id
int64 0
599
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stringclasses 2
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int64 0
599
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stringlengths 33
540
| sentence-2
stringlengths 26
520
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stringlengths 2
1.91k
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stringclasses 1
value | edits-combination-2
stringclasses 1
value | arxiv-id
stringlengths 9
16
| sentence-1-level
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int64 2
6
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 |
easy
| 200 |
Chaotic inflationary models are not obviously natural in the context of effective field theories precisely because of the requirement that the potential be sufficiently flat over super-Planckian field distances .
|
Chaotic inflationary models are not obviously natural in the context of effective field theory precisely because of the requirement that the potential be sufficiently flat over super-Planckian field distances .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1211.4024
| 1 | 2 |
201 |
easy
| 201 |
Onnela et al. ( [CITATION] , [CITATION] ) refer to the notion of motif defining it as a set ( ensemble ) of topologically equivalent subgraphs of a network .
|
Onnela et al. [CITATION] refer to the notion of motif , defining it as a set ( ensemble ) of topologically equivalent subgraphs of a network .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1712.01561
| 2 | 3 |
202 |
easy
| 202 |
Because the CPE is time-scale invariant , the two constants [MATH] and [MATH] are not uniquely determined because the same physics is described by using instead for any number [MATH] the magnitude constant [MATH] and the characteristic time [MATH] .
|
Because the CPE is time-scale invariant , the constants [MATH] and [MATH] are not uniquely determined since the same physics is described by using instead for any number [MATH] the magnitude constant [MATH] and the characteristic time [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1701.05086
| 1 | 2 |
203 |
easy
| 203 |
In our model dynamics , [MATH] at low temperatures behaves according to the known logarithmic interpolation formula ( see Ref. [CITATION] ) found in experiments [CITATION] , namely : [MATH] .
|
As shown in the upper inset of Fig. [REF] , in our model dynamics [MATH] at low temperatures behaves according to the known logarithmic interpolation formula ( see Ref. [CITATION] ) found in experiments [CITATION] , namely : [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
cond-mat-0006258
| 2 | 3 |
204 |
easy
| 204 |
The calculated transparency curve that was provided with the Si : Zr SPF was used to calculate the EUV spectrum after transmission through the SPF ( See Fig. [REF] ) .
|
The calculated transparency curve that was provided with the Si : Zr SPF was used to calculate the EUV spectrum after transmission through the SPF ( See Fig. [REF] blue curve ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 31]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1507.02705
| 1 | 2 |
205 |
easy
| 205 |
Corrections to the ground-state mean-field energy given by the zero-point fluctuations of the Bogolyubov modes have been also investigated following the procedure outlined in Ref. [CITATION] and we found that the [MATH] condensate has a larger energy compared to the [MATH] condensate , of the order of 1 pK ( see Supplemental Material for further details ) .
|
Corrections to the ground-state mean-field energy given by the zero-point fluctuations of the Bogolyubov modes have been also investigated following the procedure outlined in Ref. [CITATION] and we found that the [MATH] condensate has a larger energy compared to the [MATH] condensate , of the order of 1 pK [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [49, 50]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [49, 57], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1604.06055
| 1 | 2 |
206 |
easy
| 206 |
It follows that the approximate expressions [REF] can only be used in a regime of very large [MATH] , for which we do not have a direct access to observations .
|
It follows that the approximate expressions [REF] can only be used in a regime of very large [MATH] , for which we do not have a direct access to observations , and , therefore , in the following we will be using expressions [REF] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 44]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1510.04030
| 2 | 3 |
207 |
easy
| 207 |
Attribute-aware networks trained without sharing representation require fewer number of proposals but with a detection rate typically lower than [MATH] ( given 150-200 proposals ) .
|
Attribute-aware networks trained without sharing representation require a fewer number of proposals but with a detection rate typically lower than [MATH] ( given 150-200 proposals ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1701.08393
| 1 | 2 |
208 |
easy
| 208 |
To demonstrate the validity of our qualitative analysis we need to show that the self-consistent suppression of the order parameter does not appreciably change our result .
|
We now show that the self-consistent suppression of the order parameter does not appreciably change our result .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
cond-mat-0206183
| 1 | 2 |
209 |
easy
| 209 |
For this purpose we use the following lateral distribution function : [EQUATION]
|
For this purpose we use the following lateral distribution function : [EQUATION] with the amplitude [MATH] after correction for the azimuthal asymmetry and for the geomagnetic angle as function of axis distance [MATH] , and the fitted scale parameter [MATH] , which is the amplitude at the axis distance [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 51]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1509.05652
| 1 | 2 |
210 |
easy
| 210 |
This is naturally implemented as the cancellation between the top-quark , Goldstone and Higgs contributions , and thus an extra condition on the mass of the Higgs boson is obtained .
|
This latter cancellation is naturally implemented as the cancellation among the top-quark , Goldstone and Higgs contributions .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1201.3968
| 2 | 3 |
211 |
easy
| 211 |
This work spurred vigorous interest in the area ( see [CITATION] for an excellent survey ) .
|
This initial work spurred vigorous interest in the area ( see [CITATION] for an excellent survey ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1605.04486
| 1 | 2 |
212 |
easy
| 212 |
We go on to show that there exists an absolute constant [MATH] such that [MATH] random elements [MATH] suffice to construct a set of involutions that generate a group containing the last term in the derived series of [MATH] .
|
We show that there exists an absolute constant [MATH] such that given a strong involution [MATH] , a set of [MATH] random elements [MATH] suffices to construct a set of involutions that generates a group containing the last term in the derived series of [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 20]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 33]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1812.01362
| 1 | 2 |
213 |
easy
| 213 |
When the nucleus diameter exceeds another critical nucleation length [MATH] , the fault eventually exhibits a high-speed rupture of a mainshock .
|
When the nucleus diameter exceeds another nucleation length [MATH] , the fault eventually exhibits a high-speed rupture of a mainshock .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1401.3247
| 1 | 2 |
214 |
easy
| 214 |
Note , that the measured frequency [MATH] is twice the oscillation frequency of the wire [MATH] , as mentioned before .
|
As mentioned above the measured frequency [MATH] corresponds to twice the oscillation frequency of the wire [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0907.5490
| 1 | 2 |
215 |
easy
| 215 |
An approximation to the reflection coefficient ( [REF] ) corresponding to the solution of ( [REF] ) is obtained with a fourth order Taylor expansion of the matrix exponential .
|
For finite values of [MATH] , the reflection coefficient ( [REF] ) corresponding to the solution of ( [REF] ) is obtained by calculating the proper matrix exponential .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 24]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
physics-0510150
| 1 | 2 |
216 |
easy
| 216 |
Besides the yield ratios in the model standard evolution , the corresponding ratios from evolution with suppressed fusion processes are shown in parenthesis in Table [REF] for [MATH] MeV .
|
Besides the yield ratios in the standard model evolution , the corresponding ratios from the evolution with suppressed fusion processes are given in parenthesis in Table [REF] for [MATH] MeV .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
nucl-th-0505049
| 1 | 2 |
217 |
easy
| 217 |
The foundations of the current ' standard model ' of cosmology date back to the 1930s when there was essentially no data available .
|
The foundations of the current standard model of cosmology date back nearly a century to when there was essentially no data available .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 14]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1808.04597
| 2 | 3 |
218 |
easy
| 218 |
A significant quantitative change of [MATH] when excluding the spin-dependent part from the exchange coupling in eq. [REF] has already been mentioned in Ref. ohno , but detailed results have n't been published yet .
|
A significant quantitative change of [MATH] when excluding the spin-dependent part from the exchange coupling in eq. [REF] has already been mentioned in Ref. ohno , but detailed results have not been published yet .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 31], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 31]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
cond-mat-0411186
| 1 | 2 |
219 |
easy
| 219 |
The coordinates [MATH] are nuisance features also drawn from a binary " fair " Bernoulli distribution .
|
The coordinates [MATH] are nuisance features , also drawn from a binary " fair " Bernoulli distribution .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1810.04247
| 2 | 3 |
220 |
easy
| 220 |
Among these models of zero ground state entropy density , a very important and valuable model is that proposed by Goldstein etc. [CITATION] , which near horizon geometry is Lifshitz-like .
|
Among these models of zero ground state entropy density , a very important and valuable model is that proposed by Goldstein et al. [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1201.2485
| 1 | 2 |
221 |
easy
| 221 |
Li White 2008 confirmed that the TA method used on mock galaxies drawn from the Millennium Run ( Springel et al. 2005 ) systematically underestimates the true mass , and revised the TA method to predict a LG mass of [MATH] .
|
Li White ( 2008 ) confirmed that the TA method used on mock galaxies drawn from the Millennium Run ( Springel et al. 2005 ) systematically underestimates the true mass , and revised the TA method to predict a LG mass of [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1306.4013
| 1 | 2 |
222 |
easy
| 222 |
We introduce outer expectation [MATH] of a process [MATH] , where [MATH] is the space of all continuous functions [MATH] ( representing possible evolutions of prices of some financial asset ) , which may be interpreted as the superhedging cost of not only the terminal value of [MATH] , i. e. [MATH] , but of any value [MATH] , where [MATH] is a stopping time such that [MATH] .
|
We introduce outer expectation [MATH] of a process [MATH] , where [MATH] is the space of all continuous functions [MATH] ( representing possible evolutions of prices of [MATH] financial assets ) , which may be interpreted as the superhedging cost of not only the terminal value of [MATH] , i. e. [MATH] , but of any value [MATH] , where [MATH] is a stopping time such that [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [27, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 30]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1807.05692
| 3 | 4 |
223 |
easy
| 223 |
A current opposed to the waves enlarges the ellipse towards higher wavenumbers , while a following current will lead to a ' sampling ' of shorter wave numbers and longer bottom features .
|
A current opposed to the waves enlarges the ellipse towards higher wavenumbers , while a following current will lead to a ' sampling ' of shorter wave numbers , i.e. bottom features of larger scales .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 30]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 35]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
physics-0510150
| 1 | 2 |
224 |
easy
| 224 |
Details on this as well as our implementation are given at the end of this section .
|
Details on this as well as our algorithm are given at the end of this section .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1610.04648
| 1 | 2 |
225 |
easy
| 225 |
Physically , this structure arises because the time reversal operator [MATH] transforms molecular spinors as [EQUATION] in which [MATH] and [MATH] are the spinors in the " [MATH] " and " [MATH] " irreducible representations , respectively ; using them , it follows naturally for a time-reversal symmetric operator [MATH] ( such as the Fock operator ) that [EQUATION] hence the structure in Eq. [REF] .
|
Physically , this structure arises because the time reversal operator [MATH] transforms molecular spinors as [EQUATION] where [MATH] and [MATH] are said to be Kramers partners ; using them , it follows naturally for a time-reversal symmetric operator [MATH] ( such as the Fock operator ) that [EQUATION] hence the structure in Eq. [REF] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1512.08934
| 1 | 2 |
226 |
easy
| 226 |
This , in turn , implies that for given kinematics contribution of the large excitation energies ( [MATH] ) which is predominantly due to the short range correlations is also insignificant .
|
This , in turn , implies that for a given kinematics the contribution of the large excitation energies ( [MATH] ) , which is predominantly due to the short range correlations , is also insignificant .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
hep-ph-0011088
| 1 | 2 |
227 |
easy
| 227 |
Our prediction is in the agreement with the results of other theoretical studies which give the rate for [MATH] to be equal [CITATION] or even larger than the rate for [MATH] decay [CITATION] .
|
Our prediction is in agreement with the results of other theoretical studies which give the rate for [MATH] to be equal [CITATION] or even larger than the rate for [MATH] decay [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
hep-ph-0408300
| 1 | 2 |
228 |
easy
| 228 |
The method presented in Section [REF] uses an iterative approach to the computation of [MATH] .
|
The method presented in Section 2 uses an iterative approach to the computation of [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1008.4414
| 2 | 3 |
229 |
easy
| 229 |
The consistency conditions ( [REF] ) translate into [EQUATION] for the two functions [MATH] defined in the interval [MATH] .
|
The consistency conditions ( [REF] ) result in [EQUATION] for the two functions [MATH] defined in the interval [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0805.3481
| 1 | 2 |
230 |
easy
| 230 |
As our second example , we consider Fourier modes of the Lorenz-96 ( L96 ) model [CITATION] in various chaotic regimes .
|
As our test example , we consider Fourier modes of the Lorenz-96 ( L96 ) model [CITATION] in various chaotic regimes .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1501.06848
| 1 | 2 |
231 |
easy
| 231 |
Our total energy difference between the phases is [MATH] meV and much smaller than the numerical accuracy of the code .
|
Our total energy difference between the phases is [MATH] meV and much smaller than the numerical accuracy of the code ( [MATH] meV ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 24]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
cond-mat-0610066
| 1 | 2 |
232 |
easy
| 232 |
We ( f ) show that the decoupled greedy learning can well outperform competing methods in terms of scalability to larger and deeper models and stability to optimization hyper-parameters , allowing it to be applied to large datasets .
|
( f ) We show that DGL can outperform competing methods in terms of scalability to larger and deeper models and stability to optimization hyperparameters , allowing it to be applied to large datasets .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1901.08164
| 1 | 2 |
233 |
easy
| 233 |
The most efficient way for Ly [MATH] to escape from the compact star forming regions is due to scattering of the photons by the entrained neutral hydrogren .
|
The most efficient way for Ly [MATH] to escape from the compact star forming regions is due to scattering of the photons by the entrained neutral hydrogen .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
astro-ph-0605019
| 1 | 2 |
234 |
easy
| 234 |
We base our arguments only on the well established connection between families of 1D tight binding models with periodic modulation and 2D IQH topology [CITATION] , and comment on implications for the classification of families of 1D quasicrystals , noting that a single 1D quasiperiodic model is topologically trivial .
|
We base our arguments only on the well established connection between families of 1D tight binding models with periodic modulation and 2D IQH topology [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 49], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1311.0882
| 1 | 2 |
235 |
easy
| 235 |
Moreover , the quotient space of [MATH] by the Seidel-Thomas braid group [MATH] is the ' right ' stability space for the higher cluster category [MATH] ( see Remark [REF] ) .
|
Moreover , the quotient space of [MATH] by the Seidel-Thomas braid group [MATH] is the ' right ' space of stability conditions for the higher cluster category [MATH] ( see Remark [REF] ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 22]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1111.1010
| 1 | 2 |
236 |
easy
| 236 |
The present article studies the influence of a thin obstacle on the motion of a three-dimensional incompressible viscous flow .
|
The present article is devoted to the stability of the Navier-Stokes equations when one obstacle shrinks to a curve or a surface , and to determine the influence of a thin obstacle on the motion of a three-dimensional incompressible viscous flow .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 25]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1112.4147
| 1 | 2 |
237 |
easy
| 237 |
The primary hadron and resonance yields of each of the hadron species included in the analysis are calculated according to Eq. ( [REF] ) .
|
The mean primary hadron and resonance yields of each of the hadron species included in the analysis are calculated according to Eq. ( [REF] ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}
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{}
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{}
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1005.0500
| 1 | 2 |
238 |
easy
| 238 |
Another issue with these methods is that most of the existing approaches except for [CITATION] require standard ( " batch " ) gradient descent and are thus difficult to scale .
|
Another issue with ADMM methods is that most of the existing approaches except for [CITATION] require standard ( " batch " ) gradient descent and are thus difficult to scale .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}
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{}
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{}
|
1901.08164
| 1 | 2 |
239 |
easy
| 239 |
However , these papers use a master-worker approach where a centralized master communicates with the individual nodes .
|
However , these papers use a master-worker approach where all communication has to go over a master node .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 18]}}
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{}
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{}
|
1502.03942
| 1 | 2 |
240 |
easy
| 240 |
Note that Keller [CITATION] also spotted this phenomenon and proved a more remarkable quantum dilogarithm identities via mutation of quivers with potential .
|
Note that Keller [CITATION] also spotted this phenomenon and proved a more remarkable quantum dilogarithm identities via mutation of quivers with potential ( cf. [CITATION] ) .
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{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 26]}}
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{}
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{}
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1111.1010
| 2 | 3 |
241 |
easy
| 241 |
We decided to restrict to Chimera-RBM for two reasons .
|
We decided to focus on the learning of a Chimera-RBM for two reasons .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 5]}}
|
{}
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{}
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1510.07611
| 2 | 3 |
242 |
easy
| 242 |
We model mixed-state quantum theory using the CPM construction [CITATION] , and the full quantum-classical theory using the dagger-idempotent variant of the CP* construction [CITATION] presented in Ref. [CITATION] , which results in quantum-classical transitions governed by a generalised categorical flavour of the Born rule .
|
We model mixed-state quantum theory using the CPM construction [CITATION] , and the full quantum-classical theory using the dagger-idempotent variant of the CP* construction presented in Ref. [CITATION] ( instead of the one from Refs. [CITATION] ) , which results in quantum-classical transitions governed by a categorical flavour of the Born rule .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 37]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [38, 39], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
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{}
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1703.10576
| 1 | 2 |
243 |
easy
| 243 |
With respect to the direction of the abnormally high flow reported by 6dFGSv , the largest and most homogeneous peculiar velocity sample of nearly 9000 galaxies [CITATION] , 103 SNe Ia are in the upper hemisphere while 637 are in the lower hemisphere .
|
With respect to the direction of the abnormally high flow reported by 6dFGSv , the largest and most homogeneous peculiar velocity sample of nearly 9000 galaxies , 103 SNe Ia are in the upper hemisphere while 637 are in the lower hemisphere .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
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{}
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{}
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1808.04597
| 2 | 3 |
244 |
easy
| 244 |
However , it can be mathematically shown that the " arbitrary cells " method intrinsecally causes the introduction of errors in the fit , as soon as a source is excluded from the cell ( e.g. , because its center is outside the cell ) but contributes with some flux in some of its pixels .
|
However , it can be mathematically shown that the " arbitrary cells " method intrinsically causes the introduction of errors in the fit , as soon as a source is excluded from the cell ( e.g. because its centre is outside the cell ) , but contributes with some flux in some of its pixels .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [39, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [38, 39]}}
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{}
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{}
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1505.02516
| 3 | 4 |
245 |
easy
| 245 |
These individual effects are regularized through an [MATH] penalty which shrinks them towards a common value.asnounLamarche proposes an optimal way to choose the corresponding penalty parameter to optimize the asymptotic efficiency of the common parameters of the conditional quantile function , see [CITATION] for an extension of this approach .
|
These individual effects are regularized through an [MATH] penalty which shrinks them towards a common value.asnounLamarche proposes an optimal way to choose the corresponding penalty parameter in order to optimize the asymptotic efficiency of the common parameters of the conditional quantile function , see [CITATION] for an extension of this approach .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 28]}}
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{}
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{}
|
1801.05041
| 1 | 2 |
246 |
easy
| 246 |
Comparing the predicted emission from our semi-analytic model to that obtained by means of our scaling relations , we find that the gamma-ray scaling relations underpredict , by up to an order of magnitude , the flux from cool core clusters .
|
Comparing the predicted emission from our semi-analytic model to that obtained by means of our scaling relations , we find that the [MATH] -ray scaling relations underpredict , by up to an order of magnitude , the flux from cool core clusters .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 24]}}
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{}
|
{}
|
1001.5023
| 1 | 2 |
247 |
easy
| 247 |
Because [MATH] and [MATH] are symmetric , [MATH] and [MATH] will always be identical even when noise is introduced .
|
[MATH] and [MATH] are symmetric so [MATH] and [MATH] will always be identical even when noise is introduced .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}
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{}
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{}
|
gr-qc-9712079
| 1 | 2 |
248 |
easy
| 248 |
" A grouping incorporates properties from two well-known mathematical structures , the group and the lattice .
|
A grouping incorporates properties from two well-known mathematical structures , the group and the lattice .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
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{}
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{}
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1410.3095
| 1 | 2 |
249 |
easy
| 249 |
We start [MATH] by defining out of equilibrium thermal propagators for bosons , in the case that one can ignore the variations of slow variables in Wigner functions [MATH] : [EQUATION]
|
We start [MATH] by defining out of equilibrium thermal propagators for bosons , in the case when we can ignore the variations of slow variables in Wigner functions [MATH] : [EQUATION]
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 18]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
hep-ph-9801399
| 1 | 2 |
250 |
easy
| 250 |
All of those authors combine [MATH] penalties with the classical [MATH] loss , and their theoretical results are not applicable to the non-smooth quantile loss function which is the main objective in this paper .
|
Their theoretical results are not directly applicable to panel data or the non-smooth quantile loss function which is the main objective in this paper ( all of the available theoretical results explicitly make use of the differentiability of the [MATH] loss function in their proofs ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 46]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1801.05041
| 1 | 2 |
251 |
easy
| 251 |
Note that when [MATH] and in view of the form of the fermionic supervielbeins [MATH] of the supercoset [MATH] ( see Appendix A.7 ) , the non-linear fermionic equation of motion [REF] as well as the linear one [REF] involve the pull-back on the string worldsheet of the [MATH] Killing spinor operator [EQUATION] which acts on the 24 fermions [MATH] associated with the supersymmetry of [MATH] ( see Appendix A.7 ) .
|
To summarize , when [MATH] and in view of the form of the fermionic supervielbeins [MATH] of the supercoset [MATH] ( see Appendix A.7 ) , the non-linear fermionic equation of motion [REF] as well as the linear one [REF] involve the pull-back on the string worldsheet of the [MATH] Killing spinor operator [EQUATION] which acts on the 24 fermions [MATH] associated with the supersymmetry of [MATH] ( see Appendix A.7 ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
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{}
|
0911.5228
| 2 | 3 |
252 |
easy
| 252 |
Figs. [REF] , [REF] and [REF] show three examples of t-phot applications on simulated and real data , using the three different options for priors .
|
Figures [REF] , [REF] and [REF] show three examples of t-phot applications on simulated and real data , using the three different options for priors .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
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{}
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{}
|
1505.02516
| 3 | 4 |
253 |
easy
| 253 |
The background-subtracted Dalitz plot is shown in Fig. [REF] .
|
Figure [REF] shows the background-subtracted Dalitz plot obtained with the [MATH] method .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1807.06782
| 1 | 2 |
254 |
easy
| 254 |
The electrophoretic mobility is a model-free read out from the two-dimensional electrophoresis NMR spectrum correlating the chemical shift , that identifies the moving species , with electrophoretic mobility [CITATION] .
|
The electrophoretic mobility is a model-free read out from the two-dimensional electrophoresis NMR spectrum correllating the chemical shift , that identifies the moving species , with electrophoretic mobility [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0709.4377
| 1 | 2 |
255 |
easy
| 255 |
In this theory , a weak field approximation gives rise to a description similar to that one obtained in general relativity , although the gravitational waves in GSG have a characteristic longitudinal polarization mode , besides others modes that are observer dependent .
|
In this theory , a weak field approximation gives rise to a description similar to that one obtained in general relativity , with the gravitational waves propagating at the same speed as the light , although they have a characteristic longitudinal polarization mode , besides others modes that are observer dependent .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 35]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 37]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1905.05690
| 1 | 2 |
256 |
easy
| 256 |
When and why could we expect the quantum annealer to do better than classical MCMC approaches ?
|
When and why should we expect the quantum annealer to do better than classical MCMC approaches ?
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}
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{}
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{}
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1510.07611
| 3 | 4 |
257 |
easy
| 257 |
This expression is fully symmetric , and is thus unchanged when [MATH] and [MATH] are exchanged .
|
This expression is anti-symmetric , multiplied by -1 when [MATH] and [MATH] are exchanged .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 8]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
physics-0510150
| 1 | 2 |
258 |
easy
| 258 |
Several structures have been proposed as the candidates for this superhard phase , such as the monoclinic M-carbon [CITATION] , cubic body center C4 carbon ( bct-C4 ) [CITATION] and the orthorhombic W-carbon [CITATION] .
|
Several structures have been proposed theoretically as the candidate for this superhard phase , such as the monoclinic M-carbon [CITATION] , cubic body center C4 carbon ( bct-C4 ) [CITATION] and the orthorhombic W-carbon [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1203.5879
| 1 | 2 |
259 |
easy
| 259 |
This [MATH] has been marginalised over the nuisance parameter [MATH] using the adaptative method in reference [CITATION] .
|
This [MATH] has been marginalized over the nuisance parameter [MATH] using the adaptive method in reference [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
0805.3481
| 1 | 2 |
260 |
easy
| 260 |
Sect. [REF] presents a comprehensive set of tests , based on both simulated and real datasets , to assess the performance of the code and to fully illustrate its capabilities and limitations .
|
Section [REF] presents a comprehensive set of tests , based on simulated and real datasets , to assess the performance of the code and to fully illustrate its capabilities and limitations .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1505.02516
| 3 | 4 |
261 |
easy
| 261 |
t-phot is aimed at extracting accurate photometry from low resolution images , where the blending of sources can be a serious problem for the accurate and unbiased measurement of fluxes and colours .
|
t-phot is aimed at extracting accurate photometry from low-resolution images , where the blending of sources can be a serious problem for the accurate and unbiased measurement of fluxes and colours .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1505.02516
| 3 | 4 |
262 |
easy
| 262 |
For this purpose we need to calculate the rms from parts of the spectra that are emission free .
|
For this purpose , we need to calculate the root-mean-square ( rms ) from parts of the spectra that are emission-free .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1308.6112
| 1 | 2 |
263 |
easy
| 263 |
Consequently , given sufficiently low amplitude noise , the measurement scheme Fig. [REF] has quantum-limited sensitivity to relative phase noise .
|
Consequently , given sufficiently low amplitude noise , the measurement scheme Fig. [REF] of relative phase noise has a quantum limited sensitivity .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 21]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1401.3528
| 2 | 3 |
264 |
easy
| 264 |
In the above relations , [MATH] and [MATH] are functions of [MATH] since [MATH] and [MATH] now vary with [MATH] as seen from Figs. ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) .
|
In the relations [REF] and [REF] , [MATH] and [MATH] are now functions of [MATH] since [MATH] and [MATH] vary with [MATH] as seen from Figs. ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) as well as from Figs. ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 38]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1710.09608
| 1 | 2 |
265 |
easy
| 265 |
The DNI approach uses an auxiliary network to predict the gradient of the backward pass directly from the input .
|
Thus [CITATION] propose and analyze Decoupled Neural Interfaces ( DNI ) , a method that uses an auxiliary network to predict the gradient of the backward pass directly from the input .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 15]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1901.08164
| 1 | 2 |
266 |
easy
| 266 |
See Algorithm [REF] for pseudocode for SD-GAN training .
|
See Algorithm [REF] for SD-GAN training pseudocode .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1705.07904
| 1 | 2 |
267 |
easy
| 267 |
Standard optical/NIR double-pass runs can be achieved setting order standard and order standard2 .
|
Standard optical/NIR double-pass runs can be achieved by setting order standard and order standard2 .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1505.02516
| 2 | 3 |
268 |
easy
| 268 |
The system of size [MATH] is partitioned into boxes of size [MATH] ( see Fig. [REF] ) .
|
The [MATH] -dimensional system of size [MATH] is partitioned into boxes of size [MATH] ( see Fig. [REF] ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1508.04284
| 1 | 2 |
269 |
easy
| 269 |
Video streaming applications can further use the partial cache contents to help the stall durations significantly , and the numerical results indicate significant improvements ( 29 ) in stall durations using the gLRU strategy as compared to the LRU strategy .
|
Video streaming applications can further use the partial cache contents to help the stall duration significantly , and the numerical results indicate significant improvements ( 32 ) in stall duration using the gLRU strategy as compared to the LRU strategy .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1806.10853
| 1 | 2 |
270 |
easy
| 270 |
Naively , the computation of the Wasserstein Distance has a complexity of [MATH] , with [MATH] being the cardinality of the indexed set of node embeddings , i.e. the number of nodes in the two graphs .
|
Naively , the computation of the Wasserstein Distance has a complexity of [MATH] , with [MATH] being the cardinality of the indexed set of node embeddings , i.e. , the number of nodes in the two graphs .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1906.01277
| 1 | 2 |
271 |
easy
| 271 |
Because these are a slow processes , our description remains valid .
|
Because these are slow processes , our description remains valid .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1211.4024
| 2 | 3 |
272 |
hard
| 272 |
For more quantitative insights on universal behaviors of DW dynamics , we follow the analysis developed in Ref. [CITATION] for magnetic field driven DW motion .
|
For more quantitative insights on dynamical universal behaviors , the velocity curves were compared to the self-consistent description of creep , depinning and flow regimes developed for magnetic field driven DW motion [CITATION] : [EQUATION] where [MATH] is the velocity at depinning threshold , and [MATH] the velocity that DW would reach at [MATH] without pinning , i.e. within the flow regime .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 25]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 62]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1904.03047
| 1 | 2 |
273 |
easy
| 273 |
Fig. [REF] indicates however that the JLA peculiar velocity ' corrections ' have assumed that the bulk flow abruptly disappears at this point !
|
Figure [REF] indicates however that the JLA peculiar velocity ' corrections ' have arbitrarily assumed that the bulk flow abruptly disappears at this point !
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1808.04597
| 2 | 3 |
274 |
easy
| 274 |
In order to formulate the constraints , we use the following cost functions , which are design to account for various attributes in the NLP instructions .
|
To formulate the constraints , we use the following cost functions , which are designed to account for various attributes in the NLP instructions .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1707.02387
| 3 | 4 |
275 |
easy
| 275 |
In order for the trapped gas to be close to the free space limit , the pulsation [MATH] is adjusted to have [MATH] , where [EQUATION] is the mean-field approximation for the chemical potential of the soliton .
|
In order for the trapped gas to be close to the free space limit , the oscillation frequency [MATH] is adjusted to have [MATH] , where [EQUATION] is the mean-field approximation for the chemical potential of the free-space soliton .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [37, 38]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 18]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0807.2194
| 1 | 2 |
276 |
easy
| 276 |
Moreover one obtains the following interior estimate
|
Moreover the following interior integral estimate holds [EQUATION]
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0811.3360
| 1 | 2 |
277 |
easy
| 277 |
Some of the basic notions such as angle , length and geodesic triangle on the extended hyperbolic plane has been considered and studied so far through cross ratio and a rather ad hoc combinatorial method .
|
Some of the basic notions such as angle , length and geodesic triangle on the extended hyperbolic plane has been considered and studied so far through cross ratio ( see [CITATION] ) and a rather ad hoc combinatorial method ( see [CITATION] ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 32]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [39, 43]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
math-0612372
| 1 | 2 |
278 |
easy
| 278 |
For a general case of separated dielectrics the Casimir energy can be calculated as in [CITATION] or [CITATION] ( for a recent discussion of these issues see [CITATION] and a review [CITATION] ) .
|
For a general case of separated dielectrics the Casimir energy can be calculated as in [CITATION] or [CITATION] ( for a recent discussion of these issues see [CITATION] and a review [CITATION] , new possible experiments in [CITATION] ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 38]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
hep-th-0512221
| 2 | 3 |
279 |
easy
| 279 |
The RHN [MATH] can be produced from the [MATH] decay , [MATH] , and then can go through a flavour violating decay , [MATH] .
|
This RHN can be produced from the [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1511.03842
| 1 | 2 |
280 |
easy
| 280 |
In the following , we use [MATH] to denote the dimensionality of the node attributes ( thus , [MATH] for the categorical labels ) .
|
In the following , we use [MATH] to denote the dimensionality of the node attributes ( [MATH] for the categorical labels ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1906.01277
| 1 | 2 |
281 |
easy
| 281 |
During the test phase a support set is randomly sampled that contains pairs [MATH] , where [MATH] is the [MATH] image in the set and [MATH] is the corresponding binary mask .
|
The support set contains pairs [MATH] , where [MATH] is the [MATH] image in the set and [MATH] is the corresponding binary mask .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1902.11123
| 1 | 2 |
282 |
hard
| 282 |
An alternate approach is to remove catch-all case of simpleArea , and to use a static analysis to determine that only values matching Circle or Square will be passed in .
|
We propose an alternate approach : remove the catch-all case of simpleArea , and use a static analysis to determine that only values matching Circle or Square will be passed in .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1905.09423
| 1 | 2 |
283 |
easy
| 283 |
In the mean-field approximation , such equations can be cast in the form of three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations [CITATION] : [EQUATION] where [MATH] and [MATH] .
|
In the mean-field approximation , such equations can be cast in the form of three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations [CITATION] , [EQUATION] where [MATH] and [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0904.1160
| 1 | 2 |
284 |
easy
| 284 |
A Wilsonian effective action can be defined , [MATH] , as the generating functional of 1PI Green 's functions obtained by integrating out loop momenta [MATH] such that [MATH] .
|
A Wilsonian effective action can be defined , [MATH] , as the generating functional of 1PI Green functions obtained by integrating out loop momenta [MATH] such that [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
hep-th-0102070
| 1 | 2 |
285 |
easy
| 285 |
Ill-defined pinch singularities characteristic of out of equilibrium thermal field theories are analyzed .
|
We analyze ill-defined pinch singularities characteristic of out of equilibrium thermal field theories .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
hep-ph-9801399
| 1 | 2 |
286 |
easy
| 286 |
We have chosen the following NNLO pQCD best fit parameterization from Ref. [CITATION] for our gluon distribution [EQUATION]
|
We have chosen the following NNLO pQCD best fit parametrization from Ref. [CITATION] for our gluon distribution [EQUATION]
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1005.0500
| 1 | 2 |
287 |
easy
| 287 |
In particular , we base our design and analysis on a prior proposal that makes no assumptions about the data being independent or identically distributed [CITATION] .
|
We base our design and analysis on a prior proposal that makes no assumptions about the data being independent or identically distributed [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1408.6491
| 1 | 2 |
288 |
easy
| 288 |
The system consists of a random array of 1024 fixed sites .
|
The system consists of a random array of [MATH] fixed sites .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1901.08956
| 1 | 2 |
289 |
easy
| 289 |
Here , we study the strong interactions among the heavy bottom spin-1/2 [MATH] baryon , nucleon and [MATH] meson as well as the heavy charmed spin-1/2 [MATH] baryon , nucleon and [MATH] meson in the context of QCD sum rules [CITATION] .
|
Here , we study the strong interactions among the heavy bottom spin-1/2 [MATH] baryon , nucleon and [MATH] meson as well as the heavy charmed spin-1/2 [MATH] baryon , nucleon and [MATH] meson in the context of QCD sum rules .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1501.05084
| 1 | 2 |
290 |
easy
| 290 |
This could simply be due to the fact that the number of fields is a vanishing fraction ( of order [MATH] ) of the number of couplings in an RBM .
|
This could happen because the number of biases is a vanishing fraction of the number of weights in an RBM .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 17]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1510.07611
| 2 | 3 |
291 |
easy
| 291 |
[MATH] and [MATH] are both functions of [MATH] , while [MATH] does not scale with [MATH] .
|
Here [MATH] and [MATH] are both functions of [MATH] , while [MATH] does not scale with [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1409.6021
| 1 | 2 |
292 |
easy
| 292 |
Finally , the same theoretical approach used in this work , and tested on the well-known resonance [MATH] , can be applied to other resonances whose nature is not yet clarified , the so-called [MATH] and [MATH] states [CITATION] .
|
Finally , the same theoretical approach used in this work can be applied to other resonances whose nature is not yet clarified , the so-called [MATH] and [MATH] states [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1712.00969
| 1 | 2 |
293 |
easy
| 293 |
The continuous connection of these states is therefore also in the universal region .
|
The continuous connection of these bound states and resonances is therefore also in the universal region .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0911.1722
| 2 | 3 |
294 |
easy
| 294 |
The resulting motion is then equivalent to a thermal equilibrium at a different temperature [MATH] given by [EQUATION]
|
The resulting motion is then equivalent to a thermal equilibrium at a different temperature [MATH] which can be either reduced or increased depending on the sign of the gain [MATH] [EQUATION]
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 30]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
quant-ph-9903094
| 1 | 2 |
295 |
easy
| 295 |
This approach used [MATH] unknowns in total : the [MATH] lengths of the squares , and also the [MATH] and [MATH] coordinates of the squares ' North-West corners .
|
This approach used [MATH] unknowns in total : the [MATH] lengths of the subsquares , and also the [MATH] and [MATH] coordinates of the subsquares ' North-West corners .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1308.5420
| 1 | 2 |
296 |
easy
| 296 |
Thus we underestimate the temperature in cases where there is indeed substructure .
|
Thus , we underestimate the temperature in cases where there is indeed substructure .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1308.6112
| 1 | 2 |
297 |
easy
| 297 |
Similarly , the CP asymmetry in [MATH] [CITATION] [EQUATION] provides an equation for [MATH] and [MATH] .
|
Similarly , the direct CP asymmetry in [MATH] [CITATION] [EQUATION] provides an equation for [MATH] and [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
hep-ph-0410170
| 2 | 3 |
298 |
easy
| 298 |
We now describe how to generalize this variational formulation to be consistent with Eq. [REF] and demands ( a ) - ( c ) stated in the introduction .
|
We now describe how to generalize this variational formulation to be consistent with Eq. [REF] and demands ( a ) - ( b ) stated in the introduction .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1103.3516
| 1 | 2 |
299 |
easy
| 299 |
Part of the ionized electrons produced in the same interaction drift vertically upward between the cathode and gate , and get extracted by a stronger field between the gate and the anode into the gas , producing proportional scintillation photons ( S2 ) .
|
Some of the electrons from ionization produced in the same interaction drift vertically upward between the cathode and gate , and get extracted by a stronger field between the gate and the anode into the gas , producing proportional scintillation photons ( S2 ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 6]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1602.00858
| 1 | 2 |
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