduction to his Book of Animals.
Every theoretical science is composed of principles and problems. The results may be called problems (masâ'il). The principles can be concepts (taṣawwur) and they are uttered by spoken sounds that are individual in potency or in actions. The principles can be assents (taṣdîq) and they are uttered by sentences that are statement-making and necessary.
There are sciences like geometry where the principles are more general and anterior. By "principles", I mean the concepts: the triangle is anterior to the equilateral triangle and to other kinds of triangles (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 65, ll. 5–11).
Anteriority can be either in itself or in relation to us because of our assent that objects equal to a third one are equal is anterior to our assent that the sides of the triangle the vertex of which is exchangeable[19] are equal. In these examples, the predicates in the principles are the causes of the predicates in the problems, and they are anterior in both aspects (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 65, l. 16–p. 66, l. 4).
Avempace refers to mechanics and optics as theoretical sciences which are similar to geometry in the anteriority of their problems. They differ from astronomy because the subject of astronomy is sensible; it needs examination and the astronomer has to try to find out the causes. Therefore, the object is posterior. Avempace sees the matter of physics as even more arduous. "This science must employ all the potencies [capacities] developed previously in mathematics and logical and it employs them only insofar they belong to a common genus" (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 69, ll. 5–7). Avempace finally affirms that natural science has various kinds of principles and problems, and that it contains objects that are not sensible at all, like the intellect.
Avempace makes clear that natural science or physics is a theoretical science which requires mastering other sciences. It is not a science like geometry the objects of which are anterior, both in knowledge and in reality. Its objects are posterior in knowledge, but Avempace remarks that some are not related to the senses.
Avempace made some contributions to the development of philosophy of nature, and I shall mention two. The first is his contribution to the theory of mechanics. Book VII of the Aristotelian Physics does not fit into the sequence of Books V, VI and VIII and its chapters deal with subjects not related to each other. One of the subjects mentions that every movable or mobile is moved by a mover different from itself (Phys. VII.1, 241b 24). Avempace considers the tenet that everything is moved by something else, and says:
It is evident that the rest of the whole because of the rest of one of its parts takes place in so far as the movable is other than the mover, and when the influence of the latter ends, it comes to rest. Its influence ends because the mover ceases to act either on its own or because something else exerts resistance on it. Whenever the mover ceases to act on its own, this happens due either to its destruction, or to exhaustion (kalâl) of the power of the mover, or because the cause disappears, or because the motion is complete, since the movable has reached the end toward which it was moving (Ibn Bâjja 1973, p. 99; Lettinck 1994, pp. 532–533).
The movements involved here are so-called "violent" movements, as opposed to "natural" ones, discussed below. Ibn Bâjja sketches a theory of dynamics based on a notion of "power" different from the Aristotelian notion of dynamis: they are mechanical forces which can join another force or counteract it by offering resistance. Shlomoh Pines introduced the term "dynamics"[20] to define his views, which no doubt were influenced by the tradition linked to John Philoponus (d. ca. 566).[21] There is a minimum amount of moving power for each movable. For instance, to move a boat a minimum of power is needed, otherwise "one grain of sand could move the boat" (Ibn Bâjja 1973, 112: 27).
When two opposing powers are equal, there is no motion, and when one power "overcomes" the other, the body moves until it suffers "exhaustion" (kalâl), because any body moved "violently" creates a contrary power stronger than the one imposed by the mover, and also because the imposed force becomes "exhausted". The moving power is also subject to time and distance factors and the mobile can offer almost no resistance, so that the absolute terms of proportionality do not apply.
The second contribution is related to motion in the void. Avempace analyzes "natural" movements such as a stone's falling through air and water. They are the movements of the four elemental bodies: fire, air, water and earth. These movables need a moving power capable not only of moving them, but also of displacing the medium through which they pass. Dust particles stay suspended in the air because, although they possess enough power to go down, their power is insufficient to displace the air.
Aristotle rejected the possibility of motion in the void because the medium was essential to natural movement at finite speed. John Philoponus had already expressed the view that the medium is not a necessary condition, but only provides resistance. The different velocity with which the stone passes through the air or the water is only caused by the different density of the medium; it is not connatural to the medium. As a proof that motion without any medium, namely, through a void, is possible, Avempace adduces the movement of the spheres:
[In the heavens] there are no elements of violent motion, because nothing bends their movement, the place of the sphere remains the same and no new place is taken by it. Therefore circular movement should be instantaneous, but we observe that some spheres move slowly—such as the sphere of fixed stars—and others fast—the daily movement—and that there is neither violence nor resistance among them. The cause for the different velocities is the difference in nobility (sharf) between mover and movable (Ibn Bâjja 1973, p. 116, ll. 13–17).
The role of the medium is not essential, but is only a kind of resistance, and thus motion in the void is both theoretically possible and confirmed by the observation of the spheres. Avempace contradicts Aristotle and advances a doctrine that Galileo will later prove to be right.[22] I dare to say that Avempace was reading the Arabic version of Philoponus' commentary on Aristotle's Physics, andvery likely for want of the latter, so that Philoponus deserves recognition for inspiring the doctrine.
The treatise On the Heavens followed next in the Aristotelian order but no commentary of Avempace has reached us, and the following extant commentary is on Coming-to-be and Passing-away (Ibn Bâjja 1995). Avempace followed Philoponus in a preliminary remark observing that Aristotle proved in his book On the Heavens the existence of four elementary bodies. Since one of the subjects of Coming-to-be and Passing-away is the mutual generation of these bodies, it is the logical continuation. Thus, Avempace's lost commentary On the Heavens likely comes after the one on Physics and before the one on Coming-to-be and Passing-away.
This commentary runs parallel to the Aristotelian text. After explaining changes in quality, Avempace suddenly starts a discourse on force or power (qûwa) and on the moving power (qûwa muḥarrika; Ibn Bâjja 1995, pp. 26–40). Avempace defines movements as the movable moves because of a natural power. Some qualities are moving powers, such as heaviness or heat, but Avempace here focuses on the soul as a moving power (elemental bodies do not have souls; instead, they have natures). The case of the human soul interests him most and he wants to explain how intellectual apprehension moves man in reasoning and action. Avempace will deal, in a more satisfactory way, with the issue of rank of ideas and forms in relation to human activity in other works.
Avempace's reflections on absolute coming-to-be and passing-away start with a linguistic analysis of the term kawn "coming-to-be" which echoes Alfarabi's method and itself is a novelty (Ibn Bâjja 1995, pp. 41–44). Avempace stresses that coming-to-be is only possible if the metaphysical structure of act and potency are admitted (Ibn Bâjja 1995, pp. 46–47).
At the beginning of his treatise of Meteorology, Aristotle summarizes his preceding research: he has established the four causes of nature and dealt with all natural motion in Physics. He has investigated the ordered movement of the stars in the heavens in De caelo, and changes of the four elements into one another, growth, and perishing in De generatione et corruptione. What still has to be investigated is that which takes place "in the region nearest to the motion of the stars such as the Milky Way" (Meteo, 338b 3–4).
Avempace's commentary presents his own theory of the Milky Way. Aristotle explained it as the ignition of the fiery exhalation of some stars which were large, numerous and close together. The ignition takes place in the upper part of the atmosphere, in the region of the world which is continuous with the heavenly motions (Meteo, 346b 11–12). The version transmitted by Ibn al-Biṭrîq diverges and considers the Milky Way to be a phenomenon exclusively of the heavenly spheres, not of the upper part of the atmosphere. The light of those stars makes a visible patch because they are so close.
Avempace considers the Milky Way to be a phenomenon both of the spheres above the moon and of the sublunar region. The Milky Way is the light of many stars which almost touch one another. Their light forms a "continuous image" (khayâl muttaṣil) on the surface of the body which is like a "tent" (takhawwum) under the fierily element and over the air which it covers.[23] Avempace defines the continuous image as the result of refraction (in'ikâs) and supports its explanation with an observation of a conjunction of two planets, Jupiter and Mars which took place in 500 AH/1106–7 CE. He watched the conjunction and "saw them having an elongate figure" (Lettinck 1999, p. 434) although their figure is circular.
Avempace wrote a treatise on animals related to the Aristotelian books Generation of Animals, Parts of the animals and Description of animals, and another one on plants (Asín Palacios 1940) and probably a third one on minerals, all following the Pseudo-Aristotelian corpus.[24]
The Book of Animals was edited by Jawâd al-'Imâratî (Ibn Bâjja 2002a). Avempace begins his book situating it in the context of the theoretical sciences, and then within natural science. The science of the living animals is a species of the natural philosophy (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 71). Avempace wonders whether the relationship of its subject, the animal, is similar to the relationship of arithmetic to numbers. Arithmetic is a discipline where the pattern of genus and species applies smoothly: It establishes ten units, and then it combines them and gives them accidents like being odd or a pair, etc. Since numbers are made one of another "ten is made of the five multiplied by the two" and they are "simple forms" which can be continuously incremented (Ibn Bâjja 2002a Ḥayawân, p. 73) and animals have a completely different existence, Avempace denies the relationship.
Geometrical objects are similar to numbers, but they differ insofar as their species are infinite. Avempace mentions infinite figures "resulting from [intersecting] the straight line with the circle, either cylinder or conic". Primary genera of geometry are the line, the surface and the body, and Avempace denies any parallelism[25] to the swimming, walking and flying characteristics of animals. As for a possible similarity to the numbers, numerical specific differences are anterior and actively dividing, not divisible. On the contrary, according to Avempace, the science of the animals goes another way: "We must take the first contrariety inherent to the animals and by which they are divisible, and whether it belongs to the essential universal opposite accidents by which the primary species come to stand" (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 75, ll. 1–3). Avempace inquiries further about these basic contrarieties to establish the furthermost species and make possible a demonstrative science. "We predicate of the animals contrary specific differences, like having blood or not, and then we can prove. If we talk about man and about bull, we cannot make any specific distinction" (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 76, ll. 7–9).
Aristotle, according to Avempace, classified the science of animals into four sections: 1) properties of the sensible parts of animals, 2) properties of their limbs, 3) properties of their homogeneous sensible parts, and 4) properties of their non-homogeneous sensible parts (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 76).
If we go into the material content of the book, we find some remarkable contributions of Avempace. Remke Kruk points to his description of the copulation of insects and to the male and female role in the procreative process (Kruk 1997, pp. 172–175). However, the theoretic endeavor of Avempace in his Book of animals seems to be more relevant. Avempace wants to draw a theoretic system embracing all reality. Reality is plenty of forms, and their perfection consists of motion and action (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 79). He divides forms into natural and artificial. The specific difference is that natural forms possess power or potency which moves bodies and by which bodies move themselves while artifacts only move accidentally (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 79).
Avempace also takes modal factors into account for his design and introduces necessity as a concept in his discourse. Necessity is predicated on immovable forms in its primary sense, and metaphysics deals with them. The natural scientist deals with forms subject to motion and, for this reason, necessity is predicated "by convention" bi-l-waḍ'. Avempace gives the example "If there is a house, there is a need for a foundation" (Ibn Bâjja 2002a, Ḥayawân, p. 81), and in this way he explains relative necessity as characteristic to the sublunar world.
We have read above that physics has not only sensible objects (supra, p. 13), but also spiritual ones—which allows us to introduce Avempace's book on the Soul. The book was edited (Ibn Bâjja 1960) and translated by Muḥammad Ṣaghîr Ḥasan al-Ma'ṣûmî (Ibn Bâjja 1961) who unfortunately could use only the Oxford manuscript; the Berlin manuscript is longer although its composition is less coherent.
When Avempace starts the book, he proceeds in a similar way to the one on animals, namely with a global framing of the subject. Bodies are either natural or artificial; all they have in common the presence of matter and form; and form is their perfection. Natural bodies have their mover inside the whole body, because the natural body is composed of mover and moved.
Most of the artificial bodies are moved by an external mover, although automats or machines have their motor inside, and Avempace adds "I have explained it in the science of Politics" (which is lost) (Ibn Bâjja 1960, p. 25, l. 4; 1961, p. 15). The mover is identical with the form. He distinguishes two kinds of perfecting forms, namely forms moving by means of an instrument or not (Ibn Bâjja 1960, p. 28; 1961, p. 17). The first kind is nature, the second, the soul.
To define the soul as operating through an instrument, i.e., the body "in an ambiguous sense", as Avempace does (Ibn Bâjja 1960, p. 29, l. 2), implies it is autonomous. Avempace defines the soul also as first entelechy (istikmâl), as opposed to the last entelechy of the geometer, i.e., its being geometer in act. Soul appears as an incorporeal substance, of highest rank. The science of soul is considered by Avempace as superior to physics and mathematics, only inferior to metaphysics. Avempace is not disturbed by Aristotle's hylemorphic view of the soul which he may have known. He affirms that all philosophers agreed that the soul is a substance and portrays Plato as the adequate source:
Since it was clear to Plato that the soul is assigned to substance, and that substance is predicated on the form and matter which is body, and that the soul cannot be said to be a body, he fervently defined the soul in its particular aspect. Since he had established that the forms of spheres are souls, he looked for the commonality of all [souls], and found that sense perception is particular to animals, [but] that movement is particular to all, and therefore he defined the soul as "something which moves itself" (Ibn Bâjja 1960, p. 40, l. 5–p. 41, l. 1; 1961, p. 26).
Aristotle's treatise is relevant for Avempace in its description of the various powers of the soul, i.e., nutritive, sense-perceptive, imaginative, rational faculties, although Avempace may have not had any Arabic translation of Aristotle's De anima.[26] Avempace often digresses into general reflections; for instance, at the beginning of his chapter on the nutritive faculty he talks about possibility and impossibility. But, in other places, there are some references to Aristotle, for instance, when it comes to the imaginative faculty. Avempace writes that "The imaginative faculty is the faculty by which the "reasons" (ma'ânî) of the sensibles are apprehended" (Ibn Bâjja 1960, p. 133, l. 3; 1961, p. 106).
Ma'nà can translate various Greek words, and the Stoic lektón "meaning" is the most relevant. The Arab grammarians used the term ma'nà, plural ma'ânî to point to the content of the word, to its semantic component, in contrast to lafẓ, its phonic part; the pair ma'nà/lafẓ is already found in Sîbawayhi (d. ca. 796). Ma'nà was frequently used by Islamic theologians too, to express the concrete cause or "reason" of a thing. The Latin intentio of medieval philosophy is used to translate ma'nà, and the concept of intentio appears close to that intended by Avempace since ma'nà has two characteristics: it is some form or figure dissociated from matter but having reference to the thing the figure of form of which it is (Blaustein 1986, p. 207).
Imagination apprehends the internal contents of the sensations and animals operate with them. "It is the most noble faculty in irrational animals, and through it animals move, have many arts, and look after their progeny". Avempace gives as examples ants and bees, which are exactly the kind of animals to which Aristotle denies the faculty! (Ibn Bâjja 1960, p. 140; 1961, p. 111).
Avempace begins his chapter on the rational faculty by asking whether this faculty is always actual or sometimes potential and actual. He answers that it is sometimes potential and sometimes actual (Ibn Bâjja 1960, p. 145–146; 1961, pp. 117–118). It is just a note without continuation.
The main activity of the reasoning faculty is to enquire and to learn. Avempace introduces here the discursive faculty (al-qûwa al-mufakkira) which binds subject and predicate. The text is confusing and the Oxford manuscript ends inconclusively. The Berlin-Krakow manuscript, that Joaquín Lomba used for his Spanish translation[27] has a few more pages (176rº–179rº). At the end of the fragment, the unknown editor writes that it is a treatise on intellect and is a continuation of Avempace's discourse on the soul.
The intellect, Avempace affirms, apprehends the essence of something, not something material and individual. The essence of any object is its "reason" (ma'nà ) which corresponds to its form linked to matter in this case. If we go back to a former passage of the same book, we read how the distinction is:
The difference between the reason and form is that form and matter become one thing without existing separately, whereas the reason of the thing perceived is a form separated from matter. So the reason is the form separated from matter (Ibn Bâjja 1960, p. 94, ll. 11–13).
Then the intellect apprehends it in such a way that they both—essence and intellect—are "one in the subject and two in expression". The speculative intellect searches for the essences of material beings, but it is not satisfied with their apprehension. It realizes that they are material intelligibles which need further foundation and Avempace contends that the intellect knows that there are superior intelligibles which found them and strives for them (Ms. Berlin 176 v). The fragment contains these and other notes which are difficult to bring together although they are in harmony with other writings of Avempace. We may refer to his exposition of the "spiritual forms" in the Rule of the Solitary as more relevant.
Finally, we should mention his text in defense of Alfarabi, accused of denying survival after death.[28] There, Avempace argues that since man has knowledge of intelligibles beyond sense-perception and since it occurs by means of introspection, it is a divine gift to man who has no need for the matter of his survival.
Avempace illustrated for us his views on how knowledge is organized and how the world of nature is structured, but we have not yet expounded on his proper ideas on metaphysics, nor on the sciences that aim at beings produced by the human will and choice, namely, ethics and politics.
Avempace's most representative works are the Rule of the Solitary.[29] the epistle of the Farewell Message,[30] and the Epistle of Conjunction of Intellect with Man.[31] The latter work contains references to Rule of the Solitary and to the epistle of the Farewell Message (as well as to his book on the Soul).
Alfarabi's major work is Book of the opinions of the inhabitants of the righteous city.[32] It is an exposition of a Neo-Platonist emanationist system as well of the different kinds of societies. Alfarabi wanted a perfect city, ruled by a righteous man parallel to the rule of the universe by the perfect One. His connecting cosmogenic explanations and political plans were known to Avempace who did not follow him. Avempace does not quote this or other works by Alfarabi which have a similar content. He quotes Plato but follows the opposite way. While Plato in the Republic would take the human soul as the model for the perfect city, so that the perfect organization inside it tells how the city has to be organized, Avempace starts from the ideal city and wants to transfer its organization to the individual (Abbès 2011, p. 86). Avempace echoes Plato and mentions his division of cities, or societies, into a perfect one and others which are corrupted (Ibn Bâjja 1946, pp. 5–6; 2010, p. 123; Berman 1963, p. 125). One assumes that Avempace is referring to the four imperfect cities, namely, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny (Republic, viii–ix) although Asín Palacios interpreted them as the four imperfect cities cited in Alfarabi's works (Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 37, note 6), and Genequand accpts both possibilities (Ibn Bâjja 2010, p. 256).
The virtuous city is the only that can make its inhabitants happy because they achieve their perfection. It is characterized by the absence of the art of medicine and the art of judication. Avempace follows Plato, but his version is also characterized by the absence of weeds (Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 10, ll. 16–18; Berman 1963, p. 126). Avempace explains that in imperfect cities there are false opinions, but that the majority of inhabitants accepts them as right, or that there are contradictory positions and that there is no way to know which one is true.
Now the people who discover a right action or learn a true science that does not exist in the city belong to a class that has no generic name. As for the ones who stumble upon a true opinion that does not exist in the city or the opposite of which is believed in the city, they are called weeds (Rule of the Solitary, Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 10, ll. 8–11; 2010, p. 126. 31; Berman, 1963, p. 127).
E.I.J. Rosenthal already pointed to the different evaluation of the "weeds" by Alfarabi and Avempace (Rosenthal 1951). Avempace borrows the concept from Alfarabi who saw these men as a danger in the imperfect as well as the perfect city. Avempace saw the virtuous city free of weeds, because it is free from false opinions. Weed-men spring up only in the imperfect cities, and they can help in correcting their views. However, he realized that they were strangers in the cities or societies of his time, which all belonged to the corrupted types, and he did not believe that these societies could be rehabilitated; he abandoned Alfarabi at this point and addressed the "weed-men".
Avempace wrote a book of a genre similar to that which physicians write to preserve and acquire health, the so called tadbîr aṣ-ṣiḥḥa. He referred to Galen and what Galen wrote in the Preservation of Health as a model for his Rule of the Solitary. To preserve physical health requires knowledge of the natural science about delivering justice, for example, and knowledge of political science. Avempace concluded that since his treatise aims at acquiring and preserving spiritual health, "it reverts to the natural and political science" (Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 12, ll. 15–16; Berman, 1963, p. 129). What binds natural and political science? Forms, insofar as men have similar and different forms, and forms are related to nature.
"Form" acquires a broad sense to Avempace who distinguishes various kinds of it. Forms are known as the intelligible essences of objects. Avempace accepts this meaning. For him, however, forms have something in common, namely, moving power, and forms are integrated into a participating hierarchy. Avempace's doctrine of the forms is no doubt original, although antecedents are found in the Neo-Platonist tradition. He once quotes a treatise "On the Spiritual Forms" misattributed to Alexander of Aphrodisias (1968, p. 166, ll. 16–17; Asín Palacios 1942, p. 18) which S. Pines (1955) demonstrated to belong to Proclus. Alfarabi's Risâla fî l-'aql (1938) and other of his works contain the principles of the participating hierarchy of intellects and intelligibles (cf. Davidson 1992; Ramón Guerrero 1992).
Thus, man's actions belong to different levels according to the different forms found in man: physical, animal and spiritual. The latter are specific to man; we can know which actions are most appropriate to man only if we know what is his essence, namely, his most excellent form. Therefore, Avempace accompanies his Regimen sanitatis with a following Treatise on the spiritual forms, lengthier than the former. Steven Harvey already insisted that his epistemology allows us to understand his attitude about politics, and that is not something accidental (Harvey 1992, p. 212). Avempace assigns the term "spiritual" to the soul insofar as it is "a moving soul". This may be too broad a definition, but he then specifies the various kinds of "spiritual forms"—all having the capacity to move:
The spiritual forms are of various kinds: the first are the forms of the circular [i.e., heavenly] bodies, the second are the active intellect and the acquired intellect, the third are the material intelligibles (ma'qûlât), the fourth are the "reasons" (ma'ânî) existent in the faculties of the soul, i.e., existent in common sense, in the imaginative faculty and in the memory (Rule of the Solitary, Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 19, ll. 2–5; 1968, p. 49, ll. 16–19; 2010, p. 132. 58).
The heavenly bodies are not only immaterial for Avempace and the long Aristotelian tradition, but they are also the most spiritual and are followed in rank by the class of the active intellect and the acquired. The active intellect is immaterial, but the acquired intellect has some connection to matter "because it perfects (mutammim) the material intelligibles" (Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 19, l. 10). The latter are "not spiritual per se because their existence takes place in prime matter" (Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 19, ll. 7–8), and we assume that they are the internal counterpart of the substantial forms. We see that spiritual forms differ from similar forms which are joined to matter and determine the substances.
Avempace does not give us any instance of "material intelligibles", but we may well think of the idea of a tree or a horse in our mind. In his later treatise on the Conjunction of Intellect with Man, Avempace differentiates between intelligibles of real existing beings such as the horse, and intelligibles of inexistent beings, such as an one-legged man, and he further differentiates between intelligibles of real existing beings which one has seen, and intelligibles of existing being which one has not seen. For Avempace, the latter are intelligibles in a derivate sense or by analogy (Asín Palacios 1942, p. 15; Ibn Bâjja 1968, p. 163). "Material intelligibles" should contain both categories.
The objects of common sense, imagination, and of memory are not intelligibles; they are "reasons". The term is ambiguous, but it is clear that a "reason" is the cognitive product of any of these three faculties; it is also clear that "reason" is some spiritual form.
According to Avempace, spiritual forms divide into universal and particular forms: universal forms are found in the active intellect and the individual intellect apprehends them too. Particular forms are found in common sense, and Avempace gives the instance of a certain mount in Arabia. The "spiritual" content of the forms in the common sense is lower than in the forms of the imagination, and that of the latter ones is lower than in the forms of the memory insofar as their content is more and more "corporeal". The forms of the rational faculty—we may say, the material intelligibles—are not corporeal (Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 21, ll. 2–3; 1968, p. 48). Avempace seems to be aware of the difficulties of his explanation, and later on the same treatise he summarizes the views:
We say: The form of any generated corruptible being has three grades of existence, the first is that of the universal spiritual form which is the intelligible form and is the species, the second is that of the particular spiritual form, and the third that of bodily form.
The particular spiritual form has again three grades, the first is that of the "reason" existing in the memory, the second is that of the picture (rasm) existing in the imaginative faculty, and the third is the image (ṣanam) or the common sense (Rule of the Solitary, Ibn Bâjja 1946, pp. 31:13–32:1; 1968, p. 58, ll. 10–15; 2010, pp. 141–142.90).
Particular spiritual forms may be true or false; if they have come to us through the common sense, they are mostly true. Spiritual forms play a role in every aspect of human life, even in the prophetic revelation. The inspiration received by the prophets belongs to the category of particular spiritual forms, which do not pass through the common sense, but are received directly from the active intellect. Avempace wrongly refers to Aristotle in support of his view and ends by saying "These instances go beyond the natural world, they are divine gifts" (Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 24, l. 7; 1968, p. 53).
As for the Sufis, their experiences belong to the level of the particular spiritual forms, where common sense, imagination and memory are active, but they mistake them for universal spiritual forms, and wrongly believe that the coincidence of the three faculties is the source of supreme happiness (Ibn Bâjja 1946, pp. 26–27; 1968, p. 55).
Man has to organize his various faculties—from the rational to the nutritive—and there are categories of men according to the prevalence of each of the three faculties. In some of them, corporeality prevails; in a select few, spirituality does. Ibn Bâjja counts some ascetics and Sufis among the latter—but for most, the situation is mixed. Man is moved by spiritual forms that may be as basic as clothing, housing or food. Clothing, for instance, acts on two levels, the protective and the ornamental. Virtues are attached to the spiritual forms found in the imaginative faculty because the purpose of virtuous actions is generating positive feelings and admiration in the souls of those who see them. The spirituality of most men is, however, limited to particular forms. Only philosophers attain the highest degree of spirituality, the immaterial and universal intelligibles. Although philosophers have to take due care of the corporeal and particular spiritual forms in order to live, and live honorably, their main concern is the universal separated forms:
Spiritual acts render him nobler, and the intellectual acts render him divine and virtuous. The man of wisdom is therefore necessarily a man who is virtuous and divine. Of every kind of activity, he takes up the best only. He shares with every class of men the best states that characterize them. But he stands alone as the one who performs the most excellent and the noblest of actions. When he achieves the highest end—that is, when he apprehends simple substantial intelligences ('uqûl) that are mentioned in the [Aristotelian] Metaphysics, the book On the Soul, and On Sense and the Sensible—he then becomes one of these intelligences. It would be right to call him simply divine, and he will be free from the mortal sensible qualities, as well from the [particular] spiritual qualities (Rule of the Solitary, Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 61, ll. 11–18; 1968, p. 77; 2010, pp. 163–164, 164–165; Berman 1963, pp. 131–132).
In his later treatise Conjunction of Intellect with Man, Avempace reformulated his theory. He described how man first acquires the spiritual forms, then he apprehends the intelligibles, and by means of the latter he approaches the final intelligence (al-'aql al-âkhir). He calls it the natural way: each man has a material intellect which receives them and the intelligibles are relative to each material intellect (Asín Palacios 1942, Ittiṣâl, p. 17; 1968, p. 164). He distinguished two stages, the first is that of the common people and the intelligibles are linked to the material objects; the second is that of the scientists and the intelligibles are linked to the spiritual forms.
Avempace is not satisfied with an indirect approach to the last intelligence and wants to reach the absolute intelligibles, with no relation to the material intellects and free of any spiritual form (particular or universal). We see that absolute intelligibles are the true existence and that they merge into the one last intelligence.
Avempace never says that God is the last intelligence, which he compares with the sun and its light. The felicitous person who succeeds in reaching the highest step of knowledge becomes light himself (Asín Palacios 1942, Ittiṣâl, p. 19; Ibn Bâjja 1968, p. 168). But, it leaves any detailed scientific knowledge behind and becomes unarticulated mystical experience.
By contrast, practical intelligibles play a minor role in spite of the import they have in ethics and politics. Avempace includes among them the ruling of the city or of the armies and considers them "intermediate forms". They exist in the solitary only for the sake of one of the three spiritual forms, corporeal, particular spiritual and universal spiritual (1968, p. 91; 2010, p. 179.210).
As we said above, Avempace presented his Rule of the Solitary (Tadbîr al-mutawaḥḥid) as a Regimen sanitatis in order to acquire and preserve spiritual health, which obviously equals to happiness (Ibn Bâjja 1946, p. 11; 1968, p. 43; Berman 1963, p. 128). The companion he gave to Ibn al-Imâm for his travel, the Epistle of Farewell, was intended to help him attain this happiness. Avempace enumerates the different degrees of pleasure, the highest being science. Man suffers from ignorance and when he reaches the truth, pain goes away and pleasure seizes him. However, intellectual pleasure is also caused by the very fact of knowing.
But when we strive for knowledge, we do it not because of pleasure but pleasure is some profit (ribḥ) we gain as it follows the existence of the truth, because every pleasure is like the shadow of something else (Asín Palacios 1942, p. 23, ll. 5–7; Ibn Bâjja 1968, p. 123, ll. 2–4; 2010, p. 98.29).
Avempace enquires further on the issue of pleasure and knowledge, and we can abbreviate it by saying that the highest form of pleasure requires continuity and that continuous pleasure is attained only by intellectual knowledge, and by knowledge of an eternal object. Metaphysical knowledge is man's uppermost stage and source of highest pleasure. Averroes (d. 1198), however, would express doubts whether man's uppermost stage is a natural perfection or divine gift for Avempace, an issue which Alexander Altmann researched (1965). Altmann concluded that Avempace defended the uppermost stage as a mystical experience, similar to that preached by the Sufis, and we can agree that Avempace saw the uppermost stage as a divine gift.
Avempace concluded his enquiry moving out of the rational and leaving many loose ends. He was a busy man. When he finished his treatise On the Conjunction of Man with Intellect he apologized for not having been able to produce a demonstrative argument, burhân, on the issue and uttered his hope that the addressee of the epistle would be able to grasp its sense and meaning (Asín Palacios 1942, pp. 22–23; Ibn Bâjja 1968, 172–173). Still, the outlines of his system are visible. Inspired by the Porphyrian division of the five voices, knowledge starts with the opposition universal/individual, and develops into syllogistic and non-syllogistic sciences which can explain all aspects of reality. Reality consists of matter and forms, but form differentiates into a stairway of forms, according to their distance from matter. Forms are essences as well as active potencies, and any form is a mover. In addition, the ascension of spiritual forms inside man runs parallel to the ascension of forms in nature. They both unite in separate substances, pure intelligibles, and true beings, and at the summit, man merges into the Active Intellect. Avempace's intention appears clear, but if the conjunction is possible and how it occurs remains obscure.
For more information about the sources for Ibn Bâjja's bibliography, see the supplement on "Sources for Ibn Bâjja's Bibliography."
For more information on Aristotle's on the Soul in the Arabic tradition see the supplement on "Aristotle's On the Soul in the Arabic tradition. "
Sources, editions and translations: Books
Ibn Bâjja, 1946, Tadbîr al-mutawaḥḥid. Edition and Spanish transl. M. Asín Palacios, El régimen del solitario, Madrid-Granada: CSIC. Reprinted in Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic and Islamic Science. Islamic Philosophy 77, Frankfurt am Main, 1999.
–––, 1960, Kitâb an-nafs, ed. Muḥammad Ṣaghîr Ḥasan al-Ma'ṣûmî, Damascus: al-Majma' al-'ilmî al-'arabî, 1379 AH/1960 CE. First published in the journal of the Academy: Majallat Majma'al-Lugha al-'Arabîya, vols. 33 (1958) 96–111; 278–301; 424–442; 609–632. 34 (1959) 112–126; 332–344; 490–506; 634–645; 35 (1960) 114–122.
–––, 1961, 'Ilm al-nafs, English translation and notes, M.Ṣ.Ḥ. al-Ma'ṣûmî, Karachi: Pakistan Historical Society, 1961. Reprinted together with "1960" by F. Sezgin in Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic and Islamic Science. Islamic Philosophy 75, Franfkurt am Main, 1999.
–––, 1963, Tadbîr al-mutawaḥḥid Partial English translation by Lawrence Berman, The Governance of the Solitary in R. Lerner and M. Mahdi, Medieval Political Philosophy, A Source Book (Toronto: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963), pp. 122–133.
–––, 1968, Rasâ'il Ibn Bâjja al-ilâhîya, ed. Mâjid Fakhry, Beirut: Dâr an-nahâr li-n-nashr.
–––, 1973, Sharḥ as-samâ' aṭ-ṭabî'î li-Arisṭûṭâlîs, ed. Mâjid Fakhry, Beirut: Dâr an-nahâr.
–––, 1978a, Shurûḥ' 'alà as-Samâ' aṭ-ṭabî'î, ed. Ma'an Ziyâdeh, Beirut: Dâr al-Kindî – Dâr al-Fikr.
–––, 1978b, Kitâb tadbîr al-mutawaḥḥid, ed. Ma'an Ziyâda, Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr al-Islâmi – Dâr al-Fikr.
–––, 1983, Rasâ'il falsafîya li-Abî Bakr Ibn Bâjja, ed. J. al-'Alawî, Beirut-Casablanca: Dâr ath-Thaqâfa – Dâr an-Nashr al-Maghribîya.
–––, 1987, Ta'âlîq Ibn Bâjja 'alà l-burhân, en Al-Manṭiq 'ind al-Fârâbî, ed. Mâjid Fakhry, Beirut: Dâr al-Mashreq.
–––, 1989, Al-Manṭiqîyât li-l-Fârâbî, ed. Muḥammad Taqî Dânishpazhûh. Vol. 3 (Qum, 1410 AH/1989–90 CE), Fuṣûl, pp. 3–15; Îsâghûjî, pp. 16–39; Gharaḍ Îsâghûjî, pp. 40–51; Maqûlât, 52–127 and 128–149. 'Ibâra, pp.158–252. Qiyâs, pp. 255–266. Qum: Manshûrât Maktabat Ayatollâh al-'Uthmà al-Mar'ashî.
–––, 1994, Ta'âlîq Ibn Bâjjâ 'alà manṭiq al-Fârâbî, ed. Mâjid Fakhry, Îsâgûjî, pp. 26–51. Gharaḍ Abî Naṣr fî Îsâghûjî, 52–62. Al-fuṣûl al-khamsa, pp. 63–76. Maqûlât, 77–135. 'Ibâra, 140–172. Mulḥaq, 1: pp. 173–174, 2: p. 175. Al-qiyâs wa-t-taḥlîl, 180–226. Beirut: Dâr al-Mashreq.
–––, 1995, Avempace. Libro de la generación y la corrupción, edition and Spanish transl. J. Puig Montada, Madrid: CSIC.
–––, 1997, Tadbîr al-mutawaḥḥid New Spanish Translation by Joaquín Lomba, Madrid: Trotta.
–––, 1999, Kitâb nafs d'Ibn Bâjja, édition critique de J. Rachak, sous la direction de M. Alozade, Cahiers du GRPI, n° 2, Fez: Centre d' études Ibn Rushd.
–––, 2002a, Kitâb al-ḥayawân, ed. J. al-'Imâratî, Beirut-Casablanca: Al-markaz ath-thaqâfî al-'arabî.
–––, 2002b, Tadbîr al-mutawaḥḥid. Bilingual edition, Arabic and Italian, by Massimo Campanini, Il regime del solitario, Rome, 2002.
–––, 2006, Risâlat al-wiḍâ'. Carta del adiós y otros tratados filosóficos. Spanish translation by Joaquín Lomba. Madrid: Trotta.
–––, 2007, Kitâb al-nafs. Libro sobre el alma. Spanish translation by Joaquín Lomba. Madrid: Trotta.
–––, 2010, Ibn Bāğğa (Avempace): La conduite de l'isolé et deux autres épîtres (Epître de l'adieu; Conjonction de l'intellect). Introduction, édition critique du texte arabe, traduction et commentaire par Charles Genequand. Paris : Vrin.
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Abbès, Makram, 2011,"Le statut de la raison pratique chez Avempace", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 21.1: 85–110.
'Alawî, Jamâl ad-Dîn al-, 1983, Mu'allafât Ibn Bâjja, Beirut-Casablanca: Dâr ath-Thaqâfa & Dâr an-Nashr al-Maghribîya.
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Altmann, Alexander, 1965, "Ibn Bâjja on Man's Ultimate Felicity", in Harry Austryn Wolfson Jubilee Volume. English Section, (Jerusalem: American Academy for Jewish Research), 1: 65–70.
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Bos, Gerrit, 1994, Aristotle's De anima translated into Hebrew by Zerahyah ben Isaac ben Shealtiel Hen; a critical edition with an introduction and index by G. Bos. Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill.
Codera, Francisco, 1899, Decadencia y desaparición de los Almorávides en España, 1899. Reprint Pamplona: Urgoiti editores, 2004.
Cortés García, Manuela, 1996, "Sobre la música y sus efectos terapéuticos en la Epístola sobre las melodías de Ibn Bâŷŷa". Revista de Musicología, 19 (1): 11–23.
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Davidson, H.A., 1992, Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes on Intellect. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Djebbar, Ahmed, 1992, "Las matemáticas en al-Andalus a través de las actividades de tres sabios del siglo XI", in J. Vernet (ed.), El legado científico andalusí, (Madrid, 1992), pp. 23–35.
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–––, 1956, "Al-Fârâbî's Eisagoge", The Islamic Quarterly, 3: 117–138.
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–––, 1957b, "Al-Fârâbî's Introductory Risâlah on Logic", The Islamic Quarterly, 3: 224–235.
Elamrani-Jamal, Abdelali, 2003, «De Anima. Tradition arabe», in R. Goulet (ed.), Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques, Supplément (Paris: CNRS) 346–358.
Fârâbî Abû Naṣr al- (ca. 950), 1938, Risâlat fi'l-'Aql, ed. Maurice Bouyges, Beirut: Impr. Catholique.
–––, 1952, Iḥṣâ' al-'ulûm, bilingual edition by A. González Palencia, Clasificación de las ciencias, Madrid-Granada.
Forcada, Miquel, 2011, "Ibn Bâjja on Medicine and Medical Experience", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 21.1: 111–148.
Frank, Richard, 1958–59, "Some Fragments of Isḥ'âq's Translation of De anima", Cahiers de Byrsa 8: 231–251.
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Averroes Database, at the Thomas-Institut, Cologne
Islamic Philosophy Online
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Robert Scott Alexander, Baron Alexander of Weedon (* 5. September 1936 in Newcastle-under-Lyme; † 6. November 2005) war ein britischer Barrister, Banker und Life Peer.
Leben und Karriere
Frühe Jahre
Alexanders Vater war Besitzer einer kleinen Tankstelle, seine Mutter besorgte dort die Buchhaltung. Beide Elternteile hatten die Schule frühzeitig verlassen. Alexander besuchte, nachdem die Familie nach Hove umgezogen war, das Brighton College und ging anschließend nach Cambridge ans King's College, wo er sich für Englische Literatur einschrieb. Nach zwei Jahren brach er dieses Studium jedoch ab und belegte stattdessen das Fach Jura, womit er einem Vorschlag seines Vaters folgte. Zunächst strebte er den Beruf eines Solicitors an, sein Tutor Kenneth Polack überzeugte ihn jedoch, eine Karriere als Barrister einzuschlagen.
Alexander erhielt ein Stipendium des Middle Temple, außerdem arbeitete er bei der Tageszeitung The Times als Korrektor für Gerichtsreportagen um sich das Studium finanzieren zu können. Seine Zulassung zum Barrister erhielt er 1961.
Karriere als Barrister
Alexander arbeitete zunächst im Gerichtsbezirk Western Circuit, wo Eustace Roskill auf ihn aufmerksam wurde, der ihn 1966 zurück nach London holte. Dort wirkte er in den Brick Court Chambers, die sich in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren zu einer der angesehenstern Anwaltskammern des Vereinigten Königreichs entwickelte. Zu Alexanders Kollegen zählten Nicholas Phillips, Nicholas Lyell und Jonathan Sumption. 1973 erfolgte seine Ernennung zum Queen's Counsel, 1979 wurde er Bencher, also Mitglied des Vorstandes des Middle Temple.
Alexander zeigte sich vor Gericht stets sehr gut vorbereitet. Zudem trug seine Größe von annähernd zwei Metern dazu bei, ihn vor Gericht zu einer imposanten Erscheinung werden zu lassen. Von der Presse erhielt er aufgrund der Stringenz seiner Argumentationen den Spitznamen The Welded Rail, zu deutsch Die geschweißte Schiene. Sein Zeitgenosse Lord Denning nannte ihn den besten Barrister seiner Generation.
Von 1985 bis 1986 war er Vorsitzender des Bar Council, der Gewerkschaft der Barrister in Großbritannien. Dort bemühte er sich in besonderem Maße um die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. So engagierte er erstmals eine PR-Firma für das Bar Council und richtete ein Pressebüro ein. Von 1987 bis 1989 leitete er das Panel on Takeovers and Mergers, eine regulierende Behörde, die die faire Behandlung aller Beteiligten bei Firmenübernahmen und -zusammenschlüssen überwacht. Seine Arbeit dort wird allgemein als sehr erfolgreich angesehen; er nahm der Institution den Ruf der Ineffektivität und brachte neue Ruhe in den britischen Übernahmemarkt.
Bedeutende Gerichtsfälle
Alexander trat in seiner Funktion als Barrister in zahlreichen Gerichtsprozessen auf, die ein breites Medienecho fanden.
1978 vertrat er Kerry Packer bei dessen Klage gegen das International Cricket Council und das Test and County Cricket Board (TCCB). Der Weltverband wollte Cricketspieler, die in Packers neugegründeter World Series Cricket in Australien antraten, für alle Testspiele sperren. Das Gericht sah darin eine unzulässige Einschränkung der Spielerwechsel.
1984 vertrat er die Regierung unter Margaret Thatcher gegen die Gewerkschaften des öffentlichen Dienstes. Diese wollten gegen das Verbot von Gewerkschaften im Nachrichtenzentrum des GCHQ in Cheltenham angehen, scheiterten jedoch unter anderem an Alexanders Verteidigung.
1985 vertrat er den Cricketspieler Ian Botham gegen das TCCB. Botham klagte gegen seine zweimonatige Sperre, die er erhielt, nachdem er in einer Zeitung zugegeben hatte, Crack geraucht zu haben. Die Sperre wurde aufrechterhalten.
1987 vertrat er Jeffrey Archer bei dessen Verleumdungsklage gegen die Boulevardzeitung Daily Star, welche diesem ein Verhältnis mit einer Prostituierten unterstellte. Alexander erzielte für Archer eine Entschädigungssumme von 500.000 Pfund. Später stellte sich allerdings heraus, dass Archer während des gesamten Prozesses gelogen hatte.
Ebenfalls 1987 vertrat er die britische Regierung, als sie die britischen Medien daran hindern wollte, Einzelheiten aus der Autobiografie des ehemaligen MI5-Officers Peter Wright zu veröffentlichen. Da zu dem Zeitpunkt jedoch weltweit schon über eine Million Kopien des Buches verkauft worden waren, argumentierte der Richter, dass ein eventueller Schaden für die nationale Sicherheit ohnehin nicht mehr abzuwenden sei.
Weitere Ämter
1988 wurde Alexander zum Life Peer ernannt. Er trug seitdem offiziell den Titel Baron Alexander of Weedon, of Newcastle-under-Lyme in the County of Stafford und nahm für die Conservative Party einen Sitz im House of Lords ein. Dort trat er insbesondere durch seine vehemente Opposition zum Irakkrieg hervor, den er als nicht gerechtfertigt ansah. 1989 wurde er als Nachfolger von Tom Boardman, Baron Boardman Vorsitzender der National Westminster Bank. Diesen Posten behielt er bis 1999. Obgleich er die Bank durch einige finanzielle Schwierigkeiten leitete, wird seine Zeit dort allgemein eher als weniger erfolgreich bewertet. Insbesondere sein arroganter Führungsstil wurde ihm zum Vorwurf gemacht.
Von 1987 bis zum Sommer 1993 diente er der National Gallery als Treuhänder; weiterhin war er von 1990 bis zum Sommer 2005 einer von vier Treuhändern der Wochenzeitschrift The Economist und von 2000 bis 2001 Präsident des Marylebone Cricket Club, anschließend bis 2004 Vorsitzender.
1999 wurde er Kanzler der University of Exeter, im Jahr darauf übernahm er zudem den Vorsitz der Royal Shakespeare Company.
Alexander war insgesamt dreimal verheiratet und hatte vier Kinder.
Weblinks
Einzelnachweise
Life Peer
Mitglied des House of Lords
Conservative-Party-Mitglied
Brite
Geboren 1936
Gestorben 2005
Mann | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 9,829 |
20″ iMac in great condition. Screen is like new. Comes with OS X Lion, Windows 7 (via VMware), iLife 11, Office 11, iWork, and a lot more great software. This mac has never had any problems. Feel free to email me if you have questions. Full refund if item does not meet my description. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,830 |
Nestled in the woods near beautiful Sebago Lake, Me., we offer the opportunity to enjoy the peace and quiet of Maine camping , or participate in the many family activities provided. The Sebago Lake Region provides a variety of recreational opportunities and is 30 minutes from Portland. In addition, we are within an hours drive to all the most popular attractions in southeast Maine.
Check out our video tour below for a great overview of our Maine campground.
6 tenths of a mile to the Standish boat launch, local restaurants, theatre, fishing and boating on Sebago Lake, day trips to Portland, Cabella's in Scarborough, Freeport, LL Bean and theme parks. Plus a fun assortment of activities on site!
Wireless Internet Access Is Now Available Throughout the Park!
Plus a fun assortment of activities on site!
© Copyright 2019 www.familynfriends.com. All rights reserved. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,831 |
Treasuries opened higher after overnight buying. Treasuries rally on fast money short-covering after weak early data: those who positioned cautiously and bond-bearish into retail sales must now cover shorts, some traders also reported profit-taking. However, Treasuries rally more on a second buying leg, after brief mild profit-taking followed post-PPI, retail sales data and first wave of program buyers.
Stocks Set for Weekly Gain With Oil as Krone, Loonie Strengthen (Bloomberg) Global stocks headed for the biggest weekly gain in a month as increases in oil prices bolstered investor confidence. Norway's krone led the currencies of crude-exporting nations higher. The MSCI All Country World Index held near a one-year high on Friday, while U.S. equity index futures were little changed after American benchmarks rallied to records on Thursday.
Italian Economy Unexpectedly Stagnates in Threat to Renzi (Bloomberg) Italy's economy unexpectedly stalled in the second quarter, which will further weigh on Prime Minister Matteo Renzi as he prepares for a referendum on which he has staked his political future. Gross domestic product was unchanged in the three months through June, Rome-based statistics agency Istat said in a preliminary report on Friday. That compares with the 0.2 percent median estimate in a Bloomberg survey of 25 analysts. The economy grew 0.7 percent from a year earlier.
German Economy Slows Less Than Forecast as Italian Growth Stalls (Bloomberg) German growth slowed less than predicted in the second quarter while Italian output unexpectedly stagnated, signaling diverging fortunes for two of the region's biggest economies as they brace for any fallout from Britain's decision to leave the European Union. Germany's gross domestic product rose a seasonally-adjusted 0.4 percent in the three months through June, following an increase of 0.7 percent, the Federal Statistics Office in Wiesbaden said on Friday. That's twice the rate economists forecast in a Bloomberg survey. Italy's economy unexpectedly stalled after expanding 0.3 percent in the previous quarter. Analysts predicted growth of 0.2 percent.
Dollar steadies, eyes on U.S. retail sales (Reuters) The dollar held steady at the end of a week dominated by flows into higher-risk currency plays like the Australian and Canadian dollars on Friday, helped by a call for a rise in U.S. interest rates by San Francisco Federal Reserve chief John Williams. The major currencies that carry marginally higher interest rates and are most closely aligned with commodity markets have all performed strongly this week as investors sought higher-yielding investments.
JPMorgan to Liquidate Japan Fund After 'Significant' Redemptions (Bloomberg) JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s investment unit said it will liquidate a Japan-focused fund after a surge of investor withdrawals following poor performance. JPMorgan Funds – Japan Market Neutral Fund, launched in June 2011, will liquidate after assets dipped to about $17 million as of Aug. 4 following "significant redemptions" in recent months, the firm said in a letter to investors, a copy of which was obtained by Bloomberg News. The fund has lost a cumulative 16 percent since inception, according to the firm's website. Keiko Kobayashi, a JPMorgan spokeswoman in Tokyo, confirmed the liquidation.
Canadian mobile phone bills still rank among most expensive in G7: CRTC report (FinancialPost) Canadians continue to pay more for wireless service than the majority of their peers living in G7 countries and Australia, says a report released by Canada's telecom watchdog on Thursday. Canada won gold for the most expensive low-end wireless telephone service and landed silver for premium mobile phone services that include more minutes and data, according to the ninth-annual international telecom price comparison study commissioned by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.
Wall Street Can't Agree on When to Halt the U.S. Stock Market (Bloomberg) The trading industry can't find consensus on when to apply the U.S. stock market's brakes during times of turmoil. On Thursday, the nation's three major exchange operators upgraded their rules to help prevent a repeat of the chaos seen on Aug. 24, 2015, when many securities suddenly sank. But a major sticking point remains, according to an official who spoke at an event hours after NYSE Group, Nasdaq Inc. and Bats Global Markets Inc. announced their changes.
Overview: US 10yr note futures are up 0.5206% at 132-24, S&P 500 futures are down -0.07% at 2180.25, Crude oil futures are down -0.28% at $43.37, Gold futures are up 0.76% at $1360.2, DXY is down -0.53% at 95.352.
8:30 AM: Retail Sales Advance, m/m, July, 0.0%, est. 0.4% (prior 0.6%)
Retail Sales Ex Auto, m/m, July, -0.3%, est. 0.1% (prior 0.7%)
Retail Sales Ex Auto and Gas, m/m, July, -0.1%, est. 0.3% (prior 0.7%)
PPI Final Demand, m/m, July, -0.4%, est. 0.1% (prior 0.5%)
PPI Ex Food and Energy, m/m, July, -0.3%, est. 0.2% (prior 0.4%)
PPI Final Demand, y/y, July, -0.2%, est. 0.2% (prior 0.3%)
PPI Ex Food and Energy, y/y, July, 0.7%, est. 1.2% (prior 1.3%)
10:00 AM: University of Michigan, August, est. 91.5 (prior 90.0)
There is no major economic news for today | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,832 |
Greetings! Last month, I made a "Night Ride" playlist on Spotify, for listening to on my bike after dark. On a brisk Saturday evening, I put it to use after hanging out at Kelly's house (photos on IG) to record this episode. I almost skipped listening to it because I was still so elated about how our conversation went. It started off good, with some family history, his cannabis history, and a few snippets of east coast cannabis culture. But I had a burning question about the title of this podcast, and what it means for a heterosexual (like me) to use the phrase 'coming out of the closet.' I didn't know whether to ask for queer permission, or atone to a gay person (like Kelly) in person, or what. So when Kelly told me he was open to discussing my title, I was overjoyed. And oh boy, what a turn our conversation took! Hear my mind get blown by the transformation of my gratitude practice! I've never been so excited to get a conversation out to you all. It was so heavy for me, that I put it at the beginning of this episode, right after my introduction.
In between Kelly's two coming-out stories – from 1990 (as gay, at 9:00) and 2018 (as a cannabis consumer, at 13:16) – I share a quick parenting event I had when my son realized his best friend's two moms were … y'know … a couple … in love with one another (11:17).
Kelly espouses some of the lessons learned and benefits of coming out (19:10), like being a resource for others (30:42). It became quite moving when Kelly began talking about the reason I came into his life at 20:53.
We talk about how the two of us met at 34:09. While telling me about where he came from (Maryland > New York > Massachussets) he gives accounts, at 44:00, of being in Massachussetts for both medical cannabis implementation and adult-use legalization.
At 51:41, we begin Kelly's personal cannabis [hi]story, including some harrowing circumstances (59:30) he had to endure in the underground market before regulation, which leads to a quick talk about the racial dimensions of cannabis legalization (1:03:00) and what we can all, easily, do to help establish equitable opportunity for marginalized communities.
Also, a quick shout-out to qwoc-owned Oso Verde farms, and Nat'l Expungment Week, carrying though the social justice promise of cannabis legalization.
In a candid moment (1:11:09), Kelly shares a fear he's had of growing old and not being able to access cannabis. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,833 |
In my limited experiments with growing garlic for consumption as greens, plastic store fruit containers work best. The garlic grows better than in the soil or in raised beds. The method is very easy, simple and inexpensive. It also teaches your children a valuable lesson in recycling and sustainability.
1. Plastic store fruit container. I use grape containers from Costco, $7.99, grapes included. They have a cover and drainage holes. Most other store fruit containers should be fine as long as they are deep enough.
2. Garden soil. Compost and vermiculite are optional.
3. Organic fertilizer such as ground fish.
4. Garlic bulbs. They are available in bulk from Costco, $4.95 per bag.
1. Wash the plastic fruit container.
2. Fill it with garden soil using a trowel. Mix the fertilizer. The mix is better if you can add vermiculite and compost but this is not essential. Water the container.
3. Poke holes with a stick and plant 16 garlic cloves per container.
4. Water daily or every other day depending on the weather.
5. The green garlic is ready for harvest in 15 days. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,834 |
when you right click, your character stops moving and you can aim the gun. sarà un bug?In ogni caso a me non dava errori, ne in lite, ne in banana ne in Pro comprato. Donec aliquet tincidunt blandit Duis justo odio, consectetur eget facilisis vitae Can you tell what it is yet? But since there seems to be a fair amount of enthusiasm for the idea, we'll roll with it anyway.
Melde dich bei YouTube an, damit dein Feedback gezählt wird. Now I don't know what to think. Wird verarbeitet... Posted on April 19, 2015 at 15:22 This is a slightly more official announcement for the 64D community unity game.
Bedankt. now, here is a link to the prototype itself, try to picture some of the things I wrote down in the notes being added to it, while flying around at the It is like I have someone inside my head controlling my feelings and subconsious thoughts. Schiva questo - http:\\baronvscorsar.altervista.orgby Lego: Vado in un bar e faccio "votiamo che quel tizio la in fondo venga buttato fuori", ma perché?
Re: Game Maker is being difficult! « Reply #3 on: June 21, 2014, 08:45:58 AM » that isn't what he is talking Everyone, no matter your experience can take part, as long as you have some idea of how C# works, and have some idea that you can contribute. it would consist of multiple rooms, which could possibly be procedurally generated from templates if time allows. Autoplay Wenn Autoplay aktiviert ist, wird die Wiedergabe automatisch mit einem der aktuellen Videovorschläge fortgesetzt.
Schließen Ja, ich möchte sie behalten Rückgängig machen Schließen Dieses Video ist nicht verfügbar. Im a lorry driver not a programmer , oh well ill driver through this Reply With Quote 11-24-2012,04:20 PM #5 TrevelyanBlues View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message View Blog Entries Donec aliquet tincidunt blandit Duis justo odio, consectetur eget facilisis vitae Plane game prototype Posted on April 12, 2015 at 16:11 So I think everyone should try to prototype a game Over the rest of the month I kept getting worse and worse for no real reason two weeks felt like a year.
Press "windows key" + R to open "Run" window (click to show/hide) (or open Run window normally.)3. now I'll do them here instead I intend to post updates in the comments and only update the activity feed with big updates. 20th sep This creepy dude: (Show) Rigged (Show) GM 8.1 Ошибка "Error Creating Stand-Alone: Cannot find valid runner data" « Ответ #2 : Ноябрь 19, 2011, 12:10:25 » Ошибку не встречал, возможно раньше было, хотя честно не помню на SMF 2.0.11 | SMF © 2015, Simple Machines Reseller by Daniiel.
Increasing acuracy of crosshair. Notes Copyright © 2000 - 2016 MantisBT Team View Full Version: Error:creating Stand Alone Cannot Find Runner Data Zelda Fan Game Central > Programming and Coding Help > Error:creating Stand Alone The same thing happened. Naar boven Gelogd Bjarno Wedstrijdleider Offline Berichten: 5077 Vragen over GM niet via PM. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,835 |
Emmy-award winning production company World of Wonder and Voss Events present The Official RuPaul's Drag Race: Season 11 Tour, to kick off a sickening run of shows on Sunday, May 26th in Los Angeles.
All 15 season 11 Queens including A'keria Chanel Davenport, Ariel Versace, Brooke Lynn Hytes, Honey Davenport, Kahanna Montrese, Mercedes Iman Diamond, Nina West, Plastique Tiara, Ra'Jah O'Hara, Scarlet Envy, Shuga Cain, Silky Nutmeg Ganache, Soju, Vanessa "Vanjie" Mateo, and Yvie Oddly will slay the runway as the tour commences during the official RuPaul's DragCon LA after party, and continues to 16 cities across the US and Canada.
Season 10 Queen Asia O'Hara will serve as host for the tour, with legendary RuPaul's Drag Race judge Michelle Visage helming the Los Angeles and New York tour stops.
RuPaul's DragCon LA takes place May 24-26 at the Los Angeles Convention Center. Tickets are on sale HERE, and after party tickets are on sale HERE. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,836 |
December 20, 2015 — 8:00A.M.
The 'Ohana 5K Run/Walk & Holiday Toy Drive is coming to the beautiful shores of Mission Bay, San Diego! Come join us in bringing the aloha spirit to benefit the amazing charities of the Salvation Army- Ray & Joan Kroc Center and the Ronald McDonald House! Bring the `ohana (family) and enjoy the 5K course and the 1K Kid's Fun Run. Help the charities by bringing an unwrapped toy to donate to our toy drive! With amazing hula and Tahitian style performers taking the stage throughout the event, it'll be a memorable holiday event filled with aloha! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,837 |
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Home > Big Story > PM seeks debate on political parties internal democracy
PM seeks debate on political parties' internal democracy
Agencies28 Oct 2017 6:26 PM GMT
New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday stressed the "need to have transparency in the recruitment process of political parties". Interacting with newsmen at the annual "Diwali Milan" programme at the ruling BJP's headquarters here, he called for a debate on internal democracy in all political parties and asserted that the growth of a "true democratic spirit" within them is necessary for the country's future.
Funding to political parties is often debated but not their values, ideologies, internal democracy and how they give opportunities to new generations of leaders, Modi pointed out. "Whether democratic values are a part of their (parties) core values or not, should be debated widely.... I believe that the development of a true democratic spirit within political parties is necessary not only for the country's future but also for democracy," he said.
Although Modi made no reference to any particular party, his comments came in the backdrop of reports that the Congress may soon elevate its vice-president and Nehru-Gandhi family scion Rahul Gandhi as party president in place of his mother Sonia Gandhi. The BJP has often accused the Congress of practising dynastic politics and juxtaposed that with the rise of its own party workers to top echelons to project itself as "a party with a difference".
The Prime Minister, who was speaking in the presence of BJP national President Amit Shah and Union ministers Smriti Irani, Nirmala Sitharaman and Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, also lauded the media's role in garnering support for the 'Swacchta Abhiyan' project. "The media unanimously supported this programme and spoke in one voice in support of it. Despite reels of newspaper print and television airtime dedicated to criticism of the government, the media has wholeheartedly extended its support to this programme," he said.
He also expressed his regret at not being able to interact with the media as often as he used to when he was a BJP worker. "It feels nice to meet my friends from the media without their cameras, papers and pens. We have a long association with each other and there is an understanding with which we all work for the country," Modi said.
"You show us what we need to focus on. There are so many different types of media nowadays. Coming here, among you brings back memories of when I was working in the party headquarters and spent time with many of you. Nowadays, though, you complain that we do not get to sit and chat like we used to. The times have changed and that has created a crunch for us to interact with each other," the PM added. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,839 |
For several years I have had the pleasure of working together with Anne-Mette Juncker and Helle Selsøe when recruiting specialists within software development – at times very demanding technical profiles with rare competencies. There are a number of positive elements in their way of handling the recruitment process, which is informative, well structured, and exhibiting a fine insight both technical and human. Helle and Anne-Mette are driven by personal commitment combined with clear and critical professional expertise, and they have consistently managed to present a few, eminently relevant and thoroughly selected candidates for the positions to be filled. This has been of great value to us…. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,840 |
The biggest Mexican festival in New Zealand with its 2019 edition will celebrate Quetzalcoatl. An event not to be missed!
Learn more about the Mexican culture and folklore dances! Imagine making your own tortilla? Riding a mechanical bull? Winning the best Mexican salsa (sauce) competition? Playing loteria and meeting fun and exciting people?
Bring your friends and family! Dress up Mexican! Celebrate Frida! Get your make up done as a sugar skull or book your table for an authentic Mexican dining experience that you have never experienced in NZ!
Get your super early bird tickets today and join the fiesta!
Get your tickets as soon as possible to get the best price! Ticket are limited and price will increase as we approach the festival!
"Quetzalcoatl... the feathered God was claimed by Aztecs as the god of learning, of writing and of books!
Food Vendors - Delicious and authentic Mexican food! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,841 |
Free Digital Scrapbook Template Download! Are you a digital scrapbooker? Download our digital version of the September 2011 CK Sketch and use the layered PSD file to create a page using your favorite digital scrapbooking elements.
Overlap photos to lend a relaxed feel to your scrapbook layout, reminiscent of photos pinned to a bulletin board. This seemingly spontaneous photo placement can be useful in fitting more images on your scrapbook layout or for covering extra white space in your photos without cropping--which saves you time! Give this a try on your next layout.
Old Fashion Rivalry by Laura Vegas, as seen in the September 2011 issue of Creating Keepsakes magazine.
Design Tip: If you find yourself a little tight on space with all the photos you want to include on your layout, overlap them slightly like Laura Vegas did on her layout. Most photos have excess space at the edges or in the corners that can be partly covered in order to squeeze in that last image.
Check out variations on this sketch, or try scrapbooking several additional sketches using the Bonus Sketches based on layouts in this issue. See even more variations in the September 2011 issue of Creating Keepsakes magazine.
Download another CK Sketches Digital Template, as seen in the July/August 2011 issue of Creating Keepsakes magazine. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,842 |
Beautiful on its own or as part of a complete Corridor office, the credenza includes an adjustable storage compartment with louvered doors and locking drawers for supplies and hanging files.
The striking CORRIDOR collection features louvered doors of solid wood that allow a speaker's sound or a remote control's signal to pass through unobstructed. The collection features a black, micro-etched glass top and black steel legs. Optional concealed wheels are included. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,843 |
Home > Blogs < Reform Leader Discusses Chabad
Reform Leader Discusses Chabad
Daniel Freelander is leaving his comfortable berth as senior vice president at the Union for Reform Judaism — the organization for which he has worked in various capacities for 39 years — to become president of the World Union for Progressive Judaism ● What does he have to say about Chabad? ● Full Story
15th of Elul, 5774 - September 10, 2014
Daniel Freelander is leaving his comfortable berth as senior vice president at the Union for Reform Judaism — the organization for which he has worked in various capacities for 39 years — to become president of the World Union for Progressive Judaism.
In an interview he gave the New Jersey Jewish Standard, he outlines his goals, and describes what he sees as Chabad's strong points in outreach in the Former Soviet Union:
"The ubiquitousness of Chabad in eastern Europe means that they identify many Jews who want a strong Jewish identity but they can't live within its strictures. We don't have Chabad's resources. Chabad is brilliant in opening the door and making people feel welcome, but they have an angle. They know what kind of Jew they are trying to build."
Tags: Reform
Illuminate by Maor: Ensuring Financial Stability
Why mention and give exposure to a person who according to the Rebbe is a min and apikorus. A why quote something he said out of context? Don't you see he is saying Chabad is everywhere and smart but not for everyone? The Reform movement a "progressive" organization can fill the need of the more modern and educated population, Rachmono Litzlan. These people and their movement is cancer to Yiddishkeit.
Menachem
if the satan gives you Kavod , you would also publish it?
yid | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,844 |
Album Review: The Drums – Encyclopedia B-
Album Review: The Drums – Portamento C+
Album Review: The Drums – The Drums A-
Smino Offers a "Backstage Pass" with Monte Booker and The Drums: Stream
The snappy new single samples "Money" by The Drums.
by Wren Graves
on August 14, 2020, 12:44pm
The Drums Release New 14-Minute Song "Take Yer Meds (A Guided Meditation)": Stream
A meditative journey from Jonny Pierce.
on May 04, 2020, 10:11am
The Drums reveals regretful new song "626 Bedford Avenue": Stream
Another look at Jonny Pierce's upcoming album, Brutalism.
on February 26, 2019, 11:00am
Song of the Week: James Blake Invites Us in on "Mile High" with Travis Scott
This week's New Sounds also features The Cranberries, CupcakKe and Townes Van Zandt.
by Laura Dzubay,Brad Dountz and Parker Reed
on January 18, 2019, 10:16am
The Drums announce new album, Brutalism, share "Body Chemistry": Stream
Jonny Pierce will support the record on the road this spring.
Alan Vega tribute concert to feature Suicide bandmate Martin Rev, The Cars' Ric Ocasek, Gogol Bordello's Eugene Hutz, and more
Vega's son Dante and his wife Liz Lamere will also on hand, alongside Sonic Youth's Bob Bert and Gun Club's Kid Congo, among others.
on December 20, 2017, 11:22am
Win VIP tickets to Corona Capital 2017
A chance to see Foo Fighters, Green Day, The xx, Phoenix, PJ Harvey, alt-J, and more.
Lollapalooza 2017 Festival Review: From Worst to Best
Chance the Rapper, The xx, and Arcade Fire warm up a soggy weekend.
by Michael Roffman,Lior Phillips,Dan Caffrey,Randall Colburn,Heather Kaplan and Philip Cosores
Watch Facebook Live Q&As from Lollapalooza
Atlas Genius, Temples, Kweku Collins, The Drums, Hippo Campus, and Kevin Devine will recount their most memorable performances and more.
by CoS Staff
Webcast: Lollapalooza reveals 2017 live stream schedule + video
Featuring Lorde, Liam Gallagher, Muse, Blink-182, Run the Jewels, Tegan and Sara, alt-J, Cage the Elephant, and more.
Lollapalooza reveals 2017 aftershows
Including shows with Ryan Adams, Liam Gallagher, Spoon, Mac DeMarco, Tegan & Sara, and more.
The Drums share disarming new track "Head of the Horse" — listen
A trip down the dark parts of memory lane from the outfit's new album, "Abysmal Thoughts".
on May 30, 2017, 12:40pm | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,845 |
MATERIAL - Fittings are produced from CPVC Type IV, Grade I.
Do not use LASCO fittings for compressed air or gases.
Do not test PVC piping systems with compressed air or gases.
Fitting modification voids the warranty. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,846 |
· Posted on Feb 8, 2017
Malia Obama Was A Model Intern Because She's Malia Obama
"You're smarter than me. Let's just be done with this." —Lena Dunham
by Ryan Schocket
Remember in 2015, when America's favorite 18-year-old, Malia Obama, interned on the set of HBO's Girls?
Page Six @PageSix
Malia Obama hangs with Lena Dunham on the set of "Girls" in Brooklyn http://t.co/dABScnN7yS
02:23 PM - 03 Jul 2015
Via Twitter: @PageSix
Now that Obama is no longer in the White House, Girls creator Lena Dunham and showrunner Jenni Konner are able to spill the beans — and they did just that on Monday's episode of The Howard Stern Show.
@sternshow / Via instagram.com
View this track on SoundCloud
"She's an angel. Obviously, we weren't making her go get our coffee," Dunham said. "But she wanted to do all the jobs — that was the cool thing."
Brendan Smialowski / AFP / Getty Images
Konner said she trained under the writer's assistant, "taking down the improv, so we can use it in the next shots," aka WHAT INTERN GETS TO DO THAT??
The Obama White House / Via youtube.com
But there were certain aspects of the show Malia couldn't be a part of. "Because of her age at the time, we couldn't do the graphic sex scenes around her if we wanted to," Konner said.
And yes, there was Secret Service — everywhere.
Jacopo Raule / Getty Images
Dunham said Secret Service wouldn't let her in her bathroom while Malia was in there. "I was like, 'I know her. It's fine. I'm just going to go in there and pee.'" But it wasn't going to happen.
Frederick M. Brown / Getty Images
And shocker, Malia is smart as fuck.
The New York Times / Via youtube.com
"I once asked her favorite movie, and she went, 'Well, do you want me to list it by favorite director, writer, or cinematographer?'" Dunahm said. "And I was like, 'You're smarter than me. Let's just be done with this.'"
Mike Windle / Andreas Solaro / Getty Images
Good luck with your next internship with Harvey Weinstein, Malia! We know you'll kill it. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,847 |
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Can I use my iPad / iOS device for my eCornell training?
Safari and Edge are not supported for courses containing programming environments.
Adobe Flash Player 17+. If it's not already installed, you can download a Flash Player for free.
Adobe Reader 9+. If it's not already installed, you can download Adobe Reader for free.
If your system is not on this list, or if you have any other technology questions, call our Help Desk at 1-800-801-0287 (+1-607-330-3200 from outside the United States) to see how we can support you. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,849 |
The new BF High Tickrate servers were devolped by DICE to provide an even smoother performance on the servers. Gamed has brought the servers to perfection in a cooperation with DICE and you can now rent the best Battlefield Server in its franchise at gamed.
Our Battlefield High Tick Rate servers allow you to switch between BF4 and BFH any time. Your gameserver is getting re-installed and is online again within few minutes. You can switch any given time from within your gamed! panel and this service is free.
We follow the recommendations made by DICE that were developed during the beta tests. Our servers will deliver in all given tickrate configurations the best possible performance. There are upper limits for the tickrates that depend on the amount of ordered slots. If you want to you can also start the server with a lower tickrate.
The servers are hosted on selected hardware which meet the tough requirements made by DICE. You won't find a better BF4 server.
Order your own BF High Tickrate server today.
Does the contract extend itself?
If you order by prepaid then you have to extend the contract on your own. If you order without prepaid the contract will extend itself by the given minimum contract period (for example: 1 month) and you have to cancel the contract on your own.
The Battlefield High Tickrate servers are located in our own datacenter in Düsseldorf, Germany.
Battlefield High Tickrate game server need a lot of performance. We rely on tested and powerful hardware by INTEL like the newest Core i7 CPUs with Ivy Bridge or new Xeon CPUs. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,850 |
The ISAF Nations Cup Grand Final and Regional Finals have now been confirmed for 2006. The Royal Cork Yacht Club in Ireland will host the Grand Final, with Reqional Finals hosted by Finland, Portugal, Slovenia, Great Britain, United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, the US Virgin Islands and New Zealand.
ISAF has selected the Royal Cork Yacht Club in Ireland to host the Grand Final. Owning the honour of the oldest yacht club in the world, the Royal Cork has an excellent track record of hosting international events and is well known for its hospitality and event atmosphere. Previously hosted ISAF events in Ireland include the Nations Cup North European Qualifier in 1995 and the ISAF Team Racing World Championship in 1999. The Nations Cup Grand Final will be contested in J/24's on the non-tidal waters of Cork Harbour.
ISAF received eighteen bids to host the Reqional Finals and Grand Final, which were shortlisted down to a final nine host venues. Venues were selected based on their ability to not only run the event, but also on the legacy for the ongoing development of match racing and support provided to competitors participating. ISAF thanks all bidding venues, which were of an exceptionally high quality, and demonstrate the interest in the ISAF Nations Cup and ongoing development of match racing.
The Group A women's qualifier in Madeira, Portugal will be held at a proven venue, Caniçal - Machico, which was host to the 2003 Volvo Youth Sailing ISAF World Championship and the Portugal Match Racing Cup 2002.
Moving onto Slovenia and the Group B Qualifier will be based at Izola on the north east Adriatic Sea. To date in 2005, the Jadralno Društvo J/24 has played host to the annual Izola Spring Cup and the Laser 4.7 Europeans, and on average hosts more than forty events per year. 'Holding a Regional Final means much for us, as an organizer and for sailing in our region. Match Racing is very popular and very attractive for our media, and we have hosted a national match racing event in our waters for many years. Bringing the Nations Cup to Slovenia will be a big attraction for the Slovenian sailors and a big motivation for the crews.' responded Jure OREL (SLO) on receiving ISAF confirmation that Slovenia would host the Group C Regional Final.
Group D in the United Arab Emirates will take place on the waters adjacent to the Dubai International Marine Club. Hosts to the 1998 ISAF World Sailing Games, Dubai is renowned as a sailing venue offering consistent winds and crystal waters. 'This successful bid from Dubai to host a regional final aptly displays our readiness to take the sport of sailing to a higher level,' noted Saeed HAREB, Managing Director of Dubai International Marine Club [DIMC]. 'By giving us the opportunity to stage such an important event, the ISAF has further shown its faith in the DIMC and in Dubai at staging world-class events,' he added.
The Caribbean will host the Group F North American Qualifier in the US Virgin Islands, organized by the St Thomas Yacht Club, the veteran hosts of the International Rolex Regatta, and past master of hosting several ISAF Grade 1 match racing events. With steady trade winds and tropical conditions, a unique venue.
ISAF will confirm the nations participating in each Regional Final based on the entries received. Entries at each Regional Final will be limited to only one entry from each of the nations within that region eligible to participate, thus promoting a national event and ensuring that all nations have the opportunity to participate. Nations interested in entering the ISAF Nations Cup should complete the online Entry Form.
The ISAF Nations Cup will kick off with the Group G Oceania qualifier, in Auckland in January 2006, progressing through with a Regional Final scheduled each month, until the ISAF Nations Cup Grand Final in September 2006. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,851 |
WH Nominates Wife of Major Dem Donor Saban to U.N. Gen. Assembly
Announcement comes less than a month after husband writes pro-Obama NYT op-ed
Cheryl Saban
Washington Free Beacon Staff - September 19, 2012 6:30 PM
The White House announced Wednesday it has nominated Cheryl Saban, the wife of Univision chairman Haim Saban, to be a representative of the United States to the General Assembly of the United Nations.
Cheryl Saban is described as an "author, philanthropist, and advocate for women and children" in the White House announcement, serving on boards of the Saban Research Institute, Girls Inc., and Children's Hospital Los Angeles.
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Her husband founded Saban Entertainment—the production studio behind "Power Rangers"—in the 1980s. Haim Saban is a major Democratic donor, personally giving more than $1 million to Democratic candidates and committees in the 2012 election cycle. He has donated at least $333,333 to the Obama-affiliated Super PAC Priorities USA, which is best known for an ad suggesting Republican nominee Mitt Romney was responsible for a woman's death, as well as $325,520 to Majority PAC, a Super PAC touted by Sen. Harry Reid (D., Nev.). Patriot Majority, an arm of Majority PAC, launched a campaign in August targeting Charles and David Koch. Reid, meanwhile, has persisted with claims that Romney may not have paid income taxes.
Cheryl Saban's nomination comes less than a month after her husband penned a New York Times op-ed defending President Obama's Israel record.
The position was a marked turn for the Egyptian-born Israeli-American, who criticized Obama personally in 2011 for not visiting Israel, and labeled in 2010 the Obama administration "really left leftists, so far to the left there's not much space left between them and the wall."
This entry was posted in Politics and tagged Democratic Donors. Bookmark the permalink.
Heiress to Predatory Mortgage Empire to Spend $200 Million for Dems
Soros Spends Millions to Win Women Voters in Battleground States
Pro-Biden Super PAC Sends Half a Million to Its Chairman's Unlicensed Company
Liberal 'Fake News' Site Spends Millions on Deceptive Facebook Campaign
Dem Donor NBC Exec Loses Job Over Sexual Impropriety
Soros Pours Record $50 Million Into 2020 Election
Dark Money Network Conceals $20 Million in Liberal Election Spending
Top Liberal Operative Funnels Millions From Super PAC to Her Private Firm | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,852 |
"May 27th, 1944
To the Chief of the GBTU Tank Directorate, Major-General of the Tank Engineering Service, comrade Afonin
Report on the issue of firing from the T-34-85M tank equipped with a PT-3 mine roller
According to orders from Deputy Chief of the GBTU, Lieutenant-General of the Tank Engineering Service comrade Lebedev, the NIBT Proving Grounds installed a PT-3 mine roller on a T-34-85 tank and determined the ability of firing from the tank after the detonation of a German TM-35 mine under the roller on May 26th and 27th, 1944.
The T-34-85M tank equipped with a PT-3 mine roller travelled on a dirt road for 1.5 km. The roller was in combat position. The turret was facing forward, with the gun level. Strikes on the gun muzzle were observed when the tank crossed pits up to 300 mm deep.
The German TM-35 mine was detonated under the two inner disks of the right side of the roller. The tank turret was turned forward, the gun was level, the traverse lock and elevation lock were disengaged.
An inspection of the tank after the mine detonated revealed the following:
The explosion destroyed the right cheek of the mine roller frame. The roller was disabled. The tank would no longer be able to move with the roller attached.
There is a dent on the muzzle from the left side: a mark from the impact of the roller, which was thrown upward by the mine. There is also a dent on the front part of the mine roller from the gun.
The front of the hull and turret were covered in dirt. A 1-1.5 mm layer of dirt was left inside the barrel, 150 mm in length.
The elevation mechanism and sight were undamaged.
As a result of the trials, the following conclusions can be drawn:
Movement of the T-34-85M tank equipped with a PT-3 mine roller with the gun forward will result in impacts on the gun barrel even when crossing relatively small pits, which can cause damage to the latter.
An explosion of a mine underneath the roller can damage the barrel of the gun by hitting it with the frame of the roller, which is propelled upwards, and also causing the fouling of the barrel with dirt.
It is necessary to clear the dirt before firing, as the presence of dirt can lead to the barrel bursting and the shell exploding prematurely.
The T-34-85M equipped with the PT-3 mine roller can only use it with the turret turned backwards. Trawler tanks should be supported by fire from regular tanks that follow it.
Chief of the NIBT Proving Grounds, Major-General of the Tank Forces, Romanov
Deputy Chief of the NIBT Proving Grounds, Engineer-Lieutenant-Colonel Sych
Assistant to the Chief of the NIBT Proving Grounds and the Chief of the Scientific Testing Department, Lieutenant-Colonel Gerkevich"
CAMD RF 38-11355-2258 pp. 21-23
Labels: 1944, T-34-85
Sager ,William A. 26 April 2018 at 14:23
Perhaps the mine roller might of worked better with the earlier T-34 76. The older T-34 was much lighter due to the smaller turret and it's barrel did not stick out very far, and was less likely to of been hit. Or at the very least it could of turned the barrel just about 15 to 25 degrees to the left or right. Which we often did anyway during advances.
Where Infantry Can't Pass
SU-152: From Assault Gun to Tank Destroyer
HOA Nightmare
Manufacturing Difficulty
Tiger Air Filters
T-70B: A Light Modernization of a Light Tank
The First Coming of the IS-2
Composite Hull
Far East Conversions
Peak vs Mean
The Winding Road to Nowhere
Kalashnikov Acceptance
PzIV Ausf. H Intel
T-60's Future
PzIII Battle Damage
Heavy Tank from Pennsylvania
Mosin vs PPSh
Manufacturing Limbo
OBM-43
SU-12: The Ill-Fated SPG | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,853 |
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Stories with the Tag: Politics
Capturing Nepal. Interview with Subash Shrestha.
IMAGO interviewed one of its most recent partners, Subash Shrestha, on his captivating documentations of Nepal and the Himalayan region.
Year 2022 in Review
The year 2022 was a year full of ups and downs, crises, natural disasters, farewells and changes, but also courageous people, successes and celebrations. Review the year 2022 in pictures from sports, news, entertainment and politics.
A Rare Face of China in 2022, Changes in the Country as a Result of the "White Paper Revolution"
A narrative from Chinese-born Kapo, 30, who reflects on her personal experiences and stories from friends and family in China about the past developments in the country.
Chaos in the UK – Rishi Sunak and angry protesters. IMAGO Impressions.
Rishi Sunak has taken over as Prime Minister after Liz Truss, who would have served only 50 days. IMAGO takes a look at the chaos unfolding in the United Kingdom over the last several months.
IMAGO Photojournalism picks of the year.
See our picks of the year as we commemorate the art of photojournalism this month alongside IMAGO's sponsoring of the UK Picture Editors' Guild Awards taking place tomorrow in London.
Local Heroes.
Our Local Heroes series celebrates photojournalists around the world and the important stories their work brings to light.
New Narrative.
Discover new narratives through photography. First hand accounts from the political, social, cultural and personal.
Ukraine Conflict in Photos.
Historically, internal divisions have left Ukraine in a precarious position between East and West with both Russia and Ukraine histories rife in conflict. It is what both divides and connects to the two neighboring nations. As Ukraine resistance holds strong – thousands flood out of Kyiv. Those who remain in the city take cover and take up arms.
The side-effects of war: Behind the surging gas prices as Russia invades Ukraine.
A recent investigation reveals how a diplomatic triangle between Russia, The United States and Saudi Arabia lies at the root of this spectacle, with Germany hesitantly showing its face from behind the previously-iron curtain with a new stance on the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline.
21.02. This Weekend..
After more than three weeks of defiant Truckers blocking Canada's capital in peaceful protest, the so-called "Freedom Convoy" and its supporters faced police resistance as Ottawa police cleared a main protest site in front of parliament.
Black History Month – The Fight for Voting Rights in The United States.
Voting in a democracy is not always a given. As the Freedom to Vote Act and the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act failed in the Senate in January, 2022, the fight for equal voting rights in The United States continues.
Super Bowl reaction: Why the NFL's next episode could be its most important for a generation.
The Game columnist Andy Murray is an NFL rookie and didn't know what to expect watching the league's 56th championship game from his sofa in south west London. The beginning of something special, as it turned out…
Show more stories | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,855 |
Hyderabad: Jaydev Unadkat's off-cutters sent Mumbai Indians (MI) off-kilter so much they almost keeled over in Sunday's IPL 10 final against Rising Pune Supergiant. And then Mitchell Johnson produced a last over so brimming with hostility that despite conceding a first-ball four, MI managed to win the title by one run off the last ball.
Chasing 130 for their first IPL title, Rising Pune Supergiant (RPS) seemed to be in control but the famed MI bowling attack never really let them break loose. 23 was needed off the last two overs and RPS took 12 off the 18th bowled by Jasprit Bumrah with an inside-out six helping skipper Steve Smith bring up his half-century.
Manoj Tiwary then hit Johnson for four but just when all seemed lost, the Australian pace ace struck off successive deliveries. Tiwary holed out to Kieron Pollard and Smith, having anchored the chase so well, was caught by Ambati Rayudu at the point boundary.
In his disappointment, the RPS skipper didn't cross and that meant Washington Sundar had to face Johnson. He managed to scoot a bye and then Dan Christian took a two after Hardik Pandya dropped a stiff chance. The last ball saw a misfield but RPS were never going to run three to force a tie.
After a case of never giving up despite putting up a low score — RPS hit their first six in the 16th over — MI players huddled so hard after Sundar was run out that it seemed someone would get hurt. They are the only team to have won three IPL titles and Rohit Sharma the only player to have won this four times.
Ajinkya Rahane (44) and Smith had stabilised RPS's chase after Rahul Tripathi's early dismissal, a dodgy decision because replays showed Bumrah's delivery would have missed the stumps. After Rahane went, skippers past and present, MS Dhoni and Smith, couldn't take RPS home and then the jitters jeopardised chances of bowing out on a high.
It also meant that Pandya brothers, Hardik and Krunal, wouldn't eventually be vilified for dropping catches. And that Krunal's 47 and his eighth-wicket stand of 50 with Johnson would make the difference between victory and defeat.
This after an evening show that looked to be going wrong almost from when MI elected to bat. RPS bowlers got everything right and encapsulating the effort was Sundar, conceding only 13 in his four overs after opening the bowling with Unadkat.
And they were backed by some tigerish efforts on the field with Smith leading from the front. Smith ran out Ambati Rayudu when he and Rohit seemed to be rebuilding the innings after Unadkat had sent back the MI openers with off-cutters and, in the case of Lendl Simmons backing that with a fine catch, in the space of three balls.
Dan Christian then produced a run-out even more spectacular to dismiss Karn Sharma. Another good effort in the field from Shardul Thakur ensured there wouldn't be a silver lining to Rohit's form in this edition. Between the seventh and the 13thovers, RPS used spin for all but one over to choke MI. That RPS fell to an even better bowling effort tells you that not always does the ball play bridesmaid in T20. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,856 |
package com.angelhack.hackalone.splitcash;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class AskActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements DeviceListFragment.OnFragmentInteractionListener {
private static final String TAG = "AskActivity";
private DeviceListFragment mDeviceListFragment;
private BluetoothAdapter BTAdapter;
public static int DISCOVERABLE_DURATION = 300;
public static int REQUEST_BLUETOOTH = 1;
public static int DISCOVERABLE_BT_REQUEST_CODE = 2;
BroadcastReceiver bluetoothState = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String stateExtra = BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_STATE;
int state = intent.getIntExtra(stateExtra, 0);
String message;
switch(state) {
case (BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON) :
message = "Bluetooth turning on";
break;
case (BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON) :
message = "Bluetooth on";
break;
case (BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF) :
message = "Bluetooth turning off";
break;
case (BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF) :
message = "Bluetooth off";
break;
default:
message = "";
break;
}
Log.d(TAG, message);
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_ask);
BTAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
// Phone does not support Bluetooth so let the user know and exit.
if (BTAdapter == null) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("Not compatible")
.setMessage("Your phone does not support Bluetooth")
.setPositiveButton("Exit", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
System.exit(0);
}
})
.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert)
.show();
}
if (!BTAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBT = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBT, REQUEST_BLUETOOTH);
}
// Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
// discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, DISCOVERABLE_DURATION);
// startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, DISCOVERABLE_BT_REQUEST_CODE);
String actionState = BTAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED;
registerReceiver(bluetoothState, new IntentFilter(actionState));
String mydeviceaddress = BTAdapter.getAddress();
String mydevicename = BTAdapter.getName();
String status = mydevicename + " : " + mydeviceaddress;
Toast.makeText(this, status, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
DeviceUuidFactory deviceUuidFactory = new DeviceUuidFactory(getApplicationContext());
Toast.makeText(this, deviceUuidFactory.getDeviceUuid().toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
mDeviceListFragment = DeviceListFragment.newInstance(BTAdapter);
fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.container, mDeviceListFragment).commit();
}
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
try {
unregisterReceiver(bluetoothState);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
@Override
public void onFragmentInteraction(String id) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "HOOO" + id, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
}
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode == REQUEST_BLUETOOTH) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Ha! Bluetooth has been enabled.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else { // RESULT_CANCELED as user refuse or failed
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Bluetooth is required.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
} else if (requestCode == DISCOVERABLE_BT_REQUEST_CODE) {
if (resultCode == DISCOVERABLE_DURATION){
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Your device is now discoverable by other devices for " +
DISCOVERABLE_DURATION + " seconds",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Fail to enable discoverability on your device.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 9,857 |
The Lion at Basford
Christmas Eve will be Smokin at The Lion!!
Local rock n blues band Smokin Gun will be playing live here on Christmas Eve.......We will be busy, so get here early for a seat....the band starts up at 9pm......entry is free of charge and an excellent party night is definitely on the cards.
We are making a nominal charge of £3 for New Years Eve.......Shade of Blue will be providing the party sounds.....tickets are available at the bar.
Our Christmas Burger menu is available throughout the festive period from midday until 8pm........we have been quiet on food occasionally and mega busy at other times so we do appreciate your patience here.
The new craft beers are selling really well.....Nottingham Regal, Navigation American Saviour have both proven very popular alongside Meantime seasonal choices and Fullers Frontier.........we will be introducing a new bottle range very soon.
Teatime Christmas Eve is great.....log fire.....real ales....warm atmosphere....see you here at the Lion tomorow from 4pm onwards
John & Josie
Posted by The Pub People at 07:34 No comments:
Mad Friday is here at The Lion!
It will be a turbo charged break up day today......we will be ready and waiting with a first class choice of cask ales, craft beers and traditional ciders.....have a look at the website for today's menu www.thelionatbasford.co.uk Included are Little Saint Nick, our 4.7% brown bitter from Castle Rock, Thornbridge's Sequoia, Pheasantry Dancing Dragonfly and Bateman's Autumn Fall.......we have craft beers from Meantime, Fullers and Nottingham Brewery, their new Regal Lager
See you here for a pint, buffet and real log fires later.....Rock n Roll burgers served from midday!
Hats off, Christmas that is!.....to the clever brewers at Nottingham's Castle Rock Brewery for producing Little Saint Nick!.......our Christmas beer for this year.......now on sale at 27 Pub People pubs, it has been an overwhelming success........the customer feedback has been excellent and pubs are placing their 3rd and 4th orders.......we have it on sale at the Lion today.......a brown best bitter, smooth on the palate with floral notes..4.7% abv
We have had lovely support for our charity Christmas Fayre, Christmas, Quiz and Christmas Carol service, which was last night. Thanks everyone who attended..........lots of new faces arriving at he Lion....You can tell who you are as they just look around, stunned at finding such a beautiful pub in the middle of an industrial estate!!!
News Years Eve Tickets are going fast...£3 gets a brilliant party evening with Shades of Blue.........we are still taking Christmas bookings....this year we have done more than ever so book your office party and ask about food options........which could include our festive burger, Santa Baby!...a pulled turkey burger......call us for details 01159703506
See you at the Lion for Mad Friday Afternoon beers later
John and Josie
Live music tonight, Sat and Sun lunchtime and Christmas Eve
Pub People Christmas Ale is a Cracker!!
Our Christmas Craft Fair is this Saturday morning, here at the pub.....click on the website for all the info.... www.thelionatbasford.co.uk Lots of last minute and unusual gifts, alongside mince pies and mulled wines.
News Years Eve Tickets are going fast...£3 gets a brilliant party evening with Shades of Blue.........we are still taking Christmas bookings....this year we have done more than ever so book your office party and ask about food options........which could include our festive burger, Santa Baby!...a pulled turkey burger
The Lion has had a new fount installed which will allow us to rotate guest keg craft beers......we will be focusing initially on locally produced craft beers.......from Castle Rock, Black Iris, Nottingham, Navigation, Derby, Thornbridge..........this will be replicated at the Bunkers Hill before Christmas.
See you at the Lion for Friday teatime beers
Live music tonight, Sat and Sun lunchtime
New Years Eve Tickets Now On Sale!!!
Call into the Lion and get your tickets for NYE.......£3 in advance and £5 on the door.....for a fantastic evening with Shades of Blue on December 31st........lots of cask ales, ciders and mulled wines....roaring logs fires and a brilliant party atmosphere.........between now and then make sure you try our Christmas Beers....Little Saint Nick and Bar Humbug
Christmas Fair Announcement
You may know that every year we have a mega Christmas Fair here at The Lion and earlier this week we sent all the detail off to our print shop so expect lots of posters and flyers around the pub next week. It is to take place on Saturday 13th December from 12noon.
Highlights definitely include a vinyl fair, organised buy our flippin' excellent (See what we did there) chef Paul, craft gift stalls- perfect to pick something up for her indoors fellas- as well as loads of games, raffles and tombolas. We'll also have a face painting lady here so you can bring the little ones too. We will also be unveiling our Spiced Mulled Cider that day and will have our Christmas burger "Santa Baby" available, an amazing pulled turkey burger served with melted brie and cranberry sauce mmmmm.
Black Iris 'Brewery Tap' Coming Soon
As some of you may be aware, the lads from Black Iris Brewery have set up shop in a unit just down the road from us. Situated directly opposite Shipstone Street Tram Stop they've been busy for a couple of months now getting set up and we can almost smell the first brew!! We can reveal that we will have one cask line and one keg 'craft' line dedicated to Black Iris, both of which will be rotating through their brand new range. As well as the dedicated lines we are flexible enough to be able to feature more of course... we have 11 to choose from!!! We'll let you know when the keg is installed but we have word that we will have their first official brew from the new digs in the next week or so- keep your eyes on our Facebook and Twitter for news as it happens.
Rock 'n' Roll Christmas Burger Co.
If you haven't yet sorted out your Christmas get-together with the lads from work, the girls in the office, your best pals, family or whoever, our Christmas Rock 'n Roll Burger Co. menu is still available to book. you can view the menu online here, the response has been overwhelming and we're well impressed with the amount of bookings we've had so far but there's still time as it's available until Christmas Eve ;)
See you this evening!
John, Josie & Team Lion x
Little Saint Nick Official Launch
This evening sees the official launch of Little Saint Nick, a 4.7% Christmas ale brewed exclusively for us and other Pub People pubs by Castle Rock Brewery. The ale will be our main Christmas beer throughout December and with Castle Rock being our featured Brewery of the Month we'll be showcasing some of our favourites from the recently rebranded range.
Arrive from 4.30 to meet some of the Castle Rock team, as well as the bosses, and sample Little Saint Nick direct from the barrel. We're going all out and making the standard Friday teatime buffet extra special too so there's every reason to coax your colleagues into a cheeky payday Christmas beer.
Not only all of that but you may have seen on our Facebook and Twitter feed that we put our Christmas tree up yesterday! She's an absolute beauty and we've put her up especially to coincide with the launch of Little Saint Nick- the rest of the decs will go up on Monday!
Highlights definitely include a vinyl fair, organised by our flippin' excellent (See what we did there) chef Paul, craft gift stalls- perfect to pick something up for her indoors fellas- as well as loads of games, raffles and tombolas. We'll also have a face painting lady here so you can bring the little ones too. We will also be unveiling our Spiced Mulled Cider that day and will have our Christmas burger "Santa Baby" available, an amazing pulled turkey burger served with melted brie and cranberry sauce mmmmm.
Pub Co's & Craft Beers....Back to the Future!
Just like the De Lorean.....The Major Pub Co's had a model that seemed perfect for its time and for ever, but it just didn't last the course.........basic design failings and a mismatch in funding.......The Pub Co's have taken longer to unravel than the infamous sports car but it does seem that MPs, rather than the government, have taken the opportunity to finally kick them, for serious misdemeanors which took place 10 years ago.......and with that put their business model under severe scrutiny and pressure.......Enterprise and Punch shares all but collapsed this week, as MP Greg Mulholland, supported by lobbyists, Fair Pint & CAMRA saw through Clause 2 of the Pub Legislation Bill, The Market Rent Only Option in a House of Commons Vote. The Government has been against it.
If the Bill progresses with this clause....best guess 2-4 years.....the landscape for the tenanted pub trade will change.........at a time when both Punch & Enterprise have gone through massive cultural and business practice change....for the better!.........In particular circumstances the pub tenant would be allowed the pay a higher rent for the ability to purchase their drinks products in the free market, rather than being tied to the Pub Co
As we have said many times before in this newsletter, the people to punish were the senior management from those Pub Co Companies and others 10-15 years ago.....if this was the USA, they would be indicted and if convicted, then jailed......by todays Code of Practice standards their methods were underhand, fraudulent and unacceptable during a period when the German and Japanese banks took a financial interest and hold on the pub industry growing both Enterprise and Punch at lightening pace. Hashtag Pyramid scheme.......If CAMRA want a real campaign to get a hold of then this is surely it.
The premise, however, that suddenly the fortunes of tenants will change if they are able to buy beer free of tie is naive. The beer wholesale market and the brewers pricing will shift significantly and the model, as it always does will pressurise the person at the bottom........currently many people(not all)are able to enter the pub trade at low cost......moving into a high quality invested tenanted pubs and if they are good and work hard will earn a reasonable living......will they be millionaires?..no!....but they will get support and guidance from the Pub Co and if they are sensible....then so will the Pub Co and they will make a good living........if they act like idiots (which some do, and then generate negative PR for the Pub Co and the industry, because the media likes that) then the Pub Co will get upset.......I can assure you that the most difficult Pub Cos to deal with are those where the tenant is not tied.....they just collect the agreed rent.....no vested interest in the business and investment in the pubs.....In Nottingham both Enterprise and Punch have spent major money on capital investments and received nil recognition......Old Volunteer, Nags Head, Bridge Sandiacre, Greyhound, Nuthall, Sherwood, Midland Stapleford to name a few.
As with most journeys like this.....there will be unintended consequences and some sage will write "be careful what you wish for!"..............CAMRA will assume that all micro breweries will immediately have a brand new and larger market to target their ales.........This is credible as the Pub Cos priority will be to ring fence secure volume purchases of lagers and bitters through negotiations on capital expenditure on pubs.....to remain tied.....It is feasible they will sacrifice micro brewed beer......it is fiddly for them to deal with and the margins low once SIBA have taken their cut. This may impact on regional brewers however who actually do very well out of the Pub Cos....Pub Cos also resent having to install and maintain beer engines....which micro brewers may have to do in he future, thus creating a quasi tie.
But what of our new friends in the Craft Beer World...........here is the parody......Craft beers will play an important role in the future, but however clever the Pub Cos were at financial engineering, they will struggle to provide a platform to showcase these beers any where near as effectively as the free trade.......in the same way they have toiled with cask.........they cannot pin down enough discount to make margin so the tenant has to buy at an exorbitant rate, nor can they procure the regional and local ranges required......the customers demand will grow for much more localised products rather than the domination of global brands........Pub Cos are too slow to react to these market changes ...and this market is moving very quickly....look at the new operations that have opened in Nottingham recently, Annies, Junkyard, Boilermaker....these operators cannot work with the inflexibility of the Pub Cos.
Whether you agree with the Market Rent Only amendment or not, the balance of power between tenant and pub will change.......now the tenant will have a choice....The Pub Cos will be destableised but will prepare for change.......Who knows what the Future holds?....We need Doc Browns De Lorean time machine!!
Andrew Crawford
Pub People Co
Craft Beers Are About To Boom!
We have been learning about craft beers at the Lion and Bunkers Hill for well over 12 months.............there is no doubt, they are picking up in popularity.
There has been so much debate over what craft beers are and their relationship with cask ales. CAMRA in particular seem a little confused about whether they embrace them or disown them.........as though they were an embarrassing relative!......Our advert in CAMRA's Nottingham Drinker for craft beers was refused, as was Nottingham Brewery's......yet in the latest edition of CAMRA's What's Brewing, there is a leaflet specifically for for craft beer.......so what is the policy?....and what is the problem?
The Craft Beer producers, I suspect are not bothered about CAMRA....and so, it seems, are the cask ale micro brewers...with several already producing their own craft beers........Nottingham, Thornbridge, Navigation, Oakham, Adnams et al all have a keg rather than cask product available.........and the customers love the choice and quality.
So what is the definition of craft beer.........you know....who cares?.......they are beer products made to original recipies using very high quality ingredients and dispensed from a keg using gas.......and have bags of flavour.............
They are new and fresh and giving the pub industry something different to talk about.......but here is the rub.....THE IMAGE.......they are hip, stylish, female friendly, high quality with consistency and have a story which stretches over the water to the New World......USA.........Image of cask ale, however you dress it up is in a different place......and CAMRA, with justification, are reluctant to move from that..........and why should they?
CAMRA have overseen and supported the successful growth in cask ales and local micro breweries over the past 50 years.....especially the last 10......as a pub operator who has also supported cask ales for 20 years, we see craft beers as the perfect marriage to cask........the stories of both are exciting and vibrant.....attracting new and different customers to pubs......I could believe the younger members of CAMRA see this easily.....and Nottingham CAMRA has an excellent young members branch.
In the near future there will be a massive explosion of British and American craft bottled and draught beers........Meantime and Brewdog have led the way and from the USA expect to see the likes of Dogfish Head, Lagunitas, Blue Point, Bronx, Mad Fox,Sierra Nevada, Heart Land and many more make it to the pub shelves..............at the Lion and Bunkers Hill we will be developing our range of draught and bottled craft and the activity which goes with them........more real (hard) ciders, beer cocktails, flights of beers and growlers (take home bottles)..........all this alongside a great commitment to locally produced cask ales......perfect harmony!..............Today we have craft from Harvestioun, Meantime, Adnams, Fullers along side 11 cask ales.
Pub People Company
Here at the Lion.......tonight we have the fantastic Loaded Dice and tomorrow Shinkickers, with our Sunday Jazz Cafe.......always superb.......Thornbridge are Novembers Brewer of the Month..........Check out our Christmas Burger Menu......bookings for Christmas parties are coming in fast
New Allergen Laws Cause Confusion!!
Dear oh dear..........does this government not think we can walk down the road avoiding the cracks in the pavement??............recently on the newsletter, we highlighted Nottingham City's fumbling around the Late Night Levy.......(lets get all the pubs outside the city centre to pay for policing in the city centre, whilst the pubs actually in the city centre don't pay for it!)
Next on the list is central government misguided attempt to implement a complicated allergen law......derived from the powers that be in sunny Brussels...........so here we go......none of the following is made up.....you couldn't make it up anyway.....no one would believe you!!
The basic premise is that many European folk are allergic to one or more of 14 principle allergens...........therefore, if they dare to go into any type of restaurant or purchase any food every product must have either clear lableing and/or the staff have access to a compendium of information on every food and drink item sold by that business identifying any allergens in every food product....eg a pint of Harvest Pale and Lasagne, salad, chips and garlic bread......read it again before continuing.
This law will be implemented on 13 December 2014............OH YES right in the middle of the busiest trading point of the year.......WHOEVER made that decision should have their face on the front page of every newspaper in western Europe.
UKIP State..."throw it out with the beer slops!!" and we couldn't possible comment!
But maybe CAMRA should be commenting on the relevance to micro brewed ales and the added costs to brewers.
Here at the Lion we have a pretty simple food menu....as you know...The Rock n Roll Burger Menu.........so whats the problem......well even for that small menu we have to break down every ingredient in every dish and identify and record any possible allergen.....then produce a document that could be shown to a worried customer..........BUT hey don't forget this also includes all the special sauces that go with the burgers.......all the desserts.......coffee.......the specialty nuts and crisps......all drinks especially the beautiful bespoke real ales and hand made ciders.......oh and don't forget the Friday buffet and team food for the jazz and darts folk..........this is bureaucracy gone absolutely crazy........
So how is it going to be policed.......it is a trading standards issue not food hygiene...............in 12 years at the Lion....you can count the number of people who have mentioned food allergies on one hand and that has always been gluten.........a prize for the first person to email in with all 14 allergens [email protected] First three in win a cup of smokey nuts and a pint of Harvest Pale!!
Why can't the government leave our industry alone for a couple of years......meddle meddle meddle.....lets make up a job......But leave the NHS in total and utter crisis..............ELECTION YEAR is 2015!
Oh and just to end it, do you really think the French, Spanish, Greeks or Italians will take one jot of notice......unlikely......but our Civil Servants have a job to do and boy will they do the job properly............So, on December 13th, if you want to cause mayhem get down to your local Chinese takeaway ask for all the allergen info.....in Mandarin........oh yes....must all be in relevant languages....
See you down the Lion at tea time for a gluten free pork pie and a bloody good pint!!
Rant over!!......excellent ale and cider choice down here this weekend, along with top live local bands, Fri, Sat and Sun
CAMRA members very welcome, with 15p per pint off real ales and ciders
What Does Doom Bar Tell Us About Cask?
Almost 20 years ago as a Greenall's Regional Manager based in Cornwall, I went to see a chap called Bill Sharp. He had started his little brewery a couple of years before in Rock, over the estuary from Padstow....... Greenall's, having bought the Devonish Pub Co, owned the Golden Lion in Padstein........... the tenant here had been badgering us for this locally brewed ale and having a longstanding love of real ale I did not hesitate to make a visit.......in the full knowledge that persuading the Company to stock it would be virtually impossible............. Greenall's, whilst no longer a brewer at that time sold cask Bitter, Mild, Thomas Greenalls Original, Shipstones and Davenports range and having now inherited pubs in the South had access to Flowers IPA and couple of others....... Their new guest ale policy allowed the tenant to purchase from a painfully small range from mainly regional brewers, like Tim Taylors........by paying a £25 surplus per 9 gal firkin on a full list price...CRIMINAL!
Anyway, back at Rock, Bill Sharp was a wonderfully ethical gentleman........he already had a decent range, with Sharp's Best the biggest seller.........and was keen only to sell to one or two outlets in any town, barely venturing beyond the Cornish borders.
I managed to agree with the marketing automaton at Greenalls HQ in Warrington that having a local brew would culturally endear us to Cornish folk and Bill chose a couple of pubs in deepest Cornwall for a trial.......Cadgwith Cove inn and the Roseland Inn Philleigh.........
Roll on about five years..... Sharps grew dramatically and Bill had begun to focus on a secondary dark beer at 4% called Doom Bar, which was destined to be the company's vanguard product....a malty, quaffable ale. Production, sales and distribution had accelerated. No longer a hobby, Doom Bar was in huge demand way beyond Cornwall..........things were moving fast.
The man from Dolmio Italian sauces spied this and bought Bill Sharp out...........then spent around 8 years developing the Doom Bar brand and in 2011 Molson Coors bought them for a whopping £18m.........
So would Doom Bar simply disappear into the swamp of other Coors brands and replicate the journey of Deuchars IPA? Or was there a longer term plan to establish the product as the successor to the likes of Draught Bass and Marstons Pedigree......in the branded sessionable medium coloured cask ale market. Emma Bebbington, Pub People's Coors Account Director was put in charge as General Manager........ so jealous!!!
In 2014 the brewery in Rock, over seen by Emma, has seen £3m worth of capital investment and is forecast to brew 350 000 barrels of Doom Bar going forward.......this is about a tenth the size of Carling... and already Doom Bar is the biggest selling cask ale in the UK.....recently overtaking Greene King IPA.
Doom Bar as a brand is here to stay.... Coors have remained true (ish) to the Cornish heritage by investing in the local brewery and generating more jobs. Doom Bar has meaning (it is a sand bar at the mouth of the Camel Estuary) and credibility which has been subtly and successfully communicated....... further entrenched by local Doom Bar boating related sponsorships and then the Boat Race sponsorship........ together with associations with the Padstein culinary fraternity and now their own pub, The Mariners at Rock
All of this knits well with the new breed of customer wanting the taste of cask ale coupled with the reassurance of a brand with a name and a story........before and alongside trying all the wonderful local microbrews that will be available at the Nottingham beer festival this weekend.............. here at the Lion Draught Bass is still one of our best selling ales........it has been on permanently since the Lion opened in around 1996 and we have very very loyal customers for it.............. there won't be many pubs in the East Mids that can say that....... in reality though it is us that has kept it going. The Bass owner has just milked the product and it is unlikely younger or female drinkers would give it a second glance.
Doom Bar has broken through that ceiling and whilst the beer snobs may turn their noses up.........customers awareness of the overwhelming number of micro brands is low......so a solid anchor point product with high credibility and consistency will be a winner with new drinkers of cask ale along with those who want to be loyal to a top pint.
Our range at the Lion today does not include Doom Bar (Hop Pole, Waggon and Horses, Bunkers Hill, Keyworth Tavern all have it on) but the choice is excellent........Bass, Harvest Pale, Scarlet Macaw, Red Baboons, Legend, XXXB, White Squall, Bradfield Stout, Grainstore, Pheasantry, Equinox.
See you at the Lion for a Friday tea time beer and a few pork pies!!
The Rock n Roll Christmas Burger menu is on the website. www.thelionatbasford.co.uk..... if you have not tried our excellent range of handmade burgers, then what are you waiting for??....... we have carnivores and herbivores fully catered for with luxury burgers at a realistic price!!..... all served by our team of executive chefs from midday to 8pm every day
Enterprise Inns Develop A Managed Division
The UK pub landscape is on the move.........as if it had ever stopped!!.......the trend in the past 18 months has been for the main pub co's and breweries to develop their managed estates of pubs or start up managed divisions........this is nothing new. It was perfectly normal for the main Brewers of old (Whitbread, Bass, Greenalls) to own a tenanted group of pubs and usually a smaller but higher quality managed group.
During the late nineties and 2000's the mode was to convert the bottom of the managed pubs to leases.......often blackmailing the existing managers with redundancy only if the took the lease......this strategy was a catastrophic failure as most managers struggled to convert to the requirements of the leased model......along with scandalously expensive tied beer prices and exorbitant rents............many, sadly lost their money.
In Nottingham, good examples of managed to tenanted pubs included.....Fiveways (then back to managed), Vale, Robin Hood Sherwood, Larwood & Voce, Hayloft Giltbrook, Bridge Sandiacre, Fairway Clifton, the Wollaton. Predominantly, whilst the early transfer years for the leaseholder were tough, as time has gone on the quality of the pubs in this group have actually held strong. Most have weathered the storms and remain very good pubs even though the first leaseholders are probably not still there.
This new development therefore of pub co's beginning to transfer pubs back to managed is more than interesting...........one would hope that they will be less ruthless in their journey to convert tenancies to managed..........but what will they do....almost certainly not focus on the lower end as there will be no more money in it... if they are serious, the top end will be the target....physically big pubs, in good locations with good catering and car park facilities...........hey ho!!..........the worry is that a batch of established entrepreneurs who have gallantly and successfully tackled the pub co's could be moved out and with it a commitment to local products and services...........micro brewers in particular may not get the freedom to sell into a big managed division... at a fair price??
Enterprise have almost 5000 pubs.......it won't be worth doing unless they have a mark of around 500 managed pubs in mind......they are saying the first 10 will be converted in two months!!...............
More topical stuff from the UK pub industry, with a local slant next week.........What does Doom Bar and the Cask Report tell us??
Here at the Lion, a top selection of real ales, ciders and entertainment this weekend.........Bradfield are brewers of the month
If you are Goose Fair bound, then why not come to the Lion for a decent burger before or after.......easy parking and walk down Noel St
Pub People
Greene King Bid For Spirit Pub Company
You can tell the economy is on the move..........can't remember when there was a seriously big hostile take over in pub world in recent times......GK have bid £100m for Spirit and it will probably go through for around £120m.......You will recall GK bought Hardy & Hansons a few years back, promptly closing the brewery at Kimberley and whilst their large managed estate was heavily invested in, the independent tenancies were by and large left to fend for themselves..........GK own the Hungry Horse brand and Eating Inn (Wolds and Goose Gamston), along with the likes of Test Match, Bell and Ye Olde Trip'..........Spirit meanwhile have big managed brands aswell.........Flaming Grill (Rose & Crown Derby Rd), Chef & Brewer (Ferry Wilford) and Fayre & Square (Nottm Knight), together with some really good lease pubs like the Hayloft, Giltbrook, Vale, Arnold and Larch Farm, Ravensh ead (Good Beer Guide 2015).......Spirit incorporated the old Greenalls managed estate which will GK strong exposure in the NW England..........the leases will improve the GK stock...BUT it will inevitably lead to more smaller tenancies being sold.............the question will be whether GK follow Marstons and sell large batches of pubs to supermarkets or direct them towards the likes of the Hawthorne pub co who are a new tenanted company on a big growth track.........we will be following this one closely.
In the normal mad world of tenanted pub cos....Enterprise Inns have hired two Ex Wetherspoons Execs to develop a managed house division with the Enterprise group.............this needs to watched really carefully....here is a company with C5000 pubs nationwide (Share price 121 down fro 2014 hi of C170).....It is a significant move and away from where Punch Taverns are thinking currently..........but in a similar vein to Marstons who have a quasi franchise division along side leased and managed pubs.....these are signs that the pub market is evolving rapidly.
At Pub People, we have finally got a completion date for the Nags Head at Newbold in Chesterfield.......this is lovely multi roomed character pub. We will be giving it a small refit before installing extra handpulls and providing customers with an excellent range of local micro brewed ales and traditional ciders.........it is quite close to the Chesterfield Arms and we are working on a collector card sheme covering our other cask ale pubs in Chesterfield (Woodside, Blue Stoops and Rutland Arms (Good Beer Guide 2015))
The Lion has some fine live entertainment this weekend...see below and the Post for details
CAMRA Discount on ales and ciders 15p
Ossett Brewery Yorkshire are brewers of the month Sept
Bradfield Brewer Oct
Live Music from 9pm
Vince Eager and the Memphis Tones (9pm)
Firewire (9pm)
Sunday Lunchtime Jazz@ the Lion...from 1.30pm
Our ever popular Live Jazz sessions. We are incredibly lucky to be able to have some of the most talented, grooviest performers showcase themselves at The Lion.
DELI (1:30pm)
Bradfield Lined Up as Octobers Brewer of the Month!!
We are delighted to announce that the excellent Sheffield-Peak District brewer, Bradfield will have their ales showcased during October...........They rarely travel south and it is unusual to see their range in Nottingham anywhere........famous for their Farmers Range, the Lion will be stocking as many as we we can including Farmers Blonde, Farmers Bitter, Farmers Brown Cow and the Halloween beer Jack O Lantern.........many of the beers are award winning and have distinctive pump clips...........check their website at www.bradfieldbrewery.co.uk
Pub People's brewer of the month is run in several pubs in the Nottingham area including here at the Lion aswell as the Waggon and Horses, Bunkers Hill and the Plough all in Nottingham, the Maltshovel and Hop Pole in Beeston, the Rutland Cottage and the Poacher in Ilkeston, the Great Northern in Langley Mill, the Queens Head in Marlpool, the Steampacket in Swanwick, the King Alfred in Alfreton, the Midland and the Thorn Tree in Ripley and the Black Swan in Edwinstowe. If you have any brewers that you would like us to bring onto the list then make contact through the website www.thelionatbasford.co.uk
We will be looking to develop this successful promotion into a Cider Producer of the Month...........interest in real cider is growing rapidly but the main producers lag behind the microbrewers in terms of their PR and promotional activity..........watch out for some good stuff in the coming weeks.........The Steampacket at Swanwick, run by Amanda, has won the Amber Valley CAMRA Cider Pub of The Year........which is brilliant news and she will be live on BBC Radio Derby tomorrow morning.
Back here, we stock 10 real ciders for you choose from every day with a separate chalk board.........ask for a sample at the bar.........
Looks like the weather will be warm and sunny so the new patio is getting plenty of use.........call in for a tea time beer tonight
Rock On For Beer & Burgers at The Lion!!!
Our Rock n Roll burger menu version 2 launched this week..........Wow!!....what a response...........five more burgers taking us to 25....... With a brilliant vegetarian choice...........a better beer and burger deal covering more cask ales............A burger and bottle of wine offer (which has flown out this week) and a special choice of Sundae Desserts to round off your meal.............check out the website for all the details www.thelionatbasford.co.uk or join our Twitter and Facebook feeds for snappy updates................we are now taking large bookings especially on Sundays........and already offices and workplaces are enquiring about Christmas Parties...........give us a call at the pub for more info 01159703506
I know Christmas is still a while off........and we have a great Halloween to get through first..........but the boss has agreed with Castle Rock that they will produce the Pub People Christmas Ale for 2014........ A specially brewed 4.7% dark malty beer will be rolled out in December with the launch being held here at the Lion........watch out for more details
Black Iris Brewery are making progress with their new venture. They have acquired one of the industrial units at the bottom of our beer garden and very soon, we will become their virtual brewery tap.........we had them as brewers of the month back in June and their ales were extremely popular. They get good coverage throughout Notts, Derbyshire and South Yorkshire and we are looking forward to a blossoming relationship with them.
The rails have been laid outside the Hop Pole!!.........the new pavement is slowly creeping towards us........but have to say it all looks fantastic........we may even have space for a pavement drinking area a la Broadway in Hockley!!........Karen deserves a medal, battling away, keeping the ales in perfect condition despite adversity and defending her corner from power cuts, phone lines chopped off, drayman stuck in chaos and generally feeling marooned!!......the support from the community has been inspiring, when other pubs simply closed their doors.
Stunning ale choice this weekend......Bass, Harvest Pale, Ape Ale, Scarlet Macaw, Jaipur, Legend, Brewers Gold (Ossett) Hook Norton, Grainstore, Hobgoblin and Atlas
See you at tea time
Rock n Roll Burger Menu #2 Next Week!!
Something really weird has happened at the Lion...........for years and years we could only sell the odd lasagne and chips to a few locals.......to now, where we have new customers travelling from all over the place to eat our fantastic hand made burgers............our food business has exploded and brought with it new real ale and craft beer customers........next week we launch our Winter Menu with FIVE more burgers bringing the total choice to TWENTY FIVE, including extra vegetarian options............the menu is served every day, inc Sunday, from midday to 8pm..............we will be taking Christmas party bookings and for the first time interest in having your office party here is high........email us through the website if you want info on what we can do www.thelionatbasford.co.uk
Osset Brewery from Yorkshire are our brewers of the month for September.......we love their beers and Excelsior is extremely popular whenever it is on.........you can also find their beers on sale at the Hop Pole, Bunkers Hill, Waggon & Horses (Redhill), Maltshovel amongst others.
The tram tracks are actually being layed outside the Hop Pole this week as work picks up at a pace.........it has been hard yards for Karen our long standing licensee, having been cut off for nearly 18 months........other pubs have simply shut but she has battled on with a great selection of real ales, excellent live music and top support from the community..........the annual Hop Pole songwriting contest closes in about 10 days, so if you are interested, there is a £200 prize, get your entries to her next week.
Work will begin to refurbish a new Pub People pub near Worksop in October....... the Three Legged Stool freehold was purchased from Marstons and will under go a £250k refit, opening just before Christmas.
On the bar this evening, along side Ossett, we have beers from Blue Monkey, Thornbridge, Castle Rock, Nottingham, Slaters, Oakham, Shipstones, Kelham Island..........plus ten real ciders
see you at teatime for a sarnie and a pint!!
John and. Josie
Excellent Charity Day on Bank Holiday Monday
Many thanks to everyone who supported our charity day on Monday. Despite the weather loads of you turned out as we went indoors........live bands all afternoon, face painting, stalls and raffles were all popular as we raised nearly £500 for the Cancer Research Relay for Life.........
There is a superb line up of live music this weekend with Pesky Alligators playing tonight and Little Giants on Saturday.........both local bands who have been performing at the Lion for over 10 years now........mix that with some of the new talent from Nottm we are showcasing and it gives you an idea why The Lion is one of the top live music venues in the city...........don't forget live hot jazz on Sunday afternoons and open mic on Thursday.
The burgers have finally taken over........owing to overwhelming demand we are sorry to say that traditional Sunday lunches will no longer be served.........the Rock n Roll Burger menu will start from Midday on Sundays and run til 8pm........the amazing success of the burgers has surprised us all and we apologise for upsetting customers who came for the Sunday roasts, but the demands were switching around and we have had many customers walking out................
We have three IPA type beers on the bar today.....Thornbridge Jaipur , Oakham Green Devil and Oldershaws American Hopquad........all north of 5.5%...... All in world class condition!!
Congratulations to a couple of our sister pubs.....Steampacket at Swanwick has won a cider award from Amber Valley CAMRA. They organised an excellent cider trail through out the Summer and showed good support to everyone of the participating pubs.
The Blue Stoops at Chesterfield were nominated by the Chesterfield CAMRA branch as pub of the month.......some tough competition up there but we have won the award before....good luck.
The Late Night Levy information has arrived........if only the council were as efficient with other things!!!.........The Lion has no choice but to pay it as does Bunkers Hill.........but come on!!!!........the Plough at. Radford and The Lord Nelson in Sneinton..........why should small pubs like that have to fund the city centre policing??...........a complete failure for democracy......what tax next from the City Founding Fathers!?!.........
Come and let us know what you think about the Late Night Levy.....
See you at teatime for a beer and a sarnie
Late Night Levy Storm Set To Roll!!!
We are absolutely delighted that our views on the impending Late Night Levy have been read and commented on.
It is poignant the this is the 400th edition of the Lion Newsletter and whilst the the data base has grown into the thousands, this story has caused the most voiceiferous comment..........
Our understanding is that the leader of the council has driven this proposal through in the face of rational arguments against it. He is fully aware that pubs on the periphery of the city will have to fund the city centre policing or else shut before midnight. For the Lion that is not an option as our established entertainment business relies on flexibility in opening hours. We now must wait to see how much this stealth tax will cost this business's and in fact the Bunkers Hill.
Both pubs incidentally have rarely if ever had cause to call out the police for any disturbance...........Likewise there will be pubs owned by other independents who are in the city boundaries who are just realising they will be receiving a tax bill in the thousands from October........city boundaries means Sherwood, Clifton, Sneinton, Basford, Radford, Rylands.............Thanks for all your support......we will keep you posted on developments.
We say goodbye to Black Iris Brewery as a very popular brewer of the month and welcome Sheffields finest in Kelham Island as Augusts featured brewer...........Pale Rider is in the cellar!!!!!................our farewell to Black Iris is however only temporary and we can announce that (subject to contracts) they will be relocating to to industrial units opposite Shipstone St tram stop and next to The Lion...........they hope to be up and running before the year is out..........very exciting for us to have such a forward thinking brewer on our doorstep.......good luck to them!!
See you for a beer in an hour or so....
CAMRA members discounts available at the Lion and at ALL Pub People pubs in the Nottm CAMRA area
Lion Now Ranked #1 By Tripadvisor!!!!!
We cannot believe it.......and it probably won't last........but as of today, the humble Lion is ranked the number one attraction in Nottingham by Tripadvisor..........some of the reviews, from clearly new customers to the pub are detailed and extremely satisfying to read..........but you are only as good as your last game, so we won't get over excited and press on with some more improvements...............
............Like the gents toilets.......the refurbishment works start in August which will see new ventilation, doors, decoration, tiling and flooring........they will be almost as nice as the ladies loos!!
Great feedback from you on the new signs.......gone are the old red Batemans signs, replaced by a new style which matches our other marketing images........giving a fresher image but still retaining traditional pub values...........
Rock 'N' Roll burgers have been flying out this week.........if you over at IKEA, then why not try the Hayloft for lunch.......they also are a Rock 'N' Roll burger pub now and the response here has been just as good as the Lion...........Hayloft also has a new range of cask with Blue Monkey permanent now.
Surprisingly few comments from interested parties regarding the Late Night Levy passed by Nottingham City Council this week..........City centre policing will be paid for by any pub, club or bar that opens after midnight even for just one night of the year...EXCEPT those in the Nottingham BID scheme..........that means The Lion will pay for policing in the city centre but Walkabout will not..............( The Lion is not allowed in the BID, neither is Bunkers Hill)............are they completely stupid.......don't forget YOU vote for these people.
Worth making the trip to the Hop Pole, Chilwell, to check out the trams progress......the new stop is virtually outside the pub and is sure to have a big impact on custom..........
Excellent live music tonight and Sunday lunchtime jazz tomorrow.
See you over the weekend
Black Iris proving very popular as July brewer of the month. Kelham Island from Sheffield is August 's featured brewer
New micro brewery next to the Lion.........
The rumour mill has been running fast and now we can confirm that an established micro brewer is relocating to the industrial units next to the Lion and opposite the Shipstone St Tram Stop...........we have formally met with them but in no way want to steal their thunder.........very exciting and experienced brewers who will do to Nottingham what Brewdog have done to the brewing world generally, only they will be cask, cask, cask!!!..........they will make an announcement shortly...........but for the Lion it gives us a perfect new dimension and of course they can count on our support................
The new pub signs are now in place, just some finishing touches to make and the response to the investment made in the patio and the external appearance has been tremendous.........it has given everyone a lift...some pics on the website.....
Black Iris brewery continue as our July brewer of the month.......proving very popular, drawing in a slightly younger more experimental crowd......could be seeing more of their beers on a permanent basis...
The Rock n Roll Burger menu goes from strength to strength.......loads of new folk trying it.......now served until 8pm every day and from 3pm on Sundays........although we are looking at the Sunday food offer and will keep you updated.....
Beers on the bar tonight include.....Bass, Harvest Pale, Infinity, Bishops Farewell, Galaxy, Jaipur, Easy Rider, Shipstones.......plus three others, ten real ciders and three craft ................a very acceptable choice!!
Gold Rush and Old Nick are the live music attractions for Fri and Sat......both long standing and very popular bands at the Lion.......great to have them back.
See you at the pub for a tea time beer and a pie....free buffet from 4pm.....
Pump 8 £2.45 til 8pm
CAMRA discounts all day every day
Amazing Comments on Lion Tripadvisor!!!
Running pubs is a tough old game..... you are at the mercy of all and sundry who know they can do a better job at it than you..........then along comes social media and specifically Tripadvisor..........uncontrollable and can be soul destroying for many landlords...........it is with great pleasure however that we can read the Lion Tripadvisor and, whilst we won't get complacent and carried away, just take a pinch of pride in the truly independent comments..................it's nice to know we do get some things very right occasionally!!!!! Google us and have a look!
The new patio is complete and fabulous. It has made such a difference to the tram stop elevation........you must come and have a look....... pics will be on the website later.... www.thelionatbasford.co.uk
Black Iris Brewery from the Flowerpot in Derby are July's brewer of the month....watch out for single hop Citra, single hop galaxy, red eye ale and NZ stout... the posters promoting the beers are excellent......check them out in the pub
Live entertainment this weekend is awesome with Loaded Dice tonight and Airbourne on Saturday..........what could be better burgers, beers and top live music
Nottingham CAMRA have been busy organising another ale trail...... An IPA trail will run in August..... we will be on it along with the Plough and Bunkers Hill..... more details to follow next week.
New signs go up next week and the gents toilets will be refurbished soon aswell !!
See you for a beer and pie this tea time
New patio ready to open at the Lion
Check our Twitter and Facebook feeds to see the excellent progress the lads have made on the patio refurbishment this week. Local builders RMS from Basford have been on the case and they have made a fine job rebuilding our outside area......even the famous giant step has gone.......so no more spilt drinks or worse!!!...............with a bit of luck and if the weather just holds we should be open by late afternoon today...............a little bit more decoration to complete and the new signs are booked in for fixing on 7th July...................next up are the gents toilets and we have a plan for them.............
Ringwood Brewery have proven extremely popular beers as our brewer of the month.......they will move aside and July sees Black Iris Brewery from Derby take centre stage..........based at the Flower Pot, a well know cask and live music venue they are a well established micro with a reputation for strong ales.......they travel well and can often be found in and around Sheffield and Chesterfield.
Rock n Roll Burgers are still flying out and attracting custom from far and wide.........The Lion was the first but you can now find them at the Rutland in Chesterfield and Keyworth Tavern, Keyworth.........next venue will be Hayloft in Giltbrook, where Blue Monkey Beers will have a permanent position from next week.
Top live entertainment this weekend. Old friends Navacross tonight and our Neil Young tribute, Rust for Glory on Saturday
see you tonight
John Josie and the team
Your New Look Lion Is Right Around The Corner!!!
It's all happening here next week! You may have seen on Facebook and Twitter our patio has been completely demolished and is being remodelled, it's been long overdue but we can finally say goodbye to those steep steps... you may even make it to the beer garden with dry hands!!
Also from next week we are having new signs erected! The old faded Bateman's signs are going and being replaced with shiny new signs emblazoned with our new logo. So far we've seen the renderings and we cannot wait... everyone going past on the tram will be reaching for the button to get off!!
The Rock 'n' Roll Burger Co. menu still seems to be the number one reason to visit us in the week and work has already begun on version 2.0 of the menu! We're working closely with our drinks supplier and pairing the burgers with new American wines and craft beers. We already have the Monday and Tuesday "Beer & Burger" offer with Harvest Pale but that has proven so popular we're extending it across the range. We'll keep you posted on the progress.
Playing live tonight are Parker, formerly known as El Duderino, their set consists of a wide range of styles performing songs by artists such as: The Clash, Rolling Stones, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Arctic Monkeys, The Beatles to The Jam & many more. Tomorrow night we welcome back Mod Story, a big live sound Weller himself would be proud of!
Just a quick mention about our current Brewery of the Month, Ringwood Brewery, from sunny Hampshire for June. Look out for Fortyniner, Boondoggle and Old Thumper amongst others. An excellent brewery with well established beers that are hard to find north of the Watford Gap! In July we can look forward to hosting beers from Black Iris Brewery based at The Flowerpot pub in the heart of Derby, a pub not so dissimilar to The Lion in fact, so they should go down well.
See you here at the lion later teatime beer garden beers!
John, Josie & Team Lion
New Customers For New Burger Menu!!!
If you have not tried our Rock N. Roll Burger menu, then what's stopping you???..........we have had loads of new folk travelling to the Lion to try the burgers........ And then come back for the beers and entertainment!!!........the Lion has always had to encourage customers to travel from the suburbs and the burgers have definitely helped this along........we now have regulars from Bridgford, Wollaton, Beeston, Hucknall and Arnold............Burgers are served from midday to 8pm every day...........don't forget our Worksop butcher also provides the meat for our excellent Sunday lunches........
RINGWOOD brewery from Hampshire are Junes focus brewer.......quite rare to see the likes of 49'er, Old Thumper and Boondoggle........
The Hop Pole in Beeston is now cut off.......the tram works mean the next six week will be a real challenge.........if you are over that way, call in to say hello to Karen..............
The Maltshovel Beeston is also struggling by as Union St is also virtually closed by tram works on middle street........the Shovel has Oakham ales on permanently and their home made food is very popular at lunchtimes.
The Hayloft at Giltbrook will be stocking Blue Monkey Beers on a permanent basis from July and a new deal has been struck......a new range of handpulled ciders are also on the horizon
The Plough next to the Nottingham Brewery in Radford are accepting bookings for brewery visits with Phil Darby.......an excellent evening is promised for groups of 10-20, some sampling, a game of skittles and sandwiches.........aswell as the full range of brewery beers for sale. Contact Mel at the Plough
Back here, the patio will be out of action for two weeks from Monday as it is finally upgraded.........and the signs will follow on......some external decoration has been completed this week...........
See you here at the Lion for a Friday teatime beer
Lion Music Festival Roaring Success!!!!!
A massive thank you to everyone who supported us last Saturday. The annual Summer Gathering Music Festival at the pub was the best ever.......many new faces at the Lion and new friends made.......great thanks to the bands and musicians who played their hearts out in support of the British Heart Foundation............and a big thumbs up to our excellent staff who were dead on their feet at the close of play.......a really brilliant day............
Exciting news.......the patio is finally about to be upgraded and work will start in the next couple of weeks, together with some new signs and our battered tub chairs are being recovered.........we will almost look like a new pub!!!
Ringwood from sunny Hampshire are our brewers of the month, so watch out for their best bitter, Fortyniner, Boondoggle and Old Thumper........excellent and we'll established beers that are hard to find north of the Watford Gap..........for a regional brewer, they will be very popular.....CAMRA discounts apply at all times of course.....
Don't forget we have ten real ciders on sale at all times.......we have been amazed at the genuine feedback on these products.......clearly the Lion has the best range in Nottingham and actually one of very few pubs that take these great products seriously.......they are becoming very popular with a variety of customers who are tempted to try something completely different..........we will be providing more tasting notes and information on the products in the next few weeks......as well as some sampling to tempt disbelievers !!!!!.......THE LION IS NUMBER ONE FOR REAL CIDER!
The weekends beer range is also on the website. wwe.thelionatbasford.co.uk Join our Twitter feed for daily updates on beers and Rock n Roll Burgers and entertainment.
Sunshine For Lion's Music Festival Tomorrow!
It promises to be a scorching day for our annual Summer Gathering of local bands tomorrow at the Lion..........an outside extravaganza of local bands playing from 1.30pm all day.......14 local groups with over 50 excellent musicians will make it a day to remember............bouncy castles, BBQs and all for free at one of Nottingham's best loved pubs......( check our Tripadvisor feedback!!). The Lion website has the band line up......but get here early to bag a picnic bench or bring a rug to sit and sunbath on in the garden. www.thelionatbasford.co.uk
Kicking off the weekend tonight we have the excellent Buzzard playing from 9pm........regular performers at the Lion for over ten years, it is great to have them opening up a weekend of unrivaled free live entertainment.
the beers on sale this weekend include choices from the following breweries.....Blue Monkey, Castle Rock, Pheasantry, Oakham, Nottingham, Whim, Wells, Batemans, Falstaff, Church End, Everards plus ten real ciders..........an amazing range........a beer festival under one roof every day of the week!!.................add three craft beers from London Meantime, Harviestoun and Frontier
Rock N Roll Burgers just gets busier and busier..........serving until 8pm every day now........twenty burgers to choose from.......soon to be introducing the National Award Winning Lamb and Mint Burger from Owen Taylor's in Leabrooks.......watch out for that in the next couple of weeks!
See you at the weekend
CAMRA discounts on all cask ales all day every day
The Pub People
The Pub People Company are one of the top 50 pub operators in the UK We own an established estate of high quality food and drink pubs in and around Nottingham, Derby, Chesterfield, Sheffield and Lincoln. All of our pubs are managed, with a dedicated support function from our head office near Alfreton in Derbyshire. We are committed to using local suppliers for our drinks and food. Many of our pubs stock cask ales supplied from local micro brewery's and our fresh meat is from farms in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. The Company is structured to support the pubs operationally. We have dedicated BDMs, Catering Development Manager, Marketing Manager, Stocktakers and a Property Manager and Helpdesk.
Bradfield Lined Up as Octobers Brewer of the Month... | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,858 |
In 1983, the U.S. Marine Corps awarded contracts for the construction of two M113 type vehicles in which the aluminum armor was replaced by a non-metallic composite material. FMC in collaboration with Owens-Corning Fiberglas delivered the composite hull vehicle in October 1985. The hull was a sandwich structure consisting of inner and outer skins of resin bonded E-glass.
The two layers were separated by closed cell polyurethane foam. Aluminum oxide ceramic tiles attached to the outside provided additional ballistic protection. The composite hull vehicle weighed about the same as the standard aluminum alloy hull and the ballistic protection was somewhat improved.
FMC also developed a composite turret for the Bradley starting in 1983 and assembled five turrets by the Summer of 1987. These turrets used a single thickness of S-glass bonded with a polyester resin. The single piece turret body retained the configuration of the standard Bradley turret. The composite Bradley turret was subjected to firing tests at Camp Roberts, California in the Fall of 1986.
In September 1986, FMC received a contract from the U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory to develop a composite hull for the Bradley. Completed by March 1989, the new hull had single thickness walls consisting of polyester resin bonded S-2 glass fiber. The hull was molded in two halves and the thickness varied depending upon the number of preimpregnated glass fiber sheets.
This provided the maximum ballistic protection in critical areas. The two halves of the hull were joined with an aluminum alloy frame and turret cage by bonding and bolting. The belly of the vehicle was formed by a single composite panel. The aluminum alloy frame provided attachment points for the road wheel suspension arms distributing the resulting stresses to the hull. The ballistic protection was enhanced by the installation ofceramic tiles in the critical areas.
Tests indicated that the composite hull vehicle provided better protection against explosive blast and greatly reduced spalling. The low thermal conductivity of the composite material simplified the problem of heating or cooling the interior of the vehicle. It was estimated that the composite hull was about 27 per cent lighter than the standard hull.
Following a composite armored refuel vehicle (CAV) study project in 1992, United Defense received a contract for the construction of an advanced technology demonstrator in December 1993. The proposed CAV-ATD was a 22 ton vehicle intended to develop manufacturing techniques that could be applied to a wide range of armored vehicles. A single production sequence was to integrate the lay up of the S-2 glass laminate hull structure and its ceramic armor with the signature management materials.
The composite hull vehicle was divided into upper and lower halves. A two man, titanium alloy, crew capsule was located between the transmission in front and the engine in the center of the hull. Space for six men was provided in the rear hull. Protection from 30mm APDS ammunition was to be provided in the 60 degree frontal arc and the sides were to be proof against 14.5mm projectiles. The top and bottom were to protect against artillery submunitions and antipersonnel mines respectively.
Initially, the CAV-ATD was to be powered by the 530 gross horsepower General Motors 6V92TIA diesel engine coupled to a Lockheed Martin (formerly General Electric) HMPT-500-3EC transmission. Future investigations were to include the evaluation of an electric drive system. The vehicle was provided with a flat track, in-arm, hydropneumatic suspension rocket system with 15 inch wide T150 tracks.
Two hulls were scheduled for construction with one to be used for structural and ballistic tests. The other was intended for durability testing and would initially be fitted with the 25mm Bushmaster cannon. Later, it would be used to evaluate other weapon systems. The roll-out of the new CAV-ATD was at the United Defense plant in San Jose, California on 19 February 1997.
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Back To School: Edtech VC Funding Reaches $4.1B So Far This Year
Sophia Kunthara
Sophia Kunthara @SophiaKunthara
Edtech startup Enuma began raising its Series B round in the fall of 2019 and had its initial close in February 2020.
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But it was when Enuma's CEO, Sooinn Lee, traveled to Asia earlier this year to meet with investors that she felt they had a "strong sense of urgency and interest," COO Eugine Chung said. Lee had to have her temperature checked whenever she entered a building in Singapore, and schools in East Asia were shutting down as COVID-19 became a crisis.
"She told me, 'Eugine, I think we should try to close this round as quickly as possible because it's different out here in Asia, the way that COVID is being treated,'" Chung said. "And we could also anticipate school closures happening in the U.S., too, because we could see how the pandemic was quickly spreading, how seriously people were taking it in Asia."
The company, which makes applications to teach children foundational reading and math skills, ended up finally closing its $9 million Series B in May. Enuma is one of several startups that have seen a surge in demand since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic and many schools moved to distance learning. And now that the new school year is starting, many school districts are still implementing remote learning, at least for the first few weeks.
Edtech's been in the spotlight lately, given how much COVID-19 has changed the way students are learning. We pulled the numbers to see what the sector's funding has looked like so far for this year, compared to years prior.
Based on Crunchbase data, global venture funding for edtech companies reached $4.1 billion between January and July 2020. That's $1.5 billion more than was raised during the same period in 2019, and the highest amount raised in that time frame for the past five years (just barely though — January through July 2018 saw $4 billion in funding for edtech companies).
While the number of deals has gone down since the peak of the five-year period we looked at, the deal sizes are bigger. Edtech startups raised about $4 billion between January and July 2018 across 427 deals (the peak). In the first seven months of 2020, companies in that same sector raised $4.1 billion across 279 deals.
A note about the data: the numbers include funding rounds for edtech and education startups, and do not include private-equity rounds for non-venture-backed companies.
For U.S.-based companies, edtech funding between January and July 2020 reached $706 million across 85 deals. That's up slightly from $678 million during the same period the year prior, but the number of deals is down from the same time frame in 2019 at 108 deals.
As shown in the chart below, edtech funding for U.S.-based companies has remained pretty steady over the past five years for the January through July period, although the number of deals has been on the decline.
Notable deals for U.S.-based edtech companies include Coursera's $130 million Series F round in July and MasterClass' $100 million Series E in May. CampusLogic also raised a $120 million private equity round in July.
But the largest edtech deals so far in 2020 haven't been for U.S.-based companies. China's Yuanfudao, which raised a $1 billion Series G in March, holds the title with the largest edtech fundraise year to date, followed by Chinese startup Zuoebang's $750 million Series E in June.
Uptick in investor interest
Anecdotally, some edtech startups also report increased investor interest in their companies. Matt Cooper, CEO of creative-focused online learning startup Skillshare, said the company had a much higher "hit rate" than usual for first meetings with investors when raising its Series D.
Cooper noted the higher hit rate was probably because of increased usage of Skillshare and the fewer logistical challenges that came with scheduling meetings over Zoom, versus the logistics required to meet in person. The company ended up having about 65 first-round Zoom meetings with investors, each lasting about 90 minutes.
The second round also had a lot of interest, Cooper said, with Skillshare receiving more term-sheet offers than it expected. The company announced a $66 million Series D last week (the round is not included in the dataset for this story).
Cooper said the investors he met with fell into three categories: 1) those who saw the pandemic as accelerating trends that were going to happen anyway, 2) those who were concerned that the pandemic was pulling demand for products from 2021 into 2020, and 3) those who were uncertain about the future and were opting to sit on the sidelines.
But, "there were a significant (number of investors) that saw a global trend that was being accelerated," he noted.
It's a sentiment that was echoed by Noodle Partners' CEO and education entrepreneur John Katzman.
"I think education overall, it's just really about COVID as an accelerant, changes that were already underway," he said of the adaption of edtech.
Global venture funding over the past five years for edtech companies peaked in 2018 with $5.8 billion across 700 deals, according to Crunchbase data. For the U.S., it peaked in 2015 with $1.4 billion across 246 deals.
We're in the second half of 2020, and schools are starting up again—but many remotely. COVID-19 doesn't look like it's going away anytime soon, so there's still plenty of time for those edtech funding numbers to climb even higher.
Illustration: Dom Guzman
Stay up to date with recent funding rounds, acquisitions, and more with the Crunchbase Daily.
Media & entertainment tech • Startups • Venture
Something Ventured Part 5: Managing Differences, Seasonality And Some Holiday Guilt
Chris Metinko
Shifting from just the person who started a company to the actual leader of it can be one of the hardest transitions for any founder of a...
Diversity • Job market • Startups • Venture
6 Key Questions For Founders Seeking And Absorbing Capital
Today's startups are raising record amounts of money, and faster than ever, but the problem isn't knowing when to raise funds. In this guest...
Diversity • Fintech & e-commerce • Seed funding • Startups • Venture
VC Funding To Early-Stage Latinx-Founded Startups In The US Has Stalled. Here's Why That Matters
Janice Bitters Turi
While funding to Latinx startups in the U.S. has grown, it remains a sliver of the overall venture capital investment pie.
Fintech & e-commerce • Startups • Venture
7 Benefits Of Income Share Agreements For Founders
In this guest commentary, William Stringer, CEO and co-founder of Chisos Capital shares the pros and cons of income share agreements for founders.
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Don't Expect A Slowdown After Record-Setting Year For Cybersecurity As Several Drivers Remain For Big 2022
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Beyond COVID: Biotech And Health Care Trends To Watch In 2022
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The Year's 10 Biggest VC Funding Rounds: Cruise, Rivian And Lots Of Billion-Dollar Deals
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IChemE is a market leader in process safety training, with our courses providing the essential knowledge and skills to help you implement and manage successful process safety programmes.
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When are the new episodes of Rick & Morty coming out
by Billy
The popular cartoon Rick and Morty is now in its sixth season, but when will we see it on television? If all goes as it should, this is the date to look forward to
Rick and Morty fans continue to wonder when the sixth season of the cartoon set in the multiverse will arrive. However, there is one piece of news that gives hope that the release date will soon arrive: writer Alex Rubens confirmed on Twitter that he is already writing season 7.
A few words that leave little doubt to Rick and Morty fans: season 6 has already been written and all that remains is to make the cartoon. Although there are no official confirmations, there are no denials either, but it is possible to guess when the new episodes will be released. Each season of the cartoon consists of 10 episodes and it is since 2018 that Adult Swim has ordered 70 episodes, enough to get up to season 10. This suggests that the release schedule of the cartoon could follow a regular pattern: the trailer will be presented about three months before the release date, which could be the same as the other seasons released so far: probably the summer of 2022. Let's see why it is the most likely date.
Rick and Morty: the words of the writers
To provide the first indiscretions about the fact that the writing of Rick and Morty 6 has already been completed we thought the creators of the cartoon. The first to announce it on Twitter was Rubens, who wrote ironically: "Am I allowed to say that we have started writing Rick and Morty Season 7? (If not, we haven't and I'm not)."
Writer Cody Ziglar has also already confirmed on social media that season 7 has already been completed. This means that season 6 is in the production phase and it won't be long before fans will finally get to see new episodes of their favorite protagonists.
Rick and Morty 6: when it will be released
Having reached the fifth season of Rick and Morty, there seems to be some sort of regularity between announcement of seasons and arrival on Netflix streaming. Even season 5 arrived in the summer in the United States and after two or three months in Italy, like the previous ones.
This means that the arrival of the episodes of season 6 could also follow this trend: in the summer of 2022 in the United States and in the fall in Italy too, unless Netflix decides to perform a simultaneous launch in the different countries where the streaming platform is present.
For an official confirmation that the arrival of season 6 is near, all that remains is to wait for the presentation of the first trailer, which usually takes place on the network a couple of months before the release date.
Rick and Morty 6: the plot
Although the writers have confirmed that season 7 has been written, on the plot of season 6 of Rick and Morty remains the most total secrecy. Certainly from season to season, we get to know better and better these two characters committed to living in the multiverse, jumping through space and time. Between humor and twists, the writers are outlining more and more of their absurd characters, to give fans new and intriguing adventures.
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Plan extra time to your MAX trips on Wednesday and Thursday, June 8 and 9, as the Rose Festival Fleet sails into town. U.S. Navy, U.S Coast Guard and Royal Canadian Navy ships, along with a few other vessels, will pull into port along the Portland Waterfront, requiring several bridges including the Steel Bridge to lift several times.
UPDATE: Plan an extra 30-60 minutes if commuting across the Willamette River on Wednesday and Thursday afternoons.
Please be patient. All MAX trains will stop for Steel Bridge lifts as ships pull in.
TriMet operations crews will monitor the lifts and adjust service as necessary, which may include shuttling MAX riders across the river in buses.
Check trimet.org/alerts before you go.
Consider taking other bus lines that cross the river only using Tilikum Crossing, Hawthorne and Ross Island bridges – lines 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 30 and 66.
Plan extra time to commutes on Monday morning, June 13, which is when the ships will depart, requiring several bridge lifts.
Go mobile! Download the free TriMet Tickets app to buy fares for your family. Learn how easy it is at trimet.org/app.
The Rose Festival Junior Parade winds through streets in the Hollywood District on Wednesday, June 8, from 1:00 p.m. through 2 p.m.
Three bus lines – the 12, 75 and 77 – will be detoured for the parade from about 11:30 a.m. through about 3 p.m. Check trimet.org/alerts before you go. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,863 |
Keep you and your family smiling with a dental insurance plan from AUI. Our experts will take the time to help you find the right product for your budget.
Oral hygiene is linked significantly to our overall health. Keep your pearly whites in tip top shape by investing in a dental policy.
Do you need pediatric dental?
AUI understands and can help you find the right policy for you. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,864 |
It is a strange world where in some parts of the globe children are left to drown when the rubber dinghies they are put in to escape warfare and poverty in order to reach a place where they are expected to be able to grow up in peace and safety and have an education and a future, fail to carry them there, while in other parts they are put in cages and camps, torn away from their families, simply for looking for a better life and future, and at the same time other children just like them are rescued by heroes bigger than life from all over the planet, from a cave they are trapped in, in a no holds or costs barred operation.
What is the difference between these children that could ever justify such divergent treatments? They themselves surely would never be able to answer such a question. But that is all the more reason to ask them. And if they don't understand, how can we? And if we don't understand, why is it happening? Why do we allow it to happen? In Thailand, mankind shows it very much possesses humanity. In the Mediterranean and along the US border, it shows that it has none. The two can't both be true at the same time.
Instead of asking economically struggling countries to act as refugee hosts, European leaders need to solve the problems that cause these refugees to leave their countries in the first place, particularly the unrest that has engulfed many countries, Egyptian specialists said.
See? We all know the answer. What we need is the same courage and selflessness that the cave divers in Thailand have demonstrated over the past week. Yes, one died, bless his soul, but he knew there are more important things than one's own life. One of them is children. Another is honor. And yet another is humanity. Let's make it happen. Let's save them all. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,865 |
Thallium nitrate
Regulatory process names 13 IUPAC names 5 Other identifiers 2
↓Groups:
Mol. formula: NO3Tl
Danger! According to the harmonised classification and labelling (CLP00) approved by the European Union, this substance is fatal if swallowed, is fatal if inhaled, is toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects and may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Industrial Emissions Directive
IPPC, Annexes V, VI, VIII - Provisions relating to industrial plants
EU. Emission Limit Values: Annexes V (combustion plants), VI (waste incineration/co-incineration plants), VIII (TiO2 installations), Dir. 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (IPPC), 17 December 2010
This database contains emission limit values for polluting substances in waste gases and waste water, assigned according to facility type (i.e., combustion plants (Annex V), waste incineration/co-incineration plants (Annex VI), and installations producing titanium dioxide (Annex VIII)), under Directive 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control - IPPC).
Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive
Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex I - ADR
EU. Dangerous Goods List (ADR, Chap. 3.2, Table A), Directive 2008/68/EC, last amended by Regulation 2019/1243/EU, 25 July 2019
This database contains the ADR's Dangerous Goods List, as implemented by the EU's Directive 2008/68/EC. This Directive establishes rules for the safe transport of dangerous goods between EU countries by road, rail, and waterway. It applies the European Agreements on the international transport of dangerous goods by road (ADR) and inland waterways (ADN), and the Regulations concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by rail (RID).
Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex II - RID
EU. Dangerous Goods List (RID, Chap. 3.2, Table A), Directive 2008/68/EC, last amended by Regulation 2019/1243/EU, 25 July 2019
This database contains the RID's Dangerous Goods List, as implemented by the EU's Directive 2008/68/EC. This Directive establishes rules for the safe transport of dangerous goods between EU countries by road, rail, and waterway. It applies the European Agreements on the international transport of dangerous goods by road (ADR) and inland waterways (ADN), and the Regulations concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by rail (RID).
Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex III, ADN
EU. Dangerous Goods List (ADN, Chap. 3.2, Table A), Directive 2008/68/EC, last amended by Regulation 2019/1243/EU, 25 July 2019
This database contains the ADN's Dangerous Goods List, as implemented by the EU's Directive 2008/68/EC. This Directive establishes rules for the safe transport of dangerous goods between EU countries by road, rail, and waterway. It applies the European Agreements on the international transport of dangerous goods by road (ADR) and inland waterways (ADN), and the Regulations concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by rail (RID).
Nitric acid, thallium(1+) salt
Nitric acid, thallium(1+) salt (1:1)
Thallium mononitrate
EC Inventory, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex I - ADR, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex II - RID
Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex III - ADN, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex I - ADR, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex II - RID
Other, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex I - ADR, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex II - RID
Pre-Registration process, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex I - ADR, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex II - RID
Thallium nitrate (VAN)
Thallium nitrate, TlNO3
Thallium(1+) nitrate
Thallium(I) nitrate
Thallium(I) nitrate (1:1)
Thallous nitrate
lambda1-thallanylium nitrate
Thallium(I)-nitrat
thallium-nitrate-
EC Inventory, C&L Inventory, Pre-Registration process, Other, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex III - ADN, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex I - ADR, Inland Transport of Dangerous Goods Directive, Annex II - RID
Group parents
This substance has been identified as member of the following groups of substances:
thallium compounds, with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex - - Expert judgement | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 9,866 |
NOTE: THIS LAW PROPOSAL WAS NEVER PASSED!
NOTA: ESTA PROPUESTA DE LEY NO FUE ACEPTADA!
S. 1618 ES. Re: Anti-Slamming, Anti-Spamming, and Truth in Phone Billing. Passed by Senate, May 12, 1998. Source: Library of Congress.
To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to improve the protection of consumers against 'slamming' by telecommunications carriers, and for other purposes.
This Act may be cited as the 'Anti-slamming Amendments Act'.
SEC. 101. IMPROVED PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS.
(1) IN GENERAL- No telecommunications carrier or reseller of telecommunications services shall submit or execute a change in a subscriber's selection of a provider of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service except in accordance with this section and such verification procedures as the Commission shall prescribe.
(v) to provide such other information as the Commission considers appropriate for the protection of the subscriber.
(v) provide for verification to be made available to a subscriber on request.
(3) ACTION BY UNAFFILIATED RESELLER NOT IMPUTED TO CARRIER- No telecommunications carrier may be found to be in violation of this section solely on the basis of a violation of this section by an unaffiliated reseller of that carrier's services or facilities.
(4) FREEZE OPTION PROTECTED- The Commission may not take action under this section to limit or inhibit a subscriber's ability to require that any change in the subscriber's choice of a provider of interexchange service not be effected unless the change is expressly and directly communicated by the subscriber to the subscriber's existing telephone exchange service provider.
(5) APPLICATION TO WIRELESS- This section does not apply to a provider of commercial 'mobile service.'.
(A) IN GENERAL- A subscriber whose telephone exchange service or telephone toll service is changed in violation of the provisions of this section, or the procedures prescribed under subsection (a), may elect to pay the carrier or reseller previously selected by the subscriber for any such service received after the change in full satisfaction of amounts due from the subscriber to the carrier or reseller providing such service after the change.
(B) PAYMENT RATE- Payment for service under subparagraph (A) shall be at the rate for such service charged by the carrier or reseller previously selected by the subscriber concerned.'.
(2) that the subscriber may request information regarding the date on which the change was agreed to and the name of the individual who authorized the change.
(A) IN GENERAL- The Commission shall prescribe a period of time for a telecommunications carrier or reseller to resolve a complaint by a subscriber concerning an unauthorized change in the subscriber's selection of a provider of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service not in excess of 120 days after the telecommunications carrier or reseller receives notice from the subscriber of the complaint. A subscriber may at any time pursue such a complaint with the Commission, in a State or local administrative or judicial body, or elsewhere.
(iii) provide the subscriber a copy of any evidence in the carrier's or reseller's possession showing that the change in the subscriber's provider of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service was submitted or executed in accordance with the verification procedures prescribed under subsection (a).
(A) DETERMINATION OF VIOLATION- The Commission shall provide a simplified process for resolving complaints under paragraph (1)(B). The simplified procedure shall preclude the use of interrogatories, depositions, discovery, or other procedural techniques that might unduly increase the expense, formality, and time involved in the process. The Commission shall determine whether there has been a violation of subsection (a) and shall issue a decision or ruling at the earliest date practicable, but in no event later than 150 days after the date on which it received the complaint.
(B) DETERMINATION OF DAMAGES AND PENALTIES- If the Commission determines that there has been a violation of subsection (a), it shall issue a decision or ruling determining the amount of the damages and penalties at the earliest practicable date, but in no event later than 90 days after the date on which it issued its decision or ruling under subparagraph (A).
(3) DAMAGES AWARDED BY COMMISSION- If a violation of subsection (a) is found by the Commission, the Commission may award damages equal to the greater of $500 or the amount of actual damages for each violation. The Commission may, in its discretion, increase the amount of the award to an amount equal to not more than 3 times the amount available under the preceding sentence.
(A) DISQUALIFICATION OF PERSONS- Subject to subparagraph (C), any person convicted under section 2328 of title 18, United States Code, in addition to any fines or imprisonment under that section, may not carry out any activities covered by section 214.
(B) DISQUALIFICATION OF COMPANIES- Subject to subparagraph (C), any company substantially controlled by a person convicted under section 2328 of title 18, United States Code, in addition to any fines or imprisonment under that section, may not carry out any activities covered by section 214.
(i) IN GENERAL- The Commission may terminate the application of subparagraph (A) to a person, or subparagraph (B) to a company, if the Commission determines that the termination would be in the public interest.
(ii) EFFECTIVE DATE- The termination of the applicability of subparagraph (A) to a person, or subparagraph (B) to a company, under clause (i) may not take effect earlier than 5 years after the date on which the applicable subparagraph applied to the person or company concerned.
(2) CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT- Any person described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1), or company described in subparagraph (B) of that paragraph, not reinstated under subparagraph (C) of that paragraph shall include with any application to the Commission under section 214 a certification that the person or company, as the case may be, is described in paragraph (1)(A) or (B), as the case may be.
(1) IN GENERAL- Unless the Commission determines that there are mitigating circumstances, violation of subsection (a) is punishable by a forfeiture of not less than $40,000 for the first offense, and not less than $150,000 for each subsequent offense.
(2) FAILURE TO NOTIFY TREATED AS VIOLATION OF SUBSECTION (a)- If a telecommunications carrier or reseller fails to comply with the requirements of subsection (d)(1)(B), then that failure shall be treated as a violation of subsection (a).
(2) on behalf of any subscriber, to collect any damages awarded the subscriber under this section.
(h) CHANGE INCLUDES INITIAL SELECTION- For purposes of this section, the initiation of service to a subscriber by a telecommunications carrier or a reseller shall be treated as a change in a subscriber's selection of a provider of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service.'.
(B) if previously convicted under this paragraph at the time of a subsequent offense, shall be fined in accordance with this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, for such subsequent offense.'.
and for purposes of such an action, subsections (d)(3) and (f)(1) shall be applied by substituting 'the court' for 'the Commission'.
(2) EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF FEDERAL COURTS- The district courts of the United States, the United States courts of any territory, and the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all actions brought under this section. When a State brings an action under this section, the court in which the action is brought has pendant jurisdiction of any claim brought under the law of that State. Upon proper application, such courts shall also have jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus, or orders affording like relief, commanding the defendant to comply with the provisions of this section or regulations prescribed under this section, including the requirement that the defendant take such action as is necessary to remove the danger of such violation. Upon a proper showing, a permanent or temporary injunction or restraining order shall be granted without bond.
(4) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS- Any civil action brought under this subsection in a district court of the United States may be brought in the district wherein the subscriber or defendant is found or is an inhabitant or transacts business or wherein the violation occurred or is occurring, and process in such cases may be served in any district in which the defendant is an inhabitant or where the defendant may be found.
(5) INVESTIGATORY POWERS- For purposes of bringing any civil action under this subsection, nothing in this section shall prevent the attorney general of a State, or an official or agency designated by a State, from exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general or such official by the laws of such State to conduct investigations or to administer oaths or affirmations or to compel the attendance of witnesses or the production of documentary and other evidence.
(1) IN GENERAL- Nothing in this section or in the regulations prescribed under this section shall preempt any State law that imposes more restrictive requirements, regulations, damages, costs, or penalties on changes in a subscriber's service or selection of a provider of telephone exchange service or telephone toll services than are imposed under this section.
(2) EFFECT ON STATE COURT PROCEEDINGS- Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to prohibit an authorized State official from proceeding in State court on the basis of an alleged violation of any general civil or criminal statute of such State or any specific civil or criminal statute of such State not preempted by this section.
(3) LIMITATIONS- Whenever a complaint is pending before the Commission involving a violation of regulations prescribed under this section, no State may, during the pendency of such complaint, institute a civil action against any defendant party to the complaint for any violation affecting the same subscriber alleged in the complaint.
(1) REPORTS REQUIRED- Each telecommunications carrier or reseller shall submit to the Commission, quarterly, a report on the number of complaints of unauthorized changes in providers of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service that are submitted to the carrier or reseller by its subscribers. Each report shall specify each provider of service complained of and the number of complaints relating to such provider.
(2) LIMITATION ON SCOPE- The Commission may not require any information in a report under paragraph (1) other than the information specified in the second sentence of that paragraph.
(3) UTILIZATION- The Commission shall use the information submitted in reports under paragraph (1) to identify telecommunications carriers or resellers that engage in patterns and practices of unauthorized changes in providers of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service.
(1) ATTORNEY GENERAL- The term 'attorney general' means the chief legal officer of a State.
(2) SUBSCRIBER- The term 'subscriber' means the person named on the billing statement or account, or any other person authorized to make changes in the providers of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service.'.
(1) REPORT- Not later than October 31, 1998, the Federal Communications Commission shall submit to Congress a report on unauthorized changes of subscribers' selections of providers of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service.
(A) A list of the 10 telecommunications carriers or resellers that, during the 1-year period ending on the date of the report, were subject to the highest number of complaints of having executed unauthorized changes of subscribers from their selected providers of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service when compared with the total number of subscribers served by such carriers or resellers.
SEC. 102. ADDITIONAL ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY.
Section 504 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 504) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following: 'Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the failure of a person to pay a forfeiture imposed for violation of section 258(a) may be used as a basis for revoking, denying, or limiting that person's operating authority under section 214 or 312.'.
SEC. 103. OBLIGATIONS OF BILLING AGENTS.
SEC. 231. OBLIGATIONS OF TELEPHONE BILLING AGENTS.
(3) show the mailing address of any telecommunications carrier or reseller or other company whose charges are reflected on the bill.
(b) KNOWING INCLUSION OF UNAUTHORIZED OR IMPROPER CHARGES PROHIBITED- A billing agent may not submit charges for telecommunications services or other services to a subscriber if the billing agent knows, or should know, that the subscriber did not authorize the charges or that the charges are otherwise improper.'.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE- The amendment made by subsection (a) applies to bills to subscribers for telecommunications services sent to subscribers more than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 104. FCC JURISDICTION OVER BILLING SERVICE PROVIDERS.
SEC. 277. JURISDICTION OVER BILLING SERVICE PROVIDERS.
The Commission has jurisdiction to assess and recover any penalty imposed under title V of this Act against an entity not a telecommunications carrier or reseller to the extent that entity provides billing services for the provision of telecommunications services, or for services other than telecommunications services that appear on a subscriber's telephone bill for telecommunications services, but the Commission may assess and recover such penalties only if that entity knowingly or willfully violates the provisions of this Act or any rule or order of the Commission.'.
(a) IN GENERAL- The Federal Communications Commission shall issue a report within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act on the telemarketing and other solicitation practices used by telecommunications carriers or resellers or their agents or employees for the purpose of changing the telephone exchange service or telephone toll service provider of a subscriber.
(3) whether wireless carriers should continue to be exempt from the requirements imposed by section 258 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 258).
(c) RULEMAKING- If the Commission determines that particular telemarketing or other solicitation practices are being used with the intention to mislead, deceive, or confuse subscribers and that they are likely to mislead, deceive, or confuse subscribers, then the Commission shall initiate a rulemaking to prohibit the use of such practices within 120 days after the completion of its report.
SEC. 106. DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RECORDS FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF TELEMARKETING FRAUD.
(iv) submits a formal written request relevant to a law enforcement investigation concerning telemarketing fraud for the name, address, and place of business of a subscriber or customer of such provider, which subscriber or customer is engaged in telemarketing (as such term is in section 2325 of this title).'.
SEC. 201. REQUIREMENT FOR SURETY BONDS FROM TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIERS OPERATING AS SWITCHLESS RESELLERS.
SEC. 232. SURETY BONDS FROM TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIERS OPERATING AS SWITCHLESS RESELLERS.
(a) REQUIREMENT- Under such regulations as the Commission shall prescribe, any telecommunications carrier operating or seeking to operate as a switchless reseller shall furnish to the Commission a surety bond in a form and an amount determined by the Commission to be satisfactory for purposes of this section.
(b) SURETY- A surety bond furnished pursuant to this section shall be issued by a surety corporation that meets the requirements of section 9304 of title 31, United States Code.
(1) Any fine or penalty imposed against the carrier concerned while operating as a switchless reseller as a result of a violation of the provisions of section 258 (relating to unauthorized changes in subscriber selections to telecommunications carriers).
(2) Any penalty imposed against the carrier under this section.
(3) Any other fine or penalty, including a forfeiture penalty, imposed against the carrier under this Act.
(d) RESIDENT AGENT- A telecommunications carrier operating as a switchless reseller that is not domiciled in the United States shall designate a resident agent in the United States for receipt of service of judicial and administrative process, including subpoenas.
(C) for a violation of section 258 while operating as a switchless reseller.
(2) ADDITIONAL PENALTIES- In addition to suspension under paragraph (1), any telecommunications carrier operating as a switchless reseller that fails to furnish or maintain a surety bond under this section shall be subject to any forfeiture provided for under sections 503 and 504.
(B) in the case of a switchless reseller not domiciled in the United States, has designated an agent under subsection (d).
(A) PENALTY- Any common carrier or billing agent that knowingly and willfully provides billing services to a switchless reseller in violation of paragraph (1) shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty not to exceed $50,000.
(B) APPLICABILITY- For purposes of subparagraph (A), the provision of services to any particular reseller in violation of paragraph (1) shall constitute a separate violation of that paragraph.
(3) COMMISSION AUTHORITY TO ASSESS AND COLLECT PENALTIES- The Commission shall have the authority to assess and collect any penalty provided for under this subsection upon a finding by the Commission of a violation of paragraph (1).
(A) IN GENERAL- The Commission may from time to time review the activities of a telecommunications carrier that has furnished a surety bond under this section for purposes of determining whether or not to retain the bond under this section.
(B) STANDARDS OF REVIEW- The Commission shall prescribe any standards applicable to its review of activities under this paragraph.
(C) FIRST REVIEW- The Commission may not first review the activities of a carrier under subparagraph (A) before the date that is 3 years after the date on which the carrier furnishes the bond concerned under this section.
(2) RETURN- The Commission may return a surety bond as a result of a review under this subsection.
(1) BILLING AGENT- The term 'billing agent' means any entity (other than a telecommunications carrier) that provides billing services for services provided by a telecommunications carrier, or other services, if charges for such services appear on the bill of a subscriber for telecommunications services.
(2) SWITCHLESS RESELLER- The term 'switchless reseller' means a telecommunications carrier that resells the switched telecommunications service of another telecommunications carrier without the use of any switching facilities under its own ownership or control.
(i) DETARIFFING AUTHORITY NOT IMPAIRED- Nothing in this section is intended to prohibit the Commission from adopting rules providing for the permissive detariffing of long-distance telephone companies, if the Commission determines that such permissive detariffing would otherwise serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity.'.
(C) A statement that further transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail to the recipient by the person who initiates transmission of the message may be stopped at no cost to the recipient by sending a reply to the originating electronic mail address with the word 'remove' in the subject line.
SEC. 302. FEDERAL OVERSIGHT OF UNSOLICITED COMMERCIAL ELECTRONIC MAIL.
(iv) proceed under any combination of the authorities set forth in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii).
(2) DEADLINE- The Commission may not take action under paragraph (1)(B) with respect to a transmission of electronic mail more than 2 years after the date of the transmission.
(1) NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC MEANS- The Commission shall establish an Internet web site with an electronic mail address for the receipt of notices under subsection (a).
(2) INFORMATION ON ENFORCEMENT- The Commission shall make available through the Internet web site established under paragraph (1) information on the actions taken by the Commission under subsection (a)(1)(B).
(3) ASSISTANCE OF OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES- Other Federal agencies may assist the Commission in carrying out its duties under this section.
SEC. 303. ACTIONS BY STATES.
(a) IN GENERAL- Whenever the attorney general of a State has reason to believe that the interests of the residents of the State have been or are being threatened or adversely affected because any person is engaging in a pattern or practice of the transmission of electronic mail in violation of a provision of section 301 or 305, the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of its residents to enjoin such transmission, to enforce compliance with such provision, to obtain damages or other compensation on behalf of its residents, or to obtain such further and other relief as the court considers appropriate.
(1) NOTICE- The State shall serve prior written notice of any civil action under this section on the Commission and provide the Commission with a copy of its complaint, except that if it is not feasible for the State to provide such prior notice, the State shall serve written notice immediately on instituting such action.
(c) ACTIONS BY COMMISSION- Whenever a civil action has been instituted by or on behalf of the Commission for violation of a provision of section 301 or 305, no State may, during the pendency of such action, institute a civil action under this section against any defendant named in the complaint in such action for violation of any provision as alleged in the complaint.
(d) CONSTRUCTION- For purposes of bringing a civil action under subsection (a), nothing in this section shall prevent an attorney general from exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the laws of the State concerned to conduct investigations or to administer oaths or affirmations or to compel the attendance of witnesses or the production of documentary or other evidence.
(e) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS- Any civil action brought under subsection (a) in a district court of the United States may be brought in the district in which the defendant is found, is an inhabitant, or transacts business or wherever venue is proper under section 1391 of title 28, United States Code. Process in such an action may be served in any district in which the defendant is an inhabitant or in which the defendant may be found.
(f) ACTIONS BY OTHER STATE OFFICIALS- Nothing in this section may be construed to prohibit an authorized State official from proceeding in State court on the basis of an alleged violation of any civil or criminal statute of the State concerned.
(2) STATE- The term 'State' means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and any possession of the United States.
SEC. 304. INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SERVICE PROVIDERS.
(B) the transmission is not made to its own customers.
(2) CONSTRUCTION- Nothing in this subsection may be construed to require an interactive computer service provider to transmit or otherwise deliver any electronic mail message.
(1) IN GENERAL- In addition to any other remedies available under any other provision of law, any interactive computer service provider adversely affected by a violation of a provision of section 301 or 305 may, within 1 year after discovery of the violation, bring a civil action in a district court of the United States against a person who violates such provision. Such an action may be brought to enjoin the violation, to enforce compliance with such provision, to obtain damages, or to obtain such further and other relief as the court considers appropriate.
(A) IN GENERAL- The amount of damages in an action under this subsection for a violation specified in paragraph (1) may not exceed $15,000 per violation.
(B) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER DAMAGES- Damages awarded for a violation under this subsection are in addition to any other damages awardable for the violation under any other provision of law.
(C) COST AND FEES- The court may, in issuing any final order in any action brought under paragraph (1), award costs of suit, reasonable costs of obtaining service of process, reasonable attorney fees, and expert witness fees for the prevailing party.
(3) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS- Any civil action brought under paragraph (1) in a district court of the United States may be brought in the district in which the defendant or in which the interactive computer service provider is located, is an inhabitant, or transacts business or wherever venue is proper under section 1391 of title 28, United States Code. Process in such an action may be served in any district in which the defendant is an inhabitant or in which the defendant may be found.
(c) INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SERVICE PROVIDER DEFINED- In this section, the term interactive computer service provider' has the meaning given the term 'interactive computer service' in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230(e)(2)).
SEC. 305. RECEIPT OF TRANSMISSIONS BY PRIVATE PERSONS.
(a) TERMINATION OF TRANSMISSIONS- A person who receives from any other person an electronic mail message requesting the termination of further transmission of commercial electronic mail shall cease the initiation of further transmissions of such mail to the person making the request.
(1) IN GENERAL- Subject to paragraph (2), a person may authorize another person to initiate transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail to the person.
(2) AVAILABILITY OF TERMINATION- A person initiating transmissions of electronic mail under paragraph (1) shall include, with each transmission of such mail to a person authorizing the transmission under that paragraph, the information specified in section 301(a)(2)(C).
(1) IN GENERAL- Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), a person who secures a good or service from, or otherwise responds electronically to, an offer in a transmission of unsolicited commercial electronic mail shall be deemed to have authorized the initiation of transmissions of unsolicited commercial electronic mail from the person who initiated the transmission.
(2) NO AUTHORIZATION FOR REQUESTS FOR TERMINATION- An electronic mail request to cease the initiation of further transmissions of electronic mail under subsection (a) shall not constitute authorization for the initiation of further electronic mail under this subsection.
(3) AVAILABILITY OF TERMINATION- A person initiating transmissions of electronic mail under paragraph (1) shall include, with each transmission of such mail to a person deemed to have authorized the transmission under that paragraph, the information specified in section 301(a)(2)(C).
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE OF TERMINATION REQUIREMENTS- Subsections (a), (b)(2), and (c)(3) shall take effect 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
(C) promotes the use of or contains a list of one or more Internet sites that contain an advertisement referred to in subparagraph (A) or a solicitation referred to in subparagraph (B).
(2) COMMISSION- The term 'Commission' means the Federal Trade Commission.
(3) the term 'initiate the transmission' in the case of an electronic mail message means to originate the electronic mail message, and does not encompass any intervening interactive computer service whose facilities may have been used to relay, handle, or otherwise retransmit the electronic mail message, unless the intervening interactive computer service provider knowingly and intentionally retransmits any electronic mail in violation of section 301 or 305.
SEC. 401. ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS REGARDING CITIZENS BAND RADIO EQUIPMENT.
(A) A regulation that prohibits a use of citizens band radio equipment not authorized by the Commission.
(B) A regulation that prohibits the unauthorized operation of citizens band radio equipment on a frequency between 24 MHz and 35 MHz.
(2) Possession of a station license issued by the Commission pursuant to section 301 in any radio service for the operation at issue shall preclude action by a State or local government under this subsection.
(3) The Commission shall provide technical guidance to State and local governments regarding the detection and determination of violations of the regulations specified in paragraph (1).
(4)(A) In addition to any other remedy authorized by law, a person affected by the decision of a State or local government enforcing a regulation under paragraph (1) may submit to the Commission an appeal of the decision on the grounds that the State or local government, as the case may be, acted outside the authority provided in this subsection.
(B) A person shall submit an appeal on a decision of a State or local government to the Commission under this paragraph, if at all, not later than 30 days after the date on which the decision by the State or local government becomes final.
(C) The Commission shall make a determination on an appeal submitted under subparagraph (B) not later than 180 days after its submittal.
(D) If the Commission determines under subparagraph (C) that a State or local government has acted outside its authority in enforcing a regulation, the Commission shall reverse the decision enforcing the regulation.
(5) The enforcement of a regulation by a State or local government under paragraph (1) in a particular case shall not preclude the Commission from enforcing the regulation in that case concurrently.
(6) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to diminish or otherwise affect the jurisdiction of the Commission under this section over devices capable of interfering with radio communications.'.
SEC. 402. MODIFICATION OF EXCEPTION TO PROHIBITION ON INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATIONS.
(a) MODIFICATION- Section 2511(2)(d) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 'Notwithstanding the previous sentence, it shall not be unlawful under this chapter for a person not acting under the color of law to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication between a health insurance issuer or health plan and a subscriber of such issuer or plan, or between a health care provider and a patient, only if all of the parties to the communication have given prior express consent to such interception. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term health insurance issuer' has the meaning given that term in section 733 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1191b), the term 'health plan' means a group health plan, as defined in such section of such Act, an individual or self-insured health plan, the medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.), the medicaid program under title XIX of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.), the State children's health insurance program under title XXI of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1397aa et seq.), and the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services under chapter 55 of title 10, and the term health care provider' means a physician or other health care professional.'.
(1) COMMUNICATION WITHOUT RECORDING OR MONITORING- Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a health insurance issuer, health plan, or health care provider that notifies any customer of its intent to record or monitor any communication with such customer shall provide the customer the option to conduct the communication without being recorded or monitored by the health insurance issuer, health plan, or health care provider.
(A) HEALTH CARE PROVIDER- The term 'health care provider' means a physician or other health care professional.
(B) HEALTH INSURANCE ISSUER- The term 'health insurance issuer' has the meaning given that term in section 733 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1191b).
(vi) the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services under chapter 55 of title 10, United States Code.
SEC. 403. CONSUMER TRUTH IN BILLING DISCLOSURE ACT.
(1) Billing practices by telecommunications carriers may not reflect accurately the cost or basis of the additional telecommunications services and benefits that consumers receive as a result of the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-104) and other Federal regulatory actions taken since the enactment of that Act.
(2) The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was not intended to allow providers of telecommunications services to misrepresent to customers the costs of providing services or the services provided.
(3) Certain providers of telecommunications services have established new, specific charges on customer bills commonly known as 'line-item charges'.
(4) Certain providers of telecommunications services have described such charges as 'Federal Universal Service Fees' or similar fees.
(5) Such charges have generated significant confusion among customers regarding the nature of and scope of universal service and of the fees associated with universal service.
(6) The State of New York is considering action to protect consumers by requiring telecommunications carriers to disclose fully in the bills of all classes of customers the fee increases and fee reductions resulting from the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and other regulatory actions taken since the enactment of that Act.
(7) The National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners adopted a resolution in February 1998 supporting action by the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Trade Commission to protect consumers of telecommunications services by assuring accurate cost reporting and billing practices by telecommunications carriers nationwide.
(4) disclose, upon subscription, total monthly charges, usage charges, percentage charges, and premiums for each class of customers (including residential basic service, customers of other residential service, small business customers, and other business customers).
Passed the Senate May 12, 1998. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 9,867 |
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