id
int64 0
599
| easy-or-hard
stringclasses 2
values | sentence-pair-index
int64 0
599
| sentence-1
stringlengths 33
540
| sentence-2
stringlengths 26
520
| edits-combination-0
stringlengths 2
1.91k
| edits-combination-1
stringclasses 1
value | edits-combination-2
stringclasses 1
value | arxiv-id
stringlengths 9
16
| sentence-1-level
int64 1
5
| sentence-2-level
int64 2
6
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
500 |
easy
| 500 |
Because we have consistently retained the leading order in all the approximations involving the bulk-flow , the two important flow properties discussed in Section [REF] remain unaltered .
|
Because we have retained the leading order in all the approximations involving the bulk-flow , the two important flow properties discussed in Section [REF] remain unaltered .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1406.4864
| 1 | 2 |
501 |
easy
| 501 |
The magnetic field appears as an additional effective phase breaking rate for the time reversed trajectories responsible of the WL leading to an effective [MATH] given by [CITATION] : [EQUATION] where [MATH] can be understood as a renormalized width which appears in the WL correction for a semi ballistic wire in the regime [MATH] due to the phenomenon of flux cancellation .
|
The magnetic field appears as an additional effective phase breaking rate for the time reversed trajectories responsible for the WL leading to an effective [MATH] given by [CITATION] : [EQUATION] where [MATH] is a renormalized width which appears in the WL correction for a semi ballistic wire ( [MATH] ) due to the phenomenon of flux cancellation .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 54], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 50]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
cond-mat-0402534
| 1 | 2 |
502 |
easy
| 502 |
Clear correlation between QPO parameters and X-ray flux have been found , when the source have been in its initial bright hard state .
|
When the source was observed in VHS , a clear correlation between QPO parameters and X-ray flux was seen .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 7]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 19]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
astro-ph-9903306
| 1 | 2 |
503 |
easy
| 503 |
We see a number of different sizes and shapes from small spherical clouds to expanded filaments and more complex structures .
|
We see a number of different sizes and shapes that range from small spherical clouds to expanded filaments and more complex structures .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1308.6112
| 1 | 2 |
504 |
easy
| 504 |
( Outline ) Bernoulli sampling is done in expected time [MATH] by generating skip values with a geometric distribution .
|
( Outline ) Bernoulli sampling is done in expected time [MATH] by generating skip values with a geometric distribution using success probability [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 23]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1502.03942
| 1 | 2 |
505 |
easy
| 505 |
We then find the solution valid to [MATH] [EQUATION] where in the second line of ( [REF] ) we have taken the early-time limit [MATH] .
|
We then find the solution valid to [MATH] [EQUATION] where in the second line of ( [REF] ) we focus on the early-time regime where [MATH] is negative and large .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 30]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 21]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1505.04226
| 1 | 2 |
506 |
easy
| 506 |
We run separate experiments with the slowdown applied at each layer of the network as well as 3 random seeds for each of these settings ( for a total of 18 experiments per data point ) .
|
We run separate experiments with the slowdown applied at each layer of the network as well as 3 random seeds for each of these settings ( thus 18 experiments per data point ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1901.08164
| 1 | 2 |
507 |
hard
| 507 |
This entropy quantifies the amount of missing information regarding the property [MATH] in the pure or mixed quantum state .
|
This operator entropy quantifies the amount of information about the property [MATH] that is missing in the ( pure or mixed ) quantum state .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 14]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1901.08956
| 1 | 2 |
508 |
easy
| 508 |
These sources also have a galactocentric radius of 6 kpc .
|
These sources also have a Galactocentric radius of 6 kpc .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1308.6112
| 1 | 2 |
509 |
easy
| 509 |
They are read out from the top by 4 photomultiplier tubes ( PMT ) per cell .
|
They are read out from the top by four photomultiplier tubes ( PMT ) per cell .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1806.02096
| 1 | 2 |
510 |
easy
| 510 |
The Fig. [REF] shows there is a continuous phase and does't appear phase transition with [MATH] .
|
Fig. [REF] shows a continuous phase and does not appear phase transition with [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1806.00361
| 1 | 2 |
511 |
easy
| 511 |
This value of [MATH] is much less than other values that are obtained in the literature [CITATION] and , in this sense , compares more favourably with the recent LHC results [CITATION] which suggest [MATH] GeV .
|
This value of [MATH] is not far from the recent LHC results [CITATION] which suggest [MATH] GeV .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 8]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1201.3968
| 2 | 3 |
512 |
easy
| 512 |
In Sec. 4 conclusions are drawn .
|
In Sec. [REF] conclusions are drawn .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1712.00969
| 1 | 2 |
513 |
easy
| 513 |
Accordingly , the final baryon-to-entropy ratio can be rewritten as [CITATION] [EQUATION] where [MATH] is given by [EQUATION] with [EQUATION]
|
Accordingly , the final baryon-to-entropy ratio can be rewritten as [CITATION] [EQUATION] where the parameter [MATH] is defined as [EQUATION] with [EQUATION]
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 19]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1707.05535
| 1 | 2 |
514 |
easy
| 514 |
The calculations have to be performed numerically because the function [MATH] appearing in param is not known , but is defined implicitly by klh .
|
The calculations have to be performed numerically because the function [MATH] appearing in param is not known , but it is defined implicitly by klh .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1510.04030
| 2 | 3 |
515 |
easy
| 515 |
Since [MATH] by our assumption , it follows that [EQUATION] and therefore [MATH] are uniformly integrable .
|
It follows that [EQUATION]
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1711.00427
| 2 | 3 |
516 |
easy
| 516 |
The central energy of the Gaussian line is swept over 6.0 keV to 7.1 keV with a step of 0.1 keV .
|
The central energy of the Gaussian line is swept from 6.0 keV to 7.1 keV in steps of 0.1 keV .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 17]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0812.3358
| 1 | 2 |
517 |
easy
| 517 |
In this section we prove that the invariant manifold obtained in the last section has the asymptotic completeness property .
|
In this section we prove Theorem [REF] , by showing that the invariant manifold obtained in the last section has the almost sure asymptotic completeness property .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
math-0607050
| 1 | 2 |
518 |
easy
| 518 |
Suppose that during MCMC we would like to exchange information between a pair of chains ( typically of consecutive temperatures in the ladder ) [MATH] and [MATH] where [MATH] and [MATH] are [MATH] -dimensional vectors that indicate the current states of these chains .
|
Suppose that during MCMC we would like to exchange information between a pair of chains [MATH] and [MATH] where [MATH] and [MATH] are [MATH] -dimensional vectors that indicate the current states of these chains .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1703.08520
| 1 | 2 |
519 |
easy
| 519 |
Since we are dealing with a self-modifying parser , we would run into problems if the parser were to backtrack , from [MATH] to [MATH] -not insurmountable problems , to be sure , but we will find a satisfactory non-backtracking method of parsing that does not have these problems .
|
Since we are dealing with a self-modifying parser , we would run into problems if the parser were to backtrack from [MATH] to [MATH] -not insurmountable problems , to be sure , but we will find a satisfactory non-backtracking method of parsing that does not have these problems .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
cs-0605104
| 1 | 2 |
520 |
easy
| 520 |
Recently , there has been a proliferation of sensors that monitor diverse kinds of real-time data .
|
Recently , there has been a proliferation of sensors that monitor diverse kinds of real-time data representing time-series behaviors or signals generated by systems and devices that are monitored through such sensors .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 32]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1802.08924
| 1 | 2 |
521 |
easy
| 521 |
Remarkably , important features of Anderson localization , such as the existence of a metallic phase and the qualitative characteristics of the Anderson transition , depend only on the dimensionality and the symmetries of the system , in close analogy to conventional continuous phase transitions .
|
Remarkably , important features of Anderson localization , such as the existence of a metallic phase and the qualitative characteristics of the Anderson transition , depend on the dimensionality and the symmetries of the system , in close analogy to conventional continuous phase transitions .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1508.04284
| 1 | 2 |
522 |
easy
| 522 |
The corresponding values of [MATH] and [MATH] are given in terms of the scale of colour shown on the right of every plot .
|
The corresponding values of [MATH] and [MATH] are given in terms of the colour scale shown on the right of every plot .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 15]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1510.04030
| 2 | 3 |
523 |
easy
| 523 |
Again , both the the thermal fluctuations of the substrate and that of the environment contribute to the boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom out of thermal equilibrium , but now their contributions are of the same order and all proportional to [MATH] .
|
Again , the thermal fluctuations of both the substrate and that of the environment contribute to the boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom out of thermal equilibrium , but now their contributions are of the same order and are all proportional to [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [38, 39]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1408.4517
| 1 | 2 |
524 |
easy
| 524 |
Again , it can be seen that numerical errors are clearly not playing a large part .
|
Again , it can be seen that numerical errors are not playing a large part .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1007.1599
| 1 | 2 |
525 |
easy
| 525 |
The transmission function [MATH] should be selected so that [MATH] is [MATH] - distributed , and is a fixed function of some random variable [MATH] satisfying properties [MATH] and [MATH] .
|
The transmission function [MATH] should be selected so that [MATH] is [MATH] -distributed , and is a fixed function of some random variable [MATH] satisfying properties [MATH] and [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1204.4249
| 1 | 2 |
526 |
easy
| 526 |
We abuse the notation [MATH] to mean both the intersection and the winding number of the intersection , so the left-hand Eq. ( [REF] ) should be read as stating that there are equally many positive points as negative points in the total intersection .
|
We abuse the notation [MATH] to mean both the intersection and the winding number of the intersection , so the left-hand side of Eq. ( [REF] ) should be read as stating that there are equally many positive points as negative points in the total intersection .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1211.4024
| 2 | 3 |
527 |
easy
| 527 |
[MATH] corresponds to the nuclear structure factor [MATH] where [MATH] is given for instance by Eq. ( 12 ) of Croft et al [CITATION] or Eq. [REF] below .
|
[MATH] corresponds to the nuclear structure factor [MATH] where [MATH] is given for instance by Eq. ( 12 ) in [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1710.08173
| 2 | 3 |
528 |
easy
| 528 |
We compute the Gaussian Mixture Model ( GMM ) on the probability distribution [MATH] and model our probability with non-root factors as following : [EQUATION]
|
We compute the Gaussian Mixture Model ( GMM ) on the probability distribution [MATH] and model our probability with non-root factors as follows : [EQUATION] where [MATH] is the normalization factor , [MATH] is the feature function , and [MATH] and [MATH] are the log-linearization of the feature function .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 50]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1707.02387
| 2 | 3 |
529 |
easy
| 529 |
Taking Lemma [REF] and ( [REF] ) into account , we have [EQUATION] and [EQUATION] .
|
Taking Lemma [REF] and ( [REF] ) into account with [MATH] , we have [EQUATION] and [EQUATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1312.0576
| 1 | 2 |
530 |
easy
| 530 |
The current shifts significantly the resonant configuration for the bottom and surface wavenumbers .
|
The current imposed here shifts significantly the resonant configuration for the bottom and surface wavenumbers .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
physics-0510150
| 1 | 2 |
531 |
easy
| 531 |
Due to asymptotic freedom , the coupling of strong interactions decreases when the energy of the process increases .
|
As a consequence of asymptotic freedom , the coupling of strong interactions decreases when the energy of the process increases .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 4]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1301.4457
| 2 | 3 |
532 |
easy
| 532 |
We find that it will be challenging to detect cluster gamma-ray emission with Fermi after the first year but this mission has the potential of constraining interesting values of the shock acceleration efficiency after several years of surveying .
|
We find that it will be challenging to detect cluster [MATH] -ray emission with Fermi after the second year but this mission has the potential of constraining interesting values of the shock acceleration efficiency after several years of surveying .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1001.5023
| 1 | 2 |
533 |
easy
| 533 |
The resolution of the 3-dimensional coordinate table which moves the sensor is 0.01 mm .
|
The resolution of the CMM which moves the sensor is 0.01 mm .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0907.5490
| 1 | 2 |
534 |
easy
| 534 |
Let us first consider the binding energy in order to determine which channel can form bound state and calculate the spectra of the chiral partners .
|
Let us first consider the binding energy in order to determine which channel can form the bound state and calculate the spectra of the chiral partners .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1212.5079
| 1 | 2 |
535 |
easy
| 535 |
In the linear case , [MATH] , [MATH] is a Gaussian process , which for fixed [MATH] has white noise statistics with independent components of unit strength as required by [MATH] .
|
In the linear case , [MATH] , [MATH] is a Gaussian process , which for fixed [MATH] has white noise statistics with independent components of unit strength , as imposed by [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 28]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1305.1209
| 1 | 2 |
536 |
easy
| 536 |
We will show that the greedy learning objective can be solved with an alternative optimization algorithm , which permits decoupling the computations and achieving update unlocking .
|
We will show that the greedy learning objective used in these papers can be solved with an alternative optimization algorithm , which permits decoupling the computations and achieves update unlocking .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 28]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1901.08164
| 1 | 2 |
537 |
easy
| 537 |
Second , the average value of the vacuum energy density decays as [MATH] and the average value of the Hubble parameter as [MATH] , whereas the average scale parameter increases as [MATH] .
|
Second , the average value of the vacuum energy density decays as [MATH] and the average value of the Hubble parameter as [MATH] , while the average scale parameter increases as [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0806.2805
| 1 | 2 |
538 |
easy
| 538 |
The reflected field is mixed on two photodiodes with a 10-mW local oscillator derived from the incident beam .
|
The reflected field is mixed with a 10-mW local oscillator and a servoloop monitors the length of the local oscillator arm so that we measure the phase fluctuations of the reflected field .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 32]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
quant-ph-9903094
| 1 | 2 |
539 |
easy
| 539 |
In [CITATION] , NOMA is considered in a VLC scenario and the performance is compared with orthogonal frequency division multiple acces ( OFDMA ) scheme .
|
In [CITATION] , NOMA is considered in a VLC scenario where the respective performance is compared to that of the orthogonal frequency division multiple access ( OFDMA ) scheme .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1801.04888
| 1 | 2 |
540 |
hard
| 540 |
Indeed , few studies have tackled this subject with different approaches [CITATION] uncovering a rich phenomenology .
|
Indeed , only a few studies have tackled this subject , and each with a different approach [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 13]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1404.1006
| 1 | 2 |
541 |
hard
| 541 |
Our approach is shown to match or exceed state of the art approaches addressing these problems and shown able to scale to much large datasets than others .
|
This work matches or exceeds state-of-the-art approaches addressing these problems and is able to scale to much large datasets than others .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1901.08164
| 1 | 2 |
542 |
hard
| 542 |
More specifically , the nuclear structure factor for ( 01L ) reflections can be written as , [EQUATION] where [MATH] is a sum of neutron coherent scattering length of the various atoms ( Y , Ba , Cu , O ) already present in the parent tetragonal compound , YBa [MATH] Cu [MATH] O [MATH] .
|
As an attempt to describe this experimental situation , the nuclear structure factor for the ( 0KL ) reflections can be approximated by , [EQUATION] where [MATH] is a sum of neutron coherent scattering length of the various atoms ( Y , Ba , Cu , O ) already present in the parent compound , YBa [MATH] Cu [MATH] O [MATH] .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1710.08173
| 1 | 2 |
543 |
hard
| 543 |
Small parts in the East are slower , with 95 kms [MATH] , while a tip in the Northwest is faster , around 105 kms [MATH] .
|
Small parts in the east are slower at 95 kms [MATH] , while a tip in the northwest is faster with velocities around 105 kms [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 22]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1308.6112
| 1 | 2 |
544 |
hard
| 544 |
For the RNN component in our system , we use a 3-layers LSTM network for ECSGA and 2-layers LSTM network for ATIS , they are all with unit size 100 .
|
For the RNN component in our system , we use a 3-layers BiLSTM networks for ECSA and 2-layers BiLSTM networks for ATIS ( no named entity tagging in this case ) , and all LSTM networks come with hidden state size 100 .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1803.11326
| 2 | 3 |
545 |
hard
| 545 |
To automate these experiments , we created AdFisher , a tool that automates randomized , controlled experiments for learning about online tracking .
|
To conduct these studies , we developed AdFisher , a tool for automating randomized , controlled experiments for studying online tracking .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 13]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1408.6491
| 1 | 2 |
546 |
hard
| 546 |
We use the previous Plastic Surgery approach , proposed by Barr et al. [CITATION] , as a comparison baseline and examine the effectiveness of our NMT-based technique .
|
We use the pattern-based patch suggestion inspired by the Plastic Surgery work [CITATION] , as a comparison baseline and examine the effectiveness of our NMT-based technique .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1812.07170
| 1 | 2 |
547 |
easy
| 547 |
Mostly we would update each chain independently , but occasionally exchange information between the chains .
|
Each chain is updated independently , with occasional information exchange between the chains so that more substantial movement in the higher temperature chains can filter down to the slower moving low temperature chains .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 33]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1703.08520
| 1 | 2 |
548 |
hard
| 548 |
We show that the differential relative absorption of the probe radiation , see Fig. [REF] , contains a certain quantum information about initial superposition states encoded in [MATH] .
|
We explicitly show that the differential relative absorption of the probe radiation given by Eq. ( [REF] ) and shown in Fig. [REF] contains a response from the initial superposition states encoded in [MATH] , [MATH] .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1703.02280
| 1 | 2 |
549 |
hard
| 549 |
A step into this direction was initiated by Hardy in his program of merging the theory of general relativity with quantum theory [CITATION] , by proposing to extend quantum theory to dynamical causal structures .
|
A step in this direction was taken by Hardy with his program of merging general relativity with quantum theory [CITATION] , in which he proposes to extend the latter to dynamical causal structures , a feature of general relativity ( see [CITATION] for a recent review on quantum theory and causality ) .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1403.7333
| 1 | 2 |
550 |
hard
| 550 |
[CITATION] , however , used synthetic magnetograms extracted from MHD simulations , in which the true flows are known , to show that optical flow methods essentially estimate the horizontal velocity , [MATH] , although these estimates can be affected by vertical flows .
|
Using the same test data , [CITATION] subsequently argued that optical flow methods , such as LCT , essentially estimate the horizontal velocity , [MATH] , although their estimates can be affected by vertical flows
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1402.4794
| 2 | 3 |
551 |
hard
| 551 |
To highlight the first advantage , we first have to discuss the shortcomings when growing complicated structures directly on top of graphene .
|
First , we discuss several shortcomings when growing electrode material directly onto the graphene surface .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1503.01735
| 1 | 2 |
552 |
hard
| 552 |
By contrast , those algorithms that require full gradient evaluations either incur an extra communication cost for synchronization or incur an extra computational cost for the asynchronous version to converge ; see , e.g. , [CITATION] .
|
By contrast , those algorithms that require full gradients evaluation either need extra communication for synchronization or need extra computational cost for the asynchronous version to converge ; See e.g. [CITATION] .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1609.03261
| 2 | 3 |
553 |
hard
| 553 |
Because the same holds for two parties , it was conjectured that also in the multi-party setting , a predefined causal order emerges in that limit .
|
It was shown for the two-party case , however , that a global causal structure always emerges in the macroscopic limit .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1403.7333
| 1 | 2 |
554 |
hard
| 554 |
It is remarkable that this agreement is achieved in a limit where the conductance on the scale of the period of the network , [MATH] , is of the order of the quantum conductance , in contrast with metallic wires where the number of channels is of order 1000 .
|
In contrast , metallic wires deep in the diffusive regime have a number of conducting channels of order 1000 and [MATH] is always fulfilled .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
cond-mat-0402534
| 1 | 2 |
555 |
hard
| 555 |
In order to demonstrate the benefit of the adaptive method that can incrementally update the weights unlike previous methods we evaluate on iPASCAL for continuous semantic segmentation .
|
Section [REF] demonstrates the benefit of AMP in the context of continuous semantic segmentation on the proposed incremental PASCAL VOC evaluation framework , iPASCAL .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1902.11123
| 3 | 4 |
556 |
hard
| 556 |
We observe that the time variation of [MATH] is nearly periodic and identical for the active and inactive oscillators .
|
We observe that the time variations of [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] are nearly periodic and identical for the active , initially inactive and the full set of oscillators .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1710.09608
| 1 | 2 |
557 |
hard
| 557 |
We can also derive an emitter size constraint , imposing a maximum expansion speed of c ( light speed ) , and the Hillas criterion , in which the minimum size of the source capable of accelerating particles to the given energy [MATH] is [MATH] ( where [MATH] cm ) , the Larmor radius .
|
We can also derive a constraint on the size of the emission region , imposing a maximum expansion speed of [MATH] ( the speed of light ) , and the Hillas criterion , in which the minimum size of a source capable of accelerating particles to a given energy [MATH] is [MATH] ( where [MATH] cm ) , the Larmor radius .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 13]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [39, 40]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [39, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [46, 47]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 26]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0812.3358
| 1 | 2 |
558 |
easy
| 558 |
Even more remarkably , we demonstrate that the WD survives the initial Ia event , receiving a large velocity kick from the asymmetric nature of the initial deflagration , and is significantly enriched with both intermediate-mass ( IME 's ) and iron-group elements ( IGE 's ) , forming a peculiar heavy/iron core WD .
|
Even more remarkably , the remnant WD receives a large velocity kick from the asymmetric nature of the deflagration , and is enriched with both intermediate-mass ( IME 's ) and iron-group elements ( IGE 's ) , forming a peculiar WD with a heavey/iron-rich core .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 8]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [51, 54], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [41, 46]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1208.5069
| 1 | 2 |
559 |
hard
| 559 |
The exponentially small finite-volume corrections in Eq. ( [REF] ) are due to the dimer wavefunction wrapping once around the periodic boundary [CITATION] .
|
The topological factor [MATH] for the [MATH] -wave dimer wavefunction wrapping around the periodic boundary once is given by [CITATION] [EQUATION] where [EQUATION] accounts for the finite-volume energy shift of a dimer moving with center-of-mass momentum [MATH] in the fermion-dimer system [EQUATION]
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1309.2616
| 1 | 2 |
560 |
hard
| 560 |
Now , let [MATH] be the [MATH] th Lebesgue partition of [MATH] which is defined as : [MATH] and for [MATH] [EQUATION]
|
Next , we define the sequence of Lebesgue partitions generated by [MATH] as : [MATH] and for [MATH] [EQUATION] .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1807.05692
| 3 | 4 |
561 |
hard
| 561 |
We have developed the study of the cross Kerr effect in the propagation of two pulses , named trigger and probe , in a medium of four-level atoms in the tripod configuration , dressed by a third strong field in the running- or imperfect standing-wave configuration .
|
We have presented a comprehensive study of the cross Kerr effect in the propagation of two weak laser fields , a trigger and a probe , in a medium of four-level atoms in the tripod configuration , dressed by a third strong coupling field in the quasi-standing wave configuration .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1012.2247
| 1 | 2 |
562 |
easy
| 562 |
A straightforward calculation shows that Bragg peak intensity in the ( 10L ) or ( 01L ) Bragg peaks cross-section varies considerably with the amount of actual oxygen atoms from x=6 ( tetragonal phase ) to x=7 ( orthorhombic phase with full Cu-O chain ) [CITATION] .
|
A straightforward calculation using Eq. [REF] shows that Bragg peak intensiies in the ( 01L ) and ( 006 ) Bragg peaks cross-section vary considerably with the amount of actual oxygen atoms from x=6 ( tetragonal phase ) to x=7 ( orthorhombic phase with full Cu-O chain ) [CITATION] .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1710.08173
| 1 | 2 |
563 |
hard
| 563 |
So we just need to investigate the estimation of [MATH] in ( [REF] ) with [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] known .
|
Since estimations for [MATH] have been given by Huang et al. ( 2011 ) , we just need to found some suitable estimations of [MATH] with other parameters known .
|
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{}
|
{}
|
1310.4021
| 3 | 4 |
564 |
hard
| 564 |
This means that the four-dimensional potential will exceed the tension of a D3-brane , opening the possibility for brane tunneling [CITATION] or nucleation [CITATION] via the Brown-Teitelboim mechanism .
|
However , the four-dimensional potential will be of order [MATH] , which exceeds the tension of a D3-brane by two orders of magnitude , opening the possibility for brane tunneling [CITATION] or nucleation [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 23]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 12]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}
|
{}
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{}
|
1211.4024
| 1 | 2 |
565 |
hard
| 565 |
When we fine-tune the network with real images from Human3.6M ( Real+Synth ) , the segmentations look very similar to the ground truth and we outperform the baseline by a large margin .
|
When we fine-tune the network with real images from Human3.6M ( Synth+Real ) , the model predicts very accurate segmentations and outperforms the ' Real ' baseline by a large margin .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 20]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}
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{}
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{}
|
1701.01370
| 1 | 2 |
566 |
easy
| 566 |
Construct the bootstrap test statistics by [EQUATION] where [MATH] if [MATH] is empty .
|
For every [MATH] , the bootstrapped test statistics is defined by [EQUATION] where [MATH] is [MATH] if [MATH] is empty .
|
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{}
|
{}
|
1511.04162
| 1 | 2 |
567 |
easy
| 567 |
We texture the body model with texture maps extracted from two types of real scans .
|
We use two types of real scans for the texture of body models .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 13]}}
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{}
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{}
|
1701.01370
| 1 | 2 |
568 |
hard
| 568 |
Recent quantitative measurement of the collapse and explosion of BEC reported in Ref. [CITATION] motivated us to investigate the extent to which the mean-field theory explains the experimental observations .
|
The recent quantitative measurements on collapsing and exploding BEC reported in Ref. [CITATION] have motivated us to investigate to what extent mean-field theory can explain the experimental observations .
|
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|
{}
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{}
|
cond-mat-0107248
| 1 | 2 |
569 |
easy
| 569 |
It proposed a 2-branch architecture as well , where the second branch is responsible for learning prototypes that can aid the final segmentation task .
|
In this method , the second branch predicts the parameters for the final segmentation layer .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}
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{}
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{}
|
1902.11123
| 2 | 3 |
570 |
easy
| 570 |
The branching ratios are in rough agreement with those quoted in PDG , but the total [MATH] three-level width is sizably smaller than the one referred in PDG which includes all decay channels .
|
The branching ratios are in agreement with those quoted in PDG for the [MATH] .
|
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{}
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{}
|
1712.00969
| 1 | 2 |
571 |
hard
| 571 |
In order to accelerate data acquisition while keeping the advantages of multiple activation coils , in this paper we use CS techniques where we use random as well as deterministic coil activation patterns .
|
In order to accelerate data acquisition and to improve imaging resolution , we use CS techniques and develop a Douglas-Rachford based sparse reconstruction algorithm .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1805.01605
| 1 | 2 |
572 |
easy
| 572 |
Nevertheless , for any set of gene trees , there are ranges of branch length where the null hypothesis is rejected for some branches in the range but not for others ( Fig. [REF] ) .
|
We introduced a new test for rejecting the null hypothesis that a branch in the species tree should be replaced by a polytomy .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1708.08916
| 3 | 4 |
573 |
hard
| 573 |
In the next section , we will consider this compromise between limited feedback ( with lower computational burden and overhead ) and better user rates during the NOMA transmission .
|
In the subsequent sections , we consider this compromise between the limited-feedback ( with lower computational burden and overhead ) and the full CSI ( with better user rates ) mechanisms for the NOMA transmission .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 31]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1801.04888
| 1 | 2 |
574 |
easy
| 574 |
A very interesting and deep study of the Odderon in gauge/string duality was presented in ref [CITATION] but without discussing its Regge trajectories .
|
Interesting studies of the Odderon in gauge/string dualities were presented in refs. [CITATION] .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1301.4457
| 1 | 2 |
575 |
easy
| 575 |
To achieve slow-roll inflation , we will require the scalar field [MATH] to initially have a super-Planckian vev .
|
To achieve 60 e-folds of slow-roll inflation , we must arrange the scalar field [MATH] to initially have a super-Planckian vacuum expectation value , [MATH] .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1211.4024
| 1 | 2 |
576 |
hard
| 576 |
However , it seems to have characteristics of a soft polytomy ( decreasing [MATH] -value ) , which would have been resolved had we had more genes .
|
Even with the full dataset , a polytomy is not rejected , though the decreasing [MATH] -values point to the possibility that this relationship would have been resolved had we had more genes .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 24]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1708.08916
| 3 | 4 |
577 |
hard
| 577 |
Modelling these processes is more complicated , and requires assumptions about the ionisation state , geometry , and metalicity of H [MATH] regions , and the dust mass , composition and geometry .
|
Modelling these processes is complicated , requiring assumptions about the ionization state , the geometry , the metalicity , the dust mass and the composition of H [MATH] regions .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
astro-ph-0210471
| 2 | 3 |
578 |
hard
| 578 |
If we show the ground states masses in the initial and final channels by [MATH] and [MATH] , respectively , the quantities [MATH] and [MATH] are the energies needed to excite the initial and final particles to their first excited states with the same quantum numbers .
|
If the ground state masses are given by [MATH] and [MATH] for the initial and final channels , respectively , to excite the particle to the first excited state having the same quantum numbers with them one needs to provide the energies [MATH] and [MATH] .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1501.05084
| 1 | 2 |
579 |
hard
| 579 |
Negative Coulomb drag is also observed in two regimes : one at low electronic density when the drag wire is depleted , and one at higher electronic density when the drag wire has more than a single one-dimensional subband occupied .
|
In addition , negative Coulomb drag is observed in two clearly distinct regimes : one at low electronic density when the drag wire is close to or beyond depletion , and one at higher electronic density when [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [37, 38]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 29]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1008.5155
| 2 | 3 |
580 |
easy
| 580 |
Although the definition of [MATH] contains self-coupling terms for all the nine gluons , the Abelian gluon contribution drops out in the sum .
|
Although the definition of the covariant tensor [REF] contains self-coupling terms for [MATH] gluons , the Abelian gluon contribution actually drops out in the sum .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1010.0748
| 1 | 2 |
581 |
hard
| 581 |
In the best fit where this has an exponentially decaying form [MATH] , the dipole [MATH] is larger than the monopole [MATH] and its scale parameter is [MATH] suggesting that the bulk flow extends out to far larger redshift than is expected in a [MATH] CDM universe .
|
In the best fit where this has an exponentially decaying form [MATH] , the dipole [MATH] is much larger than the monopole [MATH] and its scale parameter is [MATH] indicating that the impact of the bulk flow dominates over any isotropic acceleration out to [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 35]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [38, 42]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [36, 44], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [45, 47], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [33, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [37, 38]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1808.04597
| 2 | 3 |
582 |
easy
| 582 |
We compare the DGL method to others , showing it is a state-of-the-art solution for decoupling training of deep network modules .
|
We conduct experiments that empirically show that DGL optimizes the greedy objective well , showing it is favorable against recent state-of-the-art proposals for decoupling training of deep network modules .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 13]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 20]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1901.08164
| 1 | 2 |
583 |
easy
| 583 |
Since vertices in [MATH] all have voltage [MATH] , we can write the above linear equation into [EQUATION] where ( [REF] ) leads to [EQUATION]
|
Since vertices in [MATH] all have voltage [MATH] , we can restrict this equation to vertices in [MATH] as [MATH] , which leads to [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 22]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1802.02556
| 1 | 2 |
584 |
hard
| 584 |
The usual GP equation describes the unitary evolution of the macroscopic wave function [MATH] , and the number of atoms [MATH] is conserved .
|
The GP equation describes unitary time evolution of a macroscopic " wave function " [MATH] , and conserves the total number of atoms [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '7': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
cond-mat-0107248
| 1 | 2 |
585 |
easy
| 585 |
The same vev also induces the mixing between the RHN [MATH] and light neutrino [MATH] and corresponding mixing angle is given by [EQUATION] which leads to [MATH] decay to SM gauge bosons .
|
The same vev also instigates the mixing between the right-handed neutrino [MATH] and left-handed neutrino [MATH] and corresponding mixing angle is given by [EQUATION] which leads to [MATH] decay to SM gauge bosons and leptons .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 35]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1511.03842
| 1 | 2 |
586 |
easy
| 586 |
Next , we study loop- or shell-like motifs of cliques using a recently developed method from algebraic topology called persistent homology , which detects the presence and robustness of cycles , or topological cavities in the network architecture .
|
Next , we study topological cavities using a recently developed method from algebraic topology , which detects the presence and robustness , summarized by a quantity called persistence ) , of shell-like motifs of cliques called cycles in the network architecture .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 37]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 30]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1608.03520
| 1 | 2 |
587 |
easy
| 587 |
The number of points is [MATH] , and [MATH] are used as a training set while the rest are used for test .
|
The number of points we generate is [MATH] , of which [MATH] are reserved for test and [MATH] of the remaining training set was reserved for validation .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 27]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1810.04247
| 2 | 3 |
588 |
easy
| 588 |
Searching strategy for SUSY strongly depends on the lightest supersymetric particle ( LSP ) , as well as R-parity conservation or violation [CITATION] .
|
The sneutrino can be considered as another candidate for the LSP [CITATION] , as well as R-parity conservation or violation [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1206.6958
| 1 | 2 |
589 |
easy
| 589 |
Furthermore , the three-body continuum states introduce a small additional error to the calculation of the two-body energy levels .
|
Our initial two-body cluster states [MATH] will have only a very small overlap with the three-body continuum states .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1309.2616
| 1 | 2 |
590 |
hard
| 590 |
We treat the rows of [MATH] independently , so denoting the transition probability for chain [MATH] by [MATH] , i.e. [EQUATION] we can express [MATH] as follows [EQUATION] .
|
By denoting the overall transition probability [MATH] for chain [MATH] by [MATH] , we can express [MATH] in terms of [MATH] as follows [MATH] where [EQUATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 25]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 20]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1703.08520
| 1 | 2 |
591 |
hard
| 591 |
However , comparing with the schemes of Ref. [CITATION] , our scheme can endure uncooperation of one of supervisors .
|
In contrast , our scheme can endure the loss of the measurement information of one of the supervisors ( Bob and Charlie ) .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 23]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 13]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0906.0826
| 1 | 2 |
592 |
easy
| 592 |
One can show that the first non vanishing contribution , for rapidly decreasing derivatives of [MATH] , comes from the third order expansion , which results in [EQUATION] where we have used ( [REF] ) to leading order in [MATH] to recognize the factor [MATH] .
|
If [MATH] and its derivatives are rapidly decreasing functions , one can show that the first non vanishing contribution to [MATH] comes from the third order expansion , which results in [EQUATION] where we have used ( [REF] ) to leading order in [MATH] to recognize the factor [MATH] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 21]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
0807.2194
| 1 | 2 |
593 |
hard
| 593 |
An appropriate method for this was to regard it as an example of the exact cover problem : covering each of the [MATH] unit subsquares by selecting from all possible smaller squares without overlap .
|
This was tackled as an exact cover problem : covering each of the [MATH] unit subsquares by selecting from all possible smaller subsquares without overlap , using Knuth 's Dancing Links X algorithm [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 34]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1308.5420
| 1 | 2 |
594 |
easy
| 594 |
For the inference phase , we use obscured face and a clear face as inputs to the two mapping functions , [MATH] and [MATH] and compare the [MATH] distance given the predefined threshold value to determine if the two faces come from the same person or not .
|
Therefore , by comparing the distance of the latent vectors , we can determine if the two faces are from the same person or not .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 13]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1905.05243
| 1 | 2 |
595 |
hard
| 595 |
Table [REF] shows the benefit from our proposed method , it outperforms fine-tuning using randomly generated weights with 11.7 .
|
First , AMP clearly outperforms naive fine-tuning using randomly generated weights by 11.6 .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 13]}}
|
{}
|
{}
|
1902.11123
| 3 | 4 |
596 |
hard
| 596 |
We report that the sparse image compression provides qualitatively superior visual quality of reconstructed images and higher classification accuracy when processed through the TensorFlow 's CIFAR-10 DCNN classifier [ 11 ] , whereas bottleneck autoencoders yield superior compression as measured by pixel-wise metrics such as PSNR and SSIM .
|
We report that sparse coding with random dropout masks produces subjectively superior reconstructed images along with lower feature perceptual loss and higher classification accuracy but yields lower values of pixel-wise metrics such as PSNR and SSIM compared to the bottleneck autoencoders .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1710.09926
| 1 | 2 |
597 |
hard
| 597 |
We find low inertial ( high inertial ) particles have a positive ( negative ) [MATH] in the inner flow and a negative ( positive ) [MATH] in the outer flow .
|
Correspondingly , we find that low inertia particles have a positive [MATH] in the inner flow and a negative [MATH] in the outer flow , which is opposite to high inertia particles .
|
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|
{}
|
{}
|
1811.04339
| 1 | 2 |
598 |
hard
| 598 |
Already , proof-of-concept hacks in 2015 and 2016 have demonstrated the ability to remotely control the brakes , acceleration , steering , transmission , locks , stereo , and windshield wipers of a targeted vehicle by exploiting weaknesses including the internet-connected entertainment console [CITATION] .
|
For example , proof-of-concept hacks in 2015 and 2016 demonstrated the ability to remotely control an Internet-connected vehicle , including the brakes , acceleration , and steering [CITATION] .
|
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 20]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 43], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 17]}}
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{}
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{}
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1708.03791
| 1 | 2 |
599 |
hard
| 599 |
We found in Ref. [CITATION] that various patterns in the atomic density are formed in the collapse due to the switch of the interaction from repulsive to attractive , where we used [MATH] as an example .
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We found in Ref. [CITATION] that various patterns in the atomic density are formed in the collapse processes caused by a sudden switch of interactions from repulsive to attractive , the origin of the pattern formation being attributed to the self-focusing effect of the attractive systems .
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{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 46]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 36], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 21]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}
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{}
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{}
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cond-mat-0107248
| 1 | 2 |
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