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World War II, Italian Libya was occupied by France and the United Kingdom. The Cyrenaica Emirate was declared in British-occupied Cyrenaica in 1949 with the backing of the British authorities. The "Emir of Cyrenaica", Idris of Libya, kept the emirate's flag which derives from flag of Turkey (a white crescent and star on a black background) as his personal flag after he became king of Libya in 1951. Following the coup d'état of 1969, the flag was replaced by the Pan-Arab red-white-black tricolour of the Arab Liberation Flag, first flown after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 (which also formed the basis of the flags of Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen). In 1972 when Libya joined the Federation of Arab Republics its flag was adopted by the country, linking it to Egypt and Syria. It featured a golden hawk (the "Hawk of Qureish"), holding a scroll with the Arabic name of the Federation. The flag of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was adopted on 11 November 1977 and consisted of a green field. It was the only national flag in the world with just one colour and no design, insignia, or other details. It was chosen by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi to symbolise his political philosophy (after his "Green Book"). The green colour traditionally symbolises Islam, reflecting the historical green banners of the Fatimid Caliphate. In Libya, green was also a colour traditionally used to represent the Tripolitania region. Flag of Libya The flag of Libya was originally introduced in 1951, following the creation of the Kingdom of Libya. It was designed by Omar Faiek Shennib and approved by King Idris Al Senussi who comprised the UN delegation representing the regions of Cyrenaica, Fezzan and Tripolitania at UN unification discussions. The flag | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Joseph J. Ross Joseph J. Ross (December 1842 - October 24, 1899) served as the 14th Vice President of Liberia from 1898 to 1899. He also served as Attorney General of Liberia under three separate administrations and was thrice-elected to the Senate of Liberia as a senator from Sinoe County, serving as President pro tempore of the Senate from 1892 to 1896. Born in Augusta, Georgia, his mother died while he was in infancy. He emigrated to Liberia when he was eight years old in 1839 with his grandmother on the ship "Huma" . He settled in Sinoe County and later apprenticed to C. L. Parsons, who later served as Chief Justice of Liberia. After serving in the Liberian militia, Ross became an attorney under future Chief Justice Zacharia B. Roberts. Ross unsuccessfully ran for the House of Representatives in Sinoe County during the 1869 elections, and was later appointed to a judgeship. In 1875, he was appointed Superintendent of Sinoe County, and was elected as a senator from Sinoe in 1878. From 1882 to 1884, he served as Attorney General in the cabinet of Presidents Anthony W. Gardiner and Alfred Francis Russell, and was reelected as senator from Sinoe County in the 1883 elections. He again served as Attorney General in the cabinet of President Hilary R. W. Johnson from 1888 to 1892. In the 1891 elections, he was elected for a third time as a senator from Sinoe County, serving as the President pro temp of the Senate. Ross was elected as vice president in the 1897 elections, serving under President William D. Coleman. He was reelected in 1899 and died in 1899. His son, Samuel Alfred Ross, later also became Vice President of Liberia. Joseph J. Ross Joseph J. Ross (December 1842 - October 24, 1899) served | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Ila-kabkabu The Amorite name Ila-kabkabu appears twice in the Assyrian King List: Arising from the two appearances of the name "Ila-kabkabu" within two different places of the Assyrian King List, the “kings whose fathers are known” section has often, although not universally been considered a list of Šamši-Adad I's ancestors. In keeping with this assumption, scholars have inferred that the original form of the Assyrian King List had been written among other things as an, “attempt to justify that Šamši-Adad I was a legitimate ruler of the city-state Aššur and to obscure his non-Assyrian antecedents by incorporating his ancestors into a native Assyrian genealogy.” According to this interpretation, both instances of the name would refer to the same man, Šamši-Adad I's father, whose line would have been interpolated into the list. However, the name might also refer to two distinct, though possibly related, individuals. Ila-kabkabu The Amorite name Ila-kabkabu appears twice in the Assyrian King List: Arising from the two appearances of the name "Ila-kabkabu" within two different places of the Assyrian King List, the “kings whose fathers are known” section has often, although not universally been considered a list of Šamši-Adad I's ancestors. In keeping with this assumption, scholars | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Teijo National Park Teijo National Park (, ) is a national park in Southwest Finland, Finland in the Perniö area of Salo municipality. The park was established on January 1, 2015 and covers an area of . It is maintained by Metsähallitus. In the National Park, there is one eutrophic fen, which is a type of mire that has almost disappeared in southern Finland. The forests are mainly young managed pine forests. The park is also home for several species of freshwater fish, nesting birds including goose, cranes, sandpipers and grouse; and mammals such as moose and deer. There are approximately of marked trails in the park, including of trails for physically disabled persons. Included in the national park are historical industrial areas, including a former iron works area in Kirjakkala. The iron works contain many log houses from the 1800s which have been renovated to their original state. Teijo National Park Teijo National Park (, ) is a national park in Southwest Finland, Finland in the Perniö area of Salo municipality. The park was established on January 1, 2015 and covers an area of . It is maintained by Metsähallitus. In the National Park, there is one eutrophic fen, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
1991 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22 The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Lyon with a prologue individual time trial on 6 July and Stage 12 occurred on 18 July with a mountainous stage from Pau. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 28 July. 18 July 1991 — Pau to Jaca (Spain), 19 July 1991 — Jaca (Spain) to Val-Louron, 20 July 1991 — Saint-Gaudens to Castres, 21 July 1991 — Albi to Alès, 22 July 1991 — Alès to Gap, 23 July 1991 — Gap to Alpe d'Huez, 24 July 1991 — Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Morzine, 25 July 1991 — Morzine to Aix-les-Bains, 26 July 1991 — Aix-les-Bains to Mâcon, 27 July 1991 — Lugny to Mâcon, (ITT) 28 July 1991 — Melun to Paris Champs-Élysées, 1991 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22 The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Lyon with a prologue individual time trial on 6 July and Stage 12 occurred on 18 July with a mountainous stage | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Summer with Monika Summer with Monika () is a 1953 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman, based on Per Anders Fogelström's 1951 novel of the same title. It was controversial abroad at the time of its first release for its frank depiction of nudity and, along with the film "One Summer of Happiness" from the year before, directed by Arne Mattsson, it helped to create the reputation of Sweden as a sexually liberated country. The film made a star of its lead actress, Harriet Andersson. Bergman had been intimately involved with Andersson at the time and conceived the film as a vehicle for her. The two of them would continue to work together, even after their romantic relationship had ended, in films like "Sawdust and Tinsel", "Smiles of a Summer Night", "Through a Glass Darkly", and "Cries and Whispers". The film's story begins in the bleak working-class milieu of Stockholm. Harry (Lars Ekborg) and Monika (Harriet Andersson) are both in dead end jobs when they meet. Harry is easygoing, while Monika is adventurous, but they fall in love. When Monika gets in trouble at home, Harry steals his father's boat, and he and Monika spend an idyllic summer in the Stockholm archipelago. When the end of the summer forces them to return home, it is clear that Monika is pregnant. Harry happily accepts responsibility and settles down with Monika and their child; he gets a real job and goes to night school to provide for his family. Monika, however, is unsatisfied with her role as homemaker. She yearns for excitement and adventure, a desire which finally leads her astray. Harry leaves town for work and comes home a day early to find his wife with another man. They get a divorce and Harry is left behind with custody of their daughter, June, to raise alone. Exploitation film presenter Kroger Babb purchased the US rights to the film in 1955. To increase excitement for the film, he edited it down to 62 minutes and emphasized the film's nudity. Renaming the film Monika, the Story of a Bad Girl, he provided a good deal of suggestive promotional material, including postcards featuring the nude Andersson. "Summer with Monika" has a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. "Summer with Monika" was the first Bergman film seen by Woody Allen: "The first Bergman I ever saw was that one because there was talk in the neighborhood that there was a nude scene. This was unheard of in any American film, that level of advancement. It’s so funny to think of it that way. I saw it, and it was a very, very interesting film apart from the utterly benign nude moment. A short time after that, I just happened to see "Sawdust and Tinsel". I had no idea it was done by Bergman — that is, the person who’d done "Summer with Monika" — and it was just a fabulous movie. I was riveted in my seat by it all. I thought to myself, 'Who is this guy?'” Summer with Monika Summer with Monika () is a 1953 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman, based on Per Anders Fogelström's 1951 novel of the same title. It was controversial abroad at the time of its first release for its frank depiction of nudity and, along with the film "One Summer of Happiness" from the year before, directed by Arne Mattsson, it helped to create the reputation of Sweden as a sexually liberated country. The film made a star of its lead actress, Harriet Andersson. Bergman had been intimately involved with Andersson at the time and conceived | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
1965 American Football League season The 1965 American Football League season was the sixth regular season of the American Football League. The season also saw a change of television address as the games moved from ABC to NBC. The season ended when the Buffalo Bills defeated the San Diego Chargers in the AFL Championship game. The next season, the AFL would join the NFL to form the AFL-NFL World Championship game, known today as the Super Bowl. The AFL had 8 teams, grouped into two divisions. Each team would play a home-and-away game against the other 7 teams in the league for a total of 14 games, and the best team in the Eastern Division would play against the best in the Western Division in a championship game. If there was tie in the standings, a playoff would be held to determine the division winner. There was little drama in either of the AFL's division races in 1965. The Bills led the Eastern Division from start to finish, ending five games ahead of the 5–8–1 Jets. In the Western Division, San Diego had three potential wins cancelled out when they were tied by Kansas City (10–10), Boston (13–13) and Buffalo (20–20), but their 9–2–3 finish (.818) was well ahead of Oakland's 8–5–1 record (.615). 1965 American Football League season The 1965 American Football League season was the sixth regular season of the American Football League. The season also saw a change of television address as the games moved from ABC to NBC. The season ended when the Buffalo Bills defeated the San Diego Chargers in the AFL Championship game. The next season, the AFL would join the NFL to form the AFL-NFL World Championship game, known today as the Super Bowl. The AFL had 8 teams, grouped into two divisions. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Adel Yzquierdo Adel Onofre Yzquierdo Rodríguez (born 12 June 1945) is a Cuban politician and engineer. Yzquierdo Rodríguez studied at the V.V. Kuybyshev Institute of Civil Engineering in Moscow. He has held several positions in the Council of Ministers: Minister of Economy and Planning from 2011 to 2014; First Vice-Minister of Economy and Planning from 26 September 2014 to 9 September 2015; and Minister of Transport from 9 September 2015 to date. Yzquierdo was appointed Vice-President of the Council of Ministers on 20 February 2012. On 18 April 2019, he was elected to the National Assembly of People's Power, representing the municipality of Playa in Havana. Adel Yzquierdo Adel Onofre Yzquierdo Rodríguez (born 12 June 1945) is a Cuban politician and engineer. Yzquierdo Rodríguez studied at the V.V. Kuybyshev Institute of Civil Engineering in Moscow. He has held several positions in the Council of Ministers: Minister of Economy and Planning from 2011 to 2014; First Vice-Minister of Economy and Planning from 26 September 2014 to 9 September 2015; and Minister of Transport from 9 September 2015 to date. Yzquierdo was appointed Vice-President of the Council of Ministers on 20 February 2012. On 18 April 2019, he was elected to the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
American Wrestler: The Wizard American Wrestler: The Wizard is a 2016 American sports biographical film directed by Alex Ranarivelo. The film centers around the world of competitive high school wrestling and stars George Kosturos as Ali Jahani, a 17 year old who escapes Iran in the 1980s after the Iran hostage crisis and must adjust to life in a small California town only to face more hostility in America due to the hostage crisis. Wanting to fit in, Ali joins the school's wrestling team and becomes the squad's star member. Ali faces a mountain of adversity everywhere he turns, but through determination and with a chance to change how others see him, Ali must step up and learn to be a hero against all odds. William Fichtner, Jon Voight, Ali Afshar, Gabriel Basso, Kevin G. Schmidt and Lia Marie Johnson also star in supporting roles. The idea for American Wrestler: The Wizard is heavily transpired by producer Ali Afshar who took up wrestling in his high school after fleeing from his home country of Iran due to the political outrage in the 1970s. Speaking on his take of biographical films, Ali stated that he wanted to show that any tough situation can have a positive impact no matter what the outcome. He wanted to emphasise the demeanour of how one's loss can actually be turned into a win. Majority of the filming took place in Petaluma, California, with scenes being shot at Casa Grande High School(which was renamed to East Petaluma High School for the film). Some scenes were also shot in Santa Rosa mainly in the Sonoma County area. Jamie Christopherson who previously worked on and composed the film's score. Christopherson used a blend of traditional orchestra and synths and worked with Iranian musicians. He also co-composed the film's theme song titled Rise with Armenian-Iranian Andy featuring American singer Shani Rigsbee. The film premiered at the Newport Beach Film Festival on April 23, 2016 and had a limited theatrical run starting May 3, 2017. The sequel titled “American Wrestler: The Fighter” was announced by producers Forrest Lucas and Ali Afshar. Principal photography began in North Carolina in June 2017. George Kosturos returns to star with Tommy Flanagan, Bryan Craig, Sean Patrick Flanery and Parviz Sayyad joining as new cast members. American Wrestler: The Wizard American Wrestler: The Wizard is a 2016 American sports biographical film directed by Alex Ranarivelo. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Lee F. Gunn Lee F. Gunn (born in Michigan) is a retired Vice Admiral and former Naval Inspector General of the United States Department of the Navy. Gunn earned a Bachelor’s degree in Experimental and Physiological Psychology from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Master of Science degree in Operations Research from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Commissioned into the United States Navy from the Naval Reserve Officer Training Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, Gunn served as a junior officer in the cruiser-destroyer force and rose to command the anti-submarine warfare tactical, test, and evaluation destroyer squadron. He later commanded Amphibious Group Three (PHIBGRU THREE), consisting of nineteen ships, twelve other, separate commands, and 16,000 sailors and marines. As commander of this force, he also served as the Commander, Combined Naval Forces, and Deputy Task Force Commander of Operation United Shield, the final withdrawal of United Nations peacekeeping forces from Somalia in February and March 1995. Admiral Gunn served in eight assignments in the areas of manpower, personnel and training. During his last manpower assignment as Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel, and Commander, Navy Personnel Command, he played a key role in redesigning the Navy’s manpower and personnel establishment and he orchestrated the transfer of the Navy’s Personnel Command from Arlington, Virginia to Millington, Tennessee. Appointed Naval Inspector General in July 1997, Vice Admiral Gunn instituted the Navy’s Operational Cost Management training and evaluation program, and reconfigured Navy’s major command management inspection process to teach and evaluate cost management. He retired from active service in August 2000. Immediately after retirement, the Chief of Naval Operations appointed Gunn to lead an executive review of naval training, a nine-month review conducted by a senior team of experts. Gunn has also served as board member of the American Small Business Coalition from 2004 to 2008. President of the American Security Project, a bi-partisan national security think tank in Washington, DC; Chairman of the Board of Advisors to the Presidents of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA and the Naval War College in Newport, RI; an advisor to the Global Perspectives Initiative at the University of Central Florida: and a member and Executive Board member of the Surface Navy Association, the professional association of more than 7,000 surface warriors and supporters in the United States Navy. He served as National President of the Surface Navy Association from 2001-2006. Importantly, Gunn joined the CNA Corporation in Alexandria, Virginia in October 2001 and, from 2003 until his retirement in 2015 served as President of CNA's Institute for Public Research (IPR). IPR meets the research and analysis needs of those who address domestic policy issues in the areas of: air traffic management; education; health research and policy; organizational learning and effectiveness; safety and security; justice; energy, water, and climate; and other domestic issues. Gunn has been a member of CNA's Military Advisory Board (retired Admirals and Generals) researching issues in national security since 2009 and has been the Vice Chairman of CNA's MAB since 2012. Gunn's awards and decorations include: "This article includes public domain text produced by the United States Navy." Lee F. Gunn Lee F. Gunn (born in Michigan) is a retired Vice Admiral and former Naval Inspector General of the United States Department of the Navy. Gunn earned a Bachelor’s degree in Experimental and Physiological Psychology from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Master of Science degree in Operations Research from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Commissioned into the United States Navy from the Naval Reserve Officer Training Program at the University | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Caeciri Caeciri was a Roman–Berber "civitas" (town) and ancient diocese in Africa Proconsularis. Its exact location is unknown, though it must have been in the Sahel, Tunisia region south of Algiers in modern Algeria. Caeciri must have been of some size as it was the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric, which survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Only one bishop is known from antiquity, Quobolo, who took part in the Council of Carthage (646). The current bishop of Caeciri is Antonio Arcari, who succeeded Miklós Beer. Other bishops include José Domínguez Rodríguez of Cuba and Eduardo Francisca Pironio. Caeciri Caeciri was a Roman–Berber "civitas" (town) and ancient diocese in Africa Proconsularis. Its exact location is unknown, though it must have been in the Sahel, Tunisia region south of Algiers in modern Algeria. Caeciri must have been of some size as it was the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric, which survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Only one bishop is known from antiquity, Quobolo, who took part in the Council of Carthage (646). The current bishop of Caeciri is Antonio Arcari, who succeeded Miklós Beer. Other bishops include José | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Tui Cakau The Tui Cakau is the Paramount Chief of Cakaudrove Province in Fiji. In Modern Fiji this chiefly title is regarded as the most senior in the Tovata Confederacy, and the third most senior in the country. The current "Tui Cakau" is Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu; he was installed on 8 May 2001 in succession to his father, Ratu Glanville Lalabalavu, who died in 1999. In April 2002, the courts dismissed a challenge from a rival claimant, Ratu Epeli Ganilau. Perhaps the best-known "Tui Cakau" in modern times was Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, who held the title from 1988 to 1993. He was Fiji's last Governor-General and first President. The present "Tui Cakau," Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu, led a political party, the Conservative Alliance (CAMV) and was a Minister in the government of Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase from 2000 to 2005, when he was convicted of involvement in the coup d'état that deposed the elected government in 2000. On 3 April he became the first-ever Cabinet Minister to be imprisoned while in office, and resigned from the Cabinet four days later. He was released on 14 April, to serve the remainder of his eight-month sentence extramurally. He is the highest-ranked chief in modern times to have been imprisoned. Following his release, Lalabalavu was reinstated as a Cabinet Minister. The CAMV merged with Prime Minister Qarase's Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) ahead of the 2006 elections, and Lalabalavu remained in both Parliament and the Cabinet until a military coup deposed the government on 5 December 2006. He returned to Parliament at the 2014 elections as a candidate of the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SDLP), the successor to the SDL. The "Tui Cakau" ruled what was effectively an independent state until 1865, when Cakaudrove joined the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti under the chairmanship of Seru Epenisa Cakobau, the Vunivalu of Bau. This lasted only until 1867, when the Confederacy was split into two units, the Kingdom of Bau (ruled by Cakobau) and the Confederation of Lau (consisting of the present-day provinces of Cakaudrove, Bua, and Lau). The then "Tui Cakau", Ratu Goleanavanua, became the first "Captain Supreme" of the Confederation of Lau; he was succeeded two years later by Enele Ma'afu, who reigned until the Confederation of Lau joined the united Kingdom of Viti in 1871. Tui Cakau The Tui Cakau is the Paramount Chief of Cakaudrove Province in Fiji. In | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Soden v British and Commonwealth Holdings plc Soden v British and Commonwealth Holdings plc [1998] AC 298 is a UK insolvency law case, decided in the House of Lords. It decided that damages for negligent misrepresentation inducing purchase of company shares are not "sums due" to shareholders for the purpose of the Insolvency Act 1986, s 74(2)(f), so that a claim for such damages is not subordinated to claims from other creditors. British and Commonwealth Holdings plc ("BCH") bought all the shares in Atlantic Computers plc ("AC") for £434m in 1988. Both went into administration. BCH brought an action against AC for negligent misrepresentation, which induced BCH to buy shares, and also against its advisors in the acquisition Barclays de Zoete Wedd Ltd. ("BZW") started proceedings against AC for contribution. AC's administrator appealed against a Court of Appeal ruling, arguing that neither BZW's, nor BCH's claim would be subordinated to the claims of other creditors under s 74(2)(f) IA 1986. The House of Lords (Lord Browne-Wilkinson, Lloyd, Steyn, Hoffmann and Hope) dismissed the appeal. Sums due to a "member of the company (in his character as a member)" within s 74(2)(f) only extended to sums recoverable in actions based on the statutory contract between the members and the company under the Companies Act 1985 s 14(1) and did not include the type of damages sought by BCH. Lord Browne-Wilkinson gave the lead judgment. Soden v British and Commonwealth Holdings plc Soden v British and Commonwealth Holdings plc [1998] AC 298 is a UK insolvency law case, decided in the House of Lords. It decided that damages for negligent misrepresentation inducing purchase of company shares are not "sums due" to shareholders for the purpose of the Insolvency Act 1986, s 74(2)(f), so that a claim for such damages is not subordinated | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
.mobi The domain name mobi is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Its name is derived from the adjective "mobile", indicating it is used by mobile devices for accessing Internet resources via the Mobile Web. The domain was approved by ICANN on 11 July 2005, and is managed by the mTLD global registry. It was originally financially backed and sponsored by Google, Microsoft, Nokia, Samsung, Ericsson, Vodafone, T-Mobile, Telefónica Móviles, Telecom Italia Mobile, Orascom Telecom, GSM Association, Hutchison Whampoa, Syniverse Technologies, and Visa, with an executive from each company serving on mTLD's board of directors. In February 2010, Afilias acquired mTLD Top-Level Domain Ltd. (known publicly as "dotMobi"). DotMobi domain names have been available for registration by the public since 26 September 2006. dotMobi engaged with the W3C Mobile Web Initiative (MWI) to help formulate the MWI Best Practices for mobile content. The practices outlined a number of ways to achieve good user experiences on mobile Web-enabled devices, and recognized several methods of implementing these practices. mTLD has released a free testing tool called Ready.mobi (see mobiForge) to analyze the mobile readiness of websites. It does a free page analysis and gives a .mobi Ready score from 1 to 5. This report tests the mobile-readiness of the site using dotMobi's recommended best practices. dotMobi does not itself mandate any particular technology, but does require that .mobi sites produce user experiences consistent with their guidelines and specifically optimized for mobile phones. The domain has been the target of criticism due to allegedly breaking the principles of device independence. Providing content tailored to particular devices can be done by other means than a specific TLD, such as using hostnames within an existing domain, HTTP content negotiation, cascading style sheets, or other forms of adaptation. There are technical solutions that provide similar benefits as : compressing/downsampling proxy servers and microbrowsers, like Opera Mobile, which can tailor any website to small display (using Small Screen Rendering technique). However, these browsers must still download an entire page (with graphics and other related files) which, if not optimized for mobile phones, can be time-consuming and expensive to download. To improve the latter issue, the two adaptation techniques can be used together. This is the idea behind proxy-based microbrowsers like Opera Mini that download the optimized and compressed version of web pages through dedicated proxy servers. However, web pages viewed on a mobile via a proxy-based microbrowser are rarely specifically designed for a mobile phone, so it is left up to the proxy server and browser to decide what to compress, what to display, and how to display it, which, unlike the .mobi version of the site, may not necessarily be how the web page owner intends for the mobile audience. There are also specialized content adaptation solutions, that typically operate on a server, where they employ specialized adaptation techniques to provide optimized representations of Web sites to mobile devices regardless of what browser they use. However, .mobi replaces the intermediary step with the specific adaptation of content for viewing on a mobile phone. The W3C is also developing new authoring languages, such as DIAL (the Device Independent Authoring Language), which aid authors in creating Web sites that can be used on the huge variety of mobile devices available today. Some adaptation solutions already support the use of DIAL and similar languages in creating sites that can be used with .mobi domain names. Other open source initiatives include WURFL which addresses the problem with a large database of browser identification strings. All sites must be optimized for viewing on a mobile phone, providing the major advantage of the domain, from the users' perspective, of compatible content. Websites may be optimized for the special capabilities and restrictions of mobile devices, such as smaller screens, device form/size, device input/output options, existence of embedded sensors (acceleration, location, touch, etc.), as well as human factors such as expectations of immediacy of results, context awareness under a shortened attention span (compared to non-mobile device use of the Internet). Although other top-level domains can technically employ the same optimizations for mobile phones, in practice, only a fraction of them do, thus necessitating content adaptation solutions. These retrofit the content to target devices independent from the original process of creating the site. On the other hand, dotMobi promotes creating two separate device-dependent World Wide Webs, one desktop-based and the other mobile-based, and thus risks producing redundant content. From a content provider perspective, having to maintain two separate websites also represents more work. Tim Berners-Lee of the World Wide Web Consortium, claims that dotMobi breaks the device independence of the web: Critics pointed out that "mobi" is an unfortunate choice for mobile phone text entry interfaces, requiring nine or ten keystrokes in many common setups, compared to seven for "com", or what could have only been three if "wap" was used. Currently, much web development is changing to a mobile first, responsive design methodology, reducing the need for separate mobile sites and weakening the market for .mobi domain names. mTLD has compiled a list of approximately 5,700 commonly used words and phrases that have been set aside for equitable allocation other than in the traditional first-come, first-served system. This was designed to 1) create a more level playing field in the allocation of these names, 2) increase the likelihood that these domain names will more promptly provide the mobile community with new features and services, and 3) preserve the stability and security of registry operations. mTLD will be allocating these premium names via auction and Request for Proposal (RFP) processes on a quarterly basis through 2008. The process was approved by ICANN with input from mTLD's Policy Advisory Board and WIPO. Disputes that arise over .mobi domain names can be filed and administered by the National Arbitration Forum. Disputes are decided by one of 147 experts on the National Arbitration Forum's intellectual property panel. On 13 September 2007, dotMobi announced the auction of 100 premium .mobi domains via Sedo to commemorate their 1-year anniversary since public launch. dotMobi has sold hundreds of domain names through the auction process, but it has not been without controversy. In one auction, a dotMobi website sold for $616,000. The auction was voided due to technical problems at Sedo. Also, none of the top 25 most expensive domains sold at the first auction met their compliance deadlines to have active web sites. In connection with the roll-out of the .mobi top level domain, dotMobi has reserved names as per its contract with ICANN. These terms include dotMobi terms, other TLDs, emergency numbers and geographic names. The first geographic .mobi domain to be released was Helsinki.mobi A dozen of domain name sales in the TLD have fetched prices in the hundred-thousand-dollar range, including Music.mobi, Games.mobi, Flowers.mobi, Poker.mobi, Ringtones.mobi, Casino.mobi, Sportsbook.mobi, News.mobi, Porn.mobi, Hosting.mobi, Sports.mobi, and Fun.mobi. Thousands of .mobi domain names changed hands publicly since its inception. .mobi The domain name mobi is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Its name is derived from the adjective "mobile", indicating it is used by mobile devices for accessing Internet resources via the Mobile Web. The domain was approved by ICANN on | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Coca-Cola Cherry Coca-Cola Cherry (originally marketed as and still widely referred to as Cherry Coke) is a cherry-flavored version of Coca-Cola. It is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company and its bottlers in the United States and some international markets. Long before its official introduction in stores in 1985, many diners and drugstore soda fountains dispensed an unofficial version by adding cherry-flavored syrup to Coca-Cola. The Coca-Cola Company first began testing its official Cherry flavored version of Coke along with other flavors on audiences visiting the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee. Cherry Coke then entered mainstream production during the summer of 1985. Cherry Coke, which by 2007 had been renamed Coca-Cola Cherry in the U.S. and some other countries, was the third variation of Coca-Cola at that time – the others being regular Coca-Cola and Diet Coke – and the first flavored Coke. It was released nationally around the same time as the controversial reformulation of Coca-Cola, (New Coke), and gained significant market share when that product was widely discontinued in the early 1990s. Diet Cherry Coke was introduced in 1986, and renamed "Diet Coke Cherry" in 2005 and again to "Diet Coke Feisty Cherry" in 2018. A second low-calorie version, Coca-Cola Cherry Zero (based on Coca-Cola Zero), was added in 2007. The Coca-Cola Company would later introduce other flavored Coke variants, beginning with Vanilla Coke in May 2002, later followed by lime, raspberry, lemon, Black Cherry Vanilla and orange variants. Many of these are currently only sold in overseas markets and/or are microdispensed through Coca-Cola's Freestyle vending machines. Coca-Cola Cherry has been distributed in a number of different countries. Currently, in addition to the U.S., the drink is available in Albania, China, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Finland, Germany, Belgium (only in cans and 1-litre bottles), Denmark, France, Hungary, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Croatia, Latvia, South Africa, South Korea, Bulgaria, Greece (only in cans), Romania and Peru. It is also available in Japan, where it is still known as Cherry Coke. Until recently it was available in Ireland only through British pharmaceutical chains such as Boots and Superdrug, however it returned officially to the country in 2014. In New Zealand, Coca-Cola Cherry can be found in some supermarkets (usually imported from the UK or US). In the past, the product has been distributed in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, and Israel. The Australian version was released between 2003 and 2004 and was a different formula to the US version. It is no longer bottled in these countries, although the U.S. product is imported by some Canadian convenience stores near the Canada–US border, as well as by IGA, Costco and specialty retailers in Australia. It was reintroduced in all Canadian grocery stores in 2016. In Sweden it is available at different grocery stores. The grocery stores source import from the United States and the self-produced Coca-Cola Cherry from Coca-Cola enterprises Sweden. In Norway, Coca-Cola Cherry is available at select stores. Since January 2011, Coca-Cola Cherry is also available in Switzerland, where it is distributed by Coop. Since July 2013 Coca-Cola Cherry is available in Croatia, Romania and Spain. It returned to Canada by the 2013, 2014, and 2015 holiday season in cases of 24 cans at Costco stores for the two former, and general retail in the latter. It featured the same flavour and formula as the United States flavour, with a slightly edited, bilingual version of that country's can design. In 2014, it was featured as one of the last major attempts by Target Canada in Ontario to gain market share before announcing its closing in January of the following year. It has been mentioned by Target Canada itself that Cherry Coke was the number one requested grocery request by shoppers. As of July 2014 Coca-Cola Cherry is available in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia (due to same label for the three countries). The label is same as regular coke but with different cherry color and cherry word below Coca-cola with an image of Cherry to the left of the word "cherry". Later in late 2014, it was introduced in Uruguay (only in cans). By the end of 2014, it was gone from the Lithuanian market, and maybe the whole Baltic region. Coca-Cola Cherry returned to Canada once again in the summer of 2015 and 2016 as part of the "Share a Coke" campaign. Cherry Coke, in flats of 24 cans, have recently been available at Safeway, Sobeys, and Loblaws-owned stores across Canada with markings indicating production at the Brampton, Ontario bottling facility. Coca-Cola Cherry returned to Brazil during the 2016 Summer Olympics. Originally available in certain markets in the country, availability of soft drink has expanded to other regions, while Cherry Coke has been relaunched, Vanilla Coke has also been launched. Packaging for Coca-Cola Cherry differs greatly from country to country. Coca-Cola has altered the label designs for Coca-Cola Cherry several times since it was introduced in 1985. In most areas, the current can and bottle label designs are based on the standard Coca-Cola label in a pink or purple hue, often with images of cherries. On February 7, 2007, Coca-Cola launched a new campaign for the Coca-Cola Cherry brand in the U.S., resulting in a significant redesign of the product's label. Jay-Z was chosen to be the spokesman and played a part in designing the new can graphics. A new diet version, Coca-Cola Cherry Zero, was also introduced, although the original Diet Coke Cherry will remain available in 12-packs. These designs remained in place until early 2011, when a cleaner design (closer to the label designs used overseas) was introduced. Coca-Cola Cherry Coca-Cola Cherry (originally marketed as and still widely referred to as Cherry Coke) is a cherry-flavored version of Coca-Cola. It is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company and its bottlers in the United States and some international markets. Long before its official introduction in stores in 1985, many diners and | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Samuel Stanier Sir Samuel Stanier (1649-28 August 1724) of Wanstead, Essex was a London merchant who became Lord Mayor of London in 1713 Stanier was the eldest son of James Stanier of St. Mary Axe, London and his wife Thomasine Meade. His father was a merchant, trading with Italy who died in 1666. In 1673, Stanier inherited from his uncle, Robert Stanier, houses and lands in Bethnall Green and lands in the parish of Hackney. Stanier became a merchant of Bishopsgate and was a member of the Drapers Company. He was a common councillor for Aldgate from 1698 to 1705; and was elected an Alderman of Aldgate on 27 September 1705. He was Sheriff of London from 1705 to 1706 and was knighted on 18 December 1705. He was also Master of the Drapers Company for the year 1705 to 1706. From 1707 to 1710 he was Colonel of the Red Regiment of the City Militia. He stood for Parliament for City of London at the 1708 general election but was unsuccessful. In 1713 he became Lord Mayor of London. Subsequently, he was Colonel of the Red Regiment for the rest of his life. Stanier died on 28 August 1724. Samuel Stanier Sir Samuel Stanier (1649-28 August 1724) of Wanstead, Essex was a London merchant who became Lord Mayor of London in 1713 Stanier was the eldest son of James Stanier of St. Mary Axe, London and his wife Thomasine Meade. His father was a merchant, trading with Italy who died in 1666. In 1673, Stanier inherited from his uncle, Robert Stanier, houses and lands in Bethnall Green and lands in the parish of Hackney. Stanier became a merchant of Bishopsgate and was a member of the Drapers Company. He was a common councillor for Aldgate from 1698 to 1705; | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Greatest Hits (Paula Abdul album) Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American singer Paula Abdul. Released in 2000, it contains Paula's six #1s and other singles, with the exception of the top 20 single "Will You Marry Me", which was released in 1992 and reached #19 on the Billboard charts. It does, however include "Crazy Love" which was previously only available on the Japanese version of "Head over Heels" and not available in the US. This compilation also contains a previously unreleased Megamix Medley. The album was released on September 26, 2000. It did not chart in the U.S but reached the top 400 albums in Australia. As of January 2006, the album has sold 138,000 copies in the United States. Greatest Hits (Paula Abdul album) Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American singer Paula Abdul. Released in 2000, it contains Paula's six #1s and other singles, with the exception of the top 20 single "Will You Marry Me", which was released in 1992 and reached #19 on the Billboard charts. It does, however include "Crazy Love" which was previously only available on the Japanese version of "Head over Heels" and not available in the US. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Arizona State Route 389 State Route 389, also known as SR 389, is a state highway in far northern Arizona serving the Arizona Strip. SR 389 stretches from the Utah border at Colorado City, southeast to Pipe Spring National Monument, and ends at U.S. Route 89A in Fredonia; it is the only major east–west route between these two towns, and also serves to connect Fredonia with points farther west such as St. George, Utah. SR 389 is a highway located in the Arizona Strip that connects the two cities of Colorado City and Fredonia. The western terminus of the highway is located at the Utah border in Colorado City where the highway continues into Utah as State Route 59. SR 389 heads southeast from the border intersecting several county routes along its routing. The highway takes a more easterly course as it enters the Kaibab Indian Reservation. Within the reservation, the highway passes near the Pipe Spring National Monument. Once it passes the monument, the highway begins to head towards the northeast towards Fredonia. It leaves the Kaibab Indian Reservation and enters the city of Fredonia before reaching its eastern terminus at US 89A. SR 389 was established in 1959 along its current route. Arizona State Route 389 State Route 389, also known as SR 389, is a state highway in far northern Arizona serving the Arizona Strip. SR 389 stretches from the Utah border at Colorado City, southeast to Pipe Spring National Monument, and ends at U.S. Route 89A in Fredonia; it is the only major east–west route between these two towns, and also serves to connect Fredonia with points farther west such as St. George, Utah. SR 389 is a highway located in the Arizona Strip that connects the two cities of Colorado City and Fredonia. The western | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Cotulla, Texas Cotulla ( ) is a city in and the county seat of La Salle County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,614 at the 2000 census. The whole of La Salle County had 6,886 persons in the 2010 census. In June 2014, Cotulla "self-declared" its population at 7,000, based on utility connections alone. Polish immigrant Joseph Cotulla, who was reared in Silesia, then a part of Prussia, migrated to the United States in the 1850s. He joined the Union Army in Brownsville, Texas. He lived in Atascosa County but arrived in La Salle County in 1868 to establish what became a large ranching operation. After learning that the International-Great Northern Railroad intended to lay tracks in La Salle County, he worked to establish the town which bears his name. In 1881, Cotulla donated 120 acres of his land to the railroad, and in 1882, a depot was constructed there. In 1883, the town was granted a post office. The same year, Cotulla became the county seat by special election. Joseph Cotulla's great-grandson, William Lawrence Cotulla (born c. 1936), a former storekeeper in Cotulla, is a rancher in La Salle, Dimmit, and Webb counties. In a 2013 interview with the "Laredo Morning Times", William Cotulla noted the community of his birth has changed completely in less than eighty years, having gone through several phases, beginning with emphasis on farming, then ranching, thereafter hunting leases, and now petroleum and natural gas through the Eagle Ford Shale boom. However, with declining gasoline prices, the Eagle Ford boom took a sharp downturn by the fall of 2015. On June 28, 2013, the Texas Historical Commission, the United States Department of the Interior, and the National Register of Historic Places designated downtown Cotulla as a significant part of Texas history with the unveiling of an historic marker. In 2006, Cotulla had been designated as a Texas Main Street community. City manager Lazaro "Larry" Dovalina (born 1947), who formerly held the same position in Laredo, compared the impact of the recent growth of Cotulla to the arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century. Cotulla is believed to have tripled in population since the 2010 census, with possibly 12,000 residents in 2013. With Eagle Ford Shale and many jobs in the oil and gas fields, Cotulla has seen the building of new hotels, restaurants, truck stops, and refineries. Many older buildings downtown are being updated and renovated for other kinds of use. Dovalina reported that the ad valorem property tax base in Cotulla has increased from $52 million in 2009 to $127 million in 2013. The growth has made affordable housing a premium in the community. In 1973, two railroad locomotives collided in Cotulla, and three people were killed as a result. In 2008, the area about Cotulla burned in a huge grass fire. With continuing growth from the Eagle Ford Shale deposit, Cotulla houses the largest sand fracking facility in North America. Cotulla falls within the second largest oil-producing region of the United States. The oil boom has increased sales tax collections in Cotulla from $445,000 in 2009 to more than $3 million in 2013. The city has sixteen hotels and seven others under construction. The hotel-motel tax of 7 percent is less than that in larger surrounding cities. Cotulla is seeking to attract Wal-Mart, H-E-B, and other companies once it can show that its growth is sustainable. Cotulla is located at (28.434144, -99.236343). This is 81 miles (147 km) Southwest of San Antonio, Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. The Nueces River flows through southern Cotulla in a southeastward direction to the Gulf of Mexico near Corpus Christi. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,614 people, 1,208 households, and 901 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,831.8 people per square mile (708.3/km²). There were 1,504 housing units at an average density of 762.3 per square mile (294.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.45% White, 0.64% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 12.67% from other races, and 2.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 83.56% of the population. There were 1,208 households out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.50. In the city, the population was spread out with 33.6% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $23,250, and the median income for a family was $25,951. Males had a median income of $21,199 versus $17,415 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,856. About 27.9% of families and 30.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.0% of those under age 18 and 28.1% of those age 65 or over. The La Salle County Courthouse in downtown Cotulla has undergone extensive renovation. The Brush Country Museum, with various local ranching memorabilia, is located in Cotulla. Cotulla has Roman Catholic, Southern Baptist, United Methodist, Presbyterian, and non-denominational churches. The Presbyterians and Baptists originally shared the Methodist facilities, which began in 1881. New Methodist buildings were constructed in 1906 and again in 1928. In 1883-1884, the Reverend W. D. Johnson organized a Baptist fellowship in Cotulla. After several years of meeting at the Methodist Church, the first Baptist building opened in 1889, with the minister John Van Epps Covey (1821–1898) preaching the first sermon in the new structure. The current church sanctuary on Main Street opened in 1948 under the leadership of the Reverend Jesse Cooke. The new First Baptist pastor in Cotulla as of 2013 is Loren G. Fast. Prevailing Word Church, located in a new sanctuary at 419 South Main, had co-pastors in 2009, L. Lynn Beams and Abram De La Garza. It has services at 3 p.m. Sundays, rather than the customary morning hours, and mid-week services on Thursday evenings, instead of Wednesday. Cotulla, Texas Cotulla ( | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Ip Ching Ip Ching (born 7 July 1936) is a Chinese martial artist. He is one of five still-living Grandmasters of the Ip Man (Yip Man) family of Wing Chun Kung Fu. Ip Ching (Ip Hok Ching Chinese 葉學正 )(born in Foshan, China in 1936) is the second eldest son of Ip Man. This was short lived as his father had to leave and travel to Hong Kong in search of a better life for his family. Yip Man taught from his home and today this is where Ip Ching resides. As well as learning Wing Chun at his father's home Ip Ching also was an avid observer of his father teaching other students. In turn gaining valuable insight on his father’s teaching methods. After Yip Man's death in 1972, Ip Ching continued teaching whilst running a manufacturing business. In 1994 he retired from his work and decided to open his doors to full-time, teaching Wing Chun, to Wing Chun Director Sifu Ron Heimburger, Garner Train, Eric Lee and across the globe. Students: Sifu Sam Hing Fai Chan, Garner Train, Eric Lee, Ron Heimberger - Director Ip Ching Ip Ching (born 7 July 1936) is a Chinese martial artist. He | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Bantu Philosophy Bantu Philosophy (La philosophie bantoue in French) is a 1945 book written by Placide Tempels which argues that the people of Sub-Saharan Africa (the use of the term "Bantu" as an ethnic label is now largely discredited) have a distinctive philosophy, and attempts to describe the underpinnings of that philosophy. In his book, Tempels argues that the African philosophical categories can be identified through the categories inherent to language. According to Tempels, the primary metaphysical category in the thought of Bantu-speaking societies is Force. That is, reality is dynamic, and being is force. Tempels argues that there are three possible views of the relationship between being and force. He argues that members of Bantu-speaking cultures hold the last view of force. Specifically: Tempels argues that as a result of this fundamental difference in categories, the African life of the mind is structured around understanding and defining Force, which contrasts sharply with the Western enterprise of understanding and defining Being. "Bantu Philosophy" has been criticized, primarily on the ground that conclusions are gross generalizations which seek to characterize the thought of an entire continent, which, it is argued, it is fundamentally impossible to do in any meaningful way. Bantu | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Houbigant Parfum Houbigant Parfum () is a perfume manufacturer founded in Paris, France in 1775 by Jean-François Houbigant of Grasse (1752–1807). The brand originally sold gloves, perfumes, and bridal bouquets. The original shop, called "A la Corbeille de Fleurs", was at 19, rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré. Over the centuries, the House of Houbigant became perfumer to the royal courts of Europe including Napoleon, Napoleon III, Alexander III of Russia, and Queen Victoria. Besides being a perfumer to royalty, the House of Houbigant has been a trailblazer in the creation of fragrances. In 1882, the House launched "Fougère Royale", a fragrance that revolutionized the world of perfumes and established modern perfumery. "Fougère Royale" was the first "fougère" (or 'fern-like') perfume ever created, establishing a new fragrance family which still remains today the most popular family in men's fragrances. During this period, under the direction of the Paris office, offices were established in the United States, England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Poland, Romania. The New York office had its own manufacturing facility to distribute Houbigant goods nationwide. Houbigant was also the first perfume house to discover how to isolate particular molecules from natural raw materials and more specifically the coumarin, which is isolated from the tonka bean. In 1912, the House introduced "Quelques Fleurs", the first true multi-floral bouquet ever created. Up to that time, floral fragrances had been mostly single flowers or were blended with herbs and other essences. "The Genealogy of Perfumes" cites "Quelques Fleurs" as an innovation that established a totally new fragrance classification and influenced other compositions for years afterwards including many of today’s important fragrances. Josephine, the future Empress of France, belonged to a group of stylish young men and women called "The Muscadins" because of their craze for musk which was Josephine’s favorite essence. Houbigant fragrances traveled in Napoleon’s campaign chest during the years when he was conquering Europe.. It was also the perfume of Oscar Wilde. An Houbigant legend, not verified, has it that when Marie Antoinette was fleeing to Varennes to escape the French revolution she was recognized as royalty because of her Houbigant perfume, which only royalty could afford. The Houbigant fragrances are now being manufactured under the original specifications by LOFT Fashion and Beauty Diffusion of Monaco and marketed in the United States by Exclusive Fragrances and Cosmetics. Houbigant Parfum Houbigant Parfum () is a perfume manufacturer founded in Paris, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Natalie Chung Natalie Chung (born 1962 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian news anchor and journalist for the Réseau de l'information (RDI) television network, a Canadian French language news channel owned by the Société Radio-Canada. She was anchor of RDI's weekend newscast "Aujourd'hui" and "Le Monde ce soir". Chung was born to a Korean father, Joseph Chung, a former university teacher, and a mother named Lucie Lépine, from the province of Quebec. Although born in Toronto, she grew up in Montreal, Quebec. In her early life, her difference becomes an issue as she was often reminded that she comes from elsewhere while she perceives herself as a Quebecer only. Noting the rising waves of a strong identity crisis, her father decided to take her teenage daughter for the first time to his country of origin. This will be the beginning of a salutary process that will allow her to tame her Korean origins over time. In 1985, she began her undergraduate studies in Korean literary program at the Seoul University in South Korea and attended Concordia University in Montreal. Natalie Chung Natalie Chung (born 1962 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian news anchor and journalist for the Réseau de l'information | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
William Andrew Chatto William Andrew Chatto (1799–1864) was an English writer. He used the pseudonym Stephen Oliver (Junior). The only son of William Chatto, a merchant who died at Gibraltar in 1804, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne on 17 April 1799. After education at a grammar school in the north, he went into business, and around 1830 acquired the firm of his cousin, a wholesale tea-dealer, in Eastcheap, London. In 1834 he gave up business to write. Also in this year, he acquired, probably from the Atkinson family, the Henry Atkinson manuscript, an important early source of violin music, dating from the 1690s, and written in or near Newcastle. He was editor in 1839–41 of the "New Sporting Magazine", and in 1844 projected a penny daily comic illustrated paper entitled: "Puck, a journalette of Fun". For this paper, which he edited himself, he secured the services of contributors including Tom Taylor, but it had only a brief existence. In 1839, Chatto was elected an honorary member of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-on-Tyne. He died in the London Charterhouse, 28 February 1864, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. His epitaph, by his lifelong friend, Tom Taylor, described him as a "true-hearted and upright man". His works include two as Stephen Oliver: This book is now a reprint from Kessinger Publishings Legacy Reprint Series. It is referred to many times by Richard Oliver Heslop in his "Northumberland Words; A glossary of words used in the County of Northumberland and on the Tyneside" (2 vols), first published 1893-4. Other books by Chatto, under his own name, include: By his wife, Margaret, daughter of Luke Birch of Cornhill, London, he had five sons, of whom the third, Andrew Chatto (1840–1913), became a member of the publishing firm of Messrs. Chatto & Windus, and three daughters. William Andrew Chatto William Andrew Chatto (1799–1864) was an English writer. He used the pseudonym Stephen Oliver (Junior). The only son of William Chatto, a merchant who died at Gibraltar in 1804, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne on 17 April 1799. After education at a grammar school in the north, he went into business, and around 1830 acquired the firm of his cousin, a wholesale tea-dealer, in Eastcheap, London. In 1834 he gave up business to write. Also in this year, he acquired, probably from the Atkinson family, the Henry Atkinson manuscript, an important early source of violin music, dating | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
French frigate Rhin (1802) Rhin was a 40-gun "Virginie"-class frigate of the French Navy launched in 1802. She was present at two major battles while in French service. The Royal Navy captured her in 1806. Thereafter "Rhin" served until 1815 capturing numerous vessels. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars she was laid up and then served as a hospital for many years. She was finally broken up in 1884. "Rhin" took part in the Battle of Cape Finisterre and in the Battle of Trafalgar. "Rhin" arrived at Plymouth on 8 August. She was repaired and fitted there from March through August 1809. The Royal Navy commissioned her in June 1809 as HMS "Rhin" under Captain Frederick Aylmer for the Channel. Captain Charles Malcolm replaced Aylmer in July 1809, and would remain her captain until "Rhin" paid off in 1815. On 16 November 1809, "Rhin" was in company with "Pheasant" when "Pheasant" recaptured the brig "Trust". On 22 March 1810 "Rhin" captured the French privateer "Navarrois". "Navarrois" was four days out of Bayonne, was armed with 16 guns and carried a crew of 132 men. On 27 September had been in pursuit of a French brig when "Rhin" joined the chase and after two and a half hours captured the quarry off the Lizard. The French vessel was the privateer "San Joseph", of Saint Malo, under the command of a Joseph Wittevronghel, a Dane. "San Joseph" was one year old, about 100 tons burthen (bm), and armed with 14 guns though she was pierced for 16. She had only been out one day when the British captured her and had taken nothing. had been in company with "Wolverine" at the time. On 9 October "Rhin" captured the French privateer brig "Comtesse de Montalivet", of Saint Malo. The capture followed a chase of two and a half hours and only ended when the brig lost her maintop-mast. "Comtesse de Montalivet" was pierced for 16 guns but only mounted 14. She had a crew of 57 men but only 40 were on board as 17 were in prize crews. She was a new vessel on her first cruise and had taken two prizes, one a Portuguese ship and the other an American brig. On 14 October "Rhin" recaptured the ship "Fama". "Fama", which had been sailing from Lisbon to London when she was captured, arrived in Plymouth on 18 October. On 2 February 1811 "Rhin" captured the French privateer brig "Brocanteur". On 5 April "Rhin" captured the schooner "Bonne Jeanette". Six days later "Rhin" captured the American ship "Projector". Almost two months later, on 27 May, "Rhin" was in company with the "Princess Charlotte when they captured the American ship "Fox". Then on 12 December "Rhin" captured the French chasse maree "Dorade". On 27 March 1812 "Rhin" captured the American brig "Eclipse". "Eclipse". off 300 tons, was armed with six guns and had a crew of 28 men. She had been sailing from Baltimore to Bordeaux when "Rhin" captured her, and arrived at Plymouth on 2 April. On 21 June "Rhin" and "Medusa" supported an attack by Spanish guerrillas on French forces Lequitio and the nearby island of San Nicholas. "Venerable" landed a gun whose fire enabled the guerrillas to capture the fort above the town. "Medusa" and "Rhin" landed a carronade each to support their marines and those from "Surveillante", who captured the island. Although the guerrillas suffered losses, British casualties were nil. On 24 June, landing parties from "Rhin" and "Medusa" destroyed fortified works at Plencia. On 8 November "Rhin" was in company with the sloop "Helicon" when they captured the French privateer "Courageuse". The capture took place off the Eddystone after a four-hour chase during which the privateer schooner threw overboard her 14 guns, her anchors and part of her provisions. "Courageuse" was of 90 tons and carried a crew of 70 men. On 5 January 1813 "Rhin", "Colossus" and the brig "Goldfinch" captured the American ship "Dolphin". A little over a month later, on 11 February, "Rhin" and "Colossus" captured the American ship "Print". On 24 February 1814, "Rhin" recaptured the "Robert". Then on 11 March "Rhin" captured the American letter of marque brig "Rattlesnake". A satisfying capture occurred on 5 June when "Rhin" sighted and gave chase to an American privateer schooner. After an eleven-hour chase "Rhin" captured the "Decatur" in the Mona Passage about four leagues from Cape Engaño. Her captain was Dominique Diron, who had also commanded "Decatur" when she had captured the schooner HMS "Dominica" in 1813. "Decatur" had sailed from Charleston on 30 March and had made no captures. On 27 June 1815 "Rhin" captured French transport No. 749, "Leon", and "Marie Joseph". Then on 19 July, "Rhin" was in company with , , , "Ferret" and when they captured the French vessels "Fortune", "Papillon", "Marie Graty", "Marie Victorine", "Cannoniere", and "Printemis". The attack took place at Corrijou (Koréjou, east of Abervrach on the coast of Brittany), and during the action "Ferret" was able to prevent the escape of a French man-of-war brig that she force ashore. Apparently, this cutting out expedition was the last of the war. "Rhin" underwent a large repair at Sheerness between May 1817 and August 1820. She was then laid up (roofed over). In 1822 "Rhin" was among the many vessels that had served on the north coast of Spain and the coast of France in the years 1812, 1813 and 1814 that received their respective proportions of the sum reserved to answer disputed claims from the Parliamentary grant for services during those years. From May to October 1838 she was fitted at Chatham as a lazaretto for Sheerness. The Admiralty lent "Rhin" to the Sub-committee for the Inspection of Shipping on the Thames as a smallpox hospital ship on 9 September 1871. She was sold to Charlton & Sons, Charlton on 26 May 1884 for £1,250. French frigate Rhin (1802) Rhin was a 40-gun "Virginie"-class frigate of the French Navy launched in 1802. She was present at | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Andrew Mango Andrew James Alexander Mango (14 June 1926 – 6 July 2014) was a British author who was born in Turkey as one of three sons of a prosperous Anglo-Russian family. He was the brother of the distinguished Oxford historian and Byzantinist Professor Cyril Mango. Mango's early years were passed in Istanbul; in the mid-1940s, he left for Ankara and obtained a job as a press officer in the British Embassy. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1947 and lived in London until his death. He held degrees from the University of London, including a doctorate on Persian literature. He joined the BBC's Turkish section while still a student and, spent his entire career in the External Services, rising to be Turkish Programme Organiser and then Head of the South European Service. He retired in 1986. Mango died at the age of 88 on 6 July 2014. His death was announced by Richard Moore, the British Ambassador to Turkey. Mango spent five years working on the biography of Atatürk, using Turkish printed sources though not archival material. It has been claimed that his biography of Kemal Atatürk constitutes the definitive account among many other works and "reveals the long suppressed darker aspects of its subject, showing us a far more complex personality than we had seen before." Andrew Mango Andrew James Alexander Mango (14 June 1926 – 6 July 2014) was a British author who was born in Turkey as one of three sons of a prosperous Anglo-Russian family. He was the brother of the distinguished Oxford historian and Byzantinist Professor Cyril Mango. Mango's early years were passed in Istanbul; in the mid-1940s, he left for Ankara and obtained a job as a press officer in the British Embassy. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1947 and | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Nerbudda Division The Nerbudda Division, named after the Narmada River (Nerbudda), was a former administrative division of the Central Provinces of British India. It encompassed a good part of the Narmada River basin in the eastern part of present-day Madhya Pradesh state of India. The Nerbudda Division had an area of 47,609.2 km² with a population of 1,785,008 in 1901. The Central Provinces became the Central Provinces and Berar in 1936 until the Independence of India. The main mountains in the division were the Mahadeo Hills, the central part of the Satpura Range, where Pachmarhi, the summer hill station for British officials, and the Pachmarhi Cantonment were located. The main towns in the division were Hoshangabad (15,863 inhabitants in 1881), Burhanpur (33,341 inhabitants in 1901) and Gadarwara (6,978 in 1901); other important towns were Khandwa, Harda, Narsinghpur, Chhindwara, Pandhurna, Sohagpur, Seoni and Mohgaon. The Nerbudda Division included the following districts: Makrai State was the only princely state within the division and was under the supervision of the Nerbudda commissioner. Nerbudda Division The Nerbudda Division, named after the Narmada River (Nerbudda), was a former administrative division of the Central Provinces of British India. It encompassed a good part of the Narmada | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Dmitry Lobkov Dmitry Vladimirovich Lobkov (; born 2 February 1981 in Murom) is a Russian speedskater who specialises in the shortest distances, with the 500 metres being his favourite. At the 2004 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships in Seoul he achieved the silver medal at this distance, only allowing Jeremy Wotherspoon to be faster. He became Russian Sprint Champion three times in a row, and was, because of his recently shown progress, a favourite to win an Olympic medal in the 500 metres distance at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. But in the summer of 2005, when his trainer Sergey Klevchenya organised a football-game, Lobkov got injured. His preparation for the Olympics was therefore too short. In his favourite 500 metres distance Lobkov ranked himself in fourteenth place. On 12 January 2007 in Kolomna, Lobkov improved his 2003 personal best of 34.51 seconds, set at the Olympic rink in Salt Lake City, down to a record level of 34.35. At the time, only the two Japanese skaters Joji Kato (34.30) and Hiroyasu Shimizu (34.32) had ever skated faster. At the 2007 World Sprint Championship in Vikingskipet, Hamar, Lobkov won bronze and silver medals at the two 500-m races, and was ranked fourth overall, after Lee Kyou-hyuk, Pekka Koskela and Shani Davis. Lobkov missed the overall bronze medal by the slim margin of 0.060 points. Dmitry Lobkov Dmitry Vladimirovich Lobkov (; born 2 February 1981 in Murom) is a Russian speedskater who specialises in the shortest distances, with the 500 metres being his favourite. At the 2004 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships in Seoul he achieved the silver medal at this distance, only allowing Jeremy Wotherspoon to be faster. He became Russian Sprint Champion three times in a row, and was, because of his recently shown progress, a | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Tag (barbershop music) A tag, in barbershop music, is a dramatic variation put in the last section of the song. Its rough analog in Classical music is a coda. Tags are characterized by heightening the dramatic tension of the song, frequently including a hanger, or sustained note against which the other singers carry the rhythm. In addition, good tags can be sung as short, stand-alone works. Tags may be soft and tender but are typically characterized by loud, "paint-peeling", ringing chords. According to the competition rules of the Barbershop Harmony Society, every song entered for a competition must have a tag. As noted above, Tags can be sung as short stand alone works; typically sung at informal Barbershop social settings. The following Tag teaching guidelines help foster successful Tag singing sessions. Tag Teaching Guidelines, Items 1 – 6 are critical for successful Tag Teaching. Promote Tag singing and to get more singers teaching Tags. Tag (barbershop music) A tag, in barbershop music, is a dramatic variation put in the last section of the song. Its rough analog in Classical music is a coda. Tags are characterized by heightening the dramatic tension of the song, frequently including a hanger, or sustained | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Bagrat III of Imereti Bagrat III () (1495-1565), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a King of Imereti from April 1, 1510, to 1565. He succeeded upon the death of his father, Alexander II, and faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as the conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy. In 1512, the Ottomans invaded Imereti through its southern neighbor Samtskhe and unexpectedly struck Bagrat’s capital Kutaisi. After the Ottoman army left Imereti, Bagrat launched a program of restoration, reorganized the church, and enforced a law condemning to death all who engaged in slave trading practiced by the Turks in conjunction with some Georgian nobles. In 1533, he persuaded Mamia I Gurieli of Guria and Mamia III Dadiani of Mingrelia to organize a combined and eventually disastrous expedition against the piratical North Caucasian tribe of Zichi which had come under the Turkish influence. Despite this setback, Bagrat now decided to deliver a blow to the Ottoman positions in southern Georgia. In 1535, he invaded the principality of Samtskhe, which was exploited by the Turks as a portal for their incursions into inner Georgian lands. At the Battle of Murjakheti near Akhalkalaki, Bagrat defeated and captured Qvarqvare III Jaqeli, prince-atabeg of Samtskhe, and annexed a bulk of his possessions to Imereti. At the request of Qvarqvare’s son Kaikhosro, the Ottoman army invaded Imereti, only to put to flight by Bagrat and his ally Rostom, prince of Guria. The prince of Mingrelia, Levan I Dadiani, however, defied Bagrat’s call to arms, and later sided with the Ottomans, even traveling to Istanbul, where he received gifts and assurances of protection. In 1545, Bagrat and his ally Luarsab I of Kartli suffered a bitter defeat at the Battle of Sokhoista in 1545. As a result, Samtskhe wrested of Bagrat’s control, and came under the Ottoman hegemony. In the following years, the principalities of Mingrelia and Guria also asserted their de facto independence from the crown of Imereti, further reducing the royal power. In 1555, in the Treaty of Amasya, the Ottoman and Persian empires divided Georgia, with Imereti falling into the Ottoman sphere of influence. Bagrat attempted to disrupt the Turco-Persian deal by pushing claims to the town of Surami which lay in the Persian zone in eastern Georgia. The move brought to nothing, however, and Bagrat was forced to pay tribute to the Ottomans. He died in 1565 and was succeeded by his son, George II. Bagrat was married to a certain woman named Elene who died in 1565. He had four sons and two daughters: Bagrat III of Imereti Bagrat III () (1495-1565), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a King of Imereti from April 1, 1510, to 1565. He succeeded upon the death of his father, Alexander II, and faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as the conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy. In 1512, the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Teckberg Teckberg is a mountain at "Landkreis Esslingen" in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with an elevation of 775 metres. Situated on top is castle Teck. The Teckberg jumps from Swabian Jura edge from about 3 km towards the north front and overlooks the Albvorland to 350 m, the Lauter (Neckar) valley to 400 m. He is flanked of the approximately 602 m high foothills Hörnle and Hohenbol north and northwest. Both Foothills include smokestacks of the Swabian volcano. North below the Hörnle is the glider area Teck (between Dettingen unter Teck and Bissingen an der Teck). The slope of the Teckberg formed by the Yellow Rock, a Schwammriff the Jura sea of bright lime. Under the "Gelber Fels", is the 31 m long and 45 m high Veronikahöhle, which is connected through columns with Verena-Beutlins-Loch. East of the Gelber Fels (Yellow Rock) three grave mounds indicate from the Hallstatt period (800-400 BC) the early settlement of the Teckberg. Under the castle Teck is the 35 m long and 9 m high fabled Sibyllenloch, on the other side the 22 m long Sibyllenhöhle. It was only in 1937 discovered during construction work and was explored in 1977. During excavations in Sibyllenloch 1898/99 over 2,000 skeletal remains of cave bear, cave lion, cave hyena and wild horse were found. So many conclusions about the glacial fauna could be drawn. With regulation of the Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart from 9 November 1999, the entire Teckberg with an area of 386.0 hectares was reported as nature reserve. It was managed to preserve and promote an unusually varied cultural landscape with wet and dry meadows, orchards, hedges, forest fringes, alleys, groves, solitary trees, rocks, caves, springs and rare natural forest communities. These habitats provide a quality habitat for a variety of partly endangered plant and animal species. In the versatile natural area botanists could show 464 different plant species. Teckberg Teckberg is a mountain at "Landkreis Esslingen" in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with an elevation of 775 metres. Situated on top is castle Teck. The Teckberg jumps from Swabian Jura edge from about 3 km towards the north front and overlooks the Albvorland to 350 m, the Lauter (Neckar) valley to 400 m. He is flanked of the approximately 602 m high foothills Hörnle and Hohenbol north and northwest. Both Foothills include smokestacks of the Swabian volcano. North below the Hörnle is the glider area Teck (between Dettingen unter Teck and | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Webroot Window Washer Webroot Window Washer was a tool designed to protect user's privacy by permanently deleting all traces of web browsing history and other personal information files on a computer running Microsoft Windows. Currently, no further versions are planned as the program is no longer being updated. Window Washer .95 was the first launch of the product and was originally designed to remove unwanted files that accumulate on a computer’s hard drive while surfing the internet. The areas of trace file removal include: Internet history, address bar, cache, cookies, recent documents list, recycle bin, ICQ history and any other temporary internet files stored on a computer after a web search. Window Washer has a total removal feature which completely erases everything found on the hard drive including the operating system. Beginning with the 1.0 version launch in mid-1998, a new process was added to the file deletion process known as “bleaching”. This file encryption process seeks out files with random characters in their names, destroys them and then permanently removes them from the computer’s hard drive. A custom cookie selection feature was also added to allow users to select specific cookies to be excluded from the deletion process making it so homepages, internet preferences, logins and passwords can be stored for future visits to a website. Software updates also included the ability to clean CHK files created by scandisk and third party programs files such as ActiveX and Java that are downloaded by Internet Explorer. The 2.0 version updates launched in late 1998 were primarily designed to be able to match the advancements in visual improvements of Windows 95/98 and NT 4.0. Window Washer adapted its user interface to allow users to use the software under the multiple users programming of the new Window’s operations systems. This version of Window Washer also supported Netscape 4.5 and Internet Explorer 5.0 as well as the added features that came along with it such as the keyword storing feature in search engines, and personal information stored after being entered into online auto-complete form. Users also gained the ability to reassign a wash path for commonly washed items and do command-line washes. Routine cleaning cycles were reprogrammed to include the cleaning of the information stored in the Windows Registry (aka “streams”) which deletes tracking paths the past actions of the user. Additional features in the 2.0 launch included a real-time counter for "Drive Space Restored" and "Items Washed" was added to the status window. Custom plug-ins were also made available in beginning with this version so that history pathways left behind by popular media programs such as RealPlayer and Adobe Acrobat would be included in wash cycles. A customizable user interface was added as a feature in the 3.0 version launch in early 2000. Additional third party plug-ins were made available for download as well as the ability to wash the recent history cache of Windows Media Player. Increased compatibility was also added for Netscape 6, MSN, Explorer 6, and AOL 6. The interface was again updated to include easier custom configuration for the preferences and settings. The most notable upgrade to the 4.0 version was the addition of the automatic check for updates feature. This release also included enhanced password security, an improvement in the destroying and deleting function when bleaching, and increased efficiency in cleaning sweeps overall. Version 4.0 made Window Washer compatible with AOL 7.0 beta, Netscape 6.1, Windows XP, and Internet Explorer 6.0. Window Washer 5.0 eventually included a requested feature; a one-click personal privacy safety option that shreds and permanently destroys and deletes files and folders. Version 5.0 also came with a built in safety feature that prompts the user to confirm a requested delete of files in categories in which personal files are commonly stored or that operating system files are saved so that files are not unintentionally deleted. Other 5.0 features included a Cookie Keeper, which helps to maintain internet settings, and a My Personal Favorites option to organize frequently visited sites without having them deleted in clean-up cycles. The 6.0 product launch included a completely new user interface as well as cleaning for more internet browsers including Mozilla and Firefox. Version 6.6 is the latest version of the product available and makes Window Washer compatible with Windows 7 and Windows Vista Operating System (32 bit and 64 bit). It also includes cleaning functions for Internet Explorer 8. Webroot Window Washer Webroot Window Washer was a tool designed to protect user's privacy by permanently deleting all traces of web browsing history and other personal information files on a computer running Microsoft Windows. Currently, no further versions are planned as the program is no longer being updated. Window Washer .95 was the first launch of the product and was originally designed to remove unwanted files that accumulate | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Vishnu (TV actor) Vishnu is an Indian actor who has worked on Tamil films and television series. After making a breakthrough as an actor through his role in "Office" (2013), he has worked on films including "Mapla Singam" (2016) "Ivan Yarendru Therikiratha" (2017) and ‘’Kalari’’ (2018). As a part of his post-graduate degree, Vishnu approached Pradeep Milroy Peter, the programming head of STAR Vijay, for a presentation regarding TRPs. Peter was impressed with Vishnu and hired him to the channel as a programme producer, from which Vishnu slowly got into acting roles. He made his breakthrough as an actor with his role as Vishnuvardhan in the television series, "Office", co-starring Karthik and Shruthi Raj. Vishnu made his debut as an actor in films through a supporting role in "Mapla Singam" (2016), an action film starring Vemal and Anjali in the lead roles. His first film as the lead actor, "Ivan Yarendru Therikiratha" (2017), had a delayed release and failed to garner attention at the box office as a result of other high-profile releases. The film was a comedy about a man who was born on Valentine's Day finding it difficult to get a lover, and saw him appear alongside actresses Ishaara Nair and Varsha Bollamma. His forthcoming releases are "Kalari" alongside actor Kreshna and "Sivappu Seval", in both of which he portrays negative roles. Vishnu (TV actor) Vishnu is an Indian actor who has worked on Tamil films and television series. After making a breakthrough as an actor through his role in "Office" (2013), he has worked on films including "Mapla Singam" (2016) "Ivan Yarendru Therikiratha" (2017) and ‘’Kalari’’ (2018). As a part of his post-graduate degree, Vishnu approached Pradeep Milroy Peter, the programming head of STAR Vijay, for a presentation regarding TRPs. Peter was impressed with Vishnu and hired | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie (1880-1943) was a British physician and the founder of the St. Andrew's Medical Mission and the St. Andrew Mission Hospital, the first women's and children's clinic in Singapore. Ferguson-Davie was born Charlotte Elizabeth Hull, the daughter of Edward Hull F.R.S., and she went on to become a medical doctor. In 1902, she married the Anglican Right Reverend Charles James Ferguson-Davie. Ferguson-Davie and her husband came to Singapore in 1909. Prior to coming to Singapore, she had worked in India as a medical missionary. In 1913, she helped create the St. Andrew Medical Mission in order to help care for the "poor and disadvantaged." She opened a second clinic in 1914. In 1921, she published a book, "In Rubber Lands: An Account of the Work of the Church in Malaya". In 1923, she created the first women's and children's clinic in Singapore, named the St. Andrew's Mission Hospital (SAMH). She was able to obtain the land and get architects to work for her for almost "nothing." The next year, in 1924, Ferguson-Davie expanded the services that SAMH provided, including a venereal disease clinic. Ferguson-Davie set up training classes, teaching nursing and midwifery. Ferguson-Davie became an officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1927 and in the same year, retired. She and her husband then moved to South Africa, where he worked at Fort Hare College. Ferguson-Davie died in 1943. Ferguson-Davie was recognized for her medical work during the St. Andrew's Cathedral's Thanksgiving service in 2013. In 2014, she was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame. Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie (1880-1943) was a British physician and the founder of the St. Andrew's Medical Mission and the St. Andrew Mission Hospital, the first women's and children's clinic in Singapore. Ferguson-Davie was | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Hack! Hack! is a 2007 American horror film directed and written by Matt Flynn. The film centres on a group of students who, while on a field trip, become victims in a snuff film, and stars Danica McKellar, Jay Kenneth Johnson, William Forsythe, Sean Kanan, Juliet Landau, Justin Chon, Travis Schuldt, Adrienne Frantz and Gabrielle Richens. The film was released in the UK on July 20, 2007 before receiving a US release on December 11, 2007. On a small island, a man (Kane Hodder) is chased by an unseen figure. As he stops to catch his breath, he is decapitated by his pursuer. Meanwhile, a group of teenage college students, including the social outcast Emily (Danica McKellar), Emily's love interest Johnny (Jay Kenneth Johnson), the flamboyant homosexual Ricky (Justin Chon), jock Tim (Travis Schuldt), boyish lesbian Maddy (Adrienne Frantz), stoner Q (Won-G) and girly-girl Sylvia (Gabrielle Richens), are chosen to go on a field trip to a small island. The group, along with their teacher Mr. Argento (Mike Wittlin), meet Captain J.T. Bates (Burt Young) who takes them to the island on his boat. Here, the group meet the eccentric couple Vincent King (Sean Kanan) and Mary Shelley (Juliet Landau) who they will be staying with. Mary begins to film the group on her hand-held recorder, saying that she is an aspiring director. At night, while the group settle in and have dinner with Vincent and Mary, Mr. Argento finds he has to leave the island to retrieve some equipment. However arriving at the boat, Mr. Argento finds J.T. has been murdered. Meanwhile, the students have a bonfire on the beach. Q leaves the group only to be startled by a figure dressed up as a clown. When he tells the others the incident is ignored and everyone goes to bed, not knowing Mr. Argento has also been murdered. The following day, Sheriff Stoker (Tony Burton) arrives on the island in search of a missing hunter. He questions Vincent and Mary, but both deny ever seeing him, so the Sheriff leaves. Soon after, Tim and Sylvia sneak into the forest to have sex, but are quickly attacked by the killer who murders Tim with a chainsaw. Sylvia is chased through the forest but is eventually caught, before being locked in a cage in an underground dungeon. At dinner, Emily becomes concerned with the various group disappearances, before she realises the phone lines are down, however Vincent and Mary convince everyone there is nothing to worry about. The students again have a bonfire on the beach, while Q decides to try and search for a phone signal. He encounters the clown once again, who swiftly crushes his neck and kills him. With Q now also missing, Emily, Johnny, Ricky and Maddy enter the forest to find their fellow students. Meanwhile, Vincent and Mary are shown watching videos of various murders they have committed and filmed, revealing the couple are making a snuff film. Sheriff Stoker, having become suspicious about Vincent and Mary returns to the island, however he is quickly murdered by the couple with an axe. Ricky and Maddy search the forest, but Maddy is soon knocked unconscious by Vincent and Mary while Ricky flees. Maddy awakens sometime later tied to a tree where she encounters Willy (William Forsythe) who sets her free and tells her she can escape on his boat. While chasing Ricky through the forest, Vincent and Mary stop to record some footage. Vincent bites a chunk out of Mary's neck which eventually kills her, before Ricky attacks Vincent but is ultimately shot dead himself. As Johnny and Emily search the forest, Johnny finally kisses her. Overhearing Ricky's death, Johnny leaves to investigate. Meanwhile, Maddy searches for Willy's boat, but instead finds Emily standing next to a water well. Maddy warns Emily about the murders, but Emily unexpectedly pushes Maddy down the well where she is impaled on a spike. Vincent emerges from a nearby tree, congratulating Emily for her performance and luring the students to the island. Vincent informs Emily that Mary is now dead, and it is revealed the pair were having an affair behind Mary's back. Johnny soon returns to Emily, but is knocked unconscious by Vincent. Johnny awakens in the dungeon and finds Sylvia still trapped in the cage, which is hanging above a pool of piranha fish. Willy arrives and frees Johnny, but Vincent and Emily also arrive and shoot Willy in the chest with an arrow, presumably killing him. In the ensuing fight, Vincent is severely injured and Sylvia is plunged into the pool of piranha. Johnny is chased to the beach where he is caught by Vincent and Emily. However Willy reveals himself to have survived and fatally stabs Vincent, but Emily quickly shoots Willy in the head, killing him. Johnny continues to fight with Emily, before Sylvia also reveals herself to have survived, and she finally kills Emily. Deputy Radley (Lochlyn Munro) then arrives on the island to take Johnny and Sylvia home. In a flashback scene, Deputy Radley is shown to be involved with the snuff film, leaving it unknown if Johnny and Sylvia were saved or were murdered also. Hack! Hack! is a 2007 American horror film directed and written by Matt Flynn. The film centres on a group of students who, while on a field trip, become victims in a snuff film, and stars Danica McKellar, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
The state legislature did not get around to granting a charter for the University until 1789.
Name | Location | Founded
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North Carolina Arboretum | Asheville, Buncombe County |
North Carolina Center for International Understanding | Raleigh, Wake County |
North Carolina Center for Nursing | Raleigh, Wake County |
North Carolina State Approving Agency | Raleigh, Wake County |
North Carolina State Education Assistance Authority | Raleigh, Wake County |
UNC Center for Public Television (UNC-TV) | Research Triangle Park, Durham County | 1955
UNC Faculty Assembly | Chapel Hill, Orange County |
University of North Carolina Press | Chapel Hill, Orange County | 1922
UNC Staff Assembly | Chapel Hill, Orange County |
* East Carolina University (1920)
* North Carolina Central University (1925)
* Winston-Salem State University (1925)
* Western Carolina University (1929)
* Appalachian State University (1929)
* Elizabeth City State University (1937)
* University of North Carolina at Pembroke (1939)
* Fayetteville State University (1939)
* University of North Carolina at Asheville (1963)
* University of North Carolina at Charlotte (1963)
* University of North Carolina at Wilmington (1963) | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
The General Assembly shall provide that the benefits of The University of North Carolina and other public institutions of higher education, as far as practicable, be extended to the people of the State free of expense.
Within its seventeen campuses, UNC houses two medical schools and one teaching hospital, ten nursing programs, two schools of dentistry, one veterinary school and hospital, and a school of pharmacy, as well as a two law schools, 15 schools of education, three schools of engineering, and a school for performing artists. The oldest university, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, first admitted students in 1795. The smallest and newest member is the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, a residential two-year high school, founded in 1980 and a full member of the University since 2007. The largest university is North Carolina State University, with 34,340 students as of fall 2012.
The following universities became four-year institutions after their founding (date each became a four-year institution in parentheses):
With the exception of the University of North Carolina at Pembroke and the University of North Carolina School of the Arts, the institutions that joined the University of North Carolina in 1972 did so under their current name. As of 1972, all public four-year institutions in North Carolina are members of the University.
The University of North Carolina is a multi-campus public university system composed of all 16 of North Carolina's public universities, as well as the NC School of Science and Mathematics, the nation's first public residential high school for gifted students. Commonly referred to as the University of North Carolina system or the UNC system to differentiate it from the original campus in Chapel Hill, the university has a total enrollment of over 183,001 students and confers over 75% of all baccalaureate degrees in North Carolina in 2008. UNC campuses conferred 43,686 degrees for 2008–2009, the bulk of which were Bachelor's level with 31,055 degrees awarded.
University of North Carolina
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Latin:Universitat Carol Septet
Type | Public University system
Established | 1789 (Chapel Hill) 1972 (current structure)
President | Margaret Spellings
Academic staff | 13,564 (2008 Fall)
Administrative staff | 30,664 (2008 Fall)
Students | 228,524 (2016 Fall)
Undergraduates | 182,462 (2016 Fall)
Postgraduates | 46,062 (2016 Fall)
Location | Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.
Campus | 17 campuses state-wide
Website | www.northcarolina.edu
The General Assembly shall maintain a public system of higher education, comprising The University of North Carolina and such other institutions of higher education as the General Assembly may deem wise. The General Assembly shall provide for the selection of trustees of The University of North Carolina and of the other institutions of higher education, in whom shall be vested all the privileges, rights, franchises, and endowments heretofore granted to or conferred upon the trustees of these institutions. The General Assembly may enact laws necessary and expedient for the maintenance and management of The University of North Carolina and the other public institutions of higher education.
Official name (Previous name) | Official abbrev. | Location | Enrollment As of Fall 2016 | Carnegie Classification | Founded | Nickname | Joined system | References
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
Appalachian State University (Appalachian State Teacher's College, until 1967) | ASU, App State (for athletics) | Boone, Watauga County | 18,295 | Master's University | 1899 | Mountaineers | 1972 |
East Carolina University (East Carolina College, until 1967) | ECU, East Carolina (for athletics) | Greenville, Pitt County | 28,962 | Doctoral/Research University | 1907 | Pirates | 1972 |
Elizabeth City State University (Elizabeth City State College, until 1969) | ECSU | Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County | 1,357 | Baccalaureate College | 1891 | Vikings | 1972 |
Fayetteville State University (Fayetteville State College, until 1969) | FSU | Fayetteville, Cumberland County | 6,223 | Master's University | 1867 | Broncos | 1972 |
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (The Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina, until 1969) | NC A&T; | Greensboro, Guilford County | 11,177 | Doctoral/Research University | 1891 | Aggies | 1972 |
North Carolina Central University (North Carolina College at Durham, until 1969) | NCCU, NC Central (for athletics) | Durham, Durham County | 8,094 | Master's University | 1909 | Eagles | 1972 |
North Carolina State University (North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering, until 1963) | NCSU, NC State or State (for athletics) | Raleigh, Wake County | 33,755 | Doctoral/Research University | 1887 | Wolfpack | 1932 |
University of North Carolina at Asheville (Asheville-Biltmore College until 1969) | UNCA or Asheville | Asheville, Buncombe County | 3,821 | Baccalaureate College | 1927 | Bulldogs | 1969 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (University of North Carolina, until 1963) | UNC-Chapel Hill, UNC-CH, North Carolina, or Carolina (for athletics) | Chapel Hill, Orange County | 29,468 | Doctoral/Research University | 1789 | Tar Heels | 1932 |
University of North Carolina at Charlotte (Charlotte College, until 1965) | UNC Charlotte, Charlotte (for athletics) | Charlotte, Mecklenburg County | 28,721 | Doctoral/Research University | 1946 | 49ers | 1965 |
University of North Carolina at Greensboro (The Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, until 1963) | UNCG | Greensboro, Guilford County | 19,647 | Doctoral/Research University | 1891 | Spartans | 1932 |
University of North Carolina at Pembroke (Pembroke State University, until 1996) | UNCP | Pembroke, Robeson County | 6,268 | Master's University | 1887 | Braves | 1972 |
University of North Carolina at Wilmington (Wilmington College, until 1969) | UNCW | Wilmington, New Hanover County | 15,740 | Master's University | 1947 | Seahawks | 1969 |
University of North Carolina School of the Arts (North Carolina School of the Arts, until 2008) | UNCSA | Winston-Salem, Forsyth County | 1,040 | Special Focus Institution | 1963 | The Fighting Pickle | 1972 |
Western Carolina University (Western Carolina College, until 1967) | WCU, Western Carolina (for athletics) | Cullowhee, Jackson County | 10,805 | Master's University | 1889 | Western Carolina Catamounts | 1972 |
Winston-Salem State University (Winston-Salem Teacher's College, until 1969) | WSSU | Winston-Salem, Forsyth County | 5,151 | Baccalaureate College | 1892 | Rams | 1972 |
North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics | NCSSM | Durham, Durham County | 700 | Residential High School | 1980 | Unicorns | 2007 |
Sec. 9. Benefits of public institutions of higher education.
Name | Term
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Rev. Joseph Caldwell | 1804–1812
Robert Hett Chapman | 1812–1816
Rev. Joseph Caldwell | 1816–1835
Elisha Mitchell * | 1835
David Lowry Swain | 1835–1868
Rev. Solomon Pool | 1869–1872
Rev. Charles Phillips | 1875–1876
Kemp Plummer Battle | 1876–1891
George Tayloe Winston | 1891–1896
Edwin Anderson Alderman | 1896–1900
Francis Preston Venable | 1900–1914
Edward Kidder Graham | 1914–1918
Marvin Hendrix Stacy | 1918–1919
Harry Woodburn Chase | 1919–1930
Frank Porter Graham | 1930-1949 (UNC Consolidation in 1931)
William Donald Carmichael, Jr. * | 1949–1950
Gordon Gray | 1950–1955
J. Harris Purks * | 1955–1956 | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Sec. 9. Benefits of public institutions of higher education.
Name | Term
---|---
Rev. Joseph Caldwell | 1804–1812
Robert Hett Chapman | 1812–1816
Rev. Joseph Caldwell | 1816–1835
Elisha Mitchell * | 1835
David Lowry Swain | 1835–1868
Rev. Solomon Pool | 1869–1872
Rev. Charles Phillips | 1875–1876
Kemp Plummer Battle | 1876–1891
George Tayloe Winston | 1891–1896
Edwin Anderson Alderman | 1896–1900
Francis Preston Venable | 1900–1914
Edward Kidder Graham | 1914–1918
Marvin Hendrix Stacy | 1918–1919
Harry Woodburn Chase | 1919–1930
Frank Porter Graham | 1930-1949 (UNC Consolidation in 1931)
William Donald Carmichael, Jr. * | 1949–1950
Gordon Gray | 1950–1955
J. Harris Purks * | 1955–1956
William Clyde Friday | 1956–1986 (acting until 1957)
Clemmie Spangler | 1986–1997
Molly Corbett Broad | 1997–2006
Erskine Bowles | 2006–2011
Thomas W. Ross | 2011–2016
Margaret Spellings | 2016–present
An asterisk (*) denotes acting president.
Founded in 1789, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is one of three schools to claim the title of oldest public university in the United States. It closed from 1871 to 1875, faced with serious financial and enrollment problems during the Reconstruction era. In 1877, the State of North Carolina began sponsoring additional higher education institutions. Over time the state added a women's college (now known as the University of North Carolina at Greensboro), a land-grant university (North Carolina State University), five historically black institutions (North Carolina A&T; State University, North Carolina Central University, Winston-Salem State University, Fayetteville State University, and Elizabeth City State University) and one to educate American Indians (the University of North Carolina at Pembroke). Others were created to prepare teachers for public education and to instruct performing artists.
During the Depression, the North Carolina General Assembly searched for cost savings within state government. Towards this effort in 1931, it redefined the University of North Carolina, which at the time referred exclusively to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; the new Consolidated University of North Carolina was created to include the existing campuses of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. The three campuses came under the leadership of just one board and one president. By 1969, three additional campuses had joined the Consolidated University through legislative action:the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.
Article IX of the current version of the North Carolina Constitution deals with all forms of public education in the state. Sections 8 and 9 of that article address higher education. Sec. 8. Higher education.
The enrollment numbers are the official headcounts (including all full-time and part-time, undergrad and postgrad students) from University of North Carolina website:https://web.archive.org/web/20100527154058/https://www.northcarolina.edu/web/facts.php. This does not include the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, the figure for NCSSM is taken from its own website:https://web.archive.org/web/20080919063321/http://www.ncssm.edu/about-ncssm/facts.php.
In 1971, North Carolina passed legislation bringing into the University of North Carolina all 16 public institutions that confer bachelor's degrees. This round of consolidation granted each constituent institution a Chancellor and a Board of Trustees. In 1985, the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, a residential high school for gifted students, was declared an affiliated school of the university. In 2007, the high school became a full member of the university.
While the official names of each campus are determined by the North Carolina General Assembly, abbreviations are determined by the individual school.
That a school or schools shall be established by the Legislature, for the convenient instruction of youth, ... and all useful learning shall be duly encouraged, and promoted, in one or more universities,
The legal authority and mandate for the University of North Carolina is contained in the State's first Constitution (1776), which provided in Article XLI
Statutory provisions stipulate the current function and cost to students of the University of North Carolina. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
-yllion -yllion is a proposal from Donald Knuth for the terminology and symbols of an alternate decimal superbase system. In it, he adapts the familiar English terms for large numbers to provide a systematic set of names for much larger numbers. In addition to providing an extended range, "-yllion" also dodges the long and short scale ambiguity of -illion. Knuth's digit grouping is exponential instead of linear; each division doubles the number of digits handled, whereas the familiar system only adds three or six more. His system is basically the same as one of the ancient and now-unused Chinese numeral systems, in which units stand for 10, 10, 10, 10, ..., 10, and so on. Today the corresponding characters are used for 10, 10, 10, 10, and so on. In Knuth's "-yllion" proposal: Each new number name is the square of the previous one — therefore, each new name covers twice as many digits. Knuth continues borrowing the traditional names changing "illion" to "yllion" on each one. Abstractly, then, "one n-yllion" is formula_1. "One trigintyllion" (formula_2) would have 2+1, or 42;9496,7297, or nearly forty-three myllion (4300 million) digits (by contrast, a conventional "trigintillion" has merely 94 digits — not even a hundred, let alone a thousand million, and still 7 digits short of a googol). Better yet, "one centyllion" (formula_3) would have 2+1, or 507,0602;4009,1291:7605,9868;1282,1505, or about a half tryllion digits, whereas a conventional "centillion" has only 304 digits. For a more extensive table, see Myriad system. The corresponding Chinese numerals are given, with the traditional form listed before the simplified form. Today these numerals are still in use, but are used for different values. -yllion -yllion is a proposal from Donald Knuth for the terminology and symbols of an alternate decimal superbase system. In it, he adapts the familiar | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Mota Singh Sir Mota Singh, QC (26 July 1930 – 13 November 2016) was a British judge who was noted for being the United Kingdom's first Asian judge. Singh was born in 1930 in Nairobi, Kenya. He was only sixteen years of age when he lost his father, Sardar Dalip Singh. The responsibility of the family with five younger siblings, widowed mother and grandfather fell upon him forcing him to leave his studies. However, Mota Singh's school teachers convinced his family to let him resume studies, undertaking to finance his school education. After a short stint as a clerk at the East African Railways and Harbours, he joined a European firm of lawyers in Nairobi. He was married meanwhile to Swaran Kaur in 1950 and a daughter was born a year later. He continued his Bar studies. In 1953, Singh accompanied by his wife and daughter went to England. After passing the Bar final examinations in 1955, he returned to Kenya in 1956, to start his own practice as a barrister in Nairobi. He also entered politics and was elected a City Councillor and then elevated to the position of alderman of the City of Nairobi. He went on to hold many responsible positions before he decided in 1965 to emigrate to England. He joined the English bar in 1967 and made headlines with his appointment to the bench in 1982, the first from a minority ethnic group and first judge to sit on the English Bench wearing a turban instead of a horse-hair wig. Singh retired from the Bench in 2002. In 2010, Singh was knighted by the Queen for his services to the judiciary and for his charitable works. Mota Singh Sir Mota Singh, QC (26 July 1930 – 13 November 2016) was a British judge who was | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Pat Kelly (musician) Pat Kelly (born 1944, Kingston, Jamaica) is a reggae singer whose career began in the late 1960s. Kelly was born in Kingston in 1944. After leaving school, he spent a year studying electronics in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States during 1966, before returning to Jamaica. In 1967, when Slim Smith left The Techniques, Kelly was brought in to replace him, recording for Duke Reid in the rocksteady era when Reid's Treasure Isle studio/label was dominating Jamaican music. Kelly's falsetto voice, strongly influenced by the American soul singer Sam Cooke, in combination with Winston Riley and Bruce Ruffin, maintained the success that The Techniques had enjoyed with Smith. The Techniques first record with Kelly, "You Don't Care", adapted from Curtis Mayfield's "You'll Want Me Back", spent six weeks at number one in the Jamaican singles chart, and was followed by further hits with "Queen Majesty", "My Girl", "Love Is Not a Gamble", "It's You I Love", and "Run Come Celebrate". In 1968, Kelly went solo, moving from Reid to Bunny Lee, and debuting with another Mayfield cover, "Little Boy Blue". Kelly's "How Long Will It Take" was the biggest-selling Jamaican single of 1969, and was the first Jamaican record to feature a string arrangement, which was overdubbed when it was released in the United Kingdom on the Palmer Brothers' "Gas" label. An album followed, the Lee "Scratch" Perry-engineered "Pat Kelley Sings" (sic), and Kelly was offered a £25,000 contract by Apple Records, which he was unable to accept due to existing contractual commitments. Kelly continued to record, having a big hits for producer Phil Pratt in 1972 with "Soulful Love" and "Talk About Love", and returning to record with Duke Reid, having another hit with a cover of John Denver's "Sunshine". He fell back on his earlier training, working as an engineer at Channel One Studios. He also moved into production, producing his own "Youth and Youth" album in 1978, and co-producing (with Holt) John Holt's "The Impressable John Holt (Disco Mix)" album in 1979.The late 1970s and early 1980s saw Kelly recording more regularly again, and he continued to record occasionally in the years that followed. Pat Kelly (musician) Pat Kelly (born 1944, Kingston, Jamaica) is a reggae singer whose career began in the late 1960s. Kelly was born in Kingston in 1944. After leaving school, he spent a year studying electronics in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States during | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Hadley Hills The Hadley Hills are a rugged glacial moraine located in The Thumb of Michigan, that extend from northern Oakland County and into southern Lapeer County. The hills surround the village of Hadley; the highest points and most prominent outcroppings are: Pinnacle Point, at 1,262 feet (385 m), Kerr (Cemetery) Hill, at 1,258 feet (383 m), both located in Hadley Township, Mt Christie, at 1,251 feet (381 m), in Metamora Township, and a point near Mayville, reaching up to 1,050 feet (320 m) above sea level. located in Hadley Township, in Lapeer County. The highest points The Hadley Hills are an extension of a larger collection of hills which are attributed to other geologically related moraines, that run in a southwesterly direction from northern Lapeer County and actually stretch as far south as northern Indiana, and Ohio. The southern portion of this moraine is known collectively as the Irish Hills. This glacial ridge, and plateau system, creates some of the highest points in southern lower Michigan, is dotted by numerous lakes, and provides the Detroit Metropolitan Area with many of its recreational areas, parks, ski resorts, and beaches, including the Ortonville Recreation Area, Metamora-Hadley Recreation Area, the Holly State Recreation Area, and the Mt. Holly, and Pine Knob ski areas. The Hadley Hills were created in a different geologic process from the rest of the moraines in the system, which were created by the advancement and retreat of the glaciers. The Hadley Hills, are instead, a veiki moraine, which is produced by the melting of leftover, or "dead" glacial ice, which created a plateau of glacial debris, instead of a typical ridge. This accounts for the numerous basin lakes, sinkholes, and unusual shape, and rough terrain associated with the hills. The hills provide habitat for wildlife, and are popular with hunters and fishermen. There is also a network of trails used by hiker, snowmobilers and also for horseback riding. Hadley Hills The Hadley Hills are a rugged glacial moraine located in The Thumb of Michigan, that extend from northern Oakland County and into southern Lapeer County. The hills surround the village of Hadley; the highest points and most prominent outcroppings are: Pinnacle Point, at 1,262 feet (385 m), Kerr (Cemetery) Hill, at 1,258 feet (383 m), both located in Hadley Township, Mt Christie, at 1,251 feet (381 m), in Metamora Township, and a point near Mayville, reaching up to | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
BAFTA Award for Best Production Design This is a list of winners and nominees for the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design for each year. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for movies, television, children's movies and television, and interactive media. Best British Production Design – Black and White 1964: "Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb" – Ken Adam Best British Production Design – Color 1964: "Becket" – John Bryan 1965: "Darling" – Ray Simm 1965: "The Ipcress File" – Ken Adam 1966: "The Blue Max" – Wilfred Shingleton 1967: no award given 1967: "A Man for All Seasons" – John Box Best Production Design (and Art Direction) 1968: "" – Ernest Archer, Harry Lange, and Anthony Masters 1970: "Waterloo" – Mario Garbuglia 1971: "Death in Venice (Morte a Venezia)" – Ferdinando Scarfiotti 1972: "Cabaret" – Rolf Zehetbauer 1973: "The Hireling" – Natasha Kroll 1974: "The Great Gatsby" – John Box 1975: "Rollerball" – John Box 1976: "Bugsy Malone" – Geoffrey Kirkland 1977: "Fellini's Casanova (Il Casanova di Federico Fellini)" – Danilo Donati and Federico Fellini 1978: "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" – Joe Alves 1979: "Alien" – Michael Seymour 1980: "The Elephant Man" – Stuart Craig 1981: "Raiders of the Lost Ark" – Norman Reynolds 1982: "Blade Runner" – Lawrence G. Paull 1983: "La Traviata" – Gianni Quaranta and Franco Zeffirelli 1985: "Brazil" – Norman Garwood 1986: "A Room with a View" – Brian Ackland-Snow and Gianni Quaranta 1987: "Radio Days" – Santo Loquasto 1988: "" – Dean Tavoularis 1989: "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen" – Dante Ferretti 1990: "Dick Tracy" – Richard Sylbert 1991: "Edward Scissorhands" – Bo Welch 1992: "Strictly Ballroom" – Catherine Martin 1993: "The Piano" – Andrew McAlpine 1994: "Interview with the Vampire" – Dante Ferretti 1995: "Apollo 13" – Michael Corenblith 1996: "Richard III" – Tony Burrough 1997: "Romeo + Juliet" – Catherine Martin 1998: "The Truman Show" – Dennis Gassner 1999: "Sleepy Hollow" – Rick Heinrichs "'2000: "Gladiator" – Arthur Max "'2001: "Amélie (Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain)" – Aline Bonetto 2002: "Road to Perdition" – Dennis Gassner "'2003: "" – William Sandell 2004: "The Aviator" – Dante Ferretti "'2005: "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" – Stuart Craig "'2006: "Children of Men" – Jim Clay, Geoffrey Kirkland, and Jennifer Williams "'2007: "Atonement" – Sarah Greenwood and Katie Spencer "'2008: "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" – Donald Graham Burt and Victor J. Zolfo "'2009: "Avatar" – Rick Carter, Robert Stromberg, and Kim Sinclair 2010: "Inception" – Guy Hendrix Dyas, Larry Dias, and Doug Mowat 2011: "Hugo" – Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo 2012: "Les Misérables" – Eve Stewart and Anna Lynch-Robinson 2013: "The Great Gatsby" – Catherine Martin and Beverly Dunn 2014: "The Grand Budapest Hotel" – Adam Stockhausen and Anna Pinnock 2015: "" – Colin Gibson and Lisa Thompson 2016: "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" – Stuart Craig and Anna Pinnock 2017: "The Shape of Water" – Paul D. Austerberry, Jeff Melvin, and Shane Vieau BAFTA Award for Best Production Design This is a list of winners and nominees for the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design for each year. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for movies, television, children's movies and television, and interactive media. Best British Production Design – Black and White 1964: "Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb" – Ken Adam Best British Production Design | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Thomas Happer Taylor Thomas Happer Taylor (December 11, 1934 – October 1, 2017) was a highly decorated veteran of the United States Army, a military historian, an author of seven books, and a champion triathlete. He served in Vietnam following in the footsteps of his father, General Maxwell D. Taylor. Thomas H. Taylor was born on December 11, 1934, in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the second son of Lydia Happer and Maxwell Davenport Taylor. Soon after his birth the family moved to Tokyo, where his father, a fluent Japanese linguist, was military attaché. During World War II, while his father served in North Africa, Taylor and his siblings lived in Fort Bragg, NC, and Arlington, VA, where Mrs. Taylor worked for the Office of Price Administration (OPA) doling out gasoline ration cards. After attending high school in Berlin following the Berlin Blockade, Taylor returned to the U.S. He then matriculated to West Point from which he graduated in 1960. General Taylor once remarked about his son's undergraduate education: "He did something at the Academy that I could never do. He made the choir." After a period in the Special Forces and in the infantry, Taylor volunteered for service in Vietnam, but was not permitted to begin his tour of duty there until his father Maxwell Taylor completed his service as Ambassador to Vietnam. He arrived in Vietnam as a captain in July 1965, joining the First Brigade of the 101st Airborne Division, (the "Screaming Eagles") which his father had commanded in World War II. Captain Taylor's first assignment was as the intelligence officer of his brigade. His commander had felt that his Special Forces training as a guerrilla fighter would be an advantage in combatting guerrillas, and this proved to be true. In September 1965, Taylor participated in the first encounter between a U.S. battalion and a Viet Cong main force battalion. Two company commanders were casualties in that battle, and Taylor inherited B Company, 2nd Battalion, 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment, called "Strike Force." Although "parachute" was in the group's name, the soldiers used helicopters exclusively. Taylor was awarded a Silver Star, two Bronze Stars for valor and the Purple Heart, the latter involving a wound that ended his command of B Company. After returning to the U.S., Taylor wrote "A-18" (Crown Publications, 1967) a novel about a Special Forces raid to kill Ho Chi Minh. Because he was still in the Army, Taylor was subject to Pentagon censorship. Despite the censors objection to the author's depiction of sexual seduction—"...something unbecoming for an officer to do"— "A-18" led to a fellowship to the prestigious Bread Loaf Writers Conference in Vermont. Eager to take on civilian subjects, Taylor decided to study sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. To him, being a Vietnam vet in Berkeley in the 1960s was "like facing the Viet Cong on a second front." As a teaching assistant his classes were disrupted by window shattering rocks thrown by protestors shouting "War criminal!" His classes consequently were moved to upper floors. In 1970 Taylor wrote "A Piece of This Country" (W. W. Norton) about a black sergeant who found in Vietnam the respect he couldn't achieve at home. The book received many positive reviews. Publisher's Weekly called it "a powerful novel." Writing in "The New York Times", Marin Levin observed that "The Byzantine complexities of the Vietnam war are brilliantly sifted in this stunning history of a siege." This novel, identified by Ken Lopez as one of the 25 best books about the Vietnam War, earned Taylor the George E. Crothers Literary Prize awarded annually by UC Berkeley. Intermittent employment after grad school turned Taylor's attention to remunerative prospects in law. Not wishing to rely so much on his wife Pamela, a Pan Am stewardess, after earning a master's degree in sociology, Taylor entered the Hastings College of Law at the University of California in San Francisco. He was admitted to the State Bar of California in July, 1978. Graduation led to a legal job with Bechtel, the engineering/construction giant whose best paying jobs were in Saudi Arabia. There, one of the contracts Taylor negotiated was with the Bin Laden Group, which was building a city from scratch on the Persian Gulf. When five of his colleagues were arrested for consuming alcohol, to handle their case Taylor had to learn elements of Sharia Law. During this period, he wrote "Born of War" (McGraw-Hill), a historical novel about Orde Wingate, the controversial British officer who defeated the Italians in Ethiopia and led the famous Chindits in Burma during World War II. "Library Journal" commented that the book provided "good historical background in a variety of settings" and that it was "smoothly written." "Born of War" was optioned several times by Hollywood executives but was never produced. In 1982 Taylor's Vietnam past returned in the person of his Vietnamese interpreter, Ben Cai Lam, whose true story of imprisonment and escape rivaled that of Dr. Haing S. Ngor, protagonist of "The Killing Fields". Taylor told the story of Ben Cai Lam in his first nonfiction book "Where the Orange Blooms" (McGraw-Hill, 1989). The Kirkus Review noted that when Taylor "focuses on his own experiences and on the larger issue of what went wrong in Vietnam, he is invariably engrossing." This was followed by a second nonfiction book, "Lightning in the Storm" (Hippocrene), the story of the 101st Airborne Division's role in the Gulf War. "The division operated some distance from where I worked in Saudi Arabia. That seemed so ironic." Booklist observed that the book "is a good narrative that mixes the anecdotal and the analytical without unreasonably exaggerating the division's contribution to the coalition victory and that is written to be accessible to a broad range of readers. Taylor, who has written the book as a tribute to noncommissioned officers in particular, has the triple qualifications of being a writer, a veteran of the division, and the son of the late Maxwell Taylor, the division's commander during World War II." Now a well-known military historian, Taylor was commissioned by the US Army Ranger Association to write "Rangers Lead the Way" (Turner Publishing, 1996). His next project was "The Simple Sounds of Freedom" (Random House, 2002) based on the life of Joe Beyrle, the only American to have fought and been wounded in both the American and Russian armies. The book's title was borrowed from President Clinton's address on the 50th Anniversary of D Day at the American Cemetery in Normandy: "These are the men who gave us our world. The simple sounds of freedom we hear today are their voices speaking to us across the years." The Library Journal commented: "This is the riveting story of Joe Beyrle's amazing World War II odyssey...Taylor skillfully intermixes Joe's ordeal with the 101st's battles against the Germans, from D-day to Bastogne. He has carefully corroborated the details of Joe's adventures with other POWs and available documents. Fortunately, Beyrle is still alive to enjoy the recognition his unbounded courage deserves. This book belongs in all World War II collections." Booklist (August 12, 2002) noted that Taylor "relates an incredible odyssey of Beyrle's escape attempts, survival in several POW camps, and ultimate escape to the advancing Russians, with whom he volunteered to fight and was subsequently wounded. Despite the presentation's compositional bumpiness, it carries Beyrle's courageous war mettle directly to the avid audience for stories concerning the legendary 101st." In the 1960s, while enrolled at West Point, Taylor had been the captain of the school's Modern Pentathlon team. Competition involved five activities: running, swimming, pistol marksmanship, fencing, and horsemanship. The sport prepared Taylor two decades later for the triathlon, which consists of running, swimming, and biking. While writing for the recently founded | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
collections." Booklist (August 12, 2002) noted that Taylor "relates an incredible odyssey of Beyrle's escape attempts, survival in several POW camps, and ultimate escape to the advancing Russians, with whom he volunteered to fight and was subsequently wounded. Despite the presentation's compositional bumpiness, it carries Beyrle's courageous war mettle directly to the avid audience for stories concerning the legendary 101st." In the 1960s, while enrolled at West Point, Taylor had been the captain of the school's Modern Pentathlon team. Competition involved five activities: running, swimming, pistol marksmanship, fencing, and horsemanship. The sport prepared Taylor two decades later for the triathlon, which consists of running, swimming, and biking. While writing for the recently founded Triathlete magazine, Taylor decided his articles would have greater authenticity if he attempted the sport himself. This led, in 1982, to his winning the U.S. National Champion in his age group, a feat that he repeated in 1985. His next championship came a quarter century later, with his victory in the 75–79 age category. Owing to his Purple Heart (which Taylor wore on his racing shirt), he was named to be the American flag bearer for Team USA in the World Championships at Gold Coast, Australia, and at Budapest, where he finished fifth. "I wore mine for soldiers earning Purple Hearts in Iraq and Afghanistan. My wound was minor. Many of theirs are mind-numbing." Thomas Happer Taylor Thomas Happer Taylor (December 11, 1934 – October 1, 2017) was a highly decorated veteran of the United States Army, a military historian, an author of seven books, and a champion triathlete. He served in Vietnam following in the footsteps of his father, General Maxwell D. Taylor. Thomas H. Taylor was born on December 11, 1934, in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the second son of Lydia Happer and Maxwell Davenport Taylor. Soon after his birth the family moved to Tokyo, where his father, a fluent Japanese linguist, was military attaché. During World War II, while his father | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Melodorum siamense Melodorum siamensis (Taxonomic synonym "Rauwenhoffia siamensis"; locally called nom-maew) is a plant in the family Annonaceae. "Melodorum siamensis" is a small tree, related to the ylang-ylang. It requires little care and can even be kept in containers, blooming from spring until fall. Despite their plainness, the flowers of the Melodorum have a smell that can travel very far. It is for this that Asian gardeners include it among their favorite garden plants. This plant can tolerate some shade; however, lack of sunlight adversely affects flowering. The "Melodorum siamensis" is a native tree of Thailand, a perennial plant with a small trunk, and a height of 1–2 meters, darkly-coloured stalks and drooping branches. Their leaves are especially monocotyledonous, long, and sharp. A single one can bloom as group of 1–3 flowers, which are yellow-green in color, 1–2 cm large, very fragrant, and have 6 petals. The flowers bloom throughout the year. Nom-maew are the endemic plants found only in the rain forests of central and southern Thailand, but are also popular house plants. The nom-maew is sometimes called the 'tree of Thailand'. This tree is a good container plant. It is relatively problem-free and requires little care. Even though the flowers are inconspicuous, a single flower has a quite strong and pleasant aroma, thus the plant has a high value and is often used in Asian gardens. It is an essential ingredient in a famous Indonesian herbal concoction which includes, besides Melodorum, ginseng root, powdered corn, etc. It has a pleasant taste and aroma, and can offer a variety of benefits including: improving muscle tone, expands circulation, reduces blood pressure, restores a regular heart rhythm, increases red blood cell count, reduces pain and fatigue, cleanses the body of toxic substances and stimulates intellectual activity. Nom-maew found can be found in Thai literature due to the fact that it is so common. For instance, the Thai poem "Journey to Muang Klang" (Sunthorn Pho, 1806) contains a reference to the tree. Melodorum siamense Melodorum siamensis (Taxonomic synonym "Rauwenhoffia siamensis"; locally called nom-maew) is a plant in the family Annonaceae. "Melodorum siamensis" is a small tree, related to the ylang-ylang. It requires little care and can even be kept in containers, blooming from spring until fall. Despite their plainness, the flowers of the Melodorum have a smell that can travel very far. It is for this that Asian gardeners include it among | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Middelalderparken The Medieval Park () in the borough of Gamle Oslo in Oslo, Norway. The park was built in 2000 in Sørenga in The medieval town of Oslo in The Old Town, Oslo (Gamlebyen). That is about ten minutes walk from the Oslo Central Station. The park is located within the so-called Medieval Park area, which also included the "Memorial Park" and Ladegården on the north side of Bispegata. In this area, development is not allowed due to ruins and plenty of cultural remains in the underground. In the Medieval Park are the ruins of St. Clement's Church, St. Mary's Church and the former royal estate front open in the day. Until the Medieval Park in the west is a water surface, a lake nicknamed "Tenerife". At the lake is half of the Oslo fjord shoreline as it appeared in the Middle Ages (about year 1300), reconstructed. The part of the park located at the lake is 43 acres in addition to the water on 22 acres. Park facility at the ruins of St. Clement's Church are also considered for the park and this area is 4.7 acres, of the park that total is 70 acres. "Oslo Middelalderfestival" is and Øyafestivalen was annual events located in the Medieval Park. The 2014 Oslo Middelalderfestival is located at Akershus Castle. Middelalderparken The Medieval Park () in the borough of Gamle Oslo in Oslo, Norway. The park was built in 2000 in Sørenga in The medieval town of Oslo in The Old Town, Oslo (Gamlebyen). That is about ten minutes walk from the Oslo Central Station. The park is located within the so-called Medieval Park area, which also included the "Memorial Park" and Ladegården on the north side of Bispegata. In this area, development is not allowed due to ruins and plenty of | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Russian-speaking Ukraine The All-Ukrainian Non-government Organization “Human Rights Public Movement “Russian-speaking Ukraine” () was founded on March 1, 2008 in Severodonetsk, Luhansk region during the II All-Ukrainian congress of deputies of all-level councils, and was registered on August 10, 2009 by the Ministry of Justice (Kiev). Protection of the rights and freedoms of Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine and minority population through the preservation and further development of Russian language and culture, languages and cultures of national minorities; protection of the canonical Orthodox Church, religions and beliefs of native population of Ukraine, as well as their cultural, information and social environment. Vadym Kolesnichenko, The Chairman of Council Members: On April 8 the NGO "Russian-speaking Ukraine" and the Polish Society for the Remembrance of the Victims of Crimes Committed by Ukrainian Nationalists launched an exhibition entitled "The Volyn Massacre: Polish and Jewish victims of the OUN-UPA" in Ukrainian House in Kiev. It was premier exhibit in the Ukrainian travel tour. In April–October period of 2010 exhibition was displayed in Kiev, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, Mykolaiv, Sevastopol, Yalta, Kharkiv. On June 20–22 the Founding Convention of the International Human Rights Movement "World without Nazism" (of which the "Russian-speaking Ukraine" is one of several partners) took place in Kiev. More than 350 delegates came to this event, among them representatives of more than 150 non-governmental organizations from more than 20 countries, including parliamentarians from Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Moldova, Israel. A new international organization called World without Nazism was the result of couple of forums on the lessons of World War II. They have been held in Berlin (December, 2009) and Riga (March, 2010). Public Report on the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages implementation in Ukraine. This analysis was prepared for information-gathering process designed to enable the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to better evaluate the application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Ukraine and to adopt its own report. Additional information to the Public Report on the European Charter for regional or minority languages implementation in Ukraine. Public Report Concerning Observance of Regulations of Article 30 of the European Social Charter (Reconsidered) in Ukraine. Russian-speaking Ukraine The All-Ukrainian Non-government Organization “Human Rights Public Movement “Russian-speaking Ukraine” () was founded on March 1, 2008 in Severodonetsk, Luhansk region during the II All-Ukrainian congress of deputies of all-level councils, and was registered on August 10, 2009 by the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Cornelius Johnson (American football) Cornelius Otis Johnson (born July 12, 1943) is a former American football offensive guard who played six seasons with the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Colts in the eighth round of the 1967 NFL Draft. He played college football at Virginia Union University and attended Richmond High School in Richmond, Virginia. He was a member of the Colts team that won Super Bowl V. He was also a member of the Harrisburg Capitols and The Hawaiians. Johnson was selected by the Baltimore Colts with the 204th pick in the 1967 NFL Draft. He played in 74 games, starting seven, for the Colts from 1967 to 1973. He also played for the Harrisburg Capitols of the Atlantic Coast Football League in 1967. The Capitols served as Baltimore's farm club. The Colts won Super Bowl V against the Dallas Cowboys on January 17, 1971. Johnson played in nineteen games for The Hawaiians of the World Football League from 1974 to 1975. Johnson wears a prosthetic leg after being told, upon examination of a leg injury, that he had to have his lower right leg amputated due to complications from diabetes and MRSA. He is also blind in his right eye and partially blind in his left due to a stroke. He and his wife previously owned a helicopter business in Hawaii. Johnson has served as a mentor to student athletes in Prescott, Arizona ever since he arrived in the area during the late 1990s. Cornelius Johnson (American football) Cornelius Otis Johnson (born July 12, 1943) is a former American football offensive guard who played six seasons with the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Colts in the eighth round of the 1967 NFL | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Veniamin Kaverin Veniamin Alexandrovich Kaverin (; real name – Вениамин Абелевич Зильбер, or Veniamin Abelevich Zilber)(, Pskov – May 2, 1989, Moscow) was a Soviet writer associated with the early 1920s movement of the Serapion Brothers. Kaverin was born in a family of kapellmeister of the 96th Infantry Regiment out of Omsk, Abel Abramovich Zilber and his wife Hana Girshevna Desson who owned a chain of music stores. His older sister, Leia Abelevna Zilber, married Yury Tynyanov who was a classmate of the Kaverin's older brother Lev Zilber. Kaverin studied at the Pskov Governorate Gymnasium and in 1923 graduated the Leningrad Institute of Live Oriental Languages, specializing in Arabic. In 1924 he also graduated the history and philology faculty of the Leningrad State University. During that time was close with the OPOJAZ members. Kaverin also married the younger sister of Yury Tynyanov, Lidia and had two children Natalia and Nikolay. During World War II evacuation in Yaroslavl, Kaverin completed his best-known novel, "The Two Captains" (1938–44), which colourfully recounts the adventures of Russian polar explorers before and after the Revolution. The book, awarded the Stalin Prize in 1946, was reissued 42 times in 25 years and was adapted for the screen twice, in 1955 and 1976. In 1966, Kaverin published a revised version of his 1929 study of Osip Senkovsky, "Baron Brambeus". Later, he worked on his reminiscences about the literary milieu of the 1920s, which contained passages highly critical of Soviet policies in literature. As "The Moscow News" commented on his centenary, "Kaverin showed that even under the worst of conditions it is possible to retain one's human qualities and decency. His example is a reproach to so many other Soviet writers who sold their souls to the regime and committed reprehensible public acts". Kaverin is buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery in Moscow. Veniamin Kaverin Veniamin Alexandrovich Kaverin (; real name – Вениамин Абелевич Зильбер, or Veniamin Abelevich Zilber)(, Pskov – May 2, 1989, Moscow) was a Soviet writer associated with the early 1920s movement of the Serapion Brothers. Kaverin was born in a family of kapellmeister of the 96th Infantry Regiment out of Omsk, Abel Abramovich Zilber and his wife Hana Girshevna Desson who owned a chain of music stores. His older sister, Leia Abelevna Zilber, married Yury Tynyanov who was a classmate of the Kaverin's older brother Lev Zilber. Kaverin studied at the Pskov Governorate Gymnasium and | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Order of Entrepreneurial Merit The Order of Entrepreneurial Merit () is the most junior of the Portuguese civil orders of merit, and is intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in promoting appreciation or services in an economic sector. The Order has three categories: Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial; each of these correspond to specific related to the associated economic sectors, which is also reflected in the insignia of each category. Originally established on 4 June 1893 by Charles I during his visit to the city of Beja as the "Civil Order of Agricultural and Industrial Merit", the order was abolished with the founding of the Portuguese republic and reformulated in 1926. In 1991, it was renamed the "Order of Agricultural, Industrial and Commercial Merit" following the addition of a third class to recognise services rendered in connection with the trade and service sectors. Following legislation in 2011, the order received its present name, maintaining the three existing classes but extending the granting of the Commercial Class of Merit to the important tourism sector. Moreover, it is specifically provided for by the statutes of the order that it may be granted for the merit of workers in their respective sectors of activity. The order is awarded in three categories, each in five classes: Intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in the promotion or enhancement of agriculture and the livestock, fish and forest resources of the country. Intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in the promotion or enhancement of industry. Intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in the promotion or enhancement of commerce, tourism and related services. The star for all three categories is a nine-pointed enamel star, in green for the category of Agricultural Merit, in blue for the category of Commercial Merit and in red for the category of Industrial Merit. In the center of the star is the national coat of arms in gold, which is surrounded by a white enamel border with either "Agricultural," "Commercial" or "Industrial" Merit inscribed on it in capital gold-enamelled letters. The star is itself centered on a nine-pointed plaque, in gold for the degrees of Grand Cross and Grand Officer and in silver for the degree of Commander. Between each arm of the star is a five-pointed enamel star of the same colour as the star for the respective category of the order. The badge for all three categories is a miniature version of the star without the five-pointed stars between its arms. It is worn suspended from two crossed green enamel palms, at the end of a sash for the degree of Grand Cross, from a necklet for the degrees of Grand Officer and Commander, and from a ribbon on the left chest for the degrees of Officer and Medal. The ribbon for all three categories is of moire silk; it is green and white for the Agricultural category, blue and white for the commercial category and red and white for the Industrial category. Order of Entrepreneurial Merit The Order of Entrepreneurial Merit () is the most junior of the Portuguese civil orders of merit, and is intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in promoting appreciation or services in an economic sector. The Order has three categories: Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial; each of these correspond to specific related to the associated economic sectors, which is also reflected in the insignia of each category. | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Sandy Johnson (director) Sandy Johnson is a Scottish director who has directed episodes of "The Comic Strip Presents", "Inspector Morse", "A Touch of Frost", "The Ruth Rendell Mysteries", "Jonathan Creek" and "Auf Wiedersehen, Pet". His first full-length film was "Coast to Coast" (1987) written by Stan Hey and starring John Shea, Lenny Henry and Pete Postlethwaite. In Scotland he directed "Leaving" (1988), "The Gift" (1989) and "The Wreck on the Highway" (1990) starring Lynn Anderson. In 1989 he directed Defrosting The Fridge, written by Ray Connolly and starring Joe Don Baker. In the 1990s he directed "Gone to the Dogs", "Gone to Seed" and "Roughnecks". In Australia he directed "Supernova" starring Rob Brydon. He directed the final two episodes of the first series of "Kingdom" and a 2007 episode of "The Last Detective". In 2001 he directed "" starring Stephen Mangan and Alison Steadman, written by Sue Townsend. In 2008 he directed "Love Soup", written by David Renwick and starring Tamsin Greig, and Series 2-7 of "Benidorm" (29 episodes from 2008 to 2015) written by Derren Litten. In 1998 he won a BAFTA for Best Drama Series for "Jonathan Creek" and in 2009 won a BAFTA for "Harry & Paul" and in 2011 a third BAFTA for "Harry & Paul". While studying Drawing and Painting at Glasgow School of Art in the 1970s, he was also an actor. He played several roles with Strathclyde Theatre Group and on film including one of the Knights of Ni in Monty Python and the Holy Grail". In 2013 he directed "Big Bad World (TV series)" for Comedy Central starring Blake Harrison, Rebecca Humphries, Seann Walsh and David Fynn and "The Spa (TV series)" written by Derren Litten, starring Rebecca Front. In 2015 he directed the 8-part series "Cradle To Grave" written by Danny Baker and Jeff Pope, starring Peter Kay, Lucy Speed and Laurie Kynaston. Johnson's father Alfred managed a hotel near Loch Lomond which was frequented by celebrities and film stars touring the UK. Betty Hutton stayed there when appearing at the Glasgow Empire in 1952, also the likes of Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh, Glynis Johns, Richard Todd (whose Irish Wolfhounds were bigger than him), Jack Train, Kenneth Wolstenholme, Ralph Reader and Terence Rattigan. In 1955 Johnson (aged 2) was introduced to Tyrone Power who was visiting Glasgow to present Ruchill Hospital with equipment funded by the Roosevelt Memorial (Polio) Fund. Sandy Johnson (director) Sandy Johnson is a Scottish director who has directed episodes of "The Comic Strip Presents", "Inspector Morse", "A Touch of Frost", "The Ruth Rendell Mysteries", "Jonathan Creek" and "Auf Wiedersehen, Pet". His first full-length film was "Coast to Coast" (1987) written by Stan Hey and starring John Shea, Lenny Henry and Pete Postlethwaite. In Scotland he directed "Leaving" (1988), "The Gift" (1989) and "The Wreck on the Highway" (1990) starring Lynn Anderson. In 1989 he directed Defrosting The Fridge, written by Ray Connolly and starring Joe Don Baker. In the 1990s he directed "Gone to the Dogs", | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
1951 Salad Bowl The 1951 Salad Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Arizona State Sun Devils and the Miami Redskins. The Sun Devils were making their fourth bowl appearance in 11 years, and 2nd straight Salad Bowl after a 2nd place finish in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association Miami was making their second bowl appearance in three years after being champion of the Mid-American Conference. A fierce Miami defense held Arizona State All-American Wilford White to 106 yards rushing as for the fourth time the visiting team won the Salad Bowl. White was held to his second-lowest rushing total of the season, though he did rush for one touchdown and also caught a touchdown. But Miami had a 21–7 halftime lead, as the Sun Devils could only muster 14 points to Miami's 13 in the second half. A balanced offensive attack led the way for Miami, who became the third straight visiting team to win the Salad Bowl. John Pont got the scoring started with a touchdown run in the first quarter. Jim Bailey had 108 yards rushing and two touchdowns while quarterback Nobby Wirkowski completed 16 of 24 passes for 231 yards and one touchdown. The Redskins (later renamed the RedHawks) would wait 11 years to play in another bowl game. The Sun Devils would wait longer, until 1970. Doherty left the Sun Devils after the game, citing job security. Hayes also left, for Ohio State. 1951 Salad Bowl The 1951 Salad Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Arizona State Sun Devils and the Miami Redskins. The Sun Devils were making their fourth bowl appearance in 11 years, and 2nd straight Salad Bowl after a 2nd place finish in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association Miami was making their second bowl appearance | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Augustine Clarke Augustine Clarke (c. 1780—June 17, 1841) was a Vermont attorney, banker and politician who was a leader of the Anti-Masonic Party and served as Vermont State Treasurer. Details of Clarke’s birth are not known for certain. His name is sometimes spelled “Clark” and he appears to have been born in Richmond, Massachusetts in about 1780. He was baptized in Richmond on March 15, 1786. Clarke moved to Vermont and studied law, although the details of his relocation and studies are unknown. He was admitted to the bar in Wheelock in 1804. In 1806 he was appointed Wheelock’s first Postmaster. In 1806 Clarke was admitted to the bar in Danville. In 1808 he married Sophia Blanchard in Danville. Sophia Blanchard’s sister Sarah was the wife of William A. Palmer, who served as Governor and United States Senator. Palmer and Clarke became leaders of Vermont’s Anti-Masons. Clarke practiced law in Danville. An adherent of the National Republican Party, he served in local offices including Justice of the Peace. In 1820 he served on the Vermont Council of Censors, the body which met every seven years to review statutes passed by the Vermont General Assembly and ensure their constitutionality. In the 1820s Clarke also became active in the American Tract Society. In addition, he was an active member of the American Anti-Slavery Society. He served as Caledonia County Treasurer from 1822 to 1824, and Caledonia County Assistant Judge from 1824 to 1825. In 1826 he was appointed President of the Caledonia National Bank, succeeding Palmer, who had been the bank’s first President. Clarke represented Danville in the Vermont House of Representatives in 1824, 1828, 1830, and 1832. In 1830 Clarke was appointed one of Caledonia County’s three Commissioners of Jail Delivery. Clarke was named to the Committee to Erect the State House in 1832. He took part in planning and overseeing construction of the Second State House, which was in use from 1833 until it was destroyed by fire in 1856. Clarke was one of the founders of the Anti-Masonic movement. William Wirt carried Vermont as the 1832 presidential candidate of the Anti-Masonic Party. Clarke was one of Vermont’s electors, and cast his ballot for Wirt. Benjamin Swan had served as Vermont’s Treasurer beginning in 1800 and often ran unopposed or with only token opposition. In 1833 Clarke ran as an Anti-Mason and defeated Swan in the election for Treasurer. William A. Palmer had run successfully for Governor as an Anti-Mason in 1831, and Clarke’s victory at the polls was considered additional evidence of the Anti-Masonic Party’s viability in Vermont. In September, 1837 Clarke was named to the Anti-Masonic Party’s National Committee. Clarke served as Treasurer until running unsuccessfully for reelection in October, 1837. That year Clarke had the highest number of votes, but at 47.3% fell short of the majority required by the Vermont Constitution. In cases where no candidate receives a majority, the Vermont General Assembly votes. By then the Anti-Masonic Party’s popularity was on the wane and the nation was in the midst of the Panic of 1837, and Clarke did not win the legislative election. By 1839 the Anti-Masonic Party had dissolved and Clarke joined the Democratic Party. In July, 1839 he was appointed United States Pension Agent for the State of Vermont. Clarke’s wife died in 1833. He subsequently moved to Montpelier. In 1840, he married Julia Jewett Hubbard. Clarke died in Montpelier on June 17, 1841, and was buried at Montpelier’s Elm Street Cemetery. Augustine Clarke Augustine Clarke (c. 1780—June 17, 1841) was a Vermont attorney, banker and politician who was a leader of the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Lewis J. Clarke Lewis James Clarke (born 10 March 1927) was born in Carlton, Nottinghamshire, England. He is a landscape architect of the Modernist period. Clarke was one of Dean Henry L. Kamphoefner's early faculty members at the North Carolina State University School (now College) of Design, and has been recognised as the founder of several fields of study one of which was the introduction of ecological principles into the field of landscape architecture Clarke's parents lived in Gedling, Nottinghamshire, a small town near Carlton. He was the first of three children born to Roland and May Pringle Clarke. A sister, Aileen, married renowned commercial artist, Lancelot Jones; her twin brother, Graham Clarke (d. 2007) served in Korea and was noted for piloting the first hovercraft down the Oroonoko River on a trip sponsored by HRH the Duke of Edinburgh and the Geographical Magazine of The Royal Geographical Society in 1968. Clarke joined the Cub Scouts as soon as he was old enough and remained an active member of the Boy Scouts through his young adult life, earning the prestigious Wood Badge. Staying on as a troop leader as older men were drafted for World War II, Clarke was also a student at Loughborough then started his Diploma in Architecture at the University of Leicester. The first structure he designed during his studies as an architect was the 1st Nanpantan Troop's Headquarters still located on Nanpantan Road in Loughborough. Clarke's father built the front gates still in use and welded the insignias into the gate design. During World War II, Clarke served as an officer in the British Corps of Royal Engineers, GE 11 in Hong Kong. After the War, he returned to Leicester to complete his diploma and then enrolled at Kings College, University of Durham to become one of Brian Hackett's first three students to study landscape design. In 1951, Clarke was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship and a Smith Mundt grant to attend Harvard University's School of Design then under the leadership of Walter Chambers and Hideo Sasaki. Clarke graduated from Harvard in 1952 with a masters in landscape architecture. He has since been recognised as one of eight Sasaki era students whose work shaped the Modernist design period. His 1959 article, "Teaching People To See," publicised a new way to approach design in the landscape about which Clarke had been lecturing for several years. Clarke is one of the last surviving faculty members appointed by the founding dean, Henry L. Kamphoefner, of the North Carolina State University School (now College) of Design. Clarke served on the faculty beginning in 1952. In 1955, he was a presenter and panel member at the Aspen International Design Festival. Additionally, his 1950s research on plants in artificial environments culminated later in enclosed mall applications. His work with students on "regional reconnaissance" is now a commonplace part of the ecological field as overlay analysis. His early endoscopic camera investigations, and three-dimensional model box studies with students steadily became a key aspect of spatial form evaluation methodology. It could be said that the "model box" principle was a precursor to CAD. Also, during his teaching career Professor Clarke was visiting lecturer and design critic at various universities including the University of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Ball State, Harvard, Toronto, Michigan State, Louisiana State and Berkeley. While a professor, Clarke received two Distinguished Classroom Teacher Awards and an Outstanding Teacher Award. In 1961, Clarke was a Raleigh News & Observer "Tar Heel of the Week." Developing his practice while a faculty member, Clarke was a pioneer in ecologically sensitive resort master planning. In 1964, he officially opened his practice, Lewis Clarke Associates. A seminal work entitled "Design and Development Guide for Palmetto Dunes, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina" was published in the mid-1960s. Palmetto Dunes was followed by Keowee Key, SC; Carolina Lakes, and Carolina Trace, Sanford, NC; Linville Ridge in the Smokies; and Fords Colony, Williamsburg, VA. Resigning his faculty position in 1968, Clarke focused on his practice. His professional work includes early community college planning in NC and VA, and prototype enclosed mall projects in Charlotte, San Antonio, Pittsburgh, Louisville and Cherry Hill Mall in New Jersey. Lewis Clarke Associates designed the first master plans for the N.C. Zoological Park, Fayetteville Street Mall in Raleigh, Research Triangle Institute, and the Western Electric campus in Greensboro. Wayne Community Hospital in Goldsboro, Mount Olive College, and Saint Andrews College in Laurinburg are typical of his NC campus projects. Clarke received numerous professional awards including ASLA and AIA Excellence and Merit Awards, Progressive Architecture Annual Awards and AAN Awards, some presented by first ladies Lady Bird Johnson, Betty Ford, and Nancy Reagan. Clarke served as president of the local ASLA chapter, on the Raleigh Planning Commission, and the ASLA National Accreditation Committees. Clarke is a 1980 Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects (FASLA), a member emeritus of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects (NCASLA), a retired member of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), and a Mason of Lodge # _______. He continued to practice with his firm, Lewis Clarke Associates until 2000. Retired, he now consults, writes, and paints. Clarke's papers and the Lewis Clarke Associates' drawings and documents are archived at North Carolina State University Libraries Special Collections Research Center. Clarke has been a US citizen since the mid-1950s. He was married to Kit Swinson of Mt. Olive, North Carolina for twenty years. They have four children; Nigel, Jennifer, Rachel, Lisa, and three grandchildren; Katherine, Sarah, and Cody. Lewis J. Clarke Lewis James Clarke (born 10 March 1927) was born in Carlton, Nottinghamshire, England. He is a landscape architect of the Modernist period. Clarke was one of Dean Henry L. Kamphoefner's early faculty members at the North Carolina State University School (now College) of Design, and has been recognised as the founder of several fields of study one of which was the introduction of ecological principles into the field of landscape architecture Clarke's parents lived in | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Pat Keysell Pat Keysell (7 June 1926 – 31 October 2009) was a presenter of the BBC television series "Vision On" which ran from 1964 to 1976. She was also a mime artist and administrator. Keysell was born in Tooting, London and brought up in Petts Wood, Kent. She was educated in Orpington and trained in mime at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She later emigrated, returning to Britain in 1958 with her son, after having divorced her husband. Keysell worked as a personal assistant to Ursula Eason (1910–93) who was the Assistant Head of BBC Children's Television from 1955 to 1970. She made her debut with "For Deaf Children" in the late 1950s by introducing mime to the format, acted out by deaf actors. By the time of "Vision On" she was a production assistant with the BBC's Drama Department and went freelance in order to present the new programme. Keysell was involved in "Vision On" at a very early stage when the series started in 1964, being the presenter and assistant to Tony Hart. Many of her ideas were included in the very early shows which were initially broadcast once a month, but eventually weekly. It was Keysell who delivered the catch phrase "I'm sorry we can't return any of your pictures but we give a small prize for those that we do show" after the programme's 'Gallery' feature. Her main contribution to early BBC television was that she helped to bridge the gap between hearing and non-hearing viewers. She did this by addressing the television camera and using sign language as she spoke. Keysell was a mime teacher for the Royal National Institute for the Deaf (RNID) and in 1968 was awarded a Winston Churchill Fellowship to study with the National Theatre of the Deaf in the USA. On her return she set up a company also named the National Theatre of the Deaf. The American company threatened to sue and the name was promptly changed to British Theatre of the Deaf which became a professional touring company in 1974 and was the forerunner of later projects developed by other deaf people particularly Terry Ruane who was general manager. It is arguable that other opportunities for deaf actors like the course at Reading University developed from Keysell's earlier work. After "Vision On" ended in 1976, she wrote and produced two series of the storytelling programme "Under the Same Sun" (1978–79) for Yorkshire Television. The title originated from a theatre show she had recently done with the British Theatre of the Deaf, "Under the Sun", and followed the same format, using the same stories. In 1992 Keysell wrote a mime workshop book called "Mime Over Matter". She then worked at the Brewery Arts Centre in Cumbria and on other projects before settling in Eastbourne, Sussex from 1996. Keysell and Tony Hart were reunited over lunch shortly before Hart's death, not having seen each other since the "Vision On" series had finished. After touring her own Compass Storytelling shows for many years, Keysell studied storytelling as a healing art at Emerson College and Mindfields College, subsequently developing her work in day centres, Crowborough Hospital, working with the elderly, adults and children with a learning disability, the Sussex Association for the Blind, Shinewater Court (people with severe physical disabilities) and in the hearing impaired unit in Willingdon School. Until May 2006 Keysell was Artistic Director of Compass Community Arts, a registered charitable arts organisation working with all branches of the community based in her home town of Eastbourne. She was featured on the BBC community programme "See Hear" on 1 April 2009, where she talked about her career in television and education. She retired and went to live in Italy, where she died aged 83, survived by her son Michael. Pat Keysell Pat Keysell (7 June 1926 – 31 October 2009) was a presenter of the BBC television series "Vision On" which ran from 1964 to 1976. She was also a mime artist and administrator. Keysell was born in Tooting, London and brought up in Petts Wood, Kent. She was educated in Orpington and trained in mime at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She later emigrated, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
2008 in Strikeforce The year 2008 is the 3rd year in the history of Strikeforce, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. In 2008 Strikeforce held 8 events beginning with, "Strikeforce: Young Guns II". Strikeforce: Young Guns II was an event held on February 1, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: At The Dome was an event held on February 23, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Le was an event held on March 29, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Melendez vs. Thomson was an event held on June 27, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Young Guns III was an event held on September 13, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: At The Mansion II was an event held on September 20, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Payback was an event held on October 3, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Destruction was an event held on November 21, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. 2008 in Strikeforce The year 2008 is the 3rd year in the history of Strikeforce, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. In 2008 Strikeforce held 8 events beginning with, "Strikeforce: Young Guns II". Strikeforce: Young Guns II was an event held on February 1, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: At The Dome was an event held on February 23, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Le was an event held on | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Convoys Wharf Convoys Wharf, formerly called the King's Yard, is the site of Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Dockyards, built on a riverside site in Deptford, by the River Thames in London. It was first developed in 1513 by Henry VIII to build vessels for the Royal Navy. Convoys Wharf also covers most of the site of Sayes Court manor house and gardens, home of diarist John Evelyn. The site was owned until 2008 by News International, which used it to import newsprint and other paper products from Finland until early 2000. It is now owned by Hutchison Whampoa Limited and is subject to a planning application to convert it into residential units, although a large part of the site has safeguarded wharf status. The eastern area adjoining Watergate Street was Palmers Wharf. The King's Yard was established in 1513 by Henry VIII as the first Royal Dockyard building vessels for the Royal Navy, and the leading dockyard of the period. It brought a large population and prosperity to Deptford. The docks are also associated with the knighting of Sir Francis Drake by Queen Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind, the legend of Sir Walter Raleigh laying down his cape for Elizabeth, Captain James Cook's third voyage aboard Resolution, Frobisher’s and Vancouver’s voyages of discovery, despatching ships against the Spanish Armada, as well as for Nelson’s battles including Trafalgar. In 1698 Tsar Peter I of Russia aged 25, came to Deptford to learn about shipbuilding and seamanship. He was granted the use of John Evelyn’s Sayes Court, adjoining the Royal Dockyard, by William III. In three months he and his party caused considerable damage to the famous gardens, and also to the house, with "much of the furniture broke, lost or destroyed". Sir Christopher Wren was instructed to survey the property and declared it "entirely ruined". At the mouth of Deptford Creek, on the Fairview Housing estate, there is a statue, designed by Mihail Chemiakin and gifted by Russia commemorating Peter's visit. By the 18th century, due to the silting of the Thames, the dockyard's use was restricted to ship building and distributing stores to other yards and fleets abroad. It was shut down from 1830 to 1844 and in 1864 a Parliamentary Committee recommended that the dockyards at Deptford (and Woolwich) should be closed. Their recommendation was accepted and the Deptford dockyard was closed in May 1869, by which time it employed 800 people. It had produced some 450 ships, the last being the wooden screw corvette HMS "Druid" launched in 1869. Before refrigeration cattle had to be imported alive, and the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act 1869 gave the City of London Corporation exclusive local authority for foreign animal imports and processing subject to its opening a market before January 1872. The complete site at Deptford, including a lease on the LB&SCR docks, was acquired and the market opened in 1871, By 1889 the site had been extended to . In 1907 at its peak, 184,971 cattle and 49,350 sheep were imported through the market but by 1912 these figures had declined to 21,547 cattle and 11,993 sheep. The Foreign Cattle Market was taken over by the War Department in 1914, on a tenancy agreement from the City of London Corporation, for use as the Royal Army Service Corps Supply Reserve Depot. On several occasions after the Armistice traders and others urged that the market should be reopened, however in 1924 the War Office exercised their option to buy it along with the adjacent the Sayes Court property for £400,500 () under deeds dated 25 March 1926, 18 March 1927 & 25 July 1927 including the railway, tramway, wharfage and jetty rights and easements. The Royal Naval Victualling Depot operated here which included a rum store. During the Second World War a bomb destroyed one of the storehouses and killed a number of men, a plaque was visible in the early 1970s commemorating this tragedy. During the war, because of the Blitz some of the stores were dispersed to various locations including Park Royal. The yard also served as a United States' Advance Amphibious Vehicle base and married quarters during the Second World War. On the closure of the Victualling Depot in the 1960s the establishment was renamed The Royal Naval Stores Depot and moved to a new building within Convoys Wharf. The Depot was the main Air Freight hub for the RN and was particularly busy during the Falklands War. It also continued as the central RN Stationery Store and Joint Services Baggage operations. The Depot closed in 1981. The site purchased by News International from the UK Ministry of Defence for £1,600,000 (), and a remainder in 1986, for £340,000 (). In 1993 the Greenwich and Lewisham (London Borough Boundaries) Order transferred the site from the London Borough of Greenwich to the London Borough of Lewisham. Most of the Tudor, Stuart, Georgian and Victorian structures above ground level that had survived until 1955 have since been destroyed. One structure that escaped the demolition is Olympia Warehouse, a unique cast-iron building constructed in the 1840s. However archaeological surveys carried out by CgMs and Pre-Construct Archaeology in 2000 by Duncan Hawkins, in 2000 by Jon Lowe and in 2001 by David Divers, established that by far the greater part of the dockyard survives as buried structures filled in intact between 1869 and 1950. The structures of the yard proper, the docks, slips, basins, mast ponds, landing places and stairs, constitute a substantial architectural fabric that is currently extant, though largely invisible, being covered by superficial accretion or infill. As yet there has been no archaeological investigation of the garden area of Sayes Court, and only limited trial trenching of part of the manor house. In October 2013 Deptford Dockyard and Sayes Court garden were added to the World Monuments Fund's 2014 watch list. The War Department hired the Sayes Court area and almshouses, from the City of London Corporation from 19 September 1914 to use as a Horse Transport Reserve Depot at a rental of £90 per annum (), to enlarge its Supply Reserve Depot at the Foreign Cattle Market. The fee simple of the Foreign Cattle Market and of the Sayes Court property were purchased by the War Department, for £400,500 (), under deeds dated 25 March 1926, 18 March 1927 & 25 July 1927 including the railway, tramway, wharfage and jetty rights and easements. From 15 December 1900 there was tramway access via Grove Street, to the Foreign Cattle Market, using their own Maudslay petrol locomotive. When the docks became an army depot the junction was relaid to standard gauge for direct connection to the LB&SCR. There was as well, an internal narrow gauge tramway system. When the War Department took over, they introduced steam locomotives to work the tramways, purchasing between 1915 and 1917, twelve oil-fired Warril type gauge locomotives from the Hunslet Engine Company. In December 1920 the Government announced the sale of the equipment from the railway at the Deptford Meat Depot. In 1921 Sir Robert Walker purchased three locos and 75 wagons for the Sand Hutton Light Railway, and purchased a fourth 1927. By January 1938 of the remaining eight locos, seven were apparently still in existence at Deptford, but out of use. In October 2000, 'Creekside Forum' set up the 'Convoys Opportunity' umbrella group in response to the News International Ltd plan to sell the Convoys Wharf site. Convoys Opportunity, composed of community organisations, churches, businesses and others in Deptford and beyond, campaigned to have the News International scheme refused and the safeguarding order upheld. In 2002 News International applied to the London Borough of Lewisham for outline planning permission to erect 3,500 residential units on the site. Lewisham councillors resolved to approve the application in May 2005. The Grade II listed Olympia Warehouse would have to be preserved and refurbished as part of the redevelopment of the site. New | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
eight locos, seven were apparently still in existence at Deptford, but out of use. In October 2000, 'Creekside Forum' set up the 'Convoys Opportunity' umbrella group in response to the News International Ltd plan to sell the Convoys Wharf site. Convoys Opportunity, composed of community organisations, churches, businesses and others in Deptford and beyond, campaigned to have the News International scheme refused and the safeguarding order upheld. In 2002 News International applied to the London Borough of Lewisham for outline planning permission to erect 3,500 residential units on the site. Lewisham councillors resolved to approve the application in May 2005. The Grade II listed Olympia Warehouse would have to be preserved and refurbished as part of the redevelopment of the site. New International engaged Richard Rogers to develop a masterplan for the site. If the Mayor allowed the application it would then be referred to the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government. Reasons for such a referral would include a Government direction that half the site is safeguarded for freight use. Since freight wharves on the Thames were safeguarded in 1997 by the then Secretary of State for the Environment, John Gummer, only one operational wharf has been lost to residential use without a full public inquiry. This was Delta/Blackwall Wharf, a major aggregates wharf redeveloped as part of the Greenwich Peninsula masterplan. On 18 May 2005 a 50/50 joint venture company of Cheung Kong Holdings and Hutchison Whampoa entered into an agreement to acquire Convoys Wharf, to develop it as a mixed residential and commercial project, with News International retaining a profit share in the sale of the luxury homes proposed. In 2008 a new planning application was submitted by Hutchison based largely on the original Richard Rogers scheme. In July 2011 Hutchison Whampoa engaged Aedas to develop a new masterplan for the site and submitted an amendment planning application. Then in early 2012 Hutchison appointed Terry Farrell to revise the masterplan for the site and submitted a planning application in April 2013. In September 2011 a group of local residents launched a campaign, with the name "Deptford Is.." to oppose the masterplan proposed by the developers. They have proposed a couple of projects to connect to the history of the area and benefit the local community. These are the Lenox project (see below) and Sayes Court Garden. On 17 October 2013, Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London called in the application. In January 2014 Lewisham Council's strategic planning committee recommended that the outline planning application for Convoys Wharf in its current form be rejected. On 22 January 2014 Dame Joan Ruddock challenged the government to recognise the unique heritage features of the site. On 31 March 2014 the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, approved plans to build up to 3,500 new homes on the Convoys Wharf site that has been derelict for since 2000. In 2013 the Lenox Project put forward a formal proposal to build a full-size sailing replica of HMS "Lenox", a 70-gun ship of the line originally built at Deptford Dockyard in 1678. The ship would actually be constructed on the dockyard site, and would form the centrepiece of a purpose-built museum which would remain as a permanent part of the development of Convoys Wharf. By late 2015 the project had gathered momentum, with more detailed plans fitting the building of the "Lenox" into the overall development of this part of Deptford. The 2015 Feasibility Study identified the Safeguarded Wharf at the Western end of the Convoys Wharf site as the most suitable place for the dry-dock where the ship herself would be built; the existing but disused canal entrance could then be modified to provide an entrance for the dock as well as a home berth for the finished ship. It is hoped that the "Lenox" will provide a focus for the regeneration of the area as the comparable replica ship "Hermione" did for Rochefort in France. Convoys Wharf Convoys Wharf, formerly called the King's Yard, is the site of Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Dockyards, built on a riverside site in Deptford, by the River Thames in London. It was first developed in 1513 by Henry VIII to build vessels for | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Protected areas of Brazil Protected areas of Brazil included various classes of area according to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), a formal, unified system for federal, state and municipal parks created in 2000. Protected areas, also called conservation units, are divided into different categories according to their goals. These are defined by Law No. 9.985 of 18 July 2000, which established the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). Objectives include conservation of nature, sustainable development, scientific research, education and eco-tourism, Fully protected units are expected to maintain the natural ecosystem without human interference. Sustainable use units allow sustained use of renewable environmental resources while maintaining biodiversity and other ecological attributes. The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, which administers Federal units, defines the fully protected ("proteção integral") classes of unit as: The sustainable use units are: In addition, some states designate areas as ecological reserve (). Although not technically protected areas, indigenous territories () give the indigenous people full rights over the area, and serve as an obstacle to deforestation, mining and large-scale agriculture. As of 2016 there were 700 Indigenous Territories in Brazil, covering about 13.8%% of the country's land area. Most of them were in the Amazon Legal. The SNUC law defines a protected area mosaic as a collection of protected areas of the same or different categories that are near to each other, adjoining each other or overlapping, and that should be managed as a whole. Given the different categories of conservation unit and other protected areas in a mosaic, the different conservation goals must be considered. In addition to fully protected and sustainable use conservation units a mosaic may include private lands and indigenous territories. The SNUC law also recognises ecological corridors as portions of natural or semi-natural ecosystems linking protected areas that allow gene flow and movement of biota, recolonization of degraded areas and maintenance of viable populations larger than would be possible with individual units. The federal Ecological Corridor Project has its roots at least as far back as 1993. It has identified seven major corridors, with focus on implementing and learning from the Central Amazon Corridor and the Central Atlantic Forest Corridor. As of 2004 federally-administered conservation units covered 7.23% of Brazilian territory, below the level of 10% recommended by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Federal coverage was: Levels of protection vary considerably depending on the biome. Federal coverage as of 2005 was: Protected areas are subject to reduction, reclassification or declassification (RRD). Between 1981 and 2010 an area of was downgraded or lost in this way, with almost 70% of cases occurring since 2008. The main cause was making land available for hydroelectric dams in the Amazon region. Other reasons were property speculation and agribusiness. Protected areas of Brazil Protected areas of Brazil included various classes of area according to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), a formal, unified system for federal, state and municipal parks created in 2000. Protected areas, also called conservation units, are divided | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
An Innocent Man (song) "An Innocent Man" is a 1983 song performed by Billy Joel and the third single from his album "An Innocent Man". The song, whose musical style is an homage to Ben E. King and The Drifters, reached #10 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, the third consecutive top 10 single from the album. It also spent one week at #1 on the "Billboard" adult contemporary chart. Joel was quoted in a 1997 interview describing the high notes he sang during the song: "I had a suspicion that was going to be the last time I was going to be able to hit those notes, so why not go out in a blaze of glory? That was the end of Billy's high note." No music video was made for this song. An Innocent Man (song) "An Innocent Man" is a 1983 song performed by Billy Joel and the third single from his album "An Innocent Man". The song, whose musical style is an homage to Ben E. King and The Drifters, reached #10 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, the third consecutive top 10 single from the album. It also spent one week at #1 on the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Sant'Antonio di Padova, Santa Maria Nuova Sant'Antonio di Padova is a Neoclassic-style, Roman Catholic church located facing Piazza Magagnini in the town of Santa Maria Nuova, region of Marche, Italy. The church was designed in 1793 by the architect Mattia Capponi, but only built in 1884. The altar has a modern polychrome ceramic decoration by Vitali da Foligno and an organ from the 18th century. It has two altarpieces of note: an "Enthroned Madonna with Child and Saints Roch and Sebastian" (1598) by Filippo Bellini, and an "Immaculate Conception with San Filippo Neri and San Nicola da Bari" (1658) by Marcantonio Aquilini. The ceiling has a fresco painted by the Caprari of Osimo depicting a veduta of town of Santa Maria Nuova in the 1920s, as well as three saints venerated by peasants and herders: San Vincenzo Ferreri (Protector against Lightning), Sant'Emidio (Protector against earthquakes) e Sant'Antonio Abate (Protector of farm animals). Sant'Antonio di Padova, Santa Maria Nuova Sant'Antonio di Padova is a Neoclassic-style, Roman Catholic church located facing Piazza Magagnini in the town of Santa Maria Nuova, region of Marche, Italy. The church was designed in 1793 by the architect Mattia Capponi, but only built in 1884. The altar | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Daphne's Flight Daphne’s Flight was an album that resulted from a collaboration between five of the most highly regarded female vocalists, instrumentalist and songwriters in the British folk and root music scene: Christine Collister, Melanie Harrold, Julie Matthews, Helen Watson and Chris While. The collaboration resulted in a highly regarded album and a sell out tour. The project helped to cement relationships between the members, raised their individual profiles nationally and internationally and has been seen as marking a turning point in the role of women within the English folk movement. The group made their début at the 1995 Cambridge Folk Festival, where they were one of the hits of the event. This was followed by a major concert at London's prestigious Union Chapel in December. In January 1996 they recorded their eponymous album in ten days, fitted between busy schedules, in The Big Room, Kirk Michael, the Isle of Man. The studio had to be completed by builders working though the night. The album is marked by some the member's best writing and some highly successful covers, all tracks are notable for the rich harmonies between the singers. The result was very positively reviewed in the folk and roots music press and gained considerable mainstream press and media attention. The group followed the release with a popular major 18-date tour of England through May and June 1996. The project proved a one off for the time being as the members pursued their own careers, but they have appeared on and contributed to each other’s albums and live appearances. Partial reunions have occurred for specific gigs, and in 2003 at the Prebendal Festival they reassembled for a reunion. Daphne's Flight (First Album) 1996 Knows Time, Knows Change 2017 Daphne's Flight Daphne’s Flight was an album that resulted from a collaboration | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
América Football Club (CE) América Football Club, is an association football club based in Fortaleza, the capital of the north-east Brazilian state of Ceará. The club was founded on November 11, 1920 and plays home games at Estádio Presidente Vargas, which has a maximum capacity of 23,000 people. América's mascot used to be a devil, but it was replaced with an eagle in the early 1990s. The club is primarily of historic importance in its home state. Greatest achievements were the Championships of the State of Ceará of 1935 and 1966. In the years 1933, 1934, 1940, 1943, 1948 and 1954 América was runner up of the competition. In 1967 América qualified as state champion of 1966 for participation in the Taça Brasil, the national championship competition of those days. América won there the "Grupo Norte da Zona Norte da Taça Brasil", winning both finals against the Champion of Pará, Paysandu SC from Belém, 1–0. In October 1967 a crowd of 40,000 witnessed when América was eliminated from the competition after a 0–1 home defeat against Náutico from Recife. After the state championship in 1935 América, alongside Flamengo, SC Argentino and Duque de Caxias, broke away from the league to establish, without lasting success, an alternative association. América returned to the fold in 1938. Between 1921 and 1997 América played 64 seasons in the first state division. After 1997 the club played for seven years in the second division before being relegated to the third level where it also suffered a few relegations. A first place in 2013 afforded it a return to the second division in 2014. A formative figure in the history of the club was the journalist and radio broadcaster Alberto Damasceno, who was president of the club for 23 years before he passed on the office to his son Gian Paolo Damasceno in the mid of the first decade of the 2000s. The most remarkable player in the history of the club was José Ribamar de Oliveira "Canhoteiro", sometimes considered the left wing pendant to Garrincha. He played for América from 1949 until his move to São Paulo FC in 1953. The basketball team of the club dominated in Ceará during the 1960s and won the state championships of 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966 and 1967. The futsal team was similarly dominant and won altogether eight state championships in the years 1957, 1958, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1969. América Football Club (CE) América Football Club, is an association football club based in Fortaleza, the capital of the north-east Brazilian state of Ceará. The club was founded on November 11, 1920 and plays home games at Estádio Presidente Vargas, which has a maximum capacity of 23,000 people. América's mascot used to be a devil, but it was replaced with an eagle in the early 1990s. The club is primarily of historic importance in its home state. Greatest achievements were the Championships of the State of Ceará of 1935 and 1966. In the years 1933, 1934, 1940, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Albert Raisner Albert Raisner (30 September 1922 in Apolda, Germany – 1 January 2011 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France) was a French harmonica player, founder of the award-winning Trio Raisner and a TV and radio host and producer. He was the host of the hit show Age Tendre et Tetes de Bois, which aired from 1961 to 1967 and featured world-renowned artists including The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Stevie Wonder, Isaac Hayes and French singers Johnny Hallyday and Claude Francois. He is regarded as an icon and a pioneer of French television, sometimes compared to Ed Sullivan, and was knighted by the French president in 1977. Born in Thuringia of a French father and a German mother, Albert Raisner arrived in Paris at age 7. His socially modest family lived in Montmartre in the 18th arrondissement of the capital in a 400 square feet apartment. He had two brothers, one older, one younger. His father, a sales representative and music enthusiast, taught him violin, piano, trumpet, guitar and clarinet early on. Albert Raisner thereby acquired classical musical training; nevertheless, harmonica was his favorite instrument. His first audience was that of the boy scouts of which he was a member. He played during vigils around camp fire. Thereafter, he refined his talent with musician Charles Rodriguez (a gypsy guitarist, violinist, man band and harmonica pioneer in France). Until 1939, he participated in the activities of Studio Rodriguez (officially 'French Association for Musical Expansion') and became known in the entertainment world. He joined legendary gypsy guitarist Django Reinhardt on tour. Albert Raisner would also participate in the circus world, with Cirque Pinder, where he learned trapeze. He studied at Colbert High School before spending a year at Ecole Normale d'Auteuil, both in Paris, and earning a Ph.D. in linguistics. A teenager during the Second World War, he experienced food rationing and the bombing of his street. He joined the Resistance in Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne in Correze in Free France. During the war, Albert Raisner joined the semi-clandestine jazz underworld and created the Club for Harmonica ('CHARM'). With Sirio Rossi and Adrien Belin, Albert Raisner formed the Trio Raisner, which would become a regular feature of radio and TV programs. The trio was recruited to play during shows for the American Army in Europe. The Trio Raisner earned large-scale success upon D-Day and at Liberation with the American Special Service (an effort to provide entertainment for US-soldiers in Europe) in Frankfurt where he shared scene and airtime with Frank Sinatra, Louis Armstrong, Marlene Dietrich, Elvis Presley, Ella Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington. Thereafter, the Trio Raisner performed numerous, highly successful shows and tours in France. More than solely musicians, members of the trio were showmen, musical scene pioneers, mixing harmonica, songs, dances and humor. Soon after, the trio toured out of France including in countries such as Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Israel. It was also featured numerous times on international radio channels and in movies. Albert Raisner kept composing his trio's songs, and in 1952 the Trio Raisner received the 'Grand Prix du Disque' (Best Song of the Year award) for 'Le Canari'. The trio dissolved at the end of the 1950s, and Albert Raisner continued his harmonicist career as a solo artist. He hosted the first part of Chuck Berry's Olympia concert. He also wrote a book, "Le Livre de l'Harmonica", in which he retraces the history of the musical instrument, his users, as well as his own history as a musician. Albert Raisner was among the first hosts of the "Jeu des 1000 Francs", one of the longest-running French radio programs. Albert Raisner created his signature show "Age Tendre et Tete de Bois" in 1961, which would become a staple of French TV and a legendary program. It was a music show on prime time, Saturday night, on France's unique TV channel, RTF. Even if created with modest means, the show met with immediate, overwhelming success. Shows were filmed at the Golf-Drouot, at the Moulin de la Gallette and at the Cite Universitaire. Albert Raisner became the leading talent discoverer and was among the first to air rock 'n' roll music. An iconic figure of the 'ye-ye' era (1960s), he introduced to France and supported many French, American and international artists including Ray Charles, Gene Vincent, Johnny Hallyday, The Beatles, Sheila, Claude Francois, Henri Salvador, the Beach Boys, Eddy Mitchell, Joan Baez, Dalida, Salvatore Adamo, Michel Polnareff, Stevie Wonder, Gigiola Cinquietti, Enrico Macias, Sylvie Vartan, Francois Hardy and Adriano Celentano. The show was remembered for its jovial, high energy style, its duplexes and multiplexes with artists around the world, the close proximity between the audience and the stars, and the prohibition of play-back. Albert Raisner also designed the show's mascot, the 'Bonhomme Tete de Bois', to his image. In 1963, Raisner created a German-French co-production, "Rendez-vous sur le Rhin", which will soon evolve to include 7 European countries to be renamed 'Europarty'. He even twice set up a bilateral show in Moscow, aired in France and the USSR, live and in Russian – a unique achievement at the time of the Cold War. Starting 1968, Albert Raisner was the host for "Samedi et Compagnie". The shows changed its name in 1971 to become "Samedi et Vous". Albert Raisner also hosted "Point Chaud" which starred Isaac Hayes, Hugues Aufray and Many Dibango. He also travelled to the United States several times and covered the Woodstock Festival for French TV. In 1973, he wrote a book retracing the history of 1960 and 1970 music, "L'Aventure Pop". After "Point Chaud", Raisner created the music show "Tremplin 80" and hosted it until 1983. He stepped away from TV thereafter to raise his two sons, even though he continued to be present on radio shows and participated in tours and concerts in Europe. Albert Raisner made a comeback on TV in 1990 with "Age Tendre", on channel Antenne 2, which linked artists from the 1960s to those of the 1990s. He hosted Vanessa Paradis, among others. In the mid-1990s, he hosted 'Salut Albert' on Radio Montmartre, before hosting a show on Europe 1 at the end of the 1990s. He also kept participating in tours including one on the ship Queen Elizabeth II with Petula Clark. At age 88, he died of respiratory insufficiency at hospital Ambroise Pare in Boulogne-Billancourt. Albert Raisner married , Miss France 1978. They had two sons, Richard and Remy Raisner. He was also a member of Mensa International, a social organization whose members are in the top 2% of intelligence as measured by an IQ test entrance exam. Grand Prix du Disque (1952) Chevalier de l'ordre national du Mérite (1978) Médaille de la ville de Paris A harmonica pioneer, he contributed to popularize his instrument in France. He is considered as one of the best harmonicists of all times. On television, he was among the first to create a TV show for teenagers. He launched countless artists who went on to international success. He was also among the first TV hosts to become a producer as well. He thereby contributed to change in the entertainment industry's functioning. Always avant-gardist, he was one of the first host/producers to propose shooting live in other or simultaneous countries. His TV shows' excerpts are nowadays oftentimes relayed by media. A widely successful tour featuring 1960s and 1970s French and international artists was named "Age Tendre et Tetes de Bois" in his honor. A harmonica song he wrote and played is still, today, and after decades, the theme of a leading Japanese radio show. -Âge tendre et tête de bois -Tête de bois et tendres années -Rendez-vous sur le Rhin -Europarty -Samedi et compagnie -Samedi et vous -Point chaud -Tremplin 80 -Âges tendres -Le Jeu des 1000 francs -Salut Albert -Le Livre de l'harmonica, Presses du Temps Présent, Paris, 1961, 223 p. -Méthode générale pour | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
change in the entertainment industry's functioning. Always avant-gardist, he was one of the first host/producers to propose shooting live in other or simultaneous countries. His TV shows' excerpts are nowadays oftentimes relayed by media. A widely successful tour featuring 1960s and 1970s French and international artists was named "Age Tendre et Tetes de Bois" in his honor. A harmonica song he wrote and played is still, today, and after decades, the theme of a leading Japanese radio show. -Âge tendre et tête de bois -Tête de bois et tendres années -Rendez-vous sur le Rhin -Europarty -Samedi et compagnie -Samedi et vous -Point chaud -Tremplin 80 -Âges tendres -Le Jeu des 1000 francs -Salut Albert -Le Livre de l'harmonica, Presses du Temps Présent, Paris, 1961, 223 p. -Méthode générale pour l'harmonica, Hohner, 1966 -L’Aventure pop, Robert Laffont, Paris, 1973, 303 p. -Harmonica diatonique et chromatique facile : 30 standards... (Facile), 1993 -Trio Raisner, Enregistrements originaux 1948-1953 -La Magia de la Armonica -Trio Raisner, classique et danse -Baile con Albert Raisner -Le Roi de l'harmonica -Harmonica parade -1955: Les Évadés -1959: Deux hommes dans Manhattan -1961: Léon Morin, prêtre -1963: L'Aîné des Ferchaux Albert Raisner Albert Raisner (30 September 1922 in Apolda, Germany – 1 January 2011 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France) was a French harmonica player, founder of the award-winning Trio Raisner and a TV and radio host | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Mersin Orthodox Church Mersin Orthodox Church ( is a church in Mersin, Turkey. The church is at is to the south of Mersin Halkevi and to the west of Mersin Atatürk Monument. It is to İsmet İnönü Boulevard and to the Mediterranean Sea coast. The church has been built in 1870 during the Ottoman Empire era. Its building area was donated by Dimitri Nadir and Tannus Nadir and it was commissioned by Christians who migrated from Syria and Lebanon (then parts of the Ottoman Empire). According to an inscription it was dedicated to Mihail Athangelos (Michael). According to one source it was also dedicated to Gabriel. The church is under the control of the Antiochian Orthodox Church. Mersin Orthodox Church Mersin Orthodox Church ( is a church in Mersin, Turkey. The church is at is to the south of Mersin Halkevi and to the west of Mersin Atatürk Monument. It is to İsmet İnönü Boulevard and to the Mediterranean Sea coast. The church has been built in 1870 during the Ottoman Empire era. Its building area was donated by Dimitri Nadir and Tannus Nadir and it was commissioned by Christians who migrated from Syria and Lebanon (then parts of the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Yonggwang Station (South Hamgyong) Yŏnggwang Station is a railway station in Yŏnggwang-ŭp, Yŏnggwang county, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea on the Sinhŭng Line of the Korean State Railway, and is the starting point of the narrow gauge Changjin Line. There are facilities for servicing the locomotives and rolling stock of the narrow gauge line here, as well as a six-track transloading yard between the standard and narrow gauge lines. The station, originally called Oro Station, was opened on 10 June 1923 by the Sinhŭng Railway as part of the first section of its Hamnam Line between Hamhŭng and here. The Sinhŭng Railway was bought and absorbed by the Chosen Railway on 22 April 1938. It received its current name after the establishment of the DPRK. Yonggwang Station (South Hamgyong) Yŏnggwang Station is a railway station in Yŏnggwang-ŭp, Yŏnggwang county, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea on the Sinhŭng Line of the Korean State Railway, and is the starting point of the narrow gauge Changjin Line. There are facilities for servicing the locomotives and rolling stock of the narrow gauge line here, as well as a six-track transloading yard between the standard and narrow gauge lines. The station, originally called Oro Station, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Michael Jackson (anthropologist) Michael D. Jackson (born 1940) is a New Zealand poet and anthropologist who has taught in anthropology departments at Massey University, the Australian National University, Indiana University Bloomington, and the University of Copenhagen. He is currently distinguished professor of world religions at Harvard Divinity School. Jackson is the founder of existential anthropology, a non-traditional sub-field of anthropology using ethnographic methods and drawing on traditions of phenomenology, existentialism, and critical theory, as well as American pragmatism, in exploring the human condition from the perspectives of both lifeworlds and worldviews, histories and biographies, collective representations and individual realities. The struggle for being involves a struggle to reconcile shared and singular experiences, acting and being acted upon, being for others and being for oneself. But rather than polarise subject and object, Jackson emphasises the intersubjective negotiations at the heart of all relationships – whether between persons, persons and things, persons and language – and shows that being-in-the-world consists of endless dilemmas and constant oscillations in consciousness that admit of only temporary, imagined, narrative or ritualised resolutions. Insofar as anthropological understanding is attained through conversations and events in which the ethnographer's prejudices, ontological assumptions, and emotional dispositions are at play, the ethnographer cannot pretend to be an impartial observer, producing objective knowledge. Jackson's published work fully discloses the contexts in which understandings are negotiated, arrived at, or, in some instances, unattainable. Jackson's recent books have explored diverse topics such as well-being in one of the world's poorest societies ("Life Within Limits"), the relation between religious experience and limit situations ("The Palm at the End of the Mind"), the interplay between egocentric and sociocentric modes of being ("Between One and One Another"), and writing as a technology for creating connections that transcend the limits of ordinary communication ("The Other Shore"). He has conducted fieldwork among the Kuranko of Sierra Leone from 1969, among the Warlpiri of Australia's Northern Territory between 1989 and 1991, and among the Kuku Yalangi of Cape York Peninsula in 1993 and 1994. His poetry has appeared in "Poetry NZ". and in the Poetry Archive (UK). One critic wrote: In "Dead Reckoning", Jackson deploys "a navigator’s term for estimating one’s location based upon extrapolations of distance and direction from one’s last-known position. The eponymous poem cements the metaphor’s connection to personal identity..." In "Being of Two Minds" (2012), Jackson explores the existential quandaries of being torn between seemingly irreconcilable affections, identifications, and places of personal anchorage. The critic Vincent O'Sullivan writes, "What one hears in his readings is the modest, confidant, international voice that drives his poems, the conversing of a man who, as ever, is on one road to find another." Jackson holds a Bachelor of Arts from Victoria University of Wellington, a Master of Arts (postgraduate) from the University of Auckland, and a Doctor of Philosophy from Cambridge University. Michael Jackson (anthropologist) Michael D. Jackson (born 1940) is a New Zealand poet and anthropologist who has taught in anthropology departments at Massey University, the Australian National University, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Stavanger Peninsula Stavanger Peninsula () is a peninsula in Rogaland county, Norway. The peninsula is named for the city of Stavanger, located on its northeastern shore and it includes the most populous parts of Greater Stavanger. The peninsula extends from a line between the Sandnes harbour at the southern end of the Gandsfjorden straight west to the village of Ølbør in Sola. This line runs just south of Stavanger Airport. The peninsula is delimited by the Gandsfjorden, Boknafjorden, Byfjorden, and the North Sea. Stavanger Peninsula comprises mainland Stavanger and Randaberg municipalities, as well as parts of Sandnes and Sola municipalities. The name "Stavanger Peninsula" can sometimes be used interchangeably with "North Jæren" (), but the former is a geographical region, while the latter is a political definition. Stavanger Peninsula Stavanger Peninsula () is a peninsula in Rogaland county, Norway. The peninsula is named for the city of Stavanger, located on its northeastern shore and it includes the most populous parts of Greater Stavanger. The peninsula extends from a line between the Sandnes harbour at the southern end of the Gandsfjorden straight west to the village of Ølbør in Sola. This line runs just south of Stavanger Airport. The peninsula is | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
The Blazing Sun (1950 film) The Blazing Sun is a 1950 American western film directed by John English, which stars Gene Autry, Lynne Roberts, and Anne Gwynne. Gene Autry is a private investigator for a banking association, on the trail of two bank robbers, Al Bartlett and Trot Lucas. Bartlett and Lucas waylay Larry Taylor, a doctor on his way to the town of White Water to treat a train engineer who was wounded by the bank robbers, and Taylor’s assistant, Helen Ellis. Stealing the couple’s horses, they leave them stranded. Autry rides out from White Water heading towards Los Robles, where the doctor was summoned from, to see what is keeping him. Coming upon the couple, he lets Larry ride Champion, Autry’s horse, into White Water to get help, while he stays with Helen for protection. Larry returns shortly and the three ride into White Water. In Los Robles, Helen’s father, a prospector, enlists the help of a local assayer, Ben Luber, to evaluate the quality of some ore he has extracted. Ben tells Tom Ellis that he will need mining equipment to mine the ore, and his willing to lend him the money for it, in exchange for an interest in the mine. Ben and his brother, Carl, are partners with Bartlett and Lucas. When they go up to the hideout of the two bank robbers, they see Autry approaching, trying to track down the two bandits. Ben releases the two horses which were stolen from Doc Taylor and Helen, which Autry takes off after. Ben and Carl follow, and overpower Autry, who they accuse of stealing the horses, and take him into Los Robles. Autry is quickly cleared, and enlists the help of an old friend, Mike, to continue the search outside of town for Bartlett and Lucas. While camping out that night, they see Ben driving back into town late at night. The following day, Autry publicly confronts Ben about his trip the previous night. Flustered, Ben makes up a story about two of his horses being stolen (which he has actually taken up to Lucas and Bartlett). When Sheriff Phillips raises a posse to go after the non-existent thieves, Ben sends them in the wrong direction. When Autry refuses to join the posse, Phillips has him put in jail for safe-keeping, until the posse returns. However, Bartlett robs the town’s bank since the sheriff is away, and Helen witnesses it and follows him to his hideout in the hills. Autry is released from jail, so he can track the bank robber. He arrives at Bartlett’s cabin in the hills just as Helen is discovered. In the ensuing gunfight Bartlett kills his brother and Lucas, thinking that his dead brother’s body will pass for him. When Kitty shows up to identify Bartlett’s body, claiming to be his wife, Autry figures out that the dead man is not Bartlett. Ben, knowing where Bartlett is now hiding out, offers to turn him in for the reward, but Bartlett figures out the doublecross and kills Ben. Autry and Tom Ellis ride after Bartlett, catching up to him as he boards a train in an attempt to escape. Bartlett is killed, and Autry allows Helen and Tom to have the reward money. On January 15, 1950 Gene Autry announced that he would begin filming the first of his scheduled six films for Columbia with "The Blazing Sun", commencing production on March 27. John Englund was given the nod to direct in April. Despite the earlier announcement, the filming did not begin until the end of April. After it opened, the National Legion of Decency gave it an "A" rating: "morally unobjectionable for general patronage. "Motion Picture Daily" (MPD) gave the film a somewhat favorable review, enjoying Autry's performance, and complimenting the rest of the cast on their acting. They felt it would please his fans, but was a bit short on action, however when the action did come it was well done and very realistic. "Variety" enjoyed the film slightly more, saying it compared favorably with more run-of-the-mill "oaters" (a film industry term for westerns). Unlike MPD, they felt the picture stressed action more so than Autry's other films. They singled out the work of the supporting cast, in particular enjoying the performances of Kenne Duncan, Pat Buttram, Lynne Roberts, Edward Norris, and Alan Hale Jr.. They praised English's direction, complimenting his handling of the action, as well as the camerawork of William Bradford. The Blazing Sun (1950 film) The Blazing Sun is a 1950 American western film directed by John English, which stars Gene Autry, Lynne Roberts, and Anne Gwynne. Gene Autry is a private investigator for a banking association, on the trail of two bank robbers, Al Bartlett and Trot Lucas. Bartlett and Lucas waylay Larry Taylor, a | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Ray Baum Raymond Sims Baum (August 18, 1955 – February 9, 2018) was an American lawyer, lobbyist, and politician Baum was born and raised in La Grande, Oregon. He studied at Brigham Young University and Willamette University College of Law. Baum was admitted to the Oregon bar in 1983 and practiced law in La Grande. Baum served in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1988. He was majority leader in the state house for the Republican Party starting in 1995 but did not seek reelection in 1996. In 2003 Ted Kulongoski appointed Baum a member of the Oregon Public Utility Commission. He served there until 2011, serving as chairman starting in 2010. Baum worked for the National Association of Broadcasters and served as vice-president of government affairs. He died at Suburban Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland from prostate cancer. Ray Baum Raymond Sims Baum (August 18, 1955 – February 9, 2018) was an American lawyer, lobbyist, and politician Baum was born and raised in La Grande, Oregon. He studied at Brigham Young University and Willamette University College of Law. Baum was admitted to the Oregon bar in 1983 and practiced law in La Grande. Baum served in the Oregon House of | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Ernst Joubert Ernst Joubert (born 5 August 1980 in Ceres, Western Cape) is a former South African rugby union player. He played at Number Eight for Saracens in the Aviva Premiership from 2009 to 2015 and was the vice captain of the team. He retired from all rugby at the end of November 2015. Joubert started his career playing for , being included in the squads for the 2002 Vodacom Cup and Currie Cup competitions. However, he failed to break into the local Super Rugby side, the and, after seven appearances in the 2003 Vodacom Shield competition, he joined near neighbours for the 2003 Currie Cup qualifying rounds. He moved to Johannesburg to join the prior to the 2004 season. However, several injuries prevented him from making his debut for them until the 2005 Currie Cup competition, starting their match against the . He made his Super Rugby debut for the in 2006 by starting their opening match of the 2006 Super 14 season against the . He made close to 50 appearances for the franchise (called the in 2006 and the since then) over the next four seasons. He also regularly featured for the domestically in the Currie Cup competition and a few appearances in the 2009 Vodacom Cup competition. Joubert left South Africa to join English Premiership side Saracens in 2009. He made his debut on 5 September 2009 against London Irish in the London Double Header which finished 18–14 to Saracens. He played the whole match but got a yellow card. Joubert turned out to be a mainstay in the Saracens team with 34 appearances and 10 tries. When the usual Saracens captain Steve Borthwick was injured, Joubert took over the captain's duties for the last two months of the season that included the narrow 33–27 defeat to Leicester Tigers in the 2010 Guinness Premiership Final. In this game, Joubert scored both of the Saracens tries to help Saracens narrowly miss out on victory. Joubert was one the stars of the Saracens team and was rewarded with a place in the 2010 Guinness Premiership Dream Team with the likes of Chris Ashton and Schalk Brits. Joubert started the 2010–2011 Aviva Premiership season with being named as the vice captain of the Saracens team. He again started most of the team's games in which was a greatly successful season. Ernst was rewarded for his outstanding performances in the season by being named as the Aviva Premiership Player of the Month for February, also his consistent performances earned him a place in the Sky Sports Aviva Premiership Dream Team 2011. Overall he made 30 appearances and scored three tries in helping the Saracens to win the 2011 Aviva Premiership with a 22-18 win over Leicester Tigers. This was Joubert's third season as a Saracens player and he started the season in his usual role as a first team regular. He played 26 games for Saracens in helping them to third place in the league. During the season he scored seven tries for Saracens as they lost in the semi-final to Leicester Tigers. Joubert began his fourth season for Saracens in 2012 and made his 100th appearance for the club in the 15-9 defeat to Munster in the Heineken Cup. Joubert also started for Saracens in their first Aviva Premiership match at their new stadium, Allianz Park, in a 31-11 victory over Exeter Chiefs. During the season, Ernst made a total of 26 appearances for the club, scoring one try. Ernst helped Saracens to the semi-finals of the Aviva Premiership, Heineken Cup and LV Cup where the Saracens team lost in all 3 to Northampton Saints, Toulon and Sale Sharks respectively. This was Joubert's fifth season playing for Saracens where he has continued as the club's vice-captain. Despite added competition from the signing of England number 8 Billy Vunipola, Joubert has continued to be a regular starter for Saracens, making 21 appearances so far this season scoring 1 try. His appearances have helped his club to the semi- final of the LV Cup where they lost to Northampton Saints and to the finals of the Heineken Cup and the Aviva Premiership playing against Toulon and Northampton Saints respectively. Unfortunately Joubert was injured in the Heineken Cup quarter final against Ulster Rugby which meant that he missed the whole of the end of the season including both finals. Joubert retired from all rugby at the end of Saracens' game against Worcester Warriors at Twickenham on 28 November 2015. Following that he immediately moved back to South Africa. Ernst Joubert Ernst Joubert (born 5 August 1980 in Ceres, Western Cape) is a former South African rugby union player. He played at Number Eight for Saracens in the Aviva Premiership from 2009 to 2015 and was the vice captain of the team. He | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Louis Du Pont Duchambon Louis Du Pont Duchambon (Chalais, Charente January 1, 1680 – 1775?) was a French military officer who served as a member of the French Army during the King George's War. Louis Du Pont Duchambon arrived in Acadia in 1702 as an ensign in a new company in which his brothers, François du Pont Duvivier and Michel Du Pont de Renon, served as captain and lieutenant. Although an unexceptional officer, Duchambon gained promotions through seniority and his friendship with Governor Saint-Ovide. Duchambon was appointment in April 1744 to replace François Le Coutre de Bourville as King’s lieutenant of Île Royale. In October he became Governor of the colony when Commandant Jean-Baptiste-Louis Le Prévost Duquesnel suddenly died. He was faced with the Siege of Louisbourg (1745) by the English and was forced to capitulate after 47 days. He arrived in France four weeks later and was trialed, but acquitted. In March 1746 Duchambon retired and spent his later years at Chalais in his native Saintonge, where he lived off his pension and a small income from property. He had married in 1709 with Jeanne Mius d’Entremont de Pobomcoup and had at least 7 sons, including Louis Du Pont | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Dom Turner Dominic Turner is an Australian blues guitarist, vocalist and key songwriter for the Australian blues band "The Backsliders". Dom also has a number of solo projects including 'Dom Turner and Supro' and 'Dom Turner and the Nationals'. In 2002, Dom along with Rob Hirst, formed the band Angry Tradesman. He specialises in "bottle neck" slide guitar using resonator guitars as well as 6 and 12 string acoustic and electric guitars. Dom's session guitar work can be heard on a variety of Australia albums, such as Rob Hirst's (from Midnight Oil and also the drummer in The Backsliders) "Ghostwriters" Second Skin album. Dom's influences are many and varied – a blend of delta blues, piedmont blues, rock, dub and sounds of Asia. He is a highly regarded speaker on blues and roots music and has guested on ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio programs and presented music workshops at festivals and in universities (both nationally and internationally). He has also contributed songs for the ABC's television show Sea Change. In 2004, Dom was voted Songwriter of the Year at the Australian Blues Awards in Goulburn, NSW and has a sculpture in recognition of this honour at the Goulburn Visitors Centre. "The Backsliders" "Dom Turner and Supro" "Kim Sinh and Dom Turner" "Dom Turner and Ian Collard" Dom Turner Dominic Turner is an Australian blues guitarist, vocalist and key songwriter for the Australian blues band "The Backsliders". Dom also has a number of solo projects including 'Dom Turner and Supro' and 'Dom Turner and the Nationals'. In 2002, Dom along with Rob Hirst, formed the band Angry Tradesman. He specialises in "bottle neck" slide guitar using resonator guitars as well as 6 and 12 string acoustic and electric guitars. Dom's session guitar work can be heard on a variety of Australia | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Lanzhou West railway station Lanzhou West railway station is located in Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province on Xi Zhan Xi Road (西站西路). It is served by the Longhai Railway, Lan-Xin Railway, Lanzhou–Ürümqi High-Speed Railway, Lanzhou–Zhongchuan Airport Intercity Railway and Baoji–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway (u/c), in Lanzhou, Gansu, China. It is one of the principal station. The original station was built in 1953 and was classed as a secondary station within Lanzhou, with most rail traffic stopping at nearby Lanzhou railway station, 8 km to the east. There were just 11 services daily stopping at this station, all for local and regional destinations within Gansu and Qinghai. The former Lanzhou West railway station officially closed on March 9, 2012, for renovation and construction of the current station complex. Situated a kilometre to the west of the old station, a new high speed railway station was constructed. This station has become the centre for most high speed services in Lanzhou, equalling Lanzhou railway station in importance for long distance and regional rail services. It will also serve as a major transportation interchange with a major long distance and local bus terminal plus connections to Lanzhou Metro's Lines 1 and 2 (U/C). Built on the site of a former rail freight yard at a cost of 3.188 billion Yuan, it dwarfs the former Lanzhou West railway station in almost every respect in terms of size and services. The entire station site encompasses over 680,000m of space. The station hall is built over 5 main levels, 2 above ground and 3 below, with an area of 220,000m, making it the largest transportation building in Lanzhou. It features 13 platforms, 2 side platforms and 11 island platforms, servicing 26 tracks. It opened on December 26, 2014. This was in line with the opening of the Lanzhou-Ürümqi High Speed Railway. The adjacent bus station (兰州西客站) offers connections to destinations in all directions, including the city centre and Lanzhou railway station. Lanzhou West railway station Lanzhou West railway station is located in Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province on Xi Zhan Xi Road (西站西路). It is served by the Longhai Railway, Lan-Xin Railway, Lanzhou–Ürümqi High-Speed Railway, Lanzhou–Zhongchuan Airport Intercity Railway and Baoji–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway (u/c), in Lanzhou, Gansu, China. It is one of the principal station. The original station was built in 1953 and was classed as a secondary station within Lanzhou, with most rail traffic stopping at nearby | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Perlora Perlora is one of 12 parishes (administrative divisions) in Carreño, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. Situated at above sea level, the "parroquia" is in size, with a population of 755 (INE 2007). The postal code is 33491. Its villages include: Les Arenes, L'Arquiella, La Bermeya, La Braña, La Calabrina, El Caliyu, Campanal, El Campu la Iglesia, Coyanca, Castro, Colloto, El Corredor, Cueto, El Cutu, El Dormón, La Espasa, La Estación, La Estaquera, La Ferrián, La Formiga, Friera, El Monte, La Nozalera, La Pedrera, Perán, El Perecil, Perlora, Ponteo, El Prau, La Rodada, Rodiles, La Rotella, Salguero, Pozal, La Sierra, La Torre, La Xabina and Yebio. Perlora Perlora is one of 12 parishes (administrative divisions) in Carreño, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. Situated at above sea level, the "parroquia" is in size, with a population of 755 (INE 2007). The postal code is 33491. Its villages include: Les Arenes, L'Arquiella, La Bermeya, La Braña, La Calabrina, El Caliyu, Campanal, El Campu la Iglesia, Coyanca, Castro, Colloto, El Corredor, Cueto, El Cutu, El Dormón, La Espasa, La Estación, La Estaquera, La Ferrián, La Formiga, Friera, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Harshaw, Arizona Harshaw is a populated place in Santa Cruz County in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. The town was settled in the 1870s, in what was then Arizona Territory. Founded as a mining community, Harshaw is named after the cattleman-turned-prospector David Tecumseh Harshaw, who first successfully located silver in the area. At the town's peak near the end of the 19th century, Harshaw's mines were among Arizona's highest producers of ore, with the largest mine, the Hermosa, yielding approximately $365,455 in bullion over a four-month period in 1880. Throughout its history, the town's population grew and declined in time with the price of silver, as the mines and the mill opened, closed, and changed hands over the years. By the 1960s, the mines had shut down for the final time, and the town, which was made part of the Coronado National Forest in 1953, became a ghost town. Today, all that remains of Harshaw are a few houses, some building foundations, two small cemeteries, and dilapidated mine shafts. Most of the buildings were torn down by locals or by the Forest Service in the mid to late 1970s. The earliest known residents of what is now Santa Cruz County were the Apache, Yaqui and Hohokam Indians who settled on the banks of local waterways, including Harshaw Creek, in order to facilitate farming. Spanish explorers and missionaries visited the area beginning in the 16th century, with the Spanish Friar Marcos de Niza, the first European to visit the area. In the late 17th century, Eusebio Kino came to the region to establish Jesuit missions and to map the land for Spain. It was not until 1752, in response to hostilities by the Pima Indians, that Spain established its first formal settlement and military presence in Arizona at Tubac on the Santa Cruz River northwest of the site of Harshaw. The accounts of Spanish missionaries who traveled through the area shortly after the founding of Tubac state that the site that was to become Harshaw was originally a Spanish settlement and ranch. The settlement was known as Durazno, meaning "peach" or "peach orchard," supposedly due to the peach trees which had been planted there at some time in the past. According to a missionary account from 1764, the settlement of Durazno was attacked and destroyed by Apache Indians on February 19, 1743, with significant loss of life. Along with the nearby Salazar ranch, which was also attacked on that day, the lives of 44 residents were lost. When the United States acquired all of present-day Arizona as part of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853, the numerous Mexican mining and ranching settlements still in existence became part of the United States, and American settlers moved into the area. David Harshaw was stationed in Tucson in the 1860s as a sergeant in the First Regiment of Infantry of the California Column. When he left the army, he returned to his previous occupation of ranching. He had been ordered off of Apache land by Indian agent Tom Jeffords in early 1873 for illegal grazing, and he settled later that year in the area that was to become Harshaw, still known locally as Durazno, in order to find new pastures for his cattle. After a few years of prospecting in the region, Harshaw staked claims to several deposits of silver ore, one of which he sold to the Hermosa Mining Company around 1879. In addition to digging and working what was to become the Hermosa mine, the company also began construction on a nearby twenty-stamp mill designed to process or "stamp" the silver ore into fine powder in preparation for smelting. The combined need for miners and mill workers caused the town to grow rapidly. The post office opened on April 29, 1880 under the name Harshaw in order to honor its founder. The Hermosa Mill commenced operations on August 5, 1880, and the company soon employed approximately 150 people in the mine in addition to those working the mill. At the town's peak, the mining and milling of silver was performed cheaper in Harshaw than in any other mining settlement in the Arizona Territory, and the mines were considered to be potential rivals of the productive Tombstone mines. Harshaw was soon home to some 200 buildings, 30 of them commercial, including eight or ten general stores, hotels, blacksmiths, stables, breweries, dance halls, and numerous saloons arrayed along its 3/4-mile (1.2 km) main road. In addition to the mining industry, the town's merchants did a good trade with Sonora in Mexico as well as smaller regional mining camps. Harshaw received mail service on the Southern Pacific Railroad via Tombstone three times a week, and had its own newspaper, the "Arizona Bullion", run by Charles D. Reppy and Company. The "Bullion" was launched on April 28, 1880, and had reached a circulation of 400 as of 1881. Harshaw was dealt a devastating blow when the Hermosa mine and mill both closed down in late 1881 due to a drop in the quality of silver ore extracted from the property. Coupled with the Hermosa closures, severe thunderstorms which caused a large, damaging fire that same year almost put an end to the settlement. Shortly thereafter, in 1882, "The Tombstone Epitaph" noted Harshaw's decline, and wrote that over 80% of the town's 200 buildings stood empty "with broken windows and open doors." In 1887, Harshaw was reinvigorated when Tucson resident James Finley purchased the Hermosa mine for $600. In addition to the rebirth of the mining industry, 1887 also saw the end of Apache raids in the area. The last recorded raid took place that year when 20 Indians raided Harshaw, resulting in the death of one man in an area mine. As of 1891, Harshaw was connected to the Arizona and New Mexico Railway lines, and had mail service three days a week. It still housed seven businesses, as well as a school and a hotel. In addition, David Harshaw's initial reason for coming to the area was still very much a factor in its use, as the land was noted for its exceptional grazing, and stock raising was second only to mining in area industries. The Hardshell Mine that David Harshaw discovered in 1879 and sold to R. R. Richardson began to produce silver in 1896, further spurring the town's growth. This smaller incarnation of the town continued until just around the start of the 20th century when the market price of silver declined, and mine owner James Finley died in 1903, closing the Hermosa mine again. Most residents left the town and the post office closed on March 4, 1903. Despite a dwindling population, Harshaw gained some notice in 1906 when it was reported by the national press that Ben Daniels, one of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders, was arrested for fraud associated with selling a Harshaw district mine to a business associate for $800, even though Daniels had no ownership of the property. In May 1929 when a forest fire swept through the Patagonia Mountains, Harshaw was reportedly down to 50 residents, all of whom were forced to evacuate, along with residents of other nearby mining camps. On May 13, 1929, after four days, and the burning of , the fire was contained, and the blaze was extinguished just in time to spare Harshaw from destruction as it had been directly in the path of the fire. The town again saw activity between 1937 and 1956 when the Arizona Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO) worked the Flux and Trench mines located nearby, and tapped into the region's non-silver ore. After 1956, when ASARCO left, Harshaw returned to its status as a ghost town. In 1963, Harshaw ran afoul of the U.S. Forest Service. By this time, the town housed about 70 inhabitants, and consisted mostly of collapsed buildings, abandoned cars, and run down shacks. The only well-maintained structures in town were the Roman Catholic Church, and a small school. The borders of the Coronado National Forest, established on July 1, 1953, included the town of Harshaw, and because most of the residents never actually gained titles to their land, which could have been done | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
in the path of the fire. The town again saw activity between 1937 and 1956 when the Arizona Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO) worked the Flux and Trench mines located nearby, and tapped into the region's non-silver ore. After 1956, when ASARCO left, Harshaw returned to its status as a ghost town. In 1963, Harshaw ran afoul of the U.S. Forest Service. By this time, the town housed about 70 inhabitants, and consisted mostly of collapsed buildings, abandoned cars, and run down shacks. The only well-maintained structures in town were the Roman Catholic Church, and a small school. The borders of the Coronado National Forest, established on July 1, 1953, included the town of Harshaw, and because most of the residents never actually gained titles to their land, which could have been done starting in the 1880s, the government's property included the town. Because no titles existed, and the land was then owned by the federal government, the residents were labeled as squatters. Further, once the National Forest was formed, obtaining titles to the land was no longer an option. Harshaw's rundown landscape proved to be an irritant to the Forest Service who, in 1963, tried to work with the residents to facilitate a plan to relocate the remaining families and clean up the town site. The relocation efforts were not successful, however, as a few residents remained in Harshaw at least into the 1970s. Several historic buildings remain in Harshaw, although most are on private property belonging to the Hale Ranch. The most prominent building still standing is the James Finley House, now preserved and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as of November 19, 1974. Built around 1877 as a residence for the superintendent of the Hermosa Mine, the house was located just from the Hermosa Mill. When the mine was later purchased by James Finley, he took up residence in the house. The house is important historically as one of the few remaining buildings from Harshaw's mining heyday, and architecturally as a representation of period building styles in Arizona Territory. Notably, the house is of red brick construction rather than the adobe brick used in most other period buildings. Other remains at the site include the foundations of the Hermosa Mill, an assay office, a small church, a two-room schoolhouse, the remains of an adobe house/pool hall located on the outskirts of town, and two small cemeteries. Several other partial wood and adobe structures, as well as scattered mining remnants, are also located throughout the area. Of the remains, the cemeteries and the nearby adobe ruin are most easily accessible, as they are on the side of Harshaw Road, today designated as Forest Route (FR) 49. As of 2009, efforts are underway by the Center for Desert Archaeology to have the Santa Cruz Valley, including the remains of Harshaw, declared a National Heritage Area. The wide Harshaw Mining District is a rough and rugged landscape of numerous gulches, with areas of lush forests and grasslands interspersed with areas of exposed rock and jutting mountains. It is bordered by the Patagonia District to the south, the main ridge of the Patagonia Mountains to the west, Meadow Valley Flat at the north end of the San Rafael Valley to the east, and Harshaw Creek to the northeast. The bedrock of the district is made up of at least five rock types, the most prevalent of which are composed of porphyritic, tridymite-bearing rhyolite. Where unoxidized the rhyolite contains abundant pyrite, chalcopyrite and chalcocite. Old workings and prospects are scattered throughout the outcrop area. Rhyolite formations include a wide swath across the northern section of the district, a section along the western border of the district, and almost all of Red Mountain, so named due to the color caused by the oxidation of the iron in the region's mineral deposits. The next most common bedrock is Cretaceous andesite mainly present in lava flows and tuffs in low-lying areas underlying the rhyolite and overlying the older sediments. Andesite formations include a circular area just north of Harshaw, and a belt extending northward along Patagonia Road for about . In smaller areas, the bedrock is a narrow, long strip of quartz diorite running from the southeast of Harshaw northwestward to Alum Canyon, a narrow belt of granite porphyry beneath deposits of rhyolite along the western border, and Paleozoic limestone in a small east-west belt along the middle part of the southern border of the district. In addition, Quaternary period gravel deeply covers the underlying bedrock in two areas in the northeast and southwest borders of the district. Mineral deposits are varied, with the andesite and rhyolite yielding surface deposits of silver, as well as zinc, lead, copper, and small amounts of gold, and the limestone containing deposits of manganese-silver ore. In addition, there are a few small, low grade placer gold deposits scattered throughout the area. The two silver lodes associated with the Hermosa Mine are fault breccias embedded in rhyolite dating back to the Triassic or Jurassic period. The two lodes intersect at some depth below , and runs to a depth of at least . The ore mineral, cerargyrite, is located in a gangue of quartz with hematite, psilomelane, and limonitic material. The veins are of irregular and varying widths, which is a negative factor in mining. The Hermosa Mine was the largest ore producer in the area during the last decades of the 19th century, processing of ore per day, and peaking at about $365,455 in ore production over a four-month period in 1880. Mine works at the Hermosa are extensive, with a total tunnel length of by 1915, including five levels of tunnels descending . As of a 1972 survey, the existing works were actively caving in, rendering them not viable for further mining use. Local ore was plentiful, and other mines sprung up in the area around the town throughout the 1880s and 1890s. Some of the mines closest to Harshaw included the Bender, Alta, Salvador, Black Eagle and American mines. Today, the Hardshell property, which includes many of the original mines from the 19th century, encompasses an area of approximately , including eight patented claims. From 1896 through 1964, mine production across all Hardshell property mines amounted to approximately of silver. Including the Hardshell property, the area in and around Harshaw, known today as the Harshaw District, is home to approximately 50 mine sites, some dating back to the 1850s, and others mined during the early- to mid-1900s. In addition to silver, the area is rich in numerous other minerals, including zinc, copper, manganese, rhyolite, quartz, lead, and many others. Through the mid-1960s, total production from the Harshaw District mines included of zinc, of lead, of silver, of copper and of gold. As of 2006, interest in mining the area resurfaced when the Canadian Wildcat Silver Corporation acquired an 80% share in the Hardshell property and began feasibility assessments. Initial reports, published in 2007, were positive, and tentative plans called for the annual production of of silver, of zinc, of copper, and of manganese over an expected productive life for the mine of 13.5 years. A 2009 assessment also included lead among the expected products of the mine. Wildcat is currently assessing a plan to construct an on site mill capable of processing tons of ore per day. Similar assessments are underway in other nearby parts of Santa Cruz County, which historically accounted for one percent of the state's mining production by weight, and ten percent of the state's total lead and zinc production. Some residents are opposed to restarting mining operations as they are concerned about the impacts on the environment, on property values, on the tourist trade, and on traffic. Assessments are ongoing. Harshaw is located on the northern fringe of the Patagonia Mountains at (31.4673182, -110.7070290), northeast of Nogales, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
an expected productive life for the mine of 13.5 years. A 2009 assessment also included lead among the expected products of the mine. Wildcat is currently assessing a plan to construct an on site mill capable of processing tons of ore per day. Similar assessments are underway in other nearby parts of Santa Cruz County, which historically accounted for one percent of the state's mining production by weight, and ten percent of the state's total lead and zinc production. Some residents are opposed to restarting mining operations as they are concerned about the impacts on the environment, on property values, on the tourist trade, and on traffic. Assessments are ongoing. Harshaw is located on the northern fringe of the Patagonia Mountains at (31.4673182, -110.7070290), northeast of Nogales, Arizona. The town lies within the borders of the Coronado National Forest, on United States government land, approximately north of the Mexican border and approximately south-southeast of Tucson. The Hermosa Mine is located at , and the Hardshell Mine, the region's other top producer which rivaled the Hermosa during the last two decades of the 19th century, is located at . At its peak in the 1880s and 1890s, Harshaw's location was considered scenic as it was surrounded by oak forests, lush pastures, and enough pure mountain water to adequately run the mill and work the ore. Today, Harshaw Creek is lined with sycamores, cottonwoods, and willows which are typical foliage in more arid riparian zones, as well as enough grass to sustain limited cattle grazing. While the waters of Harshaw Creek still flow, they are no longer as pure as they were in the 19th century, as recent studies conducted in compliance with the Clean Water Act have found high levels of copper and zinc, as well as high acidity in the creek. While several factors likely contributed to this pollution, mining and milling residue from waste dumps have been identified as the most significant source. In particular, the waste dump of the abandoned Endless Chain Mine, which is located near the headwaters of Harshaw Creek, is one of the largest contributing factors in the pollution. The climate in the Harshaw Creek basin includes sub-zero temperatures and freezing precipitation in the winter, with snow accumulations at higher elevations sometimes lasting for several weeks, while summer frequently brings severe thunderstorms. Due to Harshaw's status as a ghost town, there is no local weather station, and the nearest stations at Canelo Pass and the San Rafael Ranch, and Nogales are not representative of the weather in Harshaw due to significant differences in environmental factors, such as differing elevations and their various locations relative to mountains. Although by some accounts the town grew to 2,000 residents by 1881 at the peak of its mining prosperity, the fact that the town was already in decline a few years later along with the timing of population data collection makes that theory difficult to document. According to US Census data, the population of Harshaw reached its recorded peak of 640 residents in 1880, shortly after its founding. However, the closing of the Hermosa mine and mill coupled with the damage done from storms and fires between 1881 and 1882 caused the population to plummet to an estimated 150 in 1884. The small resurgence of the late 1880s drove the population back up to 260 by 1890, before the town entered a steady decline culminating with its abandonment in the 1960s. From 1960 on, the census no longer recorded any population for Harshaw, although approximately 70 residents remained as of 1963, and a few reportedly lasted into the 1970s. Harshaw, Arizona Harshaw is a populated place in Santa Cruz County in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. The town was settled in the 1870s, in what was then Arizona Territory. Founded as a mining community, Harshaw is named after the cattleman-turned-prospector David Tecumseh Harshaw, who first successfully located silver in the area. At the town's peak near the end of the 19th century, Harshaw's mines were among Arizona's highest producers of ore, with the largest mine, the Hermosa, yielding approximately $365,455 in bullion over a four-month | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Neith (hypothetical moon) Neith is a hypothetical natural satellite of Venus reportedly sighted by Giovanni Cassini in 1672 and by several other astronomers in following years. The first supposed sighting of this moon was in 1650. It was 'observed' up to 30 times by astronomers until 1770, when there were no new sightings and it was not found during the transit of Venus in 1761 and 1769. In 1672, Giovanni Cassini found a small object close to Venus. He did not take great note of his observation, but when he saw it again in 1686, he made a formal announcement of a possible moon of Venus. The object was seen by many other astronomers over a large period of time: by James Short in 1740, by Andreas Mayer in 1759, by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1761, another eighteen observations in 1761, including one in which a small spot was seen following Venus while the planet was in a transit across the Sun, eight observations in 1764, and by Christian Horrebow in 1768. Many astronomers failed to find any moon during their observations of Venus, including William Herschel in 1768. Cassini originally observed Neith to be one-fourth the diameter of Venus. In 1761, Lagrange announced that Neith's orbital plane was perpendicular to the ecliptic. In 1766, the director of the Vienna Observatory speculated that the observations of the moon were optical illusions. He said: "the bright image of Venus was reflected in the eye and back into the telescope, creating a smaller secondary image." In 1777, J.H. Lambert estimated its orbital period as eleven days and three hours. In 1884, Jean-Charles Houzeau, the former director of the Royal Observatory of Brussels suggested that the "moon" was actually a planet which orbited the Sun every 283 days. Such a planet would be in conjunction with Venus every 1080 days, which fit with the recorded observations. Houzeau was also the first to give the object the name Neith, after an Egyptian goddess. The Belgian Academy of Sciences published a paper in 1887 which studied each reported sighting of Neith. Ultimately, they determined that most of the sightings could be explained by stars which had been in the vicinity of Venus, including Chi Orionis, M Tauri, 71 Orionis, Nu Geminorum and Theta Librae. Neith (hypothetical moon) Neith is a hypothetical natural satellite of Venus reportedly sighted by Giovanni Cassini in 1672 and by several | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
John Irwin (producer) John Irwin is an American television producer and entertainment executive. Irwin is the President of Irwin Entertainment, Inc., a full-service production company specializing in developing comedy, reality, scripted and live entertainment programming. Irwin founded the Los Angeles-based company in 2004, and currently has projects on air, in production and in development with networks including NBC, VH1, E!, Netflix, Comedy Central, Oxygen, and Freeform. Irwin was the Executive Producer for seven seasons on the VH1 series Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew. He also serves as the Executive Producer of the popular hit Couples Therapy (TV series) for VH1. Irwin Entertainment is the production company behind "Family Therapy with Dr. Jenn" which premiered in early 2016. The series focused on five celebrity families at various crossroads in their lives & as they underwent three weeks of intensive family therapy to work out their differences. John Irwin and Irwin Entertainment also produced a reunion special, NBC's "Must See TV: A Tribute to James Burrows" which successfully premiered to over 5.5 million viewers on February 21, 2016. It reunited cast members from programs such as Friends, Cheers, Frasier, Will & Grace, Taxi, The Big Bang Theory, Mike & Molly, and Two and a Half Men. For Spike (TV network), Irwin Entertainment produced "Coaching Bad" with Ray Lewis, who served as a mentor to bombastic youth coaches from around the United States. The 8 episode series premiered in January 2015 and featured Ray Lewis with anger management specialist Dr. Christian Conte as they put 9 coaches through an intense program to change their combative ways. The coaches, who come from a variety of different sports from all around the country, move into a Coaching Center in Los Angeles for intense retraining and reconditioning. For NBC, Irwin produced "Blake Shelton's not so Family Christmas", a scripted Comedy Variety Special that aired on December 3, 2012. The Variety Special won the 2014 WGA Award in the “Comedy/Variety – Music, Awards, Tributes – Specials” category. For his second consecutive year (Dec. 2013, Dec. 2014) Irwin produced NBC's "New Year's Eve with Carson Daly, Live from Times Square." Irwin also produced Linda Perry's music boot-camp docu-series on VH1, "Make or Break: The Linda Perry Project" which aired from July–September 2014. Irwin has produced comedy specials with Nikki Glaser, Kevin Hart, David Spade, Daniel Tosh, John Mulaney, Artie Lange, Neal Brennan, Chris D'Elia, Steve Rannazzisi, Anthony Jeselnick, Nick Swardson, Norm Macdonald, Hannibal Buress, Tracy Morgan, Patton Oswalt, Trevor Noah, Nate Bargatze, Demetri Martin, Chris Hardwick, Patrice O'Neil, and Todd Barry. Before forming Irwin Entertainment Inc., Irwin spent four years as a producer for "Late Night with Conan O'Brien", two years as a producer for "Mad TV", and five years as Vice President of Development and Production for Lorne Michaels’ Broadway Video. John Irwin (producer) John Irwin is an American television producer and entertainment executive. Irwin is the President of Irwin Entertainment, Inc., a full-service production company specializing in developing comedy, reality, scripted and live entertainment programming. Irwin | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Pleasure riding Pleasure riding is a form of equestrianism that encompasses many forms of recreational riding for personal enjoyment, absent elements of competition. Pleasure riding is called hacking in British English, and in parts of the eastern United States and Canada. In the United States, particularly the American west, the term trail riding is used to describe pleasure riding, particularly on public lands. Many horses are suitable for pleasure riding, including grade horses and other animals of ordinary quality and good disposition. Such horses are sometimes called "hacks," particularly in areas where pleasure riding is known as hacking. Statistics provided by the American Horse Council (AHC) in a 2005 study indicated that out of 9.2 million horses in the United States, the largest number, 3.9 million, were used for recreation, and this activity directly contributed $11.8 billion, or roughly one-third of the GDP effect of the horse industry. Later studies reinforce these numbers. A 2008 survey found that pleasure/trail riding was the primary pursuit for 78% of Wisconsin horses and 80% of horse owners. Similarly, a 2006 study in Virginia found that 48.4% of the horses in that state were used for pleasure riding. The prevalence of pleasure riding and its economic impact also dispels the misperception that horse ownership is only for the wealthy. The 2005 AHC study also found that approximately 34% of horse owners have an annual household income of less than $50,000, 46% have an income of between $25,000 to $75,000, and 28% have an income of over $100,000. Horse showing ranks second in the AHC study of horse activities, with 2.7 million horses involved. Even in competition, the term "pleasure" or "hack" is also applied to a number of horse show classes where the performance of the animals are judged on their manners, performance and way of going, originally to determine a horse's suitability to be a pleasure riding mount. Pleasure riding Pleasure riding is a form of equestrianism that encompasses many forms of recreational riding for personal enjoyment, absent elements of competition. Pleasure riding is called hacking in British English, and in parts of the eastern United States and Canada. In the United States, particularly the American west, the term trail riding is used to describe pleasure riding, particularly on public lands. Many horses are suitable for pleasure riding, including grade horses and other animals of ordinary quality and good disposition. Such horses are | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Amended Christadelphians "This article refers to a distinction that is today only directly relevant in North America. For more complete information on Christadelphians please see the main article" The term Amended Christadelphians is a name given in North American publications to Christadelphian fellowships who adhere to the "Birmingham Amended Statement of Faith" (BASF). Both "Amended" and "Unamended" are prefixes exclusive to the United States and Canada, as the issue is localised there. Usage of the term Amended Christadelphians has changed over the years since the words "Amended" and "Unamended" were first used, 1898–1908. Usage today also varies, among Christadelphians, according to the country and affiliation of the user. This change can be verified by noting references in the magazines of the community including "The Christadelphian Tidings" (Amended, North America), "The Christadelphian Advocate" (Unamended, North America), "The Berean Ecclesial News" (Berean, North America) and "The Christadelphian" (Britain) Historically, from 1898 the terms "Amended" and "Unamended" refer to the statements of faith used by each set of Christadelphians, one of which has been amended (and hence the prefix – "Amended" – added to that community of Christadelphians), and one has not been amended (and hence the prefix – "Unamended" – added to that community of Christadelphians). So technically all Christadelphians using a statement of faith containing the 1898 "Amendment" are de facto "Amended". This applies even to many UK ecclesias which never physically "amended" their statements but retain pre-1898 versions. However, today the use of the term "Amended Christadelphians" is often restricted to identify the North American members of the worldwide "Central" grouping, in relation to Unamended Christadelphians. In particular it is now unusual for the term "Amended" to be used of: In contrast to some Unamended Christadelphians, the Amended groups believe that all who are responsible will be raised from the dead at the time of the Judgment when Jesus returns to the earth. The "responsible" are those who have been exposed to the Gospel. The righteous among the responsible ones will be judged according to their works, rewarded appropriately, and live forever. The wicked will be annihilated, and cease to exist. Those who are not responsible, since they had never heard the Gospel, will not be raised. The Unamended group traditionally allows the teaching that only people who have been baptised are responsible, and it is only these who will be raised from the dead at the time of the Judgement when Jesus returns to the earth. The righteous among these people will be judged, rewarded appropriately, and live forever. The wicked among these people will be annihilated, and cease to exist. Those who are not responsible, since they had never been baptised, will not be raised. However a significant number of Unamended Christadelphians do not allow this teaching, and have adopted various documents such as the "North American Statement of Unity" which are doctrinally consistent with the Amended position on teaching. A major division occurred among the Christadelphians 1895–1899 on the issue of "resurrectional responsibility". The controversy caused serious disagreement concerning whether the Judgement at the return of Christ would be limited to baptised believers, or would also apply to anyone who had "heard" the Gospel message, but had rejected it – referred to as "enlightened rejectors". Although the issue had already surfaced in Sydney in 1884, leading to excommunication of members there, and in London in 1887, when the issue surfaced on a much larger scale 1895–1897, the influential Birmingham Ecclesia, took the decision in January 1898 to amend Clause 24 of their Statement of Faith by inserting 18 words in brackets to clarify this. A minority in Leeds and London did not accept the amendment and a division in the UK followed led by Albert Hall and John Owler, and finding support from Thomas Williams (Christadelphian) of Chicago. The division spread to North America and was cemented in 1909 in Williams printed in Chicago a "Unamended Statement of Faith." with a few minor adjustments from the influential Birmingham Ecclesia's statement, but with the name "Birmingham" removed, and the offending amendment in Clause 24. Those in North America who associated on the basis of the unamended statement of faith became known as the Unamended Fellowship, and those who have associated on the basis of the amended statement become known, when in contrast to the Unamended Fellowship, as the Amended Christadelphians. There is still some disagreement today over what the original established beliefs of the Christadelphian community as a whole were prior to the controversy leading up to the division in 1898, with some members of each "fellowship" claiming that their current views were the original. Most of the North American "Amended" ecclesias separated from the UK and Australian "Central" ecclesias from 1923–1952, as the Berean Christadelphians, but the majority of Bereans rejoined "Central" in 1952 following efforts by local brethren assisted by John Carter (Christadelphian) of The Christadelphian magazine. Further reunions (unrelated to the Amended/Unamended split in North America) occurred in Britain and Australia in 1957, bringing almost all Christadelphians together into one grouping for the first time since 1885. During the 1990s a serious effort was made to bring unity to North America with the North American Statement on Unity. Local efforts are ongoing. Amended Christadelphians "This article refers to a distinction that is today only directly relevant in North America. For more complete information on Christadelphians please see the main article" The term Amended Christadelphians is | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Silas Talbot Silas Talbot (January 11, 1751 – June 30, 1813) was an officer in the Continental Army and in the Continental Navy during the American Revolution. Talbot is most famous for commanding the USS "Constitution" from 1799 to 1801. Talbot was born in Dighton, Massachusetts and came from a large, farming family. He first took to seafaring at the age of twelve serving as cabin boy in a coasting vessel. Talbot's performance proved to be outstanding and by 1772 had saved up enough money to buy property on Weybosset Street in Providence, Rhode Island, and build a stone home, having learned the trade of stone masonry earlier in life. On June 28, 1775 Talbot received the commission of a captain in the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment. He was commissioned a captain in the Continental Army on July 1, 1775. After participating in the siege of Boston, Talbot and the American Army began their march to New York. Along the way they stopped at New London whose port had just received Esek Hopkins who had just landed from a sailing exposition in the Bahamas. After learning that Hopkins was going to petition General Washington for 200 volunteers needed to assist his squadron in reaching Providence, Talbot volunteered his services in this effort. After Talbot made his way back to New York where he was aiding in the transportation of troops, he obtained command of a fire ship and attempted to use it to set fire to the British warship HMS "Asia" on September 14, 1776. The attempt failed, but the daring it displayed, and that Talbot was severely burned during the effort, won him a promotion to major on October 10, 1777 retroactive to September 1. After suffering a severe wound at Fort Mifflin, while fighting to defend Philadelphia, on October 23, 1777, Talbot returned to active service in the summer of 1778 and fought the Battle of Rhode Island on August 28, 1778. As commander of the galley "Pigot" (which he had captured from the British in the Sakonnet River on October 28, 1778), and later "Argo", both under the Army, he cruised against Loyalist vessels that were harassing American trade between Long Island and Nantucket and made prisoners of many of them. On November 14, 1778 the Continental Congress passed a resolution which recognized his success in capturing the "Pigot" and promoted him to lieutenant colonel on the same date. In October of the same year, the Rhode Island General Assembly voted to present Talbot with a "genteel silver-hilted sword" for the same action. The sword was made by silversmith John Gladding Gibbs of Providence. Because of his success fighting afloat for the Army, Congress made him a captain in the Continental Navy on September 17, 1779. However, since Congress had no suitable warship to entrust to him, Talbot put to sea in command of the privateer "General Washington". In it, he took one prize, but soon thereafter ran into the British fleet off New York. After a chase, he struck his colors to "Culloden", a 74-gun ship-of-the-line and remained a prisoner until exchanged for a British officer in December 1781. After the war, Talbot settled in Johnstown, New York, the county seat of Fulton County, where he purchased the former manor house and estate of Sir William Johnson, founder of Johnstown. He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1792 and 1792-93. In January 1793, Talbot was elected as a Federalist to the 3rd United States Congress, and served from March 4, 1793, to approximately June 5, 1794, when President George Washington chose him third in a list of six captains of the newly established United States Navy. He was ordered to superintend the construction of the frigate USS "President" at New York. With the outbreak of the Quasi-War with France, Talbot was commissioned as a captain in the United States Navy on May 11, 1798. He served as commander of the USS "Constitution" from June 5, 1799 until September 8, 1801, sailing it to the West Indies where he protected American commerce from French privateers during the Quasi-War. He commanded the Santo Domingo Station in 1799 and 1800 and was commended by the Secretary of the Navy for protecting American commerce and for laying the foundation of a permanent trade with that country. It is said that Talbot was wounded 13 times and carried 5 bullets in his body. Captain Talbot resigned from the Navy on September 21, 1801 and died in New York City on June 30, 1813. He was buried in Trinity Churchyard in lower Manhattan. The first USS "Talbot" (Torpedo Boat No. 15) was named for Lt. John Gunnell Talbot, no relation to Silas Talbot; the second and third Talbots ("Talbot" (APD 7/DD-114) and "Talbot" (DEG/FFG-4), respectively) were named for Captain Silas Talbot. Talbot was an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati. Battery Talbot (1899-1919), named for Silas Talbot in G.O. 30, 19 Mar 1902, was a reinforced concrete, Endicott Period 4.72 inch coastal gun battery on Fort Adams, Newport County, Rhode Island. There is a cenotaph in honor of Captain Talbot in the Congregational Church cemetery in his hometown of Dighton, Massachusetts. Silas Talbot Silas Talbot (January 11, 1751 – June 30, 1813) was an officer in the Continental Army and in the Continental Navy during the American Revolution. Talbot is most famous for commanding the USS | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus "Ulmus" in the plant family Ulmaceae. The genus first appeared in the Miocene geological period about 20 million years ago, originating in what is now central Asia. These trees flourished and spread over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, presently ranging southward across the Equator into Indonesia. Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual elms reached great size and age. However, in recent decades, most mature elms of European or North American origin have died from Dutch elm disease, caused by a microfungus dispersed by bark beetles. In response, disease-resistant cultivars have been developed, capable of restoring the elm to forestry and landscaping. There are about 30 to 40 species of "Ulmus" (elm); the ambiguity in number results from difficulty in delineating species, owing to the ease of hybridization between them and the development of local seed-sterile vegetatively propagated microspecies in some areas, mainly in the field elm ("Ulmus minor") group. Oliver Rackham describes "Ulmus" as the most critical genus in the entire British flora, adding that 'species and varieties are a distinction in the human mind rather than a measured degree of genetic variation'. Eight species are endemic to North America, and a smaller number to Europe; the greatest diversity is found in Asia. The classification adopted in the List of elm species, varieties, cultivars and hybrids is largely based on that established by Brummitt. A large number of synonyms have accumulated over the last three centuries; their currently accepted names can be found in the list List of elm Synonyms and Accepted Names. Botanists who study elms and argue over elm identification and classification are called "pteleologists", from the Greek πτελέα (:elm). As part of the sub-order urticalean rosids they are distant cousins of cannabis, hops, and nettles. The name "Ulmus" is the Latin name for these trees, while the English "elm" and many other European names are either cognate with or derived from it. The genus is hermaphroditic, having apetalous perfect flowers which are wind-pollinated. Elm leaves are alternate, with simple, single- or, most commonly, doubly serrate margins, usually asymmetric at the base and acuminate at the apex. The fruit is a round wind-dispersed samara flushed with chlorophyll, facilitating photosynthesis before the leaves emerge. The samarae are very light, those of British elms numbering around 50,000 to the pound (454 g). All species are tolerant of a wide range of soils and pH levels but, with few exceptions, demand good drainage. The elm tree can grow to great height, often with a forked trunk creating a vase profile. Dutch elm disease (DED) devastated elms throughout Europe and much of North America in the second half of the 20th century. It derives its name 'Dutch' from the first description of the disease and its cause in the 1920s by the Dutch botanists Bea Schwarz and Christina Johanna Buisman. Owing to its geographical isolation and effective quarantine enforcement, Australia has so far remained unaffected by Dutch Elm Disease, as have the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia in western Canada. DED is caused by a micro-fungus transmitted by two species of "Scolytus" elm-bark beetle which act as vectors. The disease affects all species of elm native to North America and Europe, but many Asiatic species have evolved anti-fungal genes and are resistant. Fungal spores, introduced into wounds in the tree caused by the beetles, invade the xylem or vascular system. The tree responds by producing tyloses, effectively blocking the flow from roots to leaves. Woodland trees in North America are not quite as susceptible to the disease because they usually lack the root-grafting of the urban elms and are somewhat more isolated from each other. In France, inoculation with the fungus of over three hundred clones of the European species failed to find a single variety possessed of any significant resistance. The first, less aggressive strain of the disease fungus, "Ophiostoma ulmi", arrived in Europe from the Far East in 1910, and was accidentally introduced to North America in 1928, but was steadily weakened by viruses and had all but disappeared in Europe by the 1940s. The second, far more virulent strain of the disease "Ophiostoma novo-ulmi" was identified in Europe in the late 1960s, and within a decade had killed over 20 million trees (approximately 75%) in the UK alone. Approximately three times more deadly, the new strain arrived in Europe from the US on a cargo of Rock Elm; the hypothesis that it arose from a hybrid between the original "O. ulmi" and another strain endemic to the Himalaya, "Ophiostoma himal-ulmi" is now discredited. There is no sign of the current pandemic waning, and no evidence of a susceptibility of the fungus to a disease of its own caused by d-factors: naturally occurring virus-like agents that severely debilitated the original "O. ulmi" and reduced its sporulation. Elm phloem necrosis (elm yellows) is a disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts. This very aggressive disease, with no known cure, occurs in the Eastern United States, southern Ontario in Canada, and Europe. It is caused by phytoplasmas which infect the phloem (inner bark) of the tree. Infection and death of the phloem effectively girdles the tree and stops the flow of water and nutrients. The disease affects both wild-growing and cultivated trees. Occasionally, cutting the infected tree before the disease completely establishes itself and cleanup and prompt disposal of infected matter has resulted in the plant's survival via stump-sprouts. Most serious of the elm pests is the elm leaf beetle "Xanthogaleruca luteola", which can decimate foliage, although rarely with fatal results. The beetle was accidentally introduced to North America from Europe. Another unwelcome immigrant to North America is the Japanese beetle "Popillia japonica". In both instances the beetles cause far more damage in North America owing to the absence of the predators present in their native lands. In Australia, introduced elm trees are sometimes used as foodplants by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genus "Aenetus". These burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down. Sapsucker woodpeckers have a great love of young elm trees. Efforts to develop resistant cultivars began in the Netherlands in 1928 and continued, uninterrupted by World War II, until 1992. Similar programmes were initiated in North America (1937), Italy (1978), and Spain (1986). Research has followed two paths: In North America, careful selection has produced a number of trees resistant not only to disease, but also to the droughts and extremely cold winters afflicting the continent. Research in the US has concentrated on the American Elm "U. americana", resulting in the release of highly resistant clones, notably the cultivars 'Valley Forge' and 'Jefferson'. Much work has also been done into the selection of disease-resistant Asiatic species and cultivars. In Europe, the European White Elm "Ulmus laevis" has received much attention. Whilst this elm has little innate resistance to Dutch elm disease, it is not favoured by the vector bark beetles and thus only becomes colonized and infected when there are no other choices, a rare situation in western Europe. Research in Spain has suggested that it may be the presence of a triterpene, alnulin, which makes the tree bark unattractive to the beetle species that spread the disease. However this possibility has not been conclusively | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
in the US has concentrated on the American Elm "U. americana", resulting in the release of highly resistant clones, notably the cultivars 'Valley Forge' and 'Jefferson'. Much work has also been done into the selection of disease-resistant Asiatic species and cultivars. In Europe, the European White Elm "Ulmus laevis" has received much attention. Whilst this elm has little innate resistance to Dutch elm disease, it is not favoured by the vector bark beetles and thus only becomes colonized and infected when there are no other choices, a rare situation in western Europe. Research in Spain has suggested that it may be the presence of a triterpene, alnulin, which makes the tree bark unattractive to the beetle species that spread the disease. However this possibility has not been conclusively proven. More recently, Field Elms "Ulmus minor" highly resistant to DED have been discovered in Spain, and form the basis of a major breeding programme. Owing to their innate resistance to Dutch elm disease, Asiatic species have been crossed with European species, or with other Asiatic elms, to produce trees which are both highly resistant to disease and tolerant of native climates. After a number of false dawns in the 1970s, this approach has produced a range of reliable hybrid cultivars now commercially available in North America and Europe. Disease resistance is invariably carried by the female parent. However, some of these cultivars, notably those with the Siberian Elm "U. pumila" in their ancestry, lack the forms for which the iconic American Elm and English Elm were prized. Moreover, several exported to northwestern Europe have proven unsuited to the maritime climate conditions there, notably because of their intolerance of anoxic conditions resulting from ponding on poorly drained soils in winter. Dutch hybridizations invariably included the Himalayan Elm "U. wallichiana" as a source of anti-fungal genes and have proven more tolerant of wet ground; they should also ultimately reach a greater size. However, the susceptibility of the cultivar 'Lobel', used as a control in Italian trials, to elm yellows has now (2014) raised a question mark over all the Dutch clones. A number of highly resistant "Ulmus" cultivars has been released since 2000 by the Institute of Plant Protection in Florence, most commonly featuring crosses of the Dutch cultivar 'Plantijn' with the Siberian Elm to produce resistant trees better adapted to the Mediterranean climate. Elms take many decades to grow to maturity, and as the introduction of these disease-resistant cultivars is relatively recent, their long-term performance and ultimate size and form cannot be predicted with certainty. The National Elm Trial in North America, begun in 2005, is a nationwide trial to assess strengths and weaknesses of the 19 leading cultivars raised in the US over a ten-year period; European cultivars have been excluded. Meanwhile, in Europe, American and European cultivars are being assessed in field trials started in 2000 by the UK charity Butterfly Conservation. One of the earliest of ornamental elms was the ball-headed graft "narvan elm", "Ulmus minor" 'Umbraculifera', cultivated from time immemorial in Persia as a shade tree and widely planted in cities through much of south-west and central Asia. From the 18th century to the early 20th century, elms, whether species, hybrids or cultivars, were among the most widely planted ornamental trees in both Europe and North America. They were particularly popular as a street tree in avenue plantings in towns and cities, creating high-tunnelled effects. Their quick growth and variety of foliage and forms, their tolerance of air-pollution and the comparatively rapid decomposition of their leaf-litter in the fall were further advantages. In North America, the species most commonly planted was the American elm ("Ulmus americana"), which had unique properties that made it ideal for such use: rapid growth, adaptation to a broad range of climates and soils, strong wood, resistance to wind damage, and vase-like growth habit requiring minimal pruning. In Europe, the wych elm ("Ulmus glabra") and the Field Elm ("Ulmus minor") were the most widely planted in the countryside, the former in northern areas including Scandinavia and northern Britain, the latter further south. The hybrid between these two, Dutch elm ("U. × hollandica"), occurs naturally and was also commonly planted. In much of England, it was the English Elm which later came to dominate the horticultural landscape. Most commonly planted in hedgerows, it sometimes occurred in densities of over 1000 per square kilometre. In south-eastern Australia and New Zealand, large numbers of English and Dutch elms, as well as other species and cultivars, were planted as ornamentals following their introduction in the 19th century, while in northern Japan Japanese Elm ("Ulmus davidiana" var. "japonica") was widely planted as a street tree. From about 1850 to 1920, the most prized small ornamental elm in parks and gardens was the Camperdown elm ("Ulmus glabra" 'Camperdownii'), a contorted weeping cultivar of the Wych Elm grafted on to a non-weeping elm trunk to give a wide, spreading and weeping fountain shape in large garden spaces. In northern Europe elms were, moreover, among the few trees tolerant of saline deposits from sea spray, which can cause "salt-burning" and die-back. This tolerance made elms reliable both as shelterbelt trees exposed to sea wind, in particular along the coastlines of southern and western Britain and in the Low Countries, and as trees for coastal towns and cities. This "belle époque" lasted until the First World War, when as a consequence of hostilities, notably in Germany whence at least 40 cultivars originated, and of the outbreak at about the same time of the early strain of Dutch elm disease, "Ophiostoma ulmi", the elm began its slide into horticultural decline. The devastation caused by the Second World War, and the demise in 1944 of the huge Späth nursery in Berlin, only accelerated the process. The outbreak of the new, three times more virulent, strain of Dutch elm disease "Ophiostoma novo-ulmi" in the late 1960s brought the tree to its nadir. Since circa 1990 the elm has enjoyed a renaissance through the successful development in North America and Europe of cultivars highly resistant to the new disease. Consequently, the total number of named cultivars, ancient and modern, now exceeds 300, although many of the older clones, possibly over 120, have been lost to cultivation. Some of the latter, however, were by today's standards inadequately described or illustrated before the pandemic, and it is possible that a number survive, or have regenerated, unrecognised. Enthusiasm for the newer clones often remains low owing to the poor performance of earlier, supposedly disease-resistant Dutch trees released in the 1960s and 1970s. In the Netherlands, sales of elm cultivars slumped from over 56,000 in 1989 to just 6,800 in 2004, whilst in the UK, only four of the new American and European releases were commercially available in 2008. Elm wood is valued for its interlocking grain, and consequent resistance to splitting, with significant uses in wagon wheel hubs, chair seats and coffins. The bodies of Japanese Taiko drums are often cut from the wood of old elm trees, as the wood's resistance to splitting is highly desired for nailing the skins to them, and a set of three or more is often cut from the same tree. The elm's wood bends well and distorts easily making it quite pliant. The often long, straight, trunks were favoured as a source of timber for keels in ship construction. Elm is also prized by bowyers; of the ancient bows found in Europe, a large portion are elm. During the Middle Ages elm was also used to make longbows if yew was unavailable. The first written references to elm occur in the Linear B lists of military equipment at Knossos in the Mycenaean Period. Several of the chariots | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
splitting, with significant uses in wagon wheel hubs, chair seats and coffins. The bodies of Japanese Taiko drums are often cut from the wood of old elm trees, as the wood's resistance to splitting is highly desired for nailing the skins to them, and a set of three or more is often cut from the same tree. The elm's wood bends well and distorts easily making it quite pliant. The often long, straight, trunks were favoured as a source of timber for keels in ship construction. Elm is also prized by bowyers; of the ancient bows found in Europe, a large portion are elm. During the Middle Ages elm was also used to make longbows if yew was unavailable. The first written references to elm occur in the Linear B lists of military equipment at Knossos in the Mycenaean Period. Several of the chariots are of elm (" πτε-ρε-ϝα ", "pte-re-wa"), and the lists twice mention wheels of elmwood. Hesiod says that ploughs in Ancient Greece were also made partly of elm. The density of elm wood varies between species, but averages around 560 kg per cubic metre. Elm wood is also resistant to decay when permanently wet, and hollowed trunks were widely used as water pipes during the medieval period in Europe. Elm was also used as piers in the construction of the original London Bridge. However this resistance to decay in water does not extend to ground contact. The Romans, and more recently the Italians, used to plant elms in vineyards as supports for vines. Lopped at three metres, the elms' quick growth, twiggy lateral branches, light shade and root-suckering made them ideal trees for this purpose. The lopped branches were used for fodder and firewood. Ovid in his "Amores" characterizes the elm as "loving the vine": "ulmus amat vitem, vitis non deserit ulmum" (:"the elm loves the vine, the vine does not desert the elm"), and the ancients spoke of the "marriage" between elm and vine. The mucilaginous inner bark of the Slippery Elm "Ulmus rubra" has long been used as a demulcent, and is still produced commercially for this purpose in the United States with approval for sale as a nutritional supplement by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Elms also have a long history of cultivation for fodder, with the leafy branches cut to feed livestock. The practice continues today in the Himalaya, where it contributes to serious deforestation. As fossil fuel resources diminish, increasing attention is being paid to trees as sources of energy. In Italy, the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante is (2012) in the process of releasing to commerce very fast-growing elm cultivars, able to increase in height by more than 2 m (6 ft) per annum. Elm bark, cut into strips and boiled, sustained much of the rural population of Norway during the great famine of 1812. The seeds are particularly nutritious, containing 45% crude protein, and less than 7% fibre by dry mass. Elm has been listed as one of the 38 substances that are used to prepare Bach flower remedies, a kind of alternative medicine. Chinese elm "Ulmus parvifolia" is a popular choice for bonsai owing to its tolerance of severe pruning. In 1997, a European Union elm project was initiated, its aim to coordinate the conservation of all the elm genetic resources of the member states and, among other things, to assess their resistance to Dutch elm disease. Accordingly, over 300 clones were selected and propagated for testing. Many elm ("Ulmus") trees of various kinds have attained great size or otherwise become particularly noteworthy. Many artists have admired elms for the ease and grace of their branching and foliage, and have painted them with sensitivity. Elms are a recurring element in the landscapes and studies of, for example, John Constable, Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, Frederick Childe Hassam, Karel Klinkenberg, and George Inness. In Greek mythology the nymph Ptelea (Πτελέα, Elm) was one of the eight Hamadryads, nymphs of the forest and daughters of Oxylos and Hamadryas. In his "Hymn to Artemis" the poet Callimachus (3rd century BC) tells how, at the age of three, the infant goddess Artemis practised her newly acquired silver bow and arrows, made for her by Hephaestus and the Cyclopes, by shooting first at an elm, then at an oak, before turning her aim on a wild animal: The first reference in literature to elms occurs in the "Iliad". When Eetion, father of Andromache, is killed by Achilles during the Trojan War, the Mountain Nymphs plant elms on his tomb ("περὶ δὲ πτελέoι εφύτεψαν νύμφαι ὀρεστιάδες, κoῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχoιo"). Also in the Iliad, when the River Scamander, indignant at the sight of so many corpses in his water, overflows and threatens to drown Achilles, the latter grasps a branch of a great elm in an attempt to save himself ("ὁ δὲ πτελέην ἕλε χερσὶν εὐφυέα μεγάλην". The Nymphs also planted elms on the tomb in the Thracian Chersonese of "great-hearted Protesilaus" ("μεγάθυμου Πρωτεσιλάου"), the first Greek to fall in the Trojan War. These elms grew to be the tallest in the known world; but when their topmost branches saw far off the ruins of Troy, they immediately withered, so great still was the bitterness of the hero buried below, who had been loved by Laodamia and slain by Hector. The story is the subject of a poem by Antiphilus of Byzantium (1st century AD) in the Palatine Anthology: Protesilaus had been king of Pteleos ("Πτελεός") in Thessaly, which took its name from the abundant elms ("πτελέoι") in the region. Elms occur often in pastoral poetry, where they symbolise the idyllic life, their shade being mentioned as a place of special coolness and peace. In the first Idyll of Theocritus (3rd century BC), for example, the goat-herd invites the shepherd to sit "here beneath the elm" ("δεῦρ' ὑπὸ τὰν πτελέαν") and sing. Beside elms Theocritus places "the sacred water" ("το ἱερὸν ὕδωρ") of the Springs of the Nymphs and the shrines to the nymphs. Aside from references literal and metaphorical to the elm and vine theme, the tree occurs in Latin literature in the Elm of Dreams in the Aeneid. When the Sibyl of Cumae leads Aeneas down to the Underworld, one of the sights is the Stygian Elm: Virgil refers to a Roman superstition ("vulgo") that elms were trees of ill-omen because their fruit seemed to be of no value. It has been noted that two elm-motifs have arisen from classical literature: (1) the 'Paradisal Elm' motif, arising from pastoral idylls and the elm-and-vine theme, and (2) the 'Elm and Death' motif, perhaps arising from Homer's commemorative elms and Virgil's Stygian Elm. Many references to elm in European literature from the Renaissance onwards fit into one or other of these categories. There are two examples of "pteleogenesis" (:birth from elms) in world myths. In Germanic and Scandinavian mythology the first woman, Embla, was fashioned from an elm, while in Japanese mythology Kamuy Fuchi, the chief goddess of the Ainu people, "was born from an elm impregnated by the Possessor of the Heavens". The elm occurs frequently in English literature, one of the best known instances being in Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream", where Titania, Queen of the Fairies, addresses her beloved Nick Bottom using an elm-simile. Here, as often in the elm-and-vine motif, the elm is a masculine symbol: Another of the most famous kisses in English literature, that of Paul and Helen at the start of Forster's "Howards End", is stolen beneath a great wych elm. The elm tree is also referenced in children's literature. "An Elm Tree and Three Sisters" by Norma Sommerdorf is a children's book about three young sisters that plant a small elm tree in their backyard. The cutting of the elm was a diplomatic altercation between the Kings of France and England in 1188, during which an elm tree near Gisors in Normandy was felled. In politics the elm is associated with revolutions. In England after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the final victory of parliamentarians over monarchists, and the arrival from Holland, with William III and Mary II, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
in the elm-and-vine motif, the elm is a masculine symbol: Another of the most famous kisses in English literature, that of Paul and Helen at the start of Forster's "Howards End", is stolen beneath a great wych elm. The elm tree is also referenced in children's literature. "An Elm Tree and Three Sisters" by Norma Sommerdorf is a children's book about three young sisters that plant a small elm tree in their backyard. The cutting of the elm was a diplomatic altercation between the Kings of France and England in 1188, during which an elm tree near Gisors in Normandy was felled. In politics the elm is associated with revolutions. In England after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the final victory of parliamentarians over monarchists, and the arrival from Holland, with William III and Mary II, of the 'Dutch Elm' hybrid, planting of this cultivar became a fashion among enthusiasts of the new political order. In the American Revolution 'The Liberty Tree' was an American white elm in Boston, Massachusetts, in front of which, from 1765, the first resistance meetings were held against British attempts to tax the American colonists without democratic representation. When the British, knowing that the tree was a symbol of rebellion, felled it in 1775, the Americans took to widespread 'Liberty Elm' planting, and sewed elm symbols on to their revolutionary flags. Elm-planting by American Presidents later became something of a tradition. In the French Revolution, too, "Les arbres de la liberté" (:Liberty Trees), often elms, were planted as symbols of revolutionary hopes, the first in Vienne, Isère, in 1790, by a priest inspired by the Boston elm. "L'Orme de La Madeleine" (:the Elm of La Madeleine), Faycelles, Département de Lot, planted around 1790 and surviving to this day, was a case in point. By contrast, a famous Parisian elm associated with the "Ancien Régime", "L'Orme de Saint-Gervais" in the Place St-Gervais, was "felled" by the revolutionaries; church authorities planted a new elm in its place in 1846, and an early 20th-century elm stands on the site today. Premier Lionel Jospin, obliged by tradition to plant a tree in the garden of the Hôtel Matignon, the official residence and workplace of Prime Ministers of France, insisted on planting an elm, so-called 'tree of the Left', choosing the new disease-resistant hybrid 'Clone 762' ("Ulmus" 'Wanoux' =). In the French Republican Calendar, in use from 1792 to 1806, the 12th day of the month Ventôse (= 2 March) was officially named "jour de l'Orme", Day of the Elm. Liberty Elms were also planted in other countries in Europe to celebrate their revolutions, an example being "L'Olmo di Montepaone, L'Albero della Libertà" (:the Elm of Montepaone, Liberty Tree) in Montepaone, Calabria, planted in 1799 to commemorate the founding of the democratic Parthenopean Republic, and surviving till it was brought down by a recent storm (it has since been cloned and 'replanted'). After the Greek Revolution of 1821-32, a thousand young elms were brought to Athens from Missolonghi, "Sacred City of the Struggle" against the Turks and scene of Lord Byron's death, and planted in 1839-40 in the National Garden. In an ironic development, feral elms have spread and invaded the grounds of the abandoned Greek royal summer palace at Tatoi in Attica. The name of what is now the London neighborhood of Seven Sisters is derived from seven elms which stood there at the time when it was a rural area, planted a circle with a walnut tree at their centre, and traceable on maps back to 1619. Elm propagation methods vary according to elm type and location, and the plantsman's needs. Native species may be propagated by seed. In their natural setting native species, such as wych elm and European White Elm in central and northern Europe and Field Elm in southern Europe, set viable seed in ‘favourable' seasons. Optimal conditions occur after a late warm spring. After pollination, seeds of spring-flowering elms ripen and fall at the start of summer (June); they remain viable for only a few days. They are planted in sandy potting-soil at a depth of one centimetre, and germinate in three weeks. Slow-germinating American Elm will remain dormant until the second season. Seeds from autumn-flowering elms ripen in the Fall and germinate in the spring. Since elms may hybridize within and between species, seed-propagation entails a hybridisation risk. In unfavourable seasons elm seeds are usually sterile. Elms outside their natural range, such as "Ulmus procera" in England, and elms unable to pollinate because pollen-sources are genetically identical, are sterile and are propagated by vegetative reproduction. Vegetative reproduction is also used to produce genetically identical elms (clones). Methods include the winter transplanting of root-suckers; taking hardwood cuttings from vigorous one-year-old shoots in late winter, taking root-cuttings in early spring; taking softwood cuttings in early summer; grafting; ground and air layering; and micropropagation. A bottom heat of 18 degrees and humid conditions are maintained for hard- and softwood cuttings. The transplanting of root-suckers remains the easiest and commonest propagation-method for European Field Elm and its hybrids. For 'specimen' urban elms, grafting to wych-elm root-stock may be used to eliminate suckering or to ensure stronger root-growth. The mutant-elm cultivars are usually grafted, the ‘weeping' elms 'Camperdown' and 'Horizontalis' at , the dwarf cultivars 'Nana' and 'Jacqueline Hillier' at ground level. Since the Siberian Elm is drought-tolerant, in dry countries new varieties of elm are often root-grafted on this species. Elm Elms | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Just Jinjer Just Jinjer (formerly known as Just Jinger) is a contemporary rock group from South Africa. Just Jinjer is one of the top selling rock bands in South African history, with over 250,000 units sold. Over the last decade, the band has performed and toured with U2, Counting Crows and Def Leppard among many others, performing for hundreds of thousands of fans in venues all around the world from the UK to Dubai, and released six critically acclaimed albums. The band's debut album, "All Comes Round", became the best-selling rock album in South African history. Their second album, "Something for Now", was certified gold in only three weeks from release. Both albums achieved platinum certification. 2004 saw Just Jinger (as their name was then spelled) doing several arena shows with the Counting Crows and completed their own sold out tours of London and Dubai. In 2005, the band recorded their international debut album with Grammy Award-winning producer David Bianco in Los Angeles. In 2006 Just Jinger changed the spelling of their name to 'Just Jinjer', to avoid having the second word in their name mispronounced or instead of . They released a new eponymous album in 2006 with this new spelling, consisting of 13 songs including both new and old material. Current members Former members Just Jinjer Just Jinjer (formerly known as Just Jinger) is a contemporary rock group from South Africa. Just Jinjer is one of the top selling rock bands in South African history, with over 250,000 units sold. Over the last decade, the band has performed and toured with U2, Counting Crows and Def Leppard among many others, performing for hundreds of thousands of fans in venues all around the world from the UK to Dubai, and released six critically acclaimed albums. The band's debut album, | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Andrei Ujică Andrei Ujică (born 1951 in Timişoara, Romania) is a Romanian screenwriter and director. Ujicǎ studied literature in Timișoara, Bucharest and Heidelberg. He moved to Germany in 1981. In 1990 he began making films. Together with Harun Farocki, he created "Videograms of a Revolution", a film which has become a standard work in Europe when referring to relationships between political power and the media and the end of the Cold War, and which was listed by the magazine "Les Cahiers du Cinema" as one of the top 10 subversive films of all time. His next work, "Out of the Present", told the story of the cosmonaut Sergei Krikalyov who spent 10 months on board MIR, while back on Earth, the Soviet Union collapsed. The film has been compared to classics such as "2001: A Space Odyssey" and "Solaris" and is considered one of the non-fiction cult films of the 1990s. His 2005 project, "Unknown Quantity", creates a fictional conversation between Paul Virilio and Svetlana Alexievich, author of "Voices from Chernobyl", exploring the witness's protocol and the generation of history into catastrophe. In 2001, Ujicǎ became a professor for film at the Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design. He founded the ZKM Film Institute in 2002 and is its director. Andrei Ujică Andrei Ujică (born 1951 in Timişoara, Romania) is a Romanian screenwriter and director. Ujicǎ studied literature in Timișoara, Bucharest and Heidelberg. He moved to Germany in 1981. In 1990 he began making films. Together with Harun Farocki, he created "Videograms of a Revolution", a film which has become a standard work in Europe when referring to relationships between political power and the media and the end of the Cold War, and which was listed by the magazine "Les Cahiers du Cinema" as one of the top 10 subversive | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Beatbox House Beatbox House is an American beatbox collective based in New York City consisting of 6 award winning beatboxers. The beatbox house began as a residence home in Brooklyn, New York for beatboxer Chris Celiz and Izzy Freedman who one day had an idea to create a place for beatboxers to connect and socialize. Beatboxers Mark Martin and Johnny Buffalo lived in the house and organized jam sessions and performances for beatboxers.Artists from worldwide locations would lodge in the house when traveling for shows. Eventually, Beatboxers Neil Medows of Pennsylvania,Kenny Urban of Connecticut, Amit Bhowmick and Kaila Mullady of New York City, and Gene Shinozaki of Boston,Met up along with Chris at the American Human Beatbox festival, joined the residency and decided to form an official group. They often do their performances Busking in the subways and streets of New York City. Neil "Napom" Meadows is an award winning beatboxer, whose titles include: 2017 Grand Beatbox Champion, 2015 Vice World Champion, 2014 + 2015 American Beatbox Champion, 2014 Midwest Champion & 2x Unity Champion. His beatbox style involves his signature percussive sounds and extensive lip roll techniques. He started beatboxing after high school, won the 2014 American beatbox championships at age 18 and was given the opportunity to compete at the world championships which helped him earn his title as the 2015 Vice World Beatbox Champion. He is also known for his work with fellow beatbox house member Kenny Urban as "K-POM". In 2018, he released a beatbox album "Lips" with Swissbeatbox. Amit Bhowmick is a hip hop artist who started beatboxing at the age of 14. His beatbox sound involves his extensive usage of technical beats and deep bass sounds. His title credits include 2012 Midwest Champion and 2014 East Coast Champion. Gene Shinozaki is a beatbox musician from Boston MA. He began his music career attending Berklee College, studying drumming as a major, Before dropping out to pursue a career in beatboxing. His beatbox style involves his imitation of guitar power chords using lip oscillation techniques, his melodic sounds, and clicks. He often incorporates singer songwriter elements into his performances. He cites Bobby Mcferrin as a primary influence on his sound. Chris Celiz who is the founding member of Beatbox house, is a beatboxer, Musician and Teacher. He is the 2015 American 2v2 Champion. He is most known for his signature percussive grooves and harmonic sounds. He has done work for artists such as Harry Belafonte, Bryonn Bain and Dana Leong. He has been ranked as one of the top North American beatboxers. Kaila Mullady is an American musician, Beatboxer,Actress and multi-instrumentalist. She is one of the pioneering figures in the Art of beatrhyming. Her title credits include 2015 Female World Beatbox Champion, 3 time American Loop Station Champion, 2014 American Vice Champion and 3-time American Beatrhyme Champion. Her beatbox style involves extensive beatrhyming, polyrhythms, and the mouth trumpet technique. She is well known for her one woman band performances, where she combines, singing,rapping,beatboxing, Guitar and live looping, to create full songs and compositions. She is an avid instructor who teaches beatboxing and beatrhyming. She was trained as a beatrhymer by beatbox legend Kid Lucky. Kenny Urban is an American beatboxer and singer, whose title credits include 2016 Grand Beatbox Champion, 2015 Vice American Beatbox Champion, 2014 2v2 Champion and 2x Unity Beatbox Champion. His beatbox style involves bass emphasized beats, synth sounds and extensive singing. He is a private beatbox instructor and has also taught workshops in various schools such as Harvard University and The Raymond York Elementary School. Beatbox House Beatbox House is an American | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Corybas dowlingii Corybas dowlingii, commonly known as red lanterns, is a rare species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New South Wales. It grows in colonies and has a round or heart-shaped leaf and a dark purplish red flower with white patches in the labellum. "Corybas dowlingii" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a single round or heart-shaped leaf long and wide. The leaf is dark green on the upper surface and slightly reddish on the lower side. A single erect, dark purplish red flower, long and wide is borne on a stalk long. The dorsal sepal is long, wide and curved. The lateral sepals are linear, about long and wide, tapered and held horizontally or turned upwards towards the labellum. The petals are about long and hidden behind the labellum. The labellum is translucent white with red blotches and tube-shaped near its base. The tube is about long then expanded into a flat area long and wide. There are two whitish spurs about long turning downwards from the base of the labellum. Flowering occurs from June to August. "Corybas dowlingii" was first formally described in 2004 by David Jones from a specimen collected by Bill Dowling on Bulahdelah Mountain. The description was published in "The Orchadian". The specific epithet ("dowlingii") honours the collector of the type specimen. Red lanterns grows in gullies in tall forest and is only known from four localities between Bulahdelah, Port Stephens and Freemans Waterhole. This orchid is listed as "endangered" under the New South Wales "Threatened Species Conservation Act". It is threatened by land clearing and habitat degradation, rubbish dumping and recreational overuse. Corybas dowlingii Corybas dowlingii, commonly known as red lanterns, is a rare species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New South Wales. It grows in colonies and has a round or heart-shaped | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Ruth Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church The Ruth Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, also known as Parker United Methodist Church, is a historic church at 19670 E. Mainstreet in Parker, Colorado. It was built in 1913 and was added to the National Register in 1989. It was deemed notable on architectural grounds:Architecturally, this structure is an outstanding example of the type of building that was constructed by early pioneers for their worship services. Since no significant structural changes have been made to the exterior, the building is an outstanding example of the construction style of this era. This structure also stands as the center of non-sectarian religious activities in the area. It is significant to the history of the area as the first church built in Parker and the only unaltered church building remaining within the Parker town limits. Ruth Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church The Ruth Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, also known as Parker United Methodist Church, is a historic church at 19670 E. Mainstreet in Parker, Colorado. It was built in 1913 and was added to the National Register in 1989. It was deemed notable on architectural grounds:Architecturally, this structure is an outstanding example of the type of building that was | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
David Michael Barrett David Michael Barrett (born April 3, 1971) is an award-winning screenwriter and film producer in Los Angeles, California. Best known for his films "Bad Actress", "Such Good People" and "Kiss Me, Kill Me", his play "Brentwood" was featured in Noah Wylie's prestigious Blank Theatre Company's Living Room Series of new works. He's an alumnus of Outfest's Screenwriting Lab, and has served as a mentor at the International Academy of Film and Television where he sits on their advisory board. "Bad Actress" is a dark comedy about has-been TV star, Alyssa Rampart-Pillage (Beth Broderick), whose career is restarted when she’s accused of murdering her husband, Bernie (Chris Mulkey). A screwball comedy, "Such Good People" tells the story of Richard (Michael Urie) and Alex (Randy Harrison) who, while house-sitting for rich humanitarian friends, find a huge stash of cash in the residence. When the homeowners die in a car crash, altruism and greed collide as Richard and Alex try to decide what to do with the money. Directed by Stewart Wade. A contemporary film noir psychological thriller, "Kiss Me, Kill Me" is a murder mystery about Dusty (Van Hansis) who blacks-out while confronting his unfaithful boyfriend. When he comes to, his boyfriend Stephen (Gale Harold) has been murdered, and he's the prime suspect. Directed by Casper Andreas. In June 2016, "Kiss Me, Kill Me" screened opening night at FilmOut San Diego International Film Festival, where picture won six awards, including Best Feature and David Michael Barrett won Best Screenplay. In addition to producing "Such Good People", "Kiss Me, Kill Me", and executive producing "Bad Actress", in 2016 Barrett co-produced the award-winning documentary "". The feature film documentary, directed by Tiffany Rhynard and edited by Heather Matthews, tells the story of Moises Serrano, an undocumented and queer young man who grew up in rural North Carolina. Picture had its world premiere at Outfest where it won the Freedom Award for Best Documentary, 2016, then went on to win the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Social Justice Film award at the 2016 Charlotte Film Festival. Born in Seattle, David Michael Barrett grew up in the San Fernando Valley neighborhood of Northridge. During his high school years, he was active in Jewish youth group BBYO: the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, where he served as S'gan (vice-president) for the Southern California region. In college, he studied screenwriting and film production at California State University, Northridge, where he graduated Summa Cum Laude, and was an active member of Zeta Beta Tau. He married Mark Peters on Feb. 16, 2004. Barrett's chronicle of their wedding in the historic San Francisco 2004 same-sex weddings inspired the publication of a non-fiction collection of essays: "Hitched! Wedding Stories from San Francisco City Hall", edited by Cheryl Dumesnil, published by Da Capo Press (September 21, 2005). Barrett and Peters live in the Silverlake neighborhood of Los Angeles. David Michael Barrett David Michael Barrett (born April 3, 1971) is an award-winning screenwriter and film producer in Los Angeles, California. Best known | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Washington Executive Airport Washington Executive Airport , also known as Washington Executive Airpark or Hyde Field, is a public use general aviation airport located southwest of the central business district (CBD) of Clinton, in Prince George's County, Maryland, USA. Hyde Field is one of the "Maryland 3" airports located within the Washington, D.C. Flight Restricted Zone (FRZ), so it is subject to the Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA) restrictions imposed by the FAA after the September 11 attacks. It is located just east of a slightly smaller airport called Potomac Airfield. Hyde opened in 1934 as a training field for United States Army aviators. Due to the onerous SFRA restrictions leading to declining revenues at the airport, in 2008 there plans to shut it down and redevelop the land. However, the airport has remained open and operational. Washington Executive Airport/Hyde Field covers and has one runway: Washington Executive Airport Washington Executive Airport , also known as Washington Executive Airpark or Hyde Field, is a public use general aviation airport located southwest of the central business district (CBD) of Clinton, in Prince George's County, Maryland, USA. Hyde Field is one of the "Maryland 3" airports located within the Washington, D.C. Flight | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
1854 Swiss federal election Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 29 October 1854. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council, winning 80 of the 120 seats. The 120 members of the National Council were elected in 49 single- and multi-member constituencies; there was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population. The elections were held using a three-round system; candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. In six cantons (Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Glarus, Nidwalden, Obwalden and Uri), National Council members were elected by the Landsgemeinde. 1854 Swiss federal election Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 29 October 1854. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council, winning 80 of the 120 seats. The 120 members of the National Council were elected in 49 single- and multi-member constituencies; there was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population. The elections were held | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Mountain Island, North Carolina Mountain Island is suburb of Charlotte, North Carolina. Located in Riverbend Township in northeastern Gaston County, it is an affluent home to many private schools and lakes. It is approximately north of Mount Holly. Mountain Island is named for a small island in Mountain Island Lake, on the border of Gaston and Mecklenburg counties. Located on the extreme southwestern end of the lake, the island is mainly used as an anchor point for recreation, picnicking, and camping. A cotton mill, said by some authorities to be the first in Gaston County, was established on Mountain Island in 1848 by Thomas R. Tate and Henry Humphreys, owners of the Mount Hecla steam-powered mill near Greensboro, North Carolina. They hoped to take advantage of the less expensive water power from the Catawba River. The site at river’s edge featured a partially completed canal around the shoals that could be used for a mill race, and a steep island whose top now rises from the lake. Machinery was moved from the Mount Hecla mill by mule-drawn wagon and operations began in 1849. A village of brick houses grew around the mill. The mill and village were destroyed on July 15, 1916 in a flood caused by a hurricane. In 1920 the Charlottesville, Virginia company of Rinehart and Dennis was awarded a Duke Power Company contract to build a dam at Mountain Island for the purpose of using water power to generate electricity. To supplement housing for its workers, a large number of temporary frame houses were built by the contractor. In 1923, only seven years after the flood, the Mountain Island Hydroelectric Plant was completed and in service. The Mountain Island Dam and Hydroelectric Station still operates today. St. Joseph's Catholic Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Mountain Island, North Carolina Mountain Island is suburb of Charlotte, North Carolina. Located in Riverbend Township in northeastern Gaston County, it is an affluent home to many private schools and lakes. It is approximately north of Mount Holly. Mountain Island is named for a small island in Mountain Island Lake, on the border of Gaston and Mecklenburg counties. Located on the extreme southwestern end of the lake, the island is mainly used as an anchor point for recreation, picnicking, and camping. A cotton mill, said by some authorities to be the first in Gaston County, was | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
Michael Roberts (fashion journalist) Michael Roberts (born October 2, 1947) is a British fashion journalist. He is the fashion and style director of "Vanity Fair" magazine. He has worked as fashion director for "The New Yorker", fashion editor of "The Sunday Times", style director and art director of "Tatler", design director of British "Vogue", Paris editor of "Vanity Fair", and editor of Boulevard Magazine. He has also worked as a fashion photographer and illustrator, contributing images to publications including "Vanity Fair"; "L'Uomo Vogue"; British, Italian, French, American, Chinese, Brazilian, and Japanese "Vogue"; "The Sunday Times"; and "The Independent on Sunday". He has published four books of his illustrations. Michael Roberts (fashion journalist) Michael Roberts (born October 2, 1947) is a British fashion journalist. He is the fashion and style director of "Vanity Fair" magazine. He has worked as fashion director for "The New Yorker", fashion editor of "The Sunday Times", style director and art director of "Tatler", design director of British "Vogue", Paris editor of "Vanity Fair", and editor of Boulevard Magazine. He has also worked as a fashion photographer and illustrator, contributing images to publications including "Vanity Fair"; "L'Uomo Vogue"; British, Italian, French, American, Chinese, Brazilian, and Japanese "Vogue"; | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
You're Making Me Hot-Hot-Hot " You're Making Me Hot-Hot-Hot" is a successful English language single by Swedish singer Linda Pritchard. She sang the song written by Pritchard took part in the Melodifestivalen 2010 in a bid to represent Sweden in the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest in Oslo. On 14 October 2009 SVT had revealed the first 27 entries which the jury had selected, of a total of 2860 submissions to the contest. However, on 15 October 2009, it was announced that the song "Never Heard of Him", composed by Figge Boström and Anna Engh, was disqualified after it appeared briefly on Figge Boström's MySpace page. The song was replaced on 20 October 2009 by this song "You're Making Me Hot-Hot-Hot", written by Tobias Lundgren, Johan Fransson and Tim Larsson. Pritchard performed the song live on the first semi-final held on 6 February 2010 in Fjällräven Center, Örnsköldsvik in a strong dance number, joined on stage by six female backing dancers, with dancing typically being an integral part of her stage performance. The song however did not qualify for the finals coming 5th of 8 acts in the first semi-final. Despite the fact that the song didn't pass through to the finals, it proved popular with the public and was released on Universal Sweden reaching #8 on the Sverigetopplistan, the official Swedish Singles Chart on the chart dated 26 February 2010. It stayed a total of 6 weeks on the chart. You're Making Me Hot-Hot-Hot " You're Making Me Hot-Hot-Hot" is a successful English language single by Swedish singer Linda Pritchard. She sang the song written by Pritchard took part in the Melodifestivalen 2010 in a bid to represent Sweden in the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest in Oslo. On 14 October 2009 SVT had revealed the first 27 entries which the | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
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