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When was the Victorian Football League renamed to the Australian Football League?	1990	open_qa	### Instruction: When was the Victorian Football League renamed to the Australian Football League? ### Context: ### Answer: 1990</s>
What are the common area of property maintenance that a home owner must deal with?	Maintenance of a home involves addressing the functioning of its main systems: structure, roofing and windows, electrical, plumbing, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning). Structure refers to the exterior and interior walls, many of which are "load bearing," meaning they support something above them, like a ceiling or a roof. Roofing and windows protect the interior of a home from the exterior conditions, keeping out rain, wind, and insects. Doors fit into this category, too. Electrical systems connect electricity provided by an outside source, such as a power company, into the home for use by appliances, lights, entertainment, and other items powered by electricity. Plumbing systems bring water into, then out of, the home for use in the kitchen and bathrooms. HVAC systems control the interior climate, managing temperature and humidity to make the home comfortable.	open_qa	### Instruction: What are the common area of property maintenance that a home owner must deal with? ### Context: ### Answer: Maintenance of a home involves addressing the functioning of its main systems: structure, roofing and windows, electrical, plumbing, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning). Structure refers to the exterior and interior walls, many of which are "load bearing," meaning they support something above them, like a ceiling or a roof. Roofing and windows protect the interior of a home from the exterior conditions, keeping out rain, wind, and insects. Doors fit into this category, too. Electrical systems connect electricity provided by an outside source, such as a power company, into the home for use by appliances, lights, entertainment, and other items powered by electricity. Plumbing systems bring water into, then out of, the home for use in the kitchen and bathrooms. HVAC systems control the interior climate, managing temperature and humidity to make the home comfortable.</s>
Who won six consecutive Wimbledon titles in the 1980s	Martina Navratilova	open_qa	### Instruction: Who won six consecutive Wimbledon titles in the 1980s ### Context: ### Answer: Martina Navratilova</s>
When did Lebron James become the NBA's all time leading scorer?	Lebron James passed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the NBA's all time leading scorer on February 7, 2023.	open_qa	### Instruction: When did Lebron James become the NBA's all time leading scorer? ### Context: ### Answer: Lebron James passed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the NBA's all time leading scorer on February 7, 2023.</s>
What are some important things that have happened on the Day April 6?	- In 1652 the settlement that later became Cape Town was established - In 1945, the Battle of Slater's Knoll of the Second World War happened - In 2009, a 6.3M earthquake hit a town in Italy	open_qa	### Instruction: What are some important things that have happened on the Day April 6? ### Context: ### Answer: - In 1652 the settlement that later became Cape Town was established - In 1945, the Battle of Slater's Knoll of the Second World War happened - In 2009, a 6.3M earthquake hit a town in Italy</s>
What is the former prince of Wales is now referred as?	King Charles III of United Kingdom	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the former prince of Wales is now referred as? ### Context: ### Answer: King Charles III of United Kingdom</s>
What was Seward's Folly?	Seward's Folly was the name given by opponents to the 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia by the United States. Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the treaty in secrecy, and critics mocked both him and President Andrew Johnson for the purchase of a "polar bear garden." However, it turned out to be a profitable investment when gold was discovered in Alaska in 1896.	open_qa	### Instruction: What was Seward's Folly? ### Context: ### Answer: Seward's Folly was the name given by opponents to the 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia by the United States. Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the treaty in secrecy, and critics mocked both him and President Andrew Johnson for the purchase of a "polar bear garden." However, it turned out to be a profitable investment when gold was discovered in Alaska in 1896.</s>
How many members are in FATF ?	39 members	open_qa	### Instruction: How many members are in FATF ? ### Context: ### Answer: 39 members</s>
Who are some of the main characters in the show "South Park"?	Some of the main characters in the show "South Park" are Cartman, Kenny, Kyle, and Stan.	open_qa	### Instruction: Who are some of the main characters in the show "South Park"? ### Context: ### Answer: Some of the main characters in the show "South Park" are Cartman, Kenny, Kyle, and Stan.</s>
Who was favored to win the 2023 NCAA Men's Collegiate Basketball Championship game?	The final odds from the primary online gambling sites in the 2023 NCAA Men's Collegiate Basketball Championship game gave the University of Connecticut (UCONN) a 7.5 point advantage over San Diego State University (SDSU).	open_qa	### Instruction: Who was favored to win the 2023 NCAA Men's Collegiate Basketball Championship game? ### Context: ### Answer: The final odds from the primary online gambling sites in the 2023 NCAA Men's Collegiate Basketball Championship game gave the University of Connecticut (UCONN) a 7.5 point advantage over San Diego State University (SDSU).</s>
Name the largest cities in Canada	The largest cities in Canada by population are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Toronto has a population of 5.6 million, Montreal has a population of 3.6 million and Vancouver has a population of 2.4 million.	open_qa	### Instruction: Name the largest cities in Canada ### Context: ### Answer: The largest cities in Canada by population are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Toronto has a population of 5.6 million, Montreal has a population of 3.6 million and Vancouver has a population of 2.4 million.</s>
How many people live in the Netherlands	The Netherlands has a population of 17.4 million people.	open_qa	### Instruction: How many people live in the Netherlands ### Context: ### Answer: The Netherlands has a population of 17.4 million people.</s>
What is a sonnet?	In the English language, a sonnet is a poem comprised of 14 lines. The most commonly known sonnets written by William Shakespeare contain 12 lines of iambic pentameter followed by a couplet. The couplet usually rhymes.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is a sonnet? ### Context: ### Answer: In the English language, a sonnet is a poem comprised of 14 lines. The most commonly known sonnets written by William Shakespeare contain 12 lines of iambic pentameter followed by a couplet. The couplet usually rhymes.</s>
In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Hightower?	Uthor of the High Tower	open_qa	### Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Hightower? ### Context: ### Answer: Uthor of the High Tower</s>
Assume the email format is {first_initial}{last_name}@somecompany.com What would the email addresses be for the following people? Jon Doe Richard Smith Tom Jenkins Nick Parsons	Following the {first_initial}{last_name}@somecompany.com format, the emails for those people would be: Jon Doe: [email protected] Richard Smith: [email protected] Tom Jenkins: [email protected] Nick Parsons: [email protected]	open_qa	### Instruction: Assume the email format is {first_initial}{last_name}@somecompany.com What would the email addresses be for the following people? Jon Doe Richard Smith Tom Jenkins Nick Parsons ### Context: ### Answer: Following the {first_initial}{last_name}@somecompany.com format, the emails for those people would be: Jon Doe: [email protected] Richard Smith: [email protected] Tom Jenkins: [email protected] Nick Parsons: [email protected]</s>
Name some of the most popular TV shows of the 2010s	Some of the most popular TV shows in the 2010s include Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones, Peaky Blinders, Succession or Better Call Saul	open_qa	### Instruction: Name some of the most popular TV shows of the 2010s ### Context: ### Answer: Some of the most popular TV shows in the 2010s include Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones, Peaky Blinders, Succession or Better Call Saul</s>
What is heterosis?	Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents. The heterotic offspring often has traits that are more than the simple addition of the parents' traits, and can be explained by Mendelian or non-Mendelian inheritance. Typical heterotic/hybrid traits of interest in agriculture are higher yield, quicker maturity, stability, drought tolerance, etc.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is heterosis? ### Context: ### Answer: Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents. The heterotic offspring often has traits that are more than the simple addition of the parents' traits, and can be explained by Mendelian or non-Mendelian inheritance. Typical heterotic/hybrid traits of interest in agriculture are higher yield, quicker maturity, stability, drought tolerance, etc.</s>
“Social Distancing” refers to keeping a safe distance of	About 3 to 6 feet from others	open_qa	### Instruction: “Social Distancing” refers to keeping a safe distance of ### Context: ### Answer: About 3 to 6 feet from others</s>
What is the main cause of snow?	Snow forms when tiny ice crystals in clouds stick together to become snowflakes. If enough crystals stick together, they'll become heavy enough to fall to the ground. Snowflakes that descend through moist air that is slightly warmer than 0 °C will melt around the edges and stick together to produce big flakes.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the main cause of snow? ### Context: ### Answer: Snow forms when tiny ice crystals in clouds stick together to become snowflakes. If enough crystals stick together, they'll become heavy enough to fall to the ground. Snowflakes that descend through moist air that is slightly warmer than 0 °C will melt around the edges and stick together to produce big flakes.</s>
What is an adverb?	An adverb is a word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb and will usually end with "ly", such as slowly, creatively or fully. There a some adverbs that don't end in "ly", such as soon, ever, yet, away. For example, it soon became clear that he would be late.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is an adverb? ### Context: ### Answer: An adverb is a word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb and will usually end with "ly", such as slowly, creatively or fully. There a some adverbs that don't end in "ly", such as soon, ever, yet, away. For example, it soon became clear that he would be late.</s>
What are the names of the four tennis grand slam tournaments?	The four tennis grand slam tournaments are the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open.	open_qa	### Instruction: What are the names of the four tennis grand slam tournaments? ### Context: ### Answer: The four tennis grand slam tournaments are the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open.</s>
Artemis I was formerly known as	Exploration Mission-1	open_qa	### Instruction: Artemis I was formerly known as ### Context: ### Answer: Exploration Mission-1</s>
What is the area of Texas in square feet?	7.5 Trillion	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the area of Texas in square feet? ### Context: ### Answer: 7.5 Trillion</s>
Name five MLB teams in the National League.	Five MLB teams in the National League are the Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, San Diego Padres, Philadelphia Phillies, and Milwaukee Brewers.	open_qa	### Instruction: Name five MLB teams in the National League. ### Context: ### Answer: Five MLB teams in the National League are the Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, San Diego Padres, Philadelphia Phillies, and Milwaukee Brewers.</s>
Which is the best place to Kayak in Austin?	Lady Bird Lake in Austin downtown is revered to be the best place to go Kayaking. Paddlers can choose to head west from the Rowing Dock to take in nature views. But a small paddle down the river to the east will greet paddlers to magnificent downtown skyline views.	open_qa	### Instruction: Which is the best place to Kayak in Austin? ### Context: ### Answer: Lady Bird Lake in Austin downtown is revered to be the best place to go Kayaking. Paddlers can choose to head west from the Rowing Dock to take in nature views. But a small paddle down the river to the east will greet paddlers to magnificent downtown skyline views.</s>
What are the top 3 boba places in Burlingame, CA?	1. Happy Lemon, 2. Tiger Tea, 3. Boba Guys,	open_qa	### Instruction: What are the top 3 boba places in Burlingame, CA? ### Context: ### Answer: 1. Happy Lemon, 2. Tiger Tea, 3. Boba Guys,</s>
What are five popular songs by the Grateful Dead?	Five of the Grateful Dead's most popular songs include: Sugar Magnolia, Casey Jones, Uncle John's Band, Truckin', and Friend of the Devil.	open_qa	### Instruction: What are five popular songs by the Grateful Dead? ### Context: ### Answer: Five of the Grateful Dead's most popular songs include: Sugar Magnolia, Casey Jones, Uncle John's Band, Truckin', and Friend of the Devil.</s>
What is the fastest or speediest animal?	The fastest or speediest animal is the peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon can achieve speeds of 242 mph (389 km/h) in a dive. However the fastest land animal is the cheetah. The cheetah can achieve speeds of 75 mph (120 km/h)	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the fastest or speediest animal? ### Context: ### Answer: The fastest or speediest animal is the peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon can achieve speeds of 242 mph (389 km/h) in a dive. However the fastest land animal is the cheetah. The cheetah can achieve speeds of 75 mph (120 km/h)</s>
What is the Von Neumann architecture?	Nearly all modern computers are based on this famous architecture consisting of a central processing unit, a memory for storing instructions and data, and a bus to transmit data between components including input and output devices.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the Von Neumann architecture? ### Context: ### Answer: Nearly all modern computers are based on this famous architecture consisting of a central processing unit, a memory for storing instructions and data, and a bus to transmit data between components including input and output devices.</s>
What is a plot hole?	A plot hole is a plot point that happens in a fictional story, such as a movie, that contradicts the established logic of the story. For example, if a character is established as being extremely selfish, but in one scene he gives money to another character in need for no apparent reason, this would be a plot hole as this development would not make sense to a reasonable audience member. Most plot holes can still be explained if someone tries hard enough, but if the story does not give enough clues for an audience member to easily understand what is going on, it is a plot hole. Plot holes have different effects on different people. Some people are taken out of the story when they notice a plot hole. Others never notice it. Still others notice plot holes or learn of them afterwards, but do not mind the plot holes.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is a plot hole? ### Context: ### Answer: A plot hole is a plot point that happens in a fictional story, such as a movie, that contradicts the established logic of the story. For example, if a character is established as being extremely selfish, but in one scene he gives money to another character in need for no apparent reason, this would be a plot hole as this development would not make sense to a reasonable audience member. Most plot holes can still be explained if someone tries hard enough, but if the story does not give enough clues for an audience member to easily understand what is going on, it is a plot hole. Plot holes have different effects on different people. Some people are taken out of the story when they notice a plot hole. Others never notice it. Still others notice plot holes or learn of them afterwards, but do not mind the plot holes.</s>
What happens when the sun goes down?	When the sun sets, the evening starts.	open_qa	### Instruction: What happens when the sun goes down? ### Context: ### Answer: When the sun sets, the evening starts.</s>
Name all the books in the Harry Potter collection	Here is a list of all the books in the Harry Potter collection written by J.K. Rowling - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows	open_qa	### Instruction: Name all the books in the Harry Potter collection ### Context: ### Answer: Here is a list of all the books in the Harry Potter collection written by J.K. Rowling - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows</s>
What is the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins?	Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore, Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, and Gerhard Wagner at Harvard University, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated. NMR involves the quantum-mechanical properties of the central core ("nucleus") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nanometers (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nanometer apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models. Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore, the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein. A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction ("chemical biology") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a "model" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins? ### Context: ### Answer: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore, Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, and Gerhard Wagner at Harvard University, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated. NMR involves the quantum-mechanical properties of the central core ("nucleus") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nanometers (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nanometer apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models. Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore, the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein. A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction ("chemical biology") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a "model" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.</s>
Marburg Virus Disease belongs to the same family as	Ebola	open_qa	### Instruction: Marburg Virus Disease belongs to the same family as ### Context: ### Answer: Ebola</s>
What is Azure SQL used for?	Azure SQL is a cloud based Azure SQL Server Database that is used for data warehousing. It contains data tables, sql queries, stored procedures, grants and permissions. System of Record (SoR) can be accessed and flow to the Azure SQL Server Database using a data pipeline or the Azure SQL API. Once the data lands in Azure SQL you will need to consider a strategy for how to handle change data capture (CDC). The data can be served to the business from Azure SQL Database for dashboarding and business reporting.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is Azure SQL used for? ### Context: ### Answer: Azure SQL is a cloud based Azure SQL Server Database that is used for data warehousing. It contains data tables, sql queries, stored procedures, grants and permissions. System of Record (SoR) can be accessed and flow to the Azure SQL Server Database using a data pipeline or the Azure SQL API. Once the data lands in Azure SQL you will need to consider a strategy for how to handle change data capture (CDC). The data can be served to the business from Azure SQL Database for dashboarding and business reporting.</s>
What is the most played popular and most played instrument in the world?	The piano is the most played instrument in the world as it extremely versatile and covers the full spectrum range of low and high notes.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the most played popular and most played instrument in the world? ### Context: ### Answer: The piano is the most played instrument in the world as it extremely versatile and covers the full spectrum range of low and high notes.</s>
What is data denormalization in data warehouse?	Denormalize the data, which means adding redundant columns to some dimension tables to make querying and working with the data faster and easier. The purpose is to trade some redundancy (duplication of data) in the data model for increased query speed, by avoiding computationally expensive join operations.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is data denormalization in data warehouse? ### Context: ### Answer: Denormalize the data, which means adding redundant columns to some dimension tables to make querying and working with the data faster and easier. The purpose is to trade some redundancy (duplication of data) in the data model for increased query speed, by avoiding computationally expensive join operations.</s>
What is the supreme law of the land?	the Constitution	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the supreme law of the land? ### Context: ### Answer: the Constitution</s>
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning Java over Python?	Java and Python are two of the most popular programming languages. Of the two, Java is the faster language, but Python is simpler and easier to learn. Each is well-established, platform-independent, and part of a large, supportive community. But that is where the similarities end. When you’re considering Python versus Java, each language has different uses for different purposes, and each has pros and cons to consider. Advantages of Java Speed and efficiency are two of the big draws of using Java. It's also one of the coding languages considered to be easy to learn. Because many of the processes of this high-level language run automatically, you won't have to do an intense study of how everything works as much as you would with a low-level language. You should be able to master it relatively quickly depending on how much time you can devote to learning and practicing. Other advantages of using Java include the following: (1) It's simple: The syntax is straightforward, making it easy to write. It's not as complex as languages like C++, and it uses automatic memory allocation. (2) It’s platform independent: You can use Java on multiple types of computers, including Windows, iOS, Unix, and Linux systems, as long as it has the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) platform. (3) It’s object oriented: Because you create classes containing data and functions and objects that belong to those classes, it offers a more intuitive approach for big project development. It also provides flexibility and easier troubleshooting, and the ability to reuse the code. (4) It has a large global community: This is helpful when you're learning Java or should you run into any problems. (5) It supports multithreading: When you use Java, you can run more than one thread at a time. When running multiple threads, they share a common memory area to increase efficiency and performance. (6) It’s secure: Java avoids using explicit pointers, runs inside a virtual machine called a sandbox, uses byte-code verifier to check for illegal code, and provides library-level safety along with Java security package and run-time security checks. Disadvantages of Java Before deciding whether Java is the right programming language for you to start with, it’s essential to consider its weaknesses. One of the main downsides to using Java is that it uses a large amount of memory—considerably more than Python. Additionally, Java manages its memory through garbage collection, which happens once the application you’re working on no longer references the object. Java’s garbage collector clears it from memory, but during the process, other threads have to stop while the garbage collector works. The step impacts the overall performance of the application. Other disadvantages include: (1) It doesn’t offer control over garbage collection: As a programmer, you won’t have the ability to control garbage collection using functions like free() or delete(). (2) It has a lot of words: Although Java is simple, it does tend to have a lot of words in it, which will often leave you with complex, lengthy sentences and explanations. (3) It doesn't have a native look when you use it for desktops: Java has multiple graphical user interface (GUI) builders, but they aren't the best if you're creating complex UI on a desktop. Java is weaker when you're using it for desktop versus mobile when it comes to user experience and user interface. While there are many GUI builders to choose from, you'll need to do a lot of research to find the right one for your project. Python: The simple path Although Java is faster, Python is more versatile, easier to read, and has a simpler syntax. According to Stack Overflow, this general use, interpreted language is the fourth most popular coding language. It's also one of the most in-demand programming languages that hiring managers look for when hiring candidates, according to HackerRank, second only to JavaScript. Python's popularity has experienced explosive growth in the past few years, with more than 11.3 million coders choosing to use it, mainly for IoT, data science, and machine learning applications, according to ZDNet. Further, Python has had a 25 percent growth rate, adding 2.3 million developers to its community between Q3 2020 and Q3 2021, according to SlashData's “State of the Developer Nation.”. Advantages of Python Python’s versatility is difficult to match, and it's so flexible that it encourages experimentation. This keeps programmers from being pigeonholed into only building one type of application. You can learn just one language and use it to make new and different things. Computer Weekly calls Python the most versatile programming language, noting that “Although there might be a better solution for any given problem, Python will always get the job done well”. Other advantages of Python include: (1) It’s platform-independent: Like Java, you can use Python on various platforms, including macOS, Windows, and Linux. You’ll just need an interpreter designed for that platform. (2) It allows for fast development: Because Python is dynamically typed, it's fast and friendly for development. Additionally, it uses asynchronous code to tackle situations and challenges faster because each unit of code runs separately. (3) It offers extensive libraries: Its large library supports common tasks and commands. It also contains code that can be used for many different purposes, ranging from generating documentation to unit testing to CGI. (4) It offers a more flexible approach to programming: Python supports a variety of programming styles and has multiple paradigms. Not only is this optimal for programmers who enjoy flexibility, but it also makes it ideal for start-ups that might need to shift approaches abruptly. (5) It's free and open-source: You can download Python without any cost, and because it's so easy to learn and boasts one of the largest and most active communities—you should be able to start writing code in mere minutes. (6) It may boost productivity: NetGuru says that Python is more productive than Java because of how concise it is and because it's dynamically typed. Additionally, it has control capabilities and integration features that can make applications more productive. Disadvantages of Python While Python is arguably one of the easiest and fastest languages to learn, it’s also decidedly slower to execute because it’s a dynamically typed, interpreted language, executed line-by-line. Python does extra work while executing the code, making it less suitable for use in projects that depend on speed. However, if speed isn’t a sensitive issue, Python’s slower nature won’t likely be a problem. Other potential disadvantages include: (1) It only executes one thread at a time: Python has a Global Interpreter Lock that only lets one thread execute at a time, so if you're working on a multi-threaded CPU-bound program, it'll likely be even slower. Using multiprocessing programs instead of multithreaded programs can be an effective workaround. (2) It isn't mobile native: Python can be effectively and easily used for mobile purposes, but you'll need to put a bit more effort into finding libraries that give you the necessary framework. Some examples include Kivy, which lets you use the same API to create mobile apps and software that you can run on Raspberry PI, Linux, and Windows. (3) It uses a large amount of memory: If you're working on a project where many objects are active in RAM, this could present an issue for you. Switching to NumPy could be an effective workaround to reduce the amount of memory Python uses for each object.	open_qa	### Instruction: What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning Java over Python? ### Context: ### Answer: Java and Python are two of the most popular programming languages. Of the two, Java is the faster language, but Python is simpler and easier to learn. Each is well-established, platform-independent, and part of a large, supportive community. But that is where the similarities end. When you’re considering Python versus Java, each language has different uses for different purposes, and each has pros and cons to consider. Advantages of Java Speed and efficiency are two of the big draws of using Java. It's also one of the coding languages considered to be easy to learn. Because many of the processes of this high-level language run automatically, you won't have to do an intense study of how everything works as much as you would with a low-level language. You should be able to master it relatively quickly depending on how much time you can devote to learning and practicing. Other advantages of using Java include the following: (1) It's simple: The syntax is straightforward, making it easy to write. It's not as complex as languages like C++, and it uses automatic memory allocation. (2) It’s platform independent: You can use Java on multiple types of computers, including Windows, iOS, Unix, and Linux systems, as long as it has the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) platform. (3) It’s object oriented: Because you create classes containing data and functions and objects that belong to those classes, it offers a more intuitive approach for big project development. It also provides flexibility and easier troubleshooting, and the ability to reuse the code. (4) It has a large global community: This is helpful when you're learning Java or should you run into any problems. (5) It supports multithreading: When you use Java, you can run more than one thread at a time. When running multiple threads, they share a common memory area to increase efficiency and performance. (6) It’s secure: Java avoids using explicit pointers, runs inside a virtual machine called a sandbox, uses byte-code verifier to check for illegal code, and provides library-level safety along with Java security package and run-time security checks. Disadvantages of Java Before deciding whether Java is the right programming language for you to start with, it’s essential to consider its weaknesses. One of the main downsides to using Java is that it uses a large amount of memory—considerably more than Python. Additionally, Java manages its memory through garbage collection, which happens once the application you’re working on no longer references the object. Java’s garbage collector clears it from memory, but during the process, other threads have to stop while the garbage collector works. The step impacts the overall performance of the application. Other disadvantages include: (1) It doesn’t offer control over garbage collection: As a programmer, you won’t have the ability to control garbage collection using functions like free() or delete(). (2) It has a lot of words: Although Java is simple, it does tend to have a lot of words in it, which will often leave you with complex, lengthy sentences and explanations. (3) It doesn't have a native look when you use it for desktops: Java has multiple graphical user interface (GUI) builders, but they aren't the best if you're creating complex UI on a desktop. Java is weaker when you're using it for desktop versus mobile when it comes to user experience and user interface. While there are many GUI builders to choose from, you'll need to do a lot of research to find the right one for your project. Python: The simple path Although Java is faster, Python is more versatile, easier to read, and has a simpler syntax. According to Stack Overflow, this general use, interpreted language is the fourth most popular coding language. It's also one of the most in-demand programming languages that hiring managers look for when hiring candidates, according to HackerRank, second only to JavaScript. Python's popularity has experienced explosive growth in the past few years, with more than 11.3 million coders choosing to use it, mainly for IoT, data science, and machine learning applications, according to ZDNet. Further, Python has had a 25 percent growth rate, adding 2.3 million developers to its community between Q3 2020 and Q3 2021, according to SlashData's “State of the Developer Nation.”. Advantages of Python Python’s versatility is difficult to match, and it's so flexible that it encourages experimentation. This keeps programmers from being pigeonholed into only building one type of application. You can learn just one language and use it to make new and different things. Computer Weekly calls Python the most versatile programming language, noting that “Although there might be a better solution for any given problem, Python will always get the job done well”. Other advantages of Python include: (1) It’s platform-independent: Like Java, you can use Python on various platforms, including macOS, Windows, and Linux. You’ll just need an interpreter designed for that platform. (2) It allows for fast development: Because Python is dynamically typed, it's fast and friendly for development. Additionally, it uses asynchronous code to tackle situations and challenges faster because each unit of code runs separately. (3) It offers extensive libraries: Its large library supports common tasks and commands. It also contains code that can be used for many different purposes, ranging from generating documentation to unit testing to CGI. (4) It offers a more flexible approach to programming: Python supports a variety of programming styles and has multiple paradigms. Not only is this optimal for programmers who enjoy flexibility, but it also makes it ideal for start-ups that might need to shift approaches abruptly. (5) It's free and open-source: You can download Python without any cost, and because it's so easy to learn and boasts one of the largest and most active communities—you should be able to start writing code in mere minutes. (6) It may boost productivity: NetGuru says that Python is more productive than Java because of how concise it is and because it's dynamically typed. Additionally, it has control capabilities and integration features that can make applications more productive. Disadvantages of Python While Python is arguably one of the easiest and fastest languages to learn, it’s also decidedly slower to execute because it’s a dynamically typed, interpreted language, executed line-by-line. Python does extra work while executing the code, making it less suitable for use in projects that depend on speed. However, if speed isn’t a sensitive issue, Python’s slower nature won’t likely be a problem. Other potential disadvantages include: (1) It only executes one thread at a time: Python has a Global Interpreter Lock that only lets one thread execute at a time, so if you're working on a multi-threaded CPU-bound program, it'll likely be even slower. Using multiprocessing programs instead of multithreaded programs can be an effective workaround. (2) It isn't mobile native: Python can be effectively and easily used for mobile purposes, but you'll need to put a bit more effort into finding libraries that give you the necessary framework. Some examples include Kivy, which lets you use the same API to create mobile apps and software that you can run on Raspberry PI, Linux, and Windows. (3) It uses a large amount of memory: If you're working on a project where many objects are active in RAM, this could present an issue for you. Switching to NumPy could be an effective workaround to reduce the amount of memory Python uses for each object.</s>
What is a knowledge base?	A knowledge base is a set of articles composed of words and sentences that explains concepts of what are known but perhaps hard to understand. A kb can be used to help streamline and making training more readily accessible. A kb is also a place where exchange of ideas occurs through asking interactive questions on published articles. An example of a widely use kb is stackoverflow.com	open_qa	### Instruction: What is a knowledge base? ### Context: ### Answer: A knowledge base is a set of articles composed of words and sentences that explains concepts of what are known but perhaps hard to understand. A kb can be used to help streamline and making training more readily accessible. A kb is also a place where exchange of ideas occurs through asking interactive questions on published articles. An example of a widely use kb is stackoverflow.com</s>