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"retrieved": [
"Justine Lorton-Radburn Justine Joanna Lorton (born Justine Joanna Lorton 11 March 1974) is an English footballer, and former England international player. A deep–lying forward player, Lorton enjoyed two spells at Arsenal Ladies as well as playing in Iceland and Sweden. Lorton emerged from the Wembley Ladies team managed by John Jones, at the same time as Kelly Smith. Alongside several other promising youngsters, Lorton and Smith won the FA Women's Premier League Cup with Wembley in 1995–96. The following season, Lorton moved to Millwall Lionesses and won both the 1996–97 Premier League Cup and FA Women's Cup, beating old team Wembley in the final of the latter competition. Louise Waller headed the winning goal from Lorton's corner, in front of 3,015 supporters at Upton Park. Lorton moved to Arsenal in 1998. In the 1999 FA Women's Cup final against Southampton Saints, Lorton created both goals in Arsenal's 2–0 win. From 1999 until 2001 Lorton enjoyed three short but productive spells in Icelandic football with Stjarnan, scoring eight goals in a total of 24 appearances. She also played for a Swedish club before returning to England. After joining Charlton Athletic, in March 2003 Lorton hit a late winner from the penalty spot to defeat Arsenal in the FA Women's Cup semi–final and take Charlton into their first final. This was despite \"shaking like a leaf\" due to nerves. However, Lorton was then on the losing side as The Addicks were soundly beaten by professional Fulham in the final. She finished as Charlton's top goalscorer in the competition with four goals. In 2003–04 Lorton was back with Arsenal and was a 90th-minute substitute as The Gunners recaptured the FA Women's Cup, beating Charlton 3–0 in the final at Loftus Road. On her second debut for Arsenal Lorton scored in a 9–2 win over Tranmere Rovers. Lorton also featured from the bench during Arsenal's run to the 2004–05 UEFA Women's Cup semi–final. After a season with Fulham in 2005–06, Lorton signed for Bristol Academy in summer 2006. In November 2006 she scored in a 5–1 win over Fulham which took Bristol Academy to the top of the FA Women's Premier League table for the first time in the club's history. She signed for Portsmouth in 2009 and scored in Pompey's shock Premier League Cup win over Sunderland in January 2011. She has played at Yeovil Town and now dons the green and white colours of Keynsham Town. As a Millwall Lionesses player, Lorton made her senior England debut as substitute for Sue Smith in a 4–0 friendly win over Scotland at Almondvale Stadium on 23 August 1997. She then replaced Gillian Coultard during a February 1998 3–2 friendly defeat in France and made a third appearance in Hope Powell's first match in charge, a 1–0 home friendly defeat to Sweden in July 1998. Lorton made one competitive appearance during England's unsuccessful Women's World Cup 1999 qualifying attempt, against Romania. In 1999 she featured against Italy in a 4–1 friendly defeat and won a sixth cap as a 53rd-minute substitute for Angela Banks in a 1–0 victory over Denmark. Lorton continued to be selected in the National squad ahead of UEFA Women's Euro 2001, but was not included in the final squad. In July 2013 Lorton married Yeovil teammate Jade Radburn. In late 2016 Lorton filed for divorce. Justine Lorton-Radburn Justine Joanna Lorton (born Justine Joanna Lorton 11 March 1974) is an English footballer, and former England international player. A deep–lying forward player, Lorton enjoyed two spells at Arsenal Ladies as well as playing in Iceland and Sweden. Lorton emerged from the Wembley Ladies"
]
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{
"retrieved": [
"Red Barn Gallery The Red Barn Gallery, or RBG Belfast, is a photography gallery and exhibition space in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, and the first there to be dedicated to film and analogue based exhibitions. It opened in 2008, but was not constituted as the RBG Arts Group until May 2009. The Red Barn Gallery is one of the latest photography gallery spaces in Belfast. The Red Barn Gallery was converted from a pub by photographer Frankie Quinn, who used a thousand litres of white paint for the job but kept some of the trappings of the pub. The pub was built on the site of and gets its name from an actual barn. After the pub closed in the early 80s, the premises were used as temporary storage space and as a warehouse, or lay empty. It is a not for profit photographic gallery dedicated to the advancement and provision of the photographic arts for public benefit. The gallery's website states, \"Our aim is to inspire and educate through exhibitions, projects and workshops with the objective of encouraging the appreciation and improvement of social documentary photography.\" The gallery is dedicated to the traditional use of film and the principles of minimal post processing use of photo editing software and maintains a core ethos of photography captured in the camera and not heavily edited or altered on a computer. Red Barn Gallery The Red Barn Gallery, or RBG Belfast, is a photography gallery and exhibition space in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, and the first there to be dedicated to film and analogue based exhibitions. It opened in 2008, but was not constituted as the RBG Arts Group until May 2009. The Red Barn Gallery is one of the latest photography gallery spaces in Belfast. The Red Barn Gallery was converted"
]
} | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
{
"retrieved": [
"Arcadia Machine & Tool Arcadia Machine & Tool, commonly abbreviated to AMT, was a firearms manufacturer from Irwindale, California. The company produced several weapons, primarily clones of existing firearms, but made from stainless steel rather than the traditional steel used for most firearms of the time. AMT was described by the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) as one of the \"Ring of Fire companies\", known for their large-scale manufacture of Saturday night specials. The company filed for bankruptcy after their products were marred with quality and reliability problems, and the assets and trademark were acquired by Irwindale Arms Incorporated (IAI). Later, in 1998, Galena Industries of Sturgis, South Dakota, purchased the company and produced firearms in the style of AMT's until 2001 when Crusader Gun Company (later High Standard Manufacturing Company) of Houston, Texas purchased it. AMT produced the following rifles: Arcadia Machine & Tool Arcadia Machine & Tool, commonly abbreviated to AMT, was a firearms manufacturer from Irwindale, California. The company produced several weapons, primarily clones of existing firearms, but made from stainless steel rather than the traditional steel used for most firearms of the time. AMT was described by the US Bureau of Alcohol,"
]
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{
"retrieved": [
"John Mortimer Warfield Air Commodore John \"Johnnie\" Mortimer Warfield CBE RAF was a bomber pilot during the Second World War, a senior RAF staff officer and commander during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s and, as an Air Commodore in his final tour, the ninth Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps. Warfield joined the Royal Air Force on 29 December 1930 on a short service commission and commenced training at the RAF Central Depot, RAF Uxbridge and two months later transferred to the No. 2 Flying Training School as a pilot under instruction. On 29 December 1931 he was posted as a pilot in the rank of Pilot Officer to No. 13 Squadron RAF. Promoted to Flying Officer in August 1932 and Flight Lieutenant in April 1936, Warfield was appointed as a flight commander on 13 Squadron before being posted to as a supernumerary officer at the Air Armaments School just three months later. Following his course on 3 July 1937 he was posted as Armament Officer at No. 5 Armament Training Establishment at RAF Penrhos. The following year he was posted overseas to RAF Kalafrana seaplane base on Malta where he was promoted to Squadron Leader. In February 1939, just before the Second World War started, Warfield was appointed as Command Armament Staff Officer at HQ Mediterranean Command at RAF Luqa serving under Air Vice Marshal Hugh Lloyd, a post he held until the spring of 1941 when he was promoted to Wing Commander and appointed as Officer Commanding of the Malta airbase RAF Ta' Qali. In December 1942 Warfield returned to the UK and was appointed as Officer Commanding No. 226 Squadron RAF flying Douglas Boston III twin engined bombers from RAF Wattisham in support of the United States Air Force during daylight raids over Germany. In April 1943 Warfield was promoted in temporary rank of Group Captain and served as the station commander of RAF Wattisham where he remained until near the end of the war, when he was reverted to the rank of Wing Commander briefly. When the war finished he was serving as Senior Officer Administration at Headquarters No 12 Group RAF. Immediately after the war Warfield was involved in the conflict with communist guerrilla forces on the Malayan Peninsula that created the Malayan Union. He was posted as Command Armament Officer at Headquarters Far Eastern Air Command. The following year he was promoted as a substantive Group Captain and appointed as Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) at Air Headquarters Malaya, later moving to Advance AHQ Malaya. In 1950 Warfield returned to the UK as Officer Commanding RAF Waddington in Lincolnshire. In September 1955 Warfield was promoted to Acting Air Commodore as Air Officer Commanding No. 66 (Scottish) Group RAF. In January 1957 the Air Commodore rank was made substantive and he was appointed as Air Officer Administration at Headquarters British Forces Arabian Peninsula. On 29 June 1959 Warfield took over as Commandant Royal Observer Corps from Air Commodore J H T Simpson. The ROC was Warfield's final service appointment and he retired on 26 June 1961, handing over command to Air Commodore C M Wight-Boycott. John Mortimer Warfield Air Commodore John \"Johnnie\" Mortimer Warfield CBE RAF was a bomber pilot during the Second World War, a senior RAF staff officer and commander during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s and, as an Air Commodore in his final tour, the ninth Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps. Warfield joined the Royal Air Force on 29 December 1930 on a short service commission and commenced training at the RAF Central Depot, RAF Uxbridge and two months"
]
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{
"retrieved": [
"Yau Man Street Yau Man Street (Chinese: 祐民街) connects Greig Road and King's Road in Quarry Bay on Hong Kong Island. Cross-Harbour Route 116's eastern terminus is Quarry Bay (Yau Man Street), and it's the only bus route using the terminus. It's complained by the bus drivers that there are no regulator's room or resting area. At the same time, the serious illegal parking blocked the bus terminus. Mount Parker Cable Car was built in 1892, the starting point is located at the bus terminus on this street. After 40 years' operating, it was demolished. The starting terminus is developed as residential area then. Yau Man Street Yau Man Street (Chinese: 祐民街) connects Greig Road and King's Road in Quarry Bay on Hong Kong Island. Cross-Harbour Route 116's eastern terminus is Quarry Bay (Yau Man Street), and it's the only bus route using the terminus. It's complained by the bus drivers that there are no regulator's room or resting area. At the same time, the serious illegal parking blocked the bus terminus. Mount Parker Cable Car was built in 1892, the starting point is located at the bus terminus on this street. After 40 years' operating, it was demolished. The"
]
} | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
{
"retrieved": [
"Athol Park, South Australia Athol Park is a north-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Charles Sturt. The suburb lies at the western end of Grand Junction Road, which also forms its northern boundary. It is bordered to the east by Hanson Road, to the west by Glenroy Street, to the east by Hanson Rd, with Hamilton Road forming the bulk of its southern boundary. The southern portion of Athol Park is residential with a light industrial area in the north. The suburb is home to a large number of Housing Trust homes. In the 1990s, plans were made for the Westwood Urban Renewal project, of which Ferryden Park, Angle Park, Woodville Gardens, and Mansfield Park were also a part. This involved replacing the Housing Trust homes with either private housing or a new townhouse-style housing trust homes. The 2006 Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics counted 1,307 persons in Athol Park on census night. Of these, 50.3% were male and 49.7% were female. The majority of residents (47.9%) are of Australian birth, with other common census responses being Vietnam (15.1%) and Poland (3.4%). The age distribution of Athol Park residents is similar to that of the greater Australian population. 63.8% of residents were over 25 years in 2006, compared to the Australian average of 66.5%; and 36.2% were younger than 25 years, compared to the Australian average of 33.5%. Athol Park is part of Woodville Ward in the City of Charles Sturt local government area, being represented in that council by Oanh Nguyen and Robert Grant. Athol Park lies in the state electoral district of Cheltenham and the federal electoral division of Port Adelaide. The suburb is represented in the South Australian House of Assembly by Jay Weatherill and federally by Mark Butler. There are shops on Hanson Road. Fawks Reserve is located on Hanson Road. There is also greenspace between Ely and Gateshead streets. Athol Park is serviced by Hanson Road, and Grand Junction Road, which forms its eastern boundary. Athol Park is serviced by public transport run by the Adelaide Metro. The Finsbury railway line used to run parallel to Glenroy Street, mainly to facilitate the industrial activity in the area, but this was removed in 1979 due to industrial decline. The suburb is serviced by the following bus routes: Athol Park, South Australia Athol Park is a north-western suburb"
]
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{
"retrieved": [
"Lee Hunter (Hollyoaks) Lee Hunter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Alex Carter. The youngest son of Les (John Graham Davies) and Sally Hunter (Katherine Dow Blyton), he made his first on-screen appearance on 13 May 2001. The character was described as \"wayward\", a \"cheeky chap\" and a \"wheeler dealer\". Carter announced his decision to quit the serial in 2005 to have more free time, filming his departure scenes in October 2005 and departed on-screen 23 December 2005. Carter returned to \"Hollyoaks\" as a full-time character in September 2010, reintroduced by series producer Paul Marquess, although his comeback scenes aired in internet spin-off \"\". Upon his return, the character has been described as \"a tool\", \"confident\" and \"arrogant\". In May 2011 it was announced Carter had quit again, in order to pursue other projects. Lee first appears in May 2001 as part as the Hunter family, when he is brought home by the police. Lee gets into trouble at school and starts to fail his exams. This causes his depressed, since his eldest sister Ellie has been disappear in Ibiza for two years, and then she came back to Hollyoaks in 2002. Things get worse for Lee, as his sister Lisa is bullied by Steph Dean, causing her to self-harm, with the help of his parents, Ellie and Dan, Lee supportive Lisa for his entire life. Lee gradually becomes best friends with Bombhead (Lee Otway). Lee is delighted when he starts to make money by schemes, but they often go wrong. Lee grows close to Abby Davies (Helen Noble) and forms a relationship with her. He and Abby continue to fall out and make up. Lee has a fling with Abby's best friend Zara Morgan. Lee proposes to Abby and she accepts before leaving for university in Brighton. Lee becomes miserable after her departure and annoys his friends. He visits Abby and finds her in bed with another man. Lee is devastated when Abby breaks off their engagement. Abby tells him she made a mistake accepting his proposal, while there was more bad news to Lee as his sister Ellie lost her memory and accused their brother Dan for killing her husband Toby, which he turns against her for her actions, alongside with her family, while one year later, Dan died from car explosion, and blames Ellie for what she's did to Dan, and told her, alongside with Lisa that she's not part of the family forever, causing Ellie to leave Hollyoaks. Lee starts a beauty therapy student at Hollyoaks Community College after he fails to enrol in film studies because of his grades. He becomes college president and alienates Bombhead. Lee's opponent Chris Fenwick (Chris Grierson) becomes vice president after he accepts him. Chris tries to manipulate Lee into spending more than what the college fund has. Lee refuses to believe Bombhead when he tells him what Chris is doing. After the revelation, Lee doesn't speak to Bombhead after he thinks that he stole the missing money. Chris and Freddy Watson (Greg Kelly) frame Lee for the fire at the media lab, which Freddy caused. Zara saves Lee when she reveals Freddy's plot to the college council. Lee punches Chris. Lee is expelled from college with Zara, Chris and Freddy. Lee develops feelings for Zara and they become close. Zara decides to do voluntary work in Thailand. Later, Lee and Zara admit their feelings for each other. Lee leaves the village with Zara. Lee returns to the village with Leanne Holiday (Jessica Forrest). Lee re-enrolls at Hollyoaks Community College as a mature drama student. He learns that Darren Osborne (Ashley Taylor Dawson) has also enrolled. Darren tells Lee that Steph Cunningham's (Carley Stenson) cancer is terminal and he tries to avoid her. Steph notices him and they chat. Lee is shocked when Kevin Smith (Cameron Crighton) tells him that Leanne kissed Doug Carter (PJ Brennan) after seeing them. However, he believes Leanne when the group turn against Kevin and say he is a liar. Lee grows close to Amy Barnes (Ashley Slanina-Davies), after helping her college project. After Amy successfully performs her stand-up routine, Lee is shocked when Amy kisses him. Lee tells Leanne that he kissed Amy, but she forgives him. Lee tells her that he wants to spend the rest of his life with her. Lee finds a poster asking for directors to put on a production. Lee takes down the poster and successfully applies for the position. He writes a script naming the play 'MasKara' and casts Jem Costello (Helen Russell-Clark) and Jamil Fadel (Sikander Malik) in the lead roles. Lee also casts Texas Longford (Bianca Hendrickse-Spendlove). Later, Lee gives the cast more control after Jem and Texas complain to Leanne. Lee tries to hang some set up for the production and falls off the ladder, hurting his neck. Due to Lee's absence, Steph takes over the production, making drastic changes and hiring Carmel Valentine as the makeup artist. Lee is keen to see what Steph has changed in the production, but is horrified when he sees the costumes and props. He walks off, but then returns to give the production another go, however begins another argument and eventually upsets Steph after mentioning her cancer. Due to Lee's actions, Jem quits and Lee decides to re-cast the leading part to Amy. On the day of the production, he is forced by the cast members to apologise to Steph and does so. Things however are not sorted, as Darren fails to remember his lines and quits last minute. Lee, with no other options, casts himself as the part that Darren was scheduled to play. The production receives positive feedback from the cheering audience, however Nancy Hayton (Jessica Fox) writes a review which harshly criticises Lee's directing skills. Lee and Amy remain good friends and eventually Lee admits to Amy he believes he should not be marrying Leanne because he is attracted to her. They kiss and fall asleep next to each other, something which Leanne sees. When she moves the wedding forward Lee promises Amy he is going to dump Leanne for her. However the situation changes when Amy is hospitalized after being injured in a fire at Il Gnosh restaurant. Lee then tells Leanne the news but she does not care and tells him that she won't be there if Amy dies, defying him. Lee then goes to visit Steph's family to give them her farewell CD, as she had died in the fire whilst saving Amy and her children. Amy then makes a life-changing decision to leave Hollyoaks and ends her relationship with Lee. He is devastated, and Leanne tricks him into believing that she visited Amy and she wrote him a letter, when in fact, unbeknownst to Lee, Leanne wrote the letter herself in the hope that Lee would take her back. In January, Amy returns to the village and she and Lee reconcile and get engaged. When Amy applies for a teaching job, Lee sees her talking to an older man and getting the wrong impression, angrily confronts him and Amy is angry with Lee for showing her up. Lee also becomes jealous when she befriends Mark \"Dodger\" Savage (Danny Mac) and when Dodger gives her driving lessons and a false driver's licence, Lee reports him to the police but Amy is arrested and fined. After falling out with Lee over this, Amy later has a one-night stand with Dodger and she later guiltily confesses to Lee. Lee angrily confronts Dodger and a fight breaks out between them which Amy witnesses and she dumps Lee for embarrassing himself and her. After Lee apologizes and forgives her for sleeping with Dodger, he and Amy reconcile and set a date for their wedding. In October 2011, Lee in offered a job in New York City, which he accepts and he and Amy plan to move there with her children, but when Amy's ex-boyfriend Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson), father of her son Lucas, finds out about this, he tells them he won't let them take the children. Lee and Amy then invite him to join them in New York, and he accepts their offer but he could not get a VISA due to his criminal record, Ste then tells them he does not want the children to go and Lee turns down",
"Dodger and she later guiltily confesses to Lee. Lee angrily confronts Dodger and a fight breaks out between them which Amy witnesses and she dumps Lee for embarrassing himself and her. After Lee apologizes and forgives her for sleeping with Dodger, he and Amy reconcile and set a date for their wedding. In October 2011, Lee in offered a job in New York City, which he accepts and he and Amy plan to move there with her children, but when Amy's ex-boyfriend Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson), father of her son Lucas, finds out about this, he tells them he won't let them take the children. Lee and Amy then invite him to join them in New York, and he accepts their offer but he could not get a VISA due to his criminal record, Ste then tells them he does not want the children to go and Lee turns down the job offer, much to the shock of Amy and Ste. Amy then buys Lee tickets to New York, so he is able to go. Amy tells Lee she won't be going with him, and Lee leaves on his own in a taxi for the airport. Alex Carter successfully auditioned for the role of Lee Hunter in 2001 and joined the cast of \"Hollyoaks\" as the youngest son of Les (John Graham Davies) and Sally Hunter (Katherine Dow Blyton) and brother to Ellie (Sarah Baxendale), Dan (Andrew McNair) and Lisa (Gemma Atkinson). The character made his first on-screen appearance on 13 May 2001. In March 2004, the \"Sunday Mirror\" reported that Lee and the majority of the Hunter family would be axed along with ten other cast members. However Lee and the Hunter family remained in the serial and only six of the fourteen cast members announced were axed. In 2005 it was announced that Carter had quit the serial and would be leaving at the end of his contract. After developing feelings for friend Zara Morgan (Kelly Greenwood) who was leaving the village to do charity work in Thailand, Lee decided to accompany her, making his exit in the episode that aired on 22 December 2005. Speaking of his decision to quit in 2006, Carter said, \"It'd been five years, and it was long hours - I was working weekends and things - and realistically I'd had five years out of my life, I just wanted my weekends back. I wanted a bit of a life as well as work.\" In an interview with \"OK!\" magazine in 2010, Carter discussed the reasons why he initially quit \"Hollyoaks\" commenting, \"When I left \"Hollyoaks\" originally, in 2005, I was quite tired and ready to go, because of the schedules.\" In 2011, Paul Marquess was appointed as the new \"Hollyoaks\" producer. He planned to give \"Hollyoaks\" a \"shake up\", changing the productions team, writing characters out and replacing them with new ones. It was announced on 15 March 2010, that Marquess had decided to reintroduce Lee to the serial as part of his revamp. Carter signed an initial six-month contract with the soap after announcing his decision to leave his role as Jamie Hope in \"Emmerdale\". In an interview with entertainment website \"Digital Spy\" about Lee's return, Marquess explained, \"He turns up with another character. He's been working as a Gareth Gates impersonator on a cruise ship and he won't just have light stories because Alex is great. He's one of our new students. The thing about our new students is the audience will recognise some of them.\" Carter revealed that he has previously been in talks with Marquess' predecessor Allan, whom he knew from previously working on the show. In July 2010, it was announced that Carter would make his comeback scenes as Lee in new online spin-off \"\". Speaking of his appearance in the spin-off, Carter said he was thrilled, commenting, \"I'm thrilled to be back and it's really exciting that my first episodes are for the online spin-off.\" In the same month it was announced that Jessica Forrest had been cast as Lee's girlfriend Leanne Holiday. \"Digital Spy\" reported that Leanne would also appear in the spin-off before making her first appearance in \"Hollyoaks\" as a new student. In May 2011 it was announced that Carter had decided to leave the serial in order to pursue other projects. Speaking of his departure, Carter stated: \"After ten years in soap, it feels like the right time to find out what else is out there.\" In May 2004, Carter won the \"Best Comedy Performance\" award at the 2004 British Soap Awards for his portrayal of Lee, and in July 2005 he was nominated for \"Best Actor\" at the 2005 National Television Awards. Jon Horsley of Yahoo! said that he would miss Lee after he leaves and said \"he’s genuinely funny. His miming of a moustache to mean “must dash” was one of the few things that has made us laugh out loud in soaps.\" Lee Hunter (Hollyoaks) Lee Hunter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Alex Carter. The youngest son of Les (John Graham Davies) and Sally Hunter (Katherine"
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{
"retrieved": [
"Sparkle (drink) Sparkle is a lemon-flavored soft drink that was created by the Coca-Cola Company for the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao in the Philippines which successfully competed with Mountain Dew as it has a very similar taste. Sparkle is sold in many stores in the Philippines and is a very popular kids drink. Serving Size 3 - 240ML , 800ML , 200ML Calories 60 Sodium 0 mg Total Fat 60 g Potassium 0 mg Saturated 1 g Total Carbs 0 g Polyunsaturated 1 g Dietary Fiber 0 g Monounsaturated 1 g Sugars 0 g Trans 1g Protein 0 g Cholesterol 200 mg Vitamin A 0% Calcium 0% Vitamin C 0% Iron 1% Sparkle (drink) Sparkle is a lemon-flavored soft drink that was created by the Coca-Cola Company for the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao in the Philippines which successfully competed with Mountain Dew as it has a very similar taste. Sparkle is sold in many stores in the Philippines and is a very popular kids drink. Serving Size 3 - 240ML , 800ML , 200ML Calories 60 Sodium 0 mg Total Fat 60 g Potassium 0 mg Saturated 1 g Total Carbs 0 g Polyunsaturated 1 g"
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{
"retrieved": [
"FTR (bus) FTR was a British rapid-transit bus system formerly operated in Leeds, Luton, Swansea and York. FirstGroup introduced the system, using 39 Wright StreetCar articulated buses in conjunction with infrastructure upgrades by local authorities. The vehicles were branded as \"the future of travel\", the operators claiming that \"ftr\" is Abjadic textspeak for the word \"future\". The FTR concept is made up of a bundle of simultaneously introduced innovations relating to the vehicle type, its configuration, the fare collection arrangements, consequent changes to infrastructure, and an integrated data-handling system for voice radio, vehicle location, real-time passenger information, on-board displays, vehicle diagnostics, and ticket machine data. Each 'StreetCar' vehicle had a separate driver (or \"pilot\") compartment, resembling to some extent similar designs in continental Europe. Otherwise the vehicle itself is a modified conventional bus, with styling similar to contemporary trams and trolleybuses and a greater distance between axles to maximise the low-floor area for easily accessible seating. The vehicles are air-conditioned and have tinted windows to enhance the on-board ambience along with ergonomic seating. On-board information is provided using an \"infotainment\" screen which displays the next FTR stop (in a similar fashion to Transport for London's i-Bus system) and information related to that stop including local attractions/facilities and connecting bus/train routes. The screen also displays advertisements for local businesses. A major difference between FTR and conventional bus services is the method of fare collection. In York, this initially involved purchase of cash fares from a self-service ticket machine or from a conductor, because the design of FTR allows no contact between driver and passengers. This was intended to reduce journey times but problems with ticketing machines resulted in their withdrawal. On the FTR route 4 in Leeds, all passengers bought tickets from, or showed bus passes and permits to, the conductor. Following the cancellation of the Leeds Supertram project, the local passenger transport executive Metro suggested various bus rapid transit options as a replacement, one of which was an FTR service. The FTR system was chosen, and the service ran from early 2007 until autumn 2012, on Route 4 'Olive Line' (part of the Leeds Overground colour-coded network of high frequency First Bus Routes) between Pudsey and Seacroft via City Square. The FTR buses were then refurbished, Wi-Fi installed, and given a new livery branded ‘’Hyperlink’’', ready for a new high-frequency service on route 72 Leeds to Bradford. FTR first operated in York with the conversion of First York's route 4 between Acomb and the University of York. The service began on 8 May 2006, after the city council had made significant and expensive alterations to the road layout to accommodate the new vehicles. The York FTR service was withdrawn in March 2012. Four FTR buses were operated for First Capital Connect by First Northampton, providing a frequent link between the airport and Luton Airport Parkway railway station. These were replaced by Mercedes-Benz Citaro O530Gs, releasing the FTRs for use in Swansea. The use of bigger buses reflects growth in the number of people using the airport rail link, which has more than doubled since the Parkway station opened in 1999. It now carries almost 10 million people a year. The FTR were branded as \"train2plane\" and ran every 10 minutes, 19 hours a day (05:00 – 00:00), and connect with all trains from London during the night. Swansea gained a similar operation from 1 June 2009 with FTRs running on route 4 in a phased introduction over several months. The service, publicised as \"ftrmetro\", links Morriston Hospital, Morriston, the City Centre and the University/Singleton Hospital, with five services per hour through the daytime. Extensive streetworks were carried out along the route, including segregated running through the city centre and an \"express route\" by-passing the busy residential streets of Hafod. The fleet of Wright StreetCar articulated vehicles were removed from Swansea on 28 August 2015; First Cymru cited refurbishment costs as a key factor. Although the articulated vehicles were removed from service, the same route is now served by standard single-deck Wright StreetLite buses and other similar vehicles. The launch of the FTR in York generated almost saturation coverage in the local media. On 10 May 2006 \"The Press\" devoted four full pages to it, including its front page and a double-page spread of 12 readers' letters, almost all of them hostile. The next day the paper published a defence of the vehicles' teething problems by First York's commercial director, accompanied by another five hostile letters. Another full-page article appeared two days later, and this was followed by national press coverage. On 17 May 2006, councillor Ann Reid was quoted as saying \"The majority [of complaints] seem to have come from those who don't live on the route or certainly don't even catch the bus\". The student press criticised the FTRs. Student anger was particularly directed at the price of tickets on the FTR, which increased by 20% in 2008 for a single ticket from campus into town. The price problem was resolved when the students' union negotiated a £2 student price for a return ticket from the campus to town. FTR (bus) FTR was a British rapid-transit bus system formerly operated in Leeds, Luton, Swansea and York. FirstGroup introduced the system, using 39 Wright StreetCar articulated buses in conjunction with infrastructure upgrades by local authorities. The vehicles were branded as \"the future of travel\", the operators claiming that \"ftr\" is"
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{
"retrieved": [
"Rockville (TV series) Rockville is a South African soap opera created by married couple Connie and Shona Ferguson and produced by their production company, Ferguson Films. The series is written by Phathutshedzo Makwarela, Gwydion Beynon, Linda Bere, Chisanga Kabinga, Pamela Power and Sibusiso Mamba. The show revolves around two different black families-the middle-class Bogatsus and the working-class Mabasos, who have are embroiled in an ongoing feud over a series of misunderstandings and hardships, particularly the one where the patriarch of the Bogatsu family, Jackson \"JB\" Bogatsu (Shona Ferguson) is secretly a pimp who corrupts innocent girls and make them prostitutes by using the attractive cigar lounge, Club Venus but when the Mabaso matriarch, Mavis' (Connie Ferguson) daughter, Lindi (Mbali Mlotshwa) gets a job as a waitress, JB pimps her into being a prostitute but it leads to an unrequited love that not only tears their families apart, but threaten to change the course of their lives forever as JB will have to confront enemies that threaten his business and family and Lindi and Mavis must face the hardships that threaten their family. Rockville premiered on 19 June 2013 and is broadcast on Mzansi Magic on Sunday at its 8:00 PM timeslot. Each episode plays for 1-hour and the total of the each season is 10-hours. Rockville stars Connie Ferguson, Shona Ferguson, Terry Pheto and Mbali Mlotshwa as well as an ensemble cast which includes Boity Thulo, Brenda Ngxoli, Trevor Gumbi, Sello Sebotsane, Thembsie Matu, Shaleen Surtie-Richards. Due to its success and reception, production began for the second season of Rockville. It premiered on 9 February 2014 with Clint Brink, Dorothy Ann Gould, Stephanie Schildknecht, Nandi Nyembe, Lerato Haji, Masego \"Maps\" Maponyane and Owen Sejake joining the ensemble cast. Rockville was renewed for a third season which premiered on 4 January 2015. Notable casting changes occurred in the series with Bonnie Mbuli being replaced by Terry Pheto and Sipho Ngwenya's character being taken over by Fezile Makhanya. This season's main theme is the dark side of South Africa, the sacrifices, drama and subterfuge that it takes to get to the top in today's black South Africa. It focused on two families-the middle-class Bogatsus and working-class Mabasos who have an ongoing feud over the misunderstandings and their different backgrounds as well as what their family members have done. From the Mabasos, who live in the township Rockville in Soweto is the formidable matriarch, Mavis Mabaso (Connie Ferguson), whose family ends up in debt thanks to her son Oupa's (Lehasa Moloi) car crash that tests Mavis' strong will for her family and their struggling commitment but is helped by her loyal best friend, Rebecca (Thembsie Matu). From the Bogatsus, who live in the upper class Waterfall suburb is the wealthy patriarch, Jackson \"JB\" Bogatsu (Shona Ferguson) who owns a high class cigar lounge known as Club Venus where all the wealthy come out to play. However, he really gets his wealthy from a secret high class escort service, where the prostitutes are known as Black Diamonds. The central plot focuses on Mavis' daughter, Lindi (Mbali Mlothswa), who is a law student who dreams big and gets a job as a waitress at Club Venus, which JB uses to his advantage to pimp her but there becomes love at first sight, and it prompts Lindi into becoming a prostitute to help her family but it begins to set conflict between her family and JB's. However, that's not all as an incident in the brothel puts JB's business at risk as the murky world if high class ends up coming out to play when Club Venus is about to be exposed for the lie that they are, which not only threatens JB's precious business that he worked hard to build but it also threatens to cause turmoil within his family as well as Lindi's family. Where she has to confront situations and make choices that she never dreamt of doing, Lindi realizes that every dream has a dark side. As Rockville returns for a second season, the lives of the Mabasos and the Bogatsus have hit a knife edge. This is due to Mavis being the one who shot JB at his and Dudu's (Bonnie Mbuli) wedding anniversary and as JB is fighting for his life, Mavis is reeling after what she has done, while Oupa will do anything to protect his mother. This causes Mavis' daughter Lindi to leave and continue work as a prostitute. After Mavis is released from jail, her moral values are again put to the test as she still regrets what she has done but seeks help from Paster Morake (Sello Sebotane) and Sis Rebecca, however when Lindi refuses to go back home, the arrival of Mavis' old friend, Gladys (Brenda Ngxoli) a divorcee drunkard leads Mavis to go astray with alcohol, threatening to tear apart her family and ruin her religious values. Meanwhile, after JB is alive, he finds himself fighting for the control of Club Venus with the club's original founder. The ruthlessly diabolical Frankie who will do anything to beat JB while JB not only has to deal with some financial difficulties, but the arrival of his estranged father, gangster Cassius (Owen Sejake) possibly stirs trouble within JB's family. However, even though JB does not want anything to do with him, Cassius quickly commit a deadly salvation when he kills Frankie, leading JB to rule Club Venus again now that Frankie and Mike (Luthuli Dlamini) are dead. However, the fight for Club Venus and the brothel forces him to confront Frankie's vengeful son, Trevor (Clint Brink) who'll do anything to get what he wants and to rule his mother's business and will go so far as to even use JB's innocent daughter Mpho (Boity Thulo) as bait. However, when Trevor is dead, JB is forced to confront his father which will not only lead to a destroyed bond but it also threatens to make him do something that will tear apart his family. Rockville has been renewed for a third seasons which has been released on 4 January 2015, where this season's main theme focuses on the characters confronting their inner demons and the reckoning, not around their families, their friends but within themselves. The season follows up after the events of Jackson's shooting. He now live in Alex when his wife and children abandon him and leave him broke. He is also dumped by Lindi who give birth to a baby boy on the season premier. Vicky returns after her son is taken by her family and they organise a heist in order to reopen a strip club which proves to be a success but they also catch the attention of a corrupt politician Rolex Ngidi (Sello Maake Ka-Ncube). Rockville (TV series) Rockville is a South African soap opera created by married couple Connie and Shona Ferguson and produced by their production company, Ferguson Films. The series is written by Phathutshedzo Makwarela, Gwydion Beynon, Linda Bere, Chisanga Kabinga, Pamela Power and Sibusiso Mamba. The show revolves around two different black families-the middle-class Bogatsus and the working-class Mabasos, who have are embroiled in an ongoing feud over a series of misunderstandings and hardships, particularly the one where"
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"I Believe (Sounds of Blackness song) \"I Believe\" is a 1994 single by Sounds of Blackness. The single was produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis and was written by the duo along with: Marvin R. Pierce, Ralph Middlebrooks, Eugene Marshall Jones, Clarence Satchell, Gregory Allen Webster and Walter Junie Morrison. The single is a track off the group's, \"Africa to America: The Journey of the Drum\" album. \"I Believe\" was the group's sixth release to make the US soul chart, peaking at #15, and their only Hot 100 release, where it went to #99. \"I Believe\" was the group's second number on the US dance chart, where it spent one week at the top. The single samples Ohio Players 1971 recording, \"Pain\". I Believe (Sounds of Blackness song) \"I Believe\" is a 1994 single by Sounds of Blackness. The single was produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis and was written by the duo along with: Marvin R. Pierce, Ralph Middlebrooks, Eugene Marshall Jones, Clarence Satchell, Gregory Allen Webster and Walter Junie Morrison. The single is a track off the group's, \"Africa to America: The Journey of the Drum\" album. \"I Believe\" was the group's sixth release to make"
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"Louis-Philippe Loncke Louis-Philippe Loncke, is a Belgian explorer, adventurer and motivational speaker. In 2008, he achieved the world first crossing on foot of the length of the Simpson desert, which was a North to South traverse passing through its geographical center. In 2018, he traverses Tasmania during the austral winter without resupplies and is nicknamed the \"Mad Belgian\" by Australians Loncke was born in Mouscron, Belgium to a family of furniture makers. He studied engineering in Brussels at , a master in Industrial management in KU Leuven and treasury management at the University of Antwerp Management School. Loncke started his career as logistic manager. Since 1999, he has built experience in over 10 corporate companies in various positions. He has been working as management consultant since 2007 mainly in IT. The skills he built in the challenging corporate world allow him to plan efficiently his expeditions. He is also self-taught in photography, SEO, marketing and communications. Since 2006, he is volunteering at NGO Art in All of us and was elected member of the board of directors in 2010. Loncke started traveling alone in 2000. In 2002, he was sent to Singapore for work and learned scuba diving. To fulfill this passion he traveled for a year in Oceania between 2004 and 2005. He started hiking and heard about adventurers and explorers; and became interested after seeing the world acclaimed film Alone across Australia. Back in Belgium, he met author and adventurer Sylvain Tesson who encouraged him to continue and Louis-Philippe left again in 2006 to Australia to start his first three expeditions. His first solo unresupplied traverse of the Tasmanian Wilderness was undoubtedly the most epic of all three and brought him the first sponsors and recognition among Australian explorers. After a year in Australia, he went back to Belgium and started planning for a series of several world first expeditions, the first being to attempt crossing the Simpson desert on its longest distance. He has organised charity expeditions involving media buzz including the highest chocolate tasting on Everest. In July 2010, he trekked across Iceland between its extreme latitude from North to South. He spoofed an Icelandic promotional video that got viral in Iceland. He has announced a return to Iceland to attempt doing the journey during the winter. Both his Simpson and Iceland expeditions involved a science program of the MSH of Paris named \"Stress and decision taking in extreme environment\". On 4 August 2018 he started an attempt to traverse Tasmania unsupported in winter. Louis-Philippe Loncke Louis-Philippe Loncke, is a Belgian explorer, adventurer and motivational speaker. In 2008, he achieved the world first crossing on foot of the length of the Simpson desert, which was a North to South traverse passing through its geographical center. In 2018, he traverses Tasmania during the austral winter without resupplies and is nicknamed the \"Mad Belgian\" by Australians Loncke was born in Mouscron, Belgium to a family of furniture makers. He studied engineering in Brussels at , a master in"
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"retrieved": [
"Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 Poland was represented by the band Sixteen, with the song \"To takie proste\", at the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 9 May in Birmingham. The song was chosen internally by broadcaster TVP. On the night of the final Sixteen performed 7th in the running order, following Slovakia and preceding and preceding eventual contest winners Israel.Pre-contest \"To takie proste\" was rated as an amiable if unspectacular pop song, unlikely to inspire strong feelings either way and therefore equally unlikely to inspire a great many of the European public to pick up their telephones in the first full year of Eurovision televoting. This was indeed the case, as at the close of voting \"To takie proste\" had picked up only 19 points (10 from Romania, 5 from Germany and 2 each from France and Hungary, and of these countries, Romania and Hungary used juries), placing Poland 17th of the 25 entries, only narrowly avoiding relegation from the 1999 contest. The 12 points from the Polish televote were awarded to Belgium. Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 Poland was represented by the band Sixteen, with the song \"To takie proste\", at the"
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"Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaca The Diocese of Jaca is an episcopal see in the northeastern Spanish province of Huesca, part of the autonomous community of Aragón. The diocese is subordinate to the Archdiocese of Pamplona y Tudela. Jaca originally belonged to the diocese of Huesca, but after the Moorish conquest of Huesca in 713 its bishops, (known as the itinerant \"Bishops of Aragon\"), moved to Aragon. The episcopal see was established in Jaca during 1063–96, then moved back to Huesca after king Pedro I of Aragon retook the city from the Moors in November 1096. The diocese of Jaca was created in 1572, carved out of the diocese of Huesca. The city of Jaca, capital of the mountainous \"comarca\" of Jacetania, lies some 820 metres above sea-level on the left bank of the Aragon River, a tributary of the Ebro, . Jaca cathedral is dedicated to [Saint Peter]. Consecrated in the late 11th century and altered in the 15th–18th centuries, it is Romanesque in its architectural style. The church of San Adrián de Sasabe, in Sasabe (also in Huesca province) was an earlier diocesan cathedral. A religious and civil festival is held on the first Friday of May, locally referred to as \"\"Primer Viernes de Mayo\"\", in memory of a victory said to have been won over the Moors in the 8th century by Count Aznar aided by the women of Jaca. It is celebrated with a solemn procession in which the entire cathedral chapter takes part. There are many hermitages around Jaca, but none more interesting than that of San Juan de la Peña, esconced within a cave in the Pyrenees. This shrine was also a monastery, royal mausoleum and -allegedly- one of the many hiding places of the Holy Grail in the middle ages. It continues to be a stop along the Camino de Santiago for many pilgrims and tourists. In another cave, dedicated to La Virgen de la Cueva, locals gather annually to pay homage to \"Our Lade of the Cave\", a venerated shrine where Garcí Ximénez was proclaimed first King of Sobrarbe in the 8th century. Jaca was once the capital of the Iacetani, a tribe mentioned by Strabo. This territory was the scene of battles between Sertorius and Pompey and later between Pompey's son Sextus and Caesar's generals. Ecclesiastically, Jaca originally belonged to the Diocese of Huesca. When in 713 the town of Huesca was seized by the Moors, the bishop fled and the diocese was directed from Aragon by itinerant bishops, sometimes called bishops of Aragon, sometimes bishops of Huesca or Jaca, who lived either at Jaca or in the neighbouring monasteries of San Juan de la Peña, San Pedro de Siresa and San Adrián de Sasabe. Among the itinerant bishops of Aragon were: A council held at Jaca in 1063 determined anew the boundaries of the Diocese of Huesca, which thereafter included the present dioceses of Huesca, Jaca and Barbastro, as well as a part of the Diocese of Lérida. Jaca was then made the permanent seat of the diocese. At the same time Sancho was appointed Bishop of Huesca (1058–1075) and hastened to request the Pope Alexander II to confirm the decisions of the council. In the same year of 1063, however, King Sancho Ramirez of Aragon (1063–1094) had won back from the Moors the city of Barbastro, and had granted it to the Bishop of Roda. García Ramírez, the new Bishop of Huesca (1076–1086) and brother of the king, regarded this as an infringement of the rights of jurisdiction granted the Bishop of Jaca by the Council of Jaca. He therefore renewed his petition to the new pope (Gregory VII) to have the decisions of the council confirmed, which request the pope granted (cf. Jaffé, \"Reg. Pont. Roman\", I, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1885, n. 5098). As, however, Bishop Raimundo of Roda also obtained the confirmation of all his privileges from Gregory, a violent dispute arose between the Bishops of Huesca and Roda as to jurisdiction over the churches of Barbastro, Bielsa, Gistao and Alquezar, which in 1080 was decided by the king in favour of the Bishop of Roda. In November 1096, King Pedro I of Aragon took back Huesca from the Moors and restored the original see. Pope Urban II decreed (May 11, 1098) that, instead of Jaca, Huesca should again be the seat of the bishop, as it had been until the year 713 (cf. Jaffé, \"Reg. Pont. Roman\", I, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1885, n. 5703). But Jaca itself had a separate existence under a vicar-general, independent of the Bishop of Huesca. It also retained its own cathedral chapter, which originally followed the Rule of St. Augustine, but in 1270 both this chapter and that of Huesca were secularized. Jaca was again erected into a separate diocese and was made suffragan to the Metropolitan See of Zaragoza by a Bull of Pope Pius V (July 18, 1571), which decision was carried into effect on February 26, 1572. The first bishop was Pedro del Frago. According to the diocesan statistics of 1907 Jaca possessed 73,659 inhabitants, 151 parishes, 151 parish churches, 239 public and 10 private oratories, 236 secular priests, 30 regulars and 54 sisters. The religious institutes in the diocese are: This article draws only from other Wikipedia articles and these four sources: Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaca The Diocese of Jaca is an episcopal see in the"
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"Sasthamangalam Sasthamangalam is a place in the city of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala, India. It is just 6 km from the Central Railway Station, and is a popular residential area in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is known for the Sasthamangalam Mahadevar (Shiva) Temple, one of the four major temples regularly visited by the Kings of Travancore, in the past. The place where the king used to park his chariot is now a road, called Rathapurakkunnu road. The River Killi enters Sasthamangalam from Mannammoola, and flows to Maruthankuzhi, on her way to join River Karamana. Sasthamangalam is a meeting place for roads running from Vattiyoorkavu, Vellayambalam, Edapazhinji and Peroorkada. There is a post office in the junction, and private courier services are available from Blue Dart, DTDC, Professional Couriers, etc. DHL is available 1.4 km away at Vellayambalam. Sree Ramakrishna Mission Hospital, Raja Kesavadas NSS High School, Tandem Group of Institutions, etc., are the other landmarks in the area. The nearest Police Stations are Peroorkada and Museum. There are rows of shop, mostly bakeries, groceries, vegetable & fruits, hotels, office stationery, Cobblers, Auto-parts, Mechanics, Hardware, Cyber-cafes, Communication (cellular), and a lot of medical shops and clinical laboratories (owing to the proximity to the Sriramakrishna Mission Hospital).As one of the best residential locality in Trivandrum for upper middle class, the place has seen rapid urbanisation in terms of the new residential complexes, branded shops and eateries. Indian Army camp at Pangode and the State Armed Police camp at Oolampara fall within a 2 km radius, each, from the junction. Major Bank branches are of Axis Bank,ICICI Bank, State Bank of Travancore, Canara Bank, South Indian Bank, Vijaya Bank, etc. Sasthamangalam Sasthamangalam is a place in the city of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala, India. It is just 6 km from the Central Railway Station, and is"
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"WRSY WRSY (101.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Marlboro, Vermont. The station is owned by Saga Communications. WRSY airs an Adult Album Alternative radio format, via a simulcast of 93.9 WRSI in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. WRSY is heard in Southeastern Vermont and Southwestern New Hampshire. When it was being built, the station first took its call sign WAIG on May 20, 1994, and changed to WSSH on March 1, 1996. It officially launched in July 1996, airing a Soft Adult Contemporary format, simulcast with 95.3 WZSH in Hartford, Vermont (now WZLF). Vox purchased the stations from Dynacom in 1999. Vox switched WSSH to the WRSI simulcast on February 1, 2001. The station was granted the WRSY call sign on April 12. Saga acquired WRSI and WRSY in 2003. WRSY WRSY (101.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Marlboro, Vermont. The station is owned by Saga Communications. WRSY airs an Adult Album Alternative radio format, via a simulcast of 93.9 WRSI in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. WRSY is heard in Southeastern Vermont and Southwestern New Hampshire. When it was being built, the station first took its call sign WAIG on May 20, 1994, and changed"
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"retrieved": [
"Frank Calvert Frank Calvert (1828–1908) was an English expatriate who was a consular official in the eastern Mediterranean region and an amateur archaeologist. He began exploratory excavations on the mound at Hisarlik (the site of the ancient city of Troy), seven years before the arrival of Heinrich Schliemann. Frank was the youngest of seven children born to James Calvert (1778–1852), of Malta, and Louisa Ann Lander (1792–1867). Calvert was raised in Malta, at that time a British naval base. He was overshadowed by his elder siblings and became involved with the careers of his elder, more flamboyant brothers. He remained unmarried, and had an enduring passion for the Homeric epics and a firm belief that the myths were history, not fiction. As early as 1822, Hisarlik was identified by Charles Maclaren as a possible site of Homeric Troy. In 1847, his brother Frederick bought a farm of over 2,000 acres (8 km²) at Akca Koy which included part of Mount Hisarlik. This was to be a momentous acquisition. Frank continued to support his brothers' careers. In 1855, while Frederick was completely engrossed in affairs related to the Crimean War, Frank continued to produce the bulk of official consular correspondence in French and English. On occasion in 1856 and 1858, Frank stood in for Frederick as acting British consul. After standing in for his brother James, Frank eventually succeeded him as United States consular agent in 1874, an unpaid position that he held for the rest of his life. Occasionally, he served on local mixed European and Turkish tribunals, assuming from time to time the title of acting British consul. Apart from performing his consular duties, Calvert carried on careful, exploratory excavations on the family-owned land which incorporated the mound of Hisarlik. He was convinced that this was the site of the ancient city of Troy, but in 1908 he died and was never officially associated with the discovery of Troy. In an twist of fate, descendants of the Calvert brothers are now pursuing claims to the treasure recovered from Hisarlik. In the field of archaeology, Calvert has been a mere shadow compared to his partner Heinrich Schliemann, who was later accused of manipulating and taking advantage of Calvert. Schliemann had a significantly larger budget than Calvert, and frequently used it to his advantage. Calvert was also shy about his educational experience because he was self-taught. At an early age he began visiting ancient sites, understanding different cultures and learning how they lived. In his teens he visited sites such as Corfu, Athens, Egypt, Brindisi and others, but he mostly stayed in the Troad, the region of Asia Minor believed to have been under Trojan rule. At the time Schliemann began excavating in Turkey, the site commonly believed to be Troy was at Pınarbaşı, a hilltop at the south end of the Trojan Plain. Schliemann performed soundings at Pınarbaşı, but was disappointed by his findings. Schliemann did not know where to look for Troy and was about to give up his exploration altogether. It was not until Calvert suggested excavating the mound of Hissarlik that Schliemann made any moves to dig at the site. Calvert had already searched in the mound, but he never made it down to the Bronze Age layers; still, he was determined Troy was buried somewhere within the mound. Schliemann and Calvert found not only the possible site of Troy but thousands of artefacts such as diadems of woven gold, rings, bracelets, intricate earrings and necklaces, buttons, belts and brooches as well as anthropomorphic figures, bowls and vessels for perfumed oils. In 1996 American and British heirs to Calvert sought ownership of a portion of the treasure found by Schliemann on Calvert's land (Calvert only owned half the mound). Calvert's work on Troy is mentioned in the 1985 BBC TV series \"In Search of the Trojan War\", written and presented by Michael Wood. Frank Calvert Frank Calvert (1828–1908) was an English expatriate who was a consular official in the eastern Mediterranean region and an amateur archaeologist. He began exploratory excavations on the mound at Hisarlik (the site of the ancient city of Troy), seven years before the arrival of Heinrich Schliemann. Frank was the youngest of seven"
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"retrieved": [
"Charles Samuel Franklin Charles Samuel Franklin (1879–1964), who published as C. S. Franklin, was a noted British radio pioneer. Franklin was born in London, the youngest of a family of 13, and educated at Finsbury Technical College in Finsbury, England, under Silvanus P. Thompson. After graduation in 1899 he joined the Marconi Company where he spent his entire professional career. He was first sent to South Africa to provide equipment for the Boer War, then spent 2 years in Russia. After his return to the UK, he invented a number of important radio devices including the variable capacitor (patented 1902), ganged tuning (1907), variable coupling (1907), coaxial cable, and the Franklin oscillator. Today Franklin is best known for the Franklin beam aerial, his shortwave antenna. From the Marconi company's Poldhu station in 1923 and 1924, he sent shortwave transmissions to Guglielmo Marconi on his yacht Electra in the South Atlantic. Franklin was also active in early television development. In 1935 the trustees leased part of Alexandra Palace to the BBC, which used it as the production and transmission center for their new BBC Television Service. Franklin designed its antenna, and the world's first public broadcasts of high-definition television were made from this site in 1936. Franklin received the 1922 IRE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award \"for his investigations of short wave directional transmission and reception\". Franklin received British patent 242342 in 1924 for \"a pronounced directional effect from aerials of the type that are electrically long in comparison with the signal wavelength\". Alas, this antenna is so physically tall (about 1,813 feet at 540 kHz, and about 612 feet at 1600 kHz) that its use is generally restricted to frequencies of 1400 kHz and above, with one example at 1500 kHz (KSTP, St. Paul, MN, non-directional, daytime only) and two examples at 1530 kHz (KFBK, Sacramento, CA, directional day and night using different parameters day and night). Pseudo-Franklins have been employed below 1400 kHz, however, to good effect, but no where near as good as a true Franklin. A true Franklin (180 over 180 degrees; 360 degrees, total) has an efficiency of about 510 mV/m/kW at 1 km. A pseudo-Franklin (180 over 120 degrees; 300 degrees, total) has an efficiency of about 470 mV/m/kW at 1 km. Another pseudo-Franklin (120 over 120 degrees; 240 degrees, total) has an efficiency of about 430 mV/m/kW at 1 km. As a conventional antenna of 225 degrees has an efficiency of about 440 mV/m/kW at 1 km, exceeding that of a 120 over 120 degree pseudo-Franklin, one might naturally assume that a 225 degree antenna would be preferred, but this is not the case for powers above about 5 kW as a self-cancellation effect occurs in the fringe reception area. For 10 kW and above, 195 degrees is optimum (about 400 mV/m/kW at 1 km), or a pseudo-Franklin or a Franklin may be employed, where each of these avoids or significantly reduces this self-cancellation. In some cases, a station's efficiency may be restricted to 362.10 mV/m/kW at 1 km for Class A stations, to 281.63 mV/m/kW at 1 km for Class B stations or to 241.40 mV/m/kW at 1 km for Class C stations, unless a higher efficiency was \"grandfathered\". If so restricted, then a high-efficiency antenna, such as a Franklin, could be employed only if the transmitter power was reduced accordingly. Older, \"legacy\" stations are more likely to be so \"grandfathered\" rather than newer, post-\"Rio\" stations, hence older, \"legacy\" stations are more likely to employ Franklin, pseudo-Franklin or other high-efficiency transmitting antennas. For practical reasons, 90 degrees (about 310 mV/m/kW at 1 km) is taken to be the \"gold standard\", but shorter (particularly for lower frequency stations) or taller (particularly for higher frequency stations) are often found. Also, for practical reasons, 199 feet antennas, occasionally with \"top loading\", are often specified as this is the maximum height in order to avoid tower lighting, and in a number of cases tower painting, for aviation obstruction purposes. Charles Samuel Franklin Charles Samuel Franklin (1879–1964), who published as C. S. Franklin, was a noted British radio pioneer. Franklin was born in London, the youngest of a family of 13, and educated at Finsbury Technical College in"
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"K. T. K. Thangamani K. T. K. Thangamani, born in 1913, was a politician from Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a senior Communist leader and former State secretary of the Communist Party of India. A bar-at-law from London, he has authored a number of books, and also had the distinction of interacting with late Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung and Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh. He lived in Singapore and Malaysia and returned to India in 1947. He was a prominent trade union leader. He died at the age of 88 on 26 December 2001. He was also a member of Lok Sabha elected from Madurai between 1957 and 1962 and an MLA between 1974 and 1976. K. T. K. Thangamani K. T. K. Thangamani, born in 1913, was a politician from Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a senior Communist leader and former State secretary of the Communist Party of India. A bar-at-law from London, he has authored a number of books, and also had the distinction of interacting with late Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung and Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh. He lived in Singapore and Malaysia and returned to India in 1947. He was"
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"retrieved": [
"Weidemann Weidemann is a German family name and may be deduced from the Middle High German terms for hunter or woad farmer. The German word \"Weide\" also means willow, as well as pasture. The name could thus translate into willowman and hence suggests alternative meanings such as the occupational name for a basket maker or a person living near a willowtree. Since \"Weide\" (the tree) derives from Middle High German \"wîda\", these meanings can not be assigned to the family name, whose origin dates back to mediaeval times. The family name Weidemann is first found in Westphalia, Germany, where the name Weidemann emerged in mediaeval times as one of the notable families of the region. Weidemann Weidemann is a German family name and may be deduced from the Middle High German terms for hunter or woad farmer. The German word \"Weide\" also means willow, as well as pasture. The name could thus translate into willowman and hence suggests alternative meanings such as the occupational name for a basket maker or a person living near a willowtree. Since \"Weide\" (the tree) derives from Middle High German \"wîda\", these meanings can not be assigned to the family name, whose origin dates back"
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"retrieved": [
"Willow Tree station (LIRR) Willow Tree was a Main Line Long Island Rail Road station that was opened on the north side of the tracks and the west side of 183rd Street, then known as Hamilton Street. It was located in what is today the Hollis section of Queens, New York City. Willow Tree station opened on March 1, 1837, when Long Island Rail Road service opened to Hicksville. The land for the Willow Tree station was 50 feet by 562.6 feet and was purchased on April 18, 1836. Willow Tree can be found in timetables as early as October 1, 1852, and as late as November 4, 1867. In the year ending June 30, 1861, 75,650 quarts of milk were received from the Willow Tree station. An 1868 book says that only the Sunday excursion trains, and the North Islip and Hempstead passenger trains regularly stop there. On Friday April 23, 1869, on the eve of the Long Island Rail Road's 35th anniversary, a three car train, pulled by \"Thurlow Weed\", hit a broken rail and derailed just east of Willow Tree at 187th Street, Hollis. Six people died and fourteen people were seriously injured. There was no depot building, but there was a dwelling house located close to the track which was fitted with a seat fixed on the outside for the use of waiting passengers. An African-American family occupied the house in the late 1860s and early 1870s, and when several came down with smallpox in 1873, the place was quarantined. In September 1871, President Charlick of the Long Island Rail Road decided to abandon the station, and the station is last listed in June 1872. However, on a track map its closure is listed as 1880. After its closure it was superseded by the Rockaway Junction station. Since 1991, the site of the Willow Tree station has been occupied by the present site of the platforms for the Hillside Facility over the 183rd Street bridge. Willow Tree station (LIRR) Willow Tree was a Main Line Long Island Rail Road station that was opened on the north side of the tracks and the west side of 183rd Street, then known as Hamilton Street. It was located in what is today the Hollis section of Queens, New York City. Willow Tree station opened on March 1, 1837, when Long Island Rail Road service opened to Hicksville. The land"
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"retrieved": [
"H. G. Carrillo Herman \"H.G.\" Carrillo (born 1960) is an Afro-Cuban American writer and Assistant Professor of English at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Central to Carrillo's writing is the Cuban immigrant experience in the United States. Carrillo was born in Havana, Cuba in 1960. Carrillo received his BA in Fiction Writing from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York in 2004 and an MFA from Cornell in 2007. Carrillo is an assistant professor of English at George Washington University. He started teaching at the university level after 2007. Several publications have included his work, including \"The Kenyon Review, Conjunctions, The Iowa Review, Glimmer Train, Ninth Letter,\" and \"Slice\". Areas of interest include fiction writing, U.S. Latino literature and visual culture, literature and culture of the 1960s, 20th- and 21st-century US literature, and gender studies. Carrillo's first full-length novel, \"Loosing My Espanish\" (Pantheon, 2004) addresses the complexities of Latino Immigration, religiously associated education, homosexuality, and lower class struggles from a Cuban immigrant's perspective. Wendy Gimbel at \"The Washington Post\" wrote a lengthy review of this novel, saying this about Carrillo's interesting writing style: Synopsis: \"Oscar Delossantos is about to lose his job as a teacher at a Jesuit high school in Chicago. Rather than go quietly, he embarks on a valiant last history lesson that chronicles the flight from Cuba of his makeshift extended family. Evoking the struggle between nostalgia and the realities of the Cuban Revolution with both grit and lyricism, he inspires his students with an altogether dazzling reinterpretation of the Cuban-American experience.\" (Random House, Inc. 2005) Carrillo received the Arthur Lynn Andrew Prize for Best Fiction in 2001 and 2003 as well as the Iowa Award in 2004. He has received several fellowships and grants, including a Sage Fellowship, a Provost's Fellowship, and a Newberry Library Research Grant. He earned the 2001 Glimmer Train Fiction Open Prize and was named the 2002 Alan Collins Scholar for Fiction. H. G. Carrillo Herman \"H.G.\" Carrillo (born 1960) is an Afro-Cuban American writer and Assistant Professor of English at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Central to Carrillo's writing is the Cuban immigrant experience in the United States. Carrillo was born in Havana, Cuba in 1960. Carrillo received his BA in Fiction Writing from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York in 2004 and an MFA from Cornell in 2007. Carrillo is an assistant professor of English at George Washington University."
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"retrieved": [
"Nanhai One The Nanhai One (Traditional: 南海一號; Simplified: 南海一号; Pinyin: Nánhǎi Yī Hào - South China Sea No. 1) is a Chinese merchant ship which sank off the south China coast during the Southern Song Dynasty between 1127 and 1279. The shipwreck was found in 1987 by a team from Maritime Exploration & Recoveries PLC (MER PLC) of Southampton, England, during their search for the wreck of the 18th century ship \"Rhynsburg\". MER PLC had a joint venture with the Guangzhou branch of the Chinese Salvage Company. The ship is long, wide, and in height (excluding the mast). It is the biggest ship of its kind to be found. It was the first ancient vessel discovered on the \"Marine Silk Road\". According to the head of the excavation project, the ship left port in southern China to trade with foreign countries and sank probably due to stormy waves. It was quickly buried by silt. When the wreck was first found, about 200 pieces of porcelain from the Song Dynasty were recovered, together with Song coins, about 130 kilos of silver bars, a brass kettle and a gold waist chain. These were handed to the China Salvage Company representatives, intact. At the time of the second survey, the wreck was reported to have 60,000 to 80,000 items on board. In 2007, China began to raise the ship and its artifacts. The ship was placed in a pool-type container called the \"Crystal Palace\" in the purpose-built Maritime Silk Route Museum. The container is 64 meters long, 40 meters wide and 23 meters high. It contains seawater and is about 12 meters in depth. Visitors are able to watch the ongoing excavation of the ship through windows on two sides of the pool. Nanhai One The Nanhai One (Traditional: 南海一號; Simplified: 南海一号; Pinyin:"
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"Australia–Malaysia relations Australia–Malaysia relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن أستراليا–مليسيا) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Australia and Malaysia. Australia has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a high commission in Canberra. Both Australia and Malaysia are members of the Five Power Defence Arrangements and often participate in military exercises together. Occasional issues such as perceived Australian influence in Southeast Asian affairs, as well as the detention and execution of Australian citizens in Malaysia, further complicate relations between the two nations. The two countries has a long-standing institutional and people-to-people ties than any other Asian neighbour. Links between Australia and Malaysia can be traced since the 18th century, the Malays participated in the pearling industry off Australia’s north coast in the 19th century where their descendants today form an integral part of Darwin’s multicultural society. During the World War II, Australian troops were involved in the Malayan Campaign where many of its surviving troops were captured by the Japanese Army and sent to Borneo in Batu Lintang camp and Sandakan camp where they were also forced to marches, which resulted in deaths of many Australian prisoners of war with only six of them survived to see the war ended and subsequent liberation of the Borneo Island by Australian reinforcements. Since then, Australian troops also involved in the Malayan War against the Communists, notably the Malayan Emergency and Second Malayan Emergency where they providing materials and equipments to Malayan security forces, as well in the Malaysia's operation against the Sarawak Communist Insurgency and Indonesia's military infiltration towards its soil prior to the formation of a larger federation that includes North Borneo and Sarawak. The formal relations between the two modern countries started in 1955. Malaysia is Australia’s 10th largest trading partner, with two-way trade worth A$19.2 billion in 2013. The two countries commenced a free trade agreement in January 2013. Major Australian exports to Malaysia include coal, aluminium, copper, crude oil, wheat and sugar, medication, zinc, dairy products, machinery and transport equipments, ferrous waste and scrap,<ref name=\"AUS/MYS exports and imports\"></ref> while major Malaysian exports to Australia including crude oil, refined petroleum, chemicals, fats and oils, computer, tv's, radio's, telecom equipments and electronic integrated circuits, furniture, mattress and cushions as well machinery and transport equipments. Australia has establish three campus of its universities in Malaysia. Two located in Sarawak, East Malaysia: the Curtin University Campus and Swinburne University Campus; while one is located in Selangor, West Malaysia: the Monash University Campus. Through these campuses, more than 23,000 Malaysians enrolled in Australian institutions. More than 300,000 Malaysian students also having studied in Australia. In April 2005, Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi made an official visit to Australia. Other Malaysian ministers undertook separate bilateral visits in the same year including the Minister of Human Resources Fong Chan Onn, Minister of Higher Education, Shafie Salleh, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, Adenan Satem and Minister of Transport Chan Kong Choy. The following year, Minister of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries Muhyiddin Yassin visited Australia in March 2006 to remove barriers in the halal beef export trade to Malaysia with the signing of memorandum of understanding (MoU) on agricultural co-operation with Australian counterpart Peter McGauran. Malaysian Minister of Foreign Affairs Syed Hamid Albar visited Australia from 1–8 June 2006 and Minister of International Trade and Industry Rafidah Aziz visited from 31 July–8 August 2006 to attend the 13th Australia-Malaysia Joint Trade Committee meeting and to run a series of Malaysia trade promotion seminars. From the Australian side, Australia’s Attorney-General, Philip Ruddock, Minister for Veterans’ Affairs De-Anne Kelly, Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Warren Truss and Minister for Education, Science and Training Brendan Nelson undertook separate bilateral visits to Malaysia in 2005, while Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade Mark Vaile visited the country in August 2005. In July 2008, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd visited Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. On 4 November 2012, following the visit made by Australian Foreign Minister Bob Carr, the two countries agreed for a joint Australia-Malaysia cultural exchange program for young Australians and Malaysians to travel to each other's countries and develop a stronger understanding of each other cultures and faiths. Australia and Malaysia have had a well-established tradition of military co-operation, with Australian troops has contributed significantly to Malaysia's defence since its formation. As part of the alliance in Five Power Defence Arrangements, Australia plays a key role in the frequent military exercises between the countries involved. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) formerly operated the base RMAF Butterworth in Malaysia until the airbase management is transferred to the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) in 1970. As part of the FPDA, the RAAF still maintains a presence at this base to this date. In 2011, an Australian rare-earths mining company, Lynas has expressed their intention to established a plant in Pahang, Malaysia. The decision was highly opposed by local residents who living near the proposed site for the plant together with environmentalist groups and Malaysian opposition parties who has expressed their concerns over fears of radioactive contamination. The Himpunan Hijau (Green Assembly) was then formed in March 2011 to protesting the Lynas rare earth project in Malaysia. Despite the protest, construction of the plant continued and it was granted temporary licence by the Malaysian authorities with the plant began its operation from December for the shipment of rare earth oxides. Four Malaysian cabinet member of parliament (MPs) (responsible for trade, science, natural resources and health) have released a joint statement, saying the temporary licence granted to Lynas requires it to remove \"all the residue\" from the plant out of the country. With the continuous opposition to Lynas operation in the country, several rallies has been held in Kuala Lumpur and 10 other cities in the country, as well as in 34 other countries including during the Bersih 3.0 rally held in 2012. In 2016, the company licence renewed for another three years with a cautious review undertaken by the Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) of Malaysia. In July 2011, the two countries signed a refugee swap deal with Australia will send 800 asylum seekers to Malaysia and accept 4,000 verified refugees in return from Malaysia. Most of the asylum seekers are from Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Sri Lanka and usually travel to Australia through Malaysia or Indonesia. The deal was however rejected and declared illegal by the High Court of Australia the following month over concerns as Malaysia had no legal guarantee to protect the rights of asylum seekers especially when the country are not a signatory to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, with many evidence has shown the mistreatment of 93,600 asylum seekers in the country including caning and denial of basic rights to the refugees, who mainly come from Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2012, Australian Senator Nick Xenophon was on a fact-finding mission to Malaysia when he was caught up in anti-government protests in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequently, on 2 May 2012, the New Straits Times published an article written by journalist Roy See Wei Zhi with a title header \"Observer under scrutiny\". The report replaced words from a 2009 speech made by Xenophon and",
"following month over concerns as Malaysia had no legal guarantee to protect the rights of asylum seekers especially when the country are not a signatory to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, with many evidence has shown the mistreatment of 93,600 asylum seekers in the country including caning and denial of basic rights to the refugees, who mainly come from Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2012, Australian Senator Nick Xenophon was on a fact-finding mission to Malaysia when he was caught up in anti-government protests in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequently, on 2 May 2012, the New Straits Times published an article written by journalist Roy See Wei Zhi with a title header \"Observer under scrutiny\". The report replaced words from a 2009 speech made by Xenophon and turned it into an attack on Islam, ostensibly to pit Malay-Muslim opinion against the senator, who was a known associate of Malaysian opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim. In fact, the speech was actually an attack on scientology with his original speech is recorded in the Hansard of the Australian Senate. Xenophon threatened to sue the newspaper for defamation and as a result the offending article was quickly removed from its website. The gaffe sparked media outrage in both Malaysia and Australia which has greatly reinforced public perception that the media merely serve as propaganda mouthpieces for Malaysia's ruling government of Barisan Nasional against all of its political opponents. The following year on 16 February 2013, Xenophon was detained on arrival at Kuala Lumpur International Airport's LCCT and refused entry by the Malaysian immigration authorities. He was deported back to Australia on a flight early the next day. Other members of Parliament of Australia cancelled their plans to travel to Malaysia while the matter was resolved. The Prime Minister's Department of Malaysia confirmed that Xenophon was not part of the Australian delegation scheduled to meet Parliamentary Affairs Minister Nazri Aziz submitted to it by an aide to Anwar Ibrahim, the opposition leader in response to claims that it had deliberately denied entry to Xenophon. Two journalists from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) were detained on 13 March 2016, after attempting to question the Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak over corruption allegations towards him, notably the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal. Australia–Malaysia relations Australia–Malaysia relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن أستراليا–مليسيا) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Australia and Malaysia. Australia has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a high commission in Canberra. Both Australia and Malaysia are members of the Five Power Defence Arrangements and often participate in military exercises together. Occasional issues"
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"retrieved": [
"Politics of Chongqing The politics of Chongqing is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Mayor of Chongqing is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Chongqing. As since 1997 Chongqing has been a centrally administered municipality, the mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Chongqing Communist Party of China Municipal Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the \"Chongqing CPC Party chief\". Since 1997, the Chongqing Municipal Government has governed Chongqing. Chongqing was previously also governed by a Municipal Government between 1939 and 1954, but in 1929-1939 and 1954-1997, when Chongqing was a sub-provincial city rather than a centrally administered municipality, it was governed by the Chongqing City Government. Politics of Chongqing The politics of Chongqing is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Mayor of Chongqing is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Chongqing. As since 1997 Chongqing has been a centrally administered municipality, the mayor occupies the same level in the order"
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{
"retrieved": [
"Bible translations into Scots To date, the Bible has not been completely translated into Lowland Scots. In 1513-39 Murdoch Nisbet, associated with a group of Lollards, wrote a Scots translation of the New Testament, working from John Purvey's Wycliffite Bible. However, this work remained unpublished, in manuscript form, and was known only to his family and Bible scholars. It was published by the Scottish Text Society in 1901-5. William Lorimer, a noted classical scholar, produced the first New Testament translation into modern Scots from the original koine Greek (though, in an appendix, when Satan speaks to Christ, he is quoted in Standard English), and this work too was published posthumously, in 1983. The Psalms have also been translated. The Gospel of Luke has been published in Ulster Scots under the title \"Guid Wittins Frae Doctèr Luik.\" It was published in 2009 by Ullans Press, with the copyright held by the Ulster-Scots Language Society. Bible translations into Scots To date, the Bible has not been completely translated into Lowland Scots. In 1513-39 Murdoch Nisbet, associated with a group of Lollards, wrote a Scots translation of the New Testament, working from John Purvey's Wycliffite Bible. However, this work remained unpublished, in manuscript"
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"retrieved": [
"1275 Cimbria 1275 Cimbria, provisional designation , is a Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 November 1932, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southern Germany. The asteroid was named after the Cimbri, an ancient Germanic tribe. \"Cimbria\" is a member of the Eunomia family (), a prominent family of typically stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members. The asteroid orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,603 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as at Simeiz Observatory in October 1914. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1932. In the Tholen classification, \"Cimbria\" is an X-type asteroid, rather than a stony S-type asteroid, which is the overall spectral type for members of the Eunomia family. In November and December 2002, two rotational lightcurves of \"Cimbria\" were obtained from photometric observations by Italian amateur astronomers Silvano Casulli, Antonio Vagnozzi, Marco Cristofanelli and Marco Paiella. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.65 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 and 0.57 magnitude, respectively (). In December 2012, astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California measured a period of 5.655 hours and an amplitude of 0.26 magnitude (). The asteroid's lightcurve has also been modeled using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database. It gave a concurring period of 5.65454 hours and determined two spin axis of (85.0°, −61.0°) and (271.0°, −31.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β). According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, \"Cimbria\" measures between 18.70 and 33.599 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0807 and 0.25. The \"Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link\" adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.1109 and a diameter of 28.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.72. This minor planet was named after the Cimbri, an ancient Proto-Germanic tribe that fought the Romans together with the Teutons and the Ambrones. At first victorious, they were destroyed by Gaius Marius in the Cimbrian War (113–101 BC). The official naming citation was mentioned in \"The Names of the Minor Planets\" by Paul Herget in 1955 (). 1275 Cimbria 1275 Cimbria, provisional designation , is a Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 November 1932, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southern Germany. The asteroid was named after the Cimbri, an ancient Germanic tribe. \"Cimbria\" is a member of the Eunomia family (), a prominent family of typically stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt"
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"retrieved": [
"Best Soccer Player ESPY Award The Best Soccer Player category of the ESPY Award was presented in 2000, 2001, 2005, and 2006 to the soccer (association football) player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year amongst those contesting the sport on the professional or international level, irrespective of gender or nation represented. The award was bifurcated in 2002, but the resulting Best Male and Best Female Soccer Player ESPY Awards were joined once more in 2005. The award was effectively discontinued in 2005 and replaced by the Best MLS Player ESPY Award (which was first awarded in 2006), as the 2006 award went to a worlwide star not to an American as in the previous years. During the award's three years, the voting panel comprised variously fans, who participated through Internet balloting; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \"experts\"; and ESPN personalities. The ESPY Awards ceremony was conducted in February and awards conferred reflected performance and achievement over the twelve months previous to presentation. Since 2005, voting was undertaken exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst nominees selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee, and awards have been presented in July to reflect performance and achievement over the twelve months previous to presentation. Best Soccer Player ESPY Award The Best Soccer Player category of the ESPY Award was presented in 2000, 2001, 2005, and 2006 to the soccer (association football) player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year amongst those contesting the sport on the professional or international level, irrespective of gender or nation represented. The award was bifurcated in 2002, but the resulting Best Male and Best Female Soccer Player ESPY Awards were joined once more in 2005. The award was effectively discontinued in 2005 and replaced by"
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"Perityle emoryi Perityle emoryi is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Emory's rockdaisy. It is native to the Southwestern United States, northwest Mexico, and the Baja California Peninsula. It is a common wildflower of the deserts, and can also be found in California coastal regions. It grows in many types of habitat, it tolerates disturbance, and it can become somewhat weedy. The plant is also known from Chile and Peru and it is an introduced species in parts of Hawaii. Its distribution is apparently expanding. \"Perityle emoryi\", a polyploid plant, is quite variable genetically and in appearance. It is an annual herb growing 2 to 60 centimeters tall, its stem small, delicate, and simple, or thick, branching, and sprawling. It is usually hairy and glandular in texture. The alternately arranged leaves have blades of various shapes which are toothed or divided into lobes and borne on petioles. The inflorescence is a single flower head or an array of a few or many heads. The head is hemispherical to bell-shaped and generally no more than a centimeter wide. The head has a center of many golden disc florets and a fringe of 8 to 12 white ray florets each just a few millimeters long. The fruit is an achene, usually with a pappus at the tip. Perityle emoryi Perityle emoryi is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Emory's rockdaisy. It is native to the Southwestern United States, northwest Mexico, and the Baja California Peninsula. It is a common wildflower of the deserts, and can also be found in California coastal regions. It grows in many types of habitat, it tolerates disturbance, and it can become somewhat weedy. The plant is also known from Chile and"
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"retrieved": [
"Kerri Hoskins Kerri Ann Hoskins Reavis (born February 20, 1970 in Cambridge, Minnesota) is a former glamour model and video game actress. She is best known for portraying Sonya Blade in several incarnations of the game beginning with \"Mortal Kombat 3\" and toured the United States and Europe portraying Sonya Blade in the \"\", appearing at venues like Radio City Music Hall. She also appeared in a number of other games produced by Midway Games including \"Revolution X\" and \"NBA Jam\", and is a secret character in \"\". She trained for two years in Tang Soo Do, a Korean martial art; John Tobias noted her to be \"actually very good\" and \"punching like a guy.\" She has also modeled for \"Playboy\" magazine. According to a re-published newspaper article dated 2001, Kerri Hoskins is married and her last name changed to Branson; as of that date, Branson lives in North Aurora, Illinois, where she raises two twin boys who suffer from severe cerebral palsy. She has four children: Leah, Sam, Luke and Zachary. In October 2012, Hoskins ran for a seat on the Kane County, Illinois board. Kerri Hoskins Kerri Ann Hoskins Reavis (born February 20, 1970 in Cambridge, Minnesota) is"
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"retrieved": [
"Attock Attock (Punjabi, Urdu: ), formerly known as Campbellpur (), is a city located in the north of Pakistan's Punjab Province, not far from the country's capital Islamabad. It is the headquarters of Attock District and Attock Tehsil. The city was founded in 1908 several miles southeast of the older city of Attock Khurd, which had been established by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century, and was initially named in honour of Sir Colin Campbell. The city was initially named Campbellpore, also spelt Campbellpur, in 1908 in honour of Sir Colin Campbell. The name was changed in 1978 to Attock, which literally means \"Foot of the Mountain.\" Attock is located near the Haro River, a tributary of the Indus River, from Rawalpindi, from Peshawar, and from the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra. Attock is located in a historically significant region. Gandhara was an ancient kingdom extending to the Swat valley and the Potohar plateau regions of Pakistan as well as the Jalalabad district of northeastern Afghanistan. Situated astride the middle Indus River, the region had Takshashila and Peshawar as its chief cities. The place is of both political and commercial importance, as the Indus is here crossed by the military and trade route through the Khyber Pass into Afghanistan. Alexander the Great, Timur and Nader Shah crossed the Indus at or about this spot in their respective invasions of India. The Attock fort was completed in 1583 under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi, a minister of Emperor Akbar. The Battle of Attock took place at Attock Khurd on 28 April 1758 between Indian Maratha Kingdom and the Durrani Empire. The Marathas under Raghunathrao Ballal Peshwa and Maharaja Tukojirao Holkar Bahadur were victorious in the battle and Attock was captured. On 8 May 1758, the Marathas defeated Durrani forces in the Battle of Peshawar and captured the city of Peshawar. Marathas had now reached the Afghanistan border. But this conquest was short-lived and then Nawab of Punjab captured the Attock which was followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani as he got alarmed with this defeat and again occupy Attock under a treaty with Nawab. According to which, Attock was divided between Afghans and Nawab. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikhs invaded and occupied Attock District. The Sikhs established religious freedom and respected the native Muslims. The Sikh Kingdom (1701–1849) under Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) captured the fortress of Attock in 1813 from the Afghan Kingdom Nawab of Punjab. In 1849, Attock Khurd (Old Attock) was conquered by the British East India Company who created Campbellpur District. Following the Indian Rebellion in 1857, the region's strategic value was appreciated by the British, who established the Campbellpur Cantonment in 1857-58. Campbellpore District was organised in 1904, by the division of Talagang Tehsil in the Jhelum District with the Pindigheb, Fateh Jang and Attock tehsils from Rawalpindi District. The city's foundations were laid in 1908 by Sir Colin Campbell, the British Commander-in-Chief of India for whom the city is named. The old city was established near the 16th century near the Attock fort that had guarded the major routes between Central Asia and South Asia. Attock's first oil well was drilled in Khaur in 1915, while the Attock Oil Company was established. It has an oil and gas field Dakhini near Jand and in Fateh Jang. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs emigrated to India, while Muslim refugees from India settled in Attock. The Government of Pakistan renamed Campbellpur as Attock in 1978. The city and surrounding area are known for their high representation among soldiers of the Pakistani Military. According to the \"Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings\" \"2014\", Attock is ranked 3 out of 146 districts of Pakistan in terms of the quality of education. For facilities and infrastructure, the district is ranked 17 out of 146. A detailed picture of the district's education performance is also available online. Army Public School & College, Government Polytechnic Institute, Beacon Light English Model Secondary School,COMSATS University Islamabad and Punjab College Attock are few important educational institutes in Attock. Attock Attock (Punjabi, Urdu: ), formerly known as Campbellpur (), is a city located in the"
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"retrieved": [
"RAD5500 The RAD5500 is a radiation-hardened 64-bit multi-core processor platform manufactured by BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support with Power Architecture-based technologies from IBM and Freescale Semiconductor. Successor of the RAD750, the RAD5500 processor platform is for use in high radiation environments experienced on board satellites and spacecraft. The RAD5500 platform supports VPX high speed connectors, DDR2/DDR3 memory, serialize/deserialize (SerDes), and SpaceWire IO. The RAD5500 family of radiation-hardened processors use the QorIQ Power Architecture with processor cores based on versions of the Freescale Technologies e5500 core. The RAD5510, RAD5515, RAD5545, and RA\"DSP\"EED-HB (host bridge) are four system on a chip processors implemented with RAD5500 cores produced with 45 nm SOI technology from the IBM Trusted Foundry. The RAD5510 and RAD5515 processors employ a single RAD5500 core and are intended for medium processing capability in environments that require low power consumption (11.5 and 13.7 watts respectively). This processor provides up to 1.4 giga operations per second (GOPS) and 0.9 GFLOPS of performance. The RAD5545 processor employs four RAD5500 cores, achieving performance characteristics of up to 5.6 giga-operations per second (GOPS) and over 3.7 GFLOPS. Power consumption is 20 watts with all peripherals operating. Based on the RAD5545, the RA\"DSP\"EED-HB is intended for host processing and data management support for one to four RA\"DSP\"EED DSPs. The RA\"DSP\"EED-HB replaces a secondary DDR2/DDR3 memory interface connection found on the RAD5545 with connections for RA\"DSP\"EED DSPs instead. (Note that RA\"DSP\"EED DSPs are entirely different processors that are specialized for digital signal processing and are not to be confused with the RA\"DSP\"EED-HB, which serves as a host bridge). The RAD5545 SpaceVPX single-board computer is a 6U-220 format module which includes either a RAD5515 or RAD5545 processor. RAD5500 The RAD5500 is a radiation-hardened 64-bit multi-core processor platform manufactured by BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support with Power"
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"Hillcrest Heights, Florida Hillcrest Heights is a town in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 266 at the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 280. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1917, the Lakeside Club was built on the south shore of Crooked Lake. A year later, this club burnt to the ground and was rebuilt and named the Hillcrest Lodge. This lodge was well known and many celebrities stayed there including Bobby Jones, Babe Ruth and William Jennings Bryan. In 1923, the Village of Hillcrest Heights was incorporated. A year later, the town's dirt roads were all paved. Hillcrest Heights is located just south of Babson Park and east of Crooked Lake. The town is approximately nine miles south of Lake Wales and five miles (8 km) north of Frostproof. Hillcrest Heights is located within the Central Florida Highlands area of the Atlantic coastal plain with a terrain consisting of flatland interspersed with gently rolling hills. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Hillcrest Heights is located in the humid subtropical zone (Köppen climate classification: \"Cfa\"). Hillcrest Heights has a town council made up of five members including a mayor and vice mayor. The town does not have a city manager and is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the town. Police services are contracted through the Polk County Sheriffs Office Department. The town's annual operating budget is less than $100,000. In the most recent 2009 elections, only the incumbent commissioners qualified and were elected by default. Although the town is only , the residents and government of Hillcrest Heights have been aggressive in keeping the status quo in the town. Because of encroaching annexations by the City of Frostproof, the town is exploring the possibility of annexing Crooked Lake and nearby shores which would increase the size of the town to . Although the annexation would not increase the population of Hillcrest Heights, it would help stop development of nearby areas. Many residents of adjacent census-designated place(CDP) of Babson Park, with a population of over 1,000 are also fearful of the Frostproof annexations, and the Babson Park Visioning Group is considering either incorporating the CDP or asking for annexation by Hillcrest Heights. As of the census of 2000, there were 266 people, 99 households, and 75 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,640.3 inhabitants per square mile (641.9/km²). There were 138 housing units at an average density of 851.0 per square mile (333.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.62% White, 1.88% African American, 0.75% Asian, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.88% of the population. There were 99 households out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.15. In the town, the population was spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $60,556, and the median income for a family was $62,143. Males had a median income of $40,833 versus $33,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,802. About 2.9% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 5.7% of those sixty five or over. Hillcrest Heights is part of the Tampa/St. Pete television market, the 13th largest in the country and part of the local Lakeland/Winter Haven radio market, which is the 94th largest in the country. There are no public schools in Hillcrest Heights. Generally students will go to elementary school at nearby Babson Park Elementary, and then go on to Frostproof Middle/High School or take advantage of the Lake Wales charter school system. Warner University is a few miles west of town. Hillcrest Heights, Florida Hillcrest Heights is a town in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 266 at the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 280. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area."
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"Greatest Hits Vol. 16 Greatest Hits Vol. 16 is a compilation album by the American rock band The Donnas, released in 2009 through Purple Feather Records, the band's independent record label. Despite its title, it is neither a greatest hits album nor the sixteenth volume in a series; rather, it is a collection of new material, B-sides, live recordings, previously unreleased tracks, and alternate versions and new recordings of songs from the band's back catalog, which together form a retrospective look at their career. The \"Vol. 16\" in the title refers to the album being released in the band's sixteenth year, the group having formed in 1993. The oldest material on the album are the tracks \"Teenage Rules\" and \"I Don't Wanna Break Your Head\", which are previously-unreleased outtakes from the recording sessions for the band's debut album, \"The Donnas\" (1997). \"Teenage Rules\" was recorded and produced by Darin Raffaelli, who ghostwrote most of The Donnas' early material and released their first album through his Super*Teem! label. Raffaelli shares writing credit with The Donnas on all eight tracks on the second half of \"Greatest Hits Vol. 16\" and sings lead vocals on \"I Wanna Be with a Girl Like You\", which is an alternate version of the early Donnas song \"A Boy Like You\" from their debut single, \"High School Yum Yum\" (1995). \"I Don't Wanna Break Your Head\" was recorded and produced by Robert Shimp (producer of 2001's \"The Donnas Turn 21\" and 2002's \"Spend the Night\") and re-mixed by Jay Ruston (who produced 2007's \"Bitchin'\"). An alternate version of \"The Donnas\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> \"Hey I'm Gonna Be Your Girl\" is also included on \"Greatest Hits Vol. 16\"; this version was also recorded and produced by Shimp and re-mixed by Ruston, as were \"I Wanna Be with a Girl Like You\" and a re-mixed version of \"Play My Game\" (the original mix appears on \"The Donnas Turn 21\"). Two outtakes from the band's seventh album, \"Bitchin<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" (2007), are included on \"Greatest Hits Vol. 16\": \"We Own the Night\" and \"She's Out of Control\" were recorded, mixed, and produced by Ruston during the \"Bitchin<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" sessions at Clear Lake Audio in North Hollywood, Los Angeles. Also included are live recordings of the band's two highest-charting singles, \"Take It Off\" and \"Fall Behind Me\". For the album's new recordings, The Donnas returned to Clear Lake Audio and used the same production team they had for \"Bitchin<nowiki>'</nowiki>\". \"Get Off\" and \"Perfect Stranger\" are new material, while the remaining five tracks are new recordings of songs from the band's back catalog: \"High School Yum Yum\" was the band's first single, released in 1995, while \"I Don't Want to Go to School\" appeared on the \"Da Doo Ron Ron\" single the following year. One song from each of the band's first three studio albums was re-recorded: \"Get Rid of That Girl\" from \"The Donnas\" (1997), \"You Make Me Hot\" from \"American Teenage Rock 'n' Roll Machine\" (1998), and \"Get You Alone\" from \"Get Skintight\" (1999). Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic rated \"Greatest Hits Vol. 16\" three and a half stars out of five, calling it \"a collection of odds and sods that by its nature would seem to hold interest only for diehards, but there's a smidgeon of truth that this, like other albums called Greatest Hits, can be used as an introduction to The Donnas because it captures their reckless roar as well as any of their other albums. Arguably, it captures their sound better than their glossy major-label platters for Atlantic.\" Critic Robert Christgau gave it an honorable mention, calling it \"one shallow, sexed up, hard rock thing.\" Keith Carman of \"Exclaim!\" reviewed it negatively, calling it \"probably one of the most confusing releases in the history of punk rock\" and \"proof-positive that some bands shouldn't be in charge of their output.\" \"Everything from the title to the song selection and overall rationale behind this (one hesitates to use the word) 'effort' is pointless\", he opined. \"Starting weakly, a few forgettable B-sides slide into live versions of some mid-career tracks. Fine. But then the affair is rounded out with updated recordings of their formative releases. Why? Who knows, but what's worse is that The Donnas don't even pick their cool songs; they just grab whatever they felt like at the time. Sure, the updated performances are better than the originals but they lack the spunk of those juvenile-yet-enthusiastic versions recorded some ten years ago. And why, at this stage in the game, would they bother going to the trouble?\" Jayson Harsin of \"PopMatters\" rated the album five stars out of ten, stating that \"For partiers, perverts, and the girl power posse, \"Greatest Hits Vol. 16\" is a must-have. For everyone else—well, if you don't love them by now, this ain't gonna hook your gills. Moreover, its nostalgia may be a turnoff.\" While speaking positively of \"Get Off\", the two \"Bitchin<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" B-sides, and the live tracks, he found \"Perfect Stranger\" to be \"a cut that sounds right out of early ‘80s pop-rock, with reined-in lead vocals and purring backups. It’s quite a break with the past, and, for this listener, both ill-fitting and a bad omen.\" He remarked that the album's lyrical content \"falls between the two simple poles of catfights over boys and sex-tease power trips over boys. It's hardly a John Hughes film.\" He also found the re-recorded early songs to sound uncomfortable now that the band members were adults: \"When the album shifts away from this power trash theme to meditations on high school ennui, the music has an odor of somewhat uncomfortable nostalgia. Witness Brett Anderson whining 'I Don’t Wanna Go to School No More': 'I don't want to grow up well / I just want my Taco Bell.' This is now coming from thirty year-olds. Ditto for 'Teenage Rules' and “I Don’t Wanna Break Your Head', which are otherwise another couple of great Ramones homages.\" Writing credits and track information adapted from the album's liner notes. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Greatest Hits Vol. 16 Greatest Hits Vol. 16 is a compilation album by the American rock band The Donnas, released in 2009 through Purple Feather Records, the band's independent record label. Despite its title, it is neither a greatest hits album nor the sixteenth volume in a series; rather, it is a collection of new material, B-sides, live recordings, previously unreleased tracks, and alternate versions and new recordings of songs from the band's back catalog, which together form a retrospective look at their career. The \"Vol. 16\" in the title refers to the album being released in the"
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"Kanamycin A Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It is not a first line treatment. It is used by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle. Kanamycin is recommended for short-term use only, usually from 7 to 10 days. As with most antibiotics, it is ineffective in viral infections. Common side effects include hearing and balance problems. Kidney problems may also occur. Kanamycin is not recommended during pregnancy as it may harm the baby. It is likely safe during breastfeeding. Kanamycin is in the aminoglycoside family of medications. It works by blocking the production of proteins that are required for bacterial survival. Kanamycin was first isolated in 1957 by Hamao Umezawa from the bacterium \"Streptomyces kanamyceticus\". It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is US$0.85–1.52 per dose as of 2014. It is no longer commercially available in the United States. Kanamycin is indicated for short term treatment of bacterial infections caused by one or more of the following pathogens: \"E. coli\", \"Proteus\" species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), \"Enterobacter aerogenes\", \"Klebsiella pneumoniae\", \"Serratia marcescens\", and \"Acinetobacter\" species. In cases of serious infection when the causative organism is unknown, Kanamycin injection in conjunction with a penicillin- or cephalosporin-type drug may be given initially before obtaining results of susceptibility testing. Kanamycin does not treat viral infections. Kanamycin is pregnancy category D in the United States. Kanamycin enters breast milk in small amounts. The manufacturer therefore advises that people should either stop breastfeeding or kanamycin. The American Academy of Pediatrics considers kanamycin okay in breastfeeding. Kanamycin should be used with caution in newborns due to the risk of increased drug concentration resulting from immature kidney function. Serious side effects include ringing in the ears or loss of hearing, toxicity to kidneys, and allergic reactions to the drug. Other side effects include: Gastrointestinal effects Musculoskeletal effects Neurologic effects Metabolic effects Kanamycin interacts with the 30S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes. It gives rise to substantial amounts of mistranslation and indirectly inhibits translocation during protein synthesis. Kanamycin works by interfering with protein synthesis. It binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This results in incorrect alignment with the mRNA and eventually leads to a misread that causes the wrong amino acid to be placed into the peptide. This leads to nonfunctional peptide chains. Kanamycin is a mixture of three main components: kanamycin A, B, and C. Kanamycin A is the major component in kanamycin. The effects of these components do not appear to be widely studied as individual compounds when used against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. While the main product produced by \"Streptomyces kanamyceticus\" is kanamycin A, additional products are also produced, including kanamycin B, kanamycin C, kanamycin D and kanamycin X. The kanamycin biosynthetic pathway can be divided into two parts. The first part is common to several aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as butirosin and neomycin. In it a unique aminocyclitol, 2-deoxystreptamine, is biosynthesized from -glucopyranose 6-phosphate in four steps. At this point the kanamycin pathway splits into two branches due to the promiscuity of the next enzyme, which can utilize two different glycosyl donors - UDP-N-acetyl-α--glucosamine and UDP-α--glucose. One of the branches forms kanamycin C and kanamycin B, while the other branch forms kanamycin D and kanamycin X. However, both kanamycin B and kanamycin D can be converted to kanamycin A, so both branches of the pathway converge at kanamycin A. Kanamycin is used in molecular biology as a selective agent most commonly to isolate bacteria (e.g., \"E. coli\") which have taken up genes (e.g., of plasmids) coupled to a gene coding for kanamycin resistance (primarily Neomycin phosphotransferase II [NPT II/Neo]). Bacteria that have been transformed with a plasmid containing the kanamycin resistance gene are plated on kanamycin (50-100 ug/ml) containing agar plates or are grown in media containing kanamycin (50-100 ug/ml). Only the bacteria that have successfully taken up the kanamycin resistance gene become resistant and will grow under these conditions. As a powder, kanamycin is white to off-white and is soluble in water (50 mg/ml). At least one such gene, \"Atwbc19\" is native to a plant species, of comparatively large size and its coded protein acts in a manner which decreases the possibility of horizontal gene transfer from the plant to bacteria; it may be incapable of giving resistance to bacteria even if gene transfer occurs. The selection marker kanMX is a hybrid gene consisting of a bacterial aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (kan from transposon Tn903) under control of the strong TEF promoter from \"Ashbya gossypii\". Mammalian cells, yeast, and other eukaryotes acquire resistance to geneticin (= G418, an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to kanamycin) when transformed with a kanMX marker. In yeast, the kanMX marker avoids the requirement of auxotrophic markers. In addition, the kanMX marker renders \"E. coli\" resistant to kanamycin. In shuttle vectors the KanMX cassette is used with an additional bacterial promoter. Several versions of the kanMX cassette are in use, e.g. kanMX1-kanMX6. They primarily differ by additional restriction sites and other small changes around the actual open reading frame. Kanamycin A Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It is not a first line treatment. It is used by mouth,"
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"U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps With the advent of unmanned and manned space flight a new era of American history had presented itself. Keeping with the tradition of honoring the country's history on U.S. postage stamps, the U.S. Post Office began honoring the various events with its commemorative postage stamp issues. The first U.S. Postage issue to depict a U.S. space vehicle was issued in 1948, the Fort Bliss issue. The first issue to commemorate a space project by name was the ECHO I communications satellite commemorative issue of 1960. Next was the Project Mercury issue of 1962. As U.S. space exploration progressed a variety of other commemorative issues followed, many of which bear accurate depictions of satellites, space capsules, lunar modules, space suits, and other items of interest. Space exploration history is a popular topic, as record numbers of First-Day covers for postage stamps with space themes will attest. The Project Mercury issue of 1962 had more than three million 'First Day of Issue' cancellations, while the average number of First-Day cancels for other commemorative issues at that time was around half a million. In 1969, the Apollo VIII issue received 900,000 First-Day cancels while others received less than half this amount. As the advent of U.S. space exploration grew, so did the topic of Space Exploration on stamps. Fort Bliss has a long and diverse history and functioned in many capacities over the years. By February 1946, over 100 Operation Paperclip scientists had arrived from Nazi Germany to develop rockets and were attached to the Office of the Chief of Ordnance Corps, Research and Development Service, Suboffice (Rocket), headed by Major James P. Hamill. This stamp was issued on the 100th anniversary of Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas, in its honor. Third Assistant Postmaster General Joseph L. Lawler dedicated the stamp in El Paso on November 5, 1948. The issue depicts what appears to be a rocket designed after the V-2 in the center, which technically makes it a \"space stamp\" in the Topographical world of philately. Based on findings made by Dr. Robert Goddard following World War I, the Germans hit a peak production of V-2's during 1944 and 1945 at Peenemunde. When they arrived in the United States, at Fort Bliss, they brought with them the knowledge of the V-2, and as such, the U.S. made arrangements with these scientists and employed their knowledge in developing rockets at Fort Bliss in Post War United States. It was this effort that led the way to the successful production of the great rockets that carried satellites and Astronauts into space. The stamp's designer, Charles R. Chickering, intended the issue to salute the old as well as the new Fort Bliss and portray some of the highlights of the Fort's hundred-year history. Chickering, of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, designed the stamp. C.A. Brooks engraved the vignette, and A.W. Christensen engraved the border, the lettering, and the numerals. The quantity issued was 64,561,000. Following the failure of the Delta rocket carrying Echo 1 on May 13, 1960, Echo 1A (commonly referred to as just Echo 1) was successfully put into a 944 to 1,048 mi orbit on August 12, 1960, by NASA. The 100 ft. diameter balloon was made of ultra thin (0.0050 in) metalized Mylar polyester film and was successfully used to reflect transcontinental and intercontinental telephone, radio, and television signals. The satellite also aided in the calculation of atmospheric density and solar pressure due to its large area-to-mass ratio. Because its shiny surface the large balloon-like satellite was also reflective of visible light rays, Echo 1A was visible to the naked eye over most of the Earth. Echo 1 was a passive communications satellite: it functioned as a reflector, not a transmitter. After it was placed in a low Earth orbit (LEO), a signal would be transmitted from Earth to the Echo satellite and then reflected or bounced off its surface, and then returned to Earth. It was the pioneer of communications satellites. Because it was brighter than most stars, it was seen by more people than any other man-made object in space at that time. Upon reentry into Earth's atmosphere ECHO 1A burned up on May 24, 1968. This was the first 'Space Stamp' with an actual subject of a real space vessel, unlike the generic or symbolic rocket depicted in the Fort Bliss issue of 1948. The U.S. Post Office issued this 4-cent Echo I \"Communications for Peace\" commemorative stamp through the Washington, D.C., post office on December 15, 1960. The stamp was produced and issued to honor the world's first communications satellite. Designed by Ervine Metzl, the stamp was printed by the rotary process, electric-eye perforated, and issued in panes of fifty stamps each. Quantities issued totaled more than 120 million. Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. It ran from 1959 through 1963 with the goal of putting a human in orbit around the Earth. The Mercury-Atlas 6 flight on February 20, 1962, was the first Mercury flight to achieve this goal. The Post Office Department honored this first orbital flight of a United States astronaut on February 20, 1962, when it released the Project Mercury commemorative stamp, placed on sale throughout the country at the exact hour Colonel John Glenn's historic flight officially had returned to Earth safely. The stamp features an image of the Mercury \"Friendship 7\" capsule circling the earth, against a field of stars. The spacecraft is now housed at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC. Because the event was deemed so popular the number of quantities issued totaled more than 289 million, more than twice the average amount of quantities issued for commemorative postage issues of that time. This issue has somewhat of an unusual history. It was one of the first issues printed on the new Giori Press (named after its inventor, Gualtiero Giori). It employed a series of specially cut rubber rollers that applied two or three different colored inks on the same printing plate. As the new press was being used to print the Project Mercury stamp before the mission took place and in case the mission failed or was canceled, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing kept word about the new press and the stamp issue's production a secret. To further assure that the project be kept secret the designer of this issue, Charles R. Chickering, worked from his home and simply claimed that he was away on vacation. The stamps, waiting at post offices around the U.S., were sealed and marked \"Top Secret\". Only after Glenn's trip were the postmasters allowed to open the package and see what was inside. Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) is widely recognized as the \"father of rocketry,\" as he pioneered the modern propulsion rocket based on his knowledge of math, engineering and physics. His accomplishments included creating the first rocket propelled using liquid fuel and developing the first rocket to use internal vanes for guidance. He launched his first rocket in March 1926. Goddard continued to achieve many firsts in the field of rocketry with funding from institutions such as the Smithsonian. In 1919, the Smithsonian Institution published Robert Goddard's groundbreaking work, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. Other than from sources like the Smithsonian, Goddard received little public support for his research during his lifetime. He was the first to recognize the scientific potential of liquid fuel rockets in space travel and was instrumental in bringing about the design and construction of those rockets needed to implement those ideas. Though his work in the field was revolutionary, he was sometimes ridiculed by the public and in the press for his theories concerning spaceflight and therefore became protective of his privacy and his research work. Years after his death, as manned spaceflight finally became a reality,",
"funding from institutions such as the Smithsonian. In 1919, the Smithsonian Institution published Robert Goddard's groundbreaking work, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. Other than from sources like the Smithsonian, Goddard received little public support for his research during his lifetime. He was the first to recognize the scientific potential of liquid fuel rockets in space travel and was instrumental in bringing about the design and construction of those rockets needed to implement those ideas. Though his work in the field was revolutionary, he was sometimes ridiculed by the public and in the press for his theories concerning spaceflight and therefore became protective of his privacy and his research work. Years after his death, as manned spaceflight finally became a reality, Goddard at long last came to be recognized as the man who pioneered modern rocketry and ultimately space exploration. On October 5, 1964, the U.S. Post Office issued a postage stamp commemorating Robert Goddard. The stamp depicts an image of Goddard next to a rocket launching from the Kennedy Space Center. The Post Office released the stamp issues at a ceremony held in New Mexico. Goddard's wife, Esther Goddard, attended the ceremony. She was given the honor of pressing the button launching two rockets, one of which flew some mile and a half into the air. The two rockets each carried 1,000 first day covers, and after parachuting to the ground were recovered with the first day covers later sold to collectors. Designed by Robert J. Jones and printed on the Giori press, the quantities for this issue totaled more than 62 million. Gemini IV was a June 1965 manned space flight in NASA's Gemini program. It was the second manned Gemini flight, the tenth manned American flight and the 18th spaceflight of all time (includes X-15 flights over ). It was crewed by James McDivitt and Ed White. The highlight of the mission was the first space walk by an American, during which White remained tethered outside the spacecraft for 22 minutes. Tied to a tether, White fired his oxygen powered \"zip gun\" and floated out of the capsule. He traveled fifteen feet (five meters) out, and began to experiment with maneuvering. He found it easy, especially the pitch and yaw, although he thought the roll would use too much fuel. Two 5-cent se-tenant stamps comprise one illustration of an astronaut during a space walk, honoring the space accomplishments of the United States. These issues were first placed on sale on September 29, 1967, at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The offset press and intaglio press were combined to produce this issue in sheets bearing one horizontal plate number. Offset printed the red stripes in the flags on the astronaut's spacesuit and capsule and light blue sky areas, as well as the inscription on the astronaut stamp. The Giori press printed dark blue sky areas, the aqua earth, and black tones on the capsule and astronaut. The inscription on the spaceship stamp was white. This issue was designed by Paul Calle of Stamford, Connecticut, who based his design from photos taken on the Gemini IV mission. The issue was printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. It was issued in panes of fifty, with an initial printing of 120 million. Up until the time of the Apollo VIII mission all manned ventures into space were confined to brief flights into space or to orbiting the Earth. Apollo VIII was the first human spaceflight mission to leave Earth orbit; the first to be captured by and escape from the gravitational field of another celestial body; and the first crew to voyage and then return to planet Earth from another celestial body – Earth's Moon. The three-man crew of mission Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders became the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes, as well as the first humans to see planet Earth from beyond low Earth orbit. The mission was accomplished with the first manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. Apollo VIII was the second manned mission of the Apollo Program. While orbiting the Moon each man on board read a section from the Biblical creation story (verses 1–10) from the Book of Genesis, and it is this unprecedented historical event that is theme of the Apollo VIII issue's design, the issue being inscribed with the words, \"In the beginning God...\" superimposed on the photograph \"Earthrise\", taken by Anders. Borman finished the broadcast by wishing a Merry Christmas to everyone on Earth. This issue was first released in Houston Texas on May 5, 1969. Basing his design on the Anders' \"Earthrise\" photograph, and from the words they read from Genesis, Leonard E. Buckley designed the Apollo VIII commemorative issue of 1969. The issue was printed on the multi-color Giori Press. Quantities issued totaled more than 187 million. The Apollo 11 mission landed the first humans on the Moon. Launched on July 16, 1969, the third lunar mission of NASA's Apollo Program was crewed by Commander Neil A. Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon, while Collins orbited in the Command Module. The Apollo 11 mission reached President John F. Kennedy's goal of putting a man on the Moon's surface by the end of the 1960s. On September 9, 1969, the U.S. Post office issued its first airmail stamp to depict a space exploration theme, the First Man on the Moon issue. The man depicted in the space suit is Neil Armstrong taking man's first step on the moon. This issue was designed by Paul Calle. The stamp's original master die was actually flown to the moon, and a letter with the stamp canceled on the way back. The quantities issued were more than 152 million making the issue quite common, and quite popular. Some issues are missing the red color resulting in the stripes of the flag emblem on Armstrong's arm being omitted making that issue quite scarce and expensive. This 'Space Achievements' issue depicts the Earth, Sun, Lunar Module, the Lunar Rover and astronauts. Two 8-cent se-tenant stamps commemorating a decade of space achievements were placed on sale August 2, 1971, at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and Houston, Texas. First day covers were postmarked at two different post offices (Houston, Texas and Huntsville, Alabama, location of the two tracking stations.) rather than the usual one because of extraordinary popularity of the space program at the time of issuance. This issue was designed by Robert T. McCall of Paradise Valley, Arizona. Upon close examination of this issue one can see that it has an accurate depiction of the Lunar Rover, sitting on the Lunar surface. The Lunar landing module can also be seen in the background. This issue (pair) came in sheets of 50 (100 individual stamps), with an initial printing of 150 million. Skylab, a science and engineering laboratory, was the United States' first space station, and the second space station visited by a human crew. It was put into orbit by a Saturn V rocket on 14 May 1973. It was also the only space station NASA launched alone. The 100-ton space station was in Earth's orbit from 1973 to 1979 and it was visited by crews three times in 1973 and 1974. Circling 50 degrees north and south of the equator at an altitude of , Skylab had an orbital period of 93 minutes. There were a plethora of UV astronomy experiments done during the Skylab lifetime, as well as detailed X-ray studies of the Sun. The station was active until July 11, 1979, when it fell out of orbit. The 10-cent Skylab commemorative stamp first day of release took place at Houston, Texas, on May 14, 1974. This issue commemorates the first anniversary of the launching of Skylab, and depicts the station as it was repaired, complete with \"umbrella\" and missing the lost solar panel. The stamp was designed by Robert T. McCall and was issued in sheets of",
"alone. The 100-ton space station was in Earth's orbit from 1973 to 1979 and it was visited by crews three times in 1973 and 1974. Circling 50 degrees north and south of the equator at an altitude of , Skylab had an orbital period of 93 minutes. There were a plethora of UV astronomy experiments done during the Skylab lifetime, as well as detailed X-ray studies of the Sun. The station was active until July 11, 1979, when it fell out of orbit. The 10-cent Skylab commemorative stamp first day of release took place at Houston, Texas, on May 14, 1974. This issue commemorates the first anniversary of the launching of Skylab, and depicts the station as it was repaired, complete with \"umbrella\" and missing the lost solar panel. The stamp was designed by Robert T. McCall and was issued in sheets of fifty, with an initial printing of 140 million. In March 1972, scientists at NASA launched \"Pioneer 10\" to gather scientific data about the solar system's largest planet, Jupiter, while the vessel was also receiving radio control and guidance signals and other information from Earth. The Pioneer space craft was expected to last for 21 months in the solar system and deliver accurate information over that period of time. The fastest man made object to enter space from Earth, the spacecraft was to begin collecting data at the Asteroid Belt and Jupiter and continue to relay information about other areas and phenomena of the solar system. After \"Pioneer 10\" passed through the asteroid belt, \"Pioneer 11\", was launched on a similar trajectory. \"Pioneer 10\" became the first spacecraft to get close enough to Jupiter to send back revelations about the properties and phenomena of the solar system's largest planet. The 10-cent Pioneer commemorative stamp was issued on February 28, 1975, at Mountain View, California, and paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing less than one half ounce. Designed by Robert T. McCall and printed at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing on the Giori presses, the stamp shares numerous design elements with USA Scott 1557, the \"Mariner 10\" Issue of 1975. Engineered to explore the orbits of Venus and Mercury, \"Mariner 10\" launched in November 1973. The mission's two- year plan used the gravitational pull of Venus to reach Mercury. The probe also used solar winds to help with locomotion when fuel ran low. \"Mariner 10\" orbited the planets in the opposite direction of Earth's orbit. Mariner's first photographed images, which revealed Venus's dense cloud cover, reached NASA scientists in February 1974. Data collected by \"Mariner 10\" helped determine Venus's rotation period and use of Earth's magnetic field. Photos of Mercury revealed its cratered surface and its large scarps and plains. Research also recorded its radical temperature variations between night and day. The 10-cent \"Mariner 10\" commemorative stamp was issued on April 4, 1975, at Pasadena, California. It paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing less than a half ounce. The stamp shares numerous design elements with USA Scott 1556, and while they have different designers and dates of issue, the two are cataloged together under the heading \"U.S. Unmanned Accomplishments in Space.\" Designed by Roy Gjertson, the \"Mariner 10\" commemorative postage issue was printed at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in multi-color on the Giori presses. Quantities issued totaled more than 158 million. With the Apollo–Soyuz mission, two nations collaborated on a space project for the first time. In July 1975, the United States launched the manned Apollo Command module to rendezvous with Russia's manned Soyuz module. A special docking station facilitated interaction among the astronauts. Television stations worldwide broadcast the historic docking and bi-national greeting made by the astronauts. The modules remained docked for two days, during which the teams performed numerous experiments. The U.S. Postal Service issued this se-tenant pair of two 10-cent multicolored stamps on July 15, 1975, at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Inexplicably, the circular program insignia on the left-hand stamp is rotated to the Soviet configuration, showing the red Soyuz section on the left. The Soviet Union also released stamps of similar design (Russia Scott 4339–4340) at the same time. This denomination paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing less than half ounce. Robert T. McCall designed the 'after link-up' image, and Anatoly Aksamit designed the 'before link-up' image. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing produced the stamps on the Andreotti press in sheets of ninety-six stamps, panes of twenty-four. Quantities issued for this pair of postage issues totaled more than 161 million. NASA's Viking program consisted of a pair of space probes sent to Mars, \"Viking I\" and \"Viking II\". Each vehicle was composed of two main parts, an orbiter designed to photograph the surface of Mars from orbit, and a lander designed to study the planet from the surface. The orbiters also served as communication relays for the landers once they touched down. Upon close examination one can discern the engraving of the landing component used to collect soil samples on Mars, the radio dish, landing gear and other equipment rendered by the engraver in this issue. The U.S. Postal Service released this issue at Hampton, Virginia, on July 20, 1978, the second anniversary of the Viking I lander's descent on to the Martian surface. The 15-cent denomination paid the new domestic rate that had recently increased from 13-cents two months earlier for a first-class letter weighing less than half ounce. It was the second such stamp issued to fulfill that rate. Designed by Robert T. McCall, the issue was printed at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing on the Giori presses in sheets of 200 stamps which were then cut into panes of fifty stamps for sale at post offices. First day of issue ceremony took place July 20, 1978, at Hampton, Va. Quantities issued totaled more than 158 million. On May 21, 1981, the Post Office released the Space Achievement commemorative issue, 18-cent stamps, in a block of eight format, one image being shared by four individual stamps, with four more aside them depicting various space exploration imagery. First day of issue occurred at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The four central stamps depict the Space Shuttle in its various modes of operation. The central theme of this issue involves the first actual 'in space' flights of the Space Shuttle and also pays tribute to twenty years of U.S. manned space exploration. The other stamps to the left and right sides are honoring the efforts of those who partook in the historical Moon walk, Skylab, and \"Pioneer 11\" missions. The images were modeled by Clarance Holbert. The stamp design by Robert T. McCall. The U.S. Space Shuttle stamp of 1995 depicts the famous liftoff of the Space Shuttle \"Endeavour\", Mission STS-57, which took place on June 21, 1993, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This issue was designed by Phil Jordan of Falls Church, Virginia. As an extra security measure, elliptical perforations were used on sheets of stamps to identify genuine issues from those that might be counterfeited. The postage stamps were manufactured by Ashton-Potter (USA) Ltd. in the offset/intaglio process. On June 22, 1995, in Anaheim, California, the USPS commemorated the Space Shuttle \"Challenger\", STS-7, with the issuance of a 3-dollar postage stamp. Again designed by Phil Jordan, the stamp features the \"Challenger\" Space Shuttle. The name of the Space Shuttle was inscribed in microtype and secretly blended into the design matrix to satisfy concern about matters of security. This was the first time that the Post Office used an actual photograph from a NASA mission, instead of an illustration based on a photograph. This issue was also printed by Ashton-Potter USA, Ltd., on the offset-intaglio printer. On November 19, 1998, in New York City, the Post Office",
"those that might be counterfeited. The postage stamps were manufactured by Ashton-Potter (USA) Ltd. in the offset/intaglio process. On June 22, 1995, in Anaheim, California, the USPS commemorated the Space Shuttle \"Challenger\", STS-7, with the issuance of a 3-dollar postage stamp. Again designed by Phil Jordan, the stamp features the \"Challenger\" Space Shuttle. The name of the Space Shuttle was inscribed in microtype and secretly blended into the design matrix to satisfy concern about matters of security. This was the first time that the Post Office used an actual photograph from a NASA mission, instead of an illustration based on a photograph. This issue was also printed by Ashton-Potter USA, Ltd., on the offset-intaglio printer. On November 19, 1998, in New York City, the Post Office issued the Space Shuttle Piggyback $11.75 definitive Express Mail postage stamp. With all the fanfare surrounding the United States space program, this ceremony was in conjunction with the special First Day of Issue grand event that in New York that year. This issue was also designed by Phil Jordan and was printed by the Banknote Corporation of America. U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps With the advent of unmanned and manned space flight a new era of American history had presented itself. Keeping with the tradition of honoring the country's history on U.S. postage stamps, the U.S. Post"
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"Expert RA Expert RA is Russia’s oldest credit rating agency and also the largest one in terms of both customers and headcount. Expert RA has been assigning credit ratings for 20 years already. Expert RA is on the list of authorized rating institutions, meaning that its credit ratings are applicable for regulatory purposes to banks, insurers, pension funds, and debt issuers. 1995 - First ratings assigned on the Expert magazine platform 1997 - A rating agency (Expert RA) established 1998 - Expert RA creates its Analytics & Communications Business line 2001 - Expert RA’s ratings integrated in the business environment. Accreditation by exchanges and professional associations 2010 - Expert RA accredited by Russia’s Ministry of Finance 2016 - Central Bank of Russia puts Expert RA on the list of accredited credit agencies 2017 - Change of the rating scale, 19 gradations introduce in the rating system 2018 - Expert RA signs a strategic partnership memorandum with China Chengxin Credit Rating Group (CCXI) - Credit Ratings Currently, Expert RA has more than 500 credit ratings outstanding, including 446 issuer and 148 issue credit ratings (as of July 1, 2018). The agency assigns credit ratings to regions and municipalities. - Communications & Analytics Expert RA addresses key national issues in cooperation with government agencies, public associations, and regional authorities. - Surveys and Rankings Expert RA publishes over 50 research papers and analytical reports on insurance, banking, asset management, leasing, factoring, auditing, consulting and other industries annually. - Business Events Every year, Expert RA holds events such as forums, conferences, and round tables to discuss research and work out solutions and scenarios for business community and public authorities. Expert RA National Rating Scale for the Russian Federation Effective from 10 April 2017 Expert RA has 16 currently active credit rating methodologies, of which 11 are recognized by the regulator as fully complying with Law 222-FZ and suitable for regulatory purposes. Recognized for regulatory purposes Under review Expert RA Expert RA is Russia’s oldest credit rating agency and also the largest one in terms of both customers and headcount. Expert RA has been assigning credit ratings for 20 years already. Expert RA is on the list of authorized rating institutions, meaning that its credit ratings are applicable for regulatory purposes to banks, insurers, pension funds, and debt issuers. 1995 - First ratings assigned on the Expert magazine platform 1997 - A rating agency (Expert"
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"retrieved": [
"CYP1A2 Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. In humans, the CYP1A2 enzyme is encoded by the \"CYP1A2\" gene. CYP1A2 is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. CYP1A2 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in cigarette smoke. The enzyme's endogenous substrate is unknown; however, it is able to metabolize some PAHs to carcinogenic intermediates. Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The transcript from this gene contains four Alu sequences flanked by direct repeats in the 3' untranslated region. CYP1A2 also metabolizes polyunsaturated fatty acids into signaling molecules that have physiological as well as pathological activities. It has monoxygenase activity for certain of these fatty acids in that it metabolizes arachidonic acid to 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (19-HETE) (see 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) but also has epoxygenase activity in that it metabolizes docosahexaenoic acid to epoxides, primarily 19\"R\",20\"S\"-epoxyeicosapentaenoic acid and 19\"S\",20\"R\"-epoxyeicosapentaenoic acid isomers (termed 19,20-EDP) and similarly metabolizes eicosapentaenoic acid to epoxides, primarily 17\"R\",18\"S\"-eicosatetraenic acid and 17\"S\",18\"R\"-eicosatetraenic acid isomers (termed 17,18-EEQ). 19-HETE is an inhibitor of 20-HETE, a broadly active signaling molecule, e.g. it constricts arterioles, elevates blood pressure, promotes inflammation responses, and stimulates the growth of various types of tumor cells; however the in vivo ability and significance of 19-HETE in inhibiting 20-HETE has not been demonstrated (see 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid). The EDP (see Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid) and EEQ (see epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid) metabolites have a broad range of activities. In various animal models and in vitro studies on animal and human tissues, they decrease hypertension and pain perception; suppress inflammation; inhibit angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration and endothelial cell proliferation; and inhibit the growth and metastasis of human breast and prostate cancer cell lines. It is suggested that the EDP and EEQ metabolites function in humans as they do in animal models and that, as products of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, the EDP and EEQ metabolites contribute to many of the beneficial effects attributed to dietary omega-3 fatty acids. EDP and EEQ metabolites are short-lived, being inactivated within seconds or minutes of formation by epoxide hydrolases, particularly soluble epoxide hydrolase, and therefore act locally. CYP1A2 is not regarded as being a major contributor to forming the cited epoxides but could act locally in certain tissues to do so. Expression of CYP1A2 appears to be induced by various dietary constituents. Vegetables such as cabbages, cauliflower and broccoli are known to increase levels of CYP1A2. Lower activity of CYP1A2 in South Asians appears to be due to cooking these vegetables in curries using ingredients such as cumin and turmeric, ingredients known to inhibit the enzyme. Following is a table of selected substrates, inducers and inhibitors of CYP1A2. Inhibitors of CYP1A2 can be classified by their potency, such as: CYP1A2 Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. In humans, the CYP1A2 enzyme is encoded by the \"CYP1A2\" gene. CYP1A2 is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. CYP1A2 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in"
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"retrieved": [
"Richard Menta Richard Menta is an American journalist, and the publisher of MP3 Newswire. Known for over a decade of commentary that followed the evolution of digital media and intellectual property protection, Menta is also an information security professional. During the 1990s Menta worked for various publishers, including Simon and Schuster and American Lawyer Media, where he built business models designed to leverage offline content into the online world. This included early experimentation with digital audio and video, which he oversaw, and this eventually led him to found MP3 Newswire. By 1999 Menta steered MP3 Newswire to original content, making it a place for knowledgeable professionals to share their opinions. Richard Menta Richard Menta is an American journalist, and the publisher of MP3 Newswire. Known for over a decade of commentary that followed the evolution of digital media and intellectual property protection, Menta is also an information security professional. During the 1990s Menta worked for various publishers, including Simon and Schuster and American Lawyer Media, where he built business models designed to leverage offline content into the online world. This included early experimentation with digital audio and video, which he oversaw, and this eventually led him to found MP3 Newswire."
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"retrieved": [
"Veintiocho de Noviembre 28 de Noviembre, written out as Veintiocho de Noviembre, is a town in southwestern Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It has roughly 5,300 inhabitants, most of whom are of Argentinian and Italian origin, and is located west of Río Gallegos and south of Río Turbio. The town is near the border with Chile, not far from Puerto Natales. Its main economic activity is coal mining. The town was officially founded on November 28, 1959, on the second anniversary of the adoption of the provincial constitution, when a decree merged several settlements into one town which was named after the date of foundation. 28 de Noviembre is the nearest town to Río Turbio Airport. Veintiocho de Noviembre 28 de Noviembre, written out as Veintiocho de Noviembre, is a town in southwestern Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It has roughly 5,300 inhabitants, most of whom are of Argentinian and Italian origin, and is located west of Río Gallegos and south of Río Turbio. The town is near the border with Chile, not far from Puerto Natales. Its main economic activity is coal mining. The town was officially founded on November 28, 1959, on the second anniversary of the adoption of the"
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"retrieved": [
"Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori, also known as Santa Maria de Sette Dolori, is a Roman Catholic church in Naples, Italy. It stands on a hill, providing an excellent view of Spaccanapoli, a Decumanus of Naples which ends across via Francesco Girardi. From the door of the church, one has a direct view across Naples through the straight decumanus. The church also faces the former convent of Santissima Trinità delle Monache. In 1411, a shrine with a statue of the Virgin was converted by the locals into a chapel called \"Santa Maria d'Ognibene\" (Holy Mary of all gifts). After the plague of 1516, the chapel and statue became a convent and church run by the Servite Order. In 1597, the cardinal Alfonso Carafa made this into a parish church, which was then briefly attached to the Congregation of Pii Operari, which had been started by Carlo Carafa. It was retransferred to the Servites, and remained so till 1809, till the monks were expelled. When they left, they took with them the statue of the Addolorata. The church and the Servite order was attached to a form of Marian devotion centered around the \"sette dolori\", which roughly translates to the seven sorrows, of the \"Maria Addolorata\" (Our Lady of Sorrows). These sorrows are roughly identified from scriptural interpretations. When the cholera struck Naples in 1836, the parish retrieved the statue and in 1837 placed it on the main altar. The church in 1849 was named a minor basilica by Pope Pius IX. The church we see now was mainly built starting 1640, by designs of Giovanni Cola Cocco. Other sources attribute the work to Nicola Tagliacozzi Canale. A number of artworks are associated with the church. The first chapel on right had a \"Christ heals the lame San Pellegrino Laziosi\" by Paolo de Matteis, with two lateral paintings by Carlo, the son of Nicola Malinconico. In the fourth chapel is a canvas depicting \"St Sebastian\" by Mattia Preti, and a \"St Jerome\" by followers of Ribera. In the first chapel to the left was a \"Baptism\" attributed to Silvestro Buono and in the 5th chapel, the \"Francesco di Paola\" has been attributed to Marco Cardisco. The famous sculptor and architect Cosimo Fanzago is buried in this church. The repertoire of paintings in the church now differs in many regards from the catalogue of Galante. Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori, also known as Santa Maria de Sette Dolori, is a Roman Catholic church in Naples, Italy. It stands on a hill, providing an excellent view of Spaccanapoli, a Decumanus of Naples which ends across via Francesco Girardi. From the door of the church, one has a direct view across Naples through the straight decumanus. The church also faces the former convent of Santissima Trinità delle Monache. In 1411, a shrine with a statue of the Virgin was converted by the"
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"retrieved": [
"Taipei City Arts Promotion Office Taipei City Arts Promotion Office () is a cultural center in Songshan District, Taipei, Taiwan. The founding preparation and planning stage of the cultural center began in April 1961. It was opened in January 1964 under the Department of Education of the Taipei City Government as the Taipei Municipal Social Education Hall(臺北市立社會教育館) at Chung-Shan Building in Taipei. In January 1967, the center borrowed the Ming-Lun Hall of Taipei Confucius Temple as their temporary location. In 1976, the center decided to construct its own place at the Municipal Park No. 5. The construction work commenced in March 1979 and was completed in June 1983. The center was officially reopened to the public on 22 October in the same year. In November 1999, the center was taken over by the Department of Cultural Affairs and its English name was changed to Taipei Cultural Center. In November 2015, the center was changed to Taipei City Arts Promotion Office. The cultural center is accessible within walking distance South East from Taipei Arena MRT station of Taipei Metro. Taipei City Arts Promotion Office Taipei City Arts Promotion Office () is a cultural center in Songshan District, Taipei, Taiwan. The founding"
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"retrieved": [
"DC animated universe (comics) While Batman and Superman had their own animated series and comic book follow-ups, the rest of the characters in the would appear in the following comics often. The Batman Adventures was created as a comic book tie-in to and The New Batman Adventures. Various titles related to the animated series ran from 1992 to 2004, along with various mini-series and one-shots. Similar to \"The Batman Adventures\", Superman Adventures was created as a comic book tie-in to . It ran between 1996 and 2002. Adventures in the DC Universe is the title of a comic book published by DC Comics. Following on from \"Batman Adventures\" and \"Superman Adventures\", \"Adventures in the DC Universe\" used the same \"animated style\" as seen in the DC Animated Universe, but focused on a rotating cast of characters from throughout the DC Universe. Most of the characters appearing in this series had yet to be seen in any DC Animated Universe series and, as such, their designs and histories were quite different from their appearances in the television series, such as \"Justice League\". For example, Kyle Rayner often appears in this series, but he appears to be far less like his animated-series counterpart (who had not yet appeared on \"\"), and is more reflective, both visually and historically, of the character appearing in the regular DC Universe comics. Justice League Adventures is a DC comic book series featuring the Justice League, but set in the continuity (and style) of the television shows \"Justice League\" and \"Justice League Unlimited\"; as opposed to the regular DC Universe. It is a sister title to \"Batman Adventures\" (based on \"\") and \"Superman Adventures\" (based on \"\"). \"Justice League Adventures\" ran for 34 issues from 2002–2004 before being restarted under the title Justice League Unlimited (to match the recreation and renaming of the television series). The new title ran for 46 issues from 2004–2008 before being canceled in May 2008, ending the last production of the DC Animated Universe. Batman Beyond also received a number of on-going and mini-series related to the series. Due to the popularity of the Batman Beyond concept, numerous tie-ins and cameos were created as a bridge between the DC animated universe and the DC Universe. Since 2012, DC Comics publishes three weekly digital series related to Batman Beyond, as prints them monthly as Batman Beyond Unlimited. While the \"Justice League\" and \"Justice League Unlimited\" comics did use many characters from the DC Universe, some characters never made it to the screen. Those that did not appear in the television series are listed below: The entire Marvel Family (except for Captain Marvel, who made a one-time appearance) were unable to appear on \"Justice League Unlimited\" due to legal reasons. DC animated universe (comics) While Batman and Superman had their own animated series and comic book follow-ups, the rest of the characters in the would appear in the following comics often. The Batman Adventures was created as a comic book tie-in to and The"
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"retrieved": [
"Gaucho sheepdog The Gaucho Sheepdog () is a dog breed that originated in the Gaucho Pampas, Brazil. The breed is not recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), but it has been recognized by the CBKC, a Brazilian kennel club affiliated with FCI. Dogs of this breed are often characterized as sturdy and agile, which makes them suitable for herding activities. The Gaucho sheepdog is widely used for herding sheep and other livestock, especially in the southern region of Brazil. The Gaucho Sheepdog was discovered in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil by shepherds in search of dogs with better herding abilities. There are two theories for the origin of the breed. The older and more widespread theory argues that the Gaucho Sheepdog descends from herding dogs (unspecific breed) in Rio Grande do Sul. This theory is based on the physical and behavioral characteristics of the breed, as well as historical context. The breed bears similarities to the Border Collie and Rough Collie breeds that arrived with European settlers in the 19th and 20th century to herd farm animals such as cattle, horses, and sheep. The Border Collie likely arrived in the municipality of Uruguaianain Rio Grande do Sul in the 1950s, along with a herd of Australian Merino sheep. Subsequently, these dogs were introduced in Pelotas city. The Rough Collies first arrived at the end of the 19th century with European immigrants, then later in the early 20th century. In addition to arriving with their European owners, this breed was also imported by farmers who wanted to modernize herd management techniques on their ranches. As a result of a recent historical, morphological, and behavioral study of the breed, a second origin theory developed. This hypothesis posits that the Gaucho Sheepdog descended from the herding dogs (unspecific breed) in the region, as well as the Rough Collie, Estrela Mountain Dog, and German Shepherd. Both theories conclude that the herding breeds, upon arriving in this region, underwent genetic selection. Dogs with sheep herding aptitude were bred selectively to meet demand from gaucho cowboys seeking herding dogs. A new breed emerged in a short time: the Gaucho Sheepdog, with a phenotype more adapted to the climate and geography of the region and a temperament more adapted to the needs of the local cowboys, maintaining an excellent aptitude for sheep herding. Morphologically, Gaucho Sheepdogs are similar to Border Collies, but they move differently when they are shepherding. Their size and height are medium, larger than Border Collies and a little bit smaller than Collies. Their coats are of moderate length, with or without an undercoat, in various colors. This breed is not known to be aggressive. Gaucho Sheepdogs are seen as good watchdog candidates since they are alert to strange noises, although they seldom attack intruders. They are smart dogs and learn commands quickly, and they are not aggressive with their herds. These dogs are known to co-exist happily with humans, as they are docile and friendly. Gaucho sheepdog The Gaucho Sheepdog () is"
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"retrieved": [
"Anupam Saraph Anupam Saraph is a respected innovator and polymath who has been an advisor in governance, informatics and strategic planning. Anupam Saraph obtained a PhD from the University of Groningen, Netherlands in Informatics while working with the IMAGE team at the RIVM and IVEM in the Netherlands. He is an acclaimed leadership, strategy and innovation mentor. His leadership, innovation and foresight in diverse sectors have left lasting value. Earlier Anupam Saraph has worked extensively with Donella Meadows on global modelling and systems theories Theory of Organization of Systems. He is credited with the development of systems theories and simulation tools that model the behavior of actors in a system and explore the evolution of systems. Anupam Saraph has also worked with Malcolm Slesser et al. in Edinburgh in the late 1990s to develop the ECCO modelling paradigm for assessing the economic and energy potentials of nations and regions. Slesser and Saraph are also credited with the 10th World Model, Monde, that allowed the common man to explore the impact of their actions on global sustainability. The work of Saraph and Slesser also allows development planning and help formulate economic policies. Anupam Saraph Anupam Saraph is a respected innovator and"
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"retrieved": [
"HMS Latona (1781) HMS \"Latona\" was a 36-gun, fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy that served during the American Revolution, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. Shortly after her launch in 1781, she participated in the Battle of Dogger Bank against a Dutch squadron in the North Sea. In September 1782, \"Latona\" took part in the relief of Gibraltar and was the first ship in the convoy to pass through the Straits, when Richard Howe sent her ahead, to spy on the condition of the Franco-Spanish fleet in Algeciras Bay. Late in 1792, when the British began re-arming in anticipation of another war with France, \"Latona\" underwent a refit and was recommissioned for the Channel Fleet. On 18 November 1793, she spotted, chased and engaged a squadron of six ships-of-the-line and some smaller vessels. She was unable to detain the enemy ships for long and they escaped before the rest of the British fleet could catch up. Still with Howe's fleet in May 1794, \"Latona\" and her compatriots were waiting for a large grain convoy bound for France from the United States. The British eventually found what they were looking for off Ushant on 28 May, and began a running battle which ended three days later on the Glorious First of June. \"Latona\" escaped serious damage despite being actively involved in the battle, coming to the assistance of the ship-of-the-line and firing on two French 74s before towing her to safety. \"Latona\" operated with a British squadron in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland during August 1799, and was present at the Vlieter Incident, when a Dutch squadron surrendered without resistance. She subsequently served in the Baltic before being decommissioned and laid up in ordinary, shortly after the Treaty of Amiens. Hostilities resumed in May 1803, but \"Latona\" was not brought back into service until the end of 1804. In April 1806, she was sent to the West Indies and was part of a small squadron of four frigates that captured Curaçao, on 1 January 1807. Sailing into the harbour second, behind , she helped the British frigate capture the 36-gun \"Kenau Hasselar\" before putting men ashore to storm the town and its defences. When the 40-gun \"Junon\" escaped a blockade of the Îles des Saintes in February 1809, she was pursued by \"Latona\", a second frigate and two brigs. As the French frigate engaged the 14-gun , \"Latona\" caught up and forced her to strike. A French expedition to the Caribbean under Amable Troude in April also found itself trapped when it stopped at the Îles des Saintes. When the islands were captured by a force under Major-General Frederick Maitland, the French squadron was forced to flee. \"Latona\", the ship-of-the-line and the frigate went after the 74-gun \"Hautpoult\" which struck two days later, when more British ships appeared on the horizon. \"Latona\" was converted to a troopship in May 1810 then hulked in 1813. In October that year, she began service as a receiving ship at Leith, then in December, she was recommissioned as a warship and used as the flagship of Admiral Sir William Johnstone Hope. She was sold in 1816. \"Latona\" was a 36-gun frigate designed by the senior surveyor John Williams and ordered on 22 March 1779. Her keel, of was laid down at Limehouse in November 1782 by the shipwright company, Greaves and Purnell. When finished, she was along the gun deck, had a beam of and a depth in the hold of . She was 944 tons burthen and drew between and . The frigate was initially designed to carry a main battery of twenty-eight guns, with a secondary armament of ten guns on the upperworks. On 30 September the armament was increased by the addition of ten 18-pounder carronades, although only eight were fitted, and fourteen swivel guns. Then on 25 April 1780, it was decided to upgrade the six-pound long guns with . In this era it was common for each surveyor to produce independent designs for new ship types, and this design was a counterpoint to Edward Hunt's HMS \"Minerva\"; together the two draughts represent the prototype of the thirty-eight gun, 18-pounder armed frigate. \"Latona\" was launched on 13 March 1781 and taken down the Thames to Deptford where she was fitted-out and coppered between 15 March and 21 April. \"Latona's\" build and first fitting cost the Admiralty £22,470.3.5d. \"Latona\" was commissioned in March 1781, and in the August following, she participated in the Battle of Dogger Bank under the command of Captain Hyde Parker. His father, Vice-Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, 5th Baronet, commanded the fleet at the battle. Great Britain had declared war on the Dutch Republic in December 1780, following the latter's refusal to cease trading with emerging United States. Since then, the British had been blockading the Dutch coast while protecting its own merchant shipping. \"Latona\" was one of the escorts accompanying a convoy of ships from the Baltic on 5 August. At 04:00, a Dutch fleet was seen. Admiral Hyde Parker immediately dispatched his convoy toward the English coast, and ordered a general chase. The Dutch admiral, Johan Zoutman, chose to keep his convoy under his lee. After a bloody battle with casualties high on both sides, the Dutch returned to Texel, whence they came. After November 1781, \"Latona\" was in the English Channel under Lord Hugh Conway, and on 25 April 1782 she captured a privateer, \"Bernardin\". \"Latona\" was part of Richard Howe's fleet in the summer of 1782 and took part in the relief of Gibraltar in September. The supply ships left England on 11 September, escorted by Howe's 34 ships-of-the-line. While rounding Cape St Vincent, on 8 October, \"Latona\" was dispatched to report on the condition of the Franco-Spanish fleet in the bay of Algeciras. It was known that this force of about 48 ships-of-the-line was poised to attack Gibraltar and, even if no attack was forthcoming, would pose a significant obstacle to Howe's relief mission. She returned two days later with news that an attack had already taken place and had been beaten off. The convoy entered the straits, and successfully delivered the vital supplies, food, and ammunition to the besieged, between the 16 and 18 October. The large combined French and Spanish fleet, which had been blown off station, appeared on 19 October but was lured away by Howe's fleet the following day. The faster British ships, never intending to give battle, were easily able to withdraw after a short engagement. \"Latona\" paid off in April 1783 but was recommissioned the following month under Thomas Boston and, in November, she sailed for the Leeward Islands. Command passed successively to Charles Sandys in May 1784 then Lieutenant Velters Cornewall Berkeley in March 1786. The latter held the position until the ship paid off once again, in October. \"Latona\" was laid up for some time before, in November 1788, work began at Woolwich to make her ready for sea once more. £15,978.0.0d was spent on extensive repairs and a refit. She was recommissioned in May 1790 by Albemarle Bertie but by the end of the year, she had been removed from service. Late in 1792, anticipating that it would soon be forced to enter the war in Europe, Britain began military preparations. In December, \"Latona\" was recommissioned under Edward Thornbrough and following a £12,644.0.0d refit, began service in The Channel in January 1793. She captured a French privateer, \"Amerique\", in March and two more in May; \"Franklin\" and \"Ambitieux\" of ten guns apiece. In July 1793, \"Latona\" was attached to Richard Howe's Channel fleet. Howe's 22 ships-of-the-line and accompanying frigates were returning from a cruise in the Bay of Biscay on 18 November, when \"Latona\" signalled the presence of enemy ships in Cancale Bay. They turned out to be a French squadron of six ships-of-the-line, two frigates and two smaller craft out of Brest. Mistaking the British for a convoy they were expecting, the French ships began to sail towards their foe but soon realised their error and fled. Using his frigates to keep the enemy in",
"under Edward Thornbrough and following a £12,644.0.0d refit, began service in The Channel in January 1793. She captured a French privateer, \"Amerique\", in March and two more in May; \"Franklin\" and \"Ambitieux\" of ten guns apiece. In July 1793, \"Latona\" was attached to Richard Howe's Channel fleet. Howe's 22 ships-of-the-line and accompanying frigates were returning from a cruise in the Bay of Biscay on 18 November, when \"Latona\" signalled the presence of enemy ships in Cancale Bay. They turned out to be a French squadron of six ships-of-the-line, two frigates and two smaller craft out of Brest. Mistaking the British for a convoy they were expecting, the French ships began to sail towards their foe but soon realised their error and fled. Using his frigates to keep the enemy in sight, Howe set off in pursuit, but only \"Latona\" got close enough to engage. Coming up on the rearmost ships in the afternoon, she was eventually driven off when two French ships-of-the-line joined the action. In an attempt to catch up, some off the British ships were carrying too much sail; causing their topmasts to break. The chase was therefore abandoned. Although the French squadron was seen again on 19 November, bad weather prevented Howe staying in touch and the French were soon lost from sight. A few days later, on 27 November, \"Latona\" was in a squadron under the command of Captain Thomas Pasley of the 74-gun , which captured the 28-gun privateer, \"Blonde\" off Ushant. Still with the Channel fleet in May 1794, \"Latona\" and her compatriots were waiting for a large grain convoy bound for France from the United States. Howe's fleet arrived off Ushant on 5 May and the frigates \"Latona\" and \"Phaeton\" were tasked with circumnavigating the island and looking in the Brest roads for the French fleet. When they returned to report the French were still in port, Howe set off to try and intercept the convoy before it could gain the protection of the Brest fleet. After almost two weeks spent searching the shipping lanes and finding nothing, the British fleet returned and on 19 May, \"Phaeton\" and \"Latona\" were again dispatched to monitor the roads. After finding the anchorage empty, the two frigates stopped an American vessel and learnt from the crew that the French fleet had sailed three days earlier. On the same day (19 May), the frigate joined Howes' fleet with news that a British squadron, under George Montagu, desperately needed reinforcements. The next day, after \"Latona\" and \"Phaeton\"s return, Howes' fleet set off to rendezvous with Montagu and on the morning of 21 May, encountered a former Dutch convoy, taken by the French two days previous. Howe's ships managed to recapture about half, but unable to spare the men, Howe had his prizes burned. Realising now that the French fleet was nearby and that Montagu was safe, Howe abandoned his previous plan and set off in pursuit. The British found their quarry on 28 May, some west of Ushant, and engaged in a running battle, culminating on 1 June 1794. And, although seven French ships were captured or sunk without the British losing any, the vital grain convoy arrived in France without significant loss. The killed and wounded among the British fleet amounted to 2,048. Casualties from the six French prizes alone were upwards of 1,200 and it is estimated that among the French fleet, 7,000 men were killed, wounded or taken prisoner. \"Latona\" did not lose any of her crew despite being actively involved in the battle when, at 08:45 she came to the assistance of \"Bellerophon\", firing on two French 74s before towing her to safety. There was a change of command and duty for \"Latona\" in September, when under Arthur Legge, she was part of a royal escort for Princess Caroline of Brunswick. Then a few days later, on 3 December, \"Latona\" captured the French brig \"Intrepide\" 40 leagues west-north-west of Lisbon. She was pierced for 18 guns but carried twelve 6-pounders, an 18-pounder carronade, and a brass 12-pounder gun. During the chase she threw all her guns overboard except for the 12-pounder and one 6-pounder, both of which she used as stern chasers, firing, but without effect, until \"Latona\" was almost alongside. She had a crew of 83 men aboard, under the command of M. Jean Candeau. On her cruise she had captured only one vessel, a galliot belonging to Bremen, which had been sailing from Faro to Liverpool with a cargo of fruit. John Bligh assumed command in May 1797 when \"Latona\" served as flagship to Admiral William Waldegrave. At the end of the month, she set sail for Newfoundland, where the Admiral was to serve as the newly-appointed governor. In November Frank Sotheron became \"Latona's\" captain and on 29 November was off Portugal when she captured the French Bordeaux-based privateer schooner \"Aigle\" about 107 leagues North by West from Lisbon. \"Aigle\" had sailed from near Bayonne, on 6 November, but had captured nothing. She was pierced for 14 guns but carried only 12 small carriage guns, and had a crew of 62 men under the command of Francis Harimendy. \"Latona\" returned to England in February 1798 but was brought back to the West Indies in April and remained on that station for much of the remaining year. In December, she was back home once more. Between 8 March 1799 and 12 May, \"Latona\" captured many small Dutch vessels. \"Latona\" operated with a British squadron in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland during August 1799 which resulted in the surrender of a Dutch squadron in the Vlieter roads. A combined fleet under Admiral Lord Duncan, comprising eight ships-of-the-line, three fourth-rates and six frigates, one of which was \"Latona\", arrived off Texel on 22 August. With it, were more than 230 other craft, carrying supplies and 27,000 troops. After failing to persuade the Dutch to hand over their ships, the troops were landed near Helder on the morning of 27 August. After an engagement with a Franco-Dutch force, the city was captured. At the same time, a single British frigate, , entered the Nieuwe Diep and captured the ships there which were laid up in ordinary. Among them were 13 warships carrying a total of 510 guns, and of these, four small frigates and a 44-gun vessel were added to the Royal Navy. Two days later, a British squadron under Vice-Admiral Andrew Mitchell entered the Vlieter roads where a Dutch squadron under Vice-Admiral Samuel Story was anchored. \"Latona\" and two other frigates grounded in the narrow channel, but all managed to get off and join their compatriots in line opposite the Dutch, who accepted an offer to surrender and handed over their ships. \"Latona\" was operating on the Lisbon station towards the end of the year, where she captured two privateers: the 12-gun \"Aigle\" on 29 November, and the 14-gun \"Intrepide\" on 3 December. In 1800, she was re-assigned to the North Sea where in April, off Flamborough, she took the 14-gun privateer \"Virginie\". Following a spell in the Baltic Sea, early in 1801, \"Latona\" was at Deptford in October before joining the Channel Fleet in 1802. This was another short-lived appointment: \"Latona\" returned to the Baltic and was stationed off St Petersburg from August to October. She then sailed back to England and paid off. Having been laid up in ordinary since October 1802, \"Latona\" required substantial repair before returning to service. The work was undertaken at Deptford between April and October 1804; after which she was taken into the Channel, by Thomas L. M. Gosselin, who had taken command in August. \"Latona\" captured the Spanish ketch \" Amphion\", armed with 12 guns and 70 men, at sea on 22 October 1805. In April 1806, \"Latona\" was under Captain James Wood, and in June, she had her carronades upgraded to . She was then sent to Jamaica where, later in the year, she was part of a small squadron sent by James Dacres, to ascertain the willingness of the population of Curaçao to enter into an alliance. \"Latona\" with the razee and the frigate , left Port Royal on 29 November with orders",
"and paid off. Having been laid up in ordinary since October 1802, \"Latona\" required substantial repair before returning to service. The work was undertaken at Deptford between April and October 1804; after which she was taken into the Channel, by Thomas L. M. Gosselin, who had taken command in August. \"Latona\" captured the Spanish ketch \" Amphion\", armed with 12 guns and 70 men, at sea on 22 October 1805. In April 1806, \"Latona\" was under Captain James Wood, and in June, she had her carronades upgraded to . She was then sent to Jamaica where, later in the year, she was part of a small squadron sent by James Dacres, to ascertain the willingness of the population of Curaçao to enter into an alliance. \"Latona\" with the razee and the frigate , left Port Royal on 29 November with orders to enlist the 38-gun , then somewhere at sea. The three vessels, under the command of Charles Brisbane in \"Arethusa\", arrived in Aruba on 22 December, having been held back by unfavourable winds and tides, and were joined the following day by \"Fisgard\". The expedition left on 24 December and arrived off Curaçao on 1 January 1807. The island was heavily defended by a chain of fortifications along the high ground, that also overlooked the harbour. Fort Amsterdam, had 60 guns guarding the entrance, and inside, the guns of a second large fort, Fort Republick, covered the entire anchorage. With such a small force at his disposal, Brisbane thought a peaceful solution unlikely and, in order that he might begin negotiations from a position of strength, sailed his ships straight into the harbour. The \"Arethusa\" led under a flag of truce, which the Dutch ignored, \"Latona\" second, followed by \"Anson\" and \"Fisgard\", the latter grounding after a shift of wind. At 06:15, the British still coming under heavy fire, the flag of truce was taken down and an action started on the ships in the harbour. \"Arethusa\" fired three broadsides into the 36-gun frigate, \"Kenau Hasselar\", before Brisbane led a boarding party. Shortly after, \"Latona\" drew along side and the Dutch ship was taken. In the meantime, men from \"Anson\" boarded and captured the 22-gun \"Suriname\". Two schooners were also seized in the battle. Sailors from all four British frigates went ashore at 07:30, storming Fort Amsterdam, which was successfully overcome in about ten minutes, before taking the town and its citadel. After which, at 09:30, they returned to their ships and, after half an hour, had pounded Fort Republik into submission. By noon, the whole island had capitulated. \"Latona\" lost one man killed and two wounded; in all, the British lost three killed and 14 wounded. The Dutch lost nearly 200 men. On the ships alone, six men were killed, including Commandant Cornelius J. Evertz, who commanded the Dutch naval force in Curaçao and seven wounded, of whom one died later. \"Latona's\" captain, Wood, was knighted for his part in the action, as was Brisbane. The Patriotic Fund gave each of the four captains a gold medal and a gift; Wood received a vase valued at £105.0.0d. Several promotions were given to the lesser officers and in 1849, the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp \"Curacoa 1 Jany. 1807\" to surviving claimants. \"Latona\" was part of the squadron under Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane that captured the Danish islands of St Thomas on 22 December and Santa Cruz on 25 December 1807. The Danes did not resist and the invasion was bloodless. Under the command of Hugh Pigot, \"Latona\" was at the Action of 10 February 1809, where she was involved in the capture of the French 40-gun frigate \"Junon\". On 7 February, \"Junon\" escaped from a British blockade of the Îles des Saintes. She was seen and chased by two small brigs, one of which soon fell behind but the other, of 14-guns, kept her in sight and was joined on the 9th by \"Latona\"; the crew of which had been alerted by the sound of gunfire. The next day, \"Junon\" was still some way ahead of her pursuers when two more British ships, the 38-gun and the 18-gun , appeared and caused her to alter her course. Seeing \"Latona\" steering to cut her off, \"Junon\" turned back towards \"Horatio\", passing her on the opposite tack and exchanging fire. A short engagement followed in which both frigates were greatly damaged but \"Junon\", less so in the sails and rigging, was able to leave \"Horatio\" behind. She was then attacked by \"Superiere\" until \"Latona\" caught up and opened fire. \"Junon's\" main and mizzen mast fell and she struck. In April 1809, a French squadron under Amable Troude, comprising three 74s and two armed-storeships, arrived at the Îles des Saintes. There they were blockaded until 14 April, when a British force under Major-General Frederick Maitland and Captain Philip Beaver in , invaded and captured the islands. \"Latona\" was among the naval vessels that shared in the proceeds of the capture of the islands. The French squadron was obliged to quit its position, after the British established a battery on the mountain overlooking the anchorage. Despite leaving under cover of darkness, Troude's ships were noticed by the 18-gun , which immediately alerted the rest of the blockading force. At 22:00, two hours later, two British vessels, of 74 guns and the 18-gun , came close enough to open fire on \"Hautpoult\", the rearmost French ship. Soon after, joined the attack but none of the shots, all fired from distance, did any damage and the French began to draw away. Only \"Recruit\" stayed in touch, harrying her quarry throughout the night and following day until \"Pompee\" rejoined the action on the evening of the 15th and caused the three French 74s to scatter. \"Pompee\" continued her pursuit of \"Hautpoult\" and was joined by \"Latona\" and the 32-gun the next day. On 17 April, further British ships appeared and at 17:15 \"Hautpoult\" struck. The other two French 74s managed to escape to Cherbourg, having been chased by \"Recruit\" and \"Neptune\" when the squadron dispersed on 15 April. \"Hautpoult\" was taken into the Royal Navy as HMS \"Abercromby\". The French had had 80–90 men killed or wounded during the action, the British had 10 killed and 35 wounded. The majority of the British casualties occurred on \"Pompee\". The two French storeships, \"Furieuse\" and \"Félicité\", left the Îles des Saintes on 15 April, the day after Troude's line-of-battle ships. They made it to Gaudeloupe unmolested but when they left on 14 June, they were pursued by \"Latona\" and the 16-gun sloop, . \"Félicité\" succumbed to \"Latona\" after a four-day chase; \"Furieuse\" managed to out-sail \"Cherub\" but was eventually taken by on 6 July. In May 1810, work began at Woolwich to convert \"Latona\" to a troopship. The alterations took until July, during which time she had her armament reduced to a main battery of fourteen guns, with two on the forecastle, and six carronades on the quarterdeck. She served in this capacity until 1813, first under Charles Sotheby on the Lisbon station, then from April 1812, under Edward Rodney. She was then placed in ordinary at Sheerness. In July 1813, she was briefly recommissioned by Mathew Buckle, and re-established with an armament of sixteen carronades, before being fitted as a receiving ship for service at Leith. In December 1813, \"Latona\" was recommissioned as a warship by Andrew Smith, as the flagship of Admiral Sir William Johnstone Hope; an appointment she held until she was sold in May 1816 for £2,550.0.0d Notes Citations References HMS Latona (1781) HMS \"Latona\" was a 36-gun,"
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"Vaidotas Vaidotas (fl. 1362) was a son of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania. In reliable historical sources he is mentioned only twice: as defender of Kaunas Castle in 1362 and as ruler of Navahrudak. Due to very limited information, his life is subject to wide-ranging theories by historians. According to the chronicles of Wigand of Marburg, he was the commander of the garrison of the newly built Kaunas Castle during the three-week siege in April 1362. After strong resistance the castle was taken over and then destroyed. Vaidotas with 36 men tried to break through, but was taken prisoner. The defeat was one of the largest and important military victories of the Teutonic Knights in the 14th century against Lithuania. In a 1401 document his brother Grand Duke Vytautas wrote that some years before Vaidotas and his brother Tautvilas Kęstutaitis were given to rule Navahrudak equally, but it is unclear when that occurred. Historians proposed 1365 as the most likely date. Because of very limited historical sources, Vaidotas is sometimes confused with Vaidutis (Waydutte), son of Butautas and grandson of Kęstutis. Further confusion is introduced by the Bychowiec Chronicle, an unreliable chronicle from the 16th century, which claims that Vaidotas died in his youth in Lithuania. C. S. Rowell argued that Butautas and Vaidotas were the same person and their names were recorded differently because of different dialects. In his 1999 monograph on the early Gediminids, Polish historian provided the following biography of Vaidotas: he was the eldest son of Kęstutis and Birutė; was captured at Kaunas in 1362, but returned before 1365 and received Navahrudak; converted to Eastern Orthodoxy and was baptized as Ivan; had two sons Jerzy and Konrad; in 1384, during the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84), accompanied Vytautas to the Teutonic Order; in 1389, visited the Order as Vytautas' envoy; died after 1390. Many of these conclusions are based on many conjectures and the assumptions that Ivan accompanying Vytautas is not Ivan Olshansky, that son Jerzy is not , and that son Konrad is not Tautvilas Kęstutaitis. Vaidotas Vaidotas (fl. 1362) was a son of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania. In reliable historical sources he is mentioned only twice: as defender of Kaunas Castle in 1362 and as ruler of Navahrudak. Due to very limited information, his life is subject to wide-ranging theories by historians. According to the chronicles of Wigand of Marburg, he was the commander"
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"retrieved": [
"Brett Eibner Brett William Eibner (born December 2, 1988) is an American professional baseball center fielder in the Texas Rangers organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, and Los Angeles Dodgers. Eibner attended The Woodlands High School in The Woodlands, Texas, and helped them win the 2006 5A state championship as a junior, with teammate Kyle Drabek. As a senior, Eibner was named 15-5A first-team all-district outfielder. Despite being drafted by the Houston Astros in the fourth round of the 2007 Major League Baseball draft, Eibner did not sign and attended the University of Arkansas. As a freshman, Eibner lead the team in RBI and had three game-winning hits. For his efforts, Eibner was named to Baseball America's Freshman All-American team in 2008. The following season, Eibner was named SEC Pitcher of the Week for his complete-game one-hit shutout win against the #1 Georgia Bulldogs. Eibner struggled significantly at the plate, with his average dropping to .231 and striking out 60 times. However, when the 2009 Arkansas Razorbacks baseball team reached the College World Series, Eibner hit \"one of the most memorable home runs in program history\" when he tied an elimination game vs Virginia in the top of the ninth with a two-run home run. Eibner returned for his junior season with the Razorbacks, hitting .333 with 22 home runs. On the mound, Eibner went 3-5 in 58 innings for the Razorbacks in the regular season. In the 2010 Tempe, Arizona Super Regional, Eibner hit a game-tying home run with the Razorbacks down to their final strike, extending the game to extra innings where the Razorbacks lost in the 12th. Following the 2010 season, Eibner became the fourth Razorback to be named both a freshman All-American and All-American, including teammate Zack Cox. He was also a John Olerud Award Semifinalist, Second Team All-SEC, and ABCA/Rawlings First Team All-South Region player. The Kansas City Royals selected Eibner in the second round of the 2010 MLB draft. In 2013, Eibner played for the Northwest Arkansas Naturals of the Class AA Texas League. The Royals added him to their 40-man roster after the 2015 season. The Royals promoted Eibner to the major leagues on May 26, 2016. He made his debut the following night at Kansas City's Kauffman Stadium, going 1-for-3 and scoring a run while striking out twice in the Royals' 7-5 win over the Chicago White Sox. Facing off against the White Sox on May 28, 2016, the Royals were trailing 7-1 in the 9th inning, but Eibner completed the rally with a walk-off single to win it for the Royals 8-7. On July 30, 2016, the Royals traded Eibner to the Oakland Athletics for Billy Burns. Eibner was designated for assignment by the Athletics on January 20, 2017. On January 25, 2017, Eibner was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers, in exchange for Jordan Tarsovich and assigned to the Triple-A Oklahoma City Dodgers to begin the season. The Dodgers called him up to the majors on April 19. After playing in 17 games for the Dodgers, he was returned to the minors where the Dodgers attempted to convert him to a pitcher. However, he injured his elbow and underwent Tommy John surgery, ending his season. Eibner was designated for assignment on September 1, 2017 and released the following day. On December 22, 2017, Eibner signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers. Brett Eibner Brett William Eibner (born December 2, 1988) is an American professional baseball center fielder in the Texas Rangers organization. He has played in Major League"
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"Saddell Castle Saddell Castle is a historic 16th-century castle on the shore of the Kilbrannan Sound near Saddell, Kintyre, Argyll and Bute, Scotland of significant importance. The Castle originally served as a bastion of the MacDonald family for several centuries and continues to be visited by MacDonald diaspora from around the world who return to West Scotland. The tower house was built near the site that housed the remains of the ancient hero Somerled, the progenitor of the MacDonald clan. Several MacDonald Lords have resided at Saddell over the centuries, once giving refuge to Robert the Bruce for more than a year during Scottish War of Independence. Built by David Hamilton, Bishop of Argyll, between 1508 and 1512, the castle was built from the stones of the ruined Saddell Abbey. The castle was gifted to James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran by Bishop James Hamilton, as payment of debts and taxes in 1556. Later, The Earl of Arran was forced to exchange it with the Chief of Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg, James MacDonald in exchange for James's lands on the Isle of Arran. The Castle then became one of several ancestral homes of the MacDonald family in Scotland until it was captured in 1558 by Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord Deputy of Ireland under orders of Queen Mary I of England in retaliation of James MacDonald's involvement in Ireland against the English Crown. Saddell castle was later rebuilt by successive MacDonald lords and it was enlarged together with a trap door in the main entrance passage, which upon activation, sent unwanted visitors into a dungeon which had no exits. In 1607, the Clan Donald lands in Kintyre, including Saddell, were conveyed by King James VI to Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll. The castle fell into disrepair when Saddell House was built c. 1774. The castle was bought and restored by the Landmark Trust, which now rents it out as a self-catering property. It can also be seen in the video for Paul McCartney's hit Mull of Kintyre, with the Campbeltown Pipe Band marching along the beach - a song which became Christmas number one in 1977. Diaspora from Clan Donald (the MacDonald family) continue to make pilgrimages to Saddle Castle every year, in memory of its place in Scottish history. Saddell Castle Saddell Castle is a historic 16th-century castle on the shore of the Kilbrannan Sound near"
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"retrieved": [
"Come Sing with Me Come Sing with Me () is a Chinese variety music show, and it is broadcast on Hunan Television. The host by Wang Han and singer Han Hong associate jointly hosted, which invites specialized renown singers and ordinary people like fans to chorus, every episodes approximately taken about 90 minutes to broadcast. The program first season have 11 episodes was released on 7 May 2016, and second season have 12 episodes was released on 29 April 2017. Mandopop folk singer Fei Yu-ching was associate jointly hosted the final episode of first season, while Han Hong had leave for attending the task on crafts. Come Sing With Me also notable as top 10 popular China TV shows of ranked No. 2 in the first half of year 2016. Party music show were manufactured, director by Wang Qin and their team, which was the main program shows of Super Girl (超级女声), Super Boy (快乐男声) and Tian Sheng Yi Dui (天声一队) executive producer. The music show was exclusively recorded, copyrighted via from KuGou, NetEase Music, and broaden by Mango Television. Every week of episodes there would be 3 renown singers to upload and levying their own video for chorus, audience could participating the chorus on video via from Mango TV and Changba, also could apply via from majority online in the platform to participate by collaboration. In the first season, program organize would from every renown singers of their participators to choose 6 persons arrive at party live, those 6 participators result on video get approval points that was score in front of 3 persons would have the opportunity to attend the live competition and chorus with their idols, renown singers would choose 1 person to deed as their partnership in party for chorus, every week of episodes the party live also would appraise the most reception of Hi sing intelligent persons in grassroot and afford the music rewards to those participators. Starting from the second season, program organize would from 3 renown singers of their participators to choose 100 persons arrive at party live, the stage also prepared and set up an specialist area for them, hundred Hi sing participators conduct as one side of campaign group and could interactive their idols at any time. Simultaneously, for coordinate the group of hundred Hi sing participators arrival, program mode have also conducted a new entirely upgrade, canceled the first season original 6 in 3 competition rules, supersede from hundred persons interactive and afterwards announce 3 persons to enter the first round of chorus following by 3 in 1 of chorus, renown singers from 3 to choose 1 and 1 in 1 partnership chorus, the certain part of competition rules from first season have remained the same, and appraise the most reception of Hi sing intelligent persons in grassroot the part also have been canceled. Every week the party live would set an combination group of 5 to 6 persons, let renown singers to choose an partnership for chorus. Note: The lists named in which indicate the video get approval points that was score in front of 3 persons and would enter the first round in live for chorus, named in which indicate the persons get elected by renown singers to perform singing an partnership and would enter the second round in live for chorus, and the yellow columns which indicate the singers and participators at most reception of Hi sing in grassroots on that weeks. According to the competition rules arrangement, every group of guests, after ending on second round of chorus, audience on live would have 10 seconds for approving points to deserve the performance, every group performance by the most reception of Hi sing intelligent persons in grassroots get how many approval points for decision on that week. However this competition quality was violation in SAPPRFT, regarding the type of music competition program that management have stipulate was belong to, which reported by competitor in first season on episode 5 before, and was enforce postponed for broadcasting until 10:30 p.m. in Beijing time. Hereafter, the program organize have made adjustments to the next show, but wouldn't broadcast the program, while approving points is still remain the same, only some competition quality elemental was removed. Because of this, the program was retrieval until 10:00 p.m. in Beijing time. On 8 July 2017, singer Hu Xia performance the original first song title was \"Those Years\" which broadcasting in episode 11 at the second season. But as the songwriter \"\"Giddens Ko\"\" have involved \"\"Taiwan independence activists\"\" separatism in the past, song was unable passed by censorship, singer Hu Xia and participator fans on first round of 3 in 1 chorus and the VCR chorus version was completely deleted which official had broadcasting, performance song replaced as \"Rush to the Dead Summer\". The song title \"Those Years\", which performance by Hu Xia and 3 Hi sing participators on first round of 3 in 1 chorus that broadcast online at NetEase Music before also speedy deleted. The audience ratings for this Chinese TV music show: Come Sing with Me Come Sing with Me () is a Chinese variety music show, and it is broadcast on Hunan Television. The host by Wang Han and singer Han Hong associate jointly hosted, which invites specialized renown singers and ordinary people like fans to chorus, every episodes approximately taken about 90 minutes to broadcast. The program first"
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"Nazif Hajdarović Nazif Hajdarović (born 22 September 1984 in Bosanska Gradiška) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer who plays as a striker for Borussia Neunkirchen. Hajdarović began his career with TuS Lappentasch Hof before joining SV Reiskirchen in 1995. In summer 2004, he left SV Reiskirchen and signed with 1. FC Saarbrücken, where he made his professional a year later, in a 3–1 defeat against Energie Cottbus in the 2. Bundesliga. He stayed with Saarbrücken through two relegations and the introduction of the new 3. Liga saw them drop to the fifth tier Oberliga Südwest, and helped them to begin their climb up the league, as they were Südwest champions in 2009. He left 1. FC Saarbrücken on 30 June 2009 to join Bayern Munich II, signing a two-year contract. In his first season, he found opportunities limited, due in part to quotas of homegrown players placed on reserve teams – Hajdarovic found himself overlooked in favour of other senior players, such as Christian Saba and Danny Schwarz. Nonetheless, he managed a respectable return of four goals in thirteen appearances. The following season he made 30 appearances, mostly as a substitute, scoring twice, as the team were relegated from the 3. Liga. He signed for Hessen Kassel at the end of the season, but was released by the club in January 2012, at which point he returned to Saarland to sign for Borussia Neunkirchen. Six months later he moved again, to FK Pirmasens, where he spent one season before returning to Neunkirchen. Nazif Hajdarović Nazif Hajdarović (born 22 September 1984 in Bosanska Gradiška) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer who plays as a striker for Borussia Neunkirchen. Hajdarović began his career with TuS Lappentasch Hof before joining SV Reiskirchen in 1995. In summer 2004, he left SV Reiskirchen and signed with 1. FC Saarbrücken,"
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"The Castle of Crossed Destinies The Castle of Crossed Destinies () is a 1973 novel by the Italian writer Italo Calvino. Its narrative details a meeting among travelers who are inexplicably unable to speak after traveling through a forest. The characters in the novel recount their tales via Tarot cards, which are reconstructed by the narrator. The novel is in two parts, each using a different style Tarot deck. The first part was published alone in 1969 as \"Tarocchi: Il mazzo visconteo di Bergamo e New York\" (Tarots: The Visconti Pack in Bergamo and New York). The second part, with the header \"The Tavern of Crossed Destinies\", features the Tarot of Marseilles. The novel is an exploration of how meaning is created, whether that be written via words (by the author, via the book, since the characters in the book cannot speak to each other) or by images (the tarot cards – considered prophetic by some, and themselves open to many symbolic interpretations). It is, as often in Calvino's works, multi-layered, and several levels of interpretations and readings are possible, based on the author–narrator–character–reader relationship. The Castle of Crossed Destinies The Castle of Crossed Destinies () is a 1973 novel"
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"Busey–Evans Residence Halls The Busey–Evans Residence Halls, historically known as the Women's Residence Hall and the West Residence Hall respectively, are historic dormitories at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Busey Hall was built in 1916, while Evans Hall was built in 1926; a connector wing links the two buildings, and they are considered part of the same dormitory complex. James A. White designed Busey Hall, while Charles A. Platt designed Evans Hall; both architects played an important role in designing other buildings on the university's campus, and both chose the Georgian Revival style for their designs to match the campus's architectural theme. The Women's Residence Hall was the first residence hall on the university's campus; the all-female dormitory filled a need for women's housing at the university, which had been privately maintained and in short supply. The hall quickly filled up, and the West Residence Hall was built to provide additional space for female students. In 1937, the buildings were renamed for university trustees Mary E. Busey and Laura B. Evans. The residence halls are still in use as all-female student housing. The residence halls were added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 2003. Busey–Evans"
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"1972 New York Giants season The 1972 New York Giants season was the 48th season for the club in the National Football League. The Giants had an 8–6 record and finished in third place in the National Football Conference East Division, three games behind the Washington Redskins. The Giants had two first-round selections in the 1972 NFL Draft, and chose Eldridge Small and Larry Jacobson with the 17th and 24th overall picks, respectively. Before the season, New York traded their starting quarterback, Fran Tarkenton, to the Minnesota Vikings for a package of players and draft picks that included quarterback Norm Snead, who led the league in pass completion average in 1972. The Giants lost twice to open the season, but went on a four-game winning streak afterwards. In their 11th game, the Giants defeated the Philadelphia Eagles 62–10, setting the franchise record for the most points scored in a game; it was also an Eagles record for the most points allowed. The victory put the team at 7–4 and in contention for a playoff berth. Two losses ended their postseason chances, but New York beat the Dallas Cowboys in the final game of the season to finish with 8 wins in 14 games. Halfback Ron Johnson scored nine touchdowns on running plays to top the NFL, and his 1,182 rushing yards broke the Giants' single-season record. This was the last winning season for the Giants until 1981. 1972 New York Giants season The 1972 New York Giants season was the 48th season for the club in the National Football League. The Giants had an 8–6 record and finished in third place in the National Football Conference East Division, three games behind the Washington Redskins. The Giants had two first-round selections in the 1972 NFL Draft, and chose Eldridge Small and"
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"Eleanor Perenyi Eleanor Perényi (later Perenyi, January 4, 1918 – May 3, 2009) was a gardener and author. She wrote several books including \"Green Thoughts\", a collection of essays based on her own gardening experiences. Eleanor Perenyi was the daughter of U. S. Navy officer, Ellis S. Stone and Grace Zaring Stone, who wrote her anti-Nazi novel \"Escape\" under the pseudonym Ethel Vance in order not to jeopardize the safety of her daughter, who lived at that time in Europe with her Hungarian husband, Baron Zsigmond Perényi. \"Green Thoughts. A Writer in the Garden\" drew on her work on her husband's rural estate in Vynohradiv (at that time Nagyszőlős, Hungary), which she described in her 1946 book \"More Was Lost\". She also wrote the Civil War novel \"The Bright Sword\" (1955) and a study of Franz Liszt. \"Green Thoughts\" was reviewed by Brooke Astor in The New York Times. Perenyi was given an award in literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1982. Eleanor Perenyi Eleanor Perényi (later Perenyi, January 4, 1918 – May 3, 2009) was a gardener and author. She wrote several books including \"Green Thoughts\", a collection of essays based on her own gardening"
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"Felimare kempfi Felimare kempfi is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. This species has previously been placed in the genera \"Chromodoris\" Alder & Hancock, 1855 and \"Mexichromis\" Bertsch, 1977. It was recently transferred to \"Felimare\" by Johnson & Gosliner in 2012. Distribution of \"Felimare kempfi\" includes Florida, Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Brazil, Puerto Rico and Panama. The body is elongate, narrow, with the posterior portion of foot extending slightly beyond the mantle margin. Background color is bright blue with a thick yellow line around the mantle margin. There is a central white line and a series of large black and white spots extend down the dorsum. Rhinophores and gills are blue, branchial leaves are with black rachises. It is up to 20 mm long. Minimum recorded depth is 6 m. Maximum recorded depth is 37 m. This article incorporates Creative Commons (CC-BY-4.0) text from the reference Felimare kempfi Felimare kempfi is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. This species has previously been placed in the genera \"Chromodoris\" Alder & Hancock, 1855 and \"Mexichromis\" Bertsch, 1977. It was recently"
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"Roy Rogers (basketball) Roy Lee Rogers, Jr. (born August 19, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player who currently works as an assistant coach for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for Alabama. Rogers, a 6' 9\" power forward from the University of Alabama, was selected with the 22nd overall pick in the 1996 NBA Draft by the Vancouver Grizzlies. He was traded to the Boston Celtics one season later, along with Tony Massenburg, for a second-round draft pick. Just before the 1998 All-Star break, he was traded to the Toronto Raptors, with Dee Brown, Chauncey Billups, and John Thomas in a deal that sent Zan Tabak, Kenny Anderson, and Popeye Jones. He was then traded to the Houston Rockets, along with two first round draft picks in exchange for Kevin Willis. He was later sent to the Chicago Bulls, along with a 1999 second-round pick, in a deal for Scottie Pippen, but was waived by them after appearing in one game. He appeared in 137 NBA games between 1996 and 2000, averaging 4.8 points per game. He last played professionally in 2003 in Poland. Rogers served as an assistant coach for the Tulsa 66ers and Austin Toros of the NBA Development League, and was head coach of the Huntsville Flight (now rebranded as the Albuquerque Thunderbirds) in 2005. He also worked as an assistant coach of the New Jersey Nets of the NBA. On August 3, 2010, he became a scout for the Nets. Shortly after, he left for the Boston Celtics. In 2013, he joined Jason Kidd's coaching staff on the Brooklyn Nets. The next season, he joined the Washington Wizards coaching staff. On June 1, 2016, Rogers became an assistant coach for the Houston Rockets. Roy Rogers (basketball) Roy"
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"Rhyndarra Rhyndarra is a heritage-listed residence located at 23 Riverview Place, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The architect was Andrea Stombuco. It was built from 1888 to 1938. It is also known as No. 2 Women's Hospital, Australian Military Forces 1st Military Hospital, National Service Training Hospital, No. 1 Camp Hospital, and Yeronga Girls' Industrial School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005. This substantial, two-storeyed brick residence and stable was built in 1889 for Brisbane businessman William Williams, as his semi-rural suburban residence. Between 1897 and 1942 it functioned as a Salvation Army Girls' Industrial School, and from 1942 until the late 1990s as a military hospital. In the late 1880s Williams acquired approximately 140 acres of land along the riverfront at Yeronga. The area at this time comprised a mixture of large farming estates and smaller residential subdivisions and was developing as a middle-class suburb following the opening of the Yeronga railway station in 1885. It was built in 1889 for William Williams, manager of the Australasian Steam Navigation Company prior to the merger that created the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company. It was designed in 1888 by the Italian architect Andrea Stombuco, and features a two storey bay window front, gabled roof and decorative cast iron verandah trim. Constructed of stone and brick, it included a cellar, separate service quarters, kitchen, dairy, coach house and stables. Built on a rise facing south west, it has extensive views of the Canoe Reach of the Brisbane River, so named because it is near Oxley Creek, which was originally called Canoe Creek following stranded timber-getter Thomas Pamphlett finding an aboriginal bark canoe there in 1823, enabling him and his two companions to eventually return to civilisation. Andrea Stombuco, in practice with his son Giovanni, was an Italian who had arrived in Brisbane in the 1870s after working for a period in the southern colonies. He designed many churches and ecclesiastical buildings for the Catholic Church in Queensland and was completing the opulent Her Majesty's Theatre in Queen Street when Rhyndarra was commissioned. He was noted for his residential work, which included Palma Rosa at Hamilton, an elaborate three-storeyed sandstone residence erected in 1886-1887. Rhyndarra was amongst Stombuco's last Brisbane works before moving to Western Australia in 1891. Rhyndarra was constructed in 1888-1889 at a cost of £3,200. The buildings were erected by contractor R Smith and the lavish interior decoration to the main house was carried out by Lang & Co. The decorative finishes included cedar joinery, marble fireplace surrounds and ornate plaster ceilings and cornices. Rhyndarra was typical of the large houses built by Brisbane's more prosperous citizens in the late 19th century. The house was raised off the ground on a stone base forming cellars and storerooms, with the ground floor containing dining and drawing rooms with bedrooms on the first floor. A pantry, kitchen and scullery were located at the rear of the house at ground level, with maids' rooms and a bathroom above. Williams appears to have over-extended financially in his 1880s land dealings. During the depression of the 1890s Williams was forced to relinquish the heavily-mortgaged Rhyndarra to the Australian Mutual Provident Society (AMP) who became mortgagee-in-possession. Williams moved to Western Australia where he lived with a married daughter until his death in the early 20th century. The house and land were unoccupied for a period after Williams' departure until leased by the Salvation Army and opened as a home for orphaned and endangered girls (the Yeronga Girls' Industrial School) in 1897. In 1905 Williams was declared insolvent and the AMP Society become the owner of the property. The AMP Society organised the sale of the Rhyndarra estate at which time the property was subdivided into 13 residential lots, each having a street and river frontage. Rhyndarra, on a reduced site of approximately 12 acres, was transferred to William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army, in 1907.Booth had established the Salvation Army in England in the mid 1860s as a church with a strong social conscience, campaigning against poverty and the sins of alcoholism and other moral failings. A large part of the work of the church was in establishing homes for people who were destitute, aged, unmarried mothers, orphans and others in need or in peril.The Girls' Industrial School at Yeronga was one of a number of similar institutions conducted by the Salvation Army in Queensland at this time, including maternity hospitals, receiving some financial assistance from the government for the orphanages. These institutions were periodically visited by public servants who monitored the welfare of the children. The girls who lived at Rhyndarra were trained for domestic service and situations were found for them when they were old enough to leave the orphanage. In 1910 the matron noted that \"each girl is taught housework in all its branches, gradually passing through the different stages from dormitories to dining room, laundry to kitchen and pantry.\" The house was adapted to accommodate the number of girls resident in the institution. The folding doors dividing the drawing and dining rooms were removed to form the main dormitory and the sitting room was used as a dining room. Upstairs rooms were used to accommodate the girls and the staff, including a matron, cooks and a teacher. The stable was converted for use a schoolroom, where the younger girls were taught basic lessons. The older girls helped look after the younger girls and could attend state schools in surrounding suburbs or were employed in the workroom where they learnt needlework and other tasks, or helped milk the cows. The home aimed at self-sufficiency, with a kitchen garden and flower garden, pigs, chickens, cows and horses. Numbers at the orphanage fluctuated with changing circumstances and the institution accommodated girls who were orphaned, whose parents were destitute and could not care for them, who had run away or were difficult. In 1899 there were about 30 girls at the home, ranging from 6 to 16 years of age. In the early 1900s there were only 18 girls resident, but by the 1930s and the economic depression of that period the population increased to between 60 to 70 girls, ranging from babies to teenagers. The greatest change to the physical fabric of Rhyndarra during the Salvation Army's occupation was the construction of a two-storeyed timber and masonry extension at the rear of the house. This extension housed a recreation hall on the first floor, with bathrooms and toilets at ground level. It was constructed by the Salvation Army in 1938 with government funding. The Salvation Army operated the Girls' Industrial School at Rhyndarra until the Australian Army requisitioned the property in 1942 and the girls were transferred to other institutions outside Brisbane. Australia had joined Britain in a declaration of war after Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. In 1942 Rhyndarra was occupied by the Australian Army for training purposes for the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) and as a staging area for members en route to places further north and west. The Australian Army established a military hospital for Australian servicewomen in the grounds of the property, with Rhyndarra becoming the Officers' mess and quarters. The hospital provided training for the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS). When war was declared in 1939, there were no Army hospitals in Australia. In the next few years a range of hospitals was built in Australia and overseas, with a total of more than 100 wartime military hospitals operating in Australia. Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS) were located close to the action, both overseas and in Australia, and were little more than",
"was occupied by the Australian Army for training purposes for the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) and as a staging area for members en route to places further north and west. The Australian Army established a military hospital for Australian servicewomen in the grounds of the property, with Rhyndarra becoming the Officers' mess and quarters. The hospital provided training for the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS). When war was declared in 1939, there were no Army hospitals in Australia. In the next few years a range of hospitals was built in Australia and overseas, with a total of more than 100 wartime military hospitals operating in Australia. Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS) were located close to the action, both overseas and in Australia, and were little more than tent hospitals set up in the field where casualties were treated and sent onwards for further care. General hospitals were similar to these, although larger and slightly more advanced. Some general hospitals were established overseas in the field. These hospitals returned to Australia (as discrete medical units) with their divisions and were re-established mostly away from the major population centres. Women's hospitals were of a similar type to general hospitals and of this type 26 were built. Of these, it is thought that part of the hospital at Bonegilla in Victoria, is the only one to survive. Other hospitals included camp hospitals and base hospitals. Like women's hospitals, these were constructed in the capital cities and in areas of great troop concentrations, and were more likely permanent structures of timber, fibrous cement sheet and/or corrugated iron, or were established in existing buildings such as houses, which the Army took over as a matter of national importance. In 1943-1944 the Commonwealth Department of Public Works, at the request of the Allied Works Council (AWC), constructed the Australian Women's Hospital at Yeronga. The construction period for the hospital was estimated at four months and it had been completed by June 1944. The new facility provided accommodation for 160 female patients. It comprised fibrous cement and weatherboard wards with kitchens, operating theatre and admission building, all linked by covered ways. Ancillary buildings included pathological, laboratories, canteen and administration units. The hospital was erected to the northeast of Rhyndarra house and a group of small huts were erected along the northeastern boundary of the site as sleeping quarters for the AAMWS. The nurses had their own sleeping quarters to the southwest of Rhyndarra, with the house used for administration offices, officer's mess, and for recreation. Some minor alterations were made to the house, including removing some of the alterations made by the Salvation Army. The stable was used as the quartermaster's store. This establishment at Yeronga was known as 2 Women's Hospital (2WH). As a distinct medical unit 2WH had been situated at Redbank, in association with the 2/4 Australian General Hospital (AGH), but it moved completely to the purpose built complex at Yeronga by 1943. Only three specialist women's hospitals were established in Australia during the Second World War, the others being 1 Women's Hospital at Claremont in Western Australia and 3 Women's Hospital located in the grounds of the base hospital at Concord 113 General Hospital, Sydney. Many women were required to assist the war effort, particularly during 1942 and 1943 when all able-bodied men were required to work in more forward areas. Special services were created to facilitate this, the largest of these being the AWAS (Australian Women's Army Service), formed in mid-1941 in order to release men from some military duties so that they could be employed with fighting units. Recruiting began in early 1942 and by 1944 there were more than 20,000 AWAS members. The Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) had grown out of the VADs (Voluntary Aid Detachments), volunteer women who assisted full-time nurses. With the declaration of war in 1939, approval was given for VADs to work in camp hospitals in Australia. As volunteers, these women worked without pay, but they performed essential work for the war effort. VADs were enrolled full time and in 1941 were brought under the jurisdiction of the Army with the rank of private. Later in 1941 VADs were posted to military hospitals overseas, in groups of about 200. Recruitment was not a problem, but the large numbers of volunteers coming forward placed strains on those in charge. VADs were still under the administration of civilians and to distinguish between those working in civilian operations and those under the Army's jurisdiction were reclassified as the AAMWS. The AAMWS performed basic medical procedures and provided a back-up facility to the trained nurses of the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) in military hospitals. In total there were more than 8,500 members of the AAMWS. Some members of the AAMWS who trained and worked at the Yeronga hospital were then sent overseas to the various medical units which served in New Guinea, Rabaul and other places in the front line serving at general hospitals. Others filled roles in army base hospitals in Australia such as Concord Hospital in Sydney and Heidelberg Hospital in Melbourne. The 2 Women's Hospital at Yeronga was one of many similar establishments constructed around Brisbane during World War II for service personnel. Apart from the base hospital at Greenslopes (112 AGH) (now Greenslopes Private Hospital), numerous camp hospitals were established, as well as army camps, barracks and bases. Many of the camps and hospitals established in Brisbane were abandoned and disposed of by the Army after the war. The 2 Women's Hospital was retained and the Australian Government purchased the property in 1946. After the war, those women who had participated in the services and in paid employment were asked to resume their pre-war lives. The AAMWS and other women's service organisations were demobilised, a process which took many months. It appears that 2 Women's Hospital at Yeronga was used immediately after the war for recuperating servicewomen and for medical check-ups before the women were demobbed. In the administrative carving up of Australian Government's wartime property after 1945, the Rhyndarra site was allocated to the Department of Social Services. The DSS wanted to establish a centre for civilian rehabilitation on the site. However due to the acute housing shortage after the war, the site was briefly allocated to the Queensland Housing Commission from the late 1940s to early 1950s as temporary accommodation for homeless people. Some alterations were made to the wards and other buildings, including Rhyndarra, for this purpose. During the Cold War of the early 1950s, the Australian Government introduced national service. After the 1951 federal elections young men over the age of 18 had to register and serve in the Army, Navy or Air Force for a period of 5-6 months. In light of this recruiting activity, the Army was concerned about its facilities. The accommodation of recruits was provided at personnel depots in capital cities. The existing personnel depot at Indooroopilly was inadequate and Army officials believed that the former women's hospital at Yeronga would satisfactorily handle the recruits. The DSS agreed to the Army's reoccupation of the site and by the early 1950s the northern section of the former women's hospital became known as Northern Command Personnel Depot (NCPD). The southern part became a hospital for national service recruits and trainees. Known as the National Service Training Hospital in 1951, it was referred to as 1 Camp Hospital by the 1960s, after the NCPD has moved elsewhere in the late 1950s. More recently the hospital expanded as 1 Military Hospital Yeronga, providing minor medical facilities for injured soldiers or those who had become sick during training.",
"depots in capital cities. The existing personnel depot at Indooroopilly was inadequate and Army officials believed that the former women's hospital at Yeronga would satisfactorily handle the recruits. The DSS agreed to the Army's reoccupation of the site and by the early 1950s the northern section of the former women's hospital became known as Northern Command Personnel Depot (NCPD). The southern part became a hospital for national service recruits and trainees. Known as the National Service Training Hospital in 1951, it was referred to as 1 Camp Hospital by the 1960s, after the NCPD has moved elsewhere in the late 1950s. More recently the hospital expanded as 1 Military Hospital Yeronga, providing minor medical facilities for injured soldiers or those who had become sick during training. This necessitated the construction of a number of additional buildings, mostly accommodation and storage, and a pool and tennis court. Some of the buildings constructed during the Second World War had been demolished due to later construction works. By the mid 1990s, the main hospital buildings such as the wards and the operating theatres were still extant, but had been adapted and altered several times. The admissions building and covered walkways remained, along with various other structures around the site. The AAMWS huts had been replaced by married quarters, the messes were demolished and replaced with new facilities, and the isolation and VD wards had been removed. Rhyndarra and the stables had been used continuously, with officers being accommodated in the main house since the early 1950s. The 1 Military Hospital functioned together with the repatriation hospital at Greenslopes and facilities at Enoggera and treated its last patients mid-1996. A new hospital, constructed at Gallipoli Army Barracks, Enoggera, was commissioned in September 1996 and the former 1 Military Hospital was vacated. Subsequently the hospital buildings were demolished, leaving only the house Rhyndarra, stable and significant trees, prior to the property being subdivided into approximately 30 residential allotments. Rhyndarra was extensively refurbished, albeit on a greatly reduced block, and is now a family residence. The former stables is located on a separate allotment and became part of a new house, with the hay bale hoist beam on the upper floor still readily identifiable. Part of the riverfront of the original property is now a reserve for park purposes, under the trusteeship of the Brisbane City Council. Rhyndarra comprises a two-storeyed rendered brick residence overlooking the Brisbane River towards Long Pocket to the south, a stables to the northwest of the house, and part of the park reserve to the south and southwest of the house, which was formerly part of the grounds. The house and stables are visible from the approach along Riverview Place. The house rests on a raised square-snecked stone base. It has a hipped corrugated iron roof with projecting gable above a hipped bay to the southeast. Double height verandahs almost encircle the building, being broken by a projecting two-storeyed bay on the southern corner. The verandahs have cast iron columns and balustrade, with cast iron brackets and valance to the first floor and a timber lattice valance to the ground floor. The rear first floor verandah has been partially enclosed with fibrous cement and glass louvre panels. Walls are scribed to represent ashlar, the projecting bay has sash windows framed by rendered pilasters supporting a deep cornice and the gable above has a scalloped bargeboard. The building is entered via a flight of steps adjacent to the projecting bay with rendered balustrades supporting large urns. The main entry has paired, panelled cedar doors with sidelights and fanlight, with a bay window to the verandah adjacent. French doors with fanlights and tall sash windows open onto the verandahs. The building has a two-storeyed masonry service wing to the northwest, with a lower two-storeyed addition (1938). This addition has a masonry ground floor, chamferboard first floor and gable roof. A narrow timber stair accesses the first floor verandah from the rear re-entrant corner. Internally, the ground floor contains a wide entrance hall, with a cedar staircase with turned balustrade and a tall arched sash window. The building has plastered walls, ornate plaster ceilings and cornices, cedar panelled doors, architraves and skirtings and a variety of marble fireplace surrounds. The northeast rooms on the ground floor are connected by a wide opening that originally housed folding cedar doors. The rear wing accommodates a kitchen, bathrooms and service rooms. The grounds immediately surrounding the house contain remnant plantings from the various gardens that have existed. These include a large Jacaranda to the southeast, Lilly Pilly to the west and a small garden to the north which contains a Crows Ash, Frangipani and Silky Oak. The area of the property fronting the Brisbane River contains a number of large Eucalyptus spp. The original Rhyndarra stable is located to the northwest of the house, separated from it by Heritage Close. This brick structure has a steeply pitched corrugated iron roof with a lean-to addition at the northeast end. The building has been adaptively reused as a private residence, with sleeping areas to the loft level and living and bedroom areas to the ground level. Roof-lights have been added, and an internal staircase constructed. A single-storeyed addition has been constructed to the south comprising living, kitchen and bathroom areas. The adaptive reuse has retained a strong visual connection between the stable and the villa. Ryndarra was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. Constructed in 1888-89 Rhyndarra, comprising house, stables and surviving grounds, is important for the evidence it provides of the way of life of Brisbane's more prosperous citizens in the late 19th century. As a large semi-rural estate, it was closely associated with the development of Yeronga as a middle-class suburb following the opening of the Yeronga Railway Station in 1885, yet occupied a middle ground between farm and suburban residence. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. Rhyndarra is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class of cultural places: large, late 19th century villa residences set in substantial grounds. These characteristics include: the form (two-storeyed); materials (brick on stone foundations); planning of both the main residence (public rooms downstairs, bedrooms on the upper floor, attached service wing) and the grounds (siting of the house overlooking the river, relationship of the house to auxiliary buildings such as the stables, and garden plantings) and decorative detailing and finishes (including ornate plaster ceilings and cornices, cedar panelled doors, architraves and skirtings and a variety of marble fireplace surrounds). It is a fine example of the work of Brisbane architect Andrea Stombuco. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Through its form, scale and siting as a riverside residence and together with its remnant plantings, Rhyndarra is of considerable aesthetic significance and the detailing of its materials and finishes reflects a fine quality of workmanship. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. Rhyndarra has a special association with the work of the Salvation Army in housing and protecting orphans and other disadvantaged people in the early 20th century, particularly its concern for orphaned or homeless girls. The rear wing, added by the Salvation Army, has special value as it illustrates the",
"the work of Brisbane architect Andrea Stombuco. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Through its form, scale and siting as a riverside residence and together with its remnant plantings, Rhyndarra is of considerable aesthetic significance and the detailing of its materials and finishes reflects a fine quality of workmanship. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. Rhyndarra has a special association with the work of the Salvation Army in housing and protecting orphans and other disadvantaged people in the early 20th century, particularly its concern for orphaned or homeless girls. The rear wing, added by the Salvation Army, has special value as it illustrates the adaptation of the building for use as a girls' home. Rhyndarra is also important for its strong association with the Australian Army as part of the military hospital established in the grounds of Rhyndarra in 1943/44. Rhyndarra Rhyndarra is a heritage-listed residence located at 23 Riverview Place, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The architect was Andrea Stombuco. It was built from 1888 to 1938. It is also"
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"Muhi Al-Din Lari Muḥyi ’l-Dīn Lārī (died 1521 or 1526-7) was a 16th century miniaturist and writer, best known for his \"Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn\", a guidebook to the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Little is known about Lari's early life and career. He is thought to be of either Persian or Indian origin. \"Lari\" might suggest he was from Lar, a town south-east of Shiraz. He was a student of D̲j̲alāl al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Dawānī, a noted Persian scholar who wrote the first treatise on the poet Hafez's works, and who is known to have visited Lar. Lari's \"Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn\" (\"Revelations of the Two Holy Sanctuaries\"), written in Persian, is dedicated to Muzaffar al-Din ibn Mahmud Shah, who ruled Gujarat from 1511 to 1526. It is a guidebook for the Haj pilgrimage. The manuscript comprises 45 leaves with writing in two columns of \"naskh\" script and eighteen illuminated (but stylised, rather than accurate) illustrations, including holy sites in Medina, scenes between Medina and Mecca, and the various stages of the Hajj in Mecca. The illuminations are with ink, opaque watercolour and gold on paper. It contains a detailed depictions of the Kaaba, indicating the areas assigned for the worship of the various sects of Islam, the named entrance doors to the sanctum, minarets, and two rows of colonnades. While traditionally pilgrim manuals desisted from human depictions, preferring to illustrate landscapes and holy sites only, Lari's miniatures are an exception, with rendered people appearing in some of them. Lari's mystical verse, meanwhile, describes the ceremonies of the Hajj and their essence. Lari's attention to architectural detail, use of the colour palette and expert draughtsmanship have been lauded. Indeed, his painting of Mecca's Sacred Mosque became a widely reproduced image for several centuries. His miniatures showing Mount Arafat as well as \"mahmals\" were re-crafted into Haj certificates that were in use even in the 18th century. At least twelve manuscripts have survived to date. All of them contain illustrations of the various stages of the Hajj, with each station labelled. Several of the manuscripts are known from their colophons to have been produced in Mecca. Pages from some copies have appeared at various auctions. The earliest copy now extant is a copy made in Mecca in 1544; it now resides in the British Library. Lari's original document has been copied and re-illustrated over the centuries, and editions have been found in Turkey, Persia and India. The later versions often have misspellings and inconsistencies, either because the scribe was unskilled or because Lari's ornate language was difficult. Inspired by his teacher's example, Lari wrote a commentary on ibn al-Fārid's \"Kasida\", called \"al-Taiyya al-kubra\". In this, he attempted to show the coherence between orthodox Islamic mysticism and Aristotelian thought. Lari is thought to have died either in 1521 or 1526-7. Muhi Al-Din Lari Muḥyi ’l-Dīn Lārī (died 1521 or 1526-7) was a 16th century miniaturist and writer, best known for his \"Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn\", a guidebook to the Islamic holy cities of"
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"Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena 'Maa...Tomay Chara Ghum Asena' , also called Maa (Mother) was a Bengali television serial telecast by Star Jalsha. It was produced by Shree Venkatesh Films and starred Tithi Bose and Sreetama Bhattacharya in lead roles. The show was produced by Shree Venkatesh Films. For 4 years it had the greatest TRP in Bengali television. The serial ended with a large \"dhamaka\" episode on August 3, 2014. The episode featured stars of other serials as well as film personalities like Koel Mallick and Raj Chakraborty. The show has been remade in Hindi as Meri Maa which used to air on Life Ok which ran for 4 months from December 2011 ended with 100 episodes. The show was also remade into Malayalam as Amma which was aired in Asianet .This serial ran 4 years from 2011-2015 completed 1008 episodes.It had high TRP ratings in the initial 2 years. This show ran in dubbed Tamil as Amma airing in STAR Vijay but now it has been stopped The soap won many awards at the Tele Cine Awards, Star Jalsha awards and the Tele Samman Awards.Some of them are: Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena 'Maa...Tomay Chara Ghum Asena' , also called"
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"Compsolechia niobella Compsolechia niobella is a moth of the Gelechiidae family. It was described by Cajetan Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Amazonas, Brazil. The wingspan is about . The forewings are grey with an oblique streak of brown suffusion from the dorsum towards the base reaching two-thirds across the wing. The discal and dorsal areas are suffused brownish from one-third to near the termen, a suffused dark brown streak from the disc at one-third to the termen beneath the apex, below this a paler area posteriorly, brown streaks on veins 8-11 except towards the costa. The hindwings are dark grey, paler towards the base. Compsolechia niobella Compsolechia niobella is a moth of the Gelechiidae family. It was described by Cajetan Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Amazonas, Brazil. The wingspan is about . The forewings are grey with an oblique streak of brown suffusion from the dorsum towards the base reaching two-thirds across the wing. The discal and dorsal areas are suffused brownish from one-third to near the termen, a suffused dark brown streak from the disc at one-third to the termen beneath the apex,"
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"retrieved": [
"Dan Greaves (athlete) Daniel Greaves (born 4 October 1982) is a British athlete who specialises in the discus throw. Greaves was born in Anstey, Leicestershire in 1982. Greaves won the gold medal in the F44/46 category discus throw at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, establishing a new world record with a throw of 55.12m. He had previously won silver at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney. Despite being born with a deformity of the feet, Greaves was selected to join the British able-bodied team in a competition against the United States in 2001. Greaves competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, winning a bronze medal in the F44 discus throw. He broke the world record again at the pre-IPC World Athletics Championships in New Zealand in January 2011, throwing 59.98m on his fourth throw. Dan Greaves (athlete) Daniel Greaves (born 4 October 1982) is a British athlete who specialises in the discus throw. Greaves was born in Anstey, Leicestershire in 1982. Greaves won the gold medal in the F44/46 category discus throw at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, establishing a new world record with a throw of 55.12m. He had previously won silver at the 2000 Summer"
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"1.1.1-Propellane [1.1.1]Propellane is an organic compound, the simplest member of the propellane family. It is a hydrocarbon with formula CH or C(CH). The molecular structure consists of three rings of three carbon atoms each, sharing one C–C bond. [1.1.1]Propellane is a highly strained molecule. The bonds of the two central carbon atoms have an inverted tetrahedral geometry, and the length of the central bond is 160 pm. The strength of that bond is disputed; estimates vary from 59–65 kcal/mol to no strength at all. The energy of the biradical state (with no central bond at all) is calculated to be 80 kcal/mol higher. The compound is highly unstable, and at 114 °C it will spontaneously isomerize to 3-methylidenecyclobutene with a half-life of 5 minutes. Its strain energy is estimated to be 102 kcal/mol (427 kJ/mol). Surprisingly, [1.1.1]propellane is persistent at room temperature and is somewhat less susceptible to thermal decomposition than the less strained (90 kcal/mol) [2.2.2]propellane system, which has an estimated half-life of only about 1 h at 25 °C. The type of bonding in this molecule has been explained in terms of charge-shift bonding. [1.1.1]Propellane was first synthesized by K. Wiberg and F. Walker in 1982, according to the following scheme: Synthesis begins with conversion of the 1,3-di-carboxylic acid of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane 1 in a Hunsdiecker reaction to the corresponding dibromide 2 followed by a coupling reaction with \"n\"-butyllithium. The final product 3 was isolated by column chromatography at −30 °C. However, a much simplified synthesis was published by Szeimies. It starts with dibromocarbene addition to the alkene bond of 3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)propene 6 followed by deprotonation by methyllithium and nucleophilic displacements in 7 not isolated but kept in solution at −196 °C. [1.1.1]Propellane spontaneously reacts with acetic acid to yield a methylidenecyclobutane ester (4 above). [1.1.1]Propellane undergoes a polymerization reaction where the central C–C bond is split and connected to adjacent monomer units, resulting the so-called staffanes. A radical polymerization initiated by methyl formate and benzoyl peroxide results in a distribution of oligomers. An anionic addition polymerization with \"n\"-butyllithium results in a fully polymerized product. X-ray diffraction of the polymer shows that the connecting C–C bonds have bond lengths of only 148 pm. The compound 1,3-dehydroadamantane, which can be viewed as a bridged [1.3.3]propellane, also polymerizes in a similar way. 1.1.1-Propellane [1.1.1]Propellane is an organic compound, the simplest member of the propellane family. It is a hydrocarbon with formula CH"
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"retrieved": [
"Christian Lasegue Christian Lasegue is an international recording and performing artist. He was formerly with the critically acclaimed music group Jag Panzer until his departure in 2011. Additionally, he is an educator/researcher/psychologist in the Denver area, where his interest is focused on the neuropsychology of human learning and optimal performance. Christian Lasegue joined Jag Panzer prior to recording Chain of Command; following the release of that album, he left the band in order to pursue other musical and educational goals. Rejoining the band in 2008, he recorded the critically acclaimed album The Scourge of the Light in 2010, which placed at No. 117 on the Billboard New Artist Chart, making the album Jag Panzer's most successful to date. . Lasegue left Jag Panzer in 2011. Christian has been featured on several other albums, including \"Shredding Across the World, Volume Three\", Leviathan's \"Beholden to Nothing, Braver Since Then\", and Sylencer's \"A Lethal Dose of Truth\" (in which he recorded the track \"Rise and Die\", alongside Dream Theater's Jordan Rudess). Lasegue has performed/recorded with classic rock artists such as Kenny Loggins, members of Steppenwolf, Frank Zappa, Loggins and Messina, Spencer Davis, Chris Hillman, Herman's Hermits, Warren Zevon, Axe, and Badfinger. Christian Lasegue"
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"Atlanta Sociological Laboratory The Atlanta Sociological Laboratory is a department of Atlanta University in Atlanta, Georgia. In July 1895, President Horace Bumstead of Atlanta University proposed a plan to the board of trustees to conduct yearly studies on the transition of Negroes from their time in slavery to their transition into freedom. The findings and research was to be presented at conferences that were to be held yearly entitled Atlanta Conferences. Bradford's and Bumstead's original plan was to hold conferences and present general social problems faced by African-Americans in major cities (Wright 2002). Bradford and Bumstead got the idea to hold conferences from other institutions such as Hampton University and Tuskegee University (Wright, 2002). According to president Bumstead,“We are simply to study human life under certain conditions- conditions which, if repeated with any other race, would have practically the same result”. He considered that the employments of city Negroes are different from those of their rural brethren, agriculture being replaced by trade, or the various form of personal service, and to some extent by mercantile and professional pursuits. Their social life is also different”. Another reason Bumstead wanted to study Negroes was because he thought that their problems and living conditions received little attention (Chase, 1896 pg. 5). He wanted to know how Negroes were able to establish themselves in cities on their own and thought it was good that graduates were a part of that. Once the proposal was approved it was decided that the first study was the \"Mortality among Negroes in Cities\". Bumstead and trustee George Bradford were in charge of the studies. During this study Bumstead and Bradford wanted to study not just the African Americans but the country as a whole including Whites. His findings indicated that there was an alarming increase in the death of the Negro population of cities and large towns from problems of drunkenness, ignorance, poverty, and neglect. The second study conducted was the \"Social and Physical Condition of Negroes\". It was intended to find out how and why the mortality rates of Negroes were so high. Statistical research was found and the study was executed by three colored graduate students. The findings indicate that conditions of Negroes needed to improve in order for the Negroes to have a stable life. In 1896, William Edward Burghardt DuBois, was offered a position to teach history and political science at Atlanta University. DuBois had intentions when he accepted the position at Atlanta University; for example, he wanted to expand the boundaries of sociological analysis, document the Negroes, and assist in training fellow black intellectual elites at Atlanta University. It was important to DuBois that blacks becomes elites and help their communities because it was better for the advancement of the race if Negroes were educated. W.E.B DuBois accepted the position and started in 1897. DuBois was considered for the position because of his own independent studies of Negroes in the US. Before he arrived, two studies were already conducted under the direction of Bumstead and Bradford. DuBois thought that the way in which the studies were conducted had room to improve. DuBois officially arrived in 1897 and immediately wanted to take charge of the studies of Negroes as well. He wanted to take charge of the studies because he felt that they were not gathering and using the data correctly. He indicated that, “as a scientific accomplish the first conference was not important. Soon after taking charge, he developed a new plan and indicated, “When I took charge of the Atlanta Conference, I did not pause to consider how far my developed plans agreed or disagreed with the ideas of the already launched project\". It made an essential difference, since only one conference been held and the second planned. DuBois' original plan for the Atlanta Conferences was to present a single African-American issue each year and not combine general findings yearly. DuBois planned to create a program that lasted for 100 (look at to get specifics on how he planned studies) years worth of studies in 10-year increments. DuBois began conducting studies and presented them yearly at the Atlanta Conferences. DuBois believe that social problems among Negroes would be better understood by approaching the studies inductively. Methods in which were used to collect the data was the systematic method triangulation (social science). Methodical triangulation (social science) was the method executed to create more precise social facts by using multiple forms and sources of data. DuBois, students and colleagues used participant observation, surveyed individuals, historical research, and census data to get more accurate results. The Atlanta Sociological Laboratory was the first university department to exercise method and theory triangulation, and the first to use insider researchers (Wright 2010). As time went on, DuBois made sure he increased the awareness of the conditions in which Negroes endured. He also noticedng that his findings of Negro studies was starting to impact the nation in a positive way. According to DuBois, “. . . the kindergarten system of the city of Atlanta, white as well as black; the Negro Business League, and various projects to better health and combat crime” were all inspired by DuBois’s work. DuBois continued to work with the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory for 13 years and resigned in 1910, but remained a director of Atlanta Conference publication until 1914. After DuBois left Atlanta University, he was still a very active participant in the Atlanta conferences until the final publication in 1917. 1924 was the last year of the Atlanta Conferences. DuBois reasons for resigning included lack of advertising on his behalf, “Either I myself or someone for me should have called public attention to what had been done or otherwise it would quickly forgotten. Indeed the philosophy then current and afterwards triumphant was that the Deed without Advertising was worthless and in the long run Advertising without the Deed was the only lasting value”. DuBois faced great adversary while conducting the Negro studies that lead to his resignation, for example funding became an issue because of there was a lack of support that came from the state of Georgia to Atlanta University. There became a lack of support for Negro studies because Atlanta University was refusing to accept funds from the state of Georgia in exchange that they end the Negro studies. Because Atlanta University did not accept funds, it led to the deterioration of the Atlanta Conferences of which the last publication was in 1917 (Wright 2002). “According to DuBois, had Atlanta University accepted funding from the state of Georgia it would have been forced to succumb to the racial intolerance that contradicted the original charter of the university, but the school would not have experienced the level of financial crisis it was later troubled by. Because of the racial tensions in the South during the time in which DuBois lived, it was hard to get information about minorities without disrupting Jim Crow laws. Of the lesser known members who made important contributions to the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory, Monroe Nathan Work, a graduate from the University of Chicago department of Sociology, whose work was influenced by DuBois’s studies at Atlanta University that he began working with the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory conducting research and having it appear in Atlanta University Publications. Work’s contributions to the Atlanta University Publications include reports on religion and crime that were published in the 1903 and 1904 monographs and a 1917 offering on economic cooperation”. Lucy Craft Laney graduated from Atlanta University in 1873. After Laney graduated from Atlanta University, she became a teacher and opened up her own school in 1886. She",
"without disrupting Jim Crow laws. Of the lesser known members who made important contributions to the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory, Monroe Nathan Work, a graduate from the University of Chicago department of Sociology, whose work was influenced by DuBois’s studies at Atlanta University that he began working with the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory conducting research and having it appear in Atlanta University Publications. Work’s contributions to the Atlanta University Publications include reports on religion and crime that were published in the 1903 and 1904 monographs and a 1917 offering on economic cooperation”. Lucy Craft Laney graduated from Atlanta University in 1873. After Laney graduated from Atlanta University, she became a teacher and opened up her own school in 1886. She opened her own school to teach Negroes based on the curriculum on literature, social sciences and the classics. Laney, thought like DuBois and thought Blacks should obtain a liberal arts degree and not get technical or vocational degree like Booker T. Washington theory for Negroes. Laney was known to have participated in at least five Atlanta Conferences. Quotes by DuBois include “So far as the American world of science and letters as concerned, we never “belonged”; we remained unrecognized in learned societies and academic groups. We rated merely as Negroes studying Negroes, and after all, what had Negroes to do with America or science.\"Ashgate Research Companion to Black Sociology \" “We are simply to study human life under certain conditions- conditions which, if repeated with any other race, would have practically the same result”. Atlanta Sociological"
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"Mario With more than 500 million units sold worldwide, the overall \"Mario\" franchise is the best-selling video game franchise of all time. Outside of the \"Super Mario\" platform series, other \"Mario\" genres include the \"Mario Kart\" racing series, sports games such as the \"Mario Tennis\" and \"Mario Golf\" series, role-playing games such as \"Mario & Luigi\", \"Super Mario RPG\" and \"Paper Mario\", and educational games such as \"Mario Is Missing!\", \"Mario's Time Machine\" and \"Mario Teaches Typing\". The franchise has branched into several media, including television shows, film, comics, and licensed merchandise. Since 1990, Mario has been voiced by Charles Martinet. Shigeru Miyamoto created Mario while developing \"Donkey Kong\" in an attempt to produce a best-selling video game for Nintendo; previous titles like \"Sheriff\" had not achieved the same success as titles like \"Pac-Man\". Originally, Miyamoto wanted to create a video game that used the characters Popeye, Bluto, and Olive Oyl. At the time, however, Miyamoto was unable to acquire a license to use the characters (and would not until 1982 with \"Popeye\"), so he ended up making an unnamed player character, Donkey Kong, and Lady (later known as Pauline). In the early stages of \"Donkey Kong\", Mario was unable to jump, and the focus was to escape a maze. However, Miyamoto enabled Mario to jump, saying \"If you had a barrel rolling towards you, what would you do?\" While the protagonist was unnamed in the Japanese release, he would be named Jumpman in the game's English instructions and Mario in the sales brochure. Miyamoto originally named the character \"Mr. Video\", and he was to be used in every video game Miyamoto developed. According to a widely circulated story, during localization of \"Donkey Kong\" for American audiences, Nintendo of America's warehouse landlord Mario Segale confronted then-president Minoru Arakawa, demanding back rent. Following a heated argument in which the Nintendo employees eventually convinced Segale he would be paid, they opted to name the character in the game Mario after him. Miyamoto commented that if he had named Mario \"Mr. Video\", Mario likely would have \"disappeared off the face of the Earth\". By Miyamoto's own account, Mario's profession was chosen to fit with the game design. Since \"Donkey Kong\" was set on a construction site, Mario was made into a carpenter. When he appeared again in \"Mario Bros.\", it was decided he should be a plumber, since a lot of the game is played in underground settings. Mario's character design, particularly his large nose, draws on western influences; once he became a plumber, Miyamoto decided to \"put him in New York\" and make him Italian, lightheartedly attributing Mario's nationality to his mustache. Other sources have Mario's profession chosen to be carpenter in an effort to depict the character as an ordinary hard worker, and make it easier for players to identify with him. After a colleague suggested that Mario more closely resembled a plumber, Miyamoto changed Mario's profession accordingly and developed \"Mario Bros.\", featuring the character in the sewers of New York City. Due to the graphical limitations of arcade hardware at the time, Miyamoto clothed the character in red overalls and a blue shirt to contrast against each other and the background. A red cap was added to let Miyamoto avoid drawing the character's hairstyle, forehead, and eyebrows, as well as to circumvent the issue of animating his hair as he jumped. To give distinctly human facial features on an 8×8 pixel head, Miyamoto drew a large nose and a mustache, which avoided the need to draw a mouth and facial expressions. Miyamoto envisioned a \"go to\" character that could be put into any game as needed, albeit in cameo appearances, as at the time Miyamoto was not expecting the character to become singularly popular. To this end, he originally called the character \"Mr. Video\", comparing his intent for appearances in later games to the cameos that Alfred Hitchcock had done within his films. Over time, Mario's appearance has become more defined; blue eyes, white gloves, brown shoes, a red \"M\" in a white circle on the front of his hat and gold buttons on his overalls have been added. The colors of his shirt and overalls were also reversed from a blue shirt with red overalls to a red shirt with blue overalls. Miyamoto attributed this process to the different development teams and artists for each game as well as advances in technology. Nintendo did not initially reveal Mario's full name. In a 1989 interview, his full name was stated not to be \"Mario Mario\" though it may be inferred from the title of the \"Mario Bros.\" series. The first notable use of \"Mario Mario\" is in the 1993 live-action film adaptation. This was again used in two of Prima's official strategy guides, in 2000 for \"Mario Party 2\" and in 2003 for \"\". In 2012 after Charles Martinet voiced Mario declaring himself \"Mario Mario\" at the San Diego Comic-Con the next month Satoru Iwata said he had no last name, which Shigeru Miyamoto agreed with the month after. Two months after Iwata's death in July 2015, Miyamoto changed his stance September 2015 at the Super Mario Bros. 30th Anniversary festival, asserting that his name was indeed Mario Mario. Mario debuted as \"Jumpman\" in the arcade game \"Donkey Kong\" on July 9, 1981. He is shown to be a carpenter and has a pet ape called Donkey Kong. The carpenter mistreats the ape and Donkey Kong escapes to kidnap Jumpman's girlfriend, originally known as the Lady, but later named Pauline. The player must take the role of Jumpman and rescue the girl. Jumpman was later renamed \"Mario\" in the 1982 arcade game \"Donkey Kong Junior\", the only game in which he has been portrayed as an antagonist. In the 1983 arcade game \"Mario Bros.\", Mario and his younger brother Luigi are portrayed as Italian-American plumbers who have to defeat creatures that have been coming from the sewers below New York City. In \"Super Mario Bros.\" for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Mario saves Princess Toadstool (later known as Princess Peach) of the Mushroom Kingdom from King Koopa. To save Princess Toadstool, Mario conquers the eight worlds of the Mushroom Kingdom by going to the castle in each to defeat a minion of King Koopa. To reach each castle, Mario battles through three sub-worlds by defeating King Koopa's henchmen. If Mario successfully fights his way through the castle and defeats the minion, he frees a Mushroom Retainer. Inside the eighth castle, Mario has a final fight with King Koopa and frees Princess Toadstool. In \"Super Mario Bros. 2\", the player can choose between Mario, Luigi, Toad, or Princess Peach. Each character possesses unique abilities (Luigi has stronger jumping ability, Toad can dig the fastest, and Peach can float), with Mario being the most well-rounded. In \"Super Mario Bros. 3\", Mario quests to save the rulers of seven kingdoms from Bowser and his children, the Koopalings, and Mario travels across eight worlds to restore order to the Mushroom World and to rescue Princess Peach. Mario is introduced to new power-ups that augment his abilities. In \"Super Mario Land\", an alien named Tatanga appears, hypnotizes the inhabitants of an area called Sarasaland, and kidnaps its ruler, Princess Daisy. Mario sets out to rescue her, traveling through the four geographical areas of Sarasaland and defeating Tatanga's minions along the way. He corners Tatanga in the skies of the Chai kingdom, bringing down the alien warship and rescuing Daisy. In \"Super Mario World\", Mario and Luigi take Princess Peach for a vacation in Dinosaur World sometime after the events of \"Super Mario Bros. 3\"; during the vacation, Peach is kidnapped by Bowser. Mario and Luigi meet the Yoshis, dinosaurs that live in Dinosaur World, and they help rescue Peach by allowing Mario and Luigi to ride them. In \"\", whose events take place immediately after the original \"Super Mario Land\", Mario's evil counterpart Wario has put an evil",
"the inhabitants of an area called Sarasaland, and kidnaps its ruler, Princess Daisy. Mario sets out to rescue her, traveling through the four geographical areas of Sarasaland and defeating Tatanga's minions along the way. He corners Tatanga in the skies of the Chai kingdom, bringing down the alien warship and rescuing Daisy. In \"Super Mario World\", Mario and Luigi take Princess Peach for a vacation in Dinosaur World sometime after the events of \"Super Mario Bros. 3\"; during the vacation, Peach is kidnapped by Bowser. Mario and Luigi meet the Yoshis, dinosaurs that live in Dinosaur World, and they help rescue Peach by allowing Mario and Luigi to ride them. In \"\", whose events take place immediately after the original \"Super Mario Land\", Mario's evil counterpart Wario has put an evil spell over Mario Land while Mario was away in Sarasaland, renaming the area Wario Land. The inhabitants are brainwashed into thinking that Wario is their master and Mario is their enemy. Wario's motive behind this sudden attack was to take control over Mario's castle in order to have one of his own. To stop Wario, Mario finds the 6 Golden Coins throughout Mario Land and regains access to his castle. In \"\", a stork carries Baby Mario and Baby Luigi across the sea, but the evil Magikoopa Kamek steals Baby Luigi, and Baby Mario falls onto an island called Yoshi's Island, home to Yoshis. After Mario meets the Yoshis, the group journeys through the game's six worlds to rescue Baby Luigi and the stork from Baby Bowser and Kamek. Mario made his 3D debut in \"Super Mario 64\" for the Nintendo 64. Princess Peach sends Mario a letter inviting him to join her at her castle for cake; however, when he arrives, Mario discovers that Bowser has invaded the castle and imprisoned the princess and her servants within it using the castle's 120 Power Stars. Many of the castle's paintings are portals to other worlds, in which Bowser's minions guard the stars. Mario explores the castle and other worlds to recover the stars. He gains access to more painting portals as he recovers more stars, and he traverses three obstacle courses that lead him to battles with Bowser. Defeating Bowser the first two times earns Mario keys that open new levels of the castle, while the final battle releases Peach, who rewards Mario by baking the cake that she promised him. In \"Super Mario Sunshine\", Mario, Toadsworth, and Princess Peach take a vacation to Isle Delfino, a tropical island. A person resembling Mario, known as \"Shadow Mario\", vandalizes and pollutes the entire island using a magic paintbrush. The vandalism has caused the Shine Sprites to flee from the island's main city, Delfino Plaza, and blanket the island in darkness. Blamed for the mess, Mario is arrested by the island authorities and ordered to clean up Isle Delfino. Mario is equipped with FLUDD, a robotic hosing device invented by Professor E. Gadd, which he uses to clean up the pollution and collect the Shine Sprites. Meanwhile, Peach is kidnapped by Shadow Mario, who reveals himself to be Bowser Jr., one of Bowser's children, having stolen the paintbrush from Professor E. Gadd. Mario eventually confronts Bowser and Bowser Jr. and rescues the princess. With the island cleaned up, Mario and Peach begin their vacation. Mario went to 2.5D in \"New Super Mario Bros.\" While Mario and Peach take a walk together through the Mushroom Kingdom, Bowser Jr. kidnaps Peach and flees. Mario gives chase, venturing through eight worlds. Mario eventually catches up, defeating both Bowser and Bowser Jr. and rescuing Peach. In \"Super Mario Galaxy\", Mario is invited by Princess Peach to the centennial Star Festival in the Mushroom Kingdom. Upon arrival, Bowser invades the kingdom and rips Peach's castle from its foundations and lifts it into outer space. After failing to prevent the princess from being kidnapped, Mario meets star-like creatures called Lumas and their companion, Rosalina. Rosalina tells Mario that Bowser has stolen the Power Stars, the source of power for Rosalina's mobile observatory, and has taken Peach to the center of the universe. Mario then travels to various galaxies to reclaim the Power Stars to restore power to the observatory and reclaim Princess Peach. In \"New Super Mario Bros. Wii\", another 2.5D game, Mario, Luigi, and two Toads are attending Princess Peach's birthday party when Bowser Jr. and the other seven Koopalings ambush the princess and kidnap her. Mario, Luigi, and the two Toads chase after them across eight worlds, defeating each Koopaling as they progress. The quartet eventually confronts Bowser, defeating him and saving the princess. In \"Super Mario Galaxy 2\", Bowser, who has transformed himself into a giant using the Power Stars, attacks the Mushroom Kingdom and abducts Peach, taking her to the center of the universe. With the help of the Lumas, Mario pilots Starship Mario, a mobile planet in the shape of his head, in order to travel to various galaxies and gather the Power Stars, used to fuel the ship. After multiple battles against both Bowser and Bowser Jr., Mario eventually arrives at Bowser's lair at the center of the universe, where he defeats him and rescues the princess. In 2012, Mario returned in \"New Super Mario Bros. 2\" where he collects several coins scattered across the Mushroom Kingdom in addition to saving Princess Peach from the evil clutches of Bowser and the Koopalings. Mario returns to defeat Bowser and his minions in \"New Super Mario Bros. U\". Mario is one of the playable characters in \"Super Mario 3D World\", where he has average running speed and jump height compared to other characters. Mario is the protagonist of the Nintendo Switch game \"Super Mario Odyssey\", where the character Cappy replaces Mario's traditional hat, allowing Mario to throw it like a long-range weapon, and \"capture\" enemies to gain their abilities. \"Mario\" games of other genres include various \"Game & Watch\" games; \"Mario Pinball Land\", a pinball game for the Game Boy Advance; various educational games; and the \"Dr. Mario\" puzzle video game, (with \"Dr. Mario\" itself first released in 1990). In these games, Dr. Mario throws vitamins that the player must align to destroy the viruses that populate the playing field. 1996's \"Super Mario RPG\" is the first \"Mario\" role-playing game; ten games have followed, including five in the \"Paper Mario\" series (\"Paper Mario\" for the Nintendo 64, \"\" for the GameCube, \"Super Paper Mario\" for the Wii, \"\" for the Nintendo 3DS, and \"\" for the Wii U) and six in the \"Mario & Luigi\" series (\"\" for the Game Boy Advance, \"\" and \"\" for the Nintendo DS, \"\", \"\", and for the Nintendo 3DS). Several other sub-series of \"Mario\" video games, especially those inspired from sports, have been released. The \"Mario Kart\" franchise, which began with \"Super Mario Kart\" for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992, is the most successful and longest-running kart racing franchise. Other \"Mario\" sports games include the Camelot-developed series \"Mario Golf\" and \"Mario Tennis\", and, respectively, the baseball and soccer games \"Mario Superstar Baseball\" and \"Super Mario Strikers\". In 1999, Hudson Soft developed the \"Mario Party\" series, which began on the Nintendo 64. The games revolve around a set of minigames and are playable with up to four players. \"Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games\", released for both Nintendo DS and Wii, is a collection of 24 events based on the 2008 Summer Olympic Games from Beijing, in which characters from Sega's \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" series compete with \"Mario\" characters. This was followed in 2009 by \"Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games\" on both systems, based on the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Two more sports games for the Wii were released in 2011, \"Mario Sports Mix\" and the third \"Mario & Sonic\" game, \"Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games\" while the latter was released for the Nintendo 3DS in February 2012, which is based on the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The fourth",
"began on the Nintendo 64. The games revolve around a set of minigames and are playable with up to four players. \"Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games\", released for both Nintendo DS and Wii, is a collection of 24 events based on the 2008 Summer Olympic Games from Beijing, in which characters from Sega's \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" series compete with \"Mario\" characters. This was followed in 2009 by \"Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games\" on both systems, based on the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Two more sports games for the Wii were released in 2011, \"Mario Sports Mix\" and the third \"Mario & Sonic\" game, \"Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games\" while the latter was released for the Nintendo 3DS in February 2012, which is based on the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The fourth edition of the \"Mario & Sonic\" series for the Wii U is called \"Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games\", which is based on the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. A fifth title, \"Mario & Sonic at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games\", which is based on the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, was released in 2016 for the Nintendo 3DS, Wii U and Arcade. Apart from his platformer and spin-off game appearances, Mario has made guest appearances in non-\"Mario\" games, such as \"Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!!\", where Mario is a referee. Mario appears as a playable character in \"NBA Street V3\" and \"SSX on Tour\". He makes countless cameo appearances in many forms in many games, such as portraits and statues in \"\", \"\", and \"\". The first appearance of Mario in other media than games was \"Saturday Supercade\", an animated television series produced by Ruby-Spears Productions in 1983. Each episode was composed of several shorter segments featuring video game characters from the golden age of video arcade games. Mario (voiced by Peter Cullen) appeared in Donkey Kong segments where he and Pauline would try to recapture Donkey Kong. Mario stars in \"The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!\", played by \"Captain\" Lou Albano. Mario stars in \"The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3\" and \"Super Mario World\", voiced by Walker Boone. Mario appears in the live-action film \"Super Mario Bros.\" as played by Bob Hoskins. Mario finds himself in an alternate universe in which dinosaurs rule where he must save the Earth from invasion. The film was a commercial failure at the box office. Outside the original games, television shows, and film, Mario has influenced the creation of a line of licensed merchandise and has appeared in popular culture. The Nintendo Comics System series, along with the Nintendo Adventure Books, were created due to Mario as well. Mario will appear at Universal Studios Japan in Osaka in the upcoming section of Super Nintendo World, which is scheduled to open in 2020 in time of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. One of the rides will be themed to \"Mario Kart\". Universal Parks & Resorts also has plans to import Super Nintendo World to Universal Studios Hollywood in Los Angeles, California and Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, Florida. Mario is depicted as a portly plumber who lives in the fictional land of the Mushroom Kingdom with Luigi, his younger, taller brother. In the television series and film, Mario and Luigi are originally from Brooklyn, New York. Little is known of Mario's childhood, though the infant version of Mario, Baby Mario, first appeared in 1995 in \"\", and has often appeared in Nintendo sports games since then. Baby Mario has a major role along with Baby Luigi in \"\" and appears in \"Yoshi's Island DS\". He, along with the adult Mario, is voiced by Charles Martinet. He wears a longsleeved red shirt, a pair of blue overalls with yellow buttons, brown shoes, white gloves and a red cap with a red \"M\" printed on a white circle. In \"Donkey Kong\", he wore a pair of red overalls, and a blue shirt. In \"Super Mario Bros.\", he wore a brown shirt with red overalls. He has blue eyes, and, like Luigi, has brown hair, and a dark brown or black mustache. This consistent difference in color is attributed to being a relic from designing the characters for their original platforms, wherein certain features were actively distinguished while others had to be curtailed due to technical limitations. In a 2005 interview, Miyamoto stated that Mario's physical age was about 24-25 years old. Mario's occupation is plumbing, though in the original \"Donkey Kong\" games he is a carpenter. Mario has had several other occupations: in the \"Dr. Mario\" series of puzzle games, which debuted in 1990, Mario is portrayed as a medical physician named \"Dr. Mario\"; in the Game Boy game \"Mario's Picross\", Mario is an archaeologist; and in \"\", Mario is the president of a profitable toy-making company. Mario is an athlete in various \"Mario\" sports titles including \"Mario Sports Mix\", \"Mario Strikers Charged\", and \"Mario Tennis Aces\"; as well as a kart racer in the \"Mario Kart\" series. Mario usually saves Princess Peach and the Mushroom Kingdom and purges antagonists, such as Bowser, from various areas. Mario has gained fame in the Mushroom Kingdom due to his heroic deeds, as shown in \"\", where the brothers are referred to as \"superstars\". In September 2017, Nintendo confirmed on their official Japanese profile for the character that Mario was no longer considered a plumber, most likely due to his various occupations and hobbies. However as of March 2018, the Japanese profile has since been changed to state that Mario's occupation is still a plumber. Since his first game, Mario has usually had the role of saving the damsel in distress. Originally, he had to rescue his girlfriend Pauline in \"Donkey Kong\" from Donkey Kong. Pauline was soon replaced by a new damsel in distress, Princess Peach, in \"Super Mario Bros.\", but returned in the Game Boy remake of \"Donkey Kong\" in 1994, and in \"\" in 2006, although the character is now described as \"Mario's friend\". Mario has rescued Princess Peach multiple times since \"Super Mario Bros.\" In a role reversal, Peach rescues Mario in \"Super Princess Peach\". Mario rescued Princess Daisy of Sarasaraland in \"Super Mario Land\", but Luigi seems to be more linked to her. In \"Super Smash Bros. Melee\", the text explaining Daisy's trophy states that \"after her appearance in \"Mario Golf\", gossips portrayed her as Luigi's answer to Mario's Peach\". Luigi is Mario's younger fraternal twin brother. He is a companion in the \"Mario\" games, and the character whom the second player controls in two-player sessions of many of the video games, though he occasionally rescues Mario, as seen in \"Mario Is Missing!\" and \"Luigi's Mansion\". \"\" for the Game Boy saw the arrival of Wario, Mario's greedy counterpart, who is often Mario's antagonist or an antihero. Yoshi is a dinosaur whose species is also named Yoshi. They vary in color, though the original Yoshi is green. Yoshi serves as Mario's steed in games such as \"Super Mario World\", and is depicted as an independent character in games like \"Super Mario Kart\" and \"\". During the development of \"Donkey Kong\", Mario was known as \"Jumpman\". Jumping—both to access places and as an offensive move—is a common gameplay element in \"Mario\" games, especially the \"Super Mario\" series. By the time \"Super Mario RPG\" was released, jumping became such a signature act of Mario that the player was often tasked with jumping to prove to non-player characters that he was Mario. Mario's most commonly portrayed form of attack is jumping to stomp on the heads of enemies, first used in \"Super Mario Bros.\" This jump-stomp move may entirely crush smaller enemies on the stage, and usually deals damage to larger ones, sometimes causing secondary effects. This attack often enables Mario to knock the turtle-like Koopa Troopas into or out of their shells, which can be used as weapons. Subsequent games have elaborated on Mario's jumping-related abilities. \"Super Mario World\" added the ability to spin-jump, which allows Mario to break blocks beneath him. The Game Boy version of \"Donkey Kong\"",
"the time \"Super Mario RPG\" was released, jumping became such a signature act of Mario that the player was often tasked with jumping to prove to non-player characters that he was Mario. Mario's most commonly portrayed form of attack is jumping to stomp on the heads of enemies, first used in \"Super Mario Bros.\" This jump-stomp move may entirely crush smaller enemies on the stage, and usually deals damage to larger ones, sometimes causing secondary effects. This attack often enables Mario to knock the turtle-like Koopa Troopas into or out of their shells, which can be used as weapons. Subsequent games have elaborated on Mario's jumping-related abilities. \"Super Mario World\" added the ability to spin-jump, which allows Mario to break blocks beneath him. The Game Boy version of \"Donkey Kong\" allows Mario to jump higher with consecutive jumps, and perform a back-flip. In \"Super Mario 64\", Mario gains new jumping abilities such as a sideways somersault; a ground pound, which is a high-impact downward thrusting motion; and the \"Wall Kick\", which propels him upwards by kicking off walls. Mario uses items, which give him various powers, and differ between the games he is in. The first power-up Mario used was the Hammer in \"Donkey Kong\". \"Super Mario Bros.\" introduced the basic three power-ups that have become staples for the series, especially the 2D games — the Super Mushroom, which causes Mario to grow larger; the Fire Flower, which allows Mario to throw fireballs; and the Starman, which gives Mario temporary invincibility. These powers have appeared regularly throughout the series. Throughout the series' history, there have been several kinds of Mushroom power-ups, including the 1-up Mushroom, which gives Mario an extra life; the Poison Mushroom, which causes Mario to either shrink or die; the Mega Mushroom, which causes Mario to grow very large; and the Mini Mushroom, which causes Mario to shrink. A reoccurring power-up throughout the series is an item that gives Mario the ability of flight. The first of this type was introduced in \"Super Mario Bros. 3\": one power-up, which gives Mario a raccoon suit, is called the Super Leaf, while another is called the Tanooki Suit (a transliteration of tanuki) and grants Mario the ability to fly or turn into a statue. In \"Super Mario World\", an item called the Cape Feather was introduced that gave Mario a cape. In \"\", a carrot was available that gave Mario rabbit ears that allowed him to fly, and in \"Super Mario 64\", Mario could acquire an item called the Wing Cap, which temporarily gave him the ability of flight. \"Super Mario Sunshine\" introduces a pump-water spraying device named \"F.L.U.D.D.\", which abilities included spraying water and hovering. \"Super Mario Galaxy\" introduced new power-ups, including the Bee Mushroom, which turned Mario into a bee and allowed him to fly temporarily; the Boo Mushroom, which turned Mario into a ghost, allowing him to float and pass through walls; the Spring Mushroom, which encased Mario in a spring, allowing him to jump higher; and the Ice Flower, which allowed the player to temporarily walk on water and lava without sinking or taking damage. \"Super Mario Galaxy 2\" introduced more power ups, including the Cloud Flower which allows Mario to create platforms in midair and Rock Mario, which transforms Mario into a boulder that could be used to break through barriers. \"New Super Mario Bros. Wii\" updated the Ice Flower, which allows Mario to shoot ice balls that temporally freeze enemies; and introduced the Propeller Mushroom, which allows him to fly; as well as the Penguin Suit, which allows Mario to easily traverse ice and swim through water in addition to shooting ice balls. \"Super Mario 3D Land\" introduced the Boomerang Flower, which allows Mario to throw boomerangs at nearby enemies; and the Statue Leaf, which allows Mario to turn to a statue. In \"New Super Mario Bros. U\", a Super Acorn makes its debut. This transforms Mario to his new Flying squirrel form where he can glide and stick on walls. \"Super Mario 3D World\" introduced the Super Bell, which transforms Mario into his cat form as well as a Double Cherry to make multiple copies of himself. As Nintendo's primary mascot, Mario is widely considered to be the most famous video game character in history, and has been called an icon of the gaming industry. The \"Mario\" series of video games has sold more than 510 million copies, making it the best-selling video game franchise. Mario was one of the first video game character inductees at the Walk of Game in 2005, alongside Link and Sonic the Hedgehog. Mario was the first video game character to be honored with a wax figure in the Hollywood Wax Museum in 2003. In the 1990s, a national survey found that Mario was more recognizable to American children than Mickey Mouse. Mario has also been called the \"most recognisable\" figure in the gaming industry. Creator Shigeru Miyamoto has stated that Mario is his favorite out of all characters that he has created. \"Electronic Gaming Monthly\" gave Mario their \"Coolest Mascot\" award for 1996, calling him \"an age-old friend.\" \"Nintendo Power\" listed Mario as their favorite hero, citing his defining characteristics as his mustache, red cap, plumbing prowess, and his mushrooms. In a poll conducted in 2008 by Oricon, Mario was voted the most popular video game character in Japan. GameDaily listed the \"unlikely hero\" on its top 25 video game archetypes, and used Mario as an example of this. It stated that in spite of the fact that he should have run out of energy through the first level, he kept going. Mario ranked fourth on GameDaily's top ten \"Smash Bros.\" characters list. Mario was fourth on UGO's list of the \"Top 100 Heroes of All Time\". They also listed Mario's hat twenty-first on their list of \"The Coolest Helmets and Headgear in Video Games\", stating \"there's always somebody at your Halloween party wearing one.\" CNET listed him first on its list of the \"Top 5 video game characters\". He was voted 100th in IGN's Top 100 Villains for his appearance in \"Donkey Kong Junior\", adding \"This Mario is a total jerk, holding Donkey Kong Jr.'s dad hostage\", and he has also been elected by GamesRadar as the 90th \"most dastardly ne'er-do-wells\" villain in video games in their \"top 100\". Mario has been established as a pop culture icon, and has starred in numerous television shows, comic books, and in a feature film. He has appeared on lunch boxes, T-shirts, magazines, commercials (notably, in a Got Milk? commercial), in candy form, on shampoo bottles, cereal, badges, board games, and as a plush toy. Nintendo produced a 60-minute anime film based on the original \"Super Mario Bros.\" titled \"\" in 1986, although this film has not been released outside Japan and has not been released on any home video format except VHS. The animated series \"The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!\" featured a live-action series of skits which starred former WWF manager \"Captain\" Lou Albano as Mario and Danny Wells as Luigi. Mario appeared in a book series, the Nintendo Adventure Books. Mario has inspired unlicensed paintings, performances on talent shows such as \"India's Got Talent\", and short films, which have been viewed hundreds of thousands of times. The character has been present in a number of works created by third parties other than Nintendo, such as in the iOS and Android video game \"Platform Panic\", in which one of the purchasable skins is a reference to him. Many people and places have been named or nicknamed after Mario. Bergsala, the distributor of Nintendo's products in the Nordic and the Baltic countries, is located at Marios Gata 21 (Mario's Street 21) in Kungsbacka, Sweden, named after Mario. Many sports stars, including Bundesliga football players Mario Götze and Mario Gómez, National Hockey League player Mario Lemieux, Italian footballer Mario Balotelli, and Italian cyclist Mario Cipollini have been given the nickname \"Super Mario\". In a suburb of the Spanish city of",
"have been viewed hundreds of thousands of times. The character has been present in a number of works created by third parties other than Nintendo, such as in the iOS and Android video game \"Platform Panic\", in which one of the purchasable skins is a reference to him. Many people and places have been named or nicknamed after Mario. Bergsala, the distributor of Nintendo's products in the Nordic and the Baltic countries, is located at Marios Gata 21 (Mario's Street 21) in Kungsbacka, Sweden, named after Mario. Many sports stars, including Bundesliga football players Mario Götze and Mario Gómez, National Hockey League player Mario Lemieux, Italian footballer Mario Balotelli, and Italian cyclist Mario Cipollini have been given the nickname \"Super Mario\". In a suburb of the Spanish city of Zaragoza, streets were named after video games, including \"Avenida de Super Mario Bros\". Mario's legacy is recognized by Guinness World Records, who awarded the Nintendo mascot, and the series of platform games he has appeared in, seven world records in the \"Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008\". These records include \"Best Selling Video Game Series of All Time\", \"First Movie Based on an Existing Video Game\", and \"Most Prolific Video Game Character\", with Mario appearing in 116 distinct titles (not including remakes or re-releases). Mario appeared in the 2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony to promote the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. In a pre-recorded video, the prime minister Shinzō Abe became Mario to use a Warp pipe planted by Doraemon from Shibuya Crossing to Maracanã Stadium. Abe then appeared dressed as Mario in an oversized Warp Pipe in the middle of the stadium. Mario Day (previously known as National Mario Day) is celebrated on March 10, as when that date is presented as Mar 10 it resembles the name MARIO. Since 2016, the day was officially observed by Nintendo, and celebrates this day annually by promoting \"Mario\" games and holding \"Mario\"-related events. Mario With more than 500 million units sold worldwide, the overall \"Mario\" franchise is the best-selling video game franchise of all time. Outside of the \"Super Mario\" platform series, other \"Mario\" genres include the \"Mario Kart\" racing series, sports games such as the \"Mario Tennis\" and \"Mario Golf\" series, role-playing games such as \"Mario & Luigi\", \"Super Mario RPG\" and \"Paper Mario\", and educational games such as \"Mario Is Missing!\", \"Mario's"
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"Ferdinando Marescalchi Ferdinando, comte Marescalchi (26 February 1754, Bologna - 22 June 1816, Milan) was an Italian diplomat and politician. He was from an old noble family which had originated in Vicenza. He studied law at the University of Bologna, became a magistrate and became a hereditary member of the senate which governed Bologna. When the French invaded Italy, he led the faction which openly declared in their favour and came to the attention of Bonaparte, who placed much trust and confidence in him. He was a strong supporter of the political reform of 1796 and when the Cispadane Republic was formed that year he became part of its executive directory. The Cisalpine Republic sent him to Vienna as its plenipotentiary in 1799, but he was only able to gain a single audience with Francis I of Austria. He then became plenipotentiary to the Second Congress of Rastatt (9 December 1797 to 23 April 1799). On his return he was elected director-president in March 1799, but soon the Russo-Austrian invasion forced him and his colleagues to flee to France until they were able to return after the Battle of Marengo. In July 1800 he was made the Cisalpine representative to Paris. He took part in the 1801-02 Consulte de Lyon in the former chapel of the Jesuit college of the trinity (now the chapel of the Lycée Ampère on rue de la Bourse). At first it suggested electing Francesco Melzi d'Eril, then Antonio Aldini, as president, but they both declined. Talleyrand then intervened and suggested that the Italians elect Bonaparte himself, due to the presence of French troops in Italy and the reluctance of the other Italian states to recognise the Cisalpine Republic - this suggestion was accepted, with Marescalchi's full support. Napoleon made his acceptance speech in Italian on 26 January 1802 (he had effectively arrived in France aged 9 speaking Italian and no French and always spoke French with an accent on certain words and used several unusual spellings) and in it changed the Cisalpine Republic's name to the Italian Republic. This led to riotous applause. Bonaparte then chose Melzi d'Eril as vice-president, to reside in Milan. Marescalchi lived in Paris as the Republic's foreign minister from 1802 to 1805. He was strongly supported in his work by Bernier, bishop of Orléans, who with Giovanni Battista Caprara co-organised the Concordat between Rome and Italian Republic, signed in Paris on 9 September 1803. Marescalchi also assisted in the coronation of Napoleon I on 2 December 1804. After the 'acte de la consulta', which made Napoleon king of Italy, Marescalchi became his representative in France, but with limited autonomy in Italy. He Emmanuel Crétet and signed a Franco-Italian trade treaty on 20 June 1808. He rented Hôtel de Massa as his Paris residence and held many festivities there, making it a key meeting point for the nobility of the First French Empire and launching the fashion for masked or fancy-dress balls. In 1809 he received the emperor himself before setting off for the Battle of Wagram. When the Grand Orient of Italy was set up on 20 June 1805, Marescalchi was its grand conservator and prince Eugène de Beauharnais its grandmaster. Napoleon also made Marescalchi a count of the Kingdom of Italy in December 1810 (by letters patent of 12 April 1809), grand chancellor of the Order of the Iron Crown and a member of all the Napoleonic orders. He was also member of the electoral college of Reno. After Napoleon's abdication, Marie-Louise of Austria made Marescalchi governor of the Grand Duchy of Parma and Piacenza. He was also the Austrian emperor's plenipotentiary at Modena, where he died on 22 June 1816. He also published sonnets and 'canzoni'. Ferdinando Marescalchi Ferdinando, comte Marescalchi (26 February 1754, Bologna - 22 June 1816, Milan) was an Italian diplomat and politician. He was from an old noble family which had originated in Vicenza. He studied law at the University of Bologna, became a magistrate and became a hereditary member of the senate which governed Bologna. When the French invaded Italy, he led the faction which openly declared in their favour and came to the attention of Bonaparte, who placed much trust and confidence"
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"Omey Island Omey Island () is a tidal island situated near Claddaghduff on the western edge of Connemara in County Galway, Ireland. From the mainland the island is inconspicuous and almost hidden. It is possible to drive or walk across a large sandy strand to the island by following the arrowed signs. At high tide, the water is deep enough to cover a car. In the early-to-mid-1990s a team of archaeologists from University College Dublin began work to study the monastic heritage of the island, long known for being the site of a monastery and settlement reportedly founded by the prodigious St Feichin. In fact, its name derives from the Irish \"Iomaidh Feichín\" meaning \"Feichín's bed or seat\". The excavation gave new insights into the life of early Christianity in Ireland and included one of the few known burials of a woman within a monastic burial ground. The site is believed to date from the early 6th century. The island of Omey remains a place of devotion to Saint Feichín to this day, with a Holy Well situated by the western edge and several other key landmarks of piety. This includes a later medieval parish church - with the majority of its vast stones still very much in place (having been buried in centuries of sand until the parish priest took matters into his own hands and, with the help of locals, dug up the area surrounding it). St Feichín is reported to have established many such communities across the west of Ireland and is considered one of the most important of the early founders of the rich tradition of Irish Christianity. The O'Tooles of Leinster settled here in the early 1500s, under the protection of the O'Flahertys. During the Cromwellian settlements the Browns and D'Arcys took over. In the early 1800s two townlands on Omey belonged to the Martins of Ballynahinch and one to the D'Arcys of Clifden. John MacNeice, a Church of Ireland bishop famous for his opposition to the Ulster Covenant was born and raised on Omey. A description of the desolate island appeared in \"Duffy's Hibernian Magazine\": \"Can there be anything to distinguish that flat unpicturesque abode of misery from any other spot in which human wretchedness prevails along the most desolate tracts of the Irish coast? We answer, yes: that poor unfavoured island in the remote west, nearly half the surface of which is covered by a lough and spewy marsh, while the other half is little better than drifting sand, the scanty vegetation on which is frequently blasted by the “red wind” of the Atlantic—that island, we say, has a history of its own. It was the “Imagia insula” of the old Latin hagiologists, and was, as far as we know, the very last spot in which paganism lingered in Ireland. In the latter half of the seventh century, St. Feichin, the holy abbot of Fore, in Westmeath, found the inhabitants of Omey still pagans, and encountered violent opposition from them when building a monastery there...\" During the winter of 1880-81, Bernard Henry Becker, correspondent for the \"Daily Mail,\" toured Ireland and wrote about Omey Island: \"Over against the inhabited part of the island is what is now a mere sandbank. It is covered with sand, and not a soul dwells thereon. But there were people there once who clung in their stone cabins till the sand finally covered them; so that they might fairly be described as dwellers or burrowers therein... Now I have seen superb potatoes grown literally in the sand at Scheveningen, and was not surprised to hear that Omey Island was once so famous for the national staff of life that few cared to grow anything else. But there are difficulties everywhere, and it is parlous work to break up ground at Omey. There is too much fresh air; for it blows so hard that people are afraid to disturb the thin covering of herbage which overspreads the best part of the island. 'If ye break the shkin of 'um, your honour, the wind blows the sand away and leaves your pitaties bare. And, begorra, there are nights when the pitaties themselves 'ud be blown away.\" Statements like this must be taken at a reduction, but, judging from my own experience, Omey is a 'grand place for the weather entirely.'\" In several places shell middens can be found on the island. Some of those have been carbon-dated to AD 1000–1500. The ruin of Teampaill Feichin, the medieval parish church, excavated from the sand in 1981, stands on the site of the abbey said to have been founded by Saint Feichín. Nearby is a Holy Well with a small shrine around it. The population of the island has diminished drastically from its maximum when hundreds of people lived there in the early 19th century. The National School (opened in 1883) closed in 1973. In 1988 there were just three households left. In 2003, the Irish Artist Sean Corcoran witnessed a strange creature in the lake that he describes as being similar to a Dobhar-chu (Master Otter). There is a graveyard on the island that is still in use today (Ula Bhreandain). The beach is the site of the annual Omey Races, reestablished in 2001. This horse racing event is held in late summer (July/August). The table below reports data on Omey Island's population taken from \"Discover the Islands of Ireland\" (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999) and the Census of Ireland. The last permanent resident of the island, stuntman Pascal Whelan, died in February 2017 aged 75. Omey Island Omey Island () is a tidal island situated near Claddaghduff on the western edge of Connemara in County Galway, Ireland. From the mainland the island is inconspicuous and almost hidden. It is possible to drive or walk across a large sandy strand to the island by following the arrowed signs. At high tide, the water is deep enough to cover a car. In the early-to-mid-1990s a team of archaeologists from University College Dublin"
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"retrieved": [
"Kosmos 176 Kosmos 176 ( meaning \"Cosmos 176\"), also known as DS-P1-Yu No.10 was a Soviet satellite which was used as a radar calibration target for tests of anti-ballistic missiles. It was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and launched in 1967 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. A Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 176 from Site 133/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The launch occurred at 17:00 UTC on 12 September 1967, and resulted in Kosmos 176's successful deployment into Low earth orbit. Kosmos 176 was operated in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , 81.9 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 100.74 minutes. It remained in orbit until it decayed and reentered the atmosphere on 3 March 1968. It was the tenth of seventy nine DS-P1-Yu satellites to be launched, and the ninth of seventy two to successfully reach orbit. Kosmos 176 Kosmos 176 ( meaning \"Cosmos 176\"), also known as DS-P1-Yu No.10 was a Soviet satellite which was used as a radar calibration target for tests of anti-ballistic missiles. It was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and launched in 1967 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme."
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"retrieved": [
"Superstar (Lupe Fiasco song) \"Superstar\" is a song performed by rapper Lupe Fiasco featuring Matthew Santos. It is the first single off his 2007 album \"Lupe Fiasco's The Cool\". iTunes released \"Superstar\" on September 25, 2007 along with a radio version of \"Dumb It Down.\" On November 5, 2007 the official video was released and it was directed by Hype Williams. It premiered on BET's \"106 & Park\" on November 23 and on February 19 it moved up to the number one spot on the countdown. As of December 31, it appeared at number 84 on BET's \"Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2007\" countdown. The song is featured on the soundtrack of NFL Tour and recently NHL 2K10. Star baseball player Hanley Ramírez used the song as his walk-up music at Florida Marlins home games. In the song Lupe yells \"FREE CHILLY\" that is a reference to another song on his album. The song \"Free Chilly\" is about Lupe's business partner \"Chilly\" who was sentenced to 44 years in jail during the recording of \"The Cool\". Most critics were positive towards the single. Complex ranked it at 95 on best songs of the decade. Bill Lamb, representing the music website About.com, awarded the song four-and-a-half stars, and gave primary praise to \"Lupe Fiasco's dense lyrical meditation on life in the spotlight\", \"Matthew Santos' haunting vocals\", and the \"immediate setup of the melodic hook\"; however, he did emphasize Santos' vocal delivery to be similar to that of Coldplay frontman Chris Martin — of which both Fiasco and Santos are reportedly fans — citing it as \"both\" a positive and negative characteristic of the song. Pitchfork, in an otherwise positive outlook, expressed a similar sentiment: \"The hooky first single [is] \"Superstar\", with Fiasco protégé Matthew Santos (who has probably heard a few Coldplay albums) playing Adam Levine to Fiasco's Kanye West\", thus comparing the song's style to that of \"Heard 'Em Say\", a Kanye West song released in 2005. However, music editor Nick Levine argues that \"the hazy, gospel-inflected chorus, sung by Chicago folkie Matthew Santos, is just as memorable, suggesting everyone but Kanye should be quaking in his diamond-studded Reeboks.\" Blues&Soul felt that the song \"blended Lupe's characteristic easy vocal flow with a pleasantly lumbering piano-led beat, a soulful hook, and the odd sample and sound effect.\" In a review for Yahoo Music, Jaime Gill wrote: \"'Superstar' is a melancholy look at celebrity, with Fiasco delivering a languid rap about the insecurities that linger behind fame's brittle armour. Its set to a low-key piano part and a piercing, haunting chorus sung by one Matthew Santos. In one brilliant line, Lupe describes the luxuries of celebrity while skewering its loneliness: \"chauffeur, chauffeur, come and take me away.\" It may be too subtle, slow and sad to be a hit in today's hip hop climate, which would be deeply depressing.\" On December 27, \"Superstar\" was moved to BBC Radio 1's A-List after being made Record of the Week by both Sara Cox and Jo Whiley. As a result, the song debuted on the UK Singles Chart in the top ten at number 7 on downloads alone, the next week, it climbed to its peak of number 4. It became Lupe Fiasco's highest charting single there to date, outperforming both of his previous biggest hits, \"Kick, Push\" and \"Daydreamin'\", both of which made the top thirty there. It peaked at #13 on the Billboard Pop Charts, and #10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Lupe Fiasco's first Top Ten single. It also surpassed the success of his first single on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, peaking at #19, and was his first song to appear on the Rhythmic Top 40, peaking at #8. The song was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the Grammy Awards of 2009. It was also nominated for 2008 Teen Choice Music: Rap/Hip-Hop Song award. Additionally, \"Superstar\" was the theme song of Fox8's Football Superstar. The video depicts a Mercedes-Benz S-Class stopping at the red carpet. Two girls leave the car. Director Hype Williams manages to slip in two characters from Lupe Fiasco's The Cool. The Cool with his characterizing skeleton hand and The Streets with her dollar signs in her eyes. The Cool apparently sold his soul to The Game for fame and fortune. In return, The Game's wife The Streets made him The Coolest and gave him the Mercedes as well as his bling and the gold key he has around his neck. The Video itself has been nominated for a MTV's VMA for Best Hip Hop Video. There is an official remix to the song, featuring Matthew Santos, Young Jeezy & T.I.. A recent performance on MTV was made, with Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy performing the vocals of the end of the song. A third version of the song was performed by Fiasco and Santos on BBC Radio and featured an entirely acoustic instrumental without any percussion accompaniment. It was unofficially released on the internet and later officially released (20 October 2008) on BBC \"Radio 1's Live Lounge – Volume 3\". Superstar (Lupe Fiasco song) \"Superstar\" is a song performed by rapper Lupe Fiasco featuring Matthew Santos. It is the first single off his 2007 album \"Lupe Fiasco's The Cool\". iTunes released \"Superstar\" on September 25, 2007 along with a radio version of \"Dumb It Down.\" On November 5, 2007 the official video was released"
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"Jakob Rosenfeld Jakob Rosenfeld (January 11, 1903 – April 22, 1952), more commonly known as General Luo, served as the Minister of Health in the 1947 Provisional Communist Military Government of China under Mao Zedong. Rosenfeld, a Jew born in Lemberg, the Austro-Hungarian Empire (today Lviv, Ukraine), was raised in Wöllersdorf near Wiener Neustadt. He graduated in medicine with a specialization in urology from Vienna University. After the Anschluss, Rosenfeld was deported to Dachau concentration camp and later to Buchenwald. In 1939, he was released and had to leave the country within two weeks. Since China did not require Jews to apply for a visa, he fled to the Shanghai Ghetto. From 1941 he served the Chinese Communist force as a field doctor for the New Fourth Army, the Eighth Route Army and the Northeast People's Liberation Army during the outbreak of Second Sino-Japanese war and Chinese civil war. He chose to remain in China after the fall of the Nazi regime and participated in the People's Liberation Army's march on Beijing before returning in 1949 to Europe to search for relatives, most of whom had perished in the Holocaust. He reunited with his sister in Austria in 1949. In 1950, after unsuccessfully attempting to return to China, he emigrated to Israel and was reunited with his brother. He died two years later after suffering heart failure. China has erected a statue in his honour, a hospital in Junan County, Shandong was named after him, and in 2006 a large exhibit was mounted in Beijing's National Museum of China in tribute to him. The museum exhibit in his honor was inaugurated by Chinese President Hu Jintao. A bronze memorial (from 1993) at the entrance of Unfallkrankenhaus (UKH) hospital in Graz, Austria depicts Rosenfeld. Jakob Rosenfeld Jakob Rosenfeld (January 11, 1903"
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"retrieved": [
"Laurie Dearle Laurie Dearle (16 October 1919 – 25 October 1979) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1940s. Dearle started his career with East Fremantle and in 1942 arrived at Essendon under a war time service permit. A premiership player in his debut season, Dearle kicked two goals as a centreman in the 1942 Grand Final win over Richmond. He appeared in another Grand Final the following season and finished on the losing team. In 1944 he kicked 23 goals for the year, over half of his final tally of career goals. Laurie Dearle Laurie Dearle (16 October 1919 – 25 October 1979) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1940s. Dearle started his career with East Fremantle and in 1942 arrived at Essendon under a war time service permit. A premiership player in his debut season, Dearle kicked two goals as a centreman in the 1942 Grand Final win over Richmond. He appeared in another Grand Final the following season and finished on the losing team. In 1944 he kicked 23 goals for the year, over half of"
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"Rikiwulf Rikiwulf (\"The rich and powerful wolf\" or \"The Ruler of the wolves\") was probably a member of the Wulfing dynasty. In the ninth century, he sailed with his Viking warriors down the river Lys in Flanders, and settled inter alia Rikiwulfinga-haim near Tielt, Rekkem near Menin, and Richebourg, Reclinghem, Racquinghem and Erquinghem-Lys in present Artois, France. He was possibly related to he Norwegian Viking Hrolf of Heidmark who was also a wulfing who had settled in Normandy, The wulfings were the ruling clan of the ancient Scandinavian Östergötland area. It is said that the famous Viking warrior Beowulf may likely have been from what was the Östergötland region (Sweden). Dr. Sam Newton, and Historians Boydell & Brewer proposed that the “Beowulf Saga” itself was composed in ancient Scandinavian Ostergland, inside the Wulfing Court. Rikiwulf Rikiwulf (\"The rich and powerful wolf\" or \"The Ruler of the wolves\") was probably a member of the Wulfing dynasty. In the ninth century, he sailed with his Viking warriors down the river Lys in Flanders, and settled inter alia Rikiwulfinga-haim near Tielt, Rekkem near Menin, and Richebourg, Reclinghem, Racquinghem and Erquinghem-Lys in present Artois, France. He was possibly related to he Norwegian Viking Hrolf"
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"Morelia spilota cheynei Morelia spilota cheynei, or the jungle carpet python, is a python subspecies found in the rainforests of Queensland, Australia. The specific name, \"cheynei\", is in honor of Cheyne Wellington. The type locality given is \"Ravenshoe, on the Atheron Tableland, north Queensland, in Lat. 17° 36' S, Long 145° 29' E\" (Australia). Adults of these medium-sized pythons typically measure 5–7 ft (1.5-2.1 m) in total length. However, wild caught females are known to grow to over . As with most species of snakes, females are typically larger than males. This is not, however, always the case. These semiarboreal snakes are strictly carnivorous. They feed on medium-sized rodents such as rats, mice, and baby rabbits in captivity. Morelia spilota cheynei Morelia spilota cheynei, or the jungle carpet python, is a python subspecies found in the rainforests of Queensland, Australia. The specific name, \"cheynei\", is in honor of Cheyne Wellington. The type locality given is \"Ravenshoe, on the Atheron Tableland, north Queensland, in Lat. 17° 36' S, Long 145° 29' E\" (Australia). Adults of these medium-sized pythons typically measure 5–7 ft (1.5-2.1 m) in total length. However, wild caught females are known to grow to over . As with most"
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"retrieved": [
"Bachelor of Information Technology A Bachelor of Information Technology (abbreviations BIT, BInfTech, B.Tech(IT) or BE(IT)) is an undergraduate academic degree that generally requires three to five years of study. While the degree has a major focus on computers and technology, it differs from a Computer Science degree in that students are also expected to study management and information science, and there are reduced requirements for mathematics. A degree in computer science can be expected to concentrate on the scientific aspects of computing, while a degree in information technology can be expected to concentrate on the business and communication applications of computing. There is more emphasis on these two areas in the e-commerce, e-business and business information technology undergraduate courses. Specific names for the degrees vary across countries, and even universities within countries. This is in contrast to a Bachelor of Science in Information Technology which is a bachelor's degree typically conferred after a period of three to four years of an undergraduate course of study in Information Technology (IT). The degree itself is a Bachelor of Science with institutions conferring degrees in the fields of information technology and related fields. In BIT is a three-year or four-year undergraduate degree. At the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), a BIT At the University of New South Wales a BIT is referred to as \"Business in Information technology\" and is also a co-op scholarship degree that lasts four years. At the University of Sydney a BIT is a four-year technical program, related to degrees such as Computer Science and Software Engineering. At Swinburne University of Technology, a BIT is a three-year co-op scholarship degree incorporating two six-month job placements. At RMIT University a BIT is offered as a three-year program, giving the student the choice of a majors These major are: Application Programming, Business Applications, Multimedia Design, Network Programming, System Administration and Web Systems The state of the BIT program in Australia is unstable, as many universities offer it as a technical program while others as a business, e-commerce related program. The Australian Computer Society recognizes all BIT degrees, however Engineers Australia only recognises BIT degrees that are technical. In Canada, Carleton University and Algonquin College have jointly created four programs under the Bachelor of Information Technology Degree; Interactive Multimedia & Design, Network Technology, Photonics & Laser Technology, and Information Resource Management. University of Ontario Institute of Technology also offers streams in Networking & Information Technology Security, and Game Development and Entrepreneurship. In India, the Bachelor of Information Technology is a 4-year undergraduate course. The course is divided into eight semesters, and the degree is awarded after completion of a four-year program. The degree is conferred by government and private institutions, as well as a host of other prestigious institutes (both public and privately funded) for their professional engineering programs. However, most other institutions in India use the Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.)/Bachelor of Engineering (BE) in IT degrees. Admission to the program is done through a nationwide entrance test. There is also a three-year course which awards a B.Sc degree at the end of the program. Some universities even offer a B.Sc IT course either through regular programs or through distance-learning courses. However, there is not much as demand for the B.Sc. course as there is for the B.Tech or BE IT courses. There are some top colleges in India for IT degree like IIT's,NIT's,Vjti,ModernCOE and Coep The Polytechnic of Namibia offers a 3-year degree in IT in three areas of specialization: Business Computing, system administration and networks & software development In the Netherlands Bachelor of Information and Communication Technology degrees are awarded after four years of study and the completion of a thesis with a specialization in a certain field such as Informatics, Computer Engineering, Information Science or Software Engineering. The formal title awarded to a student after successfully defending his thesis before an examination committee is ingenieur (abbr. ing.) and B.ICT, the former being the Dutch equivalent of a Bachelor of Engineering degree. In the Iran Bachelor of Information Technology degrees are awarded after four years of study and the completion of a thesis with a specialization in a certain field such as e-learning, computer networks, information security, data mining, software development, e-commerce In Iran, Sharif University of Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) and University of Tehran are specified universities holding this course in Bsc and Msc. Also, Tehran Virtual University and Noure-Touba Virtual University are virtual learning where hold IT course in Iran. In Iran, Students whom graduated from this course has been passed subjects about Data Structures, Algorithm Design, Computer Networking, Artificial Intelligence, Database Concepts, Operating Systems, Computer Architecture, Software Engineering, Management Theories, Engineering Economics and... In South Africa the University of Pretoria offers the Baccalaureus in Information Technology (BIT) degree as a four-year undergraduate programme. The University of Pretoria is also the first university in South Africa to offer this degree. Upon successful completion of a BIT degree a student can continue with either a part-time or full-time MIT programme at the University of Pretoria to round off his or her professional training or enter the workforce. The BIT course includes, but is not limited to, the following subjects: Business Management, Economics, Statistics, Mathematics, English, Programming and Advanced Programming, Systems Development, Philosophy, Financial Accounting, Data Structures and Algorithms, Operating Systems, Databases, Networks, Artificial Intelligence, Information Organization and Retrieval, Computer Architecture, Software Engineering, Multimedia. As an alternative to BIT, the University of Pretoria's Computer Science Department offers two three-year degrees, BSc CS and BSc IT. In Sri Lanka, Bachelor of Information Technology (BIT) is 3 year undergraduate degree without any specialization, mostly awarded as an external degree. The University of Colombo School of Computing (UCSC) and the Faculty of Information Technology of the University of Moratuwa offers the three year external degree programmes leading to Bachelor of Information Technology (External). It was first introduced UCSC in 2000, it incorporates e-learning. The Faculty of Applied Science of the Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna (VCUoJ) and the Faculty of Applied Science of the Rajarata University offers the three year internal degree programmes leading to Bachelor of Information & Communication Technology (BICT) which mostly are 3 years without a specialization or 4 years with a specialization. The University of Colombo School of Computing, used to award a BICT which has since been renamed as Bachelor of Information Systems (BIS). In Bangladesh, University of Dhaka and Jahangirnagar University offer 4 years bachelor degree in Information Technology. Bachelor of Information Technology A Bachelor of Information Technology (abbreviations BIT, BInfTech, B.Tech(IT) or BE(IT)) is an undergraduate academic degree that generally requires"
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"retrieved": [
"John Gadsden John Gadsden was the twenty-eighth mayor of Charleston, South Carolina, serving two terms from 1827 to 1829. John Gadsden was born on March 4, 1787, to Philip Gadsden (1761–1824) and Catherine (Edwards) Gadsden (1766–1816). He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1819 and was the U.S. Attorney for South Carolina from 1820 to 1831. On September 3, 1827, Gadsden was elected to a second term as intendent of Charleston, defeating N.G. Cleary by a vote of 655 to 281. He died January 24, 1831, and he is buried at St. Philip's Church in Charleston, South Carolina. John Gadsden John Gadsden was the twenty-eighth mayor of Charleston, South Carolina, serving two terms from 1827 to 1829. John Gadsden was born on March 4, 1787, to Philip Gadsden (1761–1824) and Catherine (Edwards) Gadsden (1766–1816). He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1819 and was the U.S. Attorney for South Carolina from 1820 to 1831. On September 3, 1827, Gadsden was elected to a second term as intendent of Charleston, defeating N.G. Cleary by a vote of 655 to 281. He died January 24, 1831, and he is buried at St."
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"retrieved": [
"David Cousins Air Chief Marshal Sir David Cousins, is a retired senior Royal Air Force (RAF) commander. Cousins joined the RAF in 1961 and spent three years at Royal Air Force College Cranwell. He then had a number of operational flying tours, initially flying Lightnings in the air defence role in the UK and with RAF Germany and then Buccaneers for RAF Germany. In 1983 he became Station Commander at RAF Laarbruch, home to two RAF Squadrons flying Jaguars and Tornados. He then held a number of staff appointments in air plans, operational requirements and operations. Following attendance at the Royal College of Defence Studies, he held a number of senior air rank positions on the Air Staff at the Ministry of Defence, in the MoD Procurement Executive, as Commandant of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell and, from 1994, as Air Officer Commanding No. 38 (Transport) Group. He was appointed Air Member for Personnel on the Air Force Board and Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Personnel and Training Command in May 1995 and served in that role until he retired in August 1998. Cousins has served as Honorary Air Commodore of No. 7630 (Volunteer Reserve) Intelligence Squadron, Royal Auxiliary Air Force since August 2008: the unit provides support for intelligence analysis and briefings. He has also served as the controller of the RAF Benevolent Fund. He is married to Maggie. He has three children. David Cousins Air Chief Marshal Sir David Cousins, is a retired senior Royal Air Force (RAF) commander. Cousins joined the RAF in 1961 and spent three years at Royal Air Force College Cranwell. He then had a number of operational flying tours, initially flying Lightnings in the air defence role in the UK and with RAF Germany and then Buccaneers for RAF Germany. In 1983 he became"
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"retrieved": [
"Irving (band) Irving is an American indie rock band. It was founded by Alex Church, later of Sea Wolf, Brian Canning and Steven Scott in 1998, after playing together for the first time at an arts festival. Soon after, they added keyboardist Shana Levy and Brent Turner; Levy remained with the group until 2003, when Aaron Burrows joined. Rather than having a frontman, the vocal and songwriting aspects are shared by at least three people. They acquired modest popularity after airplay on MTV2 for the song \"Situation\" in spring 2006. Members Aaron Burrows, Brian Canning, Steven Scott and Brent Turner formed the band Afternoons along with, Grammy Award winning producer Tom Biller, and multi-instrumentalist Sam Johnson. Irving (band) Irving is an American indie rock band. It was founded by Alex Church, later of Sea Wolf, Brian Canning and Steven Scott in 1998, after playing together for the first time at an arts festival. Soon after, they added keyboardist Shana Levy and Brent Turner; Levy remained with the group until 2003, when Aaron Burrows joined. Rather than having a frontman, the vocal and songwriting aspects are shared by at least three people. They acquired modest popularity after airplay on MTV2 for"
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"retrieved": [
"Phil Parkes (footballer, born 1950) Philip Benjamin Neil Frederick Parkes (born 8 August 1950, Sedgley, Staffordshire, England) is a former football goalkeeper. He was a pupil at Dormston School from September 1961 to December 1965. Beginning his football career at Walsall, turning professional in 1968, he made over 50 appearances in the Black Country before moving to London, signing for Queens Park Rangers for £15,000 in June 1970. His QPR debut was on Saturday 22 August 1970 in a 3–1 defeat at home to Leicester City. Parkes was part of the QPR team that reached the last eight of the FA Cup in 1974 and were League runners-up to Liverpool in 1976. Many observers consider that side, managed by Dave Sexton, the finest team never to have won the League. His club career at QPR spanned 344 league appearances (406 in all competitions). He gained his only England cap during this period, against Portugal in 1974. Parkes was sold to West Ham United in 1979 for £565,000, a world record for a goalkeeper at the time. It is reported that Sexton, who by then was manager of Manchester United, put in six bids for the player but saw them all turned down. It was only the half-million-pound bid from West Ham United that QPR chairman Jim Gregory could not resist. Upon John Lyall's signing of Parkes it was thought that he was a huge risk due to the severity of the condition of his knees but his signing was to pay off as Parkes was to remain first choice keeper for the next ten years. Despite this longevity, however, he only ever gained one piece of silverware, when West Ham beat Arsenal 1–0 to win the 1980 FA Cup Final. Parkes appeared as himself in Thunderbolt and Smokey! in the boys' comic \"Eagle\" in 1982, giving a coaching session to a schoolboy striker who was having to play in goal in a cup semi-final due to the regular keeper being injured. Although Parkes collected just one major trophy during his long playing career, his time at Upton Park saw him come close to picking up honours more than once later on in the 1980s. He was on the losing side in the 1981 Football League Cup Final against Liverpool, the same year that he collected a Second Division title medal as the Hammers returned to the First Division after three years away. In 1983–84, the Hammers were in the title race mid season but fell away to finish ninth. They re-emerged as title challengers in 1985–86 and were in the hunt for the title right up to the end of April, finally finishing third. He also helped them reach the League Cup semi-finals in 1988–89, but it was a disappointing season for the Hammers who were then relegated to the Second Division. Parkes had sat out much of the season despite new signing Allen McKnight making many mistakes before Parkes was finally reinstated as first choice. Parkes finished his West Ham career having played exactly the same number of league games for them as he had for QPR – 344. In 1990, he left the Hammers on a free transfer after 11 years and linked up with John Lyall who had returned to management at Ipswich Town. He played three league games in 1990–91 and moved into coaching. In 2003, an official West Ham United members poll for the greatest West Ham XI named him as the team's goalkeeper, beating Ludek Miklosko to that position. He is considered by QPR supporters to be one of the three best goalkeepers in the club's history, the others being Reg Allen and David Seaman. Parkes had great ability, and was unfortunate to only ever win one England cap. He would have won a second soon after his first as, during a game against Wales in 1976, the manager Don Revie said Parkes would play the second half, but at half-time with the score still at 0–0 Revie decided to keep Ray Clemence on. After the game Parkes went home and said to his wife he would never make himself available for England again. West Ham United In 2014, Parkes received treatment for Dukes stage A bowel cancer. Phil Parkes (footballer, born 1950) Philip Benjamin Neil Frederick Parkes (born 8 August 1950, Sedgley, Staffordshire, England) is a former football goalkeeper. He was a pupil at Dormston School from September 1961 to December 1965. Beginning his football career at Walsall, turning professional in 1968, he made over 50 appearances in the Black Country before moving to London, signing for Queens Park Rangers for £15,000 in June 1970. His QPR debut was on Saturday 22 August 1970 in a 3–1 defeat at home to Leicester City. Parkes was part of the QPR team that reached the"
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"retrieved": [
"Rotaliana Rotaliana is a subclass of benthic Foraminifera with multichambered tests of perforate hyaline calcite. Tests may be planospiral, low or high trochospiral, or serial. Interiors may be complex with secondary chambers and interconnecting canal systems. Rotaliana are separate from the planktonic Globigerinana although both have tests of similar composition. The Textulariana, which contains forms that are rather similar, differs in be agglutinated. Sixteen orders are included (Mikhalevich, 1980) among which are the Asterigerinida, Bolivinitida, Discorbida, and Rotaliida. Loeblich and Tappan (1988), with Foraminifera an order, lists 24 superfamilies within the suborder Rotaliina, which are equivalent to or contained within the orders of the Rotaliina Mikhalevich. Forminiferal Genera and Their Classification Rotaliana Rotaliana is a subclass of benthic Foraminifera with multichambered tests of perforate hyaline calcite. Tests may be planospiral, low or high trochospiral, or serial. Interiors may be complex with secondary chambers and interconnecting canal systems. Rotaliana are separate from the planktonic Globigerinana although both have tests of similar composition. The Textulariana, which contains forms that are rather similar, differs in be agglutinated. Sixteen orders are included (Mikhalevich, 1980) among which are the Asterigerinida, Bolivinitida, Discorbida, and Rotaliida. Loeblich and Tappan (1988), with Foraminifera an order, lists 24 superfamilies"
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"retrieved": [
"Ning Zetao Ning Zetao ( or \"Níng Zétāo\"; or ; born 6 March 1993) is a Chinese competitive swimmer. Specializing in the freestyle, he won a gold medal in the 100 metre freestyle at the 2015 World Championships. At the 2014 Asian Games, he won gold medals in the 50 metre freestyle, 4 × 100 metre medley relay, 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay, and 100 metre freestyle, breaking the Asian records in the latter two events. Ning also swam for China at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Ning Zetao was born in Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan. He is the only child of Ning Feng (宁锋) and Liu Wenhong (刘文红).Ning’s father Ning Feng served four years in the air force reserve prior to working for a state broadcasting company; his mother, Liu Wenhong served in the Chinese People's Armed Police Force; both of his grandfathers also served in the Chinese military. Ning started swimming at age 8. Before then, he even feared hair-washing. His parents took him to a swimming school to help him overcome his fear of water and to improve his physical health. Local coach Guo Hongyan noticed Ning’s quick grasp on learning different strokes and techniques. She persuaded Ning’s parents to have him trained under her. At age 11, Ning Zetao became a member of Henan provincial swimming team. At age 14, Ning was accepted to the PLA Navy's swimming team; he started training under Ye Jin, a well-known coach who remains his coach today. Initially, he trained for the 200-meter and 400-meter individual medley races. Because he suffered from chronic bone calcification on his right knee, he switched from individual medley to sprint freestyle. Following his family's military background, Ning served as a lieutenant in the Chinese Navy. Ning idolizes Alexander Popov as his role model. At the age of sixteen, Ning competed in his first National games. He advanced to the 400-meter medley final and finished in 8th place. This was his first time competing in a sprint freestyle event. He advanced to the 100-meter free final and finished 4th with a time of 50.05. Lv Zhiwu from Team Zhejiang finished in first place with a time of 49.46. Ning defeated two-time defending champion Lv Zhiwu, winning his first national championship in the 100-meter free in his hometown, setting the new national record with a time of 48.60 on April 5, 2013. He also won first place in the 50-meter free with a record time of 22.41 on April 7, 2013. This event marks the beginning of his dominance in sprint freestyle in China. He broke his own record time in the 100-meter free, establishing a new Asian record at 48.27 on September 8; the very next day, he continued his record breaking performance, setting a new Asian record for the 50-meter free at 21.91. Ning placed first in both the 100-meter free with a time of 48.41, and the 50-meter free with a time of 22.20 on October 13 and 14, respectively. He also won silver in the 4 × 100-meter free relay. His record breaking streak earned him a spot in Chinese national swimming team. On October 26, Ning won a gold medal in 50-meter butterfly with a time of 24.13. Due to a fever, however, he did not compete in any other events. Competing for the Chinese Liberation Army, Ning earned a gold medal in the 100-meter free, setting a new CISM world record at 48.48. He won another gold in the men’s 50-meter free. He was not in his best physical state at the games due to a wrist injury sustained a few months prior to the competition. The 2014 Incheon Asian games was the first major championship outside China he competed in. September 23, Ning earned his first gold in the 50-meter free in an Asian Games with a time of 21.95. On September 25, he beat South Korea's Park Tae-hwan and Japan's Shioura Shinri setting the new Asian record time of 47.70 in the 100-meter free; he was the first Asian swimmer to break the 48-second barrier. On September 24, in the men's 4 × 100-meter free relay, teamed with Yu Hexin, Lin Yongqing, Sun Yang, Ning swam the fourth leg and ensured China finished in first place and set a new Asian record with a time of 3:13.47. On September 26, in the men's 4 × 100-meter medley relay, with Xu Jiayu, Li Xiang, Li Zhuhao, swimming the fourth leg, Ning overtook strong rival, Japan's Shioura Shinri in the last 50 meters and helped China win gold in a time of 3:31:37, but failed to break the Asian record. Continuing his dominance in the freestyle sprints, Ning broke his previous Incheon Asian record of 47.70 in the 100-meter free with a new time of 47.65 on October 17. He also won a silver medal in the 50-meter butterfly with a time of 23.65. Due to food poisoning, he did not compete in the 50-meter free event. At the 2014 world cup meet in Beijing, Yu Hexin, Suo Ran, Lu Ying, with Ning swam the fourth leg in the mixed 4 × 50-meter medley relay, finished in first place with a time of 1:40.10. In the 50-meter free final, he placed in third with a time of 21.35. Chad le Clos of South Africa won first place with a time of 21.28. At the 2014 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Doha, again with Ning swimming the final leg in the mixed 4 × 50-meter medley relay, China finished in the 6th place, but Ning recorded a split-time of 20.59. In the men’s 4 × 100-meter free relay heats, he swam the second leg with a time of 46.13, putting China in 10th place overall. In the 50-meter free heat, he reached a personal best of 21.26 and finished in 12th place in the semi-final with a time of 21.37. Due to a wrist injury, he did not compete in the 100-meter free final. This national swimming event served as Chinese swimmers' qualifying selection for the 16th FINA World Aquatics Championships held in Kazan, Russia. From April 12 to April 15, Ning competed in two events: 100-meter freestyle and 50-meter freestyle. In the 100-meter freestyle semifinal, he finished first with a time of 48.34. In the final, he recorded a time of 48.36 and a reaction time of 0.72 winning the first place. Yu Hexin finished 2nd with a time of 49.11. Both swimmers meet the 16th FINA 100-meter freestyle Level A qualifying time of 49.39. In the 50-meter freestyle semifinal, Ning recorded a time of 22.31 with reaction time of 0.62; in the final, he finished in first place with a time of 22.17 and a reaction time of 0.72. Again, Yu Hexin finished in the 2nd place with a time of 22.47. Ning has met 16th FINA’S Level A qualifying time of 22.25 for this event. In an interview with CCTV5 Sports, Ning confirmed that he had not fully recovered from his wrist injury and was hoping to undergo more effective treatment in preparation for the upcoming World Championships. He also expressed in this interview his desire to train overseas. Competing for the Chinese National swimming team, Ning with teammates Yu Hexin, Lin Yongqing and Jiang Qiheng competed in the 4 × 100-meter freestyle relay on Aug 2. He swam the first leg and led the Chinese team to advance to the final, marking the first time a Chinese men's team reached this far in this event at the FINA World Aquatics Championships. China finished 7th in the final with a time of 3:15:41. Ning’s lead-off time of 48.37 made him the tied 2nd best among the lead-off legs in this event. On Aug 5th, Ning competed in the 100-meter freestyle heats. Ning finished in first place with a time of 48.11. In the semifinals, Ning delivered another solid performance with a time of 48.13, coming in 2nd place. On Aug 6th, in the 100-meter freestyle final, Ning gave his best performance, taking the lead at 50 meters and finishing in first place with a time of 47.84 (RT: 0.67, 1st 50 meters: 22.76), 0.09 seconds ahead of Cameron McEvoy who finished in 2nd place. Ning winning the gold marked a milestone achievement in the Chinese swimming, as prior to Ning's victory, no Asian swimmer had ever advanced to the final or won medals in this event at the FINA world championships. Legendary Russian swimmer Alexander Popov presented Ning with the gold medal; Ning had been a longtime fan of Popov and has expressed his",
"in the 100-meter freestyle heats. Ning finished in first place with a time of 48.11. In the semifinals, Ning delivered another solid performance with a time of 48.13, coming in 2nd place. On Aug 6th, in the 100-meter freestyle final, Ning gave his best performance, taking the lead at 50 meters and finishing in first place with a time of 47.84 (RT: 0.67, 1st 50 meters: 22.76), 0.09 seconds ahead of Cameron McEvoy who finished in 2nd place. Ning winning the gold marked a milestone achievement in the Chinese swimming, as prior to Ning's victory, no Asian swimmer had ever advanced to the final or won medals in this event at the FINA world championships. Legendary Russian swimmer Alexander Popov presented Ning with the gold medal; Ning had been a longtime fan of Popov and has expressed his admiration of Popov on numerous occasions. In the interview after the race, Ning credited his success to the six weeks he spent training under Australian Coach Matthew Brown. On Aug 7th, Ning raced in the men’s 50-meter freestyle, finishing in 14th place with a time of 22.43 and advancing to the semifinal. He came in 15th place in the semifinal with a time of 22.28 and failed to advance to the final. These were Ning's first Olympic Games. In individual events, Ning finished in 30th place in the Men's 50 metre freestyle and in 12th place in the Men's 100 metre freestyle. In the relay races, due to teammates' false starts, Ning finished as disqualifications both in the Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay and Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay. Key: AS = Asian Record, NR = National Record In April 2011, eighteen-year old Ning was tested positive for clenbuterol, which led to a one-year suspension. He filed an appeal to overturn the ban, but was denied. Ning received the CCTV Sports Award for Best Male Athlete in 2014 for his achievements in sprint freestyle. Ning won the Best Male Athlete of the Year again in 2015 at CCTV Sports Personality of Year Award for his gold winning performance at the 16th FINA World Championships in Kazan, Russia. Since 2014 Incheon Asian Games, Ning has gained great popularity nationwide, having become the spokesperson for Skullcandy, China and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Co., FitBit China, Gillette China, De Beers China, Alexander Wang and Adidas. The Chinese National Swimming team has endorsement deals with 361 Degrees, Chinese automaker Geely and Midea. Ning often appears in advertisements or promotional events alongside other members of the Chinese National Swimming Team. Ning, as a very popular swimming icon nationwide, he has various appearances in magazine covers, commercial posters and TV shows. But after 2016 Summer Olympics, the conflict between Ning and General Administration of Sport broken out. General Administration of Sport strongly criticized Ning's overmuch off-the-court activities. Some gossips even claim that Ning will be expelled from the National Team. But Ning also complained his pressure and upset. On the other hand, Ning signed a new contract with Adidas in January 2017. He is often called \"Baozi\" by friends, teammates and fans. The name is a reference to his ample cheeks at the time he joined the Navy swimming team, as well as his love for the food he was nicknamed after. His fans and Weibo followers also call him Lieutenant Ning, in reference to his Navy rank. He was voted as the \"most attractive male athlete\" at the Incheon Asian Games. Known for his physical beauty, charisma, and athletic achievement, he has gained a large number of online followers and has been the subject of much online attention. As of August 2015, his Weibo follower count has exceeded 2.8 million. As of September 2016,his weibo follower count exceeded 7.7 million. Ning Zetao Ning Zetao ( or \"Níng Zétāo\"; or ; born 6 March 1993) is a Chinese competitive swimmer. Specializing in the freestyle, he won a gold medal in the 100 metre freestyle at the 2015 World Championships. At the 2014 Asian Games, he won gold medals in the 50 metre freestyle, 4 × 100 metre medley relay, 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay, and 100 metre freestyle, breaking the Asian records in the latter two events. Ning also swam for"
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"Burnside railway station Burnside railway station serves the Burnside and Blairbeth areas of the Royal Burgh of Rutherglen, South Lanarkshire, Greater Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by Abellio ScotRail and is located on the Newton branch of the Cathcart Circle Lines, which has been electrified since 1962 by British Railways. This is the busiest railway station on the Newton branch. The station was opened by the Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway on 1 August 1904. Later taken over by the Caledonian Railway, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at the 1923 Grouping and subsequently the Scottish Region of British Railways at nationalisation in 1948. B.R electrified the line through the station in 1962, when the section beyond was closed - since that time, all services have run to/from Glasgow only, though it became possible to travel there via both sides of the Circle following track alterations in the Carthcart area carried out as part of the modernisation work. Access to this station is by one of two railway bridges and as a result there is no disabled access to trains from here. A single waiting room serves both platforms. The ticket office is only open on Mondays to Saturdays. Customer information screens are also available at this station. A help point is available, like on every other ScotRail station in Glasgow. Automatic announcements have recently been fitted at this station as well as all the stations on the Cathcart Circle. There is no dedicated car park, but six cycle storage places are available. Following the electrification of the West Coast Main Line by British Rail, the basic service was: Following the opening of the Argyle Line in November 1979 by British Rail, services on the Cathcart Circle were reorganised. The basic service was: Burnside railway station"
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"Lana Zakocela Lana Zakocela (born ) is a Latvian fashion model based in Paris. Zakocela was born in Daugavpils, Latvia. At the age of 16, she moved to England. She studied in Chatham Grammar School for Boys and Institute of Integrative Nutrition. Zakocela has appeared in some advertising for Garnier, Dior, Clarins, Lancaster, and Thierry Mugler, Lancôme, Cartier, and Graff. She appeared in a supplemental piece about parties in \"Vogue\" Taiwan in 2013. Zakocela was featured in 2015 for a Spanish advert for Antonio Banderas' fragrance \"Queen of Seduction\". She was \"Maxim\"s May 2017 cover girl. In 2015, Zakocela, married entrepreneur and diplomat Justin Etzin in a lavish wedding in Seychelles. Etzin filed for an uncontested divorce in February 2017, but Zakocela contested, wanting a large financial settlement. The couple are still married and negotiating a divorce settlement. Lana Zakocela Lana Zakocela (born ) is a Latvian fashion model based in Paris. Zakocela was born in Daugavpils, Latvia. At the age of 16, she moved to England. She studied in Chatham Grammar School for Boys and Institute of Integrative Nutrition. Zakocela has appeared in some advertising for Garnier, Dior, Clarins, Lancaster, and Thierry Mugler, Lancôme, Cartier, and Graff. She appeared"
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"The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation is a Chicago based jazz organ trio composed of jazz guitarist Bobby Broom, Hammond B3 organist Ben Paterson and drummers Makaya McCraven or Kobie Watkins. Broom is a three-time DownBeat Critics Poll honoree for his work as one of the top jazz guitarists in the world, McCraven and Watkins also perform with Broom's main group, The Bobby Broom Trio. Broom formed the group in 2014 after a call by Steely Dan's Walter Becker and Donald Fagen for the Deep Blue Organ Trio which had disbanded following the rock group's 2013 tour. The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation opened for Steely Dan on their Jamalot Ever After 2014 national tour that spanned 52 dates, and 43 cities, across the United States and Canada. The group is the evolution of Broom's passion for the concept of the guitar-organ-drum trio established by, among others, the ground-breaking Jazz legend Wes Montgomery with his landmark 1959 album \"\" The group includes: Bobby Broom, Ben Paterson a Philadelphia-born jazz organist based in New York City, and drummer Makaya McCraven or Kobie Watkins. The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation is a Chicago based jazz organ trio composed of jazz"
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"Masters M70 hammer throw world record progression Masters M70 hammer throw world record progression is the progression of world record improvements of the hammer throw M70 division of Masters athletics. Records must be set in properly conducted, official competitions under the standing IAAF rules unless modified by World Masters Athletics. <section begin=M70HAMMER /> The M70 division consists of male athletes who have reached the age of 70 but have not yet reached the age of 75, so exactly from their 70th birthday to the day before their 75th birthday. The M70 division throws a 4 kg implement. <section end=M70HAMMER /> Masters Athletics Hammer Throw list Masters M70 hammer throw world record progression Masters M70 hammer throw world record progression is the progression of world record improvements of the hammer throw M70 division of Masters athletics. Records must be set in properly conducted, official competitions under the standing IAAF rules unless modified by World Masters Athletics. <section begin=M70HAMMER /> The M70 division consists of male athletes who have reached the age of 70 but have not yet reached the age of 75, so exactly from their 70th birthday to the day before their 75th birthday. The M70 division throws a 4"
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"retrieved": [
"Lady Huang Lady Huang, also known in fiction and folklore as Huang Yueying, was the wife of Zhuge Liang, the chancellor and regent of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was a woman renowned for her intelligence in astronomy, geography, military strategy and engineering. She has helped the Shu kingdom countless times. Her name was not recorded in history; \"Huang Yueying\" is simply a fictional name. The only mention of Lady Huang in historical sources was in the \"Xiangyang Ji\" (襄陽記; \"Records of Xiangyang\"). In the fifth century, the account was added as an annotation by Pei Songzhi to Zhuge Liang's biography in the historical text \"Records of the Three Kingdoms\", which was written by Chen Shou two centuries earlier. The account stated that Huang Chengyan once told Zhuge Liang: \"I heard you are looking for a wife. I have an ugly daughter with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent matches yours.\" Zhuge Liang then married Huang Chengyan's daughter. At the time, there was a saying in their village: \"Don't be like Kongming when you choose a wife. He ended up with [Huang Chengyan]'s ugly daughter.\" A story tells that Huang Yueying challenged her suitors to visit her personally by claiming that she was ugly. In the event that a suitor would visit her, she would hide herself under veils as a quiet dare to test their resolve. When Zhuge Liang came to her, her figure was silhouetted by moonlight and her head was covered with two red veils. Unlike other men, Zhuge Liang entered her room alone and did not hesitate in removing her disguises. As he removed the first veil from her face, he calmly stated that her ugliness was a misunderstanding by her father. Zhuge Liang was then rewarded by Huang Yueying's joyful visage and gratification. A memorial for her exists in her supposed hometown of Huangjiawan (黄家湾) in Yao'an Village (姚庵村) outside Xiangyang. Huang Yueying is featured as a playable character in Koei's \"Dynasty Warriors\" and \"Warriors Orochi\" video game series. She is referred to as \"Yue Ying\" in the games up to \"Dynasty Warriors 7\". Since \"Dynasty Warriors Next\" (on PS Vita) and \"Warriors Orochi 3\", she is referred to as \"Yueying\" instead. She also appears in other games produced by Koei, such as \"Kessen II\" and all instalments of the \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" strategy game series. She also appears in various other video games, such as \"Hou Feng San Guo Online\", \"Zong Heng San Guo Online\", \"Meng Jiang Zhuan Online\", and \"Qun Ying Fu Online\". She is portrayed by Gui Gui in the Taiwanese television drama \"K.O.3an Guo\", which spoofs the historical novel \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" in a modern high school setting. Lady Huang Lady Huang, also known in fiction and folklore as Huang Yueying, was the wife of Zhuge Liang, the chancellor and regent of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was a"
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"retrieved": [
"AIDS amendments of 1988 AIDS amendments of 1988, better known as the \"Health Omnibus Programs Extension (HOPE) Act of 1988\", is a United States statute amending the Public Health Service Act. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome amendments were compiled as \"Title II - Programs with Respect to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome\" within the HOPE Act of 1988. The Title II Act appropriated federal funding for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) education, prevention, research, and testing. The U.S. legislative title provisioned the establishment of the presidentially appointed National Commission on AIDS. The S. 2889 legislation was passed by the 100th U.S. Congressional session and signed by the 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan on November 4, 1988. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was officially recognized on June 5, 1981, when the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a clinical article in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. The CDC article acknowledged five young males in the Los Angeles, California, area who were infected with the cytomegalovirus and an infrequent form of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP). On July 3, 1981, The New York Times published a report concerning forty-one males with scarce cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in California and New York. By the close of 1981, there had been two hundred and seventy cases of severe immune deficiency cases in males across the United States. Of the two hundred and seventy cases, one hundred and twenty-one of those cases resulted in mortality rates in the United States. On April 13, 1982, the first U.S. congressional hearings were conducted on the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome by U.S. Representative Henry Waxman. By September, U.S. Representatives Phillip Burton and Henry Waxman provided U.S. legislation to fund five million for opportunistic infection surveillance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ten million for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome research by the National Institutes of Health. The 1982 U.S. Congressional deliberations concluded on December 17, 1982, when the 97th Congressional session passed the Orphan Drug Act of 1983. The AIDS amendments established policy for five primary elements with respect to the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS amendments of 1988 AIDS amendments of 1988, better known as the \"Health Omnibus Programs Extension (HOPE) Act of 1988\", is a United States statute amending the Public Health Service Act. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome amendments were compiled as \"Title II - Programs with"
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"retrieved": [
"The Flower Kings The Flower Kings are a Swedish progressive rock band formed in 1994 by guitarist and singer-songwriter Roine Stolt. The group began as Stolt's touring band to support his third solo album \"The Flower King\". They continued performing after the tour and have gone on to become one of the most prolific studio recording units in progressive rock, having released nearly twenty hours of music spread across twelve studio albums. Their music is similar to early symphonic progressive rock groups such as Yes, marked by sharp dynamic changes, polyrhythmics, heavy bass, vocal harmonies, abstract and occasionally nonsensical lyrics, and extended song lengths. In early 1993, guitarist and singer Roine Stolt had written material for his third solo album \"The Flower King\" and sought for musicians to perform it. He had wanted to release a progressive rock-style album for a while and felt the time was right to pursue the project. The album features Stolt on vocals, guitar, bass and keyboards, Jaime Salazar on drums, and Hasse Fröberg on vocals, and was recorded in Sweden between May 1993 and January 1994. In preparation for Stolt's concert tour to support the album's release, Stolt, Salazar, and Fröberg were joined by Stolt's brother Michael on bass and Tomas Bodin on keyboards. The five performed their first gig on 20 August 1994 at an outdoor festival in Uppsala, Stolt's hometown and the city where \"The Flower King\" was recorded. After they decided to become a full time band, they officially adopted the name The Flower Kings, named after Stolt's album. Stolt had produced a list of potential titles for the record, one of which was \"The Flower King\", and chose it because of its positive meaning and its reference to the hippie era of the 1960s. After performing a series of concerts through 1994, the band entered the studio in December 1994 to record their debut album, \"Back in the World of Adventures\". The recording process was gradual, finishing in September 1995. In 2000, Michael Stolt was replaced by Jonas Reingold. Two years later, Salazar was replaced by Zoltan Csörsz. Daniel Gildenlöw of Pain of Salvation joined the band the same year as a multi-instrumentalist and vocalist. Other contributors have included Hasse Bruniusson (percussion) and Ulf Wallander (saxophone). Stolt has written the vast majority of the material the band has recorded, with Bodin contributing most of the rest. The music is best described as symphonic progressive rock, bearing a strong resemblance to the music of Yes, King Crimson, Gentle Giant, and early Genesis, with jazz fusion and blues influences. The band's lyrics are almost uniformly positive and uplifting, affirming such values as love, peace, and spirituality, and furthering their association with Yes. Their 1999 album \"Flower Power\" contains the eighteen-section, almost 60-minute \"Garden of Dreams\". In June 2007 they released \"The Road Back Home\", a compilation of remixed songs from 1994 to 2006, plus \"Little Deceiver\" (a previously unreleased track) and the full version of their cover of \"The Cinema Show\" by Genesis. Zoltan Csörsz was replaced by new drummer Marcus Liliequist for one album, but returned for the 2007 album, \"The Sum of No Evil\". He was subsequently replaced by Erik Hammarström in 2008. In 2008, Ola Heden, previously of Reingold's side project Karmakanic, joined on guitar, vocals and keyboards. In November 2008 the band were the opening act of the Ecco Prog Fest in Moscow. After touring in 2008, The Flower Kings were inactive for four years. Stolt felt the band had varied levels of focus in their direction and had started to feel lost. They reunited in 2011 to work on new material after Stolt felt it was the right time and sensed eagerness from the other members to work together. This marked the arrival of 27-year-old German drummer Felix Lehrmann. \"Banks of Eden\", the group's eleventh album, was released in June 2012 and was recorded with analogue recording techniques and styles during the height of vinyl records. This was followed by \"Desolation Rose\" in October 2013. In December 2017, the first part of a career-spanning box set titled A Kingdom of Colours was released. This first box, with 10 discs, covers the period from 1995-2002 and includes the studio albums from Back in the World of Adventures to Unfold the Future. The second box set, titled A Kingdom of Colours 2 and covering the albums Adam and Eve through to Desolation Rose was released in June 2018. In September 2018, Stolt announced a new album named \"Manifesto of an Alchemist\" will be released on November 23. The album will not feature long-time keyboardist Tomas Bodin, and as such it is credited to \"Roine Stolt's The Flower King\" rather than \"The Flower Kings\" Current members Former members Guest musicians Studio albums Live albums Official bootlegs Fan Club albums Compilations Box Sets The Flower Kings The Flower Kings are a Swedish progressive rock band formed in 1994 by guitarist and singer-songwriter Roine Stolt. The group began as Stolt's touring band to support his third solo album \"The Flower King\". They continued performing after the tour and have gone on to become one of the most prolific studio recording units in progressive rock, having released nearly twenty hours of music spread across twelve studio albums. Their music is similar to early symphonic progressive rock groups such as Yes, marked by sharp dynamic changes, polyrhythmics, heavy bass, vocal harmonies, abstract and occasionally"
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"retrieved": [
"Dicey's Song Dicey's Song is a novel by Cynthia Voigt. It won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature in 1983. Picking up where \"Homecoming\" left off, Dicey Tillerman and her three siblings, Sammy, Maybeth, and James, are now living with their crazy and widowed grandmother Abigail Tillerman, or Gram as the children call her, on her farm just outside Crisfield, Maryland. Because the Tillermans' mom just left them in the parking lot in Provincetown, the children have the chance to start living a completely new life in their new family home, even though several of the major issues of \"Homecoming\" are not resolved. Dicey has trouble letting go of her siblings enough to let Gram take over as the parent character. She also worried about her mother Liza, who is catatonic and seriously ill in a psychiatric hospital in Boston. While in their new school, the Tillermans make several new friends: Mr. Lingerle, the elementary school's music teacher, who begins giving Maybeth piano lessons; Mina, a friendly African-American girl who goes to school with Dicey; and Jeff, a high school student who likes to play the guitar. To help Gram support the family, Dicey starts to work for Millie Tydings, the owner of the local grocery store, whom Gram has known since childhood. Gram soon comes to terms with having to accept Social Security payments to help with the costs of raising her four grandchildren. She also must confront and reexamine her past, particularly her relationship with her deceased husband and her three children. Gram refuses to discuss her past with the children, and their attempts to find out about it by climbing into the attic are met with anger. As the children settle into the routines of their new school and after-school jobs, Gram receives a number of letters from the psychiatric hospital in which the children's catatonic mother resides. The letters do not appear to bring hopeful news, although Gram does not discuss their contents with the children. Dicey is frustrated that Gram will not open up and talk about her past, or their mother's past as a child growing up with her two siblings in the same house that Dicey and her brothers and sister are now living. She is also frustrated that her grandmother will not tell her what is in the letters from Boston, beyond the fact that her mother is no better. In December, the psychiatric hospital in Boston calls and informs Gram that Liza is in a critical state and may not live much longer. Dicey and Gram travel to Boston, and find Liza catatonic, not responding to any treatment. Liza soon dies and, since they can't afford the cost of a funeral or of transporting Liza's body from Boston to Crisfield, Gram and Dicey decide to cremate her. Dicey is given a hand-carved wooden box by the owner of a local gift store who is touched by her situation. When Dicey and Gram arrive back in Crisfield, the family buries the wooden box containing their mother's ashes under the paper mulberry tree in their front yard, which to the Tillermans is important to the family because of its fragility and beauty. Dicey's Song Dicey's Song is a novel by Cynthia Voigt. It won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature in 1983. Picking up where \"Homecoming\" left off, Dicey Tillerman and her three siblings, Sammy, Maybeth, and James, are now living with their crazy and widowed grandmother Abigail Tillerman, or Gram as the children call her, on her farm just outside Crisfield, Maryland. Because the Tillermans' mom"
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"Heartland (George Strait song) \"Heartland\" is a song written by Steve Dorff and John Bettis, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in January 1993 as the second single from his soundtrack album \"Pure Country\". The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. The song is an uptempo country-rocker, in which the narrator sings about the heartland of America – \"The only place I feel at home\" and \"Where they still know wrong from right.\" A music video was filmed for the single, which combines a live performance of the song and short clips from the movie. Per the liner notes of Strait's 1995 box set \"Strait Out of the Box\". All parts were recorded on April 28, 1992, except for the electric guitar, which was recorded one day later. The song debuted at number 73 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated January 2, 1993. It spent 20 weeks on that chart, and reached Number One on the chart dated March 20, 1993. Heartland (George Strait song) \"Heartland\" is a song written by Steve Dorff and John Bettis, and recorded by American"
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"Goodwin Steel Castings Goodwin Steel Castings Limited is a heavy engineering firm located in Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire, England. The company specialises in the production of large, bespoke, machined steel castings. Goodwin Steel Castings has been a supplier of machined castings since 1883. The foundry, with 180 employees, is supported by its sister company, Goodwin International Ltd, located 5 km away which carries out machining, fabrication and assembly work on the castings produced by the foundry. The Goodwin machine shop employs some 270 people in its modern CNC machining facility. Goodwin Steel Castings Ltd, part of the engineering group Goodwin PLC, is the foremost independent producer of high alloy and high quality integrity castings in the United Kingdom. The company has been in the casting industry since its formation in 1883. It is one of the 10 oldest companies listed on the UK Stock Exchange. In 1984 Goodwins was the first steel foundry in the world to be awarded accreditation by the British Standards Institution to BS5750 (now ISO9001) for casting production and also for the computer simulation of casting feeding. In 2006 the company was awarded the . The company specialises in cast parts for suppliers to the engineering, nuclear, oil, petrochemical, and process industries worldwide. Materials supplied include carbon, low alloy, stainless steel, heat resistant, duplex and super duplex stainless steels and super nickel alloys. They supply machined castings from 200 kg to 10,000 kg as single pieces and up to 18,000 kg as fabricated single components. Welded assemblies up to 50,000 kg can be supplied. Steel and nickel alloys are melted in the electric arc furnace and can be processed through the AOD refining vessel. Goodwin castings are used in a variety of projects. Some of the more high-profile projects are listed below. Goodwin have been heavily involved in Nickel alloy development programs for fossil fuel power plants for Advanced Super Critical Applications (A-USC). These projects include: Goodwin Steel Castings Goodwin Steel Castings Limited is a heavy engineering firm located in Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire, England. The company specialises in the production of large, bespoke, machined steel castings. Goodwin Steel Castings has been a supplier of machined castings since 1883. The foundry, with 180 employees, is supported by its sister company, Goodwin International Ltd, located 5 km away which carries out machining, fabrication and assembly work on the castings produced by the foundry. The Goodwin machine shop"
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"retrieved": [
"Rubus kennedyanus Rubus kennedyanus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is found in eastern Canada (Québec and Newfoundland) and in the north-central United States (Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin). \"Rubus kennedyanus\" is a bristly shrub. Leaves are compound with 3 or 5 egg-shaped leaflets, each leaflet with a distinctive long, narrow tip at the end. Flowers are in small groups of 1-3. The genetics of \"Rubus\" is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy. Rubus kennedyanus Rubus kennedyanus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is found in eastern Canada (Québec and Newfoundland) and in the north-central United States (Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin). \"Rubus kennedyanus\" is a bristly shrub. Leaves are compound with 3 or 5 egg-shaped leaflets, each leaflet with a distinctive long, narrow tip at the end. Flowers are in small groups of 1-3. The genetics of \"Rubus\" is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many"
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"retrieved": [
"National Wilderness Conference The 50th Anniversary National Wilderness Conference is the culminating commemorative event for the 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Act. The conference was held in Albuquerque, NM, from October 15-19, 2014. This conference is a multi-day event including presentations, panel discussions, exhibits, field trips, and skill-development workshops. The conference will provide ample opportunity to network and share ideas, celebrate recent successes, share lessons learned, and discuss emerging challenges in wilderness stewardship. Conference tracks will include history, stewardship, education, experience, civic engagement, and science. The conference is convened to provide a forum for discussing growing challenges to wilderness values while deepening and enabling participants’ engagement in wilderness stewardship in a time of unprecedented environmental and social change; meanwhile, it also aims to honor the achievement of a half-century of permanent protection for America’s wild places under the Wilderness Act. The National Wilderness Conference was produced by the Wilderness50, a diverse coalition of non-profit organizations, government agencies, and academic institutions—including the Pew Charitable Trusts, Wilderness Society, Sierra Club, Back Country Horsemen of America, Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics, Conservation Lands Foundation, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and National Park Service. National Wilderness Conference"
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"retrieved": [
"Hidebehind The Hidebehind is a nocturnal fearsome critter from American folklore that preys upon humans that wander the woods, and was blamed for the disappearances of early loggers when they failed to return to camp. As its name suggests, the Hidebehind is noted for its ability to conceal itself. When an observer attempts to look directly at it, the creature hides again behind an object or the observer and therefore can't be directly seen: a feat it accomplishes by sucking in its stomach to a point where it is so slender that it can easily cover itself behind the trunk of any tree. The Hidebehind uses this ability to stalk human prey without being observed and to attack without warning. Their victims, including lumberjacks who frequent the forests, are dragged back to the creature's lair to be devoured. The creature subsists chiefly upon the intestines of its victim, and has a severe aversion to alcohol, which is considered a sufficient repellent. Tales of the Hidebehind may have helped explain strange noises in the forest at night. Early accounts describe hidebehinds as large, powerful animals, despite the fact that no one was able to see them. The Hidebehind has been featured and referenced in popular culture including games, novels, stories, and television. Hidebehinds are mentioned in Diane Duane's \"Young Wizards\" series. In the series, they are described as being mostly small creatures with the fear they engender in those they stalk being a defense mechanism. In 2016, the official \"Harry Potter\" themed newsite Pottermore by J. K. Rowling released a new story about the wizarding school Ilvermorny, which featured a Hidebehind. This \"nocturnal, forest-dwelling spectre\" preys on humanoid creatures, but a witch and Pukwudgie working together were able to defeat the creature. Hidebehind The Hidebehind is a nocturnal fearsome critter from"
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"retrieved": [
"Borlase Borlase is a surname. A branch of the family De Taillefer, of Périgord, who were descended from the Count of Angoulême, came to England before the reign of Henry III (1207–1272). A King granted lands in the parish of St Wenn in Cornwall known as Frank (French) Borlas Taillefer. Following the ancient Cornish tradition, they adopted the name of their place of residence, Borlas, as their surname. Originally Borlase was a manor but the name now exists as three farms: Borlase-Vath, Borlase Burgess and Borlase farm near Rosenannon. A common saying in west Cornwall was ″Borlases were in Cornwall before the birth of Christ″. People with the surname include: Borlase Borlase is a surname. A branch of the family De Taillefer, of Périgord, who were descended from the Count of Angoulême, came to England before the reign of Henry III (1207–1272). A King granted lands in the parish of St Wenn in Cornwall known as Frank (French) Borlas Taillefer. Following the ancient Cornish tradition, they adopted the name of their place of residence, Borlas, as their surname. Originally Borlase was a manor but the name now exists as three farms: Borlase-Vath, Borlase Burgess and Borlase farm near Rosenannon. A"
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"retrieved": [
"Raphael Sealey Raphael Sealey (14 August 1927, Middlesbrough, England – 29 November 2013, Berkeley, California) was a classical scholar and ancient historian. Sealey studied at University College, Oxford in England under George Cawkwell, receiving an M.A. from Oxford University in 1951. Raphael Sealey was Professor of History at the University of California at Berkeley in California, United States, from 1967 to 2000, specialising in Ancient Greek history and law. On retirement, he became an Emeritus Professor. Before coming to Berkeley, he had taught at the University College of North Wales, at Queen Mary College, University of London, and at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Sealey's books include: Raphael Sealey Raphael Sealey (14 August 1927, Middlesbrough, England – 29 November 2013, Berkeley, California) was a classical scholar and ancient historian. Sealey studied at University College, Oxford in England under George Cawkwell, receiving an M.A. from Oxford University in 1951. Raphael Sealey was Professor of History at the University of California at Berkeley in California, United States, from 1967 to 2000, specialising in Ancient Greek history and law. On retirement, he became an Emeritus Professor. Before coming to Berkeley, he had taught at the University College of North Wales,"
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"retrieved": [
"NASA-TLX The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is a widely used, subjective, multidimensional assessment tool that rates perceived workload in order to assess a task, system, or team's effectiveness or other aspects of performance. It was developed by the Human Performance Group at NASA's Ames Research Center over a three-year development cycle that included more than 40 laboratory simulations. It has been cited in over 4,400 studies, highlighting the influence the NASA-TLX has had in human factors research. It has been used in a variety of domains, including aviation, healthcare and other complex socio-technical domains. NASA-TLX originally consisted of two parts: the total workload is divided into six subjective subscales that are represented on a single page, serving as one part of the questionnaire: There is a description for each of these subscales that the subject should read before rating. They are rated \"for each task\" within a 100-points range with 5-point steps. These ratings are then combined to the task load index. Providing descriptions for each measurement can be found to help participants answer accurately. These descriptions are as follows: The second part of TLX intends to create an individual weighting of these subscales by letting the subjects compare them pairwise based on their perceived importance. This requires the user to choose which measurement is more relevant to workload. The number of times each is chosen is the weighted score. This is multiplied by the scale score for each dimension and then divided by 15 to get a workload score from 0 to 100, the overall task load index. Many researchers eliminate these pairwise comparisons, though, and refer to the test as \"Raw TLX\" then. There has been evidence evaluating and supporting this shortened version over the full one since it might increase experimental validity. When using the \"raw TLX\", individual subscales may be dropped if less relevant to the task. The Official NASA-TLX can be administered using a paper and pencil version, or using the Official NASA TLX for Apple iOS App. There are also numerous unofficial computerized implementations of the NASA TLX. It should be noted that these unofficial versions may collect Personally Identifiable Information (PII), which is a violation of NASA Human Subject Research Guidelines for the Collection of PII as set down by the NASA Independent Review Board (IRB). If a participant is required to answer the TLX questions multiple times, they only need to answer the 15 pairwise comparisons once per task type. If a participant's workload needs to be measured for intrinsically different tasks, then revisiting the pairwise comparisons may be required. In every case, the subject should answer all 6 subjective rating subscales. It is these successive ratings that are then scored using the original pairwise questions as weighting factors, that leads to an understanding of the overall workload change. While there are multiple ways to administer the NASA-TLX, some may change the results of the test. One study showed that a paper-and-pencil version led to less cognitive workload than processing the information on a computer screen. To overcome the delay in administrating the test, the Official NASA TLX Apple iOS App can be used to capture both the pairwise question answers and a subjects subjective subscale input, as well as calculating the final weighted and unweighted results. A feature found in the Official NASA TLX App is a new computer interface response rating scale, termed a Subjective Analogue Equivalent Rating (SAER) scale, that provides the closest possible user experience to that found in the paper and pencil version of NASA TLX. No other computerized version of the NASA TLX has successfully implemented this critical element for properly capturing a user subjective input. This can be seen in many unofficial computerized (both web and software application) versions that use an anchored or locking scale. This defeats the subjective purpose of the original paper and pencil implementation of the NASA TLX. An unofficial version of the NASA TLX that uses a non-subjective anchored rating scale can also be found on the android app store. NASA-TLX The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is a widely used, subjective, multidimensional assessment tool that rates perceived workload in order to assess a task, system, or team's effectiveness"
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"retrieved": [
"Nye Initiative The Nye Initiative (or \"Nye Report\" or \"East Asia Strategic Report\"), named after former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Joseph S. Nye, Jr., more officially known as the United States Security Strategy for the East Asia Pacific Region, published in February 1995, is a report on the United States security strategy toward East Asia and the Pacific area, emphasizing the importance of the U.S. forward presence in Asia and its alliance with Japan. The aim of this plan was to reassure Japan and other states in the region of U.S. commitments to the alliance after a series of security crises in the early 1990s. It argued that U.S. military presence in the region had important consequences for the stability of the region, and for the success of America’s political, economic, and security goals. Specifically, Nye advocated that the United States should maintain a total of 100,000 troops in East Asia, emphasizing the importance of the U.S. Marine Corps and other military forces in Okinawa. While maintaining the U.S.-Japan alliance, it also aimed to check the structural forces, such as the rise of China and development of nuclear weapons capability by North Korea. The Nye Initiative had defined U.S.-Japan relations as the most important bilateral relationship and the Japanese security as the linchpin of the U.S. security policy in the region, helping Japan gain greater military autonomy and power projection capability in the future. Such process of re-strengthening the U.S.-Japan security tie was not forced or imposed by any of the two, but rather a product of the mutual recognition of each other’s needs and interests. Nye Initiative The Nye Initiative (or \"Nye Report\" or \"East Asia Strategic Report\"), named after former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Joseph S. Nye, Jr., more officially"
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"retrieved": [
"Tony Soprano Anthony John Soprano (born 1959) is a fictional character and the protagonist in the HBO television drama series \"The Sopranos\" (1999–2007), portrayed by James Gandolfini. Usually referred to as Tony, the Italian-American character was conceived by \"Sopranos\" creator and showrunner David Chase, who was also largely responsible for the character's story arc throughout the show's six seasons. The character is loosely based on real-life New Jersey mobster Vincent \"Vinny Ocean\" Palermo, a former \"caporegime\" (\"capo\") and \"de facto\" boss of the DeCavalcante crime family. Bobby Boriello and Mark Damiano II portrayed Soprano as a child in one episode each; Danny Petrillo played the character as a teenager in three episodes. In the first season, Tony is a \"capo\" in the DiMeo crime family. Between the first and second seasons, he is promoted to street boss, a position he retains until the sixth season; his uncle Corrado \"Junior\" Soprano is the official boss up until early in the sixth season, but has little or no actual power. Throughout the series, Tony struggles to balance the conflicting needs of his actual family wife Carmela, daughter Meadow, son A. J., and mother Liviawith those of the Mafia family he controls. He often displays behavior traits characteristic of a violent sociopath, but also struggles with depression and is prone to panic attacks. He seeks treatment from Dr. Jennifer Melfi in the first episode and remains in therapy on and off up until the penultimate episode of the series. Both the Tony Soprano character and Gandolfini’s performance garnered widespread critical acclaim, with Soprano being often cited as one of the greatest and most influential characters in television history. Gandolfini, for his portrayal of the character, won three Emmy Awards for Best Lead Actor in a Drama Series, three Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Male Actor in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama as well as two additional SAG Awards for Best Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. Tony Soprano was born in 1959, to Livia and Johnny Soprano. His father was a \"capo\" in the DiMeo crime family. He grew up living with his parents and two sisters, Janice and Barbara, in the Ironbound neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey. Tony's paternal grandfather, Corrado Soprano Sr., was an Italian immigrant and master stonemason who helped to build a church in Tony's old neighborhood. In adulthood, Tony recalls how Johnny used Janice as a cover for attending meetings with criminal associates at a children's amusement park, leading him to assume she was his father's favorite child. In therapy, when asked to remember happy childhood memories about his mother, Tony struggles to come up with any; he later describes his mother as a cruel, joyless woman who wore his father down \"to a little nub\". Tony has a troubled relationship with Janice, because she is always asking him for money and once tried to sell Livia's house by herself. Tony is also forced to dispose of the body of Janice's re-acquainted boyfriend, Richie Aprile, after she killed him. In high school, Tony met his future bride Carmela DeAngelis, and became friends with Artie Bucco and Davey Scatino. He was also close to his cousin Tony \"Tony B\" Blundetto, and their mutual relatives called them Tony-Uncle-Al and Tony-Uncle-Johnny (after their fathers) to tell them apart. The two Tonys spent summers at the farm of their uncle Pat Blundetto, a DiMeo \"soldato\" (soldier). Tony B was arrested for his part in a hijacking when the two Tonys were young men. Tony was supposed to join Tony B on the job, but failed to appear because of a panic attack after an argument with his mother. At the time, he told people he had been attacked and injured by black gangsters. He attended Seton Hall University for a semester and a half before dropping out to pursue a life of crime. Tony was part of an unofficial crew of young criminals consisting of Silvio Dante, Ralph Cifaretto, and Jackie Aprile, Sr. He and Jackie gained notoriety in the DiMeo family by robbing a card game run by Feech La Manna. He committed his first murder in 1982 at the age of 22, killing a small-time bookie named Willie Overall. In season one, Tony states that he knew real-life Mafia boss John Gotti in the 1980s. (This was a joke played on his golf companions who were mystified by Tony's mafia ties, it is unclear if Tony knew Gotti or not.) Johnny shepherded Tony through his ascendancy until his death in 1986 from emphysema. When he died, Johnny had risen to the level of \"capo\" of his own crew, as had his older brother, Junior. Junior took over as Tony's mentor and parental figure Salvatore \"Big Pussy\" Bonpensiero and Paulie \"Walnuts\" Gualtieri passed their loyalty to Tony upon Johnny's death, while Silvio joined the crew. Tony became acting \"capo\" of his father's old crew, a position which eventually became permanent. By 1995, Jackie Aprile, Sr. became acting boss after Ercole \"Eckley\" DiMeo was sent to prison. The DiMeo family was prosperous under Jackie's rule until 1998, when he was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. With Jackie in and out of the hospital, a power struggle develops between Tony and Junior. With Jackie's death in mid-1999, a succession crisis reaches a point where a war within the family appears imminent. However, Tony brings a quick end to the conflict by making Junior the official boss of the family. Junior would unknowingly act as the lightning rod for the Feds, while Tony would run the family from behind the scenes as a \"de facto\" boss starting in 2000. Tony has personally committed eight murders in the show. Furthermore, as a Boss, he is responsible for the deaths of others killed on his orders. The eight known murders, all explicitly presented onscreen, were: It is made clear that some of these murders leave Tony perplexed as to how to cope with the situation; most notably, after murdering Christopher Moltisanti, he feels a rush of relief for finally being rid of an associate whom he feels he can no longer trust. He has to \"show the sad face\" while the rest of the family grieves, but Tony reassures himself that Moltisanti's murder was necessary, despite the hurt caused to the family. The murder of Fabian \"Febby\" Petrulio in \"College\" is out of retaliation for Febby getting members of Tony's crew killed in prison when he ratted them out to get immunity. Tony does this out of a feeling of justice since he has contempt for Febby getting away with it initially. The murder of \"Big Pussy\" in \"Funhouse\" weighs heavily on Tony. He is at first tempted to spare his old friend, and even seems to be in denial for quite a long time, but in the end realizes his priorities. In the years to follow, Tony talks about this with Paulie and Silvio, who also participated in the murder, and all three have had haunting dreams of the murder of their friend. Tony kills Ralph Cifaretto after their horse, Pie-O-My, dies amid suspicious circumstances in \"Whoever Did This\". Tony tries to confront Ralph about the situation but, after some heated words, Tony loses control and murders Ralph following a violent fight. Though no solid proof was found that the fire killing Pie-O-My was arson, Tony is convinced Ralph did it. It is also implied that this burst of rage could have been fueled by delayed revenge for Ralph's brutal murder of stripper Tracee, considering Tony uttered \"She was a beautiful, innocent creature. What'd she ever do to you? You fucking killed her!\", which could apply to both the female horse and the young woman. The murder of Matthew Bevilaqua is vengeance, an act that had to be carried out since the fact that Christopher was shot was a direct affront to him as Boss. Tony takes satisfaction in it, as it is revenge for an attempt on the life of one of his relatives. This murder was the closest Tony came to getting in trouble with the authorities, due to having been seen by a witness. In addition to the",
"was found that the fire killing Pie-O-My was arson, Tony is convinced Ralph did it. It is also implied that this burst of rage could have been fueled by delayed revenge for Ralph's brutal murder of stripper Tracee, considering Tony uttered \"She was a beautiful, innocent creature. What'd she ever do to you? You fucking killed her!\", which could apply to both the female horse and the young woman. The murder of Matthew Bevilaqua is vengeance, an act that had to be carried out since the fact that Christopher was shot was a direct affront to him as Boss. Tony takes satisfaction in it, as it is revenge for an attempt on the life of one of his relatives. This murder was the closest Tony came to getting in trouble with the authorities, due to having been seen by a witness. In addition to the potential arrest, Tony was also uneasy about the murder due to Bevilaqua's young age and that his last words were \"mommy\". This inspires Tony to spend more quality time with his son. The murder of his cousin, Tony Blundetto (in \"All Due Respect\"), is solely to save him from a far worse death if he were to fall into Phil's hands, and so that Tony does not lose his reputation as a Boss (as well as sparing the other members of his own crew from Phil's threats of retaliation, thus preserving their loyalty). The murder of his nephew, Christopher Moltisanti (in \"Kennedy and Heidi\") is not done out of mob-related necessity. Christopher had been addicted to heroin, cocaine, and alcohol for many years and had not conquered his addiction in rehab. While Moltisanti presents a threat to Tony's life and the New Jersey Mob, it is ultimately an emotional reaction. Tony is about to call 911 following a motor vehicle accident. Christopher, who obviously needs urgent medical attention, tells him that he would \"never pass the drug test\" and would therefore lose his driver's license. He asks Tony to call for a taxi. Tony looks at the baby seat on the backseat of the SUV which had been destroyed by a tree branch, closes his phone, and suffocates Christopher by holding his nose shut so that he chokes to death on his own blood. Tony does not plan to murder Christopher but sees the opportunity after the car accident. Tony is never suspected of this murder. Tony has two children: Meadow Soprano and Anthony (A.J.) Soprano. He also treats Christopher Moltisanti, his wife's first cousin once removed, as a son in many ways. Tony is often portrayed as a loving father—he attends his children's sporting events on a regular basis and does all he can to ensure they have luxuries and opportunities. He hopes that both his children will escape the life of crime he has led. Tony takes great pride in Meadow's achievements. In Season 1, he is moved to tears by her performance at a choir recital. He often tells people about her aspiration to become a pediatrician. He also sometimes alienates his children with his behavior. He has always tried to conceal his criminal life from them—something that Meadow saw through early on and A.J. also realizes with guidance from his sister. Tony's over-protectiveness of Meadow leads to feuds between them on several occasions. For example, her first boyfriend at college is of black and Jewish ancestry, and Tony's racism leads him to try to drive him away. Meadow learns of her father's actions and does not speak to him for several months, eventually reconciling at Christmas in 2001. Meadow's next boyfriend is Jackie Aprile Jr., the son of Tony's old friend, the late Jackie Aprile Sr. Tony had promised Jackie Jr.'s father that he would keep his son out of the Mafia life. Tony is initially pleased with the relationship, believing Jackie to be a hard-working pre-med student from a good family. However, since Jackie's uncle Richie Aprile's release from prison and subsequent death, Tony realizes that Jackie had become more involved in the Mafia when he sees him at strip clubs and a casino. He eventually beats Jackie up to warn him about abusing his daughter's feelings and confiscates his gun. Tony begins seeing much of himself and his treatment of Carmela in Jackie's relationship with Meadow. Jackie is killed by Vito for his involvement in a robbery at Christopher's and Furio's executive card game, and for shooting a made man, Furio. This drives Meadow to drinking and depression, although they'd broken up shortly before his death. After Jackie's death, Tony accepts Meadow's college friends and gets along well with her fiancé, Finn, before the two separate under unrevealed circumstances. When Meadow is out for dinner with her \"mystery\" boyfriend Patrick Parisi, New York mob member Coco walks up to the table and makes drunk remarks about her looks and how \"Tony must love tucking you in at night\". After taking advice from her mother, Meadow tells Tony, who hides his rage and says Coco is \"harmless\" and \"an idiot\". Tony then tracks down Coco and Butch DeConcini at John's Restaurant on East 12th Street in Manhattan. Tony viciously pistol-whips Coco several times with a snubnose revolver and warns Butch at gunpoint to shut up and remain seated at his table. After breaking off some of Coco's teeth with a curb stomp, Tony leaves the restaurant. Tony's feelings toward his son are mixed; he worries about his future. From the beginning, Tony has doubts that his son could succeed in the Mafia telling Dr. Melfi \"he'd never make it\". His fears are confirmed as A.J. consistently demonstrates throughout the series that he lacks his father's cunning and dominating persona. Tony tells A.J. numerous times that he is proud that his son is gentle and kind. Tony is especially proud of A.J.'s prowess on the football field, even amid his failing grades in high school, but is frustrated with A.J.'s lack of focus after graduation. After flunking out of Ramapo State, A.J. loafs around the house, parties, and for a time holds a job at Blockbuster, until his father gets him a job working construction. There, A.J. meets Blanca, and in Tony's opinion, A.J. does well until he and Blanca break up. Tony worries about A.J.'s depression, the \"rotten putrid Soprano gene\" that Tony believes he passed down to his son. Hoping to get A.J. back on track, Tony rekindles A.J.'s friendship with \"the Jasons\", sons of two of his associates, and A.J. seems to be doing better. With the help of a therapist and medication, A.J. is finally getting back to college, this time at Rutgers University, to take classes and party with girls as Tony believes every college kid should. This later turns sour after A.J. sees his new friends attack a Somalian student on a bike and he regresses into depression. A.J. tries to drown himself in a swimming pool, but decides he wants to live; he is unable to escape the pool, however. Tony hears his cries for help and rescues him. After A.J. is released from a mental health ward, Tony and Carmela dissuade him from joining the Army, and convince him instead to become involved in a film bankrolled by Carmine Lupertazzi Jr., with the possibility of opening his own club. Tony is an avid animal lover, and enjoys feeding the ducks which visit his pool. He has a sentimental attachment towards animals, as he had been traumatized by the loss of his childhood dog (as revealed in the episode \"In Camelot\"), whose name was \"Tippy\". When he goes to confront Angie Bonpensiero as she's walking her poodle, the dog greets Tony in a friendly manner, which Tony reciprocates. During Christopher Moltisanti's intervention, when Tony hears Christopher accidentally suffocated Adrianna's dog, he is furious, saying, \"I oughta suffocate you, you little prick!\" He becomes involved in horse racing through his friend Hesh Rabkin, who owns a stable, and invests in a racehorse named Pie-O-My. When his horse is killed in a fire – possibly set by Ralph Cifaretto – Tony is deeply upset and saddened and kills Cifaretto, yelling: \"She was a beautiful innocent creature. What did she ever do to you?\" He repeats \"You fucking killed her!\",",
"by the loss of his childhood dog (as revealed in the episode \"In Camelot\"), whose name was \"Tippy\". When he goes to confront Angie Bonpensiero as she's walking her poodle, the dog greets Tony in a friendly manner, which Tony reciprocates. During Christopher Moltisanti's intervention, when Tony hears Christopher accidentally suffocated Adrianna's dog, he is furious, saying, \"I oughta suffocate you, you little prick!\" He becomes involved in horse racing through his friend Hesh Rabkin, who owns a stable, and invests in a racehorse named Pie-O-My. When his horse is killed in a fire – possibly set by Ralph Cifaretto – Tony is deeply upset and saddened and kills Cifaretto, yelling: \"She was a beautiful innocent creature. What did she ever do to you?\" He repeats \"You fucking killed her!\", while banging Cifaretto's head against the floor. When informed by Carmela that a black bear has been foraging in his home's backyard while they were separated, during Season 5, he reacts with interest, rather than fear. During his stay in the hospital after his shooting, he can be seen reading a book about dinosaurs, given by Carmela. In the series finale, Tony finds a stray cat at his safehouse during the war with New York and takes a liking to it. He brings it back to Satriale's, where it stares at the deceased Chris Moltisanti's photo (much to Paulie's dismay). Tony is seen many times over the course of the show engaging in both freshwater and saltwater angling. His son Anthony Jr. sometimes accompanies him on fishing outings. During the second season he presents his son with a Fenwick rod and a Penn International reel, both extremely high quality products. In the sixth season, while in Florida with Paulie, he rents a sport fishing boat. He is sometimes haunted by visions of Pussy Bonpensiero incarnated in the form of a fish – presumably a reference to the disposal of his body in the ocean. A Big Mouth Billy Bass novelty singing fish, brought into the Bada Bing by Georgie and another later presented to him as a Christmas present by his daughter Meadow, recall his nightmare and disturb him greatly. Throughout the series, Tony is shown to be a frequent cigar smoker, as well as an occasional cigarette smoker. He can be seen smoking a cigar during important events, such as shortly before being told of his mother's death and when disposing of Ralph Cifaretto's corpse. in the Season 1 episode \"A Hit Is a Hit\", he gives his doctor and next-door-neighbor Bruce Cusamano a box of Cuban cigars as a thank-you present for referring him to Dr. Melfi. He is also a gun enthusiast and is shown to have an arsenal in his home. He gives guns as birthday gifts to his father-in-law Hugh DeAngelis (in \"Marco Polo\") and receives one from Bobby Baccialieri on his own birthday (in \"Soprano Home Movies\"). Tony enjoys sports, particularly baseball, football, basketball, golf, and horse racing. He played baseball and football at West Essex High School, and is a fan of the New York Yankees and New York Jets. He has taken A.J. to New Jersey Nets and New Jersey Devils games occasionally throughout the series. Some objects and posters in A.J.'s room confirm this. He plays golf with John Sacrimoni at Upper Montclair Country Club. A large portion of his income is derived from illegal sports betting. Tony is an amateur yachtsman and has owned two motor yachts over the course of the show: \"Stugots\" and \"Stugots II\". The name comes from the Southern Italian phrase \"stu cazz\" meaning \"This dick\", or in paraphrase, \"Fuck it\". Tony maintains an avid interest in history, particularly World War II. Throughout seasons 4 and 5, Tony is seen watching Vietnam War documentaries. He is a big fan of President John F. Kennedy and owns one of his captain sailor hats, which he won at an auction. He is often shown watching programs on the History Channel about great leaders such as George S. Patton, Erwin Rommel, and Winston Churchill. He reads \"The Art of War\" by Sun Tzu, which is quoted by several other characters on the show, particularly Paulie Gualtieri. Tony is often seen watching classic mob films. For example, he is shown watching \"The Public Enemy\" (1931) throughout the episode \"Proshai, Livushka\", which addresses his mother's death. He also shares a love for \"The Godfather\" series (wondering what went wrong in the third installment). Tony listens to classic rock and pop music, particularly of the 1960s and 1970s. Over the course of the show he is seen to enjoy AC/DC, Deep Purple, Eagles, Eric Clapton, Jefferson Airplane, Jethro Tull, Journey, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Pink Floyd, Rush, Steely Dan, The Clash, The Chi-Lites, The Lost Boys, Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers, and Van Morrison. Like most of the mobsters in the series, Tony is shown to be partial to Cadillac and Lincoln vehicles. When discussing with Dr. Melfi a bizarre dream in which his penis falls off, he mentions that he went to the guy who used to \"work on my Lincoln, when I drove Lincolns\". For the first four seasons, Tony drives a burgundy 1999 Chevrolet Suburban LT 4x4, but in season 5, this has been replaced with a black Cadillac Escalade ESV. This black Escalade is totaled in an accident, and quickly replaced with a white Escalade ESV. Tony has this Escalade until the end of the series. Throughout the series Tony is shown to be a serial adulterer. He typically has mistresses whom he consistently sees for long periods of time, though he also has a number of brief one-night stands with strippers from the Bada Bing. His wife Carmela is tacitly aware of his infidelity and usually views it as a form of masturbation, though sometimes the bottled-up tensions explode in domestic arguments. At the end of Season 4, Irina telephones Carmela in a jealous rage at Tony's cheating on her with her cousin Svetlana, which causes Carmela to finally snap. Carmela throws Tony out of the house and begins divorce proceedings. Tony has a strong preference for women of European, particularly Italian descent, with dark hair and eyes and exotic features. His mistresses have been, in chronological order, of Russian (Irina and later Svetlana), Italian (Gloria Trillo), Italian/Cuban (Valentina La Paz), and Jewish descent (Julianna Skiff). He favors dark features but also has a few brief flings with blonde American European women, including a stewardess from Icelandic Airways and a medical assistant. He has one very short encounter with an Asian-American escort during \"The Test Dream\". Mistresses: Tony has suffered from panic attacks that sometimes cause him to lose consciousness since his childhood. He has his first on-screen panic attack while cooking sausages at his son's birthday party—this occurs in a flashback in the pilot episode. Tony loses consciousness and causes a small explosion when he drops a bottle of lighter fluid onto the coals. Tony describes the experience of the panic attack as feeling like he had \"ginger ale in his skull\". This prompts him to seek help for the attacks. After extensive testing that includes an MRI scan and blood work, no physical cause can be found, so Dr. Cusamano refers Tony to psychiatrist Dr. Jennifer Melfi. Tony's therapy allows a discussion of his thoughts and feelings away from both aspects of his life—this forum for reaching into the character's thoughts has been described as a Greek chorus, and as a key for viewers to understand the character. Tony is initially very resistant to the idea that there was a psychiatric cause for his symptoms. He resents being in therapy, and refuses to accept the diagnosis of panic attacks given him by the neurologists who had investigated his illness. Tony begins to open up once Dr. Melfi explains the doctor-patient confidentiality rules. He tells her about the stress of his business life—he has a feeling that he has come in at the end of something, and describes a reverence for the glorified \"old days\" of the Mafia. Tony leaves out the violence associated with his criminal career. Tony tells Dr. Melfi a",
"and feelings away from both aspects of his life—this forum for reaching into the character's thoughts has been described as a Greek chorus, and as a key for viewers to understand the character. Tony is initially very resistant to the idea that there was a psychiatric cause for his symptoms. He resents being in therapy, and refuses to accept the diagnosis of panic attacks given him by the neurologists who had investigated his illness. Tony begins to open up once Dr. Melfi explains the doctor-patient confidentiality rules. He tells her about the stress of his business life—he has a feeling that he has come in at the end of something, and describes a reverence for the glorified \"old days\" of the Mafia. Tony leaves out the violence associated with his criminal career. Tony tells Dr. Melfi a story about ducks landing in his pool. He describes his mother Livia, a cold, mean-spirited woman with whom he has an openly hostile relationship. By the end of the first session Tony has admitted that he feels depressed, but storms out when Dr. Melfi presses him further about the relationship between his symptoms and the ducks. When the family visits Green Grove, a Nursing Home where Tony is trying to place his mother, Livia's derisive outburst prompts a second panic attack. Melfi prescribes Prozac as an anti-depressant, telling him that no one needs to suffer from depression with the wonders of modern pharmacology. Tony fails to attend their next scheduled session. At their next session, Tony is still reluctant to face his own psychological weaknesses. Tony is quick to credit the medication for his improved mood, but Dr. Melfi tells him it cannot be that, as it takes six weeks to work—she credits their therapy sessions. Tony describes a dream where a bird steals his penis. Melfi extrapolates that Tony has projected his love for his family onto the family of ducks living in his pool. This brings him to tears, to his consternation. She tells him that their flight from the pool sparked his panic attack through the overwhelming fear of somehow losing his own family. In the episode \"46 Long\", they continue discussing Tony's mother and her difficulties living alone. Tony admits that he feels guilty because his mother could not be allowed to live with his family. We learn that he has been left to care for his mother alone by his sisters. When Dr. Melfi asks him to remember good experiences from his childhood, he has difficulty. He blames Carmela for preventing his mother from living with them. Later they discuss Livia's car accident, and Melfi suggests depression may have contributed to the accident – Tony misunderstands her and becomes angry. Tony has a panic attack while visiting his mother's home after she moves to Green Grove. In a later session, Dr. Melfi pushes Tony to admit he has feelings of anger towards his mother, and he again storms out. During this episode Tony introduces the concept of him acting like the sad clown – happy on the outside but sad on the inside. In \"Denial, Anger, Acceptance\", Tony discusses Jackie's cancer with Dr. Melfi. She tries to use it as an example of Tony's negative thinking contributing to his depression. Tony becomes angry and storms out. He feels she is trying to trick him and manipulate his thoughts using the pictures that decorate her office. After Jackie worsens and Tony is called a Frankenstein by a business associate, he returns to therapy to discuss these things with Dr. Melfi. She asks him if he feels like a monster. In \"Fortunate Son\", Tony discusses a childhood memory of an early panic attack. He saw his father and uncle mutilate Mr. Satriale, the local butcher, and later fainted at a family dinner made with free meat from Satriale's shop. Dr. Melfi makes a connection between meat and Tony's panic attacks. She explores his mother's attitude to the fruits of his father's labor. Later Dr. Melfi tries prescribing Lithium as a mood stabilizer. In the episode \"Isabella\", Tony sinks into a severe depressive episode and experiences hallucinations—he sees a beautiful Italian woman named Isabella in his neighbor's garden. Tony sees Isabella several times during the episode, and later learns that she never existed. Melfi theorizes that Isabella was an idealized maternal figure that Tony's subconscious produced because he was deeply upset about his own mother's actions at the time. In \"I Dream of Jeannie Cusamano\", Tony abruptly ends his therapy and persuades Dr. Melfi to go into hiding when he discovers that Uncle Junior has found out about their sessions. The relationship between Tony and Dr. Melfi is up-and-down, with Tony reaching a level of comfort with Dr. Melfi that he has never experienced with anyone else before, not even his wife. This closeness leads Tony to have something of a \"crush\" on Dr. Melfi, something that is unattainable. However, the \"prying\" from Dr. Melfi is uncomfortable for Tony and he often turns sarcastic and antagonistic towards her, leading to an ongoing strain in their relationship. In the episode when Tony's sister, Janice, goes back to Seattle, it is revealed during a rushed conversation between Janice and Tony that their mother suffers from narcissistic personality disorder. During the episode \"The Second Coming\", aired in part II of season six, Melfi's own therapist suggests to her that her work with Tony could be considered enabling toward Tony's sociopathic tendencies. Finally, in the penultimate episode of the series, \"The Blue Comet\", Melfi severs her relationship with Tony after reading research recommended by her own therapist that indicates sociopaths can use talk therapy to improve their skills in manipulating others, and use what is learned in therapy to become more capable criminals. In the first season, Tony is attacked by William Johnson \"Petite\" Clayborn and Rasheen Ray, two hitmen sent by Donnie Paduana to execute Tony. Tony sustains an injury to his ear, which is partially shot off, and minor bruises and cuts from crashing his vehicle. One of the two assailants, Clayborn, is shot dead by Ray in an attempt to kill Tony, and Ray is left bruised, but runs off. In the premiere of the sixth season, \"Members Only\", Junior Soprano, suffering from dementia, believes Tony to be \"Little Pussy\" Malanga, and shoots him in the abdomen. Tony dials 911 but loses consciousness before being able to tell the operator what happened. The second episode of the sixth season, \"Join the Club\", Tony is in a medically induced coma in the hospital. In the second and third episode the viewer sees Tony in a dream-like state, eventually arriving at what could be purgatory, where he is greeted by a man who takes the physical form of his late cousin Tony Blundetto. The shadowy figure in the doorway of the house has the profile of his mother, who is dead. The voice of a younger version of his daughter calls him back. At the end of the third episode, he awakes from his coma in a confused but stable state. By the fourth episode, Tony is mobile and fully aware, and has regained his voice. Tony's attitude to life is changed by his near death experience. He has yet to discuss his experiences while unconscious with anyone close to him. However, in the Season 6 episode \"Kaisha\", he admits to Phil Leotardo (who had just suffered a heart attack), that while he was in a coma, he went to a place where he never wants to go again. While talking philosophy with John Schwinn, another patient at the hospital, he mentions that while in the coma he had the experience of being drawn towards somewhere he did not want to go and narrowly avoided it. In the sixth episode of season 6, part 2, \"Kennedy and Heidi\", Tony sustains minor injuries in a car accident that seriously injures his nephew, Christopher Moltisanti. Tony suffocates Christopher after this accident. Tony is on bed rest for a few days and quickly recovers. Nonetheless, this gives his family quite a scare and a painful memory of his nearly fatal shooting the previous year.",
"However, in the Season 6 episode \"Kaisha\", he admits to Phil Leotardo (who had just suffered a heart attack), that while he was in a coma, he went to a place where he never wants to go again. While talking philosophy with John Schwinn, another patient at the hospital, he mentions that while in the coma he had the experience of being drawn towards somewhere he did not want to go and narrowly avoided it. In the sixth episode of season 6, part 2, \"Kennedy and Heidi\", Tony sustains minor injuries in a car accident that seriously injures his nephew, Christopher Moltisanti. Tony suffocates Christopher after this accident. Tony is on bed rest for a few days and quickly recovers. Nonetheless, this gives his family quite a scare and a painful memory of his nearly fatal shooting the previous year. Tony sometimes has vivid dreams that are shown to the viewer. Episodes with dream sequences include \"Pax Soprana\", \"Isabella\", \"Funhouse\", \"Everybody Hurts\", \"Calling All Cars\", and \"The Test Dream\". In the pilot, Tony tells Dr. Melfi about a dream he had wherein a screw in his belly button, when removed, causes his penis to fall off. He tries to find a car mechanic (who had worked on his Lincoln when Tony drove Lincolns) to put it back on, but a duck swoops down and snatches it from his hand. In \"Meadowlands\", Tony has a dream that several people in his life are present in Dr. Melfi's office: Herman \"Hesh\" Rabkin scrolling by the window, A. J. behind the door, Silvio Dante having sex with a woman in the waiting room, and Paulie Walnuts and Big Pussy reading Chinese newspapers. This causes him to worry that people will find out he is seeing a psychiatrist. The dream ends with Tony confronting Melfi, seeing Jackie Aprile, Sr. in his death bed smoking a cigarette, asking Tony, \"You smell that? That's rain,\" and only to find out that Melfi is his mother, Livia. In \"Pax Soprana\", Tony has several dreams and fantasies about Dr. Melfi. He becomes convinced that he is in love with her, but she turns him down when he makes advances towards her. In \"Isabella\", Tony, suffering from depression after Big Pussy disappears, acquaints himself with a dental student named Isabella who is staying in the Cusamano home while they are on vacation. He later discovers that he'd hallucinated Isabella due to taking too much lithium, and that Isabella represented the mother he never had. In \"Funhouse\", an extended dream sequence exposes many of Tony's subconscious thoughts and feelings through symbolic and sometimes bizarre events: he attempts suicide to preempt a doctor's diagnosis of early death by dousing himself in gasoline and lighting himself on fire; he witnesses himself shooting Paulie \"Walnuts\" Gaultieri to death during a card game; he has an innuendo-laden conversation with his therapist Dr. Melfi while sporting a prominent erection; and a fish that speaks with the voice of Sal \"Big Pussy\" Bonpensiero confirms his suspicions that the longtime friend and soldier is a federal informant. In \"Everybody Hurts\", Tony dreams of his ex-comaré Gloria Trillo shortly after learning of her suicide by hanging. He visits her apartment and finds her in a black dress with a black scarf around her neck. She is cooking dinner, and when she goes over to the oven the scarf drapes across Tony. Plaster falls down in front of Tony and when he looks up, he sees that the chandelier is almost pulled out of the ceiling. Gloria is suddenly back at the table and offers Tony a choice between seeing what she has under her dress or under her scarf. As she begins to peel away the scarf, Tony wakes up and makes his way to the bathroom for some medication. In \"Calling All Cars\", Tony has two dreams featuring Ralph Cifaretto. In the first, he is being driven by Carmela in the back of his father's old car while Ralph sits in the passenger seat. There is a caterpillar crawling on the back of Ralph's head. Tony's fellow passenger in the back seat changes—Gloria Trillo and Svetlana Kirilenko are both seen. The caterpillar turns into a butterfly. Dr. Melfi later tells him that the dream signifies a change for Ralphie (recently killed by Tony) and Carmela being in control, which Tony doesn't like. In the second dream, Tony follows Ralph to an old house, which Ralph enters. Tony is dressed in trousers, suspenders, and an undershirt. He knocks on the door and a female figure descends slowly in shadow; the door creaks ominously. Tony says he is there for the stonemason job but does not speak English well (Tony's grandfather was an immigrant stonemason). Just as Tony is about to enter the house, he wakes up. In \"The Test Dream\", Tony comes to terms with having to kill his cousin Tony Blundetto. The episode reflects on his inner demons and fears, including his children's future, his relationship with his wife, his infidelities, deceased acquaintances—including some who have died by his hand or by his orders—his fate, and his relationship with his father. He is again shown in his father's old car, accompanied by a range of past associates. In \"Join the Club\", a comatose Tony finds himself in an alternate universe where he is a law-abiding salesman on a business trip. Among other differences, his accent has changed and his hotel's bartender condescends to him (in sharp contrast to the bartender at The Bing, who is a recurring punching bag for Tony). Tony has mistakenly taken another man's briefcase – Kevin Finnerty's – along with all of his identification and work. The episode follows his attempts to discern his identity, recover his briefcase, and get back to his family. In \"Kennedy and Heidi\", a stressed Tony Soprano has a dream following the death of Christopher Moltisanti. In this dream, he tells his therapist that Christopher was a burden and that he is relieved that he was dead. After that he also tells her that he murdered Big Pussy and his cousin Tony Blundetto. Following the dream, he acts differently to his friends and family, trying to see if they also feel relieved now that Christopher is dead. Following Gandolfini's death on June 19, 2013, Gandolfini's portrayal of Soprano was praised for its influence on subsequent other TV characters. \"TV Guide\" columnist Matt Roush stated, \"Without Tony, there's no Vic Mackey of \"The Shield\", no Al Swearengen of \"Deadwood\", no Don Draper of \"Mad Men\"\" (whose creator, Matthew Weiner, honed his craft as a writer on \"The Sopranos\"). Similar testimonials were included by his co-stars and colleagues; Bryan Cranston stated that his \"Breaking Bad\" character, Walter White, would not have existed without Tony Soprano. Tony Soprano quickly became a pop culture icon during the show’s run. In an article for the \"Los Angeles Times\", Chris Lee referred to Tony Soprano as a “cultural sensation” who became the “unlikeliest of sex symbols.” On the importance of Gandolfini’s performance, Lee stated: “He forever rejiggered television's fascination with morally challenged antiheroes and less-than-physically-perfect protagonists.” Mark Lawson of \"The Guardian\" praised Gandolfini for his “towering central performance” as Tony Soprano, writing: “The Sopranos was part of a wave of American TV dramas that finally persuaded cineastes and critics who had been snobbish and dismissive about television as a medium to accept the smaller screen as an artistic equivalent of the larger one. Although many of those who watched and wrote about TV had got this message much earlier, the remarkable and sustained range of Gandolfini's portrayal of Tony Soprano played a major part in ending any remaining inferiority complex about the medium.” Tony Soprano Anthony John Soprano (born 1959) is a fictional character and the protagonist in the HBO television drama series"
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{
"retrieved": [
"Gutierrezia elegans Gutierrezia elegans, the Lone Mesa snakeweed, is a species of \"Gutierrezia\" endemic to the United States. \"Gutierrezia elegans\" was discovered by Peggy Lyon, a Colorado State University botanist, and Al Schneider, an amateur botanist of the Four Corners area, August 4, 2008. Lyon and Schneider found the plant while they were putting together a list of plant species in Lone Mesa State Park in Colorado. Peggy said that they would have missed noticing the plant if they were only looking for known rare plants. They sent the specimen to Guy Nesom, a plant expert. Guy and other experts examined the plant and agreed that it was a previously undiscovered species of \"Gutierrezia\". Tim Hogan, an employee of the University of Colorado Herbarium, said that the discovery shows us how little we know about biodiversity. The Lone Mesa snakeweed was the sixth new plant discovered in Colorado in roughly 15 years. Gutierrezia elegans Gutierrezia elegans, the Lone Mesa snakeweed, is a species of \"Gutierrezia\" endemic to the United States. \"Gutierrezia elegans\" was discovered by Peggy Lyon, a Colorado State University botanist, and Al Schneider, an amateur botanist of the Four Corners area, August 4, 2008. Lyon and Schneider found"
]
} | RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter |
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