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Ship chandler A ship chandler (or ship's chandler) is a retail dealer who specialises in supplies or equipment for ships, known as ship's stores. For traditional sailing ships, items that could be found in a chandlery might include sail-cloth, rosin, turpentine, tar, pitch (resin), linseed oil, whale oil, tallow, lard, varnish, twine, rope and cordage, hemp, oakum, tools (hatchet, axe, hammer, chisel, planes, lantern, nail, spike, boat hook, caulking iron, hand pump, marlinspike), brooms, mops, galley supplies, leather goods, and paper. In the days of sail ship chandlers on remote islands, such as St. Helena, were responsible for delivering re-supplies of water and fresh produce (fruit and vegetables) to stave off scurvy. The ship chandlery business was central to the existence and the social and political dynamics of ports and their waterfront areas. Today's chandlers deal more in goods typical for fuel-powered commercial ships, such as oil tankers, container ships, and bulk carriers. They supply the crew's food, ship's maintenance supplies, cleaning compounds, rope, et cetera. The advantage of a ship's crew using a chandler is that they do not have to find stores in the town they have landed in, nor hold that local currency - assuming they are let out of the dock compound by the immigration authorities. Typically, the ship owner has a line of credit with the chandler and is billed for anything delivered to the crew of his ship. Chandlers are supplied by merchants close to wherever they happen to be. Their distinguishing feature is the high level of service demanded and the short time required to fill and deliver their special orders. Because commercial ships discharge and turn around quickly, delay is expensive and the services of a dependable ship chandler are urgent. Portuguese Ship chandler established in 1932 Ship chandler A ship chandler | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest (26 January 1701 – 14 July 1754) was a French Foreign Minister. Born into an old Norman family that had helped keep the city of Caen allied to Louis XIII, in 1620, François-Dominique, son of Councilor of State-Claude Dominique Barberie de Saint Contest was named King's attorney at the Chatelet in Paris, 27 November 1721, and advisor to Parliament (1724), master of requests, advisor to the Hotel de Ville (1728), steward of Beam (1737), Caen (1739) and Dijon, from 1740 to 1749. On 15 July 1749, he was appointed as Ambassador of France in Switzerland, and like Champeaux, resident in France to Geneva, Switzerland to discuss the contentious issues relating to the territories located in Geneva Gex. Appointed Ambassador of France to Holland, in the winter 1749, he went to The Hague, in September the following year. He soon returned from his embassy at the request of the Marquise de Pompadour, who appointed him, on 11 September 1751, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, on the resignation the Marquis de Puisieux. In this department, he worked to set up against Austria, Russia and England, an alliance comprising France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia and Turkey. He also blamed later for not maintaining the system, with Marquise de Pompadour, the Marshal de Noailles, the Marquis de Saint-Severin. In the twilight of his life, he was made provost and master of ceremonies of the king's orders, on 12 May 1754. He married, on 27 September 1735, Monique Jeanne, who had a salon in Dijon. Among their children there: François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest (26 January 1701 – 14 July 1754) was a French Foreign Minister. Born into an old Norman family that had helped | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Legend of the Five Rings (collectible card game) Legend of the Five Rings (L5R) is an out-of-print collectible card game created by Alderac Entertainment Group in 1995 and published until 2015, when it was announced that the game would be discontinued for a rules-incompatible successor that will be part of Fantasy Flight Games' Living Card Game line. "L5R" takes place in the fictional empire of Rokugan from the "Legend of the Five Rings" setting, where several clans and factions vie for domination over the empire. The card game shares some similarities with "" but has its own game mechanics and flavor, providing "passive" win conditions like the Enlightenment Victory, as well as a version of "Magic"'s goal of destroying the opponent. Games can be very long, with some matches lasting hours. A major distinctive feature of the game is the importance of the storyline: new fiction pieces advancing the story of Rokugan are published on a weekly basis, in addition to being released with every expansion, and in a quarterly publication, the "Imperial Herald". Many of these stories reflect the result of tournaments, where players use their decks to determine which faction will claim a particular prize within the storyline. Two novel lines, covering the Clan War and Four Winds arcs, have been published. "Legend of the Five Rings" has garnered many accolades throughout the years, including several Origins awards (such as the most recent 2008 award for best CCG with "Samurai Edition") and the 2008 Scrye Players Choice Best CCG Award for "Samurai Edition". The game was created by Alderac Entertainment Group and published by Isomedia. It was first previewed at Gen Con in 1995, followed by the release of the first set, "Imperial Edition", in October of that year, beginning the Clan War arc. Five Rings Publishing Group (FRPG) took over the intellectual property shortly thereafter, before being purchased by Wizards of the Coast in 1997. In 2000, at the behest of Wizards' mother company, Hasbro, the intellectual property to the game was put up for sale. Alderac Entertainment acquired the rights to publish the game in 2001, and full rights over the game within the following years, and have since published the game. The release of "Lotus Edition" (in 2005) and "Samurai Edition" (2007) saw extensive changes to several aspects of the game. Originally, cards featured intricately ornate front sides, while the back of the card, either black or green, featured five interlocked rings and the words "Legend of the Five Rings". Starting with the release of "Pearl Edition" in 1999, the card fronts were changed to a simpler, cleaner look that allowed for more card text, as well as returning the visual focus of the card on the art, rather than the borders of the card. Following a legal issue with the International Olympic Committee, which has trademark-like rights in the United States to all designs featuring five interlocking rings, it was agreed that Wizards of the Coast would change the card back. This was done with "The Spirit Wars" in 2000, when the design was changed to five non-interlocking circular symbols depicting each of the five elements of the game (Fire, Air, Earth, Water and Void). The card fronts were redesigned for a second time in 2008. There are a number of different factions that a player may use in "Legend of the Five Rings". Each faction has different strengths and weaknesses and often can use one or more different paths to victory. At various times in the game's history, factions have been added and removed for storyline reasons, simplification of mechanics for newer players or power-level reasons. At the time of "Imperial Edition" six factions were included: Crab, Crane, Dragon, Lion, Phoenix and Unicorn. The most recent arc, "Emperor Edition", features the six original factions and three others: Mantis, Scorpion, and Spider. In addition to the playable factions, several minor clans exist in Rokugan, each with a purpose and task given to them by the Emperor and some card and storyline support. They include the Badger Clan, Bat Clan, Boar Clan, Dragonfly Clan, Falcon Clan (now the Toritaka family of the Crab), Fox Clan, Hare Clan, Kolat, Monkey Clan, Oriole Clan, Snake Clan (now the evil Chuda Family of the Spider clan), Sparrow Clan, Tortoise Clan, and Wasp Clan. "Legend of the Five Rings" can be played with any number of players, although two to four are most common. Unlike most CCGs, which are geared towards one-on-one duels, "L5R" was designed with multi-player matches in mind. Each player represents a leader of one of the factions battling for power. Each player has two decks that are kept separate during play: One "Dynasty" deck, consisting of black-backed cards, and one "Fate" deck, consisting of green-backed cards. Each deck must contain at least 40 cards, with no upper limit. No deck may contain more than three of any particular card, and no more than one of any particular "unique" card. In addition to a Fate deck and a Dynasty deck, each player must choose one Stronghold card to represent his or her faction and ancestral home. At the beginning of a game, all players start by simultaneously revealing their chosen stronghold. The family honor value printed on the stronghold determines play order, with the highest value going first. If a tie occurs, a random method such as a die roll or coin toss is used. Each player shuffles his or her Fate and Dynasty decks, and places them some distance apart on the game surface. Players then place the first four cards of their Dynasty deck face down on the table in front of them next to each other, between their two decks. This represents their "provinces", the lands their clan control. Finally, each player draws five Fate cards and places them in his or her "hand". The two most important type of card in the game are the "personality" and the "holding". Personalities represent warriors, courtiers, scholars, monks and creatures of the empire. Almost every personality card has a unique name corresponding to a character in the story of "Legend of the Five Rings"; many characters have several versions, representing the evolution of the character over the course of the story. Many cards require a personality in play to be played; in addition, Personalities are necessary in order to attack or defend. Holdings, meanwhile, are used to produce "gold", which is in turn used to pay for further cards. At the beginning of each of his or her turns, during the "Straighten Phase", a player straightens all bowed (turned 90 degrees to indicate using an effect) cards he or she currently controls. During the "Events Phase", a player turns all of the face-down Dynasty cards in his or her provinces face-up. If these cards are "regions" or "events", they immediately take effect. Regions (representing places in Rokugan) modify the province they are revealed in, while events (representing rare specific occurrences) have one global effect before being immediately discarded. Whenever a province becomes empty, the top card of the Dynasty deck is put into it, face-down. The player then proceeds to the "Action Phase", where he or she may purchase a variety of cards to improve personalities he or she controls. These cards, collectively known as attachments, are "items" (such as weapons and armor), "followers" (representing troops and retainers), "spells", and "ancestors" (guiding spirits). During the limited phase, the player may also use certain abilities on cards in play or on "action" cards in hand; the latter are discarded when used. Other players may also take actions during this phase, but the abilities available to them are more limited. The player then has the option of attacking opponents in the "Attack Phase". If he or she does so, the attacking and defending players takes turn "assigning" personalities they control to attack or defend the defending player's provinces. The attacking player assigns first, allowing the defending player | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
cards to improve personalities he or she controls. These cards, collectively known as attachments, are "items" (such as weapons and armor), "followers" (representing troops and retainers), "spells", and "ancestors" (guiding spirits). During the limited phase, the player may also use certain abilities on cards in play or on "action" cards in hand; the latter are discarded when used. Other players may also take actions during this phase, but the abilities available to them are more limited. The player then has the option of attacking opponents in the "Attack Phase". If he or she does so, the attacking and defending players takes turn "assigning" personalities they control to attack or defend the defending player's provinces. The attacking player assigns first, allowing the defending player to position his or her cards in response to the attacking player's choices. Once all assignment is done, the battles at each province are played out, with players using abilities on cards they control or in hand in turn until both players pass; the battle is then resolved with the side having the highest total force becoming victorious. All cards on the losing side are destroyed; if the defending player loses, the province may also be destroyed. Destroyed provinces cannot hold Dynasty cards. Once all battles (if any) are played out, the game moves on to the "Dynasty Phase". The player may purchase face-up personality or holding cards in his or her provinces. The abilities of newly purchased holdings generally cannot be used until the beginning of their controller's next turn, whereas those of personalities can be used immediately. Once a player has no further actions, he or she draws a card from the Fate deck, then the turn ends. There are several ways to achieve victory or defeat in "Legend of the Five Rings". A player may win the game by having his or her "honor" score (representing the public view of his or her clan) reach over 40, at which point he or she will win the game by an "honor victory" at the beginning of his or her next turn. A player may also win by playing all of the titular "five rings", representing philosophical mastery of the universe; such a victory is called the "enlightenment victory". Another way to achieve victory is by eliminating all opposing players from the game. Players can be eliminated in two ways. The first is to destroy all of a player's provinces ("military victory") while the second involves reducing another player's honor score below -19 ("dishonor victory"). Until "Samurai Edition", published in 2007, victory by eliminating other players was termed "military victory" regardless of how the elimination was achieved. In addition, several cards offer alternate, unique paths to victory or defeat, and certain factions are similarly immune to winning or losing the game in some ways. The history, story, and organized play rules of "L5R" are divided into a series of "arcs". The beginning of each new arc redefines which cards may be used in tournament formats. Arcs typically begin with the publication of a base set of 300 or more cards, primarily reprinted older cards, followed by the release of several expansions of 50 to 180 new cards, and one "promotional set", of variable size, which is sold directly to players by the manufacturer. Often, the last few expansions of one arc will be legal for play in the next arc; such cards are referred to as "dual bugged", with circular indicators ("bugs") at the bottom of the card indicating their legality. "Learn to play sets" are standalone releases that allow new players to be easily introduced to the game. Several learn to play sets have been released over the course of the game's history. Generally, these sets feature particular flavor text and promotional cards relating to a specific event in the storyline. The Clan War arc began in October 1995 with the release of "Imperial Edition". It initially had six legal factions for play ("Crab Clan", "Crane Clan", "Dragon Clan", "Lion Clan", "Phoenix Clan" and "Unicorn Clan"). Later expansions added six more : the "Naga" and "Scorpion Clan" in "Shadowlands", "Toturi's Army" and "Yogo Junzo's Army" in "Anvil of Despair", and "Yoritomo's Alliance" and "The Brotherhood of Shinsei" in "Crimson and Jade". The learn to play set "Battle at Beiden Pass" was released in November 1996. The arc (and the game as a whole) was originally intended to end with "Time of the Void", but was extended due to its popularity and ended with the release of "Scorpion Clan Coup". This arc began in May 1998 with the release of "Jade Edition". It contained originally all twelve factions playable at the end of the Clan War arc, to which were later added the "Ninja" in "Dark Journey Home", the "Ratlings" in "Heroes of Rokugan", and the "Spirits" in "The Spirit Wars". "Heroes of Rokugan" was the first promotional set, depicting certain past figures of Rokugan's history. The learn to play sets were "Siege of Sleeping Mountain" (May 1999) and "Storms over Matsu Palace" (July 2000). This arc began in July 2001 with the release of "Gold Edition". Several factions were removed from the game, to retain only eight: the original six factions from "Imperial Edition", the Scorpion Clan, and the "Shadowlands Horde" (until then known as Yogo Junzo's Army). In addition, all cards in "Heroes of Rokugan" remained legal for play. Later, in the "Dark Allies" expansion, Yoritomo's Alliance was re-introduced as the "Mantis Clan". The promotional set was "A Thousand Years of Darkness", depicting an alternate timeline where the Shadowlands Horde ruled over Rokugan. Instead of a learn to play set, during "The L5R Experience" (July 2002), simple demonstration decks were freely distributed. This arc began in October 2003 with the release of "Diamond Edition". It featured all the factions of the Four Winds arc (including Ratling), this time all fully supported. The promotional set was "Dawn of the Empire", depicting events surrounding the creation of Rokugan. The learn to play set was "The Training Grounds" (November 2003). This arc began in October 2005 with the release of "Lotus Edition". Several significant rules changes marked this release, redefining several key concepts of the game. A new faction, the "Spider Clan", was introduced at the very end of the Age of Enlightenment, with the release of "The Truest Test". The promotional set was "Test of Enlightenment", which, unlike previous promotional sets, depicted current events, focused on results of the 2006 tournament season. The learn to play set was "The Training Grounds II" (July 2006). This arc began in July 2007 with the release of "Samurai Edition". It featured significant faction changes, with the removal of the Ratlings and the Shadowlands Horde. The latter group was replaced with the newly introduced Spider Clan. The promotional set for the Samurai arc was "The Emerald and Jade Champions", again depicting current events within the game, this time centered on the results of the 2007 World Championship. This arc did not feature a learn to play set. The arc began in June 2009 with the release of "Celestial Edition". The story begins with events following the tournament story line of "The War of Dark Fire". The promotional set was "Forgotten Legacy". A bit apart from the other learn to play sets were "The Imperial Gift (Part 1 to 3)", released in August 2009 and distributed through Stronghold Stores as free sets. The learn to play set was "Battle of Kyuden Tonbo" (September 2010), featuring decks for Lion and Dragon. This arc began with "Emperor Edition". Originally scheduled for release November 2011, it was delayed until February 2012. The learn to play set, "Honor and Treachery" (December 2012), depicts a set of battles between the Phoenix and Scorpion clans. This arc began with "Ivory Edition", which released on March 24, 2014. The Ivory Edition seeks to streamline the rules and make the card text easier to read and understand. AEG is making | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
story line of "The War of Dark Fire". The promotional set was "Forgotten Legacy". A bit apart from the other learn to play sets were "The Imperial Gift (Part 1 to 3)", released in August 2009 and distributed through Stronghold Stores as free sets. The learn to play set was "Battle of Kyuden Tonbo" (September 2010), featuring decks for Lion and Dragon. This arc began with "Emperor Edition". Originally scheduled for release November 2011, it was delayed until February 2012. The learn to play set, "Honor and Treachery" (December 2012), depicts a set of battles between the Phoenix and Scorpion clans. This arc began with "Ivory Edition", which released on March 24, 2014. The Ivory Edition seeks to streamline the rules and make the card text easier to read and understand. AEG is making a serious attempt to lower the entry barrier for new players (the complexity level has been seen as a stumbling block to attracting new players) while at the same time, retaining the richness and deep play that veteran L5R players have come to love. The learn to play set is "A matter of Honor" featuring the newly rewritten core rules of Ivory Edition. The clans featured in the learn to play set "A Matter of Honor" are the Crab Clan and the Lion Clan. Wolfgang Baur comments: "In the case of collectible card games, the outstanding title after "Magic: The Gathering" is "Legend of the Five Rings" (known to its fans as "L5R"). It inspires loyalty and devotion in those fans unlike any other CCG, and for good reason." According to Matt Wilson of Alderac, the game had a strong following in Philadelphia and "towards New York" as well as stating "we own southern California". Legend of the Five Rings (collectible card game) Legend of the Five Rings (L5R) is an out-of-print collectible card game created by Alderac Entertainment Group in 1995 | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Hiatea In many campaign settings for the "Dungeons & Dragons" role-playing game, Hiatea (hee-AH-tee-uh) is the giant deity of nature, agriculture, hunting, females, and children. Her symbol is a flaming spear. Hiatea was first detailed in the book "Monster Mythology" (1992), including details about her priesthood. Her role in the giant pantheon of the Forgotten Realms setting is detailed in "Giantcraft" (1995). Hiatea appears in 3rd edition in "Defenders of the Faith" (2000). Her priesthood is detailed for this edition in "Complete Divine" (2004). Hiatea takes the form of a tanned, lithe giantess with long legs, wearing leather armor and carrying a spear that flames on her command, a bow, and a quiver of arrows. Her hair is red-golden, and her large eyes are hazel-brown. She is sometimes said to have used her spear to slay an enormous hydra, preventing its heads from regenerating by cauterizing them with fire. She is strong, confident, and an exceptional hunter. Hiatea has two aspects. From her firbolg upbringing, she has an affinity for community, agriculture, and family. Once she discovered her true patrimony (another myth said it was due to Stronmaus' teasing), she reinvented herself as a mighty hunter and protector. In many campaign settings, the giantish pantheon of gods consists of the leader Annam, as well as Grolantor, Hiatea, Iallanis, Karontor, Memnor, Skoraeus Stonebones, and Stronmaus. Other powers worshipped by giants or giant-type creatures include Baphomet, Kostchtchie, and Vaprak. Hiatea is a daughter of Annam. Her mother was an unnamed sky goddess or, according to some myths, a mortal giant. Annam originally preferred sons over daughters, and used magic to ensure the gender of his offspring was male. Hiatea's mother hid her pregnancy from Annam and had her daughter raised by firbolgs so that Annam would never learn of her existence. When she came of age, a messenger was sent from her mother's deathbed to tell Hiatea of her true parentage. Hiatea proved herself with a series of daring feats, cumulating in an epic battle with a great monster, sometimes named as a Lernaean hydra with fifty heads and sometimes as the Tarrasque. She brought a trophy of her kill to her father, who recognized her valor and worth, accepting her as one of his own offspring. Upon learning of her existence, her brother Stronmaus celebrated by creating mighty storms that flooded the worlds and washed away great evils. Hiatea's other siblings or half-siblings include Skoraeus Stonebones, Surtr, Thrym, Grolantor, Karontor, Iallanis, Diancastra, and possibly Vaprak and Memnor. Because of her patronage of the wood giants, Hiatea she has begun to develop real friendships with some of the elven deities, notably Solonor Thelandira, whom she often engages with in archery contests. Hiatea lives in "Woodhaven" on the wild, rugged layer of "Eronia" on the plane of Elysium. She often journeys to the Beastlands on hunting expeditions, impressing all who dwell there. Hiatea teaches that Nature is both creator and destroyer, and that admitting defeat is the worst shame a giant can bear. Still, some prices are too high to pay even for victory, for Hiatea is a goddess with tendencies toward good. Hiatea is worshipped by giants of all species, especially females. Firbolgs and voadkyn (wood giants) of both genders are particularly fond of Hiatea, and consider her to be their special patron. Hiatea's priests typically have one of two roles, although the boundary between the two can occasionally be fuzzy. There are the community priests ("priests of the steadings") who tend to agriculture and the raising, protection, and education of children; there are also the protector (or sentinel) priests who patrol woodlands and forests and keeping an eye on other races. Her voadkyn protector priests go out of their way to maintain relations with the wood elves. Among the firbolg, female clerics may be somewhat more numerous than male ones, though males and females are considered of equal merit in all of Hiatea's sects. The highest priests of Hiatea belong to no community, visiting the giant steadings only to issue orders to the priests of the community. Hiatea communicates frequently with her priests and shamans, sending omens in the form of distinctive shapes in the fires, or in flaming spheres within dying embers. Her community priests may see omens in the dreams of children. She may also send omens in the form of a gigantic (2-foot wingspan) yellow-gold moth that will spiral around flame. Her priests perceive messages in its path of flight. Those who capture the moth alive will be invisible in woodlands for days. All of Hiatea's clerics must be capable of surviving and hunting in the wilderness. Those who lose this ability due to age, injury, or other ailment must retire. Hiatea's favored weapon is the spear. Once a month or so, the community priests accompany the sentinel priests and the faithful on a ceremonial hunt. Once a year, usually in the spring, they select a particularly challenging creature to kill. Making family decisions without consulting a community priest of Hiatea is considered a minor sin by the faithful. Hiatea In many campaign settings for the "Dungeons & Dragons" role-playing game, Hiatea (hee-AH-tee-uh) is the giant deity of nature, agriculture, hunting, females, and children. Her symbol is a flaming spear. Hiatea was first detailed in the book "Monster Mythology" (1992), including details about her priesthood. Her role in the giant pantheon of the Forgotten Realms setting is detailed | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Thaana Thaana, Taana or Tāna ( in Tāna script) is the present writing system of the Maldivian language spoken in the Maldives. Thaana has characteristics of both an abugida (diacritic, vowel-killer strokes) and a true alphabet (all vowels are written), with consonants derived from indigenous and Arabic numerals, and vowels derived from the vowel diacritics of the Arabic abjad. Maldivian orthography in Thaana is largely phonemic. The Thaana script first appeared in a Maldivian document towards the beginning of the 18th century in a crude initial form known as Gabulhi Thaana which was written "scripta continua". This early script slowly developed, its characters slanting 45 degrees, becoming more graceful and adding spaces between words. As time went by it gradually replaced the older Dhives Akuru alphabet. The oldest written sample of the Thaana script is found in the island of Kanditheemu in "Northern Miladhunmadulu Atoll". It is inscribed on the door posts of the main "Hukuru Miskiy" (Friday mosque) of the island and dates back to 1008 AH (AD 1599) and 1020 AH (AD 1611) when the roof of the building was built and then renewed during the reigns of Ibrahim Kalaafaan (Sultan Ibrahim III) and Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege (Sultan Hussain II) respectively. Thaana, like Arabic, is written right to left. It indicates vowels with diacritic marks derived from Arabic. Each letter must carry either a vowel or a "sukun" (which indicates "no vowel"). The only exception to this rule is "nūnu" which, when written without a diacritic, indicates prenasalization of a following stop. The vowel or diacritical signs are called "fili" in Maldivian; there are five "fili" for short vowels (a, i, u, e, o), where the first two look identical to the Arabic vowel signs ("fatha" and "kasra") and the third one (damma) looks somewhat similar. Long vowels (ā, ē, ī, ō and ū) are denoted by doubled "fili" (except ō, which is a modification of the short "obofili"). The letter "alifu" has no sound value of its own and is used for three different purposes: It can act as a carrier for a vowel with no preceding consonant, that is, a word-initial vowel or the second part of a diphthong; when it carries a "sukun", it indicates gemination (lengthening) of the following consonant; and if "alifu"+"sukun" occurs at the end of a word, it indicates that the word ends in /eh/. Gemination of nasals, however, is indicated by "nūnu"+"sukun" preceding the nasal to be geminated. The origins of Tāna are unique among the world's alphabets: The first nine letters (h–v) are derived from the Arabic numerals, whereas the next nine (m–d) were the local Indic numerals. (See Hindu-Arabic numerals.) The remaining letters for loanwords (z–ch) and Arabic transliteration are derived from phonetically similar native consonants by means of diacritics, with the exception of y, which is of unknown origin. This means that Thaana is one of the few alphabets not derived graphically from the original Semitic alphabet — unless the Indic numerals were (see Brahmi numerals). The order of the Tāna alphabet ("hā, shaviyani, nūnu, rā, bā, etc.") doesn’t follow the order of other Indic scripts or of the Arabic script. There is no apparent logic to the order; this has been interpreted as suggesting that the script was scrambled to keep it secret from average islanders. The script was originally used primarily to write magical ("fadinta") incantations. These included Arabic quotations, written from right to left. Maldivian learned men, who were all well versed in sorcery, saw the advantages of writing in this simplified hidden script, and Tāna was gradually adopted for everyday use. Tāna nearly disappeared for a brief period in recent history. Towards the mid-1970s, during President Ibrahim Nasir's tenure, Telex machines were introduced by the Maldivian Government in the local administration. The new telex equipment was viewed as a great progress, but Tāna was deemed to be an obstacle because messages on the telex machines could only be written in the Latin script. Following this, a rough Latin transliteration for Maldivian was officially approved by the Maldivian government in 1976 and was quickly implemented by the administration. Booklets were printed and dispatched to all Atoll and Island Offices, as well as schools and merchant liners. This was seen by many as the demise of the Tāna script. This official Latin script (Maldivian Latin) made indiscriminate use of "h"s for non-aspirated sounds, inconsistent with the clear phonetic rules of Indic languages. It also used certain combinations of letters and apostrophes for some Arabic sounds which effectively ignored the Arabic transliterations accepted in academic circles worldwide. The long vowel spellings "oo", "ee", and "oa" were introduced from English, reminiscent of colonial transcriptions. Clarence Maloney, the American anthropologist who was in the Maldives at the time of the change, lamented the crude inconsistencies of the Maldivian Latin and wondered why modern Standard Indic transliteration had not been considered. The Tāna script was reinstated by President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom shortly after he took power in 1978, although the Latin transcription of 1976 continues to be widely used. For a sample text, see the article on , the Maldives' national anthem. Even though it is not part of the alphabet, Arabic ligature Allah ﷲ is used for writing names in Thaana, for example އަބްދުﷲ (Abdullah). H. C. P. Bell, the first serious researcher of Maldivian documents, used the spelling "Tāna," as the initial consonant is unaspirated. The spelling "Thaana" was adopted in the mid-1970s, when the government of the Maldives embarked on a short period of Romanization; /t/ was transcribed , as was used for the retroflex sound (see Gair & Cain in Daniels & Bright 1996:565). Naviyani ޱ represents the retroflex "n" () common to many Languages of India. However this letter was abolished from Maldivian official documents around 1953. The letter's former position in the Maldivian alphabet was the sixteenth, between Gaafu and Seenu, instead of Nyaviyani (ޏ). Former position of Nyaviyani (ޏ) was 22nd. It is still seen in reprints of old books like the "Bodu Tartheebu," and it is used by the people of Addu Atoll and Fuvahmulah when writing songs or poetry in their dialects as the sound is still present in their spoken language. Thaana was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 1999 with the release of version 3.0. The Unicode block for Thaana is U+0780–U+07BF: Thaana Thaana, Taana or Tāna ( in Tāna script) is the present writing system of the Maldivian language spoken in the Maldives. Thaana has characteristics of both an abugida (diacritic, vowel-killer strokes) and a true alphabet (all vowels are written), with consonants derived from indigenous | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 283 United Nations Security Council Resolution 283 was a United Nations Security Council resolution adopted July 29, 1970. It was adopted by 13 votes to none, with France and the United Kingdom abstaining. In the resolution the Security Council "noted with great concern the continued flagrant refusal of the Government of South Africa to comply with the decisions of the Security Council demanding the immediate withdrawal of South Africa" from Namibia. The Council called upon all states to refrain from any diplomatic activities which might imply recognition of South African authority over the territory and called upon all the states which had diplomatic relations with Pretoria to issue a formal declaration to the effect that they do not recognize such an authority and consider the continued South African presence to be illegal. The Council called upon all states to ensure all state-owned and controlled companies to cease dealings with Namibia, to withhold loans and investments to Namibia and Namibians, and to discourage the promotion of tourism and emigration Namibia. A further request was made for states to re-examine bilateral treaties with South Africa in so far as these treaties applied to the territory. The Security Council also requested the Secretary-General to examine all multilateral treaties with South Africa in so far as they applied to the territory, that the United Nations Council for Namibia to make available to it the results of its studies and proposals with regard to the issuance of passports and visas for Namibians, and that the General Assembly set up a fund to provide assistance to Namibians who have suffered persecution and to finance a comprehensive educational and training program for Namibians in the territory. Finally, the Council re-established the Ad Hoc Sub-Committee on Namibia to study further recommendations on ways the relevant resolutions could be implemented. United Nations Security Council Resolution 283 United Nations Security Council Resolution 283 was a United Nations Security Council resolution adopted July 29, 1970. It was adopted by 13 votes to none, with France and the United Kingdom abstaining. In the resolution the Security Council "noted with great concern the continued flagrant refusal of the Government of South Africa to comply with the decisions of the Security Council demanding the immediate withdrawal of South Africa" from Namibia. The Council called upon all states to refrain from any diplomatic activities which might imply recognition of South | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Don Brash Donald Thomas Brash (born 24 September 1940), formerly a New Zealand politician, was Leader of the Opposition, Leader of the National Party (the country's main Opposition party at that time) from 28 October 2003 to 27 November 2006, and the Leader of the ACT Party from 28 April 2011 to 26 November 2011. Before entering Parliament, Brash was Governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand from 1988 to 2002. At the New Zealand general election on 17 September 2005, National under Brash's leadership made major gains and achieved what was at the time the party's best result since the institution of the mixed-member proportional electoral system in 1993, compared with their worst result ever in 2002 under the leadership of his predecessor, Bill English. Final results placed National two seats behind the incumbent New Zealand Labour Party, with National unable to secure a majority from the minor parties to form a governing coalition. In late November 2006 Brash resigned as National Party Leader, and then from Parliament in February 2007. In October 2008 he was appointed as an Adjunct Professor of Banking in the Business School at the Auckland University of Technology, and an Adjunct Professor in the School of Economics and Finance at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. On 30 April 2011 Brash became the Leader of ACT New Zealand after his bid for its leadership was accepted and he was confirmed by the ACT caucus and board. He resigned later that year on 26 November 2011 due to ACT's poor showing in the election, and its failure to gain any seats apart from its electorate strong-hold of . Don Brash was born to Alan Brash, a Presbyterian minister and son of prominent lay leader Thomas Brash, and Eljean Brash (née Hill), in Whanganui on 24 September 1940. His family moved to Christchurch when he was six. He attended Cashmere Primary School and Christchurch Boys' High School before going to the University of Canterbury where he graduated in economics, history and political science. He continued his studies in economics, receiving his master's degree in 1961 for a thesis arguing that foreign investment damaged a country's economic development. The following year he began working towards a PhD (again in economics, at the Australian National University), which reached the opposite conclusion. In 1964 Brash married his first wife, Erica, with whom he had two children. In the 1980s he and his Singaporean secretary, Je Lan Lee, entered into a relationship. Both were married at the time. He separated from his first wife in 1985 and four months after they were divorced he married Lee. In 2007, his second marriage also broke up, following an affair with Diane Foreman, then Deputy Chair of the Business Round Table. Brash and Lee had one child together. Brash went to Washington, D.C. in the United States in 1966 to work as an economist for the World Bank. However, he returned to New Zealand in 1971 to become general manager of Broadbank Corporation, a merchant bank. Brash's first entry into politics came in 1980 when the National Party selected him to stand as its candidate in the by-election in the East Coast Bays electorate. Brash's attempt at the seat, however, failed – some believe that this resulted from the decision by Robert Muldoon, National Party Prime Minister, to raise tolls on the Auckland Harbour Bridge, an important route for East Coast Bays residents. The seat went to Gary Knapp of the Social Credit Party. Brash again failed to win the seat at the general election of 1981. In 1982 Brash became managing director at the New Zealand Kiwifruit Authority, which oversaw the export of kiwifruit (he grows kiwifruit as a hobby). In 1986 he became general manager of Trust Bank, a newly established banking group. In 1988 Brash became governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, a position which he held for the next 14 years. Brash consistently met Government-set targets to keep inflation within 3% during his time as governor, and during his tenure interest-rates dropped from double-digit to single-digit percentages. Aside from monetary policy, Brash presided over significant changes in banking supervision, with the New Zealand approach emphasising public disclosure by banks regarding the nature of their assets and liabilities. Under his governorship, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand established a new model of the relationship between government and central bank – not totally independent, like the Bundesbank in Germany, and not dominated by government, as was typical of most central banks at the time, but one where government and central bank agreed in public about the inflation rate to be delivered by the central bank, where the central bank had full independence to run monetary policy to deliver that, and where the central bank's governor was held accountable for the inflation outcome. It was the Reserve Bank Act 1989 which established this contractual relationship (based on price stability targets) between the Bank and the Government, rather than giving direct control to Ministers of Finance. Changes took place in the currency used in New Zealand during Brash's tenure, notably the introduction of polymer banknotes, and the replacement of Queen Elizabeth's face on most of the banknotes. , many banknotes in circulation still carry the signature of Brash from his term as governor. There is a range of opinion on Brash's performance as Reserve Bank governor. The New Zealand Association of Economists describe Brash's success in establishing an independent central bank with an inflation target and in reducing inflation as a highlight of his career. Documentary maker Alister Barry described Brash as "an extremist, an idealist" whose "ideal world is where the free market reigns supreme". Barry considered that Brash manipulated public opinion towards neo-liberal economics and gave as examples Brash's advocacy for abolishing the minimum wage and his Hayek Memorial Lecture to the Institute of Economic Affairs in London. On 26 April 2002, shortly before the 2002 general election, Brash resigned as Reserve Bank governor to stand as a candidate for Parliament on the National Party list. The Party ranked him in fifth place on its party list – exceptional treatment for a newcomer from outside the House of Representatives. Most unusually among National candidates, he stood as a list candidate without running for an electorate seat. Though National had its worst performance ever, gaining only 21% of the party vote, Brash's high place on the party list assured him of a seat in Parliament. Brash immediately joined National's front bench as its spokesman on finance. This placed him opposite the Labour Party's Michael Cullen, the Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister. Commentators generally praised Brash for his knowledge of economics, but expressed criticism of his inexperience in terms of political leadership. In October 2003, Brash publicly challenged Bill English for the position of Parliamentary Leader of the National Party. English had gradually lost support within the party, but Brash's victory in any leadership-contest against English seemed by no means guaranteed. Brash's decision to make his challenge public caused some criticism, with some party supporters perceiving that an open leadership dispute could damage the party's image. However, by breaking with the tradition of operating secretly, Brash calculated that people would see him as an honest "anti-politician" – a notion central to his personal brand. Brash won a caucus vote on 28 October 2003, making him Leader of the National Party Caucus (and thus Leader of the Opposition) after one year as a Member of Parliament. He remained National's finance spokesman, appointing the equally new MP John Key as his deputy finance-spokesman, and eventually appointing Key the primary finance-spokesman after a Caucus reshuffle in August 2004. On 27 January 2004 Brash delivered his first Orewa speech on | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Brash's decision to make his challenge public caused some criticism, with some party supporters perceiving that an open leadership dispute could damage the party's image. However, by breaking with the tradition of operating secretly, Brash calculated that people would see him as an honest "anti-politician" – a notion central to his personal brand. Brash won a caucus vote on 28 October 2003, making him Leader of the National Party Caucus (and thus Leader of the Opposition) after one year as a Member of Parliament. He remained National's finance spokesman, appointing the equally new MP John Key as his deputy finance-spokesman, and eventually appointing Key the primary finance-spokesman after a Caucus reshuffle in August 2004. On 27 January 2004 Brash delivered his first Orewa speech on ""Nationhood"" at the Orewa Rotary Club, north of Auckland, expressing opposition to perceived "Māori racial separatism" in New Zealand: The topic I will focus on today is the dangerous drift towards racial separatism in New Zealand, and the development of the now entrenched Treaty grievance industry. We are one country with many peoples, not simply a society of Pākehā and Māori where the minority has a birthright to the upper hand, as the Labour Government seems to believe".[...] Though the sentiments expressed in the Orewa speech differed little from established National Party views (as voiced previously by Bill English, for example), these comments resulted in National receiving an unprecedented boost in a public opinion poll. National gained 17 percentage points in the February 2004 Colmar Brunton poll for Television New Zealand, taken shortly after the speech. The surge in National support marked the biggest single gain by a political party in a single poll in Colmar Brunton's polling history. In the months that followed, changes of emphasis in Labour's policy agenda became apparent as Labour attempted to recoup the ground lost to National in the February poll. Shortly after the delivery of the Orewa speech, Brash fired his Māori Affairs spokesperson Georgina te Heuheu because she would not publicly support his speech. After the February peak, National suffered a steady decline in public opinion polls, leaving it 11 points behind Labour at the end of 2004. In 2004, following a political speech given by the Prime Minister Helen Clark inside the Christchurch Cathedral, Brash wrote to the Dean of the Cathedral, Peter Beck. In his letter he criticised Clark's use of a church-venue for delivering a political speech, and he raised questions over her views on religion and on the institution of marriage. After Clark retaliated, Brash apologised for any offence that his comments had caused to her, and revealed that his Chief of Staff, Richard Long, had written the letter, not Brash himself. On 25 January 2005 Brash made his third speech to the Orewa Rotary Club (his first had come in the final week of January 2003, while still National's finance spokesman). This time Brash focussed on ""Welfare Dependency: Whatever Happened to Personal Responsibility?"" Brash pledged to reduce the number of working-age beneficiaries from the current figure of 300,000 to 200,000 over ten years, and he dedicated a significant part of his speech to the Domestic Purposes Benefit. At the time approximately 109,000 single parents received the DPB, costing taxpayers about $1.5 billion a year. Brash noted that since the inception of the DPB in 1974, the population of New Zealand had increased by 30% while the numbers receiving the DPB had increased almost ninefold. Brash used the speech to highlight his views on both the fiscal and social costs of entrenched welfare-dependency: How can we tolerate a welfare system which allows children to grow up in a household where the parents are permanently dependent on a welfare benefit? Our welfare system is contributing to the creation of a generation of children condemned to a lifetime of deprivation, with limited education, without life skills, and without the most precious inheritance from their parents, a sense of ambition or aspiration. Nothing can be more destructive of self esteem. Brash proposed a number of ways to reduce welfare dependency and to refocus the DPB back to its original intent of giving aid to single-parent families in need or in danger. These proposals included enforcing child-support payments from absent fathers, requiring single parents to work or perform community services once their children reached school age, and introducing penalties for women seeking the DPB who refused to name the father of their child. He also acknowledged adoption as an acceptable option, particularly for teenage girls, and drew attention to the growth in numbers of single mothers giving birth to additional children while already receiving the single-parent DPB benefit. Some elements of the speech put his Social Welfare spokesperson, Katherine Rich, at odds with Brash, and he fired her from the portfolio, promoting the MP for Clevedon, Judith Collins, in her place. On 5 November 2003, shortly after becoming leader of the National Party, Brash released his five main policy priorities: After the Orewa speech of 2004, Brash's public statements on race relations received significant attention, both in the traditional media and online. During the 2005 election campaign, he criticised the use of "powhiri" in welcoming international visitors: I mean, I think there is a place for Maori culture but why is it that we always use a semi-naked male, sometimes quite pale-skinned Maori, leaping around in, you know, mock battle? In September 2006 Brash stated that: There are clearly many New Zealanders who do see themselves as distinctly and distinctively Maori – but it is also clear there are few, if any, fully Maori left here. There has been a lot of intermarriage and that has been welcome. These comments received a negative response from other political leaders, who portrayed focussing on blood quantum as divisive and as harking back to racist laws, and who suggested the appropriateness for Maori themselves to determine how to define themselves. Brash questioned whether Māori remained a distinct indigenous group because few "full-blooded" individuals survive. This drew criticism from a range of his adversaries, including Maori Party co-leader Tariana Turia, who cancelled a dinner with him in protest. In a statement to explain his position on 30 September 2006, Brash said that the Government had no responsibility to address the over-representation of Māori in negative social statistics. "If Māori New Zealanders die more frequently from lung cancer than non-Māori do, for example, it is almost certainly because Māori New Zealanders choose to smoke more heavily than other New Zealanders do". Brash stressed the significance of New Zealand's British heritage. When asked "who are the ideal immigrants?", Brash made the following statement; In July 2005, Prime Minister Helen Clark announced that a General Election would take place on 17 September. At that time Brash and the National Party led by a slim margin in the opinion-polls. But by mid-August both Brash and National had declined in popularity. Commentators attributed this trend to a series of announcements of new spending programs by Labour, and to confusion as to whether National could form a stable coalition government with New Zealand First and/or ACT New Zealand. The National Party advertising campaign aimed at rebutting arguments brought up by Labour about a variety of themes: Brash's stand on national security issues (he favoured greater co-operation with "traditional allies"), his commitment to social security programmes (including healthcare), as well as his ideas on the perceived drift towards "racial separatism" dividing Māori from other New Zealanders. One of Brash's most significant and widely publicised policy announcements foreshadowed the introduction of tax-cuts for working New Zealanders. Brash's party | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Commentators attributed this trend to a series of announcements of new spending programs by Labour, and to confusion as to whether National could form a stable coalition government with New Zealand First and/or ACT New Zealand. The National Party advertising campaign aimed at rebutting arguments brought up by Labour about a variety of themes: Brash's stand on national security issues (he favoured greater co-operation with "traditional allies"), his commitment to social security programmes (including healthcare), as well as his ideas on the perceived drift towards "racial separatism" dividing Māori from other New Zealanders. One of Brash's most significant and widely publicised policy announcements foreshadowed the introduction of tax-cuts for working New Zealanders. Brash's party embarked on a targeted billboard-advertising programme, which later (post-election) won two advertising-industry awards. In his first party-political election-campaign broadcast Brash mentioned a number of aspects of his life that he believed had attuned him to the political centre-ground in New Zealand: On 19 August 2005, National unveiled a $3.9 billion tax-cut policy. The first polling conducted after the announcement suggested that it had boosted National support. On 22 August, Brash engaged in a televised debate with the Labour Party leader Helen Clark. According to "The New Zealand Herald", Clark appeared 'confident and aggressive' and Brash appeared 'defensive'. In response to questions over his assertiveness, Brash indicated that he had not attacked Clark during the debate because she was a woman. Clark described Brash's explanation as patronising. On 27 August a weekend newspaper published a series of leaked documents, including private emails, showing that members of the ACT party and of the Business Round Table had advised Brash during his bid for the leadership of the parliamentary National Party. Continuing leaks over following weeks appeared designed to cause the National leader embarrassment. Furthermore, confusion bedevilled National's potential coalition options: New Zealand First showed reluctance to reveal whether it would support National or Labour post-election, whilst ACT (often seen as National's natural coalition partner due to the similarities in some of their policies) criticised National for not openly supporting ACT leader Rodney Hide's bid to win the electorate seat of Epsom. Pamphlets distributed by members of a Christian sect, the Exclusive Brethren, in early September caused further embarrassment for Brash; although they were not anonymous, they did not refer to the Exclusive Brethren but were authorised in the names of individual church members. Brash initially denied National had anything to do with it, but later admitted that the Brethren had told him at a meeting some months earlier that they planned to run a campaign opposing the direction of the Labour Government. Brash has maintained his position that the pamphlet-campaign took place on the Exclusive Brethren's own initiative. The General Election on 17 September produced a close result, with initial election-night figures from rural areas favouring National (in accordance with tradition and previous patterns); but by the end of the evening Labour had won 40.7% of the vote to National's 39.6%. Following the counting of the special votes the gap widened, with Labour taking 41.1% of the vote to National's 39.1%. Dr Brash conceded defeat on 1 October after weeks of electoral uncertainty while the major parties sought to secure the support of minor coalition partners. His only realistic scenario for becoming prime minister would have involved a coalition between National, ACT and United Future, with confidence and supply from New Zealand First and the Māori Party. This appeared highly unlikely on several counts. New Zealand First's involvement in such a coalition would have run counter to its pre-election promise to deal with the biggest party. The Māori Party's supporters overwhelmingly gave their party-votes to Labour, and National had indicated it would abolish the Maori seats if it won power. Essentially National had failed to make up enough ground in the cities but swept the electoral votes in the provinces, clawing back a number of seats from Labour and defeating New Zealand First founder-leader Winston Peters in his electorate (Peters remained in Parliament as a list MP). Apart from in Auckland, National's support centred mainly in rural and provincial areas. Don Brash took leave on 13 September 2006, to sort out marital troubles. Rumours of an extramarital affair came to the public's attention around this date after National MP Brian Connell allegedly confronted Brash in a caucus-meeting about the rumours. Details leaked to the press, and in the weeks that followed the National Party caucus suspended Connell from membership of the caucus. On Saturday 23 September, Brash appeared on Television New Zealand's "Agenda" news program and acknowledged that he had met with Exclusive Brethren representatives after the 2005 general election. Brash indicated his intention to remain the leader of the National Party and to contest the next election in that role. However, it became increasingly clear that the caucus preferred Finance Spokesman John Key, whose rating steadily rose in "preferred Prime Minister" polls. Key made no move publicly, but Brash's reputation for honesty and political competence eroded when, for example, broadcast footage showed him walking a plank, and when allegations appeared of his having an affair with an Auckland businesswoman, Diane Foreman – a charge he has never denied. Despite these setbacks, when asked by an interviewer for an article published in the United Kingdom on 18 November 2006 if he planned to remain leader of his party, "...the Clark Kent of Kiwi politics [Brash] turned to me and smiled gently. 'That's my intention,'..." During a hastily called press-conference on Thursday 23 November 2006, Don Brash announced his resignation as the National Party leader, effective from 27 November. Speculation regarding his leadership had foreshadowed this move, and the publicity had had a negative effect on his political party. The publicity came to a head just before the scheduled publication of a book written by Nicky Hager containing leaked emails (amongst other allegedly damaging revelations). On 16 November 2006 Brash had obtained a High Court injunction prohibiting the distribution or publication of the private emails allegedly unlawfully taken from his computer, following ongoing rumours that his opponents would publish a series of his personal emails as a book, and he confirmed that the police had commenced a criminal investigation into the alleged email-theft. However he claimed he had no awareness of and did not wish to stop the publication of the Hager book. As part of his resignation announcement, Brash also announced he had cleared the way for the book's release by providing copies of his emails to Hager, and stated it had nothing to with his resignation. Brash also claimed that the publication of the book did not contribute to his decision to resign as National Party leader. The book, "The Hollow Men: A Study in the Politics of Deception", details Brash's rise to power in the National Party as assisted by an "informal network of people from the right of New Zealand politics", including a number of ACT members. It also documents that senior National Party figures, including Brash, knew of the Exclusive Brethren's pamphlet campaigns in May 2005, although Brash denied knowledge of this until August. On Thursday 30 November 2006, just one week after resigning as leader of the party, Brash resigned from Parliament after the National Party's new parliamentary leader, John Key, declined to offer him a senior portfolio. He set no official date, but he stated he would not return in the new year. Brash then made his valedictory speech on Tuesday 12 December | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
leader. The book, "The Hollow Men: A Study in the Politics of Deception", details Brash's rise to power in the National Party as assisted by an "informal network of people from the right of New Zealand politics", including a number of ACT members. It also documents that senior National Party figures, including Brash, knew of the Exclusive Brethren's pamphlet campaigns in May 2005, although Brash denied knowledge of this until August. On Thursday 30 November 2006, just one week after resigning as leader of the party, Brash resigned from Parliament after the National Party's new parliamentary leader, John Key, declined to offer him a senior portfolio. He set no official date, but he stated he would not return in the new year. Brash then made his valedictory speech on Tuesday 12 December 2006. On 7 February 2007, Katrina Shanks took his place as a National Party list MP. On 18 May 2007 Don Brash joined the ANZ National Bank board as Rob McLeod retired from the board to return to his accounting practice. He also chairs Huljich Wealth Management, an independent, specialist funds-management company based in Auckland, New Zealand. In late 2008 he was lecturing in economics at the Auckland University of Technology In April 2009 Brash was appointed as a director of the electricity grid operator Transpower. In late April 2011, Brash, still a National Party member, announced that he would like to lead the ACT Party, which would require incumbent leader Rodney Hide to step down. Hide dismissed any talk of a leadership challenge to him but Brash was quoted as saying, "I'd like to say to the board that, under my leadership, I believe Act has a much better prospect of not only getting back into Parliament but having a significant number of MPs." John Key also would not rule out working with Brash if it came down to a tight decision. On 28 April 2011 the incumbent leader of the ACT Party, Rodney Hide, announced that he was stepping down as leader in favour of Brash who had joined the party that morning. His membership was ratified by the party board on Saturday 30 April and the ACT party parliamentary caucus confirmed him as leader the same day. The party board re-convened later that day to ratify his leadership. Rodney Hide remained in Parliament until its dissolution prior to the 2011 general election. Brash was leader of the party outside Parliament and former Auckland City mayor John Banks stood in Epsom. The "Listener" compared Brash's successful bid for the leadership of the ACT Party to a hostile takeover. Brash hoped to get ACT 15% of the party vote in the 2011 election, but it only managed 1%. Brash resigned on election night and was later replaced as leader by John Banks. In September 2016, Don Brash became the spokesperson for a new lobby group called Hobson's Pledge. Hobson's Pledge is named after William Hobson, the first Governor of New Zealand and co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi. The group was formed to oppose what Brash has described as Māori favoritism and advocates abolishing the Māori electorates. On 7 August 2018, Massey University Vice-Chancellor Jan Thomas cancelled Brash's talk scheduled for the next day at the university's Palmerston North campus. She cited safety issues regarding Brash's support for the controversial alt-right Canadian activists Lauren Southern and Stefan Molyneux's Auckland tour and his leadership of the Hobson's Pledge advocacy group, which has advocated the abolition of the Māori wards. She said too she "supported free speech on campus, but totally opposed hate speech". Brash criticised her decision as a threat to free speech. The cancellation was criticised by various public figures including Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, Education Minister Chris Hipkins, Opposition Leader Simon Bridges, and Massey University Students' Association President Ben Schmidt, and ACT party leader David Seymour. In addition, several Māori Members of Parliament including Green Party co-leader Marama Davidson and Labour MP Willie Jackson defended Brash's right to free speech while expressing disagreement with his views of Māori. Brash voted for the decriminalisation of both prostitution and euthanasia, voted against raising the drinking age back up to 20 and voted against Manukau banning street prostitution. However, Brash did vote against the Civil Unions Bill because he backed a public mandate for any change to the law. He has also called for the decriminalisation of cannabis. In March 2013, Brash joined the debate over the future of Auckland, saying land needed to be freed up for residential zoning so house prices would come down, at odds with Mayor Len Brown's plan to stop urban sprawl and build the city upwards. Don Brash Donald Thomas Brash (born 24 September 1940), formerly | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Reginald Bach Reginald Bach (3 September 1886 – 6 January 1941) was a British actor and theatrical producer. Born in Shepperton, Middlesex, England, Bach was educated at Dean Close School, in Cheltenham Spa, the family having moved to Leamington Spa. After leaving school lived in Cheltenham Spa, where he established a reputation as an amateur actor, making his professional debut in 1905. In 1926 Bach married Olive Thurston, daughter of writer E. Temple Thurston. She had acted in Bach's 1924 production of the Temple Thurston play "Blue Peter". Bach took an active part in the actor's union Equity and served on the executive committee. At the outbreak of the second world war, Bach moved to the USA, where he acted in several plays. He died 6 January 1941 in New York City. Reginald Bach Reginald Bach (3 September 1886 – 6 January 1941) was a British actor and theatrical producer. Born in Shepperton, Middlesex, England, Bach was educated at Dean Close School, in Cheltenham Spa, the family having moved to Leamington Spa. After leaving school lived in Cheltenham Spa, where he established a reputation as an amateur actor, making his professional debut in 1905. In 1926 Bach married Olive Thurston, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
T-24 (tiger) T-24, also known as Ustad, is a tiger who lived in Ranthambore National Park, India. He allegedly killed four humans and was put into captivity. T-24, popularly called Ustad, was a dominant male Tiger occupying Zones 1, 2 and 6 of Ranthambhore National Park. He was born in the Lahpur area in late 2006. His brothers were T-23 and T-25. His grandmother was Maachli T-16, a celebrated Tigress. T-24 rose to dominance in 2010 and took over Zones 1,2 and 6. He patrolled his growing 40 square km territory at night and was known to instill fear in poachers, and forest guards, because of his fearless nature. He was popularly called Ustad which means the Master. Officially weighing 258kg (570lbs) on forest department paperwork on May 16, 2015 on an empty stomach, and estimated to be up to 270kg (596lbs) by a local biologist, he was one of the largest Tigers Ranthambhore has seen. Tigers are usually lighter in the hot May Summer months because they consume less meat, but during Winter months they can consume 60 lbs at a time causing their body weight to go up accordingly. T24's mating partner was T-39, popularly called Noor, and together they had three male cubs from two separate litters. All those cubs are now no longer seen in Ranthambhore National Park but have moved north to Keladevi Sanctuary according to the Field Director Y.K. Sahu. On May 8, 2015, T-24 was controversially identified as the Tiger that killed forest guard Rampal Saini. The forest department stated that this was T-24's fourth human kill and they moved him out of the wild to a zoo in Udaipur in the larger interest of tiger conservation in Ranthambhore. This move caused massive social uproar. Activists argued that all four killings occurred in the core area which is supposed to be inviolate space for Tigers and that there was no definitive proof that T-24 was the killer Tiger. They took their cause to the streets, online and to the courts. On May 28, 2015, the Jaipur High Court concluded that the removal of T24 was legal, and pointed out that the Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve officials are the appropriate authority to make Ranthambhore wild tiger translocation decisions. Activists continue to pursue the case legally and otherwise with no success, even citing a report from the National Tiger Conservation Authority, which concluded that T24 was not a man-eater but rather his attacks on humans were chance encounters. In the zoo, T-24 suffered various health issues including megacolon and is on a special diet and medication. He remains the only Tiger to have graced the cover of India Today magazine and the only Tiger to have commanded the attention of the Delhi High Court, Jaipur High Court and Supreme Court of India. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/my-time-with-the-tiger-they-call-a-man-eater_us_57744590e4b0835ca01780b4 T-24 (tiger) T-24, also known as Ustad, is a tiger who lived in Ranthambore National Park, India. He allegedly killed four humans and was put into captivity. T-24, popularly called Ustad, was a | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Performic acid Performic acid (PFA) is an organic compound with the formula CHO. It is an unstable colorless liquid which can be produced by mixing formic acid with hydrogen peroxide. Owing to its oxidizing and disinfecting action, it is used in the chemical, medical and food industries. Performic acid is a colorless liquid soluble in water, alcohols, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents. Its strong oxidizing properties are used for cleaving disulfide bonds in protein mapping, as well as for epoxidation, hydroxylation and oxidation reactions in organic synthesis. In the medical and food industries, performic acid is commonly used to disinfect equipment. It is effective against viruses, bacterial spores, algae, microscopic fungi and mycobacteria, as well as other microorganisms such as zooplankton. The popularity of performic acid as a sterilizer originates from the safe nature of its degradation products, mostly carbon dioxide, oxygen and water. The disinfecting action of performic acid is also faster than that of the related compounds peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The major drawbacks of performic acid are handling dangers related to its high reactivity, as well as instability, especially upon heating, which means that the acid must be used within about 12 hours of it being synthesised. Performic acid is synthesized by the reaction of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide by the following equilibrium reaction: Synthesis of pure performic acid has not been reported, but aqueous solutions up to about 48% can be formed by simply mixing equimolar amounts of concentrated aqueous reactant solutions. Using an excess of either reactant shifts the equilibrium towards the product side. The aqueous product solution can be distilled to increase the concentration of performic acid to about 90%. This reaction is reversible and can be used for large scale industrial production if accelerated with a catalyst; however, its temperature must be kept below 80–85 °C to avoid an explosion. The catalyst can be nitric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric or sulfuric acid or their salts; it can also be an organic compound containing at least one ester group, such as carboxylic acid ester or peracetic acid. Performic acid is non-toxic; it does irritate the skin, but less so than peracetic acid. Concentrated acid (above 50%) is highly reactive; it readily decomposes upon heating, and explodes upon rapid heating to 80–85 °C. It may ignite or explode at room temperature when combined with flammable substances, such as formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, or aniline, and explodes violently upon addition of metal powders. For this reason, spilled performic acid is diluted with cold water and collected with neutral, non-flammable inorganic absorbents, such as vermiculite. Performic acid Performic acid (PFA) is an organic compound with the formula CHO. It is an unstable colorless liquid which can be produced by mixing formic acid with hydrogen peroxide. Owing to its oxidizing and disinfecting action, it is used in the chemical, medical and food industries. Performic acid is a colorless liquid soluble in water, alcohols, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents. Its strong oxidizing properties are used for cleaving | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Bus Azur Bus Azur is a brand of bus services serving the Southern French city of Cannes, France. The operator, Veolia Transport Cannes is responsible for operating the Bus Azur buses for SITP, grouping the communes of Cannes, le Cannet et Mandelieu-la-Napoule. The city of Cannes was, until 1933, served by an urban tramway system, the Tramway de Cannes, as well as an inter-urban tramway, the Tramway de Nice et du Littoral until 1953. The first bus services within Cannes and between Cannes and le Cannet began in 1936. Cannes bus company operated four lines: Each of the lines were divided in two fare zones. In 1954, the concession for operation of buses in Cannes was given to Société des Transports Urbains de Cannes by the Syndicat Intercommunal des Transports Publics for twenty years. Several lines were created during the 1960s, linking Cannes to la Californie, Cannes and le Cannet via République and Cannes to l'Aubarède. Lines were divided into four fare zones. In 1968, severe strikes forced the company to reduce its staff presence on buses to one. The STUC's concession was extended by ten years in 1974 thanks to a grant to the STIP. The company adopted a new ticketing system, using magnetic strip cards. Lines were grouped into two global fare zones in replacement of the four per line. Service was increased with the purchase of more rolling stock. Within two years, stock and staff numbers doubled. In 1978, the STUC purchased a diesel multiple unit X 94630 for use on the Cannes-Ranguin railway line. Service was eleven minutes in length and bus ticketing used. The concession was once more extended, for five years, in 1984, with further bus purchases and the repainting of the X 94630 into the line's colours. rail services ended in 1995 due to loss of revenue. On 5 November 1996, CGFTE Cannes signed a contract delegating services. In 2004, Bus Azur introduced double-decker buses on its line 8 quai Laubeuf-La Croisette-Palm Beach. Bus Azur Bus Azur is a brand of bus services serving the Southern French city of Cannes, France. The operator, Veolia Transport Cannes is responsible for operating the Bus Azur buses for SITP, grouping the communes of Cannes, le Cannet et Mandelieu-la-Napoule. The city of Cannes was, until 1933, served by an urban tramway system, the Tramway de Cannes, as well as an inter-urban tramway, the Tramway de Nice et | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Friedrich Heinrich Stöckhardt "Friedrich" Heinrich Stöckhardt (14 August 1842 - 4 June 1920) was a German architect. Heinrich Stöckhardt was born in Saint Petersburg. His father, Robert Stöckhardt, had been appointed there as professor of Roman law. After the father's early death in 1848 his widow, Emilie née Voigt, returned with her children to Naumburg. Heinrich was educated to open mindedness to art, as both his father as well as family members of his mother were great music lovers. The father composed himself and was acquainted with Clara Schumann. An uncle, Carl Friedrich Eduard Voigt, sponsored the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra and was acquainted with Robert Schumann. In later years, one of Heinrich's brothers became a composer and one sister became a painter. He studied at Georg Hermann Nicolai in Dresden, where he worked till 1869. In 1871 he joined the Rathaus-Atelier of Hermann Friedrich Waesemann. Later, Stöckhardt became assistant and lecturer at the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg. He was appointed professor in 1911. Stöckhardt is especially known for his fountain designs. In 1882 he had already won the competition for the Mendebrunnen in Leipzig, but remained unconsidered. In 1890 two important fountains were inaugurated, in Erfurt at the city's main place Anger, and in Dessau a fountain monument memorizing Moses Mendelssohn. Stöckhardt's best known work, however, followed in 1901. The Gänseliesel fountain is today Göttingen's landmark. Stöckhardt died 1920 in Woltersdorf, Brandenburg, where his villa is used today as a private school. Friedrich Heinrich Stöckhardt "Friedrich" Heinrich Stöckhardt (14 August 1842 - 4 June 1920) was a German architect. Heinrich Stöckhardt was born in Saint Petersburg. His father, Robert Stöckhardt, had been appointed there as professor of Roman law. After the father's early death in 1848 his widow, Emilie née Voigt, returned with her children to Naumburg. Heinrich was educated to | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Canuck, Saskatchewan Canuck is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Lone Tree No. 18, Saskatchewan, Canada. Located on Highway 18, 12.5 km east of the village of Climax. In 2006, Canuck had a population of 0 living in 0 dwellings, a 0% increase from 2001. The community had a land area of and a population density of . Canuck was once a booming community, with a few small businesses and storefronts along main street, three grain elevators all have since been demolished, and a small school house that has also been demolished. Since the late 1930s Canuck's population dwindled and the community is now completely abandoned. Canuck, Saskatchewan Canuck is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Lone Tree No. 18, Saskatchewan, Canada. Located on Highway 18, 12.5 km east of the village of Climax. In 2006, Canuck had a population of 0 living in 0 dwellings, a 0% increase from 2001. The community had a land area of and a population density of . Canuck was once a booming community, with a few small businesses and storefronts along main street, three grain elevators all have since been demolished, and a small school house that has also | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Graues Haus (Oestrich-Winkel) The house is located at Graugasse 8 in the south of the town towards the Rhine. Today the building is surrounded by vineyards. It is separated from the river since the "Bundesstraße" 42 (federal highway 42) was built in the 1950s. An exact dating of the origin of the building is problematic. Dendrochronological studies of the roof timbers show that these were struck around 1075/1078. For the construction, spoliae dated back to the 9th to 11th century were used, probably from the nearby imperial palace at Ingelheim am Rhein. Older theories assumed that the building was erected already in the ninth century, and was the home and place of death of the archbishop and scholar Rabanus Maurus. According to current research, the house was built as a family residence of the Greiffenclau family, the heirs of the Lords of Winkel, whose pedigree can be traced back to the year 1097. The building served until the year 1330 as a residence and then as a house for employees of Schloss Vollrads. Over the centuries, the building was kept virtually unchanged. In the 17th Century a neighboring building was added on the south side. After a fire in 1964, the house was reconstructed from 1966 to 1967 to its old form by the then-owner, Count Erwein Matuschka-Greiffenclau, supported by the state of Hesse, the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis and the town of Oestrich-Winkel. Graues Haus (Oestrich-Winkel) The house is located at Graugasse 8 in the south of the town towards the Rhine. Today the building is surrounded by vineyards. It is separated from the river since the "Bundesstraße" 42 (federal highway 42) was built in the 1950s. An exact dating of the origin of the building is problematic. Dendrochronological studies of the roof timbers show that these were struck around 1075/1078. For | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
David Addy David Nii Addy (born 21 February 1990 in Prampram) is a Ghanaian international footballer, who last played for Riga FC and Ghana. In Summer 2008, Addy made his first international move to Europe, from a Ghanaian Club – International Allies FC being signed by Danish SAS Ligaen club Randers FC. At Randers FC,Addy made his debut on 19 October against Vejle gaining 7 minutes. In the following season, Addy was part of the Randers FC squad that went to compete in the UEFA Europa League.He also made his debut in the UEFA Europa League, in the first qualifying round against Linfield FC from Northern Ireland on 2 July 2009. On 1 February 2010 the Ghanaian U-20 champion joined Portuguese top club FC Porto from SAS Ligaen side Randers FC for €800,000, signing a three ½ year contract. The young Ghanaian U-20 made his debut for FC Porto on 14 April 2010 in a 4–0 Victory against Rio Ave FC. In July 2010, he joined Académica de Coimbra on a season-long loan from Portuguese club FC Porto. On 31 August 2011, he joined a newly promoted Greek Superleague side Panetolikos F.C. on a season-long loan from Porto. On 30 September 2012, Addy signed a two-year deal for Vitoria S.C.. In May 2013 Addy helped Vitoria S.C. win the 2012/13 Taca de Portugal and qualified for the 2013/14 UEFA Europa League. Addy had 4 successful UEFA Europa League appearances against Real Betis, Olympic Lyon and Rijeka. Vitoria S.C finished third in Group I and made an early exit from the competition. In August 2014 Addy signed a 2-year deal with Belgian Pro League club Waasland-Beveren. On 18 November 2016, Addy played his first match for Dynamos in the ISL on the left side of attack. In March 2017, Addy, left without a contract with Dynamos, signed a 3-month deal with Finnish club Rovaniemen Palloseura where he appeared in all of the 15 league games before leaving the team at the end of June. On 6 September 2017, Addy signed for Riga FC. Addy earned his first Black Satellites call-up after an impressive performance with the Local Black Stars in 2008, making his debut in January 2008 in a match against Angola. In 2009 Addy was part of the squad that won the 2009 African Youth Championship. His success continued in October 2009 as he also took part in the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup held in Egypt which the team went on to win, making them the first African Nation to have ever won the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He was called up for the Black Stars for the game versus Lesotho on 8 June 2008. His second game was on 2 November 2008 against Niger. Addy has been called up to play for the Ghanaian Senior National Football team. In summer 2010,Addy got engaged to German-Ghanaian Economics graduate Dyen Gabriel. The couple first met in 2008 through a mutual friend. In June 2013, Addy married his fiancée Dyen Gabriel in a private ceremony in Accra. In May 2014 Addy and his wife celebrated the birth of their first child. The couple welcomed a bouncing baby girl in their lives born in Reading,Berkshire. Ghana Premier League Young Defender of the year 2008 Taca de Portugal Cup winners with FC Porto David Addy David Nii Addy (born 21 February 1990 in Prampram) is a Ghanaian international footballer, who last played for Riga FC and Ghana. In Summer 2008, Addy made his first international move to Europe, from a Ghanaian Club – International Allies FC being signed by Danish SAS Ligaen | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Valerie Vaz Valerie Carol Marian Vaz (born 7 December 1954) is a British politician and solicitor. A member of the Labour Party, she has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Walsall South since the 2010 general election. She currently serves in the shadow cabinet as the Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. Vaz was born in Aden, Yemen. Her family originates from Goa, India, and settled in Twickenham and then East Sheen, London. Her father worked in the airline industry, while her mother worked two jobs, as a teacher and for Marks & Spencer. Her father committed suicide when she was 16. Vaz attended Twickenham County Grammar School before going on to Bedford College, University of London where she completed a BSc (Hons) degree in Biochemistry in 1978. In 1984 she qualified as a solicitor and subsequently worked on legal issues for local government in London. She set up her own law firm, Townsend Vaz Solicitors, and has sat as a Deputy District Judge in the County Court on the Midland and Oxford Circuit. In 2001, she joined the Government Legal Service, and worked at the Treasury Solicitors Department and the Ministry of Justice. She worked as a presenter and interviewer for the BBC TV programme "Network East" in 1987. Vaz was a councillor in the London Borough of Ealing from 1986 to 1990, and the council's Deputy Leader from 1988 to 1989. She stood unsuccessfully as a parliamentary candidate in the constituency of Twickenham in the 1987 general election, and in the 1999 European elections in the East Midlands. She was a contender to be selected as a Labour candidate for 2000 West Bromwich West by-election, however she failed in her attempt, in the next election she was successful in being selected after winning a women-only shortlist. She was elected in the 2010 general election, securing the Walsall South seat with a reduced Labour majority of 1,755 (8.2% swing to the Conservative Party). In June 2010 she was selected as a Labour member of the Health Select Committee. She was also Vice Chairwoman of the Labour Parliamentary Party, having been elected by fellow Labour MPs. In the 2015 general election, she was re-elected as the member of parliament for Walsall South, with an increased majority of 6,007 (5% swing to the Labour Party). In the 2015–2017 parliament, she served on the Science and Technology Committee followed by the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee. In October 2016 she was appointed to Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet as the Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. In the 2017 general election she was elected for a third time at Walsall South, with an increased majority of 8,892. Vaz is married to Paul Townsend. The couple have one daughter. Her hobbies include music and gardening. Her younger brother Keith Vaz is also a Labour MP, while her sister Penny is a lawyer. Her late mother Merlyn Vaz was formerly a Labour councillor in Leicester. Valerie Vaz Valerie Carol Marian | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Passagen Verlag The publishing house Passagen Verlag was founded in 1985 in Vienna by Peter Engelmann. The primary intention of the publisher was the translation of Jacques Derrida's work into German. Around the author Derrida, Peter Engelmann developed a program, which gathers relevant authors of all disciplines, who identified themselves with the program deconstruction ("Dekonstruktivismus") and "postmodernism" (Postmoderne). Peter Engelmann was honoured by the French State in February 2004 with the title "Commandeur dans l´ordre des Arts et des Lettres" for his work as publisher. The Passagen Verlag, the name Passagen being an allusion to Walter Benjamin's most important text Passagenwerk, publishes besides Derrida authors such as Jean-François Lyotard, Gianni Vattimo, Jean Baudrillard, Paul Feyerabend, Peter Eisenman, Jacques Lacan, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, Sarah Kofman, Gerhard Anna Concic-Kaucic, Slavoj Žižek, Emmanuel Levinas, Clifford Geertz, Ginka Steinwachs, Dennis Cooper, Wolfgang Schirmacher, etc. Passagen Verlag The publishing house Passagen Verlag was founded in 1985 in Vienna by Peter Engelmann. The primary intention of the publisher was the translation of Jacques Derrida's work into German. Around the author Derrida, Peter Engelmann developed a program, which gathers relevant authors of all disciplines, who identified themselves with the program deconstruction ("Dekonstruktivismus") and "postmodernism" (Postmoderne). Peter | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Dúo Pianístico Tena Manrique After finishing their musical studies in the Conservatory of Music dependent from Barcelona’s Opera House, the Gran Teatre del Liceu, both pianists, Esther and Abraham Tena Manrique, born in Barcelona in 1972 and 1973 who have been teachers in the same Conservatory for more than 4 years now, set off for New York to work alongside great pianists and teachers such as Herbert Stessin, John Bloomfield, Peter Basquin, Julie Jordan, Ubaldo Díaz Acosta, among others. They paid very frequent visits to that city between 1999 and 2002, a period when many letters of recommendation were written in their support, praising them for their great potential and their musical intelligence. The current Tena Manrique Piano Duet stems from their determination to unearth a repertoire that is virtually unknown to the great public. Their artistic path started in the Aragonese region, and since its debut in 2006 they have performed in places like Barcelona, Zaragoza, Huesca, Teruel, Logroño, Toledo, Fraga, Ejea de los Caballeros, etc. Duet member Abraham Tena Manrique also embraced composition, having published 2 volumes of his works (Beethoven Publicacions, 2013). One of the volumes consists of pieces for piano solo and the other of compositions for piano four-hands. Many of these works have been performed in several concerts over the last years, receiving critical praise for the excellence of their composition. Their duet repertoire usually includes these pieces, which in a way can be considered a sort of personal diary kept by the composer. The Tena Manrique Piano Duet has various programs: Audio recordings can be found here The Tena Manrique Piano Duet performs two different programs, the brother and sister have a repertoire that includes works both by the great names in the history of classical music (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms, Liszt, Debussy, Nietzsche) and by Abraham Tena Manrique himself. Audio recordings exist from the following works: Dúo Pianístico Tena Manrique After finishing their musical studies in the Conservatory of Music dependent from Barcelona’s Opera House, the Gran Teatre del Liceu, both pianists, Esther and Abraham Tena Manrique, born in Barcelona in 1972 and 1973 who have been teachers in the same Conservatory for more than 4 years now, set off for New York to work alongside great pianists and teachers such as Herbert Stessin, John Bloomfield, Peter Basquin, Julie Jordan, Ubaldo Díaz Acosta, among others. They paid very frequent visits | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Carmel College Sixth Form Carmel College Sixth Form is a sixth form college on "The Headlands" in Hummersknott, Darlington, England. It is a post-16 extension of Carmel College, A Catholic Academy of which the college is attached to. Carmel Sixth Form College admits around 150 students each year, mostly aged between 16–18. It offers full-time courses of around 30 AS and A-level courses and several BTEC and enrichment courses. General entry requirements are 5 GCSEs at grades A*-C, however, many courses may request at least a grade B in specific subjects. The most recent A-level exam results (summer 2011) were outstanding with a pass rate of 99.4% and an average of 922 points per student. Carmel Sixth Form College performs in the top twenty state schools at A-level in the North East. Carmel College Sixth Form Carmel College Sixth Form is a sixth form college on "The Headlands" in Hummersknott, Darlington, England. It is a post-16 extension of Carmel College, A Catholic Academy of which the college is attached to. Carmel Sixth Form College admits around 150 students each year, mostly aged between 16–18. It offers full-time courses of around 30 AS and A-level courses and several BTEC and enrichment | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Mauritian diaspora in the United Kingdom Mauritian diaspora in the United Kingdom are British people with Mauritian descent, or who were born in Mauritius. The 2001 UK Census recorded 27,078 Mauritian-born people living in the UK. The 2011 UK Census recorded 40,890 Mauritian-born residents in England, 434 in Wales, 571 in Scotland, and 83 in Northern Ireland. The Office for National Statistics estimates that in 2014, 41,000 people born in Mauritius were resident in the UK. Up until 1968, Mauritius was under British rule, and the nation remains very closely linked to the UK, hence the UK being a popular destination for Mauritian emigrants. Mauritian diaspora in the United Kingdom Mauritian diaspora in the United Kingdom are British people with Mauritian descent, or who were born in Mauritius. The 2001 UK Census recorded 27,078 Mauritian-born people living in the UK. The 2011 UK Census recorded 40,890 Mauritian-born residents in England, 434 in Wales, 571 in Scotland, and 83 in Northern Ireland. The Office for National Statistics estimates that in 2014, 41,000 people born in Mauritius were resident in the UK. Up until 1968, Mauritius was under British rule, and the nation remains very closely linked to the UK, hence the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
The Burning World (album) The Burning World is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock band Swans. It was released in 1989, through record label Uni Records; the band's only major label release. Co-produced by Bill Laswell and band leader Michael Gira, the album features a major stylistic shift from their past releases, being very tuneful and accessible compared to the bleak, industrialized sound from their past records. It received a mixed reception and was a commercial disappointment; the band was dropped off the record label following its poor performance. Following the unexpected popularity of the band's cover of Joy Division's "Love Will Tear Us Apart," the band signed to Uni Records, owned by MCA Inc. (now Universal Music). Due to Uni's insistence, Swans leader Michael Gira co-produced the album with bass guitarist Bill Laswell. During the recording sessions, Swans, which consisted of Gira, Jarboe and Norman Westberg at that time, were accompanied by Laswell on bass guitar, as well as a series of session musicians on "multicultural instruments." According to Gira, the album was recorded "piecemeal, with no communication between musicians." "The Burning World" marks a radical shift in the band's musical style, as Swans eschewed their previous aggressive, brutal sound and "fully embraced the dark Americana they flirted with on their previous album, "Children of God". The album's style has been described as "acoustic-folk" and "'world music' rock with electric shadings." Laswell's production work also weights on the album's sound, with "a much more somber, elegiac approach to music-making." The album also features duets between Gira and Jarboe. According to Thom Jurek of AllMusic, guitarist Norman Westberg "played as much acoustic guitar as electric guitar on the record" and Jarboe’s keyboards mostly "floated through the mix." Despite appreciating Laswell's production work in general, Gira was critical of the album. In 2011, he stated: "I abhor that record. Bill Laswell is a very good producer, but we didn't mesh well. I was intimidated and sang in this cramped, monotone way. It didn't sell, and we got dropped." The album was reissued on CD by Water Records in 2012. Despite Gira's reservations about the record, the track "God Damn The Sun" has remained a favourite in his solo performances. The album received mixed to positive reviews from music critics, who often criticized Bill Laswell's production. AllMusic wrote, "Ultimately, "Burning" sounds more like a compromised major label Laswell project than a Swans album, to its overall detriment", calling the album a "general disappointment". On the other hand, "Trouser Press" was favorable, writing: ""The Burning World" benefits a great deal from the world music instrumentation and structural abilities Laswell brings to it. The arrangements are uniformly strong, the gentler sounds don't strike one as a compromise and the cover of Blind Faith's "Can't Find My Way Home" is both apt and surprising", ultimately calling the album "a nice one that's almost as haunting as it wants to be." Rosemary Passatino of "Spin" praised the album, commenting: "Shockingly, "Burning World" is unbashedly pretty as it is dark." She also described the album as "elegant" and "surprisingly tender." While the album reportedly sold only 5,000 copies in the United Kingdom, the single "Saved" enjoyed relative success, peaking at number 20 on the U.S. College Radio charts and number 28 on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks chart, respectively. Following the commercial disappointment of the album, the band was dropped from Uni Records. The Burning World (album) The Burning World is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock band Swans. It was released in 1989, through record label Uni Records; the band's only major | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (video game) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a video game for multiple platforms released by Sony Imagesoft and based on the 1994 film of the same name. Versions of the game were released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, the Sega CD and the Sega Genesis. The Genesis/SNES version is an action game developed by Bits Studios, while the Sega CD version is an adventure game with action elements developed by Psygnosis. The Sega CD version was bundled with a bonus game, the previous Sony Imagesoft release "Bram Stoker's Dracula". The player controls Frankenstein's monster as he stomps through the streets of Ingolstadt, Bavaria, in the year 1793 seeking revenge against a certain man named Victor for rejecting him once he was created. Since he is a product of artificial manufacturing, he is condemned and declared a monster by peasants and soldiers. The common folks that strive to kill Frankenstein's monster are highly ignorant about modern science and believe that he is truly a demon. The game follows the plot of the movie closely with some alterations or padding, most notably the removal of Elizabeth's death scene yet her resurrection as an abomination is kept and she's fought as a boss that dies after being accidentally set on fire. The Sega CD version has an original ending where the Creature steals the resurrected Elizabeth and escapes with her in the Artic after killing Frankenstein. The player uses a wooden stick to ward off enemies. The stick that Frankenstein's monster carries can be put on fire if swung towards fire. Frankenstein also has an additional attack; a blue ball of negative energy that pops up when the player releases the button. Peasants in the game can either be male or female; soldiers are always male. The female peasants attack with pots while the male peasants attack with melee weapons. However, the soldiers (men dressed in red) attack the player with musket shots. Simple puzzles involving switches and pulleys must be solved in order to progress within the levels. The Sega CD version is an adventure game similar to point-and-click games but without a cursor with the gameplay changing to a 2D Fighting game when the Creature is attacked. "Electronic Gaming Monthly" gave the Sega CD version a 5.8 out of 10, commenting that "This is a challenging game in the One-player Mode; however, the one-on-one fighting sequences are awkward and don't work so well." "GamePro" stated that "The lengthy treks to collect puzzle-solving objects are challenging but ultimately a no-brainer." They further criticized that aside from the cinematics, the graphics are flat and dull, and that the bundled "Bram Stoker's Dracula" is of no better quality than the main game. "Next Generation" reviewed the Sega CD version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that "It takes some work to get into, but if you stick with it, the game has its mild rewards." "Entertainment Weekly" gave the game a D- and wrote that "Welcome to 'Hollywired,' where you play turgid, half-baked videogame adaptations of turgid, half-baked movies. About the only interesting thing Sony did with Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was to cast it as a role-playing, rather than an action, game, but it's still awful: Even fans of the Kenneth Branagh movie will find it hard to get past the first scene, in which Frankenstein's monster hobbles around the doctor's lab like an aged pensioner looking for his Social Security check. It's saved from total failure by this line from the enclosed tip sheet: 'If you come across the flies, use the manure to get past them.'" Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (video game) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a video game for multiple platforms released by Sony Imagesoft and based on the 1994 film of the same name. Versions of the game were released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, the Sega CD and the Sega Genesis. The Genesis/SNES version is an action game developed by Bits Studios, while the Sega CD version is an adventure game with action elements developed by Psygnosis. The Sega CD version was bundled with a bonus game, the previous Sony Imagesoft release "Bram Stoker's Dracula". The player controls Frankenstein's monster | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Wendi Henderson Wendi Judith Henderson (born 16 July 1971) is an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Henderson made her full Football Ferns debut as a substitute in a 3–0 win over Hawaii on 12 December 1987. She was for a time New Zealand's most capped female player with 64 caps and 16 goals to her credit, before Hayley Moorwood surpassed this total on 19 June 2011. Henderson represented New Zealand at the Women's World Cup finals in China in 1991, and again in 2007, becoming the first New Zealand player to represent her country in two senior football world cups. Wendi Henderson Wendi Judith Henderson (born 16 July 1971) is an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Henderson made her full Football Ferns debut as a substitute in a 3–0 win over Hawaii on 12 December 1987. She was for a time New Zealand's most capped female player with 64 caps and 16 goals to her credit, before Hayley Moorwood surpassed this total on 19 June 2011. Henderson represented New Zealand at the Women's World Cup finals in China in 1991, and again in 2007, becoming the first New Zealand player | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Cochise County Airport Cochise County Airport is a county-owned public-use airport in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. It is located west of the central business district of Willcox, Arizona. This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorized it as a "general aviation" facility. Cochise County Airport covers an area of at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 3/21 with an asphalt surface measuring 6,095 by 75 feet (1,858 x 23 m). For the 12-month period ending April 15, 2008, the airport had 8,500 aircraft operations, an average of 23 per day: 94% general aviation and 6% military. At that time there were 25 aircraft based at this airport: 96% single-engine and 4% helicopter. Cochise County Airport Cochise County Airport is a county-owned public-use airport in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. It is located west of the central business district of Willcox, Arizona. This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorized it as a "general aviation" facility. Cochise County Airport covers an area of at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
DRDO Sarvatra Sarvatra is a truck-mounted, multi-span, mobile bridging system developed by Research and Development Establishment (R&DE) of Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian army. Its nodal production agency is Bharat Earth Movers, Bangalore. The Sarvatra is a 75 meters long multi-span mobile bridging system consists of five scissors bridge made of aluminum alloy having span of 15 meters each mounted on separate mobile platform. Each mobile platform is a modified Tatra 815 VVN 8 x 8 chassis drive-able from both ends by having an additional small cabin with required driving controls. Further a microprocessor based control system is utillised to deploy and operationalise the entire system in less than two and half hours. When the 15 meter long scissors bridge is opened out it is fitted with adjustable trestles to enable a number of units to be used to bridge wet and dry gaps. All five sections are laid to provide a total bridge length of 75 m providing a roadway of four meters. The bridge is launched/recovered from either end. With the help of telescopic legs, the height of the bridge is adjusted from 2.5 m to 6 m so that it is not easily visible from far. The Sarvatra project was sanctioned in 1994 and completed development in October 1999 at a total cost of Rs 230 million. It was approved for production in March 2000 after trials. The Sarvatra will replace the East European PMS Bridges, in service of Indian army which require 57 Tatra vehicles to bridge 100 metres. In contrast, the Sarvatra, with just five Tatra trucks, bridges 75 metres. At Rs 600 million per set, the PMS costs almost thrice as much as a Sarvatra. A 20 m variant of Sarvatra bridge system capable of bridging a gap of 100 meters have also been developed. DRDO Sarvatra Sarvatra is a truck-mounted, multi-span, mobile bridging system developed by Research and Development Establishment (R&DE) of Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian army. Its nodal production agency is Bharat Earth Movers, Bangalore. The Sarvatra is a 75 meters long multi-span mobile bridging system consists of five scissors bridge made of aluminum alloy having span of 15 meters each mounted on separate mobile platform. Each mobile platform is a modified Tatra 815 VVN 8 x 8 chassis drive-able from both ends by having an additional small cabin with required driving controls. Further a | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Garmsir District Garmsir District (or Garmser) is located in the southern part of Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The district is large, but all the villages are along the Helmand River. The rest is a desert. The district capital - Garmsir is located in the northwestern part of the district on the east bank of Helmand River. The population is 85,500 - 99% of them Pashtun and 1% Balouch. The district is poor. Main sources of income include daily wages (labors, working in fruit markets, and selling home products, driving, shop keeping etc) and agriculture. Agriculture is the main source of income and most of the arable land is irrigated. Garmsir District Garmsir District (or Garmser) is located in the southern part of Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The district is large, but all the villages are along the Helmand River. The rest is a desert. The district capital - Garmsir is located in the northwestern part of the district on the east bank of Helmand River. The population is 85,500 - 99% of them Pashtun and 1% Balouch. The district is poor. Main sources of income include daily wages (labors, working in fruit markets, and selling home products, driving, shop keeping etc) and | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Inaba Masami Inaba Masami was the eldest son of the previous "daimyō" of Tateyama Domain, Inaba Masamori. On his father’s death in 1820, he succeeded to the head of the Tateyama Inaba clan and the position of "daimyō" of Tateyama. In 1862, he was appointed as a "Wakadoshiyori" in the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate under "Shōgun" Tokugawa Iemochi. He resigned the title in 1864, with instructions to strengthen Japan's naval defenses against the increasing aggressive incursions of foreign black ships, and supported Katsu Kaishū’s efforts to create the Kobe Naval Training Center. He was reappointed as a "Wakadoshiyori" in 1865, and rose to the positions of "Rōjū", Commissioner of the Army and Fleet Admiral of the Tokugawa Navy under "Shōgun" Tokugawa Yoshinobu. He held these posts until 1868. However, with the start of the Boshin War, he refused to take an active role against the Satchō Alliance and went into retirement at Tateyama Castle, turning the domain over to his son Inaba Masayoshi. He died in 1879. Inaba Masami was married to a daughter of Suwa Tadamichi, "daimyō" of Suwa Domain in Shinano Province. Inaba Masami Inaba Masami was the eldest son of the previous "daimyō" of Tateyama Domain, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Wild Rivers (water park) Wild Rivers was a water park in Irvine, California, United States. It opened in July 1986 on the site of the former Lion Country Safari. Following the expiration of its lease with The Irvine Company, it closed permanently on September 25, 2011. Since the closure, there have been plans to recreate Wild Rivers in Irvine on or near the Orange County Great Park, which have been under development. Before Wild Rivers was built, the land was a drive-through zoo called Lion Country Safari, which went bankrupt and closed in 1984. Construction on Wild Rivers "Mountain" began in 1985 and the park itself opened in 1986. In early 2011, Wild Rivers announced that it had lost its lease with The Irvine Company. Both the park and the adjacent Camp James were scheduled to close at the end of the 2011 season. The park was planned to be demolished with 1,750 apartments being built in its place. A new water park was planned to be built on public land near the Orange County Great Park, and was scheduled to open to the public in May 2014. Since 2012, there have been attempts to redevelop Wild Rivers on or near the Orange County Great Park. It was originally slated that a Wild Rivers park would open in May 2014, but it was then delayed a year later to May 2015 before it was cancelled altogether due to financial and land approval issues. In March 2016, the plans were revived and three months later, on June 26, 2016, the Great Park Board proposed two sites: one 35 acres and the other 60 acres. In late April 2017, Wild Rivers successfully negotiated a contract with the Irvine City Council, acting as the Orange County Great Park, paving the way for their return to Irvine, which was slated to place in summer 2019. However, in August 2018, Wild Rivers posted on their Facebook page that the opening date would be pushed back again to 2020 as they were finalizing the lease terms and finishing the environmental study. Due to building a new village. Wild Rivers (water park) Wild Rivers was a water park in Irvine, California, United States. It opened in July 1986 on the site of the former Lion Country Safari. Following the expiration of its lease with The Irvine Company, it closed permanently on September 25, 2011. Since the closure, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Farm to Market Road 1776 Farm to Market Road 1776 (FM 1776) is a Farm to Market Road in the U.S. state of Texas maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The road begins at a junction with Interstate 10 (I-10) and U.S. Highway 67 (US 67) in Pecos County west of Fort Stockton and extends northward through the town of Coyanosa before ending at State Highway 18 (SH 18) in Ward County south of Monahans. The road has an interchange with US 285 northeast of Fort Stockton. Before the road was established, TxDOT had previously assigned the road's numerical designation to two other roads in eastern Texas. FM 1776 begins at I-10 Exit 248 as a northward extension of the US 67 roadway which approaches from the southwest from Alpine and merges with I-10. The two-lane road continues to the north beneath the US 285 underpass and reaches Coyanosa. North of Coyanosa, FM 1776 joins and follows FM 1450 for a half-mile (0.8 km) stretch southeast of the city of Pecos before turning off to the northeast. The road then leaves Pecos County at the Pecos River and crosses into Ward County where it intersects FM 1927 south of Pyote. The road then proceeds to the northeast crossing FM 1219 between Royalty and Wickett before terminating at SH 18 approximately south of Monahans. FM 1776 provides the most direct access to Monahans and points further east along I-20 from Alpine and more southern communities including Lajitas, Study Butte, and Terlingua. FM 1776 has a rural major collector functional class as rated by TxDOT. The road has a speed limit in Pecos County except for a section between US 285 and Coyanosa and a speed limit of in Ward County. The road has average annual daily traffic (AADT) counts ranging from a low of 440 vehicles along the section between I-10 and US 285 to a high of 960 vehicles between Coyanosa and FM 1450. TxDOT projects these numbers to increase by 2030 to a low of 760 vehicles between I-10 and US 285 to a high of 1460 vehicles between FM 1450 and the Pecos River. Peak hour truck traffic ranges from 23.5 percent between Ward County Road 94 and SH 18 to 39 percent between US 285 and Pecos County Road 72. FM 1776 was originally designated northward along a former alignment of US 96 between SH 184 at Bronson in Sabine County and SH 21 at Ford's Corner in San Augustine County on May 23, 1951. The former road became an extension of FM 1 on October 14, 1954. FM 1776 was briefly designated on February 17, 1955 along a Grimes County route from FM 149 in Richards southeastward toward Dacus to the Montgomery County line. The designation of the route did not survive the year before being combined with FM 1486 on November 2 of that year. The current route was designated on February 24, 1956 between FM 1450 and SH 18. The road was extended southward through Coyanosa to US 67 and US 290, the predecessor route to I-10 in much of western Texas, on May 6, 1964. Construction began on the US 285 interchange in 2011 and was completed the following year. The interchange was funded through a 2009 safety bond program due to a history of fatal accidents. Farm to Market Road 1776 Farm to Market Road 1776 (FM 1776) is a Farm to Market Road in the U.S. state of Texas maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The road begins at a junction with Interstate 10 (I-10) and U.S. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea The Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea (Spanish: "Asociación para el Comercio Justo y Solidario Pangea") is a secular human development non-governmental organization best known for its work on fair trade and Food sovereignty. It was founded in 1995 by a group of former volunteers looking for a new way to spread their views on fair trade, responsible consumption and social action in Santiago de Compostela and Galicia." It is governed in a participative and democratic way by its members, who organized in commissions, vote and discuss its decisions. Apart from the general annual assembly, it has open and public weekly meetings in the head office." Together with the activities of social education, social action and human development it also has a public open fair trade shop. Pangaea is also an important member of: Galician Net of Conscious and Responsible Consumption (Spanish: "Red de Consumo Consciente y Responsable"), Initiative for Food Sovereignty (Spanish: "Iniciativa por la Soberanía Alimentaria") and Space for a Fair Trade (Spanish:" Espacio por un Comercio Justo")." Pangaea won the 2006 Vagalume Prize in social work awarded by the municipality of Santiago de Compostela besides other minor awards and prizes." Since 2010 Pangaea established itself as Consumer's Cooperative for Fair Trade and Biological Products, under the name of "Panxea S.C.G" The most important work of this association is in Fair Trade and biological products. The first way of achieving this is through its public open fair trade shop. Goods are obtained through Fair Trade importers, which are the first responsibles of guaranteed the origin and Fair Trade Principles of these products. Biological products are directly purchased to local farmers and producers, trying to fulfill proximity criteria and full respect of environmental standards. The rest of the social education, works and lectures are given through the participation in forums, social acts and congresses. Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea The Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea (Spanish: "Asociación para el Comercio Justo y Solidario Pangea") is a secular human development non-governmental organization best known for its work on fair trade and Food sovereignty. It was founded in 1995 by a group of former volunteers looking for a new way to spread their views on fair trade, responsible consumption and social action in Santiago de Compostela and Galicia." It is governed in a participative and democratic way by its | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Nandini (TV series) Nandini was an 2017-2018 Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 and ended on 22 December 2018 on Sun TV.It premired on the same date on Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels also but it is still on-air in these channels. This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier. It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagini and the first in South India. Malavika Wales, Nithya Ram and Rahul Ravi are the main protagonists of the series. The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo. The show has been praised and well received by the audience, becoming a huge success and India's most watched television series in a matter of weeks since it first aired.. It is edited by National award winner Srikanth.N.B and his long time associate C. M. Selvakumar. Ganga is the adoptive daughter of a servant named Manikyaam residing in an outhouse of a palace. The palace is owned by a billionaire named Rajashekhar . Ganga is very passionate about the temple in the courtyyard of the palace. She worships the deity residing in it as ‘Nagamma’, does Naga Theyyam every 20th Amavasi. But she is unaware of the fact that the snake is actually an "Ichchadhaari Nagam", (Avenging Shapeshifting snake) which has been waiting since many years to avenge Rajashekhar's family and is under the control of a magical bond of a Malayali Nambhoodhiri. In case the mantra kattu tied on the temple door is broken by a woman, who is the worshiper of the snake,it would regain all its powers. Rajashekhar decides to get his son Arun married. His relatives are summoned, who eye only the wealth of the family.Arun falls in love with Janaki. They get married. But Janaki dies due to childbirth issues. But after a few day's ghostly events take place. And then it is known that Arun's first wife, Janaki’s spirit causes all the confusion to stop the asset-hungry relatives who were trying to cheat her husband Arun. The Nambhoodhiri understands from the spirit of Janaki, that her romantic life with Arun was ended by her death due to childbirth complications was actually killed by Arun’s uncle Dharmaraj, his son Moorthy & Arun's friend Balaji because they had a dislike to their marriage. Meanwhile, Arun learns that Devasena, his child through Janaki, is alive and brings her to the Palace. Janaki kills Arun's friend Balaji and Dharmaraj as a vengeance of her death. The relatives who are already panicked by Janaki's spirit are further discouraged by Devasena’s arrival, and get away from the marriage arrangements. The Nambhoodhiri advises the family to marry Ganga, who has the divine blessings, to Arun. One day, Ganga accidentally breaks mantra kattu. Her bloods falls on the snake. It breaks the supernatural curse which kept the "Icchaadhaari Nagam" sealed in the snakemount and it comes out. After this incident, the snake is now free from its curse and is getting ready to avenge Rajasekar’s family. The Ichchadhari snake mentions to Ganga that it requires a human body to exact its revenge without any suspicions from anyone in the family and while revealing her identity as an individual in the name of Nandini, even though Ganga refuses to accept and allow Nandini (Icchaadhaari Nagam) to continue her vengeance and kill the whole family, Nandini vehemently continues its sole purpose by transmigrating herself into Ganga's body, therefore successfully possessing Ganga. The next day was Ganga's and Arun's marriage, which happened while Nandini was in Ganga's body. Janaki enters Devasena's body to save her family and finish the evil Nandini's tricks. After many incidents, Nandini fails to kill Arun and Devasena because of Janaki. Meanwhile many conflicts arise between Arun and Ganga as Arun married Seetha,a woman who has exact resemblance of Janaki.Later she goes abroad. Later, it is revealed that twenty seven years ago, Nandhini and Ganga are actually twin sisters. Their father Rathnavel a normal human being and their mother Parvathi, a shapeshifting snake fell in love with each other and got married. But Parvathi's snake kingdom (Khargodaka Clan) disapproves this marriage and tries to kill Shiva. Parvathi finally gave birth to the twin sisters, Nandhini and Ganga. Nandhini is the sister with snake element while Ganga with human element. In order to save her husband from the clutches of her evil family, she used her powers and transformed him into a transgender. This is due to a taboo that Khargodaka snakes must not kill any transgenders. Now, the husband is known as Seyanayagi who lost his previous memories and became a new person. Parvathi and Seyanayagi got separated when trying to escape from their enemies, which made Parvathi to take Nandhini whilst Seyanayagi took Ganga with him. Years passed by, Ganga was adopted by Manickam while Nandhini grew up with Parvathi who gradually became an expert in Ayurvedic medicine and devotee of Kattu Amman. But later Parvathi was brutally murdered by Rajashekhar and Madhavi( Namboodri's sister) with the help of their friends Vishwanath,Namboothri and Kumar for attaining The Three Kalachakras present at the idol of Kattu Amman. Before her death, Parvati asks Nandhini (who was a baby snake) avenge her death and bring back all the three Kalachakras to Kattu Amman temple. Twenty seven years later, Nandhini managed to kill Kumar, Namboothiri,Viswanath and Rajasekhar which instigated Arun to seek revenge against Nandhini to avenge his father's death. Madhavi decides to kill Nandhini for murdering his brother, Namboothiri. Nandhini who now have gotten her own human form, acquires the identical appearance as Ganga. Later, Seiyanayagi regained his old memories and revealed the truth to Ganga and Nandhini. Seiyanayagi, Ganga and Nandhini reunites after knowing that all of them are blood related. Nandhini managed to obtain one of the Kalachakras but the remaining two Kalachakras of Kattu Amman went into the possession of an unknown magical force. The unknown force stole the two Kalachakras from Rajasekhar and Madhavi. Nandhini and Seiyanayagi are now in search of the unknown force to locate the remaining two Kalachakras. In the mean time, Ganga is forced by her husband, Arun to be separated from Nandhini since she is the killer of his father. Later, Janaki's spirit at last rest in peace and achieved a position in the 'world of spirits'. A lady along with her brother enters the palace and is revealed that she is Rajashekhar's 2nd wife and he has a daughter in her.But the real daughter and wife of Rajashekhar was trapped by her own Brother Sathyanarayanan and his wife and they had entered the home to get the property.They force their daughter Brinda to act as Malathi. Sathyanarayanan has ill motives towards Ganga. Seetha, a woman that has exact facial features as Janaki comes back from London and enters the palace to meet Arun and Ganga. Ganga revealed the ill motives of Sathyanarayanan to Seetha, and they fights together against Sathya Narayan and successfully sends him out of the palace.Meanwhile,Chamundi the dwarf woman who hunted for Kalachakram had come back again and captured one Kalachakram.Janaki came back once again because of request of Ganga and Seetha.Janaki entered Seetha's body.Later the Mayashakthi is revealed to be Namboothiri who once again returned.He and Madhavi killed Muniappa and acquired two kalachakras.Meanwhile Chamundi created a rift between Ganga and Nandini.She was killed by Janaki and the kalachakra was taken by Ganga.meanwhile Nandini promises that she will kill Arun, Malathi and other family members and return kalchakras on the day of Malathi's marriage.Madhavi gets the third kalachakra and Namboothiri again gets his human form. Climax: On the day of Malathi's marriage,Nandini captures all family | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
and successfully sends him out of the palace.Meanwhile,Chamundi the dwarf woman who hunted for Kalachakram had come back again and captured one Kalachakram.Janaki came back once again because of request of Ganga and Seetha.Janaki entered Seetha's body.Later the Mayashakthi is revealed to be Namboothiri who once again returned.He and Madhavi killed Muniappa and acquired two kalachakras.Meanwhile Chamundi created a rift between Ganga and Nandini.She was killed by Janaki and the kalachakra was taken by Ganga.meanwhile Nandini promises that she will kill Arun, Malathi and other family members and return kalchakras on the day of Malathi's marriage.Madhavi gets the third kalachakra and Namboothiri again gets his human form. Climax: On the day of Malathi's marriage,Nandini captures all family members and demands Kalachakra.Later Namboothiri captures Nandini. Nandini always held top 5 positions in BARC Ratings. Nandini (TV Series) was being telecasted in five different TV channels. The details are listed below: The Series was released on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, the series also airs on Sun TV HD. The Show was also broadcast internationally on Channel's international distribution. It airs in Sri Lanka, South East Asia, Middle East, United States, Canada, Europe, Oceania, South Africa and Sub Saharan Africa on Sun TV. The episodes can also be watched on SUNNXT app after it airs on TV. Nandini (TV series) Nandini was an 2017-2018 Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 and ended on 22 December 2018 on Sun TV.It premired on the same date on Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels also but it is still on-air in these channels. This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier. It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Jo Hyeon-woo Jo Hyeon-woo (Hangul: ; Hanja: ; born 25 September 1991) is a South Korean footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Daegu FC and the South Korean national team. He was a promising candidate for the Korean U-20 national team, stabilizing the defense by catching both high and low balls and communicating well with his team members. Jo Hyeon-woo was born between his mother and father, who was a gymnast in Seoul. Jo Hyeon-woo, who was a freshman in elementary school, decided to become a goalkeeper when he saw Kim Byung-ji's lead while watching 1998 France. Later, he said, "I'm excited because I started playing soccer after watching the World Cup, so I can be someone's dream." In the fifth grade of elementary school, the football coach of Shinjeong Elementary School Ham Sang-heon asked which child was the best goalkeeper in the schoolyard while worrying about not having a goalkeeper. The children pointed to Jo Hyeon-woo. At that time, coach Ham Sang-hun made several shots for the test and ordered Jo to save it. Jo Hyeon-woo prevented it, and Jo started his career as a goalkeeper when he was in fifth grade. Since then, he has been the main goalkeeper, and has played in national tournaments. In response, manager Ham Sang-hun said, "It was not once or twice that Hyeon-woo won by blocking Penalty shoot-out. He was selected by Daegu FC in the 2013 K League 1 draft. In November 2015, Jo was called up for South Korea's national team by manager Uli Stielike to play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers against Laos and Myanmar. He was selected as the national representative for the EAFF E-1 Football Championship in 2017 winning the competition's best goalkeeper award. In May 2018 he was named in South Korea’s preliminary 28-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Originally chosen as the third-choice keeper, he ended up in the starting line-up due to his being taller than the other two keepers. His performances in the first two matches against Sweden and Mexico were impressive, despite both ending in defeats for South Korea. He was lauded particularly for his point-blank save of Swedish striker Marcus Berg which put him in the spotlight. Jo then played a prominent role in Germany's historic elimination from the group stages for the first time since 1938 with a stellar performance, earning him the Man of the Match award. Cho made seven saves without conceding any goals. Unbeknownst to Jo or his teammates until the match was over, South Korea was also eliminated from the tournament despite their win (due to Sweden beating Mexico 0–3). South Korea finished ahead of Germany in Group F, placing third. Jo was named in South Korea national under-23 football team squad for the 2018 Asian Games by wild card. He appeared two matches against Bahrain and Kyrgyzstan in the group stage and finalized them by clean sheets. He also appeared round of 16 against Iran, but he was injured in the match suddenly. He was replaced with Song Bum-keun at the second half and he was excepted in the quarter-final starting line-up, but Song conceded 3 goals against Uzbekistan. Song received many criticisms, so Jo appeared the semi-final and final eventually. Jo contributed to team’s gold medal by conceding 2 goals in the tournament and he was exempted from mandatory military service. South Korea South Korea U23 Daegu FC Jo Hyeon-woo Jo Hyeon-woo (Hangul: ; Hanja: ; born 25 September 1991) is a South Korean footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Daegu FC and the South Korean national team. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Kallakurichi Kallakurichi is a municipality of Viluppuram district, Tamil Nadu, India and a Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu. As of 2015, the town had a population of 57,628 According to 2011 census, Kallakkurichi had a population of 52,507 with a sex-ratio of 984 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,541 were under the age of six, constituting 2,914 males and 2,627 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 15.49% and .27% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 77.08%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 12801 households. There were a total of 19,013 workers, comprising 471 cultivators, 840 main agricultural labourers, 537 in house hold industries, 14,673 other workers, 2,492 marginal workers, 33 marginal cultivators, 414 marginal agricultural labourers, 102 marginal workers in household industries and 1,943 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Kallakkurichi had 83.87% Hindus, 13.4% Muslims, 1.72% Christians, 0.04% Sikhs, 0.02% Buddhists, 0.17% Jains, 0.71% following other religions and 0.08% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference. Prior to 1960, Kallakurichi was considered a village. That year, Kallakurichi became Town Panchayat, then was subsequently upgraded to Special Grade Town Panchayat. On 20 October 2004, it was further upgraded to Third Grade Municipality. Later, on 7 September 2010, this municipality was upgraded to First Grade Municipality. The area of this municipality is 11.69 km divided into 21 wards. The climate is moderate, with the maximum temperature being 38 °C and the minimum at 21 °C. The town gets its rainfall from the northeast monsoon during the winter months and the southwest monsoon during the summer months. The average annual rainfall is 1,070 mm. The town is well connected by roads, with frequent buses from Salem, Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Viluppuram, Sankarapuram, Thirukovilur, Chennai, Bangalore, Erode, Cuddalore, Chidambaram, Pondy, Thiruvannamalai, Tindivanam, Vellore, Hosur, Trichy, Perambalur, Rasipuram, Thuraiyur, Namakkal and other surrounding towns. Kallakurichi is on National Highway 79, which is a four-lane dual carriage road network connecting Chennai and Viluppuram with Salem, Coimbatore, Erode, Tirupur, Palghat and Cochin. And another National Highway is (Kallakurichi-Sankarapuram- Thiruvannamalai). One State Highway is SH-204(Kallakurichi to Veppur, Trichy Road). The Chinnasalem town's railway station serves trains on the route to Mettur, Cuddalore, Nagore, Pondicherry, Salem, Coimbatore, Mangalore, Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai. Kallakurichi is not connected by railway.Recent Railway Budget announced a new line from Chinnasalem to Kallakurichi which connects with Salem to Vridhachalam BG line. The nearest domestic airport is in Salem, but this airport is currently not in use. Chennai and Trichy are the nearest international airports. Kallakurichi is nearer to Kalvarayan Hills. The proximity of clouds fall near the peak of Vellimalai hilltop is a popular tourist spot for locals during the monsoon season. Vellimalai is a pristine unexplored location. list of tourist spots : Kallakurichi is an emerging agricultural town in Villupuram district. There are over 10 Rice processing units or modern rice (mills) both small and big in this town. Textiles, Jewellery and agricultural feeds are major businesses. The town has two government co-operative sugar mills and one private sugar mill is there, and one solvent extraction plants. There are many poultry farms in and around Kallakurichi.The name is derived due to the green lusture of this village along the banks of the river gomuki which nourishes the village by its water. It was under the great chola empire. The principal occupation of this village is agriculture. There are a number of temples in around the village. The famous temples are Suambu sree annamaliyar temple, sree sadaiappa temple, lord venkateshwara temple, drowpathi amman temple, periyayi and kattery temples. These temples are located in the north of the village in the farmyards. The car festival for sree sadaippa temple is conducted once in every twelve years. Thenkeeranur is the largest revenue village in the kallakurichi taluk. It has two large lakes for irrigation one in the north and the other in the south. A Co-operative society bank is located here to help the farming community. Kallakurichi is an educational center of Western Villupuram District, having A.K.T matriculation higher secondary school and many schools and colleges in and around the locality.It has one middle school which was given the land and built by late sri |Swaminathan pillai the then president of this village.It has a primary health care centre . Sembakkurichi (village) Kallakurichi Kallakurichi is a municipality of Viluppuram district, Tamil Nadu, India and a Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu. As of 2015, the town had a population of 57,628 According to 2011 census, Kallakkurichi had a population of 52,507 with a sex-ratio of 984 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,541 were under the age of | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Christian country music Christian country music (sometimes marketed as country gospel, gospel country, positive country or inspirational country) is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music. Christian country music is a form of Christian music and a subgenre of both Gospel music and Country music. Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian country music varies according to culture and social context. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes with a positive message, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace. However, a common theme as with most Christian music is praise, worship or thanks to God and/or Christ. Christian country music has been around for generations. It originated as a blend of early mountain music, cowboy music and the music from the plantations of the Deep South. It was out of this blend of music that Southern Gospel music was birthed and was found primarily in the southern states. Today, Christian country music has blended with a new brand of music called Positive Christian Country music. The music tends to deal with life's problems and God's answers to those problems, and it doesn't sound like the religious music of years past. It has attracted extraordinary talent and quality in production, thereby making it palatable to the ears of the unchurched who like the sounds of today's country music. It's becoming a tool for evangelism all over the world and through it many churches have sprung up around the country with country gospel as their main musical format. Many Christian country organizations have been around for a great number of years. The oldest of all of these organizations is the International Country Gospel Music Association which was founded in 1957. These organizations were founded to further artists careers much in the same manner as the GMA, NARAS or CMA. Many of these organizations have yearly conventions which hosts music showcases and awards shows. The CCMA was sued by the CMA for award name right infringement. The CCMA renamed their awards show after a federal judge ruled that they could no longer use the name. The new name is the ICM Music Awards' which stands for "Inspirational Country Music". Radio personality Bob Wilson was one of the first radio personalities to see the potential of the genre. His weekly show "Gospel Country Round-up" aired for many years playing southern and Christian country music. Many Christian country stations today are going the way of Internet stations. That is a positive move for this genre, however, because there are few terrestrial radio stations that play a strictly Christian country format. Many mainstream country stations only have a weekly Sunday Country Gospel show. Christian country has several syndicated programs. The "Country Gospel Countdown" has broadcast since 1984 and syndicated since 1988, "The Country Parson" radio program, broadcast since 1995 and has been syndicated since 1998. "Today's Cross Country with Marty Smith, broadcast since 1995, syndicated since 1996." "Ken's Country Radio Show", The "Radio Hour", "Country Messenger", "The Ranch" radio show on KKUS, and Canadian produced "Riverside Country". The Country Gospel Music Guild also airs a weekly radio program while "Circuit Rider Radio" airs on conventional and satellite radio worldwide. Other syndicated weekend shows that feature Inspirational and Positive Country music are "Power Source Top 20", and finally, the "American Christian Music Review" for United Stations Radio Networks. These programs are aired nationwide weekly on both Country and Southern Gospel radio stations. Many secular country music artists have recorded country gospel songs or have performed them on their radio and television programs. From 1956-1960, two network shows usually concluded with a gospel number, which was popular with viewers: "The Tennessee Ernie Ford Show" and Red Foley's "Ozark Jubilee". Other shows like "Hee Haw", the Barbara Mandrell and the Mandrell Sisters Show, and the Statler Brothers implemented the same programming style. For instance, "Hee Haw" featured a gospel song at the end of each of its shows; series stars Roy Clark, Buck Owens, Grandpa Jones and Kenny Price would sing either a traditional hymn or a newer one well known by mainstream country and Christian country audiences, and the segment itself served as a balance to the show's loony, corn-style humor. "The Grand Ole Opry", the longest running radio show and one of the most popular country music shows, has always included gospel music as a part of its program. In the past, most Christian country music was recorded by groups with southern gospel flair like the Oak Ridge Boys, The Cook Family Singers, Red Sovine, The Louvin Brothers and The Carter Family. Eventually, more mainstream country artists—ranging from Loretta Lynn and Dolly Parton to Alabama and Alan Jackson—recorded gospel albums while continuing to record secular music. Johnny Cash, a devout Christian despite living a troubled life, recorded several best-selling gospel albums and always included a Christian song in his concerts. Ray Stevens, a musician known primarily for his comedy and novelty recordings, also recorded an album of Christian music and mixed Christian themes in his serious ("Everything is Beautiful," stressing unity) and novelty (for instance, "Mississippi Squirrel Revival," which had a theme of repentance) mainstream releases. Although The Oak Ridge Boys began releasing secular country songs in the late 1970s, they always maintained their gospel roots by recording religious material and performing gospel songs in their concerts, as well as releasing songs stressing Christian values and family unity. At times, gospel and Christian-themed songs earned mass mainstream appeal. Among the most popular of these songs included "Why Me" by Kris Kristofferson (1973, a plea for God's guidance and forgiveness), "The Seeker" by Dolly Parton (1975, a spiritual), "One Day at a Time" by Cristy Lane (1980, co-written by Kristofferson), "Three Wooden Crosses" by Randy Travis (2003, where a prostitute gives birth to a man who eventually becomes a preacher), "Long Black Train" by Josh Turner (2003, about resisting temptation from Satan and following the Lord instead); "Jesus Take the Wheel" by Carrie Underwood (2005, where a woman turns to Christ) and "When I Get Where I'm Going" by Brad Paisley (2006, about the afterlife). Christian country music Christian country music (sometimes marketed as country gospel, gospel country, positive country or inspirational country) is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat The Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat ("Natalus jamaicensis") is a species of funnel-eared bat found in Jamaica. It was first described as "Natalus major jamaicensis", later as a subspecies of "Natalus stramineus", and now as its own species. It is of a similar appearance to many species of the genus "Natalus". It lives solely in St. Clair Cave in Jamaica and feeds on insects. "Natalus" was first reported as existing in Jamaica in 1951 by Koopman and Williams based on a partial mandible collected by H. E. Anthony during 1919–1920. They referred to the species as "N. Major". When a live specimen was encountered for the first time in 1959, it was described scientifically by George Gilbert Goodwin as "Natulus major jamaicensis". The type was the skin and skull of a male collected from St. Clair Cave, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica by C.B. Lewis on March 5, 1954. Goodwin described "N. major jamaicanis" as being distinguishable from the "typical" "N. major" by its "higher, shorter, and more globular braincase, more slender, longer, and flatter rostrum, the sides of which are concave instead of inflated and convex as in major, and by the noticeably narrower inter-orbital space". Their forearms are long. They are buffy in coloration. The Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat" "only is found in St. Clair Cave in Jamaica. The IUCN has categorized the species as Critically Endangered because "its extent of occurrence is less than 100 km², all individuals are in a single location, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat". There is also a population of feral cats that live in the cave where these bats are found, likely feeding on bats. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat The Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat ("Natalus jamaicensis") is a species of funnel-eared bat found in Jamaica. It was first described as "Natalus major jamaicensis", later as a subspecies of "Natalus stramineus", and now as its own species. It is of a similar appearance to many species of the genus "Natalus". It lives solely in St. Clair Cave in Jamaica and feeds on insects. "Natalus" was first reported as existing in Jamaica in 1951 by Koopman and Williams based on a partial mandible collected by H. E. Anthony during 1919–1920. They referred to | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Mabel Tainter Memorial Building The Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts, originally named the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building and also known as the Mabel Tainter Theater, is a historic landmark in Menomonie, Wisconsin, and is registered on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The building was commissioned by Captain and Mrs. Andrew Tainter (whose son's house, the Louis Smith Tainter House, is also on the National Register), to honor their late daughter Mabel Tainter, who died in 1886 at age 19. The lumber baron's daughter had enjoyed music and the arts, so the building was designed to serve those areas and no expense was spared by the parents. Designed by Harvey Ellis in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, the building was completed in 1889. The Mabel Tainter Memorial Building, which cost approximately $125,000, was donated by Captain and Mrs. Tainter to the private Mabel Tainter Literary, Library and Education Society to own and manage the building. As stated at the time, "In accordance with her wish, the father and mother have felt the fittest monument to the dear dead is a contribution to the welfare of the living." The building was dedicated on July 3, 1890, with a ceremony in the building's theater. Featured guests were Captain and Mrs. Tainter, Menomonie's mayor and common council, and the president of the Mabel Tainter Literary, Library and Education Society, L. S. Tainter, a brother of the late Mabel. The presentation address was given by Rev. H. D. Maxson, a Unitarian minister who had been instrumental in working with the Tainter family in developing the idea for the building. The trust was accepted by S, W, Hunt, and the dedicatory address was delivered by Rev. J. H. Crocker of Madison, Wisconsin. Until Captain Tainter's death in 1899, he provided the funds to cover the operating costs of the building. At his death, he established an endowment fund of $65,000 for the society. By 1925, the endowment had grown to $105,000 through legacies left by other members of the Tainter family and other individuals. The exterior stone is Dunnville sandstone quarried from along the Red Cedar River about six miles south of town. Ellis used Moorish influences in addition to the Richardsonian Romanesque style that guided most of his work. The interior contains hand-stenciled walls and ceilings, marble staircase and floors, stained glass windows, four fireplaces, brass fixtures and walnut and oak woodwork. The building still has its original Steere and Turner pipe organ, with a total of 1597 pipes and 28 stops; originally water-powered, it was eventually converted to electric power and completely restored. The building included both an ornate 313-seat theater and a reading room. The building was intended to be the home of the Unitarian Society of Menomonie. The original deed to the society gave the Unitarian Society free use of the auditorium, assembly room, parlors, ladies' work room and young men's club room. It continues to meet there on a regular basis. As the name of the society indicates, the building was also intended to become Menomonie's public library, replacing the public library in second-floor rooms across Main Street. The city library donated (subject to recall) 745 of its 3,000 volumes to the new library, distributing the rest to the public schools. The city also provided $200 a year to the new library. The Mabel Tainter Memorial Library opened January 21, 1891 with nearly 4,000 volumes. By 1925 the collection included 16,374 volumes, 2,577 public documents, and 3,930 pamphlets. The private library was open to any resident of the county. Needing more space and better accessibility, the Menomonie Public library moved to a new single story building in 1986. The former Reading Room is now the Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts Box Office & Gallery Store. Although the historic elegance and beauty remain intact at the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building, construction was recently completed to update the building's accessibility and safety features. A new entrance, public elevator, new wiring, a sprinkler system, and other safety updates were installed to improve the facility and ensure its longevity in historic downtown Menomonie. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, is a charter member of the League of Historic American Theatres and a designated Wisconsin Historical Marker Site. Today, the Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts—a tax-exempt, 501(c)3 nonprofit organization—owns and operates the building. The organization offers a performing arts and comedy series, an annual fine arts and crafts fair, and other arts and cultural programming. The Menomonie Theater Guild also presents much of its season at the Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts. Note: Information about the Tainter Memorial assembled for National Register listing some decades ago has been superseded by later historical research, and in fact in recent years the Register information has been modified to reflect the conclusion that Ellis did not design the building. More likely Edgar E. Joralemon, who replaced Ellis in Buffington's office, did. Mabel Tainter Memorial Building The Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts, originally named the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building and also known as the Mabel Tainter Theater, is a historic landmark in Menomonie, Wisconsin, and is registered on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The building was commissioned by Captain and Mrs. Andrew Tainter (whose son's house, the Louis Smith Tainter House, is also on the National Register), to honor their late daughter Mabel Tainter, who | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Adaline Hohf Beery Adaline Hohf Beery (sometimes misspelled Berry; December 20, 1859 – February 24, 1929) was an American author, newspaper and magazine editor, songbook compiler, as well as a hymnwriter. Born into a Pennsylvania Dutch community, her first job after graduating from Mount Morris College in Illinois was as a compositor in a printing office. She served as the editor of "The Golden Dawn" magazine and "The Young Disciple" child's paper; compiled a song-book, "Gospel Chimes"; and was employed by the Brethren Publishing House. Adaline Hohf was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1859. She was of mixed ancestry. Her father, Michael Hohf (1821–1881), was of Dutch extraction, and her mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Bucher (1821–1914), was of Swiss ancestry. Her siblings were Emanuel (1853–1864) and Martha (1864–1948). Born in a Pennsylvania Dutch community, the Pennsylvania German language was the first she learned to speak. She removed with her parents, at the age of four years, to Frederick, Maryland, where she spent her childhood days amid the rural sights and sounds along the Linganore Creek. In 1870, her family removed to Iowa, where, as a school-girl in her teens, she first attempted verse. A talent for composition began its development about that time, and sketches from her pen, in the form of both poetry and prose, found their way into the local papers. She gave no particular evidence of a tendency to rhyme until 1884, at which time she resided in Illinois, when the death of a friend called forth a memorial tribute, which received such commendation from personal friends as to encourage her to continue to work in verse, and poems were frequently written by her afterward. She completed the academic course of Mount Morris College in 1882, and about six months after graduation entered a printing office as compositor. She worked at the case more than four years and in May, 1885, undertook the editing of "The Golden Dawn", an excellent but short-lived magazine published in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. On June 20, 1888, she married (1852–1956), an instructor in vocal music, and soon after rendered him valuable assistance in compiling an excellent song-book, "Gospel Chimes", writing hymns and some music for it. She and her husband were located in Huntingdon, where she edited a child's paper known as "The Young Disciple". Later, the husband and wife worked together in the Brethren Publishing House in Elgin, Illinois. Her family consisted of a son, Leon Felix Beery, born in February 1891, and a daughter, Judith Garber, born in 1897. Beery died in February 24, 1929, in Kane, Illinois. She was buried at Bluff City Cemetery in Elgin. She wrote the music for the hymn "The Holy Bible", and the lyrics for many more hymns: Adaline Hohf Beery Adaline Hohf Beery (sometimes misspelled Berry; December 20, 1859 – February 24, 1929) was an American author, newspaper and magazine editor, songbook compiler, as well as a hymnwriter. Born into a Pennsylvania Dutch community, her first job after graduating from Mount | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Motek Motek Entertainment BV is an animation, motion capture and production studio specializing in services and production work for features, commercials, television, video games, online and mobile media. Motek is based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The company is a subsidiary of Motek BV and was founded in The Netherlands by Oshri Even-Zohar as Lamalo BV in 1993. It became Motek BV with the inclusion of private investors in 1996. The company's core business lines: Medical, Simulation and Entertainment grew more independent and in 2004 the separate companies Motek Entertainment BV and Motek Medical BV were formed. Motek operates a performance capture studio in Amsterdam, and was formerly a partner with the Noordelijk Hogeschool Leeuwarden's motion capture studio in the Gameship initiative. The studio is equipped with Vicon T-Series cameras. Motek is known for being highly innovative in other fields as well, such as medicine. Their immersive virtual-reality medical system, named CAREN, has been put to use for clinical and research purposes by hospitals worldwide. Television series produced include over 400 episodes of "Cafe de Wereld", an animated satire program for IDTV and VARA. The show aired on VARA's programs "VARA Live", "VARA Laat" and "De Wereld Draait Door", from 2002-2007. Motek is the producer and production studio of Efteling's animated series "Sprookjesboom". Based on motion capture performance, "Sprookjesboom" is similar in theme to DreamWorks' "Shrek". It tells the story of the characters that live in the Fairy Tale Forest, including Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, and Tom Thumb. The show airs daily in the Netherlands on TROS and in Belgium on Ketnet. "Sprookjesboom" is currently in its fourth season of production, which will be broadcast in late 2009. Episodes in German and English are also in production. Motek did motion-capture work on the Snickers "Don't Stop" television advertisements by Impact/BBDO. The advertisements achieved a top ranking on Adcritic.com in 2007, and received a Special Mention at The Loerie Awards for that year. Motek Medical specializes in creation, design and implementation of new technologies for the medical markets, specifically focusing on early diagnostics, rehabilitation, motor training and research. Motek Medical’s flagship product is the CAREN system, an immersive virtual reality (VR) system, using motion capture systems for use in clinical and research settings. Motek Motek Entertainment BV is an animation, motion capture and production studio specializing in services and production work for features, commercials, television, video games, online and mobile media. Motek | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Solihull Solihull (, or ) is a large town in the West Midlands, England with a population of 123,187 in the 2011 Census. Historically in Warwickshire, it is a part of the West Midlands conurbation. It is the largest town in, and administrative centre of, the larger Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, which itself has a population of 209,890. Solihull is situated southeast of Birmingham, northwest of Warwick and northwest of London. Solihull is the most affluent town of the West Midlands, and one of the most affluent areas in the UK outside London. In November 2013, the uSwitch Quality of Life Index named Solihull the "best place to live" in the United Kingdom. Residents of Solihull and those born in the town are referred to as "Silhillians". The motto of Solihull is "Urbs in Rure" (Town in Country). Solihull's name is commonly thought to have derived from the position of its parish church, St Alphege, on a 'soily' hill. The church was built on a hill of stiff red marl, which turned to sticky mud in wet weather. The town is noted for its historic architecture, which includes surviving examples of timber framed Tudor style houses and shops. The historic Solihull School dates from 1560 (although not on its present site). The red sandstone parish church of St. Alphege dates from a similar period and is a large and handsome example of English Gothic church architecture, with a traditional spire 168 feet (51 metres) high, making it visible from a great distance. It is located at the head of High Street and is a Grade I listed building. It was founded in about 1220 by Hugh de Oddingsell. A chantry chapel was also founded there by Sir William de Oddingsell in 1277 and the upper chapel in St Alphege was built for a chantry. Unlike nearby Birmingham, the Industrial Revolution largely passed Solihull by and until the 20th century Solihull remained a small market town. World War II also nearly passed Solihull by. Neighbouring Coventry and Birmingham were severely damaged by repeated German bombing raids but apart from some attacks on what is now the Land Rover plant, the airport and the local railway lines, Solihull escaped largely intact. In 1901, the population of the town was just 7,500. This growth was due to a number of factors including a large slum clearance programme in Birmingham, the development of the Rover car plant, the expansion of what was then Elmdon Airport into Birmingham International Airport and, perhaps most significantly, the release of large tracts of land for housing development attracting inward migration of new residents from across the UK. Until the early 1960s, the main high street remained much as it would have been in the late 19th century with several streets of Victorian terraced houses linking High Street with Warwick Road. The construction of the central shopping area known as Mell Square (named after W. Maurice Mell, the town clerk who planned the work) involved the demolition of properties in Mill Lane and Drury Lane, some of which were several hundred years old, together with that of the large Victorian Congregational Church that had stood on the corner of Union Street and Warwick Road. On the right along High Street from St Alphege's Church porch is one of the town's oldest landmarks, The George, which dates from the 16th century. It is now called the Ramada Jarvis Hotel. On 23 November 1981, an F0/T1 tornado touched down in nearby Shirley. The tornado later moved over Solihull town centre, causing some damage to the town centre before dissipating. Arden Golf Club, Solihull, (now defunct) was founded in 1891. The course was still appearing on maps into the 1930s. Due to its growth, Solihull was promoted from an urban district to a municipal borough, the honour being bestowed by Princess Margaret. In 1964, Solihull became a county borough and on this occasion the Queen bestowed the honour. In 1974, the Solihull county borough was merged with the rural district surrounding Meriden to form the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull. This also includes the districts known as Shirley, Knowle, Dorridge, Balsall Common, Castle Bromwich and Chelmsley Wood. The member of parliament for the Solihull constituency is Conservative Julian Knight, who won his seat in 2015. There are 17 wards in Solihull; Olton, Knowle, Dorridge, Silhill, Blythe, Meriden, Elmdon, Lyndon, Smith's Wood, Chelmsley Wood, Hockley Heath, St. Alphege, Shirley West, Shirley East, Shirley South, Kingshurst & Fordbridge, Castle Bromwich and Bickenhill. Each ward is represented by three councillors at Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council, making a total of 51 councillors. The mayor is elected by the Council and is currently (2017–18) Stuart Davis of the Conservative Party. Solihull has no university, but there are seven universities within of the town; five in Birmingham and two in Coventry. However, Solihull College, formerly known as the Solihull College of Technology, incorporates a University Centre which offers several foundation degree and full degree courses, particularly in technical subject areas such as computer sciences and engineering. As yet it has not applied to attain university college status. There is also a sixth form college located on the outskirts of the town centre. This is known as the Sixth Form College, Solihull. Solihull School is an independent school and is located on Warwick Road near the centre of the town. It was founded in 1560 and celebrated its 450th anniversary in 2010. Solihull had a 'Wave 1' proposal of the Building Schools for the Future investment programme approved. They were awarded over £80 million to transform six schools in the north of the borough in December 2004. As a result of the funding, there will be six new schools constructed within seven years. The school curriculum will be redesigned as well as a further £6 million investment in managed ICT services. The six schools to be rebuilt are Park Hall, Smith's Wood, Archbishop Grimshaw, Lanchester Special School and Forest Oak and Merstone special schools. Forest Oak and Merstone have been already rebuilt on one site. Lanchester, Park Hall and Smith's Wood have been built by BAM PPP, under 'Private Finance Initiative'. Archbishop Grimshaw has been built by BAM PPP under a traditional contract. A number of main roads pass through Solihull including the A41 Birmingham to Warwick road and the A34 Birmingham to Stratford road. The M42 and the M40 both pass through Solihull and provide very rapid links to Oxford and London and to the rest of the motorway network surrounding the West Midlands. Birmingham Airport is located in Solihull. Solihull railway station is on the former Great Western Railway line from Birmingham Snow Hill station to London Paddington although trains now run along the Chiltern Main Line terminating at London Marylebone. Solihull railway station was first built on a very grand scale, with 2 island platforms complete with nearly full length canopies, and a large goods yard, boasting space for some 200+ waggons; the yard was equipped with a loading dock, goods shed and large crane. Solihull was also rare in being only one of a handful of stations in the area to have a goods relief line. Other railway links are provided on the West Coast Main Line, as Birmingham International railway station lies within the borough's boundaries and offers frequent express connections to London. Express train services through Solihull are now run by Chiltern Railways and local services by West Midlands Railway. The Grand Union Canal passes across Solihull, coming within of the town centre and linking the town to the River Thames in London. Local bus services are provided largely by National Express West Midlands from their Yardley Wood and Acocks Green depots in south and southeast Birmingham respectively. Solihull offers a variety of shopping facilities. It has an open-air 1960s-style shopping centre called Mell Square which was constructed following the demolition of several | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
relief line. Other railway links are provided on the West Coast Main Line, as Birmingham International railway station lies within the borough's boundaries and offers frequent express connections to London. Express train services through Solihull are now run by Chiltern Railways and local services by West Midlands Railway. The Grand Union Canal passes across Solihull, coming within of the town centre and linking the town to the River Thames in London. Local bus services are provided largely by National Express West Midlands from their Yardley Wood and Acocks Green depots in south and southeast Birmingham respectively. Solihull offers a variety of shopping facilities. It has an open-air 1960s-style shopping centre called Mell Square which was constructed following the demolition of several terraces of Victorian houses and the original Solihull Congregational Church. In recent years, the town has undergone much development, and High Street has been pedestrianised since 1994. On 2 July 2002, a large new shopping centre, Touchwood, was opened by the Queen. Solihull is the home of the four-wheel-drive car manufacturer Land Rover's main production plant (situated east of the Lode Heath district) and a range of other major companies. The village of Meriden was the famous home of the Triumph motorbike factory from 1942-1983. The former home of retail bakers Three Cooks, after it was brought out of administration in 2006, the new company Cooks the Bakery retains its HQ in Solihull. Other major companies headquartered in Solihull include pub company Enterprise Inns and mortgage and personal loan provider Paragon. The National Exhibition Centre is within the borough of Solihull, as is almost all of Birmingham Airport and the ever-expanding Birmingham Business Park. Solihull has a number of parks and local nature reserves, including for: Other parks include Tudor Grange Park, Elmdon Park, Hillfield Park, Cole Bank Park, Knowle Park and Shirley Park. The nearest parks to the town centre are Malvern and Brueton Parks. They are interlinked and cover a total area of about . Brueton Park used to be part of the grounds of Malvern Hall, which dates back to about 1690. It is home now to St Martin's Independent School for Girls. Solihull also has the UK's first dedicated hedgehog conservation area. The River Blythe, a headwater tributary of the River Trent, passes through parts of Solihull including Malvern and Tudor Grange Parks. Solihull has numerous leisure facilities including a public swimming pool on the edge of Tudor Grange Park. This pool replaced the old Tudor Grange Sports Centre, which was demolished in 2007, to make way for the brand new leisure centre (A combination of the old Norman Green Athletics Centre and Tudor Grange Sports Centre). This in turn had replaced the outdoor swimming pool – Malvern Park Lido – that had served Solihull from 1954 till its closure in 1982. At present there are two sports centres, the more modern Tudor Grange Sports Centre, and the older North Solihull Sports Centre. There is also an outdoor wooden skateboarding and in-line skating facility in Tudor Grange Park. Sailing takes place on Olton Reservoir. The borough is well served by numerous youth groups, both from the statutory and voluntary sector. There are several Scout groups including Knowle Sea Scout Group which is based in the south of Solihull and is sponsored by the Royal Navy providing a wide programme of activities for young people from all over Solihull aged from 6 to 18. The recently refurbished ice rink on Hobs Moat Road is home to Solihull's ice hockey teams, the Solihull Barons, Solihull Vikings, a junior ice hockey team, the Mohawks ice racing club, as well as ice dance and figure skating clubs. Above the ice rink is a Riley's snooker club. Every year since the early 1930s (apart from gaps during world wars), Solihull Carnival has taken place. This is now fixed to the first weekend after the June half-term and takes place in Tudor Grange Park, organised by Shirley Round Table. The event raises about £10,000 for charitable causes each year. Tudor Grange Park is also the venue for the annual free firework display held on the Saturday closest to 5 November, organised by Solihull Round Table. The event attracts about 15,000 people to the park. The largest football club in the town is Solihull Moors, who play at Damson Park, from the town centre. The club was established in 2007 following the merger of Solihull Borough and Moor Green and currently play in the National League after being promoted from the National League North at the end of the 2015-16 season. Birmingham & Solihull R.F.C., known as "the Bees", a professional rugby union team which competes in National League 3. The club played at Sharmans Cross Road until August 2010, and following a brief spell at Solihull Moors' Damson Park ground the club now play at Portway. Solihull Swimming Club is based at Tudor Grange Leisure Centre, Solihull School and St. Martin’s School. First established in 1963, the club now boasts over 600 members and also runs water polo teams. Solihull Barons are the local ice hockey team and play their home games at the Solihull Ice Rink. Solihull also has a number of field hockey clubs, namely Old Silhillians Hockey Club, Olton & West Warwickshire Hockey Club and Solihull Blossomfield Hockey Club. Gaelic games are played by Warwickshire GAA who play their home matches in Páirc na hÉireann in Solihull. The town has an indoor bowling area and club. Solihull is also home to Solihull Cycling Club which was founded in 1929. The club has produced National Champions, Olympic Medallists and Tour de France riders "For a full list see List of areas in Solihull" Solihull town has several suburbs including Olton, Solihull Lodge, Blossomfield, Haslucks Green, Sharmans Cross, Cranmore, Shirley (considered a sub-town of Solihull), Shirley Heath, Hillfield, Monkspath, Widney Manor, Lode Heath, Elmdon Heath, and World's End. Solihull Borough includes several satellite towns and villages including Castle Bromwich, Chelmsley Wood, Cheswick Green, Dorridge, Dickens Heath, Knowle, Balsall Common, Meriden, Hampton in Arden, Hockley Heath, Eastcote, Barston, Bickenhill, Catherine-de-Barnes and Bentley Heath. Solihull is twinned with: This list includes notable persons who were born or have lived in Solihull. Solihull Solihull (, or ) is a large town in the West Midlands, England with a population of 123,187 in the 2011 Census. Historically in Warwickshire, it is a part of the West Midlands conurbation. It is the largest town in, and administrative centre of, the larger Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, which itself has a population of 209,890. Solihull is situated southeast of Birmingham, northwest of Warwick and northwest of London. Solihull is the most affluent town of the West Midlands, and one | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
WVOD WVOD, is a commercial radio station licensed to Manteo, North Carolina serving the Outer Banks of North Carolina which includes Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head. WVOD broadcasts at 50,000 watts at 99.1 FM and is formatted as an AAA or Adult Album Alternative music station. The station is owned by Hengooch LLC. WVOD signed on in 1993 as the "Voice Of Dare"(Dare County), playing a wide-ranging choice of music, from classical to heavy metal. Around 1996, WVOD became a full-fledged AAA station and the station moniker became 'The Sound 99.1" WVOD. WVOD-FM began life as 99.3 FM or 99 3D, "Your Voices of Dare." Two Dare County Businesswomen established the station under the company name "Orbit Communications", and with the license and engineering permits in place, the station began broadcasting Easter Weekend in April 1986. At the time the station went on the air, there were only three full-time salaried announcers on the company payroll. Broadcast power was limited to 3KW assigned to the 99.3 frequency, and the later shift to 99.1 was accompanied by an upgrade to transmitter power. The original studio and offices were located in an old hardware store on the Manteo Waterfront across the street from the Dare County Courthouse. A crew of volunteers, and part-time announcers quickly filled the ranks, and by Mid May the station had a complete staff of full and part-time announcers, and a news director.(Personal Account by Original Station Staff) The station still remains true to its roots by playing many local artists, and thrilling the listeners by sponsoring local events, and concerts [Keller Williams, 7-AUG-2009, Brewing Station] and providing "Local flavor" to a diverse listenerership. In 2006, Convergent Broadcasting LLC sold WVOD, WFMZ, WYND-FM and WZPR to CapSan Media LLC. Hengooch, LLC bought WVOD, WYND, and WZPR/WFMZ in 2010 for $200,000. Max Radio of the Carolinas operates WVOD, WZPR/WFMZ, WCMS-FM and WCXL as of 2013; WYND was sold. WVOD WVOD, is a commercial radio station licensed to Manteo, North Carolina serving the Outer Banks of North Carolina which includes Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head. WVOD broadcasts at 50,000 watts at 99.1 FM and is formatted as an AAA or Adult Album Alternative music station. The station is owned by Hengooch LLC. WVOD signed on in 1993 as the "Voice Of Dare"(Dare County), playing a wide-ranging choice of music, from classical to heavy metal. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
USS Lea (DD-118) USS "Lea" (DD-118) was a in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II. She was named in honor of Edward Lea, a US Navy officer killed during the American Civil War. "Lea" was laid down on 18 September 1917 by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia. The ship was launched on 29 April 1918, sponsored by Mrs. Harry E. Collins. The destroyer was commissioned on 2 October 1918, Lieutenant Commander Willis Augustus Lee in command. After service in the Atlantic with DesRon 19 during 1919, "Lea" transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1920 and served primarily along the West Coast during the years between the wars. She was out of commission at San Diego from 22 June 1922 to 1 May 1930 and 7 April 1937 to 30 September 1939. With Lieutenant Commander F. W. Slaven in command, she sailed for the East Coast to join the Neutrality Patrol, guarding the western Atlantic through the tense months before the US entry into World War II. She served in the force guarding transports carrying marines for the occupation of Iceland on 8 July 1941. For the first 2 years of U.S. participation in the war, "Lea" had convoy escort duty in the North Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea, and along the eastern seaboard, hazarded by peak U-boat activity and dangerous weather conditions. She rescued survivors from stricken merchant ships as well as fighting off submarines and joining in several successful attacks. The first of her many wartime rescues at sea came in February 1942, when she took on board the crew of Soviet merchant vessel "Dvinoles", abandoned after collision damage. Later that month, 24 February, came a daylong battle with submarines when "Lea" and fellow escorts again and again dashed out from their convoy screen to keep down attacking U-boats which had sunk four of the merchantmen. Between 22 April 1943 and 30 May, "Lea" joined the hunter-killer group formed around the escort carrier in the first mission of such a group. On 21 May and 22 May, "Bogue"s aircraft became the first to engage a wolfpack attempting to rendezvous for a mass attack on a convoy. So successful were their six attacks in protecting the convoy that the group was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation in which "Lea" shared. On 31 December 1943, "Lea" was five days out of New York on convoy escort duty when she was rammed by a merchant ship. Towed to Bermuda and later Boston, she completed repairs on 28 June 1944, and began sailing from Newport as target ship for torpedo planes and escorting carriers during flight training. Between January and June 1945, she had similar duty off Florida. Arriving Philadelphia on 14 June, she decommissioned there on 20 July 1945. "Lea" was struck from the Navy Register on 13 August 1945. The ship was sold for scrapping to Boston Metals Salvage Company, Baltimore on 30 November 1945. As of 2013, no other ships in the United States Navy have borne this name. USS Lea (DD-118) USS "Lea" (DD-118) was a in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II. She was named in honor of Edward Lea, a US Navy officer killed during the American Civil War. "Lea" was laid down on 18 September 1917 by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia. The ship was launched on 29 April 1918, sponsored by Mrs. Harry E. Collins. The destroyer was commissioned on 2 October 1918, Lieutenant Commander Willis Augustus Lee in command. After service in the Atlantic with DesRon 19 during 1919, "Lea" transferred to the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Bethany, Indiana Bethany is a town in Clay Township, Morgan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 81 at the 2010 census. Bethany was founded in 1955. According to the 2010 census, Bethany has a total area of , of which (or 88.89%) is land and (or 11.11%) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 81 people, 31 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 34 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 95.1% White, 1.2% Native American, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population. There were 31 households of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 16.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.6% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.92. The median age in the town was 35.8 years. 19.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 53.1% male and 46.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 94 people, 30 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,133.6 people per square mile (453.7/km²). There were 34 housing units at an average density of 410.0 per square mile (164.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.94% White, and 1.06% from two or more races. There were 30 households out of which 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, and 20.0% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.46. In the town, the population was spread out with 33.0% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $22,344, and the median income for a family was $56,250. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $12,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,967. There were no families and 1.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 100.0% of those over 64. Bethany, Indiana Bethany is a town in Clay Township, Morgan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 81 at the 2010 census. Bethany was founded in 1955. According to the 2010 census, Bethany has a total area of , of which (or 88.89%) is land and (or 11.11%) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 81 people, 31 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 34 housing units at an average density of | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
New Zealand Dominion Museum building The New Zealand Dominion Museum building was completed in 1936, and is located on Buckle Street in Wellington next to the National War Memorial. The building originally housed the National Museum, the National Art Gallery of New Zealand and the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts. It currently houses part of the Massey University Wellington Campus. Prior to 1907, the Dominion Museum was known as the Colonial Museum. The Colonial Museum was originally housed in a small wooden building behind what is now the New Zealand Parliament Buildings. In 1930, the National Art Gallery and Dominion Museum Act 1930 established a board of trustees, leading to the building on Buckle street. The building housed the Dominion Museum, the National Art Gallery of New Zealand and the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts (who had sold their land and donated the proceeds to the new organisation on the provision that they would be accommodated). In 1972, an act of Parliament updated the Dominion Museum's name to the National Museum. In 1992 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Act 1992 combined the National Museum and the National Art Gallery to form the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. The Dominion Museum building was featured in Peter Jackson's 1996 film "The Frighteners", and in Peter Webber's 2012 film "Emperor". New Zealand Dominion Museum building The New Zealand Dominion Museum building was completed in 1936, and is located on Buckle Street in Wellington next to the National War Memorial. The building originally housed the National Museum, the National Art Gallery of New Zealand and the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts. It currently houses part of the Massey University Wellington Campus. Prior to 1907, the Dominion Museum was known as the Colonial Museum. The Colonial Museum was | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
But I Do Love You "But I Do Love You" is a song recorded by American country music artist LeAnn Rimes. It was released in the US as a single from the "Coyote Ugly" soundtrack on February 9, 2001 and in the UK on February 11, 2002. The song was written by Diane Warren. The song was featured on Rimes' 2002 compilation album, "I Need You" with the Almighty Radio Edit featured as a bonus track, the Almighty Radio Edit was later included on the "More Music from Coyote Ugly" in 2003. In 2004, the song was featured on "The Best of LeAnn Rimes" with the Almighty Radio Edit featured on the remix edition. It peaked at number eighteen on the US "Billboard" Country Songs chart. Internationally it peaked at twenty on UK Singles Chart and forty-eight on the Irish Singles Chart. The song is from the 2000 film "Coyote Ugly" and was originally intended to be sung by American stage, film and television actress, Piper Perabo, but after her audition to sing "Can't Fight the Moonlight" and watching the film, American country pop artist LeAnn Rimes decided to record all the songs for the film and provide the singing voice for Perabo. The theatrical trailer for the film included Perabo's original recording of the song prior to Rimes recording it. "But I Do Love You" was first released on the soundtrack for "Coyote Ugly" on August 1, 2000. It was later released as a B-side track to the single "Can't Fight the Moonlight" on August 22, 2000. The song was released to country radio in the U.S. on February 9, 2001. It was released in the UK on February 11, 2002 In March of 2002 it was included on Rimes' compilation album, "I Need You", with the Almighty Radio Edit included as a bonus track. In 2003, the Almighty Radio Edit of the song would be included on the "More Music from Coyote Ugly" soundtrack on January 28, 2003. In 2004, the song was included on "The Best of LeAnn Rimes", while the Almighty Radio Edit was released on the remixed edition. "But I Do Love You" is a song of three minutes and twenty seconds. It was written by Diane Warren and recorded by LeAnn Rimes. The song is written in the key of C major with Rimes' vocals spanning two octaves, from B to B The song is produced by Trevor Horn with executive production by Jerry Bruckheimer, Kathy Nelson and Mike Curb. Orchestral arrangements were done by David Campbell with engineering and mixing done by Steve MacMillan. Additional engineering was done by Tim Weidner, Greg Hunt, Gary Leach and Austin Deptula. The song received a favorable review from Deborah Evans Price of "Billboard", who wrote that "Rimes is an ever-evolving stylist of the first degree, and she nails this catchy midtempo track from start to finish." Another review in "Billboard", from 2000, stated that the song is "beautifully written" and that it is "AC-hitworthy." Heather Phares of Allmusic considered the song a "Jewel-esque love song". The song debuted at number sixty on the US "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of February 24, 2001 and peaked at number eighteen. Internationally the song peaked at number twenty on the UK Singles Chart and number forty-eight on the Irish Singles Chart. But I Do Love You "But I Do Love You" is a song recorded by American country music artist LeAnn Rimes. It was released in the US as a single from the "Coyote Ugly" soundtrack on February 9, 2001 and in the UK | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Count of Champagne The Count of Champagne was the ruler of the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316. Champagne evolved from the county of Troyes in the late eleventh century and Hugh I was the first to officially use the title "Count of Champagne". When Sancho VII of Navarre died childless in 1234, his nephew Count Theobald IV of Champagne became also King of Navarre. The latter's greatgrandaughter Joan married King Philip IV of France. Upon Joan's death in 1305, her son Louis became the last independent count of Champagne, with the title merging into the royal domain upon his accession to the French throne in 1314. The titular counts of Champagne also inherited the post of seneschal of France. In Merovingian and Carolingian times, several dukes of Champagne (or "Campania") are known. The duchy appears to have been created by joining together the "civitates" of Rheims, Châlons-sur-Marne, Laon, and Troyes. In the late seventh and early eighth centuries, Champagne was controlled by the Pippinids; first by Drogo, son of Pippin of Herstal, and then by Drogo's son Arnulf. Count of Champagne The Count of Champagne was the ruler of the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316. Champagne | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
49th Guldbagge Awards The 49th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 2013 and took place January 20, 2014, at Cirkus in Stockholm. During the ceremony, the jury presented Guldbagge Awards (commonly referred to as Bagge) in 19 categories. The ceremony was televised in the Sweden by SVT, with actress and comedian Sissela Kyle hosting the show for the third time. The ceremony also celebrated the prize's 50th anniversary. "Waltz for Monica" won four awards including Best Actress for Edda Magnason and Best Director for Per Fly. "The Reunion" won two awards for Best Film and Best Screenplay. Other winners included "We Are the Best!" with two awards, and "Nobody Owns Me", "Hotell", "The Tenderness", "Belleville Baby", "On Suffocation", "Blue Is the Warmest Colour", "Sanctuary", "Faro" and "Shed No Tears" with one. Through discussions the jury appoints the winners of the Guldbagge Award among the three nominees in all price categories, except for the Honorary Award which is appointed directly by the Swedish Film Institute's board. The jury consisted this year of Jannike Åhlund (chairman), Anna Carlson (actress and chairman of The Swedish Union for Performing Arts and Film), Bengt Forslund (producer and writer), Jan Holmberg (ceo, Ingmar Bergman Foundation), Anne-Marie Söhrman Fermelin (consultant of Film Stockholm/Filmbasen and producer), Kathrine Windfeld (director), Farnaz Arbabi (director and playwrighter), Sylvia Ingemarsdotter (film editor) and Marcus Lindeen (director and playwrighter). The nominees for the 49th Guldbagge Awards were announced on January 3, 2014 in Stockholm, by the Swedish Film Institute. Films with the most nominations were "Waltz for Monica" with eleven, followed by "Shed No Tears" with nine. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on January 20, 2014. Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. The following films received one or multiple nominations: The following four films received multiple awards: 49th Guldbagge Awards The 49th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 2013 and took place January 20, 2014, at Cirkus in Stockholm. During the ceremony, the jury presented Guldbagge Awards (commonly referred to as Bagge) in 19 categories. The ceremony was televised in the Sweden by SVT, with actress and comedian Sissela Kyle hosting the show for the third time. The ceremony also celebrated the prize's 50th anniversary. "Waltz for Monica" won four awards including Best Actress for Edda Magnason and Best Director | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Diffuser (band) Diffuser is a rock band from Long Island, New York, that was formed in 1994 by Tomas Costanza (guitar/vocals), Anthony Cangelosi (guitar), Lawrence Sullivan (bass) and Billy Alemaghides (drums). Originally the band was called Flu Thirteen and released a 7-inch entitled "Edgar's Airwaves" and an album entitled "Spin Cycle" before being signed to The Medicine Label. After being signed they released their second album titled "In the Foul Key of V". The band signed with major label Hollywood Records in 2001 and changed their name to Diffuser. In 2001 the band released their first album on Hollywood Records titled "Injury Loves Melody". Their single "Karma" was included on the ; it peaked at number 20 on the "Billboard" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and No. 26 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. Sullivan and Alemaghides left the band in 2003 and were replaced by Peter Schojan and Dan Leo on bass and drums respectively. In March the band toured the country with Simple Plan, Gob and Madcap. Their second album, "Making the Grade", was released in July of that year. The songs "I Wonder" and "Get It On" were used in the 2003 movie "Freaky Friday". The song "Get It On" also appeared on the soundtrack for the "Outlaw Volleyball" video game. The first 150,000 copies of the video game contained a bonus music sampler from Diffuser. In the fall of that year the band joined Hoobastank and The All-American Rejects on the Nokia Unwired Tour. The band did their final US tour in January 2004 with Spitalfield and Silverstein, followed by a tour in Japan in March. In April Hollywood Records dropped them, and they disbanded shortly after. Dan later joined Action Action with ex-members of The Reunion Show and Count the Stars. Diffuser has recently gotten back together and, according to their Myspace, plan to release a new album in spring of 2008 and re-release some Flu Thirteen albums. Diffuser has recently started recording their album "Sincerely, Wasting Away", posting this on their MySpace page: On May 24, 2008, Diffuser uploaded two new songs from the upcoming album on their MySpace page, entitled "Falling Down" and "Free". Current lineup: Former members: Flu Thirteen: Diffuser: Costanza played bass for The Never Enders from 2005 until the band split in 2006. They released one album, "Air Raid Romance", on Indianola Records and shot one video for the single "Broken". The Never Enders are currently working on their new album. Leo joined Action Action in 2004 and is still currently in the band. They are currently{[when}} working on their follow-up to 2006's "An Army of Shapes Between Wars" which was released on Victory Records. Diffuser (band) Diffuser is a rock band from Long Island, New York, that was formed in 1994 by Tomas Costanza (guitar/vocals), Anthony Cangelosi (guitar), Lawrence Sullivan (bass) and Billy Alemaghides (drums). Originally the band was called Flu Thirteen and released a 7-inch entitled "Edgar's Airwaves" and an album entitled "Spin Cycle" before being signed to The | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Dog-Whistle Politics (Scandal) "Dog-Whistle Politics" is the fourth episode of the fifth season, and the 73rd overall of the American political thriller television series "Scandal". It aired on October 15, 2015 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The episode was written by Mark Fish and directed by Zetna Fuentes. After learning that the Louvre was on fire, Jake Ballard (Scott Foley) becomes immediately suspicious about Rowan (Joe Morton) trying to rebuild his empire B613 through "Lazarus One" which the first step was destroying the work of art museums and disrupting the market of artworks. Jake goes to see Rowan in prison for answers, where the ancient command denies any knowledge about it. Jake decided to continue his investigation and goes to France with Charlie, but he unexpectedly crosses paths with someone he thought he'd never see again. In the meantime, Olivia Pope (Kerry Washington), after confirming to the press that she is the President's mistress, is lying low. Fitz (Tony Goldwyn), tries to deal with the Republican senators and their threat about impeachment. Meanwhile, Quinn Perkins (Katie Lowes) recruits Marcus Walker (Cornelius Smith Jr.), a former client of OPA to help smooth over the media storm surrounding Olivia and Fitz. But when it becomes clear that the media, who are digging up dirt on Olivia, won’t back down, Marcus, Huck and Quinn come up with a plan to handle the press. They employ a strategy called "Dog-whistle politics" which is a language, a type of political speech using code words that appear to mean one thing to the general population but have a different meaning for a targeted part of the audience. Mellie Grant (Bellamy Young) is asked by female senators to join them in their bid to impeach the president. At first, she refuses to join this path, but later agrees to join them after seeing Fitz making his relationship with Olivia public. The episode was written by Zetna Fuentes and directed by Mark Fish. The episode featured the songs "Scandal End Credits Theme" by Chad Fischer; "Satisfaction" by Aretha Franklin, and "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours" by Stevie Wonder. "Dog-Whistle Politics" was originally broadcast on Thursday, October 15, 2015 in the United States on ABC. The episode's total viewership was 8.06 million. In the key 18-49 demographic, the episode scored a 2.4/7 in Nielsen ratings, the highest rating. The show rank 11th on 18-49 Rank and 2nd in Drama Rank. The episode was well received by television critics, with many praising. "Entertainment Weekly" praised the episode saying: "Scandal was firing all cylinders tonight: we had some really sweet Liv-Fitz moments, some angry and compassionate sides of Mellie, some slick OPA problem-solving, two new faces, a scary Papa pope speech, and drama Galore!" "Huffington Post" also congratulate the show as they said "Scandal has nailed the degrading way women of color are discussed: Lucky, sassy, ambitious, well-spoken, shrill, calculating, urban." "Time" listed "Dog-Whistle Politics" as No. 3 on their Top 10 Best TV Episodes of 2015. Dog-Whistle Politics (Scandal) "Dog-Whistle Politics" is the fourth episode of the fifth season, and the 73rd overall of the American political thriller television series "Scandal". It aired on October 15, 2015 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The episode was written by Mark Fish and directed by Zetna Fuentes. After learning that the Louvre was on fire, Jake Ballard (Scott Foley) becomes immediately suspicious about Rowan (Joe Morton) trying to rebuild his empire B613 through "Lazarus One" which the first step was destroying the work of art museums and disrupting the market of artworks. Jake goes to | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Martin Hoffman Martin L. Hoffman is an American psychologist, a professor emeritus of clinical and developmental psychology at New York University. His work largely has to do with the development of empathy, and its relationship with moral development. His research also touches on areas such as empathic anger, sympathy, guilt and feelings of injustice. Hoffman did his undergraduate studies at Purdue University, receiving a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1945. He earned a master's degree in psychology at the University of Michigan in 1947 and his PhD in social psychology at the University of Michigan in 1951. In the 1960s, he became editor of the "Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: A Journal of Developmental Psychology", and oversaw its conversion from a newsletter to an academic journal. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Psychological Association, and the American Psychological Society. Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice Martin Hoffman Martin L. Hoffman is an American psychologist, a professor emeritus of clinical and developmental psychology at New York University. His work largely has to do with the development of empathy, and its relationship with moral development. His research also touches on areas such as | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Register and Tribune Syndicate The Register and Tribune Syndicate was a syndication service based in Des Moines, Iowa, that operated from 1922 to 1986, when it was acquired by King Features to become the Cowles Syndicate affiliate. At its peak, the Register and Tribune Syndicate offered newspapers some 60 to 75 features, including editorial cartoonist Herblock, comic strips, and commentaries by David Horowitz, Stanley Karnow, and others. Throughout the 1940s the syndicate distributed the weekly "The Spirit Section," a 16-page tabloid-sized newsprint comic book supplement eventually sold to 20 Sunday newspapers with a combined circulation of as many as five million copies. The Register and Tribune Syndicate's most successful comics feature was "The Family Circus" (launched in 1960), eventually distributed to more than 1,000 newspapers; other long-running strips included "Channel Chuckles", "Jane Arden", "The Better Half", and "Tumbleweeds". In 1922, "The Des Moines Register" publisher Gardner Cowles, Sr.' son John Cowles Sr. launched the Register and Tribune Syndicate (the family also owned the "Des Moines Tribune"). The manager was Henry Martin, who served in that capacity until 1960. "Jane Arden" was the syndicate's first breakout hit, launching in 1927 and eventually running until 1968. Charles E. Lounsbury became the syndicate's chief editor in 1930, serving in that capacity until his death at age 84 in 1952. In 1937 the Register and Tribune Syndicate partnered with two other syndicates, the McNaught Syndicate and the Frank Jay Markey Syndicate, as well as with entrepreneur Everett M. "Busy" Arnold, to provide material to the burgeoning comic book industry; many of the syndicate's strips found their way into Arnold's "Feature Funnies". In 1939, Cowles Media Company (the syndicate's corporate owner, formed in 1935) and Arnold bought out the McNaught and Markey interests. In the 1940s, Will Eisner's "The Spirit" debuted as the main feature of a 16-page Sunday supplement known colloquially as "The Spirit Section". Launched June 2, 1940, this was a tabloid-sized newsprint comic book sold as part of eventually 20 Sunday newspapers with a combined circulation of as many as five million copies. In a 2004 interview, Eisner elaborated on the origins of the supplement: The Spirit Section generally included two other, four-page strips (initially "Mr. Mystic" and "Lady Luck"), plus filler material. Eisner was the editor, but also wrote and drew most entries — after the first few months, he had the uncredited assistance of writer Jules Feiffer and artists Jack Cole and Wally Wood, though Eisner's singular vision for the strip was a unifying factor. The Spirit Section continued until October 5, 1952. Bil Keane's television-themed panel "Channel Chuckles" was launched in 1954; he debuted "The Family Circus" in 1960. Bob Barnes' "The Better Half" debuted in 1956. The Old West-themed "Tumbleweeds" launched in September 1965. That same year, the Syndicate broke new ground when it picked up Morrie Turner's "Wee Pals", the first comic strip syndicated in the United States to have a cast of diverse ethnicity, dubbed the "Rainbow Gang." Beginning in 1977, the Syndicate was the unofficial home of Marvel Comics strips, including "The Amazing Spider-Man" (1977–1986; continued by King Features), "Conan the Barbarian" (1978-1982), "Howard the Duck" (1977–1978), and "The Incredible Hulk" (1978–1982). In 1985, the syndicate was merged into its parent Cowles Media Company. In 1986, the syndicate was sold to Hearst Publications for $4.3 million, becoming a division of King Features Syndicate. Register and Tribune Syndicate The Register and Tribune Syndicate was a syndication service based in Des Moines, Iowa, that operated from 1922 to 1986, when it was acquired by King Features to become the Cowles Syndicate affiliate. At its peak, the Register | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Photozincography Photozincography, sometimes referred to as heliozincography but essentially the same process, known commercially as zinco, is the photographic process developed by Sir Henry James FRS (1803–1877) in the mid-nineteenth century. This method enabled the accurate reproduction of images, manuscript text and outline engravings, which proved invaluable when originally used to create maps during the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain during the 1850s, carried out by the government's Topographical Department, headed by Colonel Sir Henry James. The foundation of this method is the insolubility of bichromate of potash upon exposure to light, allowing the printing of images on to zinc from photographic negatives. At this time, high-contrast negatives were made using the wet plate collodion method (a solution of nitrocellulose in ether or acetone on glass). Once the negative had been made, a sheet of thin tracing paper was coated in a mixture of saturated potassium bichromate solution and gum water, and dried. This was then placed under the photographic negative and exposed to light for 2–3 minutes. The bichromate/gum mixture remained soluble on the parts of the tracing paper that were shielded from light by the opaque areas of the negative, allowing it to be removed, leaving an insoluble ‘positive’ image. This bichromate positive was then placed on a sheet of zinc covered in lithographic ink, and put through a printing press three or four times. After removal of the paper, the zinc plate was washed in a tray of hot water (containing a small amount of gum), using a camel-hair brush to remove all the soluble bichromate combined with ink. What remained on the zinc plate was a perfect representation in ink of the original composition, by virtue of the ink binding to the insoluble potassium bichromate. The main advantage and innovation of this process over lithography was the use of zinc plates rather than stone ones. Zinc plates were lighter and easier to transport, could produce more prints, and were far less brittle than the stone plates originally used. The use of zinc plates was also the origin of the name "photozincography," which Sir Henry James claims to have invented. Zinco or photozincography developed at the Ordnance Survey out of a need to reduce large-scale maps more effectively. The original method using a pantograph, was overcomplicated, time consuming and, due to the number of moving parts, inaccurate. While there was some concern that photography would distort the image, Sir Henry set out to explore the possibility of using photography, setting up a photography department at the Ordnance Survey in 1855 and also securing funds to build the "glasshouse", a photography building with an all glass roof to allow as much natural light in as possible for photography. The development and discovery of photozincography or zinco came about four years later, being first mentioned in Sir Henry's report to Parliament in 1859. While Sir Henry James claimed to have invented the process, a similar system of document copying had been developed in Australia. John Walter Osborne (1828–1902) developed a similar process and for the same reasons as Sir Henry, to avoid using the tracing system of the pantagraph. While developed at the same time Sir Henry’s process, however as Sir Henry explained to a representative of Mr. Osborne in the quote below, he publicized it first. I therefore handed this gentleman a copy of my Report, and desired him to read the account given of our process at page 6 of that Report, and to examine the copy of the Deed bound up with it, and not to show me the description of Mr. Osborne's process if it was differed from ours. After reading it, he said at once it was the same process, and I then told him it was useless for him to attempt to take out a patent as my printed Report had everywhere been circulated Sir Henry, despite being the person who oversaw and set up the photography department, was not the actual inventor. The head of the photography department at Southampton, Captain A. de C. Scott, did much of the ground work and basic development on photozincography. Sir Henry did acknowledge the work of Scott in the development and use of the system in the introduction to the photozincographied Domesday Book. Despite this it was Sir Henry who gained most of the public attention through his pamphlet on photozincography. He was knighted in 1861 for services to science. The use of photozincography at the Ordnance Survey was a great success, with Sir Henry claiming it saved over £2000 a year, from the invention of photo-zincography; the cost of producing a map of a rural district was reduced from 4 to 1 and maps of towns were reduced from 9 to 1. It was also claimed that up to 2000 or 3000 impressions could be taken from a single plate. Despite this, the process was not perfect: it did not reproduce a full colour picture, and until 1875 boys were employed to colour in the maps produced by this method. The process, while better than the pantagraph, still required a large amount of labour to prepare the zinc plates for pressing. However, photozincography began to be used fairly rapidly in Europe. Sir Henry was even honoured by the Queen of Spain. Though originally developed to reproduce maps, the process was eventually to be used on a whole series of manuscripts, to preserve them and make them more available to the public. This included a reproduction of Domesday Book in 1861–64 and several volumes of historical manuscripts. Whilst the process of photo-zincography was invented mostly for use the Ordnance Survey, The Photographic News stated that the process could also be used in the Patent office and would save vast amounts of time and money. The use of photozincography began to decline in the 1880s as better methods of reproductions were made available and in the 1900s the glasshouse was pulled down to make way for new printing presses. Photozincography Photozincography, sometimes referred to as heliozincography | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
FIU Panthers women's basketball The FIU Panthers women's basketball team represents Florida International University in women's basketball. The school competes in Conference USA in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Panthers play home basketball games at FIU Arena in University Park, Florida. They have won seven tournaments, 6 while in the Trans America Athletic Conference, and one while they played in the Sun Belt Conference. They also appeared in the NCAA Division II Tournament in 1983, 1986, and 1987. As of the end of the 2015–16 season, the Panthers have an all-time record of 692–466 since beginning play in 1975. All wins from the 2003–04 season (11) were vacated due to NCAA sanctions. FIU Panthers women's basketball The FIU Panthers women's basketball team represents Florida International University in women's basketball. The school competes in Conference USA in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Panthers play home basketball games at FIU Arena in University Park, Florida. They have won seven tournaments, 6 while in the Trans America Athletic Conference, and one while they played in the Sun Belt Conference. They also appeared in the NCAA Division II Tournament in 1983, 1986, and 1987. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Merola Opera Program Merola Opera Program is a San Francisco based training program for opera singers, coaches, and stage directors. Merola Opera Program is a world-renowned opera training and performance program for promising young artists. Named for San Francisco Opera's first general director, Gaetano Merola, the Merola Opera Program began during the 1954-55 season and established its full training program in 1957. Merola has served as a proving ground for hundreds of artists, including Brian Asawa, Gregory Carroll, Mark Delavan, John Del Carlo, Julianna Di Giacomo, Susan Graham, Thomas Hampson, Bryan Hymel, Gary Lakes, Joyce DiDonato, Sylvia McNair, Paula Murrihy, Anna Netrebko, Patricia Racette, Kurt Streit, Fernando del valle, Patrick Summers, Ruth Ann Swenson, Jess Thomas, Riki Turofsky, Ricardo Bernal, Carol Vaness, Rolando Villazón, Deborah Voigt, and Dolora Zajick. The Program annually offers approximately 30 artists the opportunity of studying, coaching, and participating in master classes with established professionals for eleven and twelve weeks during the summer (12 weeks for apprentice coaches and 11 weeks for singers). Participants also perform in two complete opera productions with orchestra and the Schwabacher Summer Concert. The program incorporates intensive training in operatic repertory languages, diction, acting and movement and culminates with the Merola Grand Finale, a concert with full orchestra at the War Memorial Opera House. Merola also enables young coach accompanists and stage directors of exceptional talent to develop skills through the apprentice coach and stage director programs. The Merola Opera Program is a financially independent 501(c)3 organization that operates in close collaboration with the San Francisco Opera Center and San Francisco Opera. The Merola Opera Program is free to its artists and is supported by contributions of individuals, foundations and government entities. The program covers the artists' travel, housing, weekly stipends and all training expenses. In addition, Merola alums may apply for Career Grants up to $12,000 for the five years following their participation in the program. The program began more than sixty years ago. On August 30, 1953, San Francisco Opera founder and first General Director, Gaetano Merola, died at Stern Grove while conducting a young American singer in "Un bel di" from "Madama Butterfly". Maestro Merola wanted to provide young American singers opportunities as little formal training was available in the United States at the time and scant audition opportunities existed on the west coast. This prompted Mrs. Leland Atherton Irish of the Opera Guild of Southern California to ask the new San Francisco Opera General Director, Kurt Herbert Adler, why young western singers had to go to New York to audition. The Merola Memorial Fund was used to underwrite the San Francisco Opera Debut Auditions, professional auditions for singers from the western United States. The first regional auditions were held in Los Angeles, Pasadena, Sacramento, San Diego, San Jose, and San Francisco. Two hundred thirty-seven young singers applied and two hundred twelve were auditioned. Fifteen singers advanced to the semi-finals, on June 2, 1954. The eight finalists went on to the first San Francisco Opera Debut Auditions which took place at KNBC studios on June 13 and were broadest over KNBC. All historical content excerpted from. Merola Opera Program Merola Opera Program is a San Francisco based training program for opera singers, coaches, and stage directors. Merola Opera Program is a world-renowned opera training and performance program for promising young artists. Named for San Francisco Opera's first general director, Gaetano Merola, the Merola Opera Program began during the 1954-55 season and established its full training program in 1957. Merola has served as a proving ground for hundreds of artists, including Brian Asawa, Gregory Carroll, Mark Delavan, John Del | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Armegis Spearman Armegis O. Spearman(born April 5, 1978 in Oxford, Mississippi) is a former American football linebacker of the National Football League. Armegis (nicknamed "Mego") grew up in Bruce, Mississippi and was a member of the Bruce High School Trojan Football Team, earning honors as a High School All-American. He played college football at the University of Mississippi where he was selected named to the Freshman All-SEC team in 1996. In both his junior and senior seasons ('98 & '99), he earned All-SEC honors. After graduating with a B.A. in Business Administration, Spearman was invited to play in the Hula Bowl. However, he fell one vote short of being invited to the NFL Scouting Combine. Spearman said that his agent was contacted by several teams during the draft and was told continually that teams were considering drafting him, including the Green Bay Packers and New England Patriots in the third round. In the end, though, Spearman went undrafted. He received interest from 21 different teams. Spearman had been so impressed by his meetings with Cincinnati Bengals linebacker coach Mark Duffner that he chose to sign with the Bengals on a two-year contract with a $10,000 signing bonus. As soon as camp opened, Spearman impressed the Bengals coaching staff with his size, strength, and instincts. He began his rookie season playing primarily on special teams, but after an injury to starting middle linebacker Brian Simmons, Spearman was inserted into the starting lineup and had an outstanding season, logging 70 tackles. He was selected to the 2000 NFL All-Rookie Team. Coming off such a promising rookie campaign, Spearman was poised to become a centerpiece in the Bengals defense. However, he suffered a torn pectoral muscle and missed the entire 2001 season. Again, in 2002, he was bitten by the injury bug. After overcoming a hamstring injury suffered in the preseason finale, Spearman appeared in only seven games when an ankle injury landed him back on Injured Reserve on November 1, 2002. As a restricted free agent after the 2002 season, Spearman received an offer of $550,000 from the Packers. The Bengals elected to match the offer and retain him. However, Spearman struggled with injuries throughout training camp and was released by first year head coach Marvin Lewis. Two days later, Spearman was signed by the Houston Texans. However, he was released by the Texans on September 10, 2003. On April 14, 2004, the Packers signed Spearman. He was released the day before training camp started, and his professional career was essentially over. In August 2012, Spearman was hired by Central Methodist University, an NAIA school in Fayette, Missouri, to be their linebackers coach. He currently works as a Learning Specialist helping student-athletes at his former alma mater, the University of Mississippi. Armegis Spearman Armegis O. Spearman(born April 5, 1978 in Oxford, Mississippi) is a former American football linebacker of the National Football League. Armegis (nicknamed "Mego") grew up in Bruce, Mississippi and was a member of the Bruce High School Trojan Football | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
High Fidelity (song) "High Fidelity" is a song written by Elvis Costello and performed by Costello and the Attractions on their 1980 album, "Get Happy!!". Written in 1979, the song was released as the second single from the album and reached number 30 in the UK charts. The b-side was a cover of the Van McCoy song "Getting Mighty Crowded". In his autobiography, Costello described "High Fidelity as, "an incredibly sad, delusion of a song, in which a couple find themselves in different rooms with different lovers, one of them still irrationally believing their pledge will endure both the initial faithlessness and the solace of revenge." It was first played as a "lumbering" version on the 1979 American Armed Funk tour. Costello later said, "This is a pretty exciting record. It's very raw singing and a great rhythm track. We cut it in Holland, where we had nothing else to do but go mad in the studio." The opening line of the song, "Some things you never get used to", is a reference to the song of the same name by Diana Ross & the Supremes on the Motown label. Reviewed at the time of release, Rolling Stone said, "Even as Costello whispers menacingly, the tune's tense, martial beat propels him toward the inevitable realization that he doesn't have any choice. He accepts his fate, yet he isn't resigned to it. Not by a long shot." AllMusic declared it a "full-fledged masterpiece". The Trouser Press said, ""High Fidelity" is a dynamic song (with a bit of Four Tops sound) delivered with convincing grit and wit, and stands as one of Get Happy!!'s high spots. High Fidelity (song) "High Fidelity" is a song written by Elvis Costello and performed by Costello and the Attractions on their 1980 album, "Get Happy!!". Written | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Kushtrim Mushica Kushtrim Mushica (Serbian: Kuštrim Mušica) (born 1 May 1985) is a Kosovar professional footballer. Mushica was born in Pristina, SR Serbia, in modern-day Kosovo, which was part of Yugoslavia at the time, he began playing football in 1991 with local side KF Ramiz Sadiku at the age of 6. He remained at the club until the Kosovo War led him to move away to Turkey at the age of 14 to live with relatives for three months while his father and older brother remained in Prishtinë. He returned to his hometown once his father deemed Prishtinë to be reasonably safe, and soon after the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia came that ultimately ended the war. Following the end of the war, he joined FC Prishtina, the club he had supported as a child, and he was eventually promoted to the first team in 2002 at the age of just 17. He joined newly promoted Albanian Superliga side Bylis Ballsh on 21 August 2015 as a free agent. Kushtrim Mushica Kushtrim Mushica (Serbian: Kuštrim Mušica) (born 1 May 1985) is a Kosovar professional footballer. Mushica was born in Pristina, SR Serbia, in modern-day Kosovo, which was part of Yugoslavia at | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Julian von Haacke Julian von Haacke (born 14 February 1994) is a footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for SV Meppen, on loan from Darmstadt 98, in the 3. Liga. Von Haacke was born in Bremen, Germany on 14 February 1994. Von Haacke was with Post SV Bremen from 1998 to 2005 and Union 60 Bremen from 2005 to 2006 before joining Werder Bremen on 1 July 2006. Von Haacke made his debut for the club's reserves in a 1–0 loss to SV Meppen on 11 August 2013. He finished the 2013–14 season with three goals in 27 appearances. During the 2014–15 season, von Haacke only made five league appearances scoring one goal and two appearances in the promotional playoff being sidelined with a cruciate ligament injury for most of the season. Werder Bremen II were promoted to the 3. Liga for the 2015–16 season where von Haacke made his professional debut in a 2–1 win against Hansa Rostock on 25 July 2015. In June 2016, von Haacke signed a three-year contract with Eredivisie side NEC. In June 2017, von Haacke moved to 2. Bundesliga club SV Darmstadt 98 on a three-year contract, joining up with manager Torsten Frings who managed him as assistant coach to Viktor Skrypnyk in Werder Bremen's reserve team. The transfer fee was not disclosed. Von Haacke was released from Darmstadt's training in summer 2018 and occasionally trained with the Werder Bremen reserves in July and August. On 22 August 2018, he moved to 3. Liga side SV Meppen on loan for the 2018–19 season. Julian von Haacke Julian von Haacke (born 14 February 1994) is a footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for SV Meppen, on loan from Darmstadt 98, in the 3. Liga. Von Haacke was born in Bremen, Germany on 14 | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
John E. Pepper Jr. John E. Pepper Jr. (born August 2, 1938) is an American businessman. He served as Chief Executive Officer and/or Chairman of Procter & Gamble from 1995 to 2002. He was also CEO of the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, and until 2012 served as the Chairman of the Board of The Walt Disney Company. John E. Pepper Jr. was born August 2, 1938 in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Portsmouth Abbey School (then Portsmouth Priory) in Rhode Island, then graduated from Yale University in 1960, where he served on the board of the "Yale Daily News". From 1963 to 2003, he served in various positions at Procter & Gamble, including Chairman of the Board from 2000 to 2002, and CEO. He served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of The Procter & Gamble Company until December 2003. He then served as Vice President of finance and administration at Yale University from January 2004 to December 2005. He was a director of The Walt Disney Company beginning in 2006 (Chairman from 2007-2012) and of Boloco from 2007 to 2015, a Boston-based restaurant chain that his son John co-founded in 1997. He served as a fellow of the Yale Corporation from 1995 to 2003, including two years as senior fellow, and also served as a member of the Advisory Committee of the Yale School of Management. He now serves on the Board of Trustees of Xavier University. He also serves on the boards of Boston Scientific and Motorola. He is a member of the executive committee of the Cincinnati Youth Collaborative, and he sits on the boards of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy and the Partnership for a Drug-Free America. He was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 2008. John E. Pepper Jr. John E. Pepper Jr. (born August 2, 1938) is an American businessman. He served as Chief Executive Officer and/or Chairman of Procter & Gamble from 1995 to 2002. He was also CEO of the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, and until 2012 served as the Chairman of the Board of The Walt Disney Company. John E. Pepper Jr. was born August 2, 1938 in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Portsmouth Abbey School (then Portsmouth Priory) in Rhode Island, then graduated from Yale University in 1960, where he served on the board of the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Eugénie Sandler P.I. Eugénie Sandler P.I. is a 13-part Australian children's series that first aired on ABC1 in 2000. The series stars Xaris Miller as the title character. The show now airs on ABC3 in an afternoon time slot. Eugénie Sandler is your average everyday teenager, worried about the usual things, like her place in the world, who she is, and what it's like to be fifteen. She also worries about her father Ray, who is a private investigator whose job causes frequent changes of address. When her father goes missing one day and she discovers a bomb in her sink, her whole world is turned upside down. With the help of her new friend Warwick, she discovers that her world is not as simple as it seems and that the freedom of a (fictional) country known as Versovia depends on her actions. Along the way, she makes many new friends, saves a lot of lives and discovers that love is not as scary as people think. In late 1999 the Australian Broadcasting Company came up with the idea of a new children's detective show. In early 2000 after many scripts were written and casting had completed,they started filming. The first episode of the 13-part series aired on 30 October 2000. Eugénie Sandler P.I. Eugénie Sandler P.I. is a 13-part Australian children's series that first aired on ABC1 in 2000. The series stars Xaris Miller as the title character. The show now airs on ABC3 in an afternoon time slot. Eugénie Sandler is your average everyday teenager, worried about the usual things, like her place in the world, who she is, and what it's like to be fifteen. She also worries about her father Ray, who is a private investigator whose job causes frequent changes of address. When her father | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Wiregrass Region The Wiregrass Region—or Wiregrass Country—is an area of the Southern United States encompassing parts of southern Georgia, southeastern Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle. The region is named for the native "Aristida stricta", commonly known as wiregrass due to its texture. The region stretches approximately from just below Macon, Georgia and follows the Fall Line west to Montgomery, Alabama. From there it turns south and runs to approximately Washington County, Florida in the northern panhandle. From there it runs east, roughly making its southern boundary along Interstate 10 to Lake City, Florida. From there it turns north, roughly following the Suwannee River back into Georgia and along the western fringes of the Okefenokee Swamp. From here it runs due north back to Macon. Interstate 75, Interstate 10, U.S. Route 231, U.S. Route 331, and portions of Interstate 65 traverse parts of the Wiregrass. The portion of U.S. Route 84 through Georgia is known as the Wiregrass Georgia Parkway. Major cities in the region include: The region includes Fort Rucker, a U.S. Army post located mostly in Dale County, Alabama. The post is the primary flight training base for Army Aviation and is home to the United States Army Aviation Center of Excellence (USAACE) and the United States Army Aviation Museum. As well as Moody Air Force Base located in Lowndes and Lanier County, Georgia. Moody AFB is the home of the 23d Wing. The wing executes worldwide close air support, force protection, and combat search and rescue operations (CSAR) in support of humanitarian interests, United States national security and the global war on terrorism (GWOT). There are two major waterways in the region, and they bisect the Wiregrass, dividing it into three portions. The Chattahoochee River and the Flint River join to form the Apalachicola River, which flows south from Bainbridge, Georgia and Lake Seminole to the Gulf of Mexico at Apalachicola, Florida. Other waterways include Little Choctawhatchee River, Choctawhatchee River, and Choctawhatchee Bay. The Wiregrass Region suffers from extremely high humidity in the summer (due to its proximity to the Gulf) and enjoys mild winters. Snowfall occurs occasionally in this region in extremely cold years. The area is also prone to hurricanes and tropical storms. Most notably, Hurricane Michael which devastated the area during October of 2018. The Wiregrass Region received over of snow on February 12, 2010. The region had not seen this depth of snowfall since the 1970s or 1990s. The first winter storm warning in many years was issued in the Wiregrass and Florida. "Harper's Magazine" published a poem by Charles Ghigna in September 1974 describing the Wiregrass Region; it is titled "The Alabama Wiregrassers." Wiregrass Region The Wiregrass Region—or Wiregrass Country—is an area of the Southern United States encompassing parts of southern Georgia, southeastern Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle. The region is named for the native "Aristida stricta", commonly known as wiregrass due to its texture. The region stretches approximately from just below Macon, Georgia and follows the Fall Line west to Montgomery, Alabama. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Edwin Rose Edwin Rose (12 December 1863 – 11 January 1948) was an Australian politician who was a member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1916 to 1934, representing South-West Province. Rose was born in Harvey, Western Australia, to Annie Bishop (née Allnutt) and Robert Henry Rose. Having followed their father into farming, in 1887 he and his brother George Canler Rose became managers and part-owners of Quanbun Station, a pastoral lease in the Kimberley. They were later also involved with Cherrabun Station. In 1898, Rose returned to the South-West, purchasing a farm in Brunswick. He served on the Harvey Road Board in 1910. Rose entered parliament at the 1916 Legislative Council elections, standing for the Liberal Party. He switched to the Nationalist Party upon its foundation the following year, and was re-elected as a Nationalist in 1922 and 1928. Rose left parliament at the expiration of his third term, in 1934, and eventually retired to Bunbury, dying there in January 1948 (aged 84). He had married Janet Louise Clarke in 1902, with whom he had two daughters. His father-in-law, Ephraim Clarke, was also a member of the Legislative Council, and the two sat together between 1916 and 1921. Edwin Rose Edwin Rose (12 December 1863 – 11 January 1948) was an Australian politician who was a member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1916 to 1934, representing South-West Province. Rose was born in Harvey, Western Australia, to Annie Bishop (née Allnutt) and Robert Henry Rose. Having followed their father into farming, in 1887 he and his brother George Canler Rose became managers and part-owners of Quanbun Station, a pastoral lease in the Kimberley. They were later also involved with Cherrabun Station. In 1898, Rose returned to the South-West, purchasing a farm in Brunswick. He served | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Harkaway, Victoria Harkaway is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 40 km south-east of Melbourne's central business district. Its local government area is the City of Casey. At the , Harkaway had a population of 849. The suburb is one which is home to many who wish to avoid the inner city clutter, yet remain relatively close to the city, and is characterised by its large distinguished homes and parkland. Harkaway is located at the northeast corner of the City of Casey and is bounded by Robinson, Halleur and Harkaway Roads in the west, Boundary Road in the north, Cardinia Creek in the east, and by an irregular border with Berwick, Victoria below Dalton reserve in the south. Prior to European settlement, the area was home to the Bunurong and Wurundjeri indigenous peoples. They maintained a traditional hunting and gathering lifestyle with seasonal movements. A number of stone axe heads have been found in the Harkaway area in a location known as "Bald Hill", and some reports say that a corroboree was held there in 1858. However, by 1840, reduction of their hunting grounds, draining of the swamps and introduction of European diseases such as smallpox and measles effectively ended their ability to maintain a traditional lifestyle. The area was settled by German immigrants in the 1850s. They initially bought land at Thomastown with the intention of subdividing a German settlement, but fresh from trying their luck at the Bendigo goldfields, found the fertile land at Harkaway south of King Road (originally Koenig Road, built as a stock route to water the cattle) and settled there instead. They typically built small timber cottages for themselves and practiced small-scale intensive agriculture on family lots, with the families primarily engaged in clearing the land and growing wheat, oats and potatoes, and "also very active in dairying". However, a townsite was never actually declared. Harkaway Post Office opened on 1 January 1865. The settlers also constructed a number of other buildings - a Lutheran church (1869), the belfry of which is still intact and is located on Hessell Road; a single-room brick school (1876), a post office and a community hall (1909). Minnie a'Beckett, who married Arthur Merric Boyd, founder of the Boyd artistic dynasty, was based at "The Grange" in Harkaway in her early years, and Jessie Traill (1881-1967), a noted Australian painter, set up a studio in the 1920s. The town can be reached from Melbourne and the Monash Freeway by exiting at Heatherton Road, which becomes King Road on entering Harkaway. Most services are provided from nearby Berwick and Narre Warren. With the exception of Harkaway Road, Marks Court, St Fort Court, and a portion of King Road and Noack Road, all roads outside the main town are unsealed. Harkaway Primary School has an enrolment of about 200 students, a community hall, tennis courts and numerous walking and equestrian trails. The area is not served by Melbourne public transport. It contains the pioneer Harkaway quarry on Noack Road.(closed) Harkaway, Victoria | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Non-nucleophilic base As the name suggests, a non-nucleophilic base is a sterically hindered organic base that is a poor nucleophile. Normal bases are also nucleophiles, but often chemists seek the proton-removing ability of a base without any other functions. Typical non-nucleophilic bases are bulky, such that protons can attach to the basic center but alkylation and complexation is inhibited. A variety of amines and nitrogen heterocycles are useful bases of moderate strength (pK of conjugate acid around 10-13) Non-nucleophilic bases of high strength are usually anions. For these species, the pKs of the conjugate acids are around 35-40. Other strong non-nucleophilic bases are sodium hydride and potassium hydride. These compounds are dense, salt-like materials that are insoluble and operate by surface reactions. Some reagents are of high basicity (pK of conjugate acid around 17) but of modest but not negligible nucleophilicity. Examples include sodium "tert"-butoxide and potassium "tert"-butoxide. The following diagram shows how the hindered base, lithium diisopropylamide, is used to deprotonate an ester to give the enolate in the Claisen ester condensation, instead of undergoing a nucleophilic substitution. This reaction (deprotonation with LDA) is commonly used to generate enolates. Non-nucleophilic base As the name suggests, a non-nucleophilic base is | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
ISO 3166-2:HN ISO 3166-2:HN is the entry for Honduras in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Honduras, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 18 departments. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Honduras. The second part is two letters. Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA). Subdivision names are sorted in traditional Spanish alphabetical order: a-n, ñ, o-z. "Click on the button in the header to sort each column." The following changes to the entry are listed on ISO's online catalogue, the Online Browsing Platform: The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998: ISO 3166-2:HN ISO 3166-2:HN is the entry for Honduras in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Jay Johnson Morrow Jay Johnson Morrow (February 20, 1870 – April 16, 1937) was Chief Engineer of the United States First Army and as Deputy Chief Engineer of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I and Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1921 to 1924. He was born on February 20, 1870 in Fairview, West Virginia. He was of Scots-Irish descent. He was the brother of U.S. Senator and Diplomat Dwight Morrow and uncle of Anne Morrow Lindbergh. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1891. He was then commissioned in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. He was an instructor in military engineering at the United States Military Academy from 1895-96. He served as military governor of the Philippine Province of Zamboanga from 1901–02. He served as Engineering Commissioner in the District of Columbia from 1907 to 1909. During World War I, he served as Chief Engineer of First Army and as Deputy Chief Engineer of the American Expeditionary Force. He was Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1921 to 1924. Morrow married Harriet McMullen Butler on October 15, 1895. She was the daughter of Brigadier General John Gazzam Butler & Eliza Jane Miller Warnick. She was also the granddaughter of Charles Ward Warnick & Mary Ann Miller. He died on April 16, 1937. His ashes were scattered over the Chagres River, which feeds into the Panama Canal. Jay Johnson Morrow Jay Johnson Morrow (February 20, 1870 – April 16, 1937) was Chief Engineer of the United States First Army and as Deputy Chief Engineer of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I and Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1921 to 1924. He was born on February 20, 1870 in Fairview, West Virginia. He was of Scots-Irish descent. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Sanpitch (Ute chief) Sanpitch (killed April 18, 1866) was a leader of the Sanpits tribe of Native Americans who lived in what is now the Sanpete Valley, before and during settlement by Mormon immigrants. The Sanpits are generally considered to be part of the Timpanogos or Utah Indians He was the brother of famed Chief Walkara and the father of Black Hawk, for whom the Black Hawk War in Utah (1865–72) is named. In 1850, after measles from newly arrived Mormon settlers decimated their tribes, Walkara and Chief Sanpitch asked the Mormons to come to the Sanpete Valley to teach the band to farm, though this was met with little enthusiasm. In March 1866, as a ploy suggested by Brigham Young to bring Black Hawk to the bargaining table, the elderly Chief Sanpitch was taken into custody and incarcerated in the jail in Manti. A month later, while he and other jailed Indians were escaping, Sanpitch was shot and wounded. On April 18, 1866, he was found and killed in Birch Creek Canyon (in San Pitch Mountains, between Fountain Green and Moroni). The two Mormon men responsible for the chief's death buried his body under a rock slide by shooting at the canyon wall overhead. Sanpitch's interactions with early Mormon settlers are chronicled in Gottfredson's "History of Indian depredations in Utah". Sanpitch is almost certainly not the same person as the Shoshone chief of the same name who was alive in 1870. The Shoshone and Utes were enemies. Some sources indicate that he, or his grandfather of the same name, is the namesake of Sanpete County, the Sanpete Valley, the San Pitch Mountains, and the Sanpitch River. However, all of them share the origin of their names: the Sanpits people. According to William Bright, their name comes from the Ute word "saimpitsi", meaning "people of the tules". Sanpitch (Ute chief) Sanpitch (killed April 18, 1866) was a leader of the Sanpits tribe of Native Americans who lived in what is now the Sanpete Valley, before and during settlement by Mormon immigrants. The Sanpits are generally considered to be part of the Timpanogos or Utah Indians He was the brother of famed Chief Walkara and the father of Black Hawk, for whom the Black Hawk War in Utah (1865–72) is named. In 1850, after measles from newly arrived Mormon settlers decimated their tribes, Walkara and Chief Sanpitch asked the Mormons to | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Char Margolis Char Margolis (born August 21, 1951) is a self-proclaimed American psychic medium. She stars in her own show, "Char", on Dutch television, in which she claims to utilize her intuition to contact the spirits of deceased relatives of guests in her show. Char has come under public scrutiny in the Netherlands after several media outlets suggested she was a fraud using several self-taught tricks, including cold reading, to perform her readings Margolis was born in Detroit, Michigan, on August 21, 1951. At the age of 5 her family moved to Oak Park, Michigan where she attended public school from K-12. She attended Oakland Community College and transferred to Wayne State University with a teaching degree in secondary education. She was a volunteer for the Easter Seal Society in Michigan and while fundraising she was asked to be on a radio show as a psychic. She then was a regular on local TV in Michigan and in the 1980s was discovered by Regis Philbin, who at the time was hosting A.M.L.A., Char became a regular guest on the show. An appearance on "Live with Regis" in 2001 gave her national acclaim when she predicted Kelly Ripa's pregnancy (on live TV) when Kelly was auditioning for the host position. A stunned Ripa had to acknowledge the accuracy of this prediction by Char and in her own words, "I haven't even told my bosses yet!" She played herself in a 2013 episode of the U.S. cable drama "Royal Pains". In March 2008 Dutch television show "Zembla" claimed she was a fraud. This programme alleges that she uses a guessing technique called 'cold reading' instead of actually communicating with spirits. Moreover, her claim that she located the missing pilot Dean Paul Martin was shown to be false. The search team that located the plane was contacted by the programme and denied ever having heard of Char Margolis or having received her help in locating the pilot. However, Dean-Paul's brother, Ricci Martin claims in his book that Char did, in fact, locate the plane's wreckage. Char Margolis Char Margolis (born August 21, 1951) is a self-proclaimed American psychic medium. She stars in her own show, "Char", on Dutch television, in which she claims to utilize her intuition to contact the spirits of deceased relatives of guests in her show. Char has come under public scrutiny in the Netherlands after several media outlets suggested | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Kelly Williams Brown Kelly Williams Brown (born August 6, 1984 in Covington, Louisiana) is a New York Times-bestselling American writer and author. She is commonly credited with inventing the word "adulting", which refers to the small actions that together comprise maturity. She graduated from Loyola University New Orleans with a degree in print journalism, then worked as a features writer and columnist for the Hattiesburg American in Hattiesburg, Mississippi; New Orleans CityBusiness and the Salem, Ore. Statesman Journal. Her first book, "Adulting: How to Become A Grown-Up in 468 Easy(ish) Steps", published in 2013 by Grand Central Publishing, was a New York Times-bestseller and developed into a sitcom with JJ Abrams' Bad Robot. After the option was picked up by Pacific Standard, Reese Witherspoon included it in her book club. Her second book, "Gracious: A Practical Primer on the Art of Charm, Tact and Unsinkable Strength" was published in 2017 by Rodale Books. Kelly Williams Brown Kelly Williams Brown (born August 6, 1984 in Covington, Louisiana) is a New York Times-bestselling American writer and author. She is commonly credited with inventing the word "adulting", which refers to the small actions that together comprise maturity. She graduated from Loyola University New | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Watchman (law enforcement) Watchmen were organized groups of men, usually authorized by a state, government, city, or society, to deter criminal activity and provide law enforcement as well as traditionally perform the services of public safety, fire watch, crime prevention, crime detection, recovery of stolen goods. Watchmen have existed since earliest recorded times in various guises throughout the world and were generally succeeded by the emergence of formally organized professional policing. An early reference to a watch can be found in the Bible where the Prophet Ezekiel states that it was the duty of the watch to blow the horn and sound the alarm. (Ezekiel 33:1-6) The existence of watchmen has also been found in the Ottoman, Greek and Egyptian Empires. The Roman Empire turned the role of a watchman into a profession by creating two organizations: The streets in London were dark and had a shortage of and poor quality artificial light. It had been recognized for centuries that the coming of darkness to the unlit streets of a town brought a heightened threat of danger, and that the night provided cover to the disorderly and immoral, and to those bent on robbery or burglary or who in other ways threatened physical harm to people in the streets and in their houses. The anxieties that darkness gave rise to had been met by the formation of a night watch in the 13th century, and by the rules about who could use the streets after dark. These rules had for long been underpinned in London and other towns by the curfew, the time (announced by the ringing of a bell) at which the gates closed and the streets were cleared. Only people with good reason to be abroad could then travel through the City. Anyone outside at night without reason or permission was suspicious and potentially criminal. Allowances were usually made for people who had some social status on their side. Lord Fielding clearly expected to pass through London's streets untroubled at 1 am one night in 1641, and he quickly became piqued when his coach was stopped by the watch, shouting huffily that it was a 'disgrace' to stop someone of such high standing as he, and telling the constable in charge of the watch that he would box him on the ears if he did not let his coach carry on back to his house. 'It is impossible' to 'distinguish a lord from another man by the outside of a coach', the constable said later in his defence, 'especially at unreasonable times'. The Ordinance of 1233 required the appointment of watchmen. The Assize of Arms of 1252, which required the appointment of constables to summon men to arms, quell breaches of the peace, and to deliver offenders to the sheriff, is cited as one of the earliest creations of an English police force, as was the Statute of Winchester of 1285. In 1252 a royal writ established a Watch and Ward with royal officers appointed as Shire Reeves: By order of the King of England the Winchester Act Mandating The Watch. Part Four and the King commandth that from henceforth all Watches be made as it hath been used in past times that was to wit from the day of Ascension unto the day of St. Michael in every city by six men at every gate in every borough by twelve men in every town by six or four according to the number of inhabitants of the town. They shall keep the Watch all night from sun setting unto sun rising. And if any stranger do pass them by them he shall be arrested until morning and if no suspicion be found he shall go quit. Later in 1279 King Edward I formed a special guard of 20 sergeants at arms who carried decorated battle maces as a badge of official office. By 1415 a watch was appointed to the Parliament of England and in 1485 King Henry VII established a household watch that became known as the Beefeaters. After 1660 it seems that large numbers of men had avoided night-time service by paying for a substitute well before 1660. Substitution had become so common by the late 17th century that the night watch was virtually by then a fully paid force. In October 1663 was promulgated an act of Common Council, known as 'Robinson's Act' from the name of the sitting lord mayor, that confirmed the duty of all householders in the City to take their turn at watching in order 'to keep the peace and apprehend night-walkers, malefactors and suspected persons'. For the most part the Common Council Act of 1663 reiterated the rules and obligations that had long existed. The number of watchmen required for each ward, it declared, was to be the number 'established by custom' – in fact, by an act of 1621. Even though it had been true before the civil war that the watch had already become a body of paid men, supported by what were in effect the fines collected from those with an obligation to serve, the Common Council did not acknowledge this in the confirming Act of 1663. The act of 1663 confirmed that watch on its old foundations, and left its effective management to the ward authorities. The important matter to be arranged in the wards was who was going to serve and on what basis. How the money was to be collected to support a force of paid constables, and by whom, were crucial issues. The 1663 act left it to the ward beadle or a constable and it seems to have been increasingly the case that rather than individuals paying directly for a substitute, when their turn came to serve, the eligible householders were asked to contribute to a watch fund that supported hired man. From the mid-1690s the City authorities made several attempts to replace Robinson's Act and establish the watch on a new footing. Though they did not say it directly, the overwhelming requirement was to get quotas adjusted to reflect the reality that the watch consisted of hired men rather than citizens doing their civic duty—the assumption upon which the 1663 act, and all previous acts, had been based. The implications and consequences of changes in the watch were worked out in practice and in legislation in two stages between the Restoration and the middle decades of the 18th century. The first involved the gradual recognition that a paid (and full-time) watch needed to be differently constituted from one made up of unpaid citizens, a point accepted in practice in legislation passed by the Common Council in 1705, though it was not articulated in as direct a way. The fact that the 1705 act called for watchmen to be strong and able-bodied men seems further confirmation that the watch was now expected to be made up of hired hands rather than every male house holder serving in turn. The act of 1705 laid out the new quotas of watchmen and the disposition of watch-stands agreed to each ward. To discourage the corruption that had been blamed for earlier under-manning, it forbade constables to collect and disturbs the money paid in for hired watchmen: that was now supposed to be the responsibility of the deputy and common councilmen of the ward. The second stage was the recognition that watchmen could not be sustained without a major shift in the way local services were financed. This led to the City's acquisition of taxing power by means of an act of parliament in 1737 which changed the obligation to serve in person into an obligation to pay to support a force of salaried man. Under the new act, the ward authorities also continued to hire their own watchmen and to make whatever local rules seemed appropriate—establishing, for example, the places in their wards where the watchmen would stand and the beats they would patrol. But the implementation of the new Watch Act did have the effect of imposing some uniformity on the watch over the whole City, making in the process some modest incursions into the local autonomy of the wards. One of the leading elements in the regime that emerged from the implementation of the new act was an agreement that every watchman would be paid the same amount and that the wages should be raised to thirteen pounds a year. From 1485 to the 1820s, in the absence of a police | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
into an obligation to pay to support a force of salaried man. Under the new act, the ward authorities also continued to hire their own watchmen and to make whatever local rules seemed appropriate—establishing, for example, the places in their wards where the watchmen would stand and the beats they would patrol. But the implementation of the new Watch Act did have the effect of imposing some uniformity on the watch over the whole City, making in the process some modest incursions into the local autonomy of the wards. One of the leading elements in the regime that emerged from the implementation of the new act was an agreement that every watchman would be paid the same amount and that the wages should be raised to thirteen pounds a year. From 1485 to the 1820s, in the absence of a police force, it was the parish-based watchmen who were responsible for keeping order in London's streets. Night watchmen patrolled the streets between 9 or 10 pm until sunrise, and were expected to examine all suspicious characters. Such controls continued to be exercised in the late 17th century. Guarding the streets to prevent crime, to watch out for fires, and – despite the absence of a formal curfew – to ensure that suspicious and unauthorized people did not prowl around under cover of darkness was still the duty of night watch and the constables who were supposed to command them. The principal task of the watch in 1660 and for long after continued to be the control of the streets at night imposing a form of moral or social curfew that aimed to prevent those without legitimate reason to be abroad from wandering the streets at night. That task was becoming increasingly difficult in the 17th century because of the growth of the population and variety of ways in which the social and cultural life was being transformed. The shape of the urban day was being altered after the Restoration by the development of shops, taverns and coffee-houses, theatres, the opera and other places of entertainment. All these placed remained open in the evening and extended their hours of business and pleasure into the night. The watch was affected by this changing urban world since policing the night streets become more complicated when larger number of people were moving around. And what was frequently thought to be poor quality of the watchman—and in time, the lack of effective lighting—came commonly to be blamed when street crimes and night-time disorders seemed to be growing out of control. Traditionally, householders served in the office of constable by appointment or rotation. During their year of office they performed their duties part-time alongside their normal employment. Similarly, householders were expected to serve by rotation on the nightly watch. From the late seventeenth century, however, many householders avoided these obligations by hiring deputies to serve in their place. As this practice increased, some men were able to make a living out of acting as deputy constables or as paid night watchmen. In the case of the watch, this procedure was formalized in many parts of London by the passage of "Watch Acts", which replaced householders' duty of service by a tax levied specifically for the purpose of hiring full-time watchmen. Some voluntary prosecution societies also hired men to patrol their areas. While the societies for the reformation of manners showed there was a good deal of support for the effective policing of morality, they also suggested that the existing mechanisms of crime control were regarded by some as ineffective. Constable Dogberry's men from "Much Ado About Nothing" by Shakespeare would 'rather sleep than talk' may be dismissed as merely a dramatic device or a caricature, but successful dramatists nevertheless work with characters who strike a chord with their audience. A hundred years later such complaints were still commonplace. Daniel Defoe wrote four pamphlets and a broadsheet on the issue of street crime in which, among other things, he roundly attacked the efficacy of the watch and called for measures to ensure it 'be compos'd of stout, able-body'd Men, and of those a sufficient Number'. Watchmen on roads leading to London had a reputation for clumsiness in the late 1580s. It was a temptation on cold winter nights to slip away early from watching stations to catch some sleep. Constables in charge sometimes let watches go home early. 'The late placing and early dischargering' of night-watches concerned Common Council in 1609 and again 3 decades later when someone sent out to spy on watches reported that they 'break up longe before they ought'. 'The greatest parte of constables' broke up watches 'earlie in the morninge' at exactly the time 'when most danger' was 'feared' in the long night, leaving the dark streets to thieves. We can imagine watchmen on chilly nights counting off the hours until sunrise. Alehouses offered some warmth, even after curfew bells told people to drink up. A group of watchmen sneaked into a 'vitlers' house one night in 1617 and stayed 'drinking and taking tobacco all night longe'. Like other officers, watchmen could become the focus for trouble themselves, adding to the hullabaloo at night instead of ordering others to keep the noise down and go to bed. And as by day, there were more than a few crooked officers policing the streets at night, quite happy to turn a blind eye to trouble for a bribe. Watchman Edward Gardener was taken before the recorder with 'a common nightwalker' – Mary Taylor – in 1641 after he 'tooke 2s to lett' her 'escape' when he was escorting her to Bridewell late at night. Another watchman from over the river in Southwark took advantage of the tricky situation people suddenly found themselves in if they stumbled into the watch, 'demanding money [from them] for passing the watch'. Common complaint in the 1690s was that watchmen were inadequately armed. This was another aspect of the watch in the process of being transformed. The Common Council acts required watchmen to carry halberds, with some still doing so through the late seventeenth century. But it seems clear that few did, because the halberd was no longer suitable for the work they were being called upon to do. It was more often observed that watchmen failed to carry them, and it is surely the case that the halberd was no longer a useful weapon for a watch that was supposed to be mobile. By the second quarter of the 18th century, watchmen were equipped with a staff, along with their lantern. Another step in the right direction was building 'watch howses' as the country lurched towards revolution after 1640. A City committee was asked to look into the question 'what watchhouses are necessary' and where 'for the safety of this cittye' in 1642. Workmen began building watch houses in strategic spots soon after. They provided assembly-points for watchmen to gather to hear orders for the night ahead, somewhere to shelter from 'extremitye of wind and weather', and holding-places for suspects until morning when justices examined the night's catch. There were watch houses next to Temple Bar (1648), 'neere the Granaryes' by Bridewell (1648), 'neere Moregate' (1648), and next to St Paul's south door (1649). They were not big; the one on St. Paul's side was 'a small house or shed'. This was a time of experimentation, and people (including those in authority) were learning how to make best use of these new structures in their midst. The watchmen patrolled the streets at night, calling out the hour, keeping a lookout for fires, checking that doors were locked and ensuring that drunks and other vagrants were delivered to the watch constable. However, their low wages and the uncongenial nature of the job attracted a fairly low standard of person, and they acquired a possibly-exaggerated reputation for being old, ineffectual, feeble, drunk or asleep on the job. London had a system of night policing in place before 1660, although it was improved over the next century | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
to St Paul's south door (1649). They were not big; the one on St. Paul's side was 'a small house or shed'. This was a time of experimentation, and people (including those in authority) were learning how to make best use of these new structures in their midst. The watchmen patrolled the streets at night, calling out the hour, keeping a lookout for fires, checking that doors were locked and ensuring that drunks and other vagrants were delivered to the watch constable. However, their low wages and the uncongenial nature of the job attracted a fairly low standard of person, and they acquired a possibly-exaggerated reputation for being old, ineffectual, feeble, drunk or asleep on the job. London had a system of night policing in place before 1660, although it was improved over the next century through better lighting, administrations, finances, and better and more regular salaries. But the essential elements of the night-watch were performing completely by the middle of the seventeenth century. During the 1820s, mounting crime levels and increasing political and industrial disorder prompted calls for reform, led by Sir Robert Peel, which culminated in the demise of the watchmen and their replacement by a uniformed metropolitan police force. The first form of societal protection in the United States was based on practices developed in England. The City of Boston was the first settlement in the 13 colonies to establish a night watch in 1631. New York (then New Amsterdam) and Jamestown followed in 1658. With the unification of laws and centralization of state power ("e.g." the Municipal Police Act of 1844 in New York City, United States), such formations became increasingly incorporated into state-run police force (see metropolitan police and municipal police). Watchmen still exist under Florida statutes and are recognised / given special dispensation in law. This can be verified by England's Old Bailey court records. Watchman (law enforcement) Watchmen were organized groups of men, usually authorized by a state, government, city, or society, to deter criminal activity | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Plains of San Agustin The Plains of San Agustin (sometimes listed as the Plains of San Augustin) is a region in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico in the San Agustin Basin, south of U.S. Highway 60. The area spans Catron and Socorro Counties, about 50 miles (80 km) west of the town of Socorro and about 25 miles north of Reserve. The plains extend roughly northeast-southwest, with a length of about 55 miles (88 km) and a width varying between 5–15 miles (8–24 km). The basin is bounded on the south by the Luera Mountains and Pelona Mountain (outliers of the Black Range); on the west by the Tularosa Mountains; on the north by the Mangas, Crosby, Datil, and Gallinas Mountains; and on the east by the San Mateo Mountains. The Continental Divide lies close to much of the southern and western boundaries of the plains. The Plains of San Agustin were purportedly the site of the Roswell UFO incident. Geologically, the Plains of San Agustin lie within the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, just south of the southeast edge of the Colorado Plateau, and west of the Rio Grande Rift Valley. The basin is a graben (a downdropped block which subsided between parallel faults). The graben is younger than the Datil-Mogollon volcanic eruptions. The flat floor of the plains was created by a Pleistocene lake (Lake San Agustin). Although the graben has dropped an estimated 4,000 ft., the surface relief has been reduced to about 2,000 ft. by sedimentation. A great deal of the sediments entered the San Agustin basin prior to the formation of Lake San Agustin in the last glacial period. There is no evidence of tectonic activity in the area after Lake San Agustin became extinct. Ecologically, the plains lie near the northern end of the Chihuahuan Desert (though the ranges surrounding the Gila River headwaters intervene), which is dominated by shrublands. The plains are probably best known as the site of the Very Large Array, a radio astronomy observatory. The plains were chosen for the observatory because of their isolated location away from large population centers, and the partial shielding effect of the surrounding mountain ranges. The edges of the plains have sites of archaeological interest such as a prehistoric rockshelter known as Bat Cave. Other sites in the area include a ghost town called Old Horse Springs and the Ake Site, a prehistoric occupation site. Plains of San Agustin The Plains of San Agustin (sometimes listed as the Plains of San Augustin) is a region in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico in the San Agustin Basin, south of U.S. Highway 60. The area spans Catron and Socorro Counties, about 50 miles (80 km) west of the town of Socorro and about 25 miles north of Reserve. The plains extend roughly northeast-southwest, with a length of about 55 miles (88 km) and a width varying between 5–15 miles (8–24 km). The basin is bounded on the south by the Luera Mountains and Pelona | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Cape Chaunar Cape Chaunar, Cap Uarsig, Cape Nun, Cap Noun, Cabo de Não or Nant is a cape on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in southern Morocco, between Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni. By the 15th century it was considered insurmountable by Arabs and Europeans, thus resulting in the name meaning cape "no" in Portuguese. Cape Chaunar is the true northern coastal limit of the Sahara desert, although nearby Cape Bojador is frequently mistakenly called this. The thirteenth century Genovese navigators Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi may have sailed as far as Cape Non before being lost at sea. It was named "Cabo de Não" ("Cape No") by Portuguese mariners during the fifteenth century, being considered the impassable limit for Arab and European sailors, the "non plus ultra" beyond which no navigation could occur. ""Quem o passa tornará ou não"" (those who cross it, return or not), wrote Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto in his book "Navigazione". Starting in 1421, exploratory vessels were sent by Prince Henry the Navigator, managing to cross Cape Non and reaching Cape Bojador, then considered the southern limit of the world, stretching into the ""dark sea"" (Latin "Mare Tenebrarum", "Mare Tenebrosum" or "Bahr al-Zulumat" in Arabic) the medieval name for the Atlantic Ocean inaccessible to the sailors of the time. Cape Chaunar Cape Chaunar, Cap Uarsig, Cape Nun, Cap Noun, Cabo de Não or Nant is a cape on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in southern Morocco, between Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni. By the 15th century it was considered insurmountable by Arabs and Europeans, thus resulting in the name meaning cape "no" in Portuguese. Cape Chaunar is the true northern coastal limit of the Sahara desert, although nearby Cape Bojador is frequently mistakenly called this. The thirteenth century Genovese navigators Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi may have sailed as | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Darius Leonard Darius Leonard (born July 27, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the South Carolina State Bulldogs and was drafted in the second round of the 2018 NFL Draft by the Colts. Leonard led SCSU in tackles as a redshirt freshman in 2014, compiling 86, 14 for loss, 5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles. He posted 70 stops the following year (2015), 13 of those for loss, with five sacks and two interceptions to earn a first-team all-conference selection as a redshirt sophomore. After the 2016 season, Leonard was named the MEAC defensive player of the year, making SC State the first school to win the award four years in a row. Leonard finished the season with 124 tackles, 14 tackles for loss, 3 sacks, two interceptions, three pass break-ups, and four forced fumbles. He had an impressive game against ACC powerhouse Clemson, totaling 19 tackles. Leonard saved his best for last, as he posted career highs in total tackles (113) and sacks (8) as a senior while picking off two more passes and forcing one fumble. His 73 solo tackles in 2017 put him in the Top 10 in the nation, and 4 of his sacks came in his final two games. He also won the MEAC defensive player of the year award again after the 2017 season. On November 20, 2017, it was announced that Leonard had accepted his invitation to play in the 2018 Senior Bowl. On January 27, 2018, Leonard played in the 2018 Senior Bowl and recorded a game-high 14 combined tackles (five solo) as part of Bill O'Brien'sNorth team that defeated the South 45–16. Leonard's performance at the Senior Bowl immensely helped his draft stock. Leonard attended the NFL Scouting Combine, but was unable to complete all of his combine drills after injuring his quadriceps while running his 40-yard dash. He completed the bench press, 40-yard dash, 20-yard dash, and 10-yard dash at the NFL Combine. On March 20, 2018, Leonard participated at South Carolina State's pro day and performed the rest of his combine drills. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Leonard was projected to be a second or third round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the sixth best inside linebacker prospect in the draft by NFL analyst Mel Kiper Jr. and was ranked the seventh best outside linebacker by DraftScout.com. The Indianapolis Colts selected Leonard in the second round (36th overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. Leonard was the fifth linebacker taken in the draft. On July 23, 2018, Leonard signed a four-year, $7.24 million contract that included $4.16 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $3.35 million. Leonard entered training camp slated as the starting weakside linebacker. Head coach Frank Reich named Leonard the starting weakside linebacker to start the regular season in 2018, alongside Najee Goode and middle linebacker Anthony Walker Jr. He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Colts' season-opener against the Cincinnati Bengals and recorded nine combined tackles and recovered a fumble in their 34–23 loss. In Week 2, he collected 19 combined tackles (15 solo) and made his first career sack on Redskins' quarterback Alex Smith during a 21–9 win at the Washington Redskins. For his performance, he was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week. The following week, Leonard recorded 13 combined tackles (nine solo) and made two sacks on Eagles' quarterback Carson Wentz in the Colts' 20–16 loss at the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 3. On October 4, 2018, after totaling 54 tackles (which led the league, and was most by a player in first four weeks of the season since 1994) and 4 sacks (leading all rookies) in September, Leonard was named the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Month. In Week 8 against the Oakland Raiders, Leonard made 9 tackles and forced a fumble on running back Doug Martin to help seal a 42-28 victory. In Week 15, Leonard broke the Colts' franchise record for most tackles by a rookie in a single season with 143, in a 23-0 win vs the Dallas Cowboys. On November 11, 2017, Leonard proposed to his girlfriend after SC State beat Hampton. Darius Leonard Darius Leonard (born July 27, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the South Carolina State Bulldogs and was drafted in the second round of the 2018 NFL Draft by the Colts. Leonard led SCSU in tackles as a redshirt freshman in 2014, compiling 86, 14 for loss, 5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles. He posted 70 stops the following year (2015), 13 of those for loss, with five sacks | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Jelenin svet Jelenin svet ("Jelena's World") is a 2008 independent documentary film written and directed by Tanja Brzaković, about former World No. 1 female tennis player, Jelena Janković. The film follows Jelena Janković over a 14-month period, and includes tennis tournaments in Madrid and Berlin, as well as her visits to her home in Belgrade. At the beginning of the documentary, Janković was ranked as third best tennis player in the world. The film follows her regime as she prepares for various meets, deals with maintaining her diet, trains, meets with fans, and begins her matches. When the film premiered in Belgrade on November 12, 2008, it outsold the James Bond film "Quantum of Solace" which opened there that same weekend, bumping the Bond film to second place in the Serbian box office. In speaking about the film, "Politika" made note that full-length theatrically released documentary films about Serbian athletes are rare. They appreciated that "Jelenin svet" celebrated the efforts of one of the best among the best in the world, and that the film was able to document Jelena Janković's rise from third-best to world's best. They wrote that the film is dynamic, witty and cheerful in its portrait of Janković, and that it allows viewers to better understand the subject of the film. Jelenin svet Jelenin svet ("Jelena's World") is a 2008 independent documentary film written and directed by Tanja Brzaković, about former World No. 1 female tennis player, Jelena Janković. The film follows Jelena Janković over a 14-month period, and includes tennis tournaments in Madrid and Berlin, as well as her visits to her home in Belgrade. At the beginning of the documentary, Janković was ranked as third best tennis player in the world. The film follows her regime as she prepares for various meets, deals with | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
No Sail No Sail is a cartoon produced by The Walt Disney Company in 1945, featuring Donald Duck and Goofy. It follows Donald and Goofy after finding themselves stranded at sea and the crazy ways they try to survive. Goofy and Donald are at a marina where they hire a "U-Drive Sail Boat". After Donald boards, Goofy follows but stops partway along to untie the boat. After Goofy gets on board, Donald inspects the sail mechanism. Aware of Goofy's intentions, the seagull migrates from Donald's head to Goofy's just as Goofy brings the club down on Donald's head. Upon realising where the bird is now, Goofy hands a dazed and angry Donald the club and is promptly hit on the head when the seagull changes sides again. Donald then grabs the club and begins repeatedly hitting Goofy on the head, however Goofy is distracted by the bird flying away. Donald stops to inspect the damage but is surprised when he sees his beating Goofy has left lumps on the club. As the hook swings past Donald it hooks itself onto his shirt, sending Donald circling over an oblivious Goofy's head. Goofy then casts the line far out from the boat, and as Donald sails over the water he is followed by two sharks. After falling underwater, Donald finds himself face-to-face with a shark, but after frantically swimming away from it he finds himself in the mouth of another shark, which he promptly swims out of and away from. But while Donald is fighting the sharks, Goofy is busy trying to untangle his fishing line but is getting it progressively even "more" tangled. Donald is only rescued when the sharks he is holding take off, spinning Goofy around the boat several times and prompting him to reel in, only to find instead of a fish at the end of his line, Donald, almost similar to how "On Ice", and Goofy complies, however he accidentally drops him bill-first into the sail's coin slot, which sends the mast shooting out and folding into place. The short can be found on "Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Two" disc 2 and on the "Walt Disney's Classic Cartoon Favorites Extreme Adventure Fun" Volume 7. No Sail No Sail is a cartoon produced by The Walt Disney Company in 1945, featuring Donald Duck and Goofy. It follows Donald and Goofy after finding themselves stranded at | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal The Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal ("Professional Football League"), also known by its acronym LPF, is a Romanian governing body that runs the Liga I, the top professional division of the Romanian football league system. Its current president is Gino Iorgulescu, elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2017. The football club's organisation formula was originally "A Divisionary College" (""Colegiul Divizionar A"") when it was founded on 5 October 1970. It was then led by Mircea Angelescu. Until 1990, the "A Divisionary College" was formal without remarkable decisions. After 90's have started a lot of changes reflected by often organizations renames like "A Divisional Team's League", "National Football League", "Professional Club's League", etc. On 10 October 1992, the organisation's name became "Professional Football A Division League". Then, on 22 January 1993, the name of organization became "Professional Football League of Romania", an A Division professional football clubs representation. On 30 September 1996, Dumitru Dragomir was elected as president of "Professional Football League of Romania". The headquarters is established on 47 Mihai Eminescu Street (February 1997). It was decided that the league will organize the A Division Championship starting with 1997-1998 edition. On October 2000, Dumitru Dragomir was re-elected. On November 2005, Dumitru Dragomir has been re-elected as the president of the organisation. On November 2013, Gino Iorgulescu won the election. On October 2017, Gino Iorgulescu has been re-elected as the president of the organisation. Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal The Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal ("Professional Football League"), also known by its acronym LPF, is a Romanian governing body that runs the Liga I, the top professional division of the Romanian football league system. Its current president is Gino Iorgulescu, elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2017. The football club's organisation formula was originally "A Divisionary College" (""Colegiul Divizionar A"") | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans is a species of mosquito that have been documented in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. This mosquito is a known as a vector of West Nile virus and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. The geographic range of "C. perturbans" is increasing due to the growing extensity of the feeding area and disease transmission of this species. They are known to exist throughout the United States, mainly with a southern distribution, and are mammalophilic. "Coquillettidia" sp. are vectors for many diseases, including West Nile virus, and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, among others. "C. perturbans" infected with Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (or EEE) have been discovered in the United States, eastern Canada, the Caribbean, and Latin America. This mosquito is implicated in transmitting EEE to humans, horses, resident birds, and sometimes emus, and also transmitting the John Cunningham virus while feeding on deer. Though "C. perturbans" are not usually the primary vector of EEE, it still influences the spread of this disease due to its ability to fly long distances and feed on large animals, including humans. The climate where this disease transmission takes place most often can be defined as swamp and/or hardwood forest habitat. "Coquillettidia perturbans" are small flies that are characterized by slender bodies, long legs, and can range from 2.0 mm to (10.0–15.0 mm) in length. The body of this species contains three segments consisting of a head, thorax, and abdomen. The prominent identifying characteristics of "C. perturbans" consist of: dark and light scales of the legs in an alternating pattern, the sides of the thorax covered with groups of or scale bristles, while the scales of the wings and palps can be defined as tear-drop in shape and located around the veins and outer edges of the wings, alternating in color. General characteristics of "C. perturbans" include, but are not limited to: a small head, wedge-shaped thorax, elongated and slim wings, a lengthened and almost cylindrical abdomen, plumose antennae in males and pilose antennae in females, along with a long and slender proboscis, enabling this species with a piercing and sucking apparatus in order to obtain blood meals. The larva and pupa of "C. perturbans" are small and contain a siphon modified for respiration through underwater, aquatic plant life. "Coquillettidia perturbans" are most commonly found in areas of low elevation and high vegetation that have warm summers and a high degree of humidity in the air. This allows for the swamp-like habitat to exist for the growth of cattails ("Typha latifolia") and also "Juncus" sp. "C. perturbans" prefer in order for prime larval and pupal development to occur. The water quality of the area also plays an important factor for the "Coquillettidia" sp.: the water must not have current, it also must have a neutral pH, low salt concentration, and a low level of suspended particle matter. The distribution of this species is growing due to the growing area of feeding range, and disease transmission experienced. "Coquillettidia perturbans" lay their eggs in the form of an egg raft in a marsh or swamp habitat. This raft usually contains around 100 eggs, which generally hatch after several days depending on the temperature of the environment. The larvae and pupae are adapted with an abdominal segment capable of piercing the inner gaseous tissue of the aquatic plant life, or aerenchyma, located within this environment, such as cattails ("Typha latifolia") and "Juncus" sp. This piercing allows access to the root epidermal cell layer of the plant, or the aerenchyma, in order to breathe, allowing the larvae and pupae to complete atmospheric oxygen uptake exclusive of the risk of being located near the surface of the water, as to avoid predators and insecticides. "C. perturbans" complete four aquatic larval instars while pupal development ranges from a few hours to a few weeks depending on the climate present. If the climate consists of cold weather, this could lengthen the larval period several months. The pupal stage can range from a few hours to several weeks, depending on the climate of the environment. Approximately twenty-four hours after the adult is released from the pupal case, the wings have completed the hardening process and are fully expanded, enabling it to fly. The life cycle takes around seven to sixteen days to complete, and the "C. perturbans" can live up to five or six months if the hibernation stage takes place. Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans is a species of mosquito that have been documented in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. This mosquito is a known as a vector of West Nile virus and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. The geographic range of "C. perturbans" is increasing due to the growing extensity of the feeding area and disease transmission of this species. They are known to exist throughout the United | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
If You Were Still Around "If You Were Still Around" is a song by Welsh musician and composer John Cale. It was written by John Cale together with playwright Sam Shepard. It was originally released on Cale's 1982 album "Music for a New Society". On 27 October 2014, a year after the death of his The Velvet Underground–bandmate Lou Reed, Cale released a new version of this song. For this version was also released music video directed by Abigail Portner. At the beginning of the video Cale is lying on the floor in a fetal position and after he views the photos of Reed and other deceased people associated with the Velvet Underground and The Factory: Sterling Morrison, Nico, Andy Warhol, and Edie Sedgwick. In 2016, Cale released "M:FANS", a re-recording of the "Music for a New Society" album. "M:FANS" includes two versions of "If You Were Still Around." One version retains the original title of the song, while the version titled "If You Were Still Around (Choir Reprise)" is the version of the song previously released in 2014. If You Were Still Around "If You Were Still Around" is a song by Welsh musician and composer John Cale. It | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
High Council of Justice (Georgia, country) = High Council of Justice of Georgia = The High Council of Justice of Georgia is the supreme oversight body in charge of regulating the judiciary in the Republic of Georgia. It consists of 15 members, and is chaired by the chairperson of the Supreme Court of Georgia, and administered in significant part by the Secretary of the High Council of Justice. The institution consists, as of 2017, of 15 members. The head of the legal committee of the Parliament of Georgia is an ex-officio member of the High Council. Another five members come from the parliament, one is appointed by the President of Georgia, and eight members are elected by the self-governing body of judges. Except for the ex-officio chairperson, members serve for four years. Members can serve for one four-year term only. The HCoJ's tasks, as described on the HCoJ website include the "appointment and dismissal of judges, organization of judicial qualification examinations, elaboration of judicial reform proposals, and performance of other tasks envisaged by the Law." Key decisions, including those on disciplinary measures against judges, and on appointing new judges, require a two third majority of its members to vote in favour. As the main regulating body, the HCoJ is the subject of particular attention in discussions on judicial reform and the overall independence of the judiciary. High Council of Justice (Georgia, country) = High Council of Justice of Georgia = The High Council of Justice of Georgia is the supreme oversight body in charge of regulating the judiciary in the Republic of Georgia. It consists of 15 members, and is chaired by the chairperson of the Supreme Court of Georgia, and administered in significant part by the Secretary of the High Council of Justice. The institution consists, as of 2017, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria Hunfrid () was the Margrave of Istria and, according to some sources, Duke of Friuli from 799 to 804, when a Duke John was ruling Istria. He was the founder of the family called the Hunfridings. Hunfrid first appears in Istria as "marchio" in 799, the same year that Eric of Friuli died. He was probably an Aleman, although the historian of early medieval Raetia, Elizabeth Meyer-Marthaler, considered him of Frankish origin. He was the count of Rhaetia in 806 and 808. A record of his presiding over a public court at Rankweil survives in his capacity as count of Rhaeta ("Reciarum comis") survives. He interrogated witnesses, ordered boundaries of a disputed property walked out, ordered judges ("scabini") to make a finding and issued a verdict in writing. The surviving record describes him as a "vir inluster". Based on his presence in a list of personages in the "libri memoriales" of Reichenau and Sankt Gallen, he is presumed to have married Hitta (Hidda), an Udalriching and probably the niece or granddaughter of Gerold of Vinzgouw and thus a cousin or niece of Hunfrid's predecessor in Italy, Eric. Based on the same memorial books, he is probably the father of Adalbert, his successor in Rhaetia, Odalric, who became Count of Barcelona in another part of the Empire, and Hunfrid II, who became "dux super Redicam" (duke over Rhaetia) and father of the later Hunfriding Dukes of Swabia. Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria Hunfrid () was the Margrave of Istria and, according to some sources, Duke of Friuli from 799 to 804, when a Duke John was ruling Istria. He was the founder of the family called the Hunfridings. Hunfrid first appears in Istria as "marchio" in 799, the same year that Eric of Friuli died. He was probably | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Order of Maternal Glory The Order of Maternal Glory () was a Soviet civilian award created on 8 July 1944 by Joseph Stalin and established with a decision of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Its status was confirmed by the Soviet's decision of 18 August 1944 and later modified by 16 September 1947, 28 May 1973 and 28 May 1980 decisions. It was awarded on behalf of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR through decrees of local Soviet presidencies. The order was divided into three classes: first, second and third class. It was conferred to: The order was conferred upon the first birthday of the last child, provided that the other children necessary to reach the qualifying number (natural or adopted) remained alive. Children who had perished under heroic, military or other respectful circumstances, including occupational diseases, were also counted. The award was created simultaneously with the Mother Heroine () order and the Maternity Medal () and it was situated in between them. The author of the art project was the painter Goznaka. The first decree for bestowing the award was issued on 6 December 1944, when the first class order was conferred to 21 women, the second class to 26 and the third class to 27. In total the order was awarded in the first class to 753,000 women, 1,508,000 received the second class award and 2,786,000 received the third class award. First class medals were totally silver made in a convex egg-shape. They were high and wide. In the upper part of the medal contained a red enamel flag with the phrase (Maternal Glory) and the Roman number showing the order's class. Below the flag, there was a white enamel shield with the (USSR) inscription. The upper part of the shield was decorated with a five-pointed star and the lower part with the hammer and sickle symbol. On the left side, there was a figure of a mother holding a son in her arms covered with roses on her lowest part. The lower part of the medal contains a flag and gilded lettering. In second class medals, the flag's enamel was dark-blue and there were not gilded parts while in the third class ones enamel disappeared from the flag, shield and star. The back of the medals was in white enamel. First class medals were suspended to a single light-blue fringe while second class had two light-blue fringes and third class three of them. Order of Maternal Glory The Order of Maternal Glory () was a Soviet civilian award created on 8 July 1944 by Joseph Stalin and established with a decision of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Its status was confirmed by the Soviet's decision of 18 August 1944 and later modified by 16 September 1947, 28 May 1973 and 28 May 1980 decisions. It was awarded on behalf of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR through decrees of local Soviet presidencies. The order was divided into | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
2010 Copa Colombia The 2010 Copa Colombia, officially the 2010 Copa Postobón for sponsorship reasons, was the eighth edition of the Copa Colombia, the national cup competition for clubs of DIMAYOR. It began on February 24 and ended on November 3. The winner, Deportivo Cali, earned a berth in the 2011 Copa Sudamericana. The format for 2010 differs from last year's. A total of 16 teams (instead of 12), which include the group winners, runners-up, and the four best third-placed teams, advance from the first phase to the second phase. Group A comprises teams from the Caribbean Region. Group B comprises teams from the Paisa Region. Group C comprises teams from Santander, Norte de Santander, and Boyacá. Group D comprises teams from Bogotá and Villavicencio. Group E comprises teams from the Pacific Region. Group F comprises teams from Cundinamarca and the western part of the country. In all tables, Team #2 played the second leg at home. First legs: August 18 and 19; Second legs: August 25. First legs: September 8, 15 and 16; Second legs: September 22, 23 and 29. First legs: October 6; Second legs: October 13. "Deportivo Cali won on points 6–0 2010 Copa Colombia The 2010 | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Mount Morris, Pennsylvania Mount Morris is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in Perry Township, near I-79. As of the 2010 census the population was 737. Mount Morris is located at (39.733135, -80.067842), on Interstate 79 near the West Virginia state line. Its elevation is above sea level. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.27%, are water. High Point Raceway, a motocross track, is located east of Mount Morris. The track hosts races in the AMA Motocross Championships series, including the High Point Nationals held each Father's Day weekend. Also known for having authentic Native American trails. Mount Morris, Pennsylvania Mount Morris is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in Perry Township, near I-79. As of the 2010 census the population was 737. Mount Morris is located at (39.733135, -80.067842), on Interstate 79 near the West Virginia state line. Its elevation is above sea level. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.27%, are water. High Point | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
B3 (stock exchange) The B3 (in full, "B3 - Brasil Bolsa Balcão S.A. or B3 - Brazil, Stock Exchange and Over-the-Counter Market)", formerly BM&FBOVESPA, is a Stock Exchange located at São Paulo, Brazil and the second oldest of the country. At the end of 2011 it had a market capitalization of R$2.37 Trillion, making it the 13th largest stock exchange in the world. However, owing the slump in economic growth in Brazil associated with political problems, in addition to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar vis-à-vis the Brazilian Real, the capitalization shrank to R$2.21 trillion by the end of 2015. On May 8, 2008, the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) and the Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange (BM&F) merged, creating "BM&FBOVESPA". Then at March 30, 2017, BM&FBOVESPA merged with CETIP, creating "B3." The benchmark indicator of B3 is the Índice Bovespa or commonly known as Ibovespa. There were 381 companies traded at Bovespa as of April 30, 2008. On May 20, 2008 the Ibovespa index reached its 10th consecutive record mark closing at 73,516 points, with a traded volume of US$4.2 billion or R$7.4 billion, and on August 17, 2011 the Ibovespa made its biggest traded volume in its history, with a volume of US$14.8 billion or R$23.7 billion. B3 also has offices in Rio de Janeiro, New York City, Shanghai, and London. Founded on August 23, 1890 by Emilio Rangel Pestana, the "Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo" (São Paulo Stock Exchange, in English) has had a long history of services provided to the stock market and the Brazilian economy. Until the mid-1960s, Bovespa and the other Brazilian stock markets were state-owned companies, tied with the Secretary of Finances of the states they belonged to, and brokers were appointed by the government. After the reforms of the national financial system and the stock market implemented in 1965/1966, Brazilian stock markets assumed a more institutional role. In 2007, the Exchange demutualized and became a for-profit company. Through self-regulation, Bovespa operates under the supervision of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM), analogous to the American SEC. Since the 1960s, it has constantly evolved with the help of technology such as the introduction of computer-based systems, mobile phones and the internet. In 1972, Bovespa was the first Brazilian stock market to implement an automated system for the dissemination of information online and in real-time, through an ample network of computer terminals. At the end of the 1970s, Bovespa also introduced a telephone trading system in Brazil; the "Sistema Privado de Operações por Telefone" or "SPOT" (Private System of Telephone Trading, in English). At the same time, Bovespa developed a system of fungible safekeeping and online services for brokerage firms. In 1990, the negotiations through the "Sistema de Negociação Electrônica" - CATS (Computer Assisted Trading System) was simultaneously operated with the traditional system of "Pregão Viva Voz" (open outcry). Currently, BM&FBOVESPA is a fully electronic exchange. In 1997, a new system of electronic trading, known as the Mega Bolsa, was implemented successfully. The Mega Bolsa extends the potential volume of processing of information and allows the Exchange to increase its overall volume of activities. With the goal to increase popular access to the stock markets, Bovespa introduced in 1999 the "Home Broker", an internet-based trading systems that allows individual investors to trade stocks. The system enables users to execute buy and sell orders online. In 2000, Bovespa created three new listing segments, the Novo Mercado (New Market), Level 2 and Level 1 of Corporate Governance Standards, allowing companies to accede voluntarily to more demanding disclosure, governance and compliance obligations. The new listing segments mostly languished until 2004, when a growing number of newly public companies began to list on the Novo Mercado and other segments as part of a capital-raising effort. From 2004 to 2010, the vast majority of new listings on the Bovespa were made by Novo Mercado, Level 2 and Level 1 companies. The Novo Mercado, Level 2 and Level 1 segments are based on a contractual agreement of the listed company, its controlling shareholder, and its management to comply with specified regulations. In addition, listed companies must submit to arbitration as a method of resolving disputes. The set of protections entailed by a Novo Mercado listing is apparently deemed by market participants to increase the attractiveness of companies. The stock market index of Novo Mercado listed companies (the IGC) has consistently outperformed the broader Ibovespa index since its launch. The recent success of the Brazilian equity capital markets is attributed to a significant extent to the credibility engendered by the Novo Mercado regulations. In 2007, only the United States and China equity markets had a greater number of initial public offerings. The availability of a "market exit" has also encouraged the development of a private equity industry, a growing Brazilian investment banking market and a thriving asset management industry. Another side benefit of a thriving equity market has been access to equity financing for the international expansion of Brazilian business. Brazilian multinational companies have used the proceeds of equity offerings to fund a growing number of international acquisitions. Vale, Embraer, Gerdau, Brazil Foods, Marfrig Alimentos and JBS have acquired businesses outside Brazil using the proceeds from equity offerings. Attractive valuations of Brazilian subsidiaries have led international companies to list their Brazilian subsidiaries, as was the case of Banco Santander Brasil. On May 8, 2008, Bovespa Holding announced the merger of the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) and the Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange (BM&F), creating the world's second largest stock exchange. As a result of an early 2008 stock swap, Chicago's CME Group owns a 5% stake in BM&FBovespa, and in turn, BM&FBovespa owns a 5% stake in CME Group. The agreement has also created an order routing trading system between both exchanges. On June 18, 2012, BM&FBovespa became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). On June 16, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil has approved the change to the corporate name of BM&FBOVESPA S.A. – Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros to B3 S.A. – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão, which must be used in all formal communications and references to the Company. The merger of Cetip S.A. – Mercados Organizados into B3 S.A. – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão was approved both at the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on June 14, 2017 and by CVM, and that the action shall occur on July 03, 2017. The exchange has a pre-market session from 09:45am to 10:00am, a normal trading session from 10:00am to 5:30pm and a post-market session from 6:00pm to 7:30pm weekdays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance. In the cash market, tickers are composed by four letters, a number, and a suffix in some cases. The letters stand for the listed company and the number disclosed the equity type, as follows: 11 and onward, codes may represent many situations, most commonly units (UNT, a certificate meshing different equities together. For instance, SULA11 is a unit comprising one common stock and two preferred stocks issued by Sul América S.A.), exchange-traded funds, real estate investment funds (known as FII, REIT in English) and Brazilian Depositary Receipts (BDRs). Nevertheless, they may state other conditions, as debenture subscription rights, special situations, and so on. It is important to note that "classified" preferred stocks (A, B, C, D and furthermore) do not have an implicit meaning, i.e., each issuer may attribute different rights and restrictions for a given class. This means it is | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
The letters stand for the listed company and the number disclosed the equity type, as follows: 11 and onward, codes may represent many situations, most commonly units (UNT, a certificate meshing different equities together. For instance, SULA11 is a unit comprising one common stock and two preferred stocks issued by Sul América S.A.), exchange-traded funds, real estate investment funds (known as FII, REIT in English) and Brazilian Depositary Receipts (BDRs). Nevertheless, they may state other conditions, as debenture subscription rights, special situations, and so on. It is important to note that "classified" preferred stocks (A, B, C, D and furthermore) do not have an implicit meaning, i.e., each issuer may attribute different rights and restrictions for a given class. This means it is mandatory to learn individually their characteristics as they are not directly comparable among companies. The suffix B after the ticker means the equity is traded at the over the counter (OTC) market. Here are some examples: VALE5 = Vale PNA shares CSNA3 = Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional common shares CTNM4 = Companhia de Tecidos Norte de Minas - Coteminas preferred shares ABCB2 = Banco ABC Brasil preferred shares subscription rights ETER9 = Eternit S.A. ordinary shares receipts SANB11 = Banco Santander Brasil units FAMB11B = Fundo de Investimento Imobiliário Ed. Almirante Barroso, OTC MILA11 = iShares MidLarge Cap ETF AVON11B = Avon Products, Inc. BDRs, OTC Ex rights conditions are indicated in the equity trade name as a suffix composed by the letter E (for ex condition) and a letter or a combination of letters depending on the corporate actions involved: Trade names may carry another symbols depending on their corporate governance. BM&FBOVESPA has four distinctive listing segments for companies that agree to undertake voluntary corporate rules on each segment: Equities' trade names are composed by the issuer's name, brand name or abbreviation (as it is limited to 12 characters), equity type, corporate governance level when pertinent and ex rights indication when appropriate. Here are some examples (please note some equities listed here, such as subscription rights, do not exist anymore due to its own finite nature. The same apply to ex rights indication by the same reason): BOVESPA calculates and discloses several indexes: IBOVESPA: Total return index comprising the most representative companies in the market, both by market cap and traded volume. It is the benchmark index of São Paulo Stock Exchange. It is the oldest BOVESPA index, and it is being broadcast since 1968. IBRX 50: Also called Brasil 50, it comprises the 50 most traded equities at BOVESPA. IBRX: It has the same purpose of IBRX 50, but embracing the 100 most traded equities. IBRA: Brazil Broad-Based Index, it comprises a wider range of companies, aiming to embrace 99% of all companies already selected for any other exchange indexes. Its main goal is to represent the most relevant companies in the stock exchange. MLCX: The Midlarge Cap Index shows the performance of the most relevant companies at the exchange, responding for at least 85% its total market value. SMLL: The Small Cap Index comprises relevant companies who don't apply for the MLCX listing, i.e., heavily traded companies which does not fill the 85% market share criteria. IVBX: It was conceived as an index to trail the 2nd tier companies, defined as those which trading ranking is from 11th and beneath, therefore not to be classified as blue chips. Nevertheless, most of its members are highly relevant companies, needing to comply with high traded volume and market capitalization. IDIV: The Dividend Yield index, it comprises companies which show the highest dividend yields values in the market, along with a strong trading session participation. IEE: Electric Power Index INDX: Industrial Index ICON: Consumption Index IMOB: Real estate Index IFNC: Financial Index (comprising banks, credit card processors, insurance companies, etc.) IMAT: Basic Materials Index (representing raw materials, pulp & paper, packaging, steel, etc.) UTIL: Public Utilities Index (electric power, water & sewage, gas, etc.) IGC: Corporate Governance Index comprises all companies listed in any of the distinctive governance levels, irrespectively of its market cap. IGCT: Corporate Governance Trade index filters the IGC components by trading liquidity. IGNM: The New Market Index congregates all listed companies in the New Market portion of the BOVESPA. ITAG: The Tag Along Index is composed of equities that offer to his bearer privileged tag along rights compared to those granted by Brazilian law and a minimum trading volume. ICO2: Efficient Carbon Index is granted to companies who complies with efficient efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions and are eligible for IBRX 50. ISE: Corporate Sustaintability Index is comparable to the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, to join companies tied to environmental, social and accountability goals. IFIX: Real State Investment Funds measure the listed REIT's return at BOVESPA. Unlike other indexes, it can be composed of OTC equities. BDRX: Unsponsored Brazilian Depositary Receipt Index reflects the valuation of those equities which are not freely distributed at the stock exchange but limited to qualified investors, as defined by Brazilian regulations. B3 (stock exchange) The B3 (in full, "B3 - Brasil Bolsa Balcão S.A. or B3 - Brazil, Stock Exchange and Over-the-Counter Market)", formerly BM&FBOVESPA, is a Stock Exchange located at São | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Local zeta-function In number theory, the local zeta function formula_1 (sometimes called the congruent zeta function) is defined as where formula_3 is the number of points of formula_4 defined over the degree formula_5 extension formula_6 of formula_7, and formula_4 is a non-singular formula_9-dimensional projective algebraic variety over the field formula_7 with formula_11 elements. By the variable transformation formula_12, then it is defined by as the formal power series of the variable formula_14. Equivalently, the local zeta function sometimes is defined as follows: In other word, the local zeta function formula_17 with coefficients in the finite field formula_7 is defined as a function whose logarithmic derivative generates the numbers formula_3 of the solutions of equation, defining formula_4, in the "m" degree extension formula_6. Given a finite field "F", there is, up to isomorphism, just one field "F" with for "k" = 1, 2, ... . Given a set of polynomial equations — or an algebraic variety "V" — defined over "F", we can count the number of solutions in "F" and create the generating function The correct definition for "Z"("t") is to make log "Z" equal to "G", and so we will have "Z"(0) = 1 since "G"(0) = 0, and "Z"("t") is "a priori" a formal power series. Note that the logarithmic derivative equals the generating function For example, assume all the "N" are 1; this happens for example if we start with an equation like "X" = 0, so that geometrically we are taking "V" a point. Then is the expansion of a logarithm (for |"t"| < 1). In this case we have To take something more interesting, let "V" be the projective line over "F". If "F" has "q" elements, then this has "q" + 1 points, including as we must the one point at infinity. Therefore, we shall have and for |"t"| small enough. In this case we have The first study of these functions was in the 1923 dissertation of Emil Artin. He obtained results for the case of hyperelliptic curve, and conjectured the further main points of the theory as applied to curves. The theory was then developed by F. K. Schmidt and Helmut Hasse. The earliest known non-trivial cases of local zeta-functions were implicit in Carl Friedrich Gauss's "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", article 358; there certain particular examples of elliptic curves over finite fields having complex multiplication have their points counted by means of cyclotomy. For the definition and some examples, see also. The relationship between the definitions of "G" and "Z" can be explained in a number of ways. (See for example the infinite product formula for "Z" below.) In practice it makes "Z" a rational function of "t", something that is interesting even in the case of "V" an elliptic curve over finite field. It is the functions "Z" that are designed to multiply, to get global zeta functions. Those involve different finite fields (for example the whole family of fields Z/"p"Z as "p" runs over all prime numbers). In that connection, the variable "t" undergoes substitution by "p", where "s" is the complex variable traditionally used in Dirichlet series. (For details see Hasse-Weil zeta-function.) With that understanding, the products of the "Z" in the two cases used as examples come out as formula_33 and formula_34. For projective curves "C" over "F" that are non-singular, it can be shown that with "P"("t") a polynomial, of degree 2"g" where "g" is the genus of "C". Rewriting the Riemann hypothesis for curves over finite fields states For example, for the elliptic curve case there are two roots, and it is easy to show the absolute values of the roots are "q". Hasse's theorem is that they have the same absolute value; and this has immediate consequences for the number of points. André Weil proved this for the general case, around 1940 ("Comptes Rendus" note, April 1940): he spent much time in the years after that writing up the algebraic geometry involved. This led him to the general Weil conjectures, Alexander Grothendieck developed the scheme theory for the sake of resolving it and finally, Pierre Deligne had proved a generation later. See étale cohomology for the basic formulae of the general theory. It is a consequence of the Lefschetz trace formula for the Frobenius morphism that Here formula_39 is a separated scheme of finite type over the finite field "F" with formula_11 elements, and Frob is the geometric Frobenius acting on formula_41-adic étale cohomology with compact supports of formula_42, the lift of formula_39 to the algebraic closure of the field "F". This shows that the zeta function is a rational function of formula_44. An infinite product formula for formula_45 is Here, the product ranges over all closed points "x" of "X" and deg("x") is the degree of "x". The local zeta function "Z(X, t)" is viewed as a function of the complex variable "s" via the change of variables "q". In the case where "X" is the variety "V" discussed above, the closed points are the equivalence classes "x=[P]" of points "P" on formula_47, where two points are equivalent if they are conjugates over "F". The degree of "x" is the degree of the field extension of "F" generated by the coordinates of "P". The logarithmic derivative of the infinite product "Z(X, t)" is easily seen to be the generating function discussed above, namely Local zeta-function In number theory, the local zeta function formula_1 (sometimes called the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
William Alexander Greenhill William Alexander Greenhill (1 January 1814, Stationers' Hall, London – 19 September 1894, Hastings) was an English physician, literary editor and sanitary reformer. William Alexander Greenhill was the youngest of three sons of George Greenhill, treasurer of the Stationers' Company. He was educated at Rugby School under Thomas Arnold: a favourite pupil of Arnold, he later married Arnold's niece Laura Ward. At Rugby he befriended A. H. Clough, W. C. Lake, A. P. Stanley and C. J. Vaughan; he went on to Trinity College, Oxford, where he took no arts degree but (studying medicine at the Radcliffe Infirmary and Paris) graduated M.B. in 1839 and M.D. in 1840. Greenhill was appointed physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary in 1839. A "pioneer in the cause of sanitary reform, in the days when sanitary reform was thought a crazy fanaticism", he first wrote on Oxford's public health and mortality for the Ashmolean Society, after a cholera outbreak in Oxford. In 1840 he hosted Richard Francis Burton in his house, encouraging the young student to study the Arabic by introducing him to the Spanish scholar Don Pascual de Gayangos. At the time Greenhill, who lived in John Henry Newman's parish, was serving as Newman's churchwarden; he came to know Pusey, and other leaders of the Oxford Movement. Other Oxford academic friends included Charles Page Eden, William John Copeland, Charles Marriott, J. B. Morris and James Bowling Mozley. A political liberal, Greenhill actively supported William Ewart Gladstone's election as MP for the university in 1847. Like other university liberals, however, he was later discomfited by Gladstone's direction in the 1880s: he did not vote liberal in 1885 (fearing disestablishment of the Church of England) or 1886 (objecting to the Home Rule programme.) In 1851 Greenhill resigned his Radcliffe Infirmary post and briefly attempted practice as an Oxford physician. However, he moved later that year to Hastings on grounds of health, though he may also have wanted to escape Oxford's febrile religious controversies. For many years he was physician to the St. Leonards and East Sussex Infirmary. His investigations of mortality rates in Hastings showed the insanitary conditions of artisan housing, despite the town's new popularity as a health resort. In 1857 he founded the Hastings Cottage Improvement Society, and was its secretary from 1857 to 1891: this company bought up and improved insanitary accommodation, as well as building new housing of a better standard. The venture's success prompted Greenhill to promote the idea at the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, and establish a similar organisation in London, the London Labourers' Dwellings Society, of which he was secretary from 1862 to 1876. On Gladstone's recommendation, Greenhill was granted a civil list pension of £60 in 1881. At the time of his death at The Croft, Hastings, aged 81, Greenhill had outlived his wife and his eldest daughter and son, who had each died young; one son and one daughter survived him. Greenhill's interest in Arabic and Greek medical writers resulted in a Greek and Latin edition of Theophilus, a Latin edition of Thomas Sydenham (1844), an English translation from the Arabic of Rhazes on small-pox, and a large number of articles in William Smith's "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities". In the mid-1840s he published anonymous memoirs of James Stonhouse, Thomas Harrison Burder and George Cheyne, and edited material on physicians' social duties by Jacob Horst, Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, and Thomas Gisbourne. Greenhill was an enthusiast for Sir Thomas Browne, and his 1881 edition of "Religio Medici" for Macmillan's 'Golden Treasury' series was praised for its scholarship, becoming a standard edition of the book. His edition of Browne's "Hydriotaphia" and "Garden of Cyrus", unfinished at his death, was completed by his friend E. H. Marshall and published in 1896. He was an editor and frequent contributor to the "British Medical Journal", and contributed to "Notes and Queries" and the "Dictionary of National Biography". William Alexander Greenhill William Alexander Greenhill (1 January 1814, Stationers' Hall, London – 19 September 1894, Hastings) was an English physician, literary editor and sanitary reformer. William Alexander Greenhill was the youngest of three sons of George Greenhill, treasurer of the Stationers' Company. He was educated at | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Temple Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the Elephant God Ganesha. It opened in 2011. The temple premises has idols of Ganesha, Murugan, Shiva, Durga, Bhairava and Navagrahas. A new bigger temple is being constructed in the same premises which includes various Hindu Gods. It is situated in George Eliot Road, off Foleshill Road, Coventry CV1 4HT and is easily reachable by the local buses. Daily Poojas are performed. Coventry pillaiyar (கொவென்றி பிள்ளையார்) is yet another name for Coventry Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Devasthanam situated in the heart of England. The temple was founded by local devotees who is very much love with Lord Ganesha. The annual festival of the Temple (தேவஸ்தானம்) is conducted every year beginning with flag hoisting and continued for 10 days. Highlight of this annual event is chariots festival (தேர் திருவிழா) where Lord Ganesha is taken on a beautifully decorated cart pulled by devotees around designated streets of Coventry. The Hindhu Art College, a wing of Temple Devasthanam, conducts a regular art and Language classes. They also host various community cultural events and attract all communities. Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Temple Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Emma Fessey Emma Fessey (born 5 November 1996) is an Australian national representative rower. She is an Australian champion and was a medallist at the 2018 World Rowing Championships. Fessey was raised on a cattle and sheep property north of Brewarrina, New South Wales where her family were graziers. Her primary schooling was via the School of the Air. Her secondary education was at Loreto Normanhurst where she took up rowing. Her senior rowing club has been from the UTS Haberfield Rowing Club under coach David Gely who had also been her school coach. Her state representative debut for New South Wales came in the 2016 youth eight which contested the Bicentennial Cup at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships. Senior state honours came for Fessey in 2018 in the New South Wales women's eight which placed second in the Queen's Cup at the 2018 Interstate Regatta. Fessey made her Australian representative debut to the Australian senior squad and straight into the stroke seat of the senior women's eight when they started their 2018 international campaign with a bronze medal win at the World Rowing Cup II in Linz, Austria. She then stroked the eight again to their fifth placing at the WRC III in Lucerne. Then at the 2018 World Rowing Championships in Plovdiv with Fessey again setting the pace, the Australian women's eight won their heat and placed third in the final winning the bronze medal. Emma Fessey Emma Fessey (born 5 November 1996) is an Australian national representative rower. She is an Australian champion and was a medallist at the 2018 World Rowing Championships. Fessey was raised on a cattle and sheep property north of Brewarrina, New South Wales where her family were graziers. Her primary schooling was via the School of the Air. Her | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
A.S. Fiumicino 1926 A.S. Fiumicino 1926, formerly known as Fiumicino Calcio, is an Italian football club, based in Fiumicino, a suburb of Greater Rome in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (formerly Province of Rome). The club participated in Serie D and Eccellenza Lazio several times, but as of 2018–19 season, participating in Promozione Lazio Group C. The club also affiliated to A.S. Roma as a feeder club. Fiumicino Calcio was founded in 1926 in Fiumicino, at that time part of Rome "comune" as Fiumicino (XXXVII) of Circoscrizione XIV of Rome. Fiumicino "comune" was created in 1992. The registration number of the club was 76,297. The club was the founding member of Eccellenza Lazio, the new 6th highest level in 1991. The club played in Promozione Lazio from 1981 to 1991, at that time the 6th highest level. Eccellenza and Promozione became the 5th and 6th level in 2014, after the disestablishment of Lega Pro Seconda Divisione. Fiumicino won Eccellenza Lazio in 1993 and again 1996. The club played in Campionato Nazionale Dilettanti (Serie D) from 1993 to 1996 and again from 1996 to 1998. Fiumicino was relegated again in season, with only 20 points. The club was relegated from in 2006 and again from season in 2012. Thus, in 2012–13 season, Fiumicino had derbies with namesake Città di Fiumicino. In 2012–13 Promozione Lazio season, Città di Fiumicino finished as the 8th, and Fiumicino was relegated again as the 18th. Fiumicino became a repechage to in September 2014 to fill the vacancy left by Monterotondo. In 2015, Fiumicino merged with another minor club of the "comune", "A.S.D. Isola Sacra 2011" (namesake of Isola Sacra). The new denomination was A.S. Fiumicino 1926, with a new registration number 943,007. The club played their home matches in Stadio Pietro Desideri, on 2 Via Balsofiore, Fiumicino. The stadium was also used by Lupa Roma. The stadium had a capacity of 2,500. A.S. Fiumicino 1926 A.S. Fiumicino 1926, formerly known as Fiumicino Calcio, is an Italian football club, based in Fiumicino, a suburb of Greater Rome in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (formerly Province of Rome). The club participated in Serie D and Eccellenza Lazio several times, but as of 2018–19 season, participating in Promozione Lazio Group C. The club also affiliated to A.S. Roma as a feeder club. Fiumicino Calcio was founded in 1926 in Fiumicino, at that time part of Rome "comune" | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Charles Brookfield Charles Hallam Elton Brookfield (19 May 1857 – 20 October 1913) was a British actor, author, playwright and journalist, including for "The Saturday Review". His most famous work for the theatre was "The Belle of Mayfair" (1906). Brookfield achieved success in a 20-year acting career, including with the company of Squire Bancroft at London's Haymarket Theatre in the 1880s. After he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, in 1898, Brookfield focused on writing plays and musical theatre. In his last years, he was Britain's Examiner of Plays, even though he had been criticised as biased against various playwrights and also for writing a particularly risqué comedy in 1908. Brookfield was born in London, the third child of Rev. William Henry Brookfield, curate of St. Luke's, Berwick Street and his wife, Jane Octavia Brookfield (née Elton), novelist, daughter of Sir Charles Elton, 6th Baronet and niece of Henry Hallam. Brookfield was named after his paternal grandfather, a solicitor. His mother was a close friend of Thackeray and other literary figures, and his father was a devotee of the theatre, and young Brookfield grew up used to the company of artists and celebrities. With his brother Arthur, he created "dramatic diversions" at home. He was educated at Westminster School, from 1871 to 1873, and over the next two years attended lectures at King's College London, while also studying French theatre and becoming a reviewer of novels for "The Examiner" and a member of the Savile Club at the early age of seventeen. He then entered Trinity College, Cambridge (1875–78), participating in the productions of the Amateur Dramatic Club. There he earned the Winchester Reading Prize in 1878. After this, he tried studying law but disliked it. Despite opposition from his family, Brookfield decided to try acting and made his professional stage debut in 1879 in a production of "Still Waters Run Deep" at the Alexandra Palace Theatre. In his first year, he appeared mostly on tour. In 1880, after a severe bout of ill health, Brookfield joined the company of Squire Bancroft at London's Haymarket Theatre, earning complimentary reviews for his performances in supporting roles. In 1884 he married actress and author Frances Mary Grogan (1857–1926), who used the stage name Ruth Francis. The couple had one child, Peter, born in 1888. Brookfield became known for witty repartee and was popular at clubs and social gatherings. His acting career ranged from pantomime and farce to Shakespeare. He starred in plays together with such stars of the day as Ellen Terry, Herbert Beerbohm Tree and the Kendals. Early in his acting career, Brookfield began to write plays, including adaptations of French plays. His "Poet and Puppets", a travesty of Oscar Wilde's "Lady Windermere's Fan", with music by Jimmy Glover, was well received at the Comedy Theatre in 1892, starring Charles Hawtrey and Lottie Venne. He also wrote "To-day" in 1892 and "The Twilight of Love" in 1893. In November 1893, he became the first actor known to portray Sherlock Holmes on stage, appearing at the Royal Court Theatre in "Under the Clock", a musical parody of Holmes and Watson written with Seymour Hicks, who played Watson. Lottie Venne played Hannah, a maid of all-work. The piece angered Arthur Conan Doyle. His play, "A Woman's Reason", which ran at the Shaftesbury Theatre in 1895, was the first of his plays to appear on Broadway, in 1896. One of Brookfield's last acting roles was in "The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein", as Baron Grog, with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company at the Savoy Theatre in 1897. He prepared the English adaptation of this piece, in which he bowdlerised the more risqué French version. In 1898, after nearly two decades on stage, Brookfield gave up acting when, after a severe illness, he was diagnosed with advanced tuberculosis. He then focused, despite continued bouts of ill health and periods of convalescence in Europe, on journalism and writing farcical plays and musical theatre works. In 1900, he became a Roman Catholic and later visited Downside Abbey, in Somerset, where his son became a pupil in 1901. His stage works, in addition to those mentioned above, include the farce "The Cuckoo", which premiered at the Avenue Theatre in London (1899), also playing on Broadway the same year at Wallack's Theatre; a comic opera, "The Lucky Star" (1899), written in conjunction with Adrian Ross and Aubrey Hopwood for the D'Oyly Carte; a play called "I Pagliacci", based on the opera, at the Savoy Theatre (1904); the comic play "What Pamela Wanted" at the Criterion Theatre (1905); and another comedy, "The Lady Burglar" at Terry's Theatre (1906). Brookfield's most successful work was the long-running Edwardian Musical Comedy, "The Belle of Mayfair" (1906), together with Basil Hood and Cosmo Hamilton, with music by Leslie Stuart, which also ran on Broadway beginning the same year. Another musical, the same year, was "See-See", with lyrics by Ross and music by Sidney Jones, at the Prince of Wales Theatre. His play "I Pagliacci" ran on Broadway in 1908. Brookfield's work as a journalist included several years on the staff of "The Saturday Review". In 1902, Edward Arnold published Brookfield's volume of "Random Reminiscences". He and his wife together wrote "Mrs Brookfield and her Circle" (1905). One of his later works, "Dear Old Charley", another French adaptation, was produced at the Vaudeville Theatre in 1908 starring Charles Hawtrey. Though the critics admitted that the play was funny, it "caused a storm of controversy and became a synonym for the extremest stage naughtiness" and was criticised as unsuitable for the stage. It therefore amazed the public, and amused "The New York Times", that Brookfield became the Examiner of Plays in the Lord Chamberlain's office in 1911. He also was attacked in the press as hostile to the "New Drama", such as Ibsen and Shaw, and also to Oscar Wilde, helping to gather evidence against Wilde in his trial of 1895. However, Brookfield ignored public criticism and performed his duties, although his health continued to fail. Brookfield succumbed to tuberculosis in 1913 at his home in London, aged 56. He is buried at Stratton on the Fosse, Somerset, in the Catholic Church. Charles Brookfield Charles Hallam Elton Brookfield (19 May 1857 – 20 October 1913) was a British actor, author, playwright and journalist, including for "The Saturday Review". His most famous work for the theatre was "The Belle of Mayfair" (1906). Brookfield achieved success in a 20-year acting career, including with the company of Squire Bancroft at London's Haymarket Theatre in the 1880s. After he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, in 1898, Brookfield focused on writing plays and musical theatre. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Flag of Libya The flag of Libya was originally introduced in 1951, following the creation of the Kingdom of Libya. It was designed by Omar Faiek Shennib and approved by King Idris Al Senussi who comprised the UN delegation representing the regions of Cyrenaica, Fezzan and Tripolitania at UN unification discussions. The flag fell out of use in 1969, but was subsequently adopted by the National Transitional Council and anti-Gaddafi forces and effectively reinstated as the country’s national flag in article three of the Libyan Draft Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Stage issued on 3 August 2011. The flag of the Kingdom of Libya was adopted when Libya gained full independence in 1951. It consisted of a white star and crescent on a triband red-black-green design, with the central black band being twice the width of the outer bands. The design was based on the banner of the Senussi dynasty from Cyrenaica, which consisted of a black field and star and crescent design, and was later used as the flag of the region. Omar Faiek Shennib, Chief of the Royal Diwans, Vice President of the National Assembly and Minister of Defense under King Idris Al Senussi is credited in the memoirs of Adrian Pelt, UN commissioner for Libya (1949 to 1951) for the design of the original flag of Libya. According to Pelt: "during deliberations of the Libyan National Constitutional Convention, a paper drawing of a proposed national flag was presented to the convention by Omar Faiek Shennib [distinguished member of the delegation from Cyrenaica]. The design was composed of three colors; red, black and green, with a white Crescent and Star centered in the middle black stripe. Mr. Shennib informed the delegates that this design had met the approval of His Highness Emir of Cyrenaica, King Idris Al Senussi [later to become King of Libya]. The assembly subsequently approved that design." This flag represented Libya from its independence in 1951 until the 1969 Libyan coup d'état. The symbolism of the star and crescent in the flag of the Kingdom of Libya was explained in an English language booklet, "The Libyan Flag & The National Anthem", issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya (year unknown) as follows: "The crescent is symbolic of the beginning of the lunar month according to the Muslim calendar. It brings back to our minds the story of Hijra [migration] of our Prophet Mohammed from his home in order to spread Islam and teach the principles of right and virtue. The Star represents our smiling hope, the beauty of aim and object and the light of our belief in God, in our country, its dignity and honour which illuminate our way and puts an end to darkness." In 2011, interviews with Ibtisam Shennib and Amal Omar Shennib, Omar Faeik Shennib's only two remaining children, were cited as confirming Pelt's account of the origin of the flag. Ibtisam Shennib recalled the morning her father brought a draft of the flag to the breakfast table and showed it to her and her siblings, explaining the original intent behind the selection of the flag's colours and symbols. According to Omar Faiek Shennib, "red was selected for the blood sacrificed for the freedom of Libya, black to remember the dark days that Libyans lived under the occupation of the Italians and green to represent its primary wealth, agriculture, [Libya once being referred to as the 'agricultural basket' or 'breadbasket' of the Ottoman Empire] and the future prosperity of the country. The star and crescent were placed within the black central strip of the flag as a reference to the Senussi flag and the role of King Idris in leading the country to independence". During the Libyan Civil War against the rule of Muammar Gaddafi, the 1951–69 flag — as well as various makeshift versions without the crescent and star symbol, or without the green stripe — came back into use in areas held by the Libyan opposition and by protesters at several Libyan diplomatic missions abroad. The National Transitional Council, formed on 27 February 2011, adopted the flag previously used in the Kingdom of Libya between 1951 and 1969 as the "emblem of the Libyan Republic". The flag was officially defined in article three of the Libyan Draft Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Stage: The national flag shall have the following shape and dimensions: Its length shall be double its width, its shall be divided into three parallel coloured stripes, the uppermost being red, the centre black and lowest green, the black stripe shall be equal in area to the other two stripes together and shall bear in its centre a white crescent, between the two extremities of which there shall be a five‑pointed white star. On 10 March 2011, France was the first country to recognise the council as the official government of Libya, as well as the first to allow the Libyan embassy staff to raise the flag. On 21 March, the flag was flown by the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations and appeared on their official website, and thereafter in late August by the Arab League and by Libya's own telecommunications authority, the Libya Telecom & Technology, on its own website. In the following months many other Libyan embassies replaced the green flag of Gaddafi with the tricolour flag. This original flag of Libya is now the only flag used by the United Nations to represent Libya, according to the following UN statement: "Following the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 66/1, the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations formally notified the United Nations of a Declaration by the National Transitional Council of 3 August 2011 changing the official name of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to 'Libya' as well as a decision to change Libya's national flag to the original." All Libyan diplomatic posts, such as embassies and consulates, use the original flag of Libya. The flag of Libya is described in Article 7 of the Constitution of 7 October 1951. It was officially adopted on 24 December 1951. The passage from the constitution reads: Both the precise shade and legal construction is described in a booklet issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya in 1951. The passage reads: The name "Libya" was introduced during colonisation by Italy in 1934. Before 1911, the Ottoman vilayet of Tripolitania (the "kingdom of Tripoli") included much of the same territory as modern Libya. The short-lived Tripolitanian Republic in western Libya had its own flag, which had a light blue field and a green palm tree in the center, with a white star on top of it. It was unilaterally declared in 1918 and claimed sovereignty over the entire former vilayet, but never had full "de facto" governance. From 1934 to 1943, Libya was an Italian colony and adopted the flag of the Kingdom of Italy. The areas of Libya under British military administration (Cyrenaica 1942–1949 and Tripolitania 1943–1951) did not have their own flag and thus, used the Union flag of the United Kingdom. During the French Administration of the former Southern Military Territory, Fezzan-Ghadames had a red flag with a crescent and star, very similar to the flag of Turkey. During World War II, Italian Libya was occupied by France and the United Kingdom. The Cyrenaica Emirate was declared in British-occupied Cyrenaica in 1949 with the backing of the British authorities. The "Emir of Cyrenaica", Idris of Libya, kept the emirate's flag which derives from flag of Turkey (a white crescent and star on a black background) as his personal flag after he became king of Libya in 1951. Following the coup d'état of 1969, the flag was replaced by the Pan-Arab red-white-black tricolour of the Arab Liberation Flag, first flown after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 (which also formed the basis of the flags of Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen). In 1972 when Libya joined the Federation of Arab Republics its flag was adopted by the country, linking it to Egypt and Syria. It featured a | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
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