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MILITARY INTERVENTIONS, 1925-32
As in 1891 and 1973, the military intervened in national politics in the 1920s partly because of economic distress, partly to break a stalemate between the legislative and executive branches, and, above all, to change the political system. Colonel Ibáñez (president, 1927-31, 1952-58), quickly promoted to general, became the dominant power. He ruled, either behind or on the seat of power, until the economic crisis caused by the Great Depression in 1931 prompted his resignation.
The 1925 Constitution
The 1925 constitution was the second major charter in Chilean history, lasting until 1973. It codified significant changes, including the official separation of church and state, which culminated a century of gradual erosion of the political and economic power of the Roman Catholic Church. The constitution also provided legal recognition of workers' right to organize, a promise to care for the social welfare of all citizens, an assertion of the right of the state to infringe on private property for the public good, and increased powers for the now directly elected president in relation to the bicameral Congress, in particular concerning the removal of cabinet ministers, which heretofore had often been removed at the whim of the legislature.
Presidential and congressional elections were staggered so that a chief executive could not bring a legislature in on his coattails. The new constitution extended presidential terms from five to six years, with immediate reelection prohibited. It established a system of proportional representation for parties putting candidates up for Congress. The government was divided into four branches, in descending order of power: the president, the legislature, the judiciary, and the comptroller general, the latter authorized to judge the constitutionality of all laws requiring fiscal expenditures.
The Office of Comptroller General of the Republic (Oficina de la Contraloría General de la República) was designed by a United States economic adviser, Edwin Walter Kemmerer. In 1925 he also created the Central Bank of Chile and the position of superintendent of banks, while putting the country on the gold standard. His reforms helped attract massive foreign investments from the United States, especially loans to the government.
Although a labor code was not finalized until 1931, several labor and social security laws enacted in 1924 would govern industrial relations from the 1930s to the 1970s. The legislation legalized unions and strikes but imposed government controls over unions. Union finances and elections were subjected to government inspection. The laws also restricted union activities and disallowed national confederations, which therefore subsequently arose outside the legal framework. Only factories with at least twenty-five workers could have an industrial union, even though approximately two-thirds of the industrial enterprises employed four or fewer workers, in effect artisans. Workers in smaller shops could form professional unions with workers of the same skill employed nearby. Agricultural unions remained virtually outlawed or extremely difficult to organize until the 1960s. The code left unions disadvantaged in their bargaining with employers and therefore reliant on political parties as allies. Those allies were crucial because the new code made the state the mediator in labormanagement disputes.
Carlos Ibáñez's First Presidency, 1927-31
After a weak successor served in the wake of Alessandri's resignation in 1925, Ibáñez made himself president in a rigged election in 1927. He based his reign on military support (especially from the army), on repression (especially of labor unions, leftists, and political parties), and on a flood of loans from private lenders (especially from New York). He also created the national police, known as the Carabineros. His expansion of the central government found favor with the middle class. While Ibáñez promoted industry and public works, the economy fared well until torpedoed by the Great Depression.
According to the League of Nations, no other nation's trade suffered more than Chile's from the economic collapse. Unemployment approached 300,000, almost 25 percent of the work force. As government revenues plummeted, deficits grew. Chile suspended payments on its foreign debt in 1931 and took its currency off the gold standard in 1932. Expansion of the money supply and increased government spending thereafter generated inflation and rapid recovery. Also helpful was an emphasis on import-substitution industrialization and the revival of exports, especially copper.
Rather than run the risk of civil war, Ibáñez went into exile in Argentina in July 1931 to avert clashes with demonstrators protesting his orthodox economic response to the depression and generally oppressive rule. His regime was followed by a kaleidoscope of governments, made and unmade through elections and military coups. The most notable short-lived administration was the twelve-day Socialist Republic of 1932, led by an air force commander, Marmaduke Grove, who would establish the Socialist Party (Partido Socialista--PS) in 1933. Exasperated by depression and instability, Chileans finally restored civilian rule by reelecting Alessandri to the presidency in 1932. Although the depression capsized civilian governments in most of Latin America, it discredited military rule in Chile. Now the 1925 constitution took full effect; it would remain in force until the overthrow of Salvador Allende Gossens in 1973.
SOURCE: Area Handbook of the US Library of Congress |
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Q. Logarithmic decrement method is used to determine the amount of damping in a physical system.
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S. For the case of viscous damping, drag force is directly proportional to the square of relative velocity.
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This is the differential equation governing the above vibrating system.
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Try yourself:A uniform rigid slender bar of mass 10 kg, hinged at the left end is suspended with the help of spring and damper arrangement as shown in the figure where K= 2 kN/m, C = 500 Ns/m and the stiffness of the torsional spring kq is 1 kN /m/rad. Ignore the hinge dimensions.The undamped natural frequency of oscillations of the bar about the hinge point is |
का शिद्दत से इंतजार कर रही दलबीर ने कहा कि उनका पूरा गांव उस पल का इंतजार कर रहा है, जब उनका भाई वापस आएगा। दलबीर दिल्ली में खासतौर पर सरबजीत के लिए खरीदारी कर रही हैं। उन्होंने बताया कि वकील उबैर शेख के हाथों वह सरबजीत के लिए नया कुर्ता पजामा और मिठाई सहित खानेपीने की सामग्रियां भेजेंगी। उन्हें भरोसा है कि जेल में अपनी जमीन से आई चीजें पा कर उसके भीतर जीने की ललक बढ़ेगी और हालात से लड़ने की मानसिक ताकत भी मिलेगी। मध्य भारतीय राज्य मध्य प्रदेश में औपनिवेशिक काल के पुरातत्वविदों ने एक ब्राह्मी लिपि में लिखे शिलालेख के साथ एक स्तंभ की खोज की थी। आधुनिक तकनीकों का उपयोग करते हुए, इसे १२५ और १०० ईसा पूर्व के बीच का घोषित किया गया है और ये निष्कर्ष निकाला गया की यह एक इंडोग्रीक प्रतिनिधि द्वारा एक क्षेत्रीय भारतीय राजा के लिए बनवाया गया था जो ग्रीक राजा एंटिलासिडास के एक राजदूत के रूप में उनका प्रतिनिधि था। इसी इंडोग्रीक के नाम अब इसे हेलेडियोोरस स्तंभ के रूप में जाना जाता है। इसका शिलालेख वासुदेव के लिए समर्पण है जो भारतीय परंपरा में कृष्ण का दूसरा नाम है। कई विद्वानों का मत है की</s> |
# Radius of Ellipsoid
## Main Question or Discussion Point
The one formula I need I cannot find.
I have an Oblate Ellipsoid which I can describe as a=b=2c. The values of a, b, and c are known to me.
I've encountered multiple representations of symbols here, so...
let Phi = angle from positive z-axis: 0<= Phi <=180.
let Theta = angle from positive x-axis: 0<= Theta <=360
Phi and Theta are also known to me.
How can I determine the radius where the vector described by Phi and Theta pass through the surface of the Ellipsoid?
## Answers and Replies
mathman
To save writing, let p=phi and t = theta.
x=rcostsinp
y=rsintsinp
z=rcosp
Ellipse: (x/a)2+(y/b)2+(z/c)2=1
Plug x, y, and z into the ellipse equation and solve for r.
To save writing, let p=phi and t = theta.
x=rcostsinp
y=rsintsinp
z=rcosp
Ellipse: (x/a)2+(y/b)2+(z/c)2=1
Plug x, y, and z into the ellipse equation and solve for r.
I must be missing something, because I cannot see how to solve the first three equations; it appears to me that each still has 2 unknowns. How can I determine x, y, or z without knowing r?
I realize that, being an Oblate Ellipsoid, I could probably use some formula for an ellipse, since any value for t should not change the value of r for a given p. Unfortunately, every formula discussing r I could find was to do with a chord from one of the foci, not from the center.
I did find one rather hefty equation for r that looked like I could solve it, except that it uses a "flattening" constant; perhaps if someone could tell me how to determine this constant for a given Ellipsoid I would be able to proceed and find r.......http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/aeroblks/index.html?/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/aeroblks/radiusatgeocentriclatitude.html&http://www.google.com/search?q=find+radius+of+ellipsoid&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a"
Last edited by a moderator:
HallsofIvy
Homework Helper
I must be missing something, because I cannot see how to solve the first three equations; it appears to me that each still has 2 unknowns. How can I determine x, y, or z without knowing r?
You don't determine x, y, or z. Since you have looking for the "radius" in some specific direction, you are given $\theta$ and $\phi$. Put $x= r cos(\theta)sin(\phi)$, $y= r sin(\theta)sin(\phi)$, $z= r cos(\phi)$ into the equation of the ellipsoid giving you an equation depending only on r. Then solve for r.
For example, suppose $\theta= 0$, $\phi= \pi/2$ (so we are on the positive x-axis). Then x= r(1)(1)= r, y= r(0)(1)= 0, z= r(0)= 0. Your equation for the ellipsoid, with a= b= 2c is
$$\frac{x^2}{4c^2}+ \frac{y^2}{4c^2}+ \frac{z^2}{c^2}= 1[/itex] which with x= r, y= 0, z= 0 becomes r2/4c2= 1 so r= 2c, exactly what we would expect. Taking $\theta= \pi/2$, $\phi= \pi/2$ so we are on the positive y axis would also give r= 2c, and taking $\phi= 0$, $\theta$ anything, gives z= 2c. For a more difficult example, take $\theta= \pi/4$, $\phi= \pi/4$. Then $x= r(\sqrt{2}/2)(\sqrt{2}/2)= r/2$, $y= r(\sqrt{2}/2)(\sqrt{2}/2)= r/2$, $z= r(\sqrt{2}/2)$ and the equation of the ellipse becomes [tex]\frac{r^2}{4(2c)}+ \frac{r^2}{4(2c)}+ \frac{r^2}(2c}= 6r^2/8c= 1$$
so $r= 2c/\sqrt{3}= 2\sqrt{3}c/3$.
I realize that, being an Oblate Ellipsoid, I could probably use some formula for an ellipse, since any value for t should not change the value of r for a given p. Unfortunately, every formula discussing r I could find was to do with a chord from one of the foci, not from the center.
I did find one rather hefty equation for r that looked like I could solve it, except that it uses a "flattening" constant; perhaps if someone could tell me how to determine this constant for a given Ellipsoid I would be able to proceed and find r.......http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/aeroblks/index.html?/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/aeroblks/radiusatgeocentriclatitude.html&http://www.google.com/search?q=find+radius+of+ellipsoid&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a"
Last edited by a moderator:
Put $x= r cos(\theta)sin(\phi)$, $y= r sin(\theta)sin(\phi)$, $z= r cos(\phi)$ into the equation of the ellipsoid giving you an equation depending only on r. Then solve for r.
...
$$\frac{x^2}{4c^2}+ \frac{y^2}{4c^2}+ \frac{z^2}{c^2}= 1[/itex] Since I am after a general equation for r, I have attempted to take your post and find said equation. Does this look correct... [tex]r=\sqrt{\frac{4c^2}{cos(\theta)^2sin(\phi)^2+sin(\theta)^2sin(\phi)^2+4cos(\phi)^2}}$$
mathman
You can greatly simplify to r=2c/(1+3cos2(p))1/2
You can greatly simplify to r=2c/(1+3cos2(p))1/2
Where does "p" come from? Is that just shorthand for phi?
Also, I am fuzzy on exponents. Please clarify - am I taking the square root of (1+3cos^2(p))
...or does the 1/2 exponent mean something else?
Mathman,
I appreciate your reply. I expected $$\theta$$ to disappear from the equation since it has no effect on r, however I have two problems with your equation. The first is that I am not certain how to read it. Is this the form you mean...
$$r=\frac{2c}{(1+3cos(\phi)^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}}$$
Second, how did you manipulate my equation to reach this simplified form?
UPDATE - Re: Radius of Ellipsoid
Folks, I appreciate the help so far. However, I hold a BS in Computer Engineering, not mathematics, and I am attempting to write a program, not proof any theorems or become an expert in trigonometry. After Mathman's last posting I tried to discover some rules about manipulating trig equations; I found some such as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_identity" [Broken], but at this point such information is overwhelming. I will have to learn this stuff at some point, and much more since I must learn how to manipulate homogenous matrices (or whatever they are called) so as to be able to perform the computer graphic functions necessary to rotate and zoom my 3D galaxy of stars - which is where all this is leading.
After some reconsideration, I believe I should define my spheroid (galaxy) as merely oblate, that is, with the terms: a=b>c. My reasoning is that I may wish to alter the eccentricity of the spheroid at some point, so my first request was probably too limited.
Furthermore, this thread has taught me something important: I am able to find the information I need on the Internet, but without interaction with those like you who understand these matters, the information is, at least initially, meaningless to me. For example, I was aware of the conversions from Spherical to Cartesian, but was ignorant of their applicability to my problem until HallsofIvy poitned me in the right direction. Further, I did not even realize the equation could be simplified until Mathman presented me with his equation.
Applying what I have learned so far, and using a=b>c to describe my spheroid, I have come up with...
$$r=\sqrt {\frac{a^2c^2}{c^2(cos^2 \theta sin^2 \phi + sin^2 \theta sin^2 \phi) + a^2 cos^2 \phi}}$$
Two questions:
1. Is my equation correct?
2. Could someone simplify that using latex format. I found the form Mathman used to be difficult to read, and since I am unfamiliar with these equations, I may easily mistake what I see if it is not clear in form.
It is logically clear to me that $$\theta$$ should disappear from the equation, because in an oblate spheroid, changing $$\theta$$ should not alter r, and Mathman's equation bears this out. I simply do not know how to proceed with the simplification. If I keep reading and studying and learning I've no doubt I'll figure it out eventually, but my priority right now is to progress with my code, not become expert in trig.
Thanking you in advance.
Last edited by a moderator:
mathman
Where does "p" come from? Is that just shorthand for phi?
Also, I am fuzzy on exponents. Please clarify - am I taking the square root of (1+3cos^2(p))
...or does the 1/2 exponent mean something else?
p is my shorthand for phi (I haven't learned Latex)
1/2 power is same as square root.
To get rid of theta, observe that sin2(a) + cos2(a) = 1 for any angle a.
HallsofIvy
Homework Helper
Folks, I appreciate the help so far. However, I hold a BS in Computer Engineering, not mathematics, and I am attempting to write a program, not proof any theorems or become an expert in trigonometry. After Mathman's last posting I tried to discover some rules about manipulating trig equations; I found some such as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_identity" [Broken], but at this point such information is overwhelming. I will have to learn this stuff at some point, and much more since I must learn how to manipulate homogenous matrices (or whatever they are called) so as to be able to perform the computer graphic functions necessary to rotate and zoom my 3D galaxy of stars - which is where all this is leading.
After some reconsideration, I believe I should define my spheroid (galaxy) as merely oblate, that is, with the terms: a=b>c. My reasoning is that I may wish to alter the eccentricity of the spheroid at some point, so my first request was probably too limited.
Furthermore, this thread has taught me something important: I am able to find the information I need on the Internet, but without interaction with those like you who understand these matters, the information is, at least initially, meaningless to me. For example, I was aware of the conversions from Spherical to Cartesian, but was ignorant of their applicability to my problem until HallsofIvy poitned me in the right direction. Further, I did not even realize the equation could be simplified until Mathman presented me with his equation.
Applying what I have learned so far, and using a=b>c to describe my spheroid, I have come up with...
$$r=\sqrt {\frac{a^2c^2}{c^2(cos^2 \theta sin^2 \phi + sin^2 \theta sin^2 \phi) + a^2 cos^2 \phi}}$$
$$r=\sqrt {\frac{a^2c^2}{c^2sin^2 \phi (cos^2 \theta + sin^2 ) + a^2 cos^2 \phi}}$$
$$r= \sqrt{\frac{a^2c^2}{c^2sin^2\phi+ a^2 cos^2\phi}}$$
Notice that if a= c, then becomes
$$r= \sqrt{\frac{a^4}{a^2(sin^2\phi+ cos^2\phi}}= a$$
as we would expect.
Two questions:
1. Is my equation correct?
2. Could someone simplify that using latex format. I found the form Mathman used to be difficult to read, and since I am unfamiliar with these equations, I may easily mistake what I see if it is not clear in form.
It is logically clear to me that $$\theta$$ should disappear from the equation, because in an oblate spheroid, changing $$\theta$$ should not alter r, and Mathman's equation bears this out. I simply do not know how to proceed with the simplification. If I keep reading and studying and learning I've no doubt I'll figure it out eventually, but my priority right now is to progress with my code, not become expert in trig.
Thanking you in advance.
Last edited by a moderator:
Thank you all. That is working fine now. I am having programmatic issues converting to cartesian coordinates, but that is a problem for another forum.
I truly appreciate all the help.
Hi all, I am working on a similar problem,
the above equation
$$r= \sqrt{\frac{a^2c^2}{c^2sin^2\phi+ a^2 cos^2\phi}}$$
can be used also if a=b<c (Prolate spheroid)?
And, also, how must it be updated if I have an oblate spheroid which is rotated 45° on the x axis?
Thank you very much!
SteamKing
Staff Emeritus |
अपने आप कैंसल हो जाता है और पैसा ग्राहक के खाते में रिफंड हो जाता है. हालांकि रेलवे काउंटर से टिकट लेने पर अपने आप कैंसल नहीं होता है. इसके लिए रेलवे काउंटर पर जाना होता है. अगर आप रेलवे काउंटर से वेटिंग का टिकट लेते हैं, तो टिकट के कंफर्म नहीं होने की स्थिति में आप जनरल बोगी में यात्रा कर सकते हैं. इसके अलावा रेलवे या आईआरसीटीसी जिसके नाम से टिकट जारी करता है, सिर्फ वही व्यक्ति उस टिकट पर यात्रा कर सकता है. कोई दूसरा व्यक्ति किसी दूसरे के टिकट पर यात्रा नहीं कर सकता है. अगर कोई दूसरे के टिकट पर यात्रा करते पकड़ जाता है, तो उसके खिलाफ कार्रवाई हो सकती है. देश का सबसे विशाल और सस्ता परिवहन नेटवर्क रेलवे है. देश में सबसे ज्यादा लोग ट्रेन से सफर करते हैं. ऐसे में सभी को रेलवे के नियम कायदों को जानना बेहद जरूरी है, क्योंकि जानेअनजाने में रेलवे के किसी कानून का उल्लंघन करने पर आपको जेल जाना पड़ सकता है. साथ ही जुर्माना भरना पड़ सकता है. इंग्लैंड में भारत की ओर से 16 खिलाड़ियों ने कप्तानी की है. सिर्फ कपिल देव और राहुल द्रविड़ को ही एक भी टेस्ट में हार नहीं</s> |
लंदन, २८ जून (हि.स.)। पॉप सिंगर लेडी गागा के तिब्बती समुदाय के आध्यात्मिक नेता दलाई लामा से मुलाकात करने पर चीन की कम्यूनिस्ट पार्टी ने लेडी गागा को कथित तौर पर दुश्मन विदेशी ताकतों की सूची में डाल दिया है।
गार्डियन ऑनलाइन की खबर के अनुसार, २.७ करोड़ से ज्यादा एलबम बेच चुकी ३० वर्षीय गायिका ने इंडियानापोलिस में एक सम्मेलन से पहले तिब्बत के आध्यात्मिक नेता से मुलाकात की थी। इस मुलाकात का १९ मिनट का एक वीडियो गायिका के फेसबुक अकाउंट पर डाला गया था, जिसमें वे दोनों ध्यान, मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के बारे में और मानवता से जुड़ चुकीं बुराइयां दूर करने के बारे में बात कर रहे थे।
इस मुलाकात पर गुस्से भरी प्रतिक्रिया देते हुए चीन ने दलाई लामा को भिक्षु के वेश में एक भेडिय़ा करार दिया। मार्च १९५९ से निर्वासन में रह रहे दलाई लामा इस बात पर जोर देते हैं कि वह तिब्बतवासियों के लिए चीनी शासन से ज्यादा स्वायत्तता हासिल करना चाहते हैं। लेकिन चीनी शासक उन्हें एक अलगाववादी मानते हैं। उनका दावा है कि दलाई लामा हिमालयी क्षेत्र को चीन से अलग करने की साजिश रच रहे हैं ताकि वहां धार्मिक शासन की स्थापना की जा सके।
हांग कांग के लोकतंत्र समर्थक अखबार एप्पल डेली में प्रकाशित खबर के अनुसार दलाई लामा से लेडी गागा की मुलाकात के बाद कम्यूनिस्ट पार्टी के एक विभाग ने लेडी गागा के सभी प्रदर्शनों को चीन में प्रतिबंधित करने का एक महत्वपूर्ण निर्देश जारी कर दिया। |
Georgia Tech Graduate Research Assistant Mengnan Zhang moves samples of pancreatic cancer cells into a flask for study. The research examines the role of microRNA molecules in controlling resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Photo: Rob Felt
By increasing the level of a specific microRNA (miRNA) molecule, researchers have restored chemotherapy sensitivity in vitro to a line of human pancreatic cancer cells that had developed resistance to a common treatment drug.
If the miRNA molecules can be delivered to cells in the human body, the technique might one day be used to battle the chemotherapy resistance that often develops during cancer treatment. A Georgia Tech research team identified the miRNA used in the research with a computer algorithm that compared the ability of different miRNAs to control the more than 500 genes that were up-regulated in drug-resistant cancer cells.
The study was reported May 27 in the Nature Publishing Group journal Cancer Gene Therapy.
“We were specifically interested in what role miRNAs might play in developing drug resistance in these cancer cells,” said John McDonald, a professor in Georgia Tech’s School of Biological Sciences and director of the Integrated Cancer Research Center. “By increasing the levels of the miRNA governing the suite of genes we identified, we increased the cells’ drug sensitivity back to what the baseline had been, essentially undoing the resistance. This would suggest that for patients developing chemotherapy resistance, we might one day be able to use miRNAs to restore the sensitivity of the cancer cells to the drugs.”
MicroRNAs are small non-coding molecules that function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The miRNAs operate via base-pairing with complementary sequences within messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, silencing the mRNA molecules that control the expression of certain proteins. — John Toon |
What is primary care?
Primary care means frontline care, and it can come from doctors (family physicians, internists, or pediatricians), physician assistants, or nurse practitioners. Primary care clinicians are the quarterbacks of patient care. They make sure that their patients and their issues don’t fall through the cracks of our increasingly confusing health care system. Primary care clinicians care for their patients across the spectrum of their care, including:
- being the first point of contact for undiagnosed health problems
- comprehensive, whole-person care
- building longitudinal relationships and treating chronic problems
- coordinating across other health services
(Source: Vanderbilt Department of Medicine)
Why is primary care so important?
It’s simple: Primary care clinicians ensure that patients get the right care, in the right setting, by the most appropriate practitioner, and in a manner consistent with the patient’s desires and values. Data on our health care system increasingly show that areas with higher concentrations of primary care clinicians have lower cost, higher quality health care. But we don’t need data to confirm what each of us know already: the incredible value of being cared for by someone who knows us well and understands both our health issues and our personal values. Key stakeholders – employers, legislators, and patients – are increasingly recognizing the value of primary care.
What is the primary care crisis?
For some time, demand for primary care services has been rising just as the supply of available clinicians shrinks and fewer trainees choose to enter the field. What’s more, many practices are still using antiquated systems of care delivery. Patients are having a hard time seeing their regular clinicians or finding new ones. When they do secure a visit, it is often rushed, leaving patients feeling dissatisfied. As a result, quality of care is suffering: large surveys of physicians’ practices show that for some medical conditions, up to 50% of patients are not receiving recommended evidence-based care. Fortunately, individuals and organizations across the country are engaged in exciting efforts to overcome these challenges. Primary Care Progress is working to help these primary care pioneers connect with each other, and with you! |
Those looking to learn how to grow dahlia from seed will find the process remarkably simple. Growing from seed allows you to produce a wide variety of flowers in a large array of colors. Not to mention the overall pleasant feeling of accomplishment that growing a flower from seed gives you.
Germinating Dahlia Seeds
Begin by preparing the soil. Soil for seeding can be purchased from any home or garden store. Spread the soil mix evenly in a low potting tray. Sprinkle the seed mix evenly over the top of the soil and then lightly cover the seeds with more potting soil. At this point, you should dampen the soil, but it is important not to overwater. Place in a well-lit area or under grow lights. Continue to water the soil lightly for 7-10 days. By this time, the seeds should have sprouted.
Transplant into Plugs
Once the sprouts have reached a height of three inches or more it is time to transplant them into plugs. Plugs are small cells that are designed to hold one plant. Fill these plugs with a two parts potting soil to one part sand mixture. Continue to lightly water on a daily basis for five weeks.
At five weeks, your dahlias are ready to be transplanted to the garden or flower bed. Begin this process by hardening the plants off for 7-10 days. This is accomplished by taking the dahlias outside during the day but bringing them inside at night. This will prevent the plants from going into shock when they are permanently moved into the garden. Choose a sunny area of the garden and plant your seedlings. Do not be afraid to plant them deeply. The deeper they are the stronger their roots will be. Water twice a week until their root system is established. |
Health Information System Integration
Health information system integration is the process of merging the components of different health information systems into one system. It aims to combine different health computing and software applications within a healthcare organization and between two or more healthcare organizations to make them coordinate as a whole.
A health information system is overlapping, complimentary and interdependent. Given the large number of different information systems in the healthcare sector, it is not surprising that health information professionals are having a hard time creating a tighter integration system that will bridge the gap in the functionality of these various independent healthcare information systems.
Most modern operating rooms and intensive care units contain 50 to 100 different kinds of electronic equipment, yet most of it does not communicate or work efficiently in an integrated fashion. These limitations on equipment and technology often fail to improve productivity and reduce medical costs. This is a burden on clinicians, as if they are the ones who need to adjust to the agenda of vendors who develop such technologies.
The lack of healthcare integrated systems often leads to failure to identify deteriorating patients, diagnostic errors and inefficient work. As a result, many healthcare providers work under stress and experience burnout (Mathews & Pronovost, 2011).
Despite the increasing recognition of patient management risk in the healthcare system, the progress in patient care quality and safety has been relatively slow. The efforts exerted by healthcare providers to reduce potential harm to patients and to improve the quality of care often focus on a single or a collection of local interventions. These interventions seek to improve a single care process. Although this approach to healthcare is valuable, the method is incremental and results only in modest improvements. Most improvements in the quality of healthcare often miss a larger opportunity to improve the procedure of healthcare itself. The adoption of systems integration incorporates fundamental building blocks of healthcare from clinical insights, equipment and technology to workflow processes, encouraging a major leap in the improvement of safety and quality in healthcare practice.
Healthcare professionals across all specialties agree that effectively sharing information between machines, systems and users is one of the most important factors in improving the efficiency, quality and cost of patient care delivery. However, the inability to share information between different systems from different computer applications and different vendors has prevented healthcare information technology professionals from making a great progress in the healthcare sector.
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is a multinational healthcare initiative that publishes domain-based internationally accepted implementation guides known as Technical Framework. Technical Frameworks allow established standards to undergo uniform implementation. This enables the seamless transmission of important health information from system to system and application to application, regardless of setting. By following IHE guidelines, healthcare organizations worldwide have achieved systems integration and improved sharing of healthcare information within and across their respective domains, saving time and money and improving patient care.
In 1985, the representing radiologists of the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) jointly developed and published Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), a set of standards used for handling, printing, storing and transmitting medical imaging information. Initially, DICOM specified the type of hardware connection or interface that should be used to transfer image data to and from the imaging equipment. After taking this step, DICOM specified network operation protocols to facilitate a smoother transfer of image data. Without such standards in place, imaging devices would require healthcare organizations to devise and maintain an expensive custom-developed interface.
From the late 1980s to mid-1990s, many vendors started selling DICOM-compliant digital radiographic systems. However, the interoperability of these so-called DICOM-compliant machines was limited to specific point-to-point interfaces that required higher coordination between information systems.
In 1987, the Health Level Seven (HL7) Standard Development Organization (SDO) developed the consensus-based HL7 Standard. This standard specified working interfaces for administrative and clinical structured data messages that allow disparate healthcare applications to exchange information.
To solve this dilemma and decrease the implementation costs of multiple vendor systems integration, the Healthcare Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS) and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) formally launched IHE. IHE Radiology Technical Framework was developed to clearly define DICOM and HL7 standards, and to resolve communication tasks within different information systems in radiology.
Today, aside from radiology, IHE is expanding to other clinical areas, including pharmacy, medication management and clinical engineering. It is now collaborating with medical specialists, IT experts, and other professional societies.
Health Informatics Service Architecture (HISA)
HISA is a standard that guides developers in creating modular open information technology systems by providing a formal basis for the service-oriented architecture required in health services. Architecture standards are used to put up frameworks for the development of coherent and consistent databases, workstations and applications. This process is carried out by using the definition of hardware and software construction requirements and the protocols for communication.
Health information system integration has two kinds of processes: First, the process needed to gather data from its sources and transform it into the right kind of information. Healthcare providers can use this to analyze and make the right decision. Second, the process to determine which data requirements and solutions are needed for a project.
Many health information professionals mistakenly believe that the process of extracting, transforming and loading (ETL) data sources are their silver bullet for developing useful applications in the healthcare sector. However, ETL is just one part of the entire process .
Integrating Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)
IHE is an initiative of healthcare providers and the healthcare industry as a whole that aims to establish standards that will improve the way computer systems share healthcare information. IHE’s greatest goal is to coordinate the existing standards such as HL7 and DICOM to meet the specific needs of clinicians in supporting optimal patient care. With IHE, health information developers can develop systems that can better communicate with one another, enable easier implementation and facilitate better information usage by healthcare providers .
Resources and skills
Resources and skills are the often-overlooked components of healthcare information systems integration. Experienced healthcare information professionals who understand data handling and healthcare workflow are necessary in order to have a complete process of health information system integration .
Tools and Techniques
Kaiser Permanente Model
Kaiser Permanente is the largest nongovernmental example of a fully integrated healthcare delivery system in the United States. It has more than 8.7 million members, 421 medical office buildings, 32 medical centers, 160,000 employees and 14,000 practicing doctors across nine states, including the District of Columbia. About 75 percent of its members and employees live in California, where the company started in 1945.
The Kaiser Permanente-owned medical centers in California offer one-stop shopping for patients who want to avail services such as outpatient and inpatient management, pharmacy, radiology, surgery, laboratory, health education centers and other health procedures.
Kaiser Permanente is a recognized leader in healthcare. It is the only health plan located in California that has appeared for 11 consecutive years on the annual list of best health plans in the Pacific Region by the National Committee for Quality Assurance. Many economists and medical experts see Kaiser Permanente as a leader in increasing quality healthcare.
Kaiser Permanente is also a leader in information technology. It has been using computers to deliver healthcare innovations for decades. Since 2003, it has fully integrated its systems, giving its members access to its many online features. It has implemented HealthConnect, a secure integrated electronic data system that aims to link all aspects of care experience nationwide.
This system is the communication and message medium that healthcare providers use for ordering tests and medications, and for receiving laboratory results. HealthConnect helps them in decision-making by providing them with practice guidelines, alerts and recommended medications for different illnesses. It also provides them with research information and measurement including feedback from other practitioners and teams.
HealthConnect gives members and patients online access to their medical records, test results, appointments, prescription refills and health education information. They can also email their physician using this system. On top of these benefits, they have the option to receive personalized health information and online health assessments customized to their individual needs.
Ambulatory care facilities of Kaiser Permanente have complemented the implementation of HealthConnect. Since July 2008, almost half of Kaiser Permanente hospitals have been fully electronic. Kaiser Permanente physicians have been using computers in their examination offices and more than 30 percent of its members have requested passwords to communicate with their doctors to access their medical records online.
Since most healthcare providers are new on the system, Kaiser Permanente learned from experience the importance of backfilling for them to implement information technology. However, when healthcare providers learned the system, they found that they were equally productive while delivering better quality of care to their patients. Most patients experienced better satisfaction due to Kaiser Permanente’s HealthConnect online features. Physician offices had a drop in the number of visits and phone calls because HealthConnect allows patients to email their doctors using the system. The statistics of redundant testing and imaging were observed, and tests are no longer lost once they are entered into the HealthConnect system. Overall, improved patient health outcomes were observed with Kaiser Permanente’s model of healthcare information system integration .
Project management information system (PMIS):
A project management information system (PMIS) is the comprehensive organization of information needed to execute a project successfully. PMIS is usually made up of one or more software applications combined with a methodical process for gathering and using project information.
Implementing change in an organization is often a difficult process. In most cases, managers are the ones who continue searching for innovative procedures to carry out improvement plans. Project management is a standard guideline used to carry out project plans in different business sectors, and is now an essential tool for implementing large-scale changes in healthcare.
Health information standards
Having an integrated patient information and management system enables a continuous flow that is cost-effective to the healthcare organization. This system minimizes the time needed to transmit information from the one sending the information to the department or practitioner who is waiting to receive it. A delay in the delivery of patient records and diagnostic results often cause bottlenecks in hospital and clinic waiting rooms.
The Integrated Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) paved the way for a comprehensive set of integration framework documentation that outlines the workflow of patient care in terms of information-exchange transactions and key integration points. Successful integration of electronic health record (EHR) can virtually eliminate waiting time for the healthcare provider and patient. Participants in the care of the patient are empowered to make decisions and execute accurate healthcare management based on the complete patient information and diagnostic results. With a fully integrated workflow in the clinical setting, minimized operating costs and optimized reimbursement of cost structure can be achieved.
Information systems evaluation tools
Healthcare information system evaluation tools have additional challenges compared to those in other organizations. The most striking difference lies in the use of more strict measurements of information systems in evaluating, leveraging improved treatment and care to potentially impact patients’ lives.
Three measurements are commonly used to evaluate the impact of information systems in the healthcare sector:
- User satisfaction
- Individual impact
- Organizational outcome
There is no such thing as a “one size fits all” solution to integrating healthcare systems. However, best practices – also known as guiding principles – exist to help integrate efforts and achieve successful results.
The most important goal for any healthcare system integration is to meet the needs of patients rather than those of healthcare providers. Patients will actively resist every feature meant to improve their health status and communication with their healthcare provider if the providers fail to concentrate their efforts on patient satisfaction.
One of the most important principles for healthcare system integration is inter-professional team approach. All professionals working on a project should be considered equal. Professionalism should be maintained. Each team member should receive incentives for meeting efficiency and performance standards.
The measuring and reporting of care outcomes is critical for successful health systems integration and should be performed on an ongoing basis. With a methodical and analytic approach, systems performance issues can reinforce organizational plans as well as high-quality, cost-effective and patient-centered care.
High-caliber technology is critical for assessing patient information anywhere in the healthcare system and enabling communication between providers. Having a quality information system can enhance information workflow and communication between users, including the payers, consumers, and the providers.
Strong leadership is needed for the successful integration of healthcare information systems. A good leader can bring different organizational cultures together by ensuring that training and incentives are in place to facilitate the successful adoption of information systems.
A strong physician system alignment is important to achieve the best results in the design and implementation of health system integration. Physicians must consistently be involved at all levels and they should embrace leadership roles to overcome barriers to healthcare systems integration.
Structure and oversight
Newly integrated healthcare systems information requires new governance structures. All stakeholder groups, including healthcare providers, must participate to achieve diversified governance. Accountability and structure for decision-making must be developed.
A truly integrated healthcare information system must cover all core services of health for the population. To achieve full systems integration in the healthcare sector, the focus should be on population health. .
With successful healthcare information system integration, the following outcomes can be expected :
Organizational and operational
- Improvement in productivity
- Reduction of costs
- Improvement in data quality, sharing and flow
- Better data access
- Better data exchange
- Improvement of data presentation
- Reduction in medical errors
- Improvement in managerial control
- Better understanding and controlling of different health system processes
- Improvement in decision-making, allocation of resources, quality of care, work efficiency and performance
- Better return of investment
- More effective healthcare management planning
- Increased synchronous collaboration among users and providers
- Improvement in the relationship with suppliers
- Improvement in the population’s health, quality of life and survival rates
- Better process of knowledge sharing among healthcare practitioners
- Reduction in development risks
- Better reusability of objects
- Improvement in the use of e-healthcare and telemedicine-based patient support models
- Achievement of non-invasive solutions
- Improvement in process, object/component and data integration
- Integration of customs systems and e-business solutions in the healthcare practice
- Chittick, P. K. (2001). Project Management: An Essential Tool for Implementing Integrated Information Technology in Healthcare. In Healthcare Management Forum.
- Engel, K. (2006). 4. Standards for Enabling Health Informatics Interoperability; Ubiquity: Technologies for Better Health in Aging Societies.
- Indrajit, I., & Verma, B. (2007). DICOM, HL7 and IHE: A basic primer on Healthcare Standards for Radiologists. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, 17(2), 66-68.
- Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) (2015). In IHE. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
- Mantzana, V., & Themistocleous, M. (2004). Identifying and Classifying Benefits of Integrated Healthcare Systems Using an Actor-Oriented Approach. Journal of Computing and Information Technology, 265-278.
- Mathews, S. C., & Pronovost, P. J. (2011, March 2). The Need for Systems Integration in Health Care. American Medical Association, 305.
- Monteiro, E. (2003). Integrating Health Information Systems: A Critical Appraisal. In Department of Computer and Information Science.
- Porter, M., & Kellogg, M. (n.d.). Kaiser Permanente: An Integrated Healthcare Experience. In RISAI.
- Salmela, H., & Turunen, P. (n.d.). Evaluation of information systems in healthcare: a framework and its application.
- Sherman, R. (2003, October 1). Five Essential Components of a Data Integration Framework in Information Management.
- Suter, E., Oelke, N. D., Adair, C. E., & Armitage, G. D. (2009). Ten Key Principles for Successful Health Systems Integration. Healthcare Quarterly (Toronto, Ont.), 13(Spec No), 16–23.
- The Role of Clinical Decision Support and Analytics In Improving Long-Term Care Outcomes (n.d.). In SigmaCare. Retrieved July 20, 2015. |
जिले में बेखौफ बिक रहा ब्राउन शुगर का नशा लोगों के लिए जानलेवा साबित होने लगा है। लटेरी शहर में पिछले एक पखवाड़े के दौरान इस नशे की चपेट में आकर सात लोगों की मौत हो चुकी है। वहीं करीब ५० लोग बुरी तरह इस नशे की गिरफ्त में हैं। इसके विरोध में सोमवार को शहर के लोग सड़क पर उतरे और उन्होंने राज्यपाल के नाम तहसीलदार को ज्ञापन सौंपा।
कृषि उपज मंडी में मंगलवार को कृषि महोत्सव अभियान के तहत कृषि सम्मेलन का आयोजन चल रहा था। विधायक कल्याणसिंह दांगी मंच से भाषण दे रहे थे। ढाई घंटे लेट हुए कार्यक्रम से परेशान किसान पांडाल से उठकर जाने लगे। एक साथ बड़ी संख्या में किसानों को जाते हुए देख कृषि मंत्री गौरीशंकर बिसेन के सब्र का बांध टूट गया और वे माइक पर जा पहुंचे। पहले तो उन्होंने माइक पकड़कर डांटने वाले अंदाज में किसानों से कहा कि तुम लोग कहां जा रहे हो।
कभी आपने शहर में खुलेआम ऑटो में शराब में बिकती देखी है। वह भी ऑटो पर बैनर लगाकर खुद आबकारी विभाग का वर्दीधारी अमला बेच रहा हो। जी हां,विदिशा शहर के तोपपुरा ,सुभाष वार्ड और बस स्टैंड के पास ऐसा हो रहा है। शहर में सोमवार को कालीदास डेम मार्ग पर सड़क के किनारे में ऑटो में रखी शराब की बोतलें देख लोग चौंक गए। दरअसल,सुप्रीम कोर्ट के निर्देश के बाद हाईवे से पांच सौ मीटर की दूरी पर स्थित इन तीन शराब दुकानों को हटाना पड़ा।
विदेश मंत्री एवं क्षेत्रीय सांसद सुषमा स्वराज के क्षेत्र विदिशा में देश का पहला पोस्ट आफिस पासपोर्ट सेवा केन्द्र शनिवार से शुरू हो गया। इसका शुभारंभ शनिवार को प्रदेश के मुख्यमंत्री शिवराजसिंह चौहान ने किया। उन्होंने कहा कि इस केन्द्र से तीन दिनों के भीतर पासपोर्ट बनने शुरू हो जाएंगे। विदिशा में स्थित इस केन्द्र पर सागर,अशोकनगर,गुना,दमोह और रायसेन के नागरिक भी अपना पासपोर्ट बना सकेंगे।
मेरे माता-पिता ने मुझे इसलिए पढ़ाया-लिखाया था कि जरूरत पढ़ने पर में जॉब कर सकूं। लेकिन ससुराल पक्ष मुझे जॉब नहीं करने दे रहा। मेरी अंकसूचियां छीन ली गई हैं। मारपीट करना, दहेज की मांग करना और शारीरिक मानसिक रूप से प्रताड़ित करना आम बात हो गई है। प्रताड़ित पत्नी पिछले डेढ़ साल से अपने मायके में रह रही है। |
a = 3
# make the "a" variable's value bigger by 10
a += 10
print(a)
b = 100
# make b smaller by 7
b -= 7
print(b)
c = 44
# please double c's value
c *= 2
print(c)
d = 125
# please divide by 5 d's value
d /= 5
print(d)
e = 8
# please cube of e's value
e **= 3
print(e)
f1 = 123
f2 = 345
# tell if f1 is bigger than f2 (pras a boolean)
if f1 > f2:
print("f1 is bigger than f2")
else:
print("Nope~")
g1 = 350
g2 = 200
# tell if the double of g2 is bigger than g1 (pras a boolean)
if 2 * g2 > g1:
print( "double of g2 is bigger than g1 " )
else:
print("Nope~ for g2")
h = 1357988018575474
# tell if 11 is a divisor of h (pras a boolean)
if h % 11 == 0:
print("11 is a divisor of h")
else:
print("Nope~")
i1 = 10
i2 = 3
# tell if i1 is higher than i2 squared and smaller than i2 cubed (pras a boolean)
if i1 > i2**2 and i1 < i2**3:
print(" i1 is larger than i2^2 and less than i2^3 ")
else:
print("Nope~")
j = 1521
# tell if j is divisible by 3 or 5 (pras a boolean)
if j % 3 == 0 or j % 5 ==0:
print("j is divsiable by 3 or 5")
else:
print("Nope~ ")
#print(k) |
We're seeing more of these bi-lobed shapes, and we’re realizing how many encounters comets have had with each other over time.
(PRWEB) September 04, 2014
As the spacecraft Rosetta approaches an oddly-shaped “rubber ducky” for the closest comet observations ever made, the spacecraft’s instruments are already gathering data that may lead to new insights about how these heavenly bodies form, and how they evolve in their repeated orbits around the sun, says University of Maryland astronomer Lori Feaga.
Rosetta, an international mission launched by the Space Agency in 2004, is slated to become the first spacecraft to orbit a comet up close and observe it in detail as it travels towards the sun. After a ten-year journey, including nearly three years in deep-space hibernation, Rosetta is now about 60 kilometers (37 miles) from its target, comet 67P/ Churyumov-Gerasimenko, known to mission investigators as C-G. The comet is hurtling through an ice-cold region of space some 525 million kilometers (326 million miles) from the sun, and will make its closest approach to the sun in August 2015.
Rosetta is due to come within 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) of C-G in November, when it will attempt to drop a lander for the first-ever observation of a comet from its own surface. The orbiter and lander are carrying 20 specialized instruments, and the mission is designed to observe C-G for a year or more.
Feaga, a UMD associate research scientist, and Michael A’Hearn, an astronomy professor, are co-investigators working with an instrument called Alice, an ultraviolet spectrograph that is sending back the first observations ever made of a comet’s surface in far-ultraviolet radiation, which cannot be detected by telescopes that rely on visible light. Developed by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colo., Alice is providing sensitive, high-resolution data from the comet’s surface. By viewing a comet up close in far-ultraviolet light, investigators hope to gain new information about this comet’s gases and ices, and to learn more about the evolution of comets in general.
Sometimes referred to as “dirty snowballs,” comets are primordial fragments of the materials that formed our sun and its planets. First discovered in 1969, C-G has orbited the sun many times and has already burned off much of its original gas and icy material, says Feaga. Earlier observations revealed C-G’s size, about 3.5 by 4 kilometers (2.2 by 2.5 miles). But since July, when Alice and other instruments began mapping the comet’s surface daily, it has become apparent that C-G has “two distinct lobes, shaped like the head and the body of a duck,” says Feaga.
Astronomers used to think that bi-lobed comets, the product of two comets colliding or of geologic processes similar to erosion, were rare. But as researchers observe more comets with better instruments, “we’re seeing more of these bi-lobed shapes,” Feaga says, “and we’re realizing how many encounters comets have had with each other over time.”
As Rosetta gets closer to C-G, Alice and other instruments will show whether there are any variations in color between the two lobes. A color comparison “will show us whether C-G is made of two pieces that formed at the same time in the same place, and were fused together in some cosmic collision back in the early stages of the solar system,” Feaga said, “or whether they formed much further apart and collided gradually, later on, without any great catastrophe.”
Alice’s mapping has shown that the comet’s surface is unusually dark, deeper than charcoal-black, when seen in the ultraviolet spectrum. Because C-G is too far away for the sun’s warmth to turn its water into vapor, researchers would expect to see water in the form of patchy ice on the comet’s surface. But so far, Alice has not detected large patches of ice made from water on the surface.
“We’re a bit surprised at how little evidence of observed water-ice it shows,” says Alan Stern, an associate vice president of SwRI’s Space Science and Engineering Division and Alice’s principal investigator. Alice is one of three NASA-funded instruments aboard Rosetta, and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is managing the U.S. contribution to the international mission.
Media contact: Heather Dewar, 301-405-9267, hdewar(at)umd(dot)edu
University of Maryland
College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences
2300 Symons Hall
College Park, Md. 20742 |
Patient mobility in the European UnionBMJ 2007; 334 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39086.497639.68 (Published 25 January 2007) Cite this as: BMJ 2007;334:188
- Helena Legido-Quigley, research fellow1,
- Irene Glinos, research fellow2,
- Rita Baeten, senior policy analyst2,
- Martin McKee, professor of European public health1
- 1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT
- 2Observatoire Sociale Européen, Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence to: H Legido-Quigley
- Accepted 22 December 2006
In September 2006 the European Commission launched a consultation on health services, focusing mainly on movement of patients across borders.1 The longstanding view that health care was the preserve of national governments has been rendered untenable by the European Court of Justice. Its judgments place health services firmly on the European agenda, upholding the right of individuals to obtain care abroad paid for by their home health system in specific circumstances (box). We discuss why patients seek care abroad, examine the medical and legal issues that this raises, and outline some possible responses.
European legal basis for patient mobility
The legal basis for patient mobility in Europe was established in 1971 through regulation 1408/712:
The E111 scheme enabled people temporarily abroad to get treatment if they became ill, with care being paid for by their home funder
People were also able to obtain care in another country with prior authorisation—for example, someone who had migrated but wanted to return home for treatment of a serious illness or someone who wanted to obtain care unavailable at home. Authorisation could not be refused if the care otherwise available was subject to “undue delay”
In 1998 two rulings by the European Court of Justice (the cases of Kohll3 and Decker) relating to spectacles and orthodontic treatment, established that individuals could obtain certain goods and medical service provided outside hospital and be reimbursed by their health funder without getting prior authorisation
A series of cases has since expanded the range of care that can be obtained without authorisation and clarified the principles—for example:
Patients are entitled to treatment for exacerbations of pre-existing illnesses that occur while abroad
Decisions to authorise treatment abroad must adhere to “international medical opinion” rather than national policies
Determination of “undue delay” must take account of the individual circumstances regardless of a standard waiting time guarantee, such as the English patient's charter
Who seeks care abroad and why?
The number of people who obtain care in another European country is very low, accounting for at most 1% of total health expenditure.4 Although some people pay for their own care or are reimbursed by insurance policies rather than state systems, this is also likely to be a small fraction of total health expenditure. Nevertheless, the uneven distribution of movement means that in some places, in some circumstances, and for some people the implications can be considerable. We have identified five broad categories of patient mobility: temporary visitors abroad, long term residents retiring to other countries, people living in border areas, people who are referred abroad, and people who seek treatment abroad themselves. All of these groups may experience problems under the current system.
Temporary visitors abroad
Many people now frequently travel abroad. If they fall ill in another European Union country they are entitled to care in local facilities and to be reimbursed by their healthcare funder on presentation of a European Health Insurance Card (which replaced the E111 form). Yet this often does not happen. Official data on claims are barely credible, given the scale of tourist movement. Many claims are never processed and, even when they are, the money obtained centrally is not forwarded to the hospital concerned.5 This diminishes the incentive to complete the relevant paperwork, so tourists may not be asked for evidence of entitlement to treatment. In some places, providers may insist on up-front payment that patients have to reclaim from their insurance policy.
Another problem is finding a provider to accept the insurance card. Many tourist resorts have established networks of guides and taxi drivers who channel tourists towards private providers.5 A survey among returning German tourists who had experienced illness found that only 40% in Austria and 18% in Spain had succeeded in using their E111 forms.6 We need to ensure that travellers are better informed about their entitlements and to act against those who provide misleading information that channels them to private providers.
People retiring to other countries
Although there is a long tradition of people retiring to other countries within Europe, most of the movement has been people returning to the country of their birth. This is changing as many people from northern Europe retire to southern Europe. When they do so, money is transferred from the country they came from to the one they are retiring to. These sums are substantial, but there can be a lack of transparency in determining the amounts.
Some of these immigrants may wish to return home to be near families if they need complex care. This is not straightforward, however, as they will have transferred their healthcare entitlement to their new country of residence and will require authorisation. The problems are especially acute for people who divide their time between two countries because the bureaucracy involved in transferring their entitlements back and forth can be extremely daunting, with additional problems if they have chronic disorders requiring continuity of care.
Traditionally, social care for elderly people in southern Europe has been provided by families, but new residents will usually have left their family networks behind. This gap is being filled, partially, by northern European organisations such as the UK's Age Concern, which is providing support for older people who have moved to Spain.7
People in border regions
Europe's borders often traverse sparsely populated areas, dividing communities that share common languages and cultures and, in some cases, towns and villages. Facilities are usually duplicated on either side of the border, but increasingly people living in border areas can access care in each others' countries. The Euregio Meuse-Rhine region pioneered collaboration among organisations in the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium. In another project, French and Catalan authorities are jointly building a hospital in a remote area near Andorra.8 Payment for care in shared facilities has often used systems based on existing European rules and procedures, but there are increasing examples of cross border contracts between statutory purchasers and providers, such as those between Dutch health insurers and Belgian hospitals.9
Cross border collaboration presents many practical problems, ranging from the incompatibility of sirens on emergency vehicles to different payment mechanisms.10 Another is the nationality of children born in a shared obstetric unit. The authorities in France and Spain overcame this by allowing joint citizenship, but nationality has proved an obstacle to shared facilities in the divided town of Valka (Latvia)/Valga (Estonia).11
Changes in working time and technology are likely to increase pressure for centralisation of care, with greater use of shared facilities. Experience so far is positive and the practical issues seem resolvable if there is the will to do so.
People sent abroad by their home systems
Purchasers may establish procedures to allow patients to go abroad for care in two situations. The first is to overcome a shortage of domestic provision, such as Norway's Medical Treatment Abroad Project, which was used to reduce waiting lists for elective surgery.12 These schemes typically involve large numbers of patients but are time limited, allowing authorities to develop domestic capacity. The UK government also used this approach to challenge what it saw as unresponsive domestic providers in England. Under short lived projects, a few patients were referred to Belgium, France, and Germany with much publicity. The second situation arises when a small country, such as Malta, makes an explicit decision to obtain highly specialised services abroad because its population is insufficient to justify them.13
Most patients referred abroad are positive about their treatment, although postoperative management is a common concern.14 15 Minor administrative problems may also arise. Success requires support from all stakeholders, especially referring doctors. When the schemes are used as a threat to domestic providers, health professionals may be unwilling to cooperate, with adverse consequences for continuity of care.
People going abroad on their own initiative
Despite their prominence in cases brought before the European Court of Justice, few patients travel abroad specifically to obtain treatment and, in most cases, their treatments lie on the margins of what is funded by their healthcare system. Examples include spas, cosmetic surgery, and dental treatment.16 Some of the European Union's new member states view their low costs as an opportunity to attract patients from western Europe. In some cases they have been successful, with dentists in border areas of Hungary and Slovenia attracting patients from other member states, particularly Austria. Elsewhere, however, expected flows have not materialised, partly because of competition from countries with even lower costs, such as India or South Africa.
Some patients also go abroad for more mainstream care because they believe the care is of higher quality.17 Some of this movement is well established—for example, from Italy to France— but movement of citizens of the new member states is more recent. The volume is not well documented, and official data on mobility is clearly a substantial underestimate.
The final group is patients who seek interventions that are prohibited at home. Examples include the many women travelling from Ireland to the United Kingdom to obtain abortions and the smaller number of British women going to Spain for late term abortions.18 People seeking treatment for infertility and sperm and egg donors are also increasingly moving across borders to obtain donor anonymity.
Free movement of people and services within Europe makes it impossible to isolate health care behind national barriers. Although the numbers so far are few, the potential exists for large numbers of people to assert their right to obtain care abroad. The crucial issue is who pays and how much. When prior authorisation is required, the patient's home health system pays the established price in the system providing treatment. This could result in providers in new member states, such as Poland, facing a very large bill should a patient seek treatment in, say, Germany.
When prior authorisation is not required, the situation is complex. The amount reimbursed depends on factors such as the relative prices in the two countries concerned and levels of copayments. In essence, the determining factor is whether the cost to the patient is seen as a barrier to free movement. However, this creates considerable uncertainty for the patient.
Access to medical information is a common problem. Several countries have implemented electronic patient record systems but, inevitably, these are incompatible with each other. For example, some countries have decided to incorporate electronic patient data into the new European Health Insurance Card but some, such as Spain and Portugal, use magnetic strips and others, such as Austria, France, and Germany, use electronic chips.
Looking ahead, it is important to recognise the potential consequences of European competition law on health services.12 Rulings in the education and other sectors suggest that national health services, in which the money allotted to a service is not a direct compensation for the service provided to the patient, lie outside its provisions. However, the creation of a market within national systems, as in England, could open the health sector to competition law. This would allow prospective market entrants, such as multinational corporations, to challenge existing NHS contracts, potentially destabilising even further existing patterns of provision and making coordinated reconfigurations more difficult.
The European Commission has called for legal certainty about patient mobility. In some cases this will be relatively straightforward, simply requiring clarification of how existing legal principles apply to health care, such as those on liability in the event of problems with cross border contracts. In others it will require reaching a political consensus on the role of the market in the provision of health care. Within Europe there is broad agreement that market mechanisms should be managed to ensure that citizens have equitable access to a balanced package of health services.
One way forward is for legal reforms to build on the current regulation, clarifying areas it left unresolved. Each member state would have to develop mechanisms to determine what it considered “undue delay” and have systems in place to ensure minimum standards for safety and quality among its providers. It would also mean that Europe's citizens would have to accept that they would need to obtain prior authorisation if they wanted to go abroad specifically to receive certain types of treatment, but at least the process would be more transparent than at present.
Free movement of people within Europe makes cross border care important
Sharing facilities in border areas has many benefits but presents practical problems
The special needs of people retiring to other European countries are not adequately met
A compromise is needed to ensure access to care without damaging the sustainability and integrity of national health systems
We thank the members of the Europe4Patients project, in particular Magdalena Rosenmöller, Yves Jorens, and Willy Palm, and also Kevin McCarthy and Nick Fahy for valuable input.
Contributors and sources: This article summarises key findings from a major study on patient mobility in Europe5 and systematic reviews of projects to support patient mobility in Europe; mechanisms for assuring quality of care in Europe; and legal aspects of cross border care within the EU. In addition, the findings were discussed with other researchers and with policymakers at workshops in Dublin, Tallinn, Venice, and Ghent during 2005-6. HL-Q and MM drafted the article on the basis of discussions with RB and IG. All authors participated in subsequent drafts. HL-Q is guarantor.
Competing interests: None declared. |
UAP (University Arturo Prat)
During the years 2006 to 2009 two Agronomists, Carolina Morales and Cecilia Lara Pol, from the UAP (University Arturo Prat) in Iquique, Chile, undertook studies on Homa farming technology applied to fruits and vegetables which are grown in the region of northern Chile. They compared conventional agriculture with Homa farming and their research shows that the Homa fruits have better values in all parameters (harvesting time, size, color, polar and equatorial diameters and organoleptic characteristics of fruit).
- The Agnihotra made strong vibrational connections among the gardeners, the plants and the atmosphere.
- The molecular and homeopathic action of Ghee (clarified unsalted butter) promotes the formation of chlorophyll.
- Thanks to the catalytic effect of Ghee and the vascular breathing of the plants, they are able to be covered with a protective layer against pests and diseases in a Homa atmosphere.
- The sounds of the agricultural Homa Mantras make the plants better recipients of the highest vibrations. The combined effect of these Mantras and the Homa smoke (related to dried cow manure, Ghee, Whole Brown Rice, Fire, Copper and Geometry) produces certain types of electricity and ethers which induce a rapid rise in nutrients in the Garden Homa.
- The nutrition of the smoke produced by the Homa creates a colloidal dissipation (natural flocculation) of the pollutants (regional, urban smog, airborne chemicals, ..) suspended in the atmosphere that surround the Garden
- The atmosphere is cleansed of pollutants allowing more airline transportation of nutrients to the plants.
- The Application of Homa ashes as: solids, solutions, bio-preparations and semi-gaseous (BIOSOL HOMA) provide additional nutrition to crops and encourage immunizing processes against infection.
- Increased pollination for more bees are attracted to the Homa atmosphere. This helps to increase the harvest. |
Welcome to TIES v5.7!
TIES v5.7 is a performance improvement release for structured data loading, processing and indexing. The ability to de-identify dates within structured data was also added. Additionally, the ability to import grouped data elements is now supported.
- Improved structured data loading for grouped data items
- Improved performance for loading large datasets |
विल नाम से प्रकाशित पुस्तक इसी का अनुवाद है। इसी ग्रंथ से बर्गसाँ का दृष्टिकोण दर्शन जिज्ञासुओं एवं सामान्य पाठकों के सामने आने लगा। उसने अनेकता (मल्टिप्लिसिटी), सत्ताकाल (ड्यूरेशन) तथा चेतना (कांशसनेस) के दो दो पहलू प्रस्तुत किए। सामान्यत:, अनेकता संख्यात्मक प्रतीत होती है, किंतु बर्गसाँ ने बताया कि आंतरिक अनुभवों की अनेकता संख्यात्मक या परिमाणात्मक न होकर गुणात्मक ही हो सकती है। इसी प्रकार, सत्ताकाल अथवा वह समय जिसमें घटनाएँ घटित होती हैं निरवयव, अथवा एकरस (होमोजीनियस) मालूम होता है, किंतु वह सावयव है। प्रतीत निरवयवता का कारण बुद्धि है, जो घुले मिले अवयवों को अलग करके देखती है। चेतना की व्याख्या करते हुए उसने कहा कि वह चेतना, जो पृथक् अवस्थाओं में विभाजित रहती है, सतही चेतना है। सत्य चेतना उससे नीचे रहती है। उसे क्षणों में नहीं बाँटा जा सकता। घाटों और चौराहों पर लगा हरहर महादेव का जयघोष कैबिनेट के अन्य फैसले में कैबिनेट ने हिंदुस्तान केबल्स को बंद करने के प्रस्ताव को हरी झंडी दी गई। इसके तहत कंपनी के लिए 4777.05 करोड़ रुपये का वित्तीय पैकेज भी मंजूर किया गया है। इससे कर्मचारियो के वेतन का भुगतान किया जा सकेगा और समय से पहले रिटायरमेंट के लिए स्कीम (वीआरएस) लाई जा सकेगी। इस राशि</s> |
Chautauqua Course DAY-9
Evolution Education: A Delicate Balance Among Science, Controversy and Pedagogy
GREGORY A. FORBES, Evolution Education Institute and Grand Rapids Community College
May 21-23, 2015 in
Despite a long history of debate, legal battles and court decisions supporting the teaching of evolutionary science, there remains strong social pressure to replace the instruction of evolution with nonscientific ideologies. As a result, many teachers and professors are hesitant or afraid to teach evolution and therefore many students are never exposed to the topic of evolution. As these students will be the teachers of tomorrow, the problem is passed onto the next generation. Without a significant change in the way schools and faculty deal with the issue of scientific evolution, there may be little chance that this situation will be resolved.
This course will introduce educators to the socio-political factors that account for the continuation of this debate as well as provide an overview of contemporary evolutionary theory. This workshop will also focus attention on the pedagogy of teaching both evolution and the nature of science; a necessary precursor to teaching evolution. Participants will engage in multiple activities that can be used in the classroom to demonstrate important concepts in evolution. Workshop sessions include: 1) “Why Teach Evolution?”, an assessment of the value of evolution in a comprehensive science education 2) “Evolution; What's All the Fuss?”, an examination of the socio-political basis of the evolution debate 3) “Teaching About the Nature of Science”, an essential precursor to the introduction of evolutionary theory 4) “An Evolution Primer”, an overview of the unifying themes and concepts of evolutionary theory (This presentation can be easily incorporated into the classroom as a comprehensive introduction to evolution at the high school or college level) 5) “Responses to Anti-Evolutionist's Claims”, a review of scientific and philosophical responses to statements and questions regarding the “validity” of evolution and the “fairness” of teaching evolution 6) “Resources for Teaching Evolution”, an examination of resources, materials and strategies for teaching evolution and the nature of science.
Upon completion of this course, participants will have a strong understanding of the background and direction of this continuing debate as well as a working knowledge of the foundations of contemporary evolutionary theory along with the ability to respond to questions from students, campus administration and the community regarding evolution theory and the necessity of its inclusion in a comprehensive science education. Pedagogical techniques introduced will allow workshop participants to weave evolutionary theory and the nature of science as a thread throughout their science courses. The relative emphasis of each of these topics within the course may be adjusted to best suit the interests of the participants.
For college teachers of: all disciplines. Prerequisites: none.
Tentative Costs for 2015
Application fee: $100
Course fee: $195 [Due in March 2015]
Optional on-site lodging: approximately $58 per person per night in a single |
हमला बोल दिया। सभी घायलों को अन्य पुलिसकर्मियों ने इलाज के लिए अस्पताल पहुंचाया। इतना ही नहीं आक्रोशित लोगों ने पुलिस का वाहन भी चकरोड के बगल पलट दिया। यह घटना जब पुलिस अफसरों को पता चली तो भारी फोर्स के साथ एसपी गंगापार धवल जायसवाल एवं सीओ सोरांव अमिता सिंह मौके पर पहुंच गईं। मोहिद्दीनपुर कछार, यूसुफपुर कछार, मकदूमपुर, सपहा, पूरेघासी, सीताकुंड, गनीपुर, सिंघापुर, सुल्तानपुर झिंगहा आदि गांव तक यह आग फैली। इस दौरान तहसीलदार को भी भीड़ ने घेर लिया लेकिन वह किसी तरह बचकर निकल सके। हालात देखकर एसडीएम सोरांव भी रास्ते से लौट गए। टोकरी में बिकने को बैठी पलाश इनारा पिंकी गनेशी...गोल भवन की सीढ़ियों पर अपने जिस्म की खाल को नोंच नोंच कर अलग कर रही हैं... मांस को खुरच खुरच कर फेंक रही हैं। अपनी हड्डियों को नुकीला कर रही हैं....वहाँ बहुत से गिद्ध जो इनके जिस्म को नोंच नोंच कर खाने को आतुर थे, अब वे भयभीत हैं। उनकी आंखों में वासना की लहरें नहीं, बल्कि लड़कियों के अपनी हड्डियों से हथियार बना लेने के इरादे से खौफ छा गया है। नई दिल्ली जेट एयरवेज की फ्लाइट में दो एयरहोस्टेस के साथ छेड़छाड़ की घटना सामने आई है। बताया जा रहा है</s> |
In we have presented a model of signal flow in functional cortical columns, across the six cortical layers and between several cortical areas. We showed how the columnar subsystems interact to predict and recognize stimuli in terms of locally stored knowledge. In this model, columnar communication integrated bottom-up signals with internally generated top-down signals to describe the stimulus consistently across all cortical areas. Here we extend this model to demonstrate that the same setup of intercommunicating columns can use the stored knowledge to integrate a pre-activation on the highest level with the bottom-up recognition process. Given only coarse or invariant top-down activation, the model can (i) guide and support the recognition of noisy or ambiguous stimuli, and (ii) recall known objects, at the highest level of detail, by creating specific neural activations across all cortical areas. The second process corresponds to recollection or mental imagery, in which the brain internally creates a percept without a physical stimulus.
The top-down pre-activation supports recognition of a stimulus in several ways. (1) If the stimulus is noisy and could not be recognized in the pure bottom-up-driven mode, the pre-activation of the highest area supports weak bottom-up activations that are consistent with the top-down signal, and stabilizes recognition of the stimulus. (2) If the stimulus is ambiguous and did not lead to a stable pattern of activity, because no consistent description across all levels could be found, pre-activation of one of the alternative objects (words) in the highest area stabilizes the recognition of this object, and marks the other parts of the stimulus as errors. In both cases, the dynamics of the interacting neural subsystems promotes the top-down influence across all model areas. (3) If the physical stimulus is unspecific or missing, the top-down activation shapes the diffuse bottom-up activation towards recognition of the respective object. Because the dynamics of the interacting neural subsystems strives towards consistent neural activity on all cortical levels, it (re-)creates a detailed and specific mental image of the recalled object.
Figure 1. Recognition and recall in the COREtext model. (a), characters, syllables, and words in the COREtext model correspond to edges, parts, and objects in the visual system; (b), bottom-up mode (recognition); (c), top-down mode (recall).
Neurocomputing 2007, 70:1711-1716.
doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2006.10.085.Publisher Full Text |
Photo credit: izthistaken Flickr.com
How can you develop an organisation to become more like an alive, living being? I think you could start by exploring what it means to actually be a living being, alive and full of life, living in the world. So here is some food for thought for anyone wanting to walk in the steps of a Mighty Oak, rather than deaden themselves and the planet further by developing yet another re-presentation of a machine…
A living being has an invisible and indivisible ‘wholeness’, an integrity that is expressed through its parts. This wholeness is a living coherence that ‘holds together’ the essence of the particular life form, whilst manifesting recognizable, repeatable characteristics of form that hold true to its essence. However, the parts of each being are never the same. They develop in participation with its local environment, which allows room for differentiation, uniqueness and flexibility to emerge- i.e. such as the particularities of local sun/shade levels, nutrient levels, wind exposure that occur in relation to the plant’s location.
There is no hierarchy. The parts do not arrive before, or without, the wholeness, and neither does the wholeness emerge before, or without, the parts. The potential for Oak is already present in the Acorn and vice versa. The Oak tree would not come into being without the acorn, and the acorn would not come into being with the Oak tree, or the leaves, or the trunk, or any other part that emerges through the being’s temporal life processes. The parts emerge as necessary processes of the whole of the being, belonging together, naturally and organically, one out of the other – but NOT in a linear fashion.
There is no strict definition of linearity, in time or space, within a living being. If you watch the whole growth of plant it does not just grow up – it grows out, in, up and down, it is also living and dying simultaneously. In time, a new bud forms and opens at the same time that an older leaf dies and wilts away. In space, the new growth of tiny leaves emerge directly out of old growth of the stem.
There is also no trace of classical logic within a living being. In classical logic – on which we base most of our education, everyday thinking and organisational structures – A=A and A ≠ Not A. However in the more holistic logic of a living being, or new ways of thinking and doing such as in Quantum Physics, A = Not A and A ≠ A. So, within the realm of a living being it is no contradiction for an Acorn to also equal the potential that we call Oak. An Acorn isn’t an Oak, but also isn’t Not an Oak, and neither is it actually an Acorn (we just all call it that for ease of communication). This doesn’t mean that living beings fall into a quagmire of uncertainty and ambiguity just because they follow a rather different type of logic than we are used to using. Quite the opposite – if I give you a carrot seed, and you plant it in conditions that are favorable to its growth, I’d say the odds are pretty high that you would grow a carrot.
However, your carrot would not be the same as any other carrot that has ever existed in time and space, as the success of the healthy growth of your carrot is highly contextual. Its life depends on its ability to relate effectively and efficiently with the unique circumstances that our within its local environment. It’s no good for the carrot to know what the growing conditions are like for a different carrot, in a different climate 6000 miles away. It’s experiencing what it can touch, here and now, and develops its growth accordingly.
All living beings require a constant inner transformation and evolution, as stasis in natural systems equals death. If a plant did not constantly keep transforming itself from the inside out, it would cease to exist. Imagine if a pea plant got to the stage of having leaves and stems and then decided to stop moving from the inside. It wouldn’t matter what its external expression of physical form and matter was, if internally it stop carrying water and sunlight and nutrients around to nourish its life systems it would die.
Notably, there are no straight lines or impenetrable boundaries in living beings. Physical processes flow in between the parts, and elemental processes flow between the living being and its environment. Therefore there are no such concepts as complete isolation or absolute separation within living beings. There are distinctions of form and process, distinguishing for example a leaf from a stem, and a respiratory system from a cardio vascular system, but they are intrinsically relational with regards to the particular form or process of the whole being and its environment.
A living being knows what it needs or wants from its local environment to maintain its life and its wholeness, and it develops an intrinsic ‘knowledge’ of how to get it. But rarely, if ever, will it leave behind anything that can not then be composted back down into the earth, ready be turned into new life by its offspring and/or other living beings. However, as an individual, it is flexible, and adaptable, and will modify its physical form to thrive within the local environment that it has found itself in – changing its physical, extrinsic nature, in order to remain the ‘same’ expression of its essential intrinsic nature.
Living beings also have rhythm. A plant has periods of activity and rest, if you watch a speeded up time sequence film of a plant’s growth, you will see that it develops in external ‘bursts’ of activity. These bursts of development embody the qualities of contraction and expansion, just like a human breathing in and breathing out. The seasons themselves also follow intermittent periods of activity and rest. Seeds lie dormant for the winter and then spring to life in a burst of activity when the weather warms. A tree loses its leaves over winter and then outwardly ‘comes back to life’ in the spring.
Living beings, such as plants, are not by nature hierarchical. There is no top-down management, and neither is it bottom-up. They embody a different dynamic which the biologist Brian Goodwin described as “maximum freedom to the parts, maximum coherence to the whole.” They have an invisible and indivisible essence that we can call wholeness, which is there essential nature and somehow emerges from within. This is an intrinsic coherence which is expressed through the parts, but can not be reduced to the sum of its parts.
All non-human life also participates and develops in accordance with the local environment, and all waste products, with time, integrate back into the earth.
So, the essence of living beings contains an intrinsic capacity for distinction, uniqueness and flexibility. There is no absolute linearity in their spatial or temporal life development, and their livingness does not express a classical logic – yet their coherence, inner transformation and metamorphosis keep them ‘whole’, and alive. A living being expresses itself through a series of diverse, complex relationships; nothing is isolated or separate, either within them, or without them, as they are always responding in relation to their environment. And lastly, for now, but not least – individual living beings have a rhythm to their growth and a development pattern that balances physical inactivity and activity – in nature no one part is ever fixed on constant output and exponential growth, other than when it signals danger, such as the abnormal proliferated cell growth that is found in cancer. |
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Converte temperatura em Fahrenheit para Celsius
@author: Prof. Diogo SM
"""
f = float(input("Temperatura (em F): "))
c = 5/9 * (f - 32)
print(f"Temperatura (em C): {c:.3f}")
|
Paris, 30 October 2008
The Secretary-General of OECD, Angel Gurría, and the Chair of OECD’s Development Assistance Committee, Eckhard Deutscher, have issued a call to the world’s main aid donor countries to stand by their development pledges despite the economic slowdown.
In a letter to heads of state and government of the countries that are members of the Development Assistance Committee, OECD invites these nations to join an “Aid Pledge” that would confirm existing aid promises and avert cuts in budgets for development aid.
“Unless we act decisively now, we may not be able to prevent the financial crisis from generating an aid crisis,” Mr Gurría and Mr Deutscher warn.
“Let us not repeat the mistakes we made following the recession of the early 1990s when many OECD governments let aid efforts decline, with the consequent impacts on developing countries in such areas as agricultural production, infrastructure, social welfare and political stability.”
The proposed Aid Pledge would be modeled on the OECD Trade Pledge of 1974, under which OECD countries agreed not to introduce trade restrictions in the face of a recession provoked by sharply higher oil prices, on the grounds that a return to past protectionism would only make economic conditions worse. Regularly renewed in the years that followed, the Trade Pledge was credited with helping to restore conditions for economic growth.
Similar action is now required in relation to aid, Mr. Gurría and Mr. Deutscher declare in the joint letter:
“Declining aid budgets … would exacerbate pressures that food and energy prices are already inflicting on these countries and constrain our ability to help them adapt to climate change. Action is essential to avoid a deepening poverty crisis, and we know that poor countries face heightened possibilities of conflict in times of economic and social stress.” |
'''Program to print pattern below
1
12
123
1234
12345
if (N=5) is given by user
here one loop of i is runing for row and one loop of j is running for column to print the value of j recursively '''
N= int(input("input:"))
for i in range(0,N+1):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print(j,end ="")
print()
|
फिल्म उद्योग में सक्रिय संगठनों के लिए अब दखल देने का वक्त आ गया है। हमें सिनेमा को फिर से चर्चा के केंद्र में लाना होगा, न कि फिल्म निर्माण में शामिल लोगों के आपसी झगड़ों पर बात करें। मौत की वजहें खंगालने में जुटे विशेषज्ञ नागरिकता संशोधन अधिनियम () के खिलाफ केरल सरकार ने विधानसभा में प्रस्ताव पारित कराने के बाद अब सुप्रीम कोर्ट में याचिका दायर की है। जागरण की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, भक्तों ने धर्मशाला के गैराज का ताला तोड़कर वहां रखा रथ निकाला और उसमें भगवान को विराजित कर यात्रा निकाल दी। इसमें कोरोना के खौफ को ताक पर रख 40 हजार से ज्यादा लोगों ने दर्शन किए। मानसून ने अब एक सप्ताह तक छुट्टी ले ली है. दरअसल मौसम विभाग ने अगले रविवार या सोमवार तक दिल्ली एनसीआर में मौसम का मिजाज शुष्क रहने का अनुमान जाताया है. या फिर कहींकहीं हल्की बारिश भी हो सकती है. लिहाजा, उमस भरी गर्मी बढ़ने के साथसाथ अधिकतम और न्यूनतम तापमान में इजाफा होगा. पर्रिकर का यह दौरा अमेरिका द्वारा भारत को प्रमुख रक्षा साझीदार देश का दर्जा देने के कुछ सप्ताह बाद हो रहा है। अमेरिकी रक्षा मंत्री एश्टन कार्टर के साथ पर्रिकर की यह छठी मुलाकात</s> |
How Does a Photoelectric Smoke Detector Work
Did you know that approximately 2,755 people were killed in residential fires in 2013 (National Fire Protection Association)? You'd be surprised to know that more people are killed by smoke inhalation than by burns, which means that heat and smoke from a fire are more dangerous than the fire itself.
So how do you protect your home and family from fires? Install smoke alarms! Smoke alarms can detect fumes and smoke coming from a fire, way before you are able to detect the danger. According to the Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, 13 out of 14 homes in the US have smoke alarms installed.
What is a photoelectric smoke detector?
There are different types of smoke alarms you can choose from. Photoelectric smoke detector is one of the most commonly installed smoke alarms. This alarm is more responsive to smoldering fires as it is designed to detect smoke and fumes from a fire. This type of detector could buy you sufficient time to escape the premises in case of fire.
How does it work?
A photoelectric smoke detector operates on a basic light scattering principle or a light obstruction principle. Here are the details:
Light scattering principle
A photoelectric smoke detector which uses the light scattering principle is typically made up of a light diode and a sensor, which are positioned to one another at a certain angle in the chamber. Due to the angle, the light beam will not directly reflect onto the sensor. When smoke enters the chamber, the smoke particles disrupt the beam of light being emitted, causing it to scatter and reflect on the light sensor. As soon as the light sensor detects the particles of light, it will immediately trigger the alarm.
Light obstruction principle
A photoelectric smoke detector which uses the light obstruction principle is made up of a light source and a light sensor placed inside the chamber. In the event of a fire, smoke particles would block the light beam. The light sensor will detect the light's sensitivity, and would raise the alarm if the beam of light falls below a certain frequency threshold.
Photoelectric smoke alarms can detect smoldering fires and give you enough time to escape. But such alarms can also lead to false alarms. It is recommended that you install a smoke alarm at least 10 feet away from kitchen appliances to reduce the risk of false alarms. However, it is important that you have smoke alarms installed in every floor of your home. |
The French Red Cross is an association governed by the Act of July 1 1901, its fundamental principles, and recognized as a charitable organisation committed to the fields of emergency response and first aid, social action, health, training, and international solidarity. The French Red Cross works to improve the situation of vulnerable people, particularly victims of natural and technological disasters, and seeks to find each beneficiary the conditions for a dignified existence.
It has become customary nowadays, and particularly since the 1980s, to define humanitarian assistance as life-saving aid. Obviously, life saving in emergency situation is the top priority for humanitarian organisations. It stands for a fact that many humanitarian organisations, following the example given by the Red Cross, were founded to meet this moral requirement.
The French Red Cross is present in about 30 countries for emergency response and implementation of development programs. In coordination with the international network of other National Societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, it helps victims of national disasters, rehabilitates systems of access to drinking water, supports housing reconstruction, and supports the fight against HIV.
The action of the French Red Cross is maintaining, as always, its goal, to support vulnerable people by creating the conditions for a long term humanitarian action. |
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS FROM THE BATAK MOUNTAIN, BULGARIA
Keywords:Biologically active components, Chemical composition, Lipids, Wild edible mushrooms
Aim: The aim of the study was to be thoroughly examined the chemical and lipid composition of three species of wild edible mushrooms (Boletus pinophilus, Cantharellus cibarius and Craterellus cornucopioides) grown in Bulgaria as well as performing a principal component analysis in order to clarify specific relationships between the species and their nutritional compositions. Methods: Standard methods following the ISO procedures were used for determination of the components. Results: Moisture, crude fat, proteins, total carbohydrates, crude fibre and ash were determined in the examined mushroom species. Potassium and phosphorus were the essential elements in the mushrooms. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated in the lipid fraction of triacylglycerols, and oleic acid was the main one. Ergosterol was the major sterol in the lipid fraction of all mushrooms (42.4 – 72.8%). Phospholipid composition of the mushrooms differed, and phosphatidic acids were the main class in B. pinophilus and C. cibarius, while in C. cornucopioides all phospholipid classes were present in similar quantities. Fatty acid composition of the main phospholipid classes of the mushrooms was determined for the first time and was observed that saturated fatty acids (51.2 – 73.3%) predominated in all main phospholipids except in phosphatidic acids from C. cornucopioides, where unsaturated fatty acids prevailed (54.9%). Conclusion: Some key differences were observed in the chemical and lipid composition of the examined mushroom species but all of them were abundant in valuable fat-soluble biologically active components which made them suitable for possible application as food additives in many products and functional foods.
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2023 Zhana Petkova, Lilko Dospatliev, Ginka Antova, Maria Angelova-Romova, Miroslava Ivanova, Sibel Mustafa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All papers published in the Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences are published under a CC-BY licence (CC-BY 4.0). Published materials can be shared (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapted (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) with specifying the author(s). |
Algebra Tutorials!
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Author Message
- sca2 -
Registered: 30.04.2002
From: Hong Kong
Posted: Thursday 28th of Dec 07:47 I think God must have been in a really bad mood decided to come up with something called algebra to trouble us! I’ve spent days trying to figure out a solution to this algebra problem which relates to algebrator free download and I still can’t crack it . I’m particularly having problems with distance of points, least common measure and interval notation. Can anyone show me the way on how to go about solving such problems? I’ve tried all ways that I could think of, but none helped. I need some urgent help now. Anybody?
kfir
Registered: 07.05.2006
From: egypt
Posted: Saturday 30th of Dec 09:04 Due to health reasons you might have missed a few lectures at school, but what if I can you can have your own little classroom , in the place where you live? In fact, right on the computer that you are working on? All of us have missed some lectures at some point or the other during our life, but thanks to Algebrator I’ve never been left behind . Just like a teacher would explain in the class, Algebrator solves our problems and gives us a detailed description of how it was answered. I used it basically to get some help on algebrator free download and inverse matrices. But it works well for just about everything you can think of .
Registered: 03.07.2001
From:
Posted: Sunday 31st of Dec 10:52 Algebrator has guided students all over the world . It is a very wise piece of software and I would recommend it to every student who has problems with their homework.
Troigonis
Registered: 22.04.2002
From: Kvlt of Ø
Posted: Tuesday 02nd of Jan 09:03 I remember having often faced difficulties with linear equations, greatest common factor and reducing fractions. A truly great piece of math program is Algebrator software. By simply typing in a problem homework a step by step solution would appear by a click on Solve. I have used it through many algebra classes – College Algebra, Intermediate algebra and Pre Algebra. I greatly recommend the program.
curtin3xpocit
Registered: 10.08.2002
From: Chicago, IL
Posted: Wednesday 03rd of Jan 07:09 This is most fascinating . Can you suggest from where can I purchase the program?
DVH
Registered: 20.12.2001
From:
Posted: Thursday 04th of Jan 11:03 Sure, here it is: https://algebra-calculator.com/scientific-notation.html. Good Luck with your exams. Oh, and one more thing, this company is also offering unrestricted money back guarantee, that just goes to show how sure they are about their product. I’m sure that you’ll love it . Cheers. |
from functools import cache
# from timeit import timeit
# @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
# def trib_lru(n):
# if n < 2:
# return 0
# if n == 2:
# return 1
# return trib_lru(n - 1) + trib_lru(n - 2) + trib_lru(n - 3)
@cache
def trib_cache(n):
# if n < 0:
# return None # incorrect input
if n == 0 or n == 1:
return 0
elif n == 2:
return 1
# if n < 0:
# return None # invalid input
#
# if n < 2:
# return 0
#
# if n == 2:
# return 1
return trib_cache(n - 1) + trib_cache(n - 2) + trib_cache(n - 3)
def eating_cookies(n):
if n < 0:
return None # invalid input
if n < 2:
return 1
if n == 2:
return 2
return trib_cache(n + 2)
# def test_trib(n):
# lru_time = timeit(f"trib_lru({n})", globals=globals(), number=1)
# # lru_time = 100
# cache_time = timeit(f"trib_cache({n})", globals=globals(), number=1)
# print(f"n={n} lru_time={lru_time}, cache_time={cache_time} — take 1: winner= {'lru' if lru_time < cache_time else 'cache'}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
num_cookies = 5
print(f"There are {eating_cookies(num_cookies)} ways for Cookie Monster to each {num_cookies} cookies")
# test_trib(60)
# print(trib_cache.cache_info())
|
Students in Valencia live with Spanish host families that have been hosting students for 25 years. Food and laundry are provided, and students may be housed with one or two other students. English is not spoken in the home, greatly contributing to an improvement in language skills throughout the experience.
Several weekend excursions are incorporated into the semester. Students visit the beaches of Peñíscola as well as the Roman town of Sagunto. These excursions are included in the program fees; however, students may choose to take additional trips, which can be very convenient and affordable. Students can hop on the train and visit other cities in Spain or find inexpensive airfare and visit neighboring European cities during breaks or long weekends.
One of the most important things to remember while you are in Spain is that Spain is different than the United States. When you start making comparisons, you begin to get homesick and focus on what you miss. There are some things to keep in mind as you prepare to go to Valencia. First, you will be walking a lot. Make sure you have comfortable shoes and plan on spending a lot of time walking from place to place. The food is different. Count on seafood and vegetables and try everything. People dress up in Spain, so you will find that the clothing is quite different. Valencia is a diverse city with people representing many different countries so get out there, meet new people, and learn new things!
Intercambios are a great way to make Spanish friends and practice your language skills. There are many Spanish students looking for Americans to practice their English with and opportunities will be provided for you to meet them, practice, and make new friends. Many students leave Spain with an “intercambio” as a new lifelong friend.
- How can I get exercise?
- You will be walking a lot! Aside from that however, there are parks and paths where you can run throughout Valencia, and it is also possible to join a gym for the time that you are there.
- What is the food like?
- Delicious! Remember you are living in a coastal city, so you will see a lot of seafood. Lots of fruits and vegetables, fresh bread with every meal, and, of course, you’ll find your fair share of chicken and rice and potatoes as well.
- What if I get sick?
- High-quality medical care is available, and student insurance is also included.
- Will I get a phone?
- Yes, you will be provided with a cellphone upon arrival. It will come with 10-12 euros on it, and it will be your responsibility to keep it charged after that money runs out. |
Maryland Robotics Student Seminar: Instant Segmentation of Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay
Friday, October 23, 2020
Online presentation. Registration required
Instant Segmentation of Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay
Postdoctoral Researcher, Institute for Systems Research
Advisor: Dr. Miao Yu, Dr. Yiannis Aloimonos, Dr. Yang Tao
Oysters are an essential species in the Chesapeake Bay living ecosystem. Oysters are filter feeders and are considered the vacuum cleaners of the Chesapeake Bay that can considerably improve the water quality. Recent advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence have opened new opportunities in the domain of aquaculture. Drone-like ROVs with high maneuverability are getting more affordable and, if equipped with proper sensory devices, can be used for detection and segmentation of oysters and generation of oyster size and frequency maps subsequently. We present our efforts for videography of the Chesapeake bay bottom using an ROV to construct an oyster database and for the implementation of Mask R-CNN used in the detection and segmentation of oysters.
About the Robotics Student Seminars
The Robotics Student Seminars at the University of Maryland College Park are a student-run series of talks given by current robotics students.
The purpose of these talks is to:
- Encourage interaction between Robotics students from different subfields;
- Provide an opportunity for Robotics students to be aware of and possibly get involved in the research their peers are conducting;
- Provide an opportunity for Robotics students to receive feedback on their current research;
- Provide speaking opportunities for Robotics students.
Contact: Lena Johnson, [email protected] |
My toddler likes “Blue Cookies” (so called because they’re fluorescent blue and likely have nothing remotely natural in them). And, she prefers them over my homemade peanut butter cookies (Seriously. Does she realize I used the blender for the first time, like, ever?).
Sometimes getting your kids to eat healthy food seems like an epic battle. Many times, it’s just not worth the fight — but sometimes, it is. While letting your child eat Blue Cookies (or their equivalent) every once in a while won’t cause her to grow an extra ear or make you #World’sWorstMom, some ingredients are worse than others. Here are three worth the effort to minimize in your children’s diet — and your own.
1. Added Sugar — in any form. (High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS), Corn Sugar, anything ending in “-ose“)
Even though HFCS gets all the attention, our bodies metabolize all sugars similarly, causing blood sugar swings, obesity, diabetes, and even fatty liver disease. Unfortunately, sugar is all over processed foods — from breakfast cereals (some of which have three types of sugar in the top five ingredients and can be as high as 50 percent sugar by weight), to applesauce and yogurt, so you can inadvertently serve a whopping serving of sugar when you think you’re providing a nourishing snack.
What to do: If HFCS, corn sugar, corn extract, or anything ending in -ose (such as fructose or sucrose) are in the top five ingredients, then the food is a dessert/treat, rather than a healthy meal.
2. Trans fats and Partially Hydrogenated Oils
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), trans fats are “no longer generally recognized as safe.” (Yes, that creeped me out too). Partially Hydrogenated Oils (PHOs) are the main source of trans fats and increase the likelihood of diabetes, obesity and even plaque in arteries as early as the teenage years. There’s even some suggestion that trans fats may affect immunity, increasing the risk of allergies and asthma. With that, the FDA decided that PHOs should be removed from foods altogether — but not until 2018, and with a labeling loophole. You may THINK that you’re avoiding this additive by only buying foods that say “Trans Fat Free” — but the loophole means products can still bear that label, even if they have up to 0.5g of trans fats per serving.
What to do: The FDA ban on trans fats isn’t effective until 2018. Until then, check the labels. If it says trans fats or “partially hydrogenated oils” don’t bite (and don’t let your kids). Look for trans fats in baked goods, snack foods, stick margarine, coffee creamer, and frostings.
3. Bisphenol A (BPA)
While BPA isn’t actually a food ingredient, it’s used in many food containers, meaning it leaches into the food inside. The FDA’s National Toxicology Program expressed “some concern about the potential effects of BPA on the brain, behavior and prostate gland in fetuses, infants and young children.” (Yes. Their actual words). In addition, BPA exposure in children may be linked to cancer as well as obesity and metabolic diseases through a phenomenon known as “metabolic programming.” BPA exposure in utero has been linked to possible increased risks of asthma and behavioral problems. These health concerns have been ongoing — but this chemical compound continues to be used in a wide variety of food storage containers.
What to do:
- Don’t microwave food in plastic food containers — stick to glass when possible. You can purchase BPA-free containers, but research suggests that these plastics may have similar effects to BPA.
- Don’t store foods in “to-go” or takeout containers. Transfer leftovers to glass, porcelain, or stainless steel.
- Opt for fresh or frozen foods over canned goods when possible, since BPA is still present in the lining of cans.
Being a mom is tough — so much to track when you just want to keep your family safe. If you can minimize these three items, you’ll be doing just that.
But no matter what, your child will probably still want that blue cookie. |
By ARIELLE YEN
A mission statement is made up of goals that you want to achieve, what you will do to achieve them and/or personal beliefs you think will help you achieve them. These goals should be personally important to you.
Writing a mission statement will help you fulfil Covey’s second habit “Beginning with the End in Mind”, as you are thinking about things you want to achieve in the future.
Building a personal mission statement is really useful because it helps you stay focused. Mission statements help you pinpoint the most important things.
Think of it as a very simple, straightforward map – one that is much easier to read than a map full of winding roads and unclear labels.
Many successful CEOs (chief executive officers) have come up with personal mission statements to determine how exactly they want to make an impact.
They can be short and succinct; Sir Richard Branson’s (founder of Virgin Group) reads:
“To have fun in [my] journey through life and learn from [my] mistakes.”
With these steps, you can write your own too:
1. What are your previous successes?
First you want to identify things you have succeeded in the past. This could be from getting really good marks at school or learning how to ride a bike.
Think about how you were able to achieve these goals. Were there any patterns, like working towards the goal regularly (studying or practising every day)? These are things you might want to apply when reaching your newly-set goals. It should be something that works well for you.
2. What are your values?
These are principles or attributes you strongly believe in. You usually strongly prioritise your values over other aspects in your life.
If you value the importance of school, you might sacrifice going out with your friends in order to stay home and study. If you value being hardworking or compassionate, then your goals should align with these attributes (e.g. studying every day for three hours, or helping senior citizens).
Deciding what your values are will help you set goals that support these values.
3. What do you want to contribute, and to whom?
Oprah Winfrey, famous talk show host, lists, as her mission statement:
“To be a teacher. And to be known for inspiring my students to be more than they thought they could be.”
Winfrey’s initial success came from her emergence as a talk show host and TV producer. However, she decided that she wanted to be successful by contributing more than what she was already offering. Winfrey’s goals?
She wants to instill learning and self-belief in her ‘students’ – everyone who looks up to her and feels inspired by her words. In this way, her mission statement contributes towards the learning of those who consider themselves followers of Winfrey’s teachings.
4. What are your goals?
Now you can start thinking about what it is you want to be, or do. These can be short- or long-term goals. Advisably, the short-term goals should help you achieve your long-term goals.
Do you want to be a leader? If this is your long-term goal, think about short-term goals that might help you get there. This could be running for student council, or taking on a leadership position at a camp or an activity.
5. Write your mission statement!
You’re ready to write your mission statement now! You can work with a friend, a group for a certain project, a family, a class, or by yourself.
List everything from the previous steps down to guide you if you wish. Your mission statement should not be more than a few lines. It’s all about being direct! |
अमेरिका में अश्वेत शख्स जॉर्ज फ्लॉयड की पुलिस कस्टडी में हुये मौत के बाद पिछले छह दिनों से लगातार प्रदर्शन जारी है। रविवार को भी बड़ी संख्या में प्रदर्शनकारी अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रंप के निवास व्हाइट हाउस के सामने इकट्ठा हो गए। पुलिस ने यहां मौजूद करीब १००० प्रदर्शनकारियों को तितर-बितर करने के लिये आंसू गैस के गोल छोड़े।
इसके बाद भीड़ भी एक्शन में आ गई। प्रदर्शनकारियों ने बैरिकेड तोड़ दिये और फायरिंग तक शुरू कर दी। इतना ही नहीं कुछ लोगों ने अमेरिका का झंडा तक जला दिया तो कुछ लोगों ने पेड़ की शाखाओं को तोड़ अपने गुस्से का इजहार किया। आसपास मौजूद वॉशरूम और मेंटिनेंस ऑफिस में आग भी लगा दी गई।
बताया जा रहा है कि बीते शुक्रवार को बड़ी संख्या में प्रदर्शनकारी व्हाइट हाउस के बाद बाहर इकठ्ठा हो गए जिसके बाद राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रंप (डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प) को सुरक्षा के मद्देनज़र बंकर में ले जाया गया। मीडिया में आई जानकारी के मुताबिक प्रदर्शनकारियों की भीड़ अचानक आ जाने से व्हाइट हाउस में भगदड़ मच गयी जिसके बाद ट्रंप को भी बंकर में छुपाना पड़ा था।
न्यूयॉर्क टाइम्स में छपी एक खबर के मुताबिक व्हाइट हाउस के बाहर स्थिति संभालने तक ट्रंप को बंकर में रखना पड़ा। ट्रंप करीब १ घंटे से ज्यादा वक़्त तक बंकर में रहे थे। हालांकि ये स्पष्ट है कि फर्स्ट लेडी मेलेनिया ट्रंप और बैरॉन ट्रंप को बंकर में ले जाया गया था या नहीं। सुरक्षा प्रोटोकॉल के तहत राष्ट्रपति के पूरे परिवार को ऐसी स्थिति में बंकर में शिफ्ट कर दिया जाता है। हालांकि ट्रंप ने देश में जारी प्रदर्शनों से निपटने के लिए नेशनल गार्ड और सीक्रेट सर्विस की काफी तारीफ की है।
बता दे यहां अश्वेत शख्स जॉर्ज फ्लॉयड की एक पुलिस ऑफिसर के उसके गले पर घुटना रखने के बाद दम घुटने से मौत होने पर लगातार नस्लभेद और अश्वेतों पर पुलिस की ओर से की जाने वाली बर्बरता पर बड़े स्तर पर प्रदर्शन हो रहे हैं। |
# Heat Transfer MCQ’s – Von- Karmal Equation
1 - Question
Glycerin at 10 degree Celsius flows past a flat plate at 20 m/s. Workout the velocity components at a point P(x, y) in the fluid flow where x = 2 m from the leading edge of the plate y = 5 cm from the plate surface For glycerin at 10 degree Celsius, kinematic viscosity = 2.79 * 10 -3 m2/s
a) 15.92 m/s and 0.0952 m/s
b) 16.92 m/s and 0.0952 m/s
c) 17.92 m/s and 0.0752 m/s
d) 18.92 m/s and 0.0752 m/s
Explanation: u/U INFINITY = 0L.846 and v/U INFINITY (Re) ½ = 0.57.
2 - Question
A plate 0.3 m long is placed at zero angle of incidence in a stream of 15 degree Celsius water moving at 1 m/s. Find out the stream wise velocity component at the mid-point of the boundary layer. For water at 15 degree Celsius p = 998.9 kg /m3 µ = 415.85 * 10 -2 kg/hr m
a) 0.736 m/s
b) 0.636 m/s
c) 0.536 m/s
d) 0.436 m/s
Explanation: n = y (U INFINITY/v x) ½ = 2.5.
3 - Question
Air at 25 degree Celsius flows over a flat surface with a sharp leading edge at 1.5 m/s. Find the boundary layer thickness at 0.5 from the leading edge. For air at 25 degree Celsius, kinematic viscosity = 15.53* 10n -6 m2/s
a) 4.1376 cm
b) 3.1376 cm
c) 2.1376 cm
d) 1.1376 cm
Explanation: δ = 5 x/ (Re) ½ = 1.1376 m.
4 - Question
Local skin friction coefficient is given by
a) 0.646/ (Re) 1/2
b) 1.646/ (Re) 1/2
c) 2.646/ (Re) 1/2
d) 3.646/ (Re) 1/2
Explanation: It should be 0.646/ (Re) ½.
5 - Question
A plate 0.3 m long is placed at zero angle of incidence in a stream of 15 degree Celsius water moving at 1 m/s. Find out the maximum boundary layer thickness. For water at 15 degree Celsius. For water at 15 degree Celsius p = 998.9 kg /m3 µ = 415.85 * 10 -2 kg/hr m
a) 4.945 m
b) 3.945 m
c) 2.945 m
d) 1.945 m
Explanation: Re = l p U INFINITY/µ.
6 - Question
Shear stress at the middle of the plate is given by
a) T W = 0.964 p U INFINITY 2/2 (Re) 1/2
b) T W = 0.864 p U INFINITY 2/2 (Re) 1/2
c) T W = 0.764 p U INFINITY 2/2 (Re) 1/2
d) T W = 0.664 p U INFINITY 2/2 (Re) 1/2.
Explanation: T W = 3 µ U INFINITY/2 δ = 0.664 p U INFINITY 2/2 (Re) ½.
7 - Question
Boundary layer thickness is given by
a) δ = 5.64 x/ (Re) ½
b) δ = 5.64 x/ (Re) ½
c) δ = 6.64 x/ (Re) ½
d) δ = 7.74 x/ (Re) ½
Explanation: δ/x = (140 * 2/13) ½ (µ/x p U INFINITY) ½.
8 - Question
Air at 25 degree Celsius flows over a flat surface with a sharp leading edge at 1.5 m/s. Find the value of Reynolds number. For air at 25 degree Celsius, kinematic viscosity = 15.53* 10n -6 m2/s
a) 38694
b) 12846
c) 48294
d) 76386
Explanation: Re = x U INFINITY/v = 48294.
9 - Question
A plate 0.3 m long is placed at zero angle of incidence in a stream of 15 degree Celsius water moving at 1 m/s. Find out the maximum value of the normal component of velocity at thr trailing edge of the plate. For water at 15 degree Celsius p = 998.9 kg /m3 µ = 415.85 * 10 -2 kg/hr m
a) 1.6885 * 10 -2 m/s
b) 1.6885 * 10 -3 m/s
c) 1.6885 * 10 -4 m/s
d) 1.6885 * 10 -5 m/s |
Here is my first paper on the topic
This gets very deep however and there is an entire cosmology which I have prepared for scientists and thinkers to go further.
as well as the facebook page.https://www.facebook.com/pg/Biblicalhistoricalscience/about/?ref=page_internal
And for non-readers here is my youtube class where I teach the entirety of the subject.
These are basic Facts and scientific observations which illustrate this conclusion.
1. universal connection
a. rotating galaxies
"Physicists and astronomers have long believed that the universe has mirror symmetry, like a basketball. But recent findings from the University of Michigan suggest that the shape of the Big Bang might be more complicated than previously thought, and that the early universe spun on an axis.
To test for the assumed mirror symmetry, physics professor Michael Longo and a team of five undergraduates catalogued the rotation direction of tens of thousands of spiral galaxies photographed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.The mirror image of a counter-clockwise rotating galaxy would have clockwise rotation. More of one type than the other would be evidence for a breakdown of symmetry, or, in physics speak, a parity violation on cosmic scales, Longo said.The researchers found evidence that galaxies tend to rotate in a preferred direction. They uncovered an excess of left-handed, or counter-clockwise rotating, spirals in the part of the sky toward the north pole of the Milky Way. The effect extended beyond 600 million light years away."The excess is small, about 7 percent, but the chance that it could be a cosmic accident is something like one in a million," Longo said. "These results are extremely important because they appear to contradict the almost universally accepted notion that on sufficiently large scales the universe is isotropic, with no special direction.""http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2011/07/-is-the-universe-spinning-new-research-says-yes.html
"On the face of it, the claim of a spin axis would seem anti-Copernican. In other words, the universe has a preferred axis, which means there is indeed a special direction in space."
"What is very curious to me is that the Milky Way’s own spin axis roughly aligns to the universe’s purported spin axis within just a few degrees, as deduced from the two galaxy surveys. That seems very anti-Copernican too. It has also been used to bolster biblical creationist arguments that we are at the “center” of the universe.
Invoking a familiar phrase from Carl Sagan, one cosmologist reminded me that: “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.”
b. ether detection
"Actually, it is interesting to point out that Sagnac interpreted these results in support of the ether theory against the Special Theory of Relativity (SRT), since he wrote that
“[...] the observed interference effect turns out to be the optical
vortex effect due to the motion of the system with respect to the ether [...]”
. As a matter of fact, during the following years and also more recently (see e.g. the review and the other papers on the subject in the monograph ), many
authors interpreted this effect as a conundrum in the SRT when it is applied to rotating reference frames;" https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.6341.pdf
"In 1905 I was of the opinion that it was no longer allowed to speak of the ether in physics, this opinion however was too radical, as we will see later when we discuss the general theory of relativity it does remain allowed as always to introduce a medium filling all space and to assume that the electromagnetic fields (and matter as well) are its states... once again "empty space" appears as endowed with physical properties i.e., no longer as physically empty as seemed to be the case according to special relativity. One can thus say that the ether is resurrected in the general theory of relativity... since in the new theory, metric facts can no longer be separated from "true" physical facts, the concepts of "space" and ether merge together." Albert Einstein "Grundgedanken and methoden der Relativita'tstheorie in ihrer Entwicklung dargestellt,"Morgan manuscript, EA70, as cited in Ludwig Kostro, Einstein and the Ether, Aperion, 2000, p.2
c. electric connection
" A plasma is a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately
2. universal shift
"George F. Dodwell served as the government astronomer for South Austrailia from 1909 to 1952. In the mid-1930's, he became interested in past changes in the tilt of the earth's axis. He collected almost 100 astronomical measurements made over a 4,000-year period. Those measurements show that the tilt of the earth's axis smoothly decayed from 25* 10' to it's present 23*27'. Based on the shape of the decay curve, Dodwell estimated that this axis shift began began in about the year2345B.C. "The gravitational forces of the sun and moon and planets do change the tilt of the earth's axis, but much more slowly than those Dodwell measured. An extraterrestrial body striking the earth would provide an abrupt change in axis orientation, not the smooth changes Dodwell measured. Also only a massive and fast asteroid striking the earth at a favorable angle would tilt the axis this much. However the resulting pressure pulse would pass through the entire atmosphere and quickly kill most air-breathing animals- a recent extinction without evidence." Dr.Walt Brown In the Beginning: Compelling evidence for creation and the Flood pg 116 Barry Setterfield, "An investigation That Led to Unexpected Results by the Late Mr. G. F. Dodwell, B. A., F.R.A.S South Australian Government Astronomer,1909-1952," Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of South Australia, September 1967.
"Our galaxy seems to be more milkshake than Milky Way, opening up a fresh cosmic mystery. A three-dimensional map of the speeds and distances of thousands of stars suggests that they are all shaken up and that the galaxy is undulating up and down, but no one knows why." "It is possible the wave is a lingering effect from a galaxy that smashed into ours in the past. Or it could be actively produced as two satellite galaxies, called the Magellanic Clouds, spiral around the Milky Way and distort its disc." "Previous work examined the vertical distribution of stars in our corner of the galaxy and saw compressed layers that hinted at a wave moving through the disc. Now Mary Williams at the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam in Germany and her colleagues have examined recently released data from the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) survey to create the first 3D map of stellar motion in our galactic neighbourhood. . RAVE covers almost half a million stars spanning 6500 light years in all directions. The team focused on a category of stars called red clump giants, which have about the same brightness and so are easier to compare when calculating their relative speed and distance from us. They then combined the RAVE data on horizontal motion with other readings of how the stars move up and down. What they found is that stars closer to the centre of the galaxy are spreading outwards above and below the plane while stars further from the centre are squashing inwards. The motions of individual stars within these zones are chaotic, with some sloshing around in odd directions. But if we could see the overall pattern from the outside, our section of the galactic disc would resemble a flag rippling in the breeze." Then the various scenarios can be tested by refining our galactic simulations and comparing them with observations of the wave and any possible culprits, says Ralph Sutherland, also at the Australian National University in Canberra. “They’ve really thrown down the gauntlet to the theorists and modellers,” he says." “If there are no external impacts on the disc, what you’d expect is a steady state: things would be going around and around – but there shouldn’t be up-and-down motion. That’s hard to induce,” says Kenneth Freeman at the Australian National University in Canberra."https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24464-milky-way-galaxy-is-fluttering-like-a-flag/
So in Summary...
The universe is in a state of spin, it has a definite direction which hints to an order hinting to a design. Space has a substance which Newton and Einstein acknowledge as ether the medium through
which light travels. 99% of the observed universe is plasma and therefore electric. electric force is 10 tot the 36th power greater than gravity so we know that our universe is interconnected.The universe is also in a state of shifting but this shifting start around the time of the Biblical flood. If the universal shift had a starting point what started it? Obviously the shift unlike the spin is not natural and it would start a catastrophe.
This could be evidence for the fall of lucifer!
Now this article is basically written in big bang language with big bang(BBT) assumptions. I have debunked BBT see https://youtu.be/IDhA7w8Fwdw…
New years cosmology(NYC) argues that like BBT there was an intergalactic catastrophe when the universe started an annual shift.
The article makes statements confirming this.
""Reticulum II has more stars bright enough for chemical studies than any other ultra-faint dwarf galaxy found so far," Simon explained.
Such ultra-faint galaxies are relics from the era when the universe's first stars were born. They orbit our own Milky Way galaxy and their chemical simplicity can help astronomers understand the history of stellar processes dating back to the ancient universe, including element formation."
Now in reticulum II we see a small galaxy and they are measuring the neutrons and elements. They assume this was because of fusion forming stars in the big bang
But NYC agrees with electric universe(EU) theory that fusion is not the process by which stars operate but electromagnetic energy permeating through the ether. So the neutrons from stars are actually burning on the edge of the stars electric shell.
Never the less the electric burnout points to a catastrophe.
".Surprisingly, the team found that seven of Reticulum II's nine brightest stars contained far more elements produced by rapid neutron captures than have been detected in any other dwarf galaxy.
"These stars have up to a thousand times more neutron capture elements than any other stars observed in similar galaxies," said lead author Alexander Ji of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology."
Get ready for it....
"However, finding so many more heavy elements in one dwarf galaxy than had ever been seen before in others proves that the source of Reticulum II's neutron capture elements must have been a rare event—much less common than an ordinary supernova. What's more, the sheer amount of these neutron capture elements in Reticulum II far exceeds what most supernovae can even make."
Thats right an inter galactic catastrophe!
"Old stars in the Milky Way show a pattern of neutron capture elements similar to that found in Reticulum II. This indicates that the process of making neutron capture elements in larger galaxies is likely the same as it is in dwarf galaxies, suggesting that even the heavy elements on Earth originated in neutron star mergers."
Thats right an intergalactic catastrophe involving the earth!!!!!
THIS IS EVIDENCE FOR THE FALL OF LUCIFER!!
""Because this galaxy is so small, it preserves evidence of ancient rare events incredibly cleanly," said Simon. "We're lucky to have found such an important galaxy so close to us."
YOU GOT THAT RIGHT!
We have observed the remains of intergalactic catastrophes. These point to an incredible catastrophic event that happened where there earth is. As earlier noted we observed a starting point to where an intergalactic catastrophe should originate.
4. Polaris shiftedhttps://tse4.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.7O_53riTAZQkWsWPvEsQwQCoEs&pid=15.1
A. ancient astrological record
"Historically, the celestial pole was close to Thuban around 2750 BCE, "
" In 3000 BC, the faint star Thuban in the constellation Draco was the North Star. At magnitude 3.67 (fourth magnitude) it is only one-fifth as bright as Polaris, and today it is invisible in light-polluted urban skies."
"When these constellations were formed the dragon possessed this important point, and the star 'a', in Draco, marked this central point. But by it's gradual recession, that point is recubba, in the lesser sheep fold for it to be what is called 'The Polar Star.'" The Witness of the Stars page 153
Before the flood we have no axial tilt. after the flood the axial tilt which effects our seasons begins. The shifting of polaris and draco occurs in sequence with the flood. If there were n intergalactic catastrophe as we have evidence of then this would have contributed to the shifting of Polaris.
Job 26:7 He stretcheth out the north over the empty place,
and hangeth the earth upon nothing.
8 He bindeth up the waters in his thick clouds;
and the cloud is not rent under them.
9 He holdeth back the face of his throne,
and spreadeth his cloud upon it."13 By his spirit he hath garnished the heavens;
his hand hath formed the crooked serpent.
Revelation 12:3 And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads. 4 And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth."
Ezekiel 28:14 Thou art the anointed cherub that covereth; and I have set thee so:
thou wast upon the holy mountain of God;
thou hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire.
15 Thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day that thou wast created,
till iniquity was found in thee.
16 By the multitude of thy merchandise
they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned:
therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God:
and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub,
from the midst of the stones of fire."
When we consider the christian zodiac the fall of Lucifer makes sense conferring with these classic passages. The stars have an intelligent design and the intergalactic catastrophe is in harmony with biblical typology.
5 .Polaris contains white dwarf star aka pulsar
The North Star it is a “pulsing” star, a Cepheid variable, which appears to vary in brightness ever so slightly – only one tenth of a magnitude – over a time frame of just under four days.
If you have a small
In 1929, by studying the spectrum of Polaris, a third companion star (Polaris C) was discovered. This one, a white dwarf, lies only 18.5 a.u. from Polaris A (about the same distance of the planet Uranus from our sun). Its extreme closeness to the far more brilliant Polaris A explains why it went unseen for so long." Polaris Physical Facts http://www.space.com/15567-north-star-polaris.html"A Cepheid variable (// or //) is a type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature and producing changes in brightness with a well-defined stable period and amplitude."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable
"A pulsar (from pulse and -ar as in quasar) is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star or white dwarf, that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation can be observed only when the beam of emission is pointing toward Earth (much the way a lighthouse can be seen only when the light is pointed in the direction of an observer), and is responsible for the pulsed appearance of emission."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsar
Polaris has a white dwarf pulsar perfectly capable and in perfect position to strike the earth. It is one thing to claim that types were made off of the design of constellations. But when we discover that polaris was capable of a matching event even though the ancients had no astronomical knowledge of the dwarf star then they must have observed it.
6.Gamma Ray BursterMost observed GRBs are believed to consist of a narrow beam of intense radiation released during a supernova or hypernova as a rapidly rotating, high-mass star collapses to form a neutron star, quark star, or black hole. A subclass of GRBs (the "short" bursts) appear to originate from a different process - this may be due to the merger of binary neutron stars. The cause of the precursor burst observed in some of these short events may be due to the development of a resonance between the crust and core of such stars as a result of the massive tidal forces experienced in the seconds leading up to their collision, causing the entire crust of the star to shatter.
The sources of most GRBs are billions of light years away from Earth, implying that the explosions are both extremely energetic (a typical burst releases as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun will in its entire 10-billion-year lifetime) and extremely rare (a few per galaxy per million years). All observed GRBs have originated from outside the Milky Way galaxy, although a related class of phenomena, soft gamma repeater flares, are associated with magnetars within the Milky Way. It has been hypothesized that a gamma-ray burst in the Milky Way, pointing directly towards the Earth, could cause a mass extinction event."
A gamma ray burster would easily be capable of causing an event which could destroy the earth. but how could the ancients have known this, unless it really happened??
6. mythological archetypesThe thunderbolts project has developed a very dynamic study in it's "Discourses on an alien sky."
Now we should distinguish that David Talbot is going to argue for a planetary configuration to stage this event. While the "fall of Lucifer" will be focusing on a gamma ray burster from Polaris.
"visualizing the polar configuration"
So basically the worldwide arrangement of myths points to n event in the polar regions.
\In the myth of the Bull of heaven we see an image that could identify with a gamma ray burster hitting the canopy of earth's atmosphere.
14 The world mountain
The ice canopy would avalanche forming the polar ice caps and thus a mountain of God melting into an ice age.
28 The great comet venus
all show myths which may illustrate testimony of the fall off lucifer. Lucifer was a name understood to refer to the mythological venus. As we trace the myths of venus we find that it is like an anomaly hitting the north pole. They assume that this was a comet but it is obvious to me as the "fall of lucifer"
Thus we have the testimony of the ancients in line with observations of the universe.
7 Subterranean watersScientists scanning the deep interior of Earth have found evidence of a vast water reservoir beneath eastern Asia that is at least the volume of the Arctic Ocean.
The discovery marks the first time such a large body of water has found in the planet's deep mantle. [The World's Biggest Oceans and Seas]
The finding, made by Michael Wysession, a seismologist at Washington University in St. Louis, and his former graduate student Jesse Lawrence, now at the University of California, San Diego, will be detailed in a forthcoming monograph to be published by the American Geophysical Union.
Looking down deep
The pair analyzed more than 600,000 seismograms — records of waves generated by earthquakes traveling through the Earth—collected from instruments scattered around the planet. [Image Gallery: This Millennium's Destructive Earthquakes]
They noticed a region beneath Asia where seismic waves appeared to dampen, or "attenuate," and also slow down slightly. "Water slows the speed of waves a little," Wysession explained. "Lots of damping and a little slowing match the predictions for water very well."
Previous predictions calculated that if a cold slab of the ocean floor were to sink thousands of miles into the Earth's mantle, the hot temperatures would cause water stored inside the rock to evaporate out.
"That is exactly what we show here," Wysession said. "Water inside the rock goes down with the sinking slab and it's quite cold, but it heats up the deeper it goes, and the rock eventually becomes unstable and loses its water."
The water then rises up into the overlying region, which becomes saturated with water [image]. "It would still look like solid rock to you,” Wysession told LiveScience. "You would have to put it in the lab to find the water in it."
Although they appear solid, the composition of some ocean floor rocks is up to 15 percent water. "The water molecules are actually stuck in the mineral structure of the rock," Wysession explained. "As you heat this up, it eventually dehydrates. It's like taking clay and firing it to get all the water out."http://www.livescience.com/1312-huge-ocean-discovered-earth.html
These underground oceans are the perfect catalyst for the flood. A gamma ray burster could heat them until they exploded. in ancient OT symbolism Hell was symbolized as the sea and specifically the great deep/subterranean waters. A gamma ray burst drawn in by the earth electromagnetic poles could boil these waters causing a massive explosion and bring out a flood.
8. chalk beds"This coincided with the break up of the supercontinent Pangea, which broke apart to form the continents of today. As continents move apart, an ocean forms between them, and new ocean-floor is added along the line of spreading (known as the mid-ocean ridge) by magma which rises from below. As the continents moved apart in the Cretaceous, a very high volume of magma rose up to form the new ocean-floor in what is known as a superplume event. The mid-ocean ridges became swollen, and large volumes of magma spilled out elsewhere onto the ocean floor, displacing water onto the continents (causing sea-level to rise). The volcanic activity also produced greenhouse gases which raised temperatures, prevented ice from forming at the poles and hence kept sea levels high. Chalks formed in the sea-ways of the flooded Cretaceous continents."http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/chalk_formation_fossils.htm
So now even with the plate tectonic theory it is obvious that there is a connection between the chalk beds and the oceanic ridge. Of course the tectonic theory is a bit incredible with a slow uniformitarian progression regarding. To be blunt, it is easier to shove megatons of stone with an explosion than with a wheel barrel. How does volcanic magma stack the chalk above sea level?
"If limestone formed organically in shallow seas (the prevailing view), why would the seafloor slowly subside almost 6 miles to allow these accumulations? Subsidence rates would have to be just right during the millions of years needed for organisms to grow and accumulate to such depths. Besides, the seafloor cannot subside unless the rock below it gets out of the way. That rock would have nowhere to go."http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/Limestone3.html#wp2482394
The ocean testifies to an explosive event which would be caused by the GRB hitting the subterranean waters.
The fountains of the great deep exploding would also escape earth's atmosphere. The new Van Allen belt could easily be an effect from such an event..
More evidence points to us of God's judgment.
Romans 6:23 For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. |
"""
CP1404/CP5632 Practical
Testing demo using assert and doctest
"""
import doctest
from car import Car
def repeat_string(s, n):
"""Repeat string s, n times, with spaces in between."""
return " ".join([s for i in range(0, n)])
def is_long_word(word, length=5):
"""
Determine if the word is as long or longer than the length passed in
>>> is_long_word("not")
False
>>> is_long_word("supercalifrag")
True
>>> is_long_word("Python", 6)
True
"""
return len(word) >= length
def run_tests():
"""Run the tests on the functions."""
assert repeat_string("Python", 1) == "Python"
assert repeat_string("hi", 2) == "hi hi"
test_car = Car()
assert test_car.odometer == 0, "Car does not set odometer correctly"
assert test_car.fuel == 0, "Car does not set fuel correctly"
test_car = Car(fuel=10)
assert test_car.fuel == 10, "Car does not set fuel correctly"
run_tests()
doctest.testmod()
def format_sentence(phrase):
phrase = phrase.split()
phrase [0] = phrase[0].title()
if len(phrase) > 1:
count = 0
for i in range(0, len(phrase)-1):
count += 1
phrase.insert(i+count, " ")
phrase.append(".")
return "".join(phrase)
assert format_sentence("hello") == "Hello."
assert format_sentence("It is an ex parrot") == "It is an ex parrot."
assert format_sentence("New Playstation is coming") == "New Playstation is coming."
|
Music Centers Kit 1
Complete class sets of colorful, eye-catching and exciting gameboards developed to teach dynamics, tempo, note names and symbols. Students love this unique, hands-on and engaging approach to teaching music theory. This kit also includes many reproducible worksheets, assessments and activities as an added bonus. Gameboards can be enjoyed by beginners and advanced students. This kit includes four different games (4 of each game board) plus reproducible activities - enough for 6 or more centers and everyone in your class can play!
Why use centers in the music room? Learning centers are typically set up in a classroom to encourage children to make choices. As they work in the centers they learn to work independently as well as cooperatively. Behaviors are getting more difficult to manage every year. If you use centers and have one or two students not behaving appropriately, this is a time when you can intervene and have them work one on one with you, or you can give them a written task instead of letting them play the games at the centers. I found with the grade 5 classes I worked with that the level of engagement was really high, and students were almost all on task.
Learning centers allow the teacher to address children’s individual learning styles. They are designed to assist students in developing independence, learning through self-discovery and are also a chance for the teacher to target specific academic skills. In the grade 5 class that I worked with, there were several students with very low academic abilities, and the students that they were grouped with were very helpful and empathetic to their needs.
One of the best reasons to use centers in the music room, is to give the teacher the opportunity to assess individual performance skills while the other students in the class are engaged in meaningful play.
In the printed product:
- Printed Book
In the download edition:
- Digital Book PDF
Why Use Music Centers? View full article here |
212, p = .076). Using an adaptation of Steiger’s Z test ( Hoerger, 2013 and Steiger, 1980), PD0332991 research buy we found the two correlations between F1 and anxiety and F2 and anxiety to be significantly different from each other (ZH = −2.86, p = .004). Total hardiness and all its domains correlated significantly with anxiety (Total: r = −.568, p = <.001; Commitment: r = .−471, p < .001; Control r = −.363, p = .002, Challenge: r = −.280, p = .019). Multiple mediation analyses,
with commitment, control and challenge as mediators, were performed to investigate the indirect effect of psychopathy on anxiety through hardiness (see Fig. 1). No significant direct relationship was found, neither between PCL-R F1 and anxiety nor between PCL-R F2 and anxiety. Significant indirect effects of both PCL-R factors were found, partly mediated through the commitment facet of DRS-15-R. All indirect effects are reported in Table 2. Since only the commitment dimension of psychological hardiness contributed
significantly to the mediation of the relationship between psychopathy and anxiety, a simple mediation model was then calculated to assess the effect size of commitment as a mediator. The indirect effect of commitment in this simple model was −.079 for F1 and .159 for F2 (BootLLCI [95% CI] = -.260, BootULCI [95% CI] = −.024, k2 = .112 for F1; BootLLCI [95% CI] = .048, PLX3397 supplier BootULCI [95% CI] = .324, k2 = .155 for F2). Kelley’s Kappa-Squared (k2; Hayes, 2013) was used as a measure of effect size. It is interpreted as the indirect effect relative to its maximum possible value in the data, and the measure is bound between 0 and 1, with values closer to 1 signifying bigger effects ( Hayes, 2013 and Preacher and Kelley, 2011). As a deprivation of liberty, imprisonment is believed to be perceived as unpleasant, and incarceration as a major life event has also been linked to illnesses associated with stress (Massoglia, 2008). Since both psychopathy and psychological hardiness have been associated with the ability to remain relatively unaffected by daily stressors, this study examined
how the characteristics of psychological hardiness were Orotic acid related to, and possibly mediated, the relationship between psychopathy and anxiety. Our initial correlational analysis did not reveal any significant relationship between the total score for psychopathy and anxiety. When psychopathy was divided into the separate dimensions of the two-factor model, however, a negative relationship emerged between F1 and anxiety. A positive, but not significant relationship was also found between F2 and anxiety. While these correlations are not significant at the conventional p < .05 level, they are significantly different from each other and also consistent with other studies ( Hansen et al., 2013 and Harpur et al., 1989). Moreover, a one-tailed analysis yields a significant correlation (p = .025/p = .038). |
नयी दिल्ली। दिल्ली प्रदेश कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष सुभाष चोपड़ा ने अनाज मंडी इलाके में आग हादसे के लिए सोमवार को ऊर्जा मंत्री सत्येंद्र जैन और बिजली कंपनियों को जिम्मेदार ठहराते हुए कहा है कि इनके खिलाफ हत्या का मामला दर्ज किया जाए।
श्री चोपड़ा ने आज यहां प्रदेश के मुख्य प्रवक्ता मुकेश शर्मा के साथ संयुक्त संवाददाता सम्मेलन में कहा कि फिल्मिस्तान में हुए इस दर्दनाक हादसे के लिए ऊर्जा मंत्री और बिजली कंपनियां दोषी हैं और उनके खिलाफ हत्या का मामला दर्ज किया जायेगा। दोनों ने कहा कि स्थानीय विधायक और पर्यावरण मंत्री इमरान हुसैन और उत्तरी दिलली नगर निगम महापौर को भी इस त्रासदी की जिम्मेदारी लेते हुए तुरंत अपने पद से इस्तीफा दे देना चाहिए। गौरतलब है कि रविवार को हुए इस भीषण अग्निकांड में ४३ लोगों की दर्दनाक मौत हो गई।
श्री चोपड़ा ने कहा कि इस वर्ष सरकार और निगम की लापरवाही की वजह से हुए अग्निकांडों में ९४ लोगों की जान जा चुकी है। उन्होंने कहा कि राज्य सरकार के ऊर्जा मंत्री और बिजली कंपनियों की सांठगांठ से इन क्षेत्रों में बुनियादी सुविधा ढांचे को मजबूत करने के लिए ८२५ करोड़ रुपए की धनराशि बिजली कंपनियों ने खर्च करने का दावा किया है जो पूरी तरह गलत है। श्री चोपड़ा ने कहा कि कंपनी का यह दावा कि ६५० किलोमीटर केबल सिस्टम को मजबूत किया है, सत्य से परे हैं। उन्होंने कहा कि यदि ६५० किलोमीटर केबल अगर भूमिगत कर दी गई होती तो आज इतनी बड़ी संख्या में लोगों को असमय जान नहीं गंवानी पड़ती।
भारतीय जनता पार्टी (भाजपा) पर निशाना साधते हुए श्री चोपड़ा ने कहा कि पूर्व केंद्रीय ऊर्जा मंत्री पीयूष गोयल ने लोकसभा चुनाव से स्थानीय सांसद और केंद्रीय स्वास्थ्य मंत्री डाक्टर हर्षवर्धन के साथ दौरा करते वक्त यह घोषणा की थी कि मंत्रालय ६०० करोड़ रुपए खर्च कर पुरानी दिल्ली में तारों को भूमिगत करेगा लेकिन यह मात्र चुनावी घोषणा रह गई। दिल्ली नगर निगम में १८ सालों से भाजपा का शासन है और पार्टी में व्याप्त भ्रष्टाचार भी इन हादसों के पीछे एक बड़ा कारण है।
श्री शर्मा ने आरोप लगाया कि बिजली कंपनियां ने इन क्षेत्रों में सभी कनेक्शनों पर मिस यूज लगाकर और लोड बढ़ाकर हजारों करोड़ रुपए का चूना दिल्ली की जनता को लगाया गया है। उन्होंने यह भी कहा कि जितनी राशि एकत्रित की गई उसका एक प्रतिशत भी इन इलाकों में सिस्टम को मजबूत करने पर खर्च नहीं किया गया, जो पूरी तरह केवल बेइमानी नहीं है अपितु एक बड़ा घोटाला है जिसकी जांच होनी चाहिए। |
Quadrakiller are Plasma Lieutenants from Cryos. Powerful Lieutenants, the Quadrakiller can deal crippling damage, requiring the player to stay moving. However, they sleep after each attack, giving a brief window of opportunity.
The product of two centuries of war over dwindling life-sustaining resources, quadrakillers are devastating in combat. They possess four arms, each capable of unleashing terrifying volleys of lightning projectiles simultaneously. Quadrakillers possess one flaw their dead makers never got a chance to fix: following attacks, they enter brief rest moves in which they are vulnerable to destruction.
StrategyEditRavager, running while the Quadrakiller is firing, and attacking while it is sleeping.
- Vex is an obvious choice, as he can slow the Quadrakiller down and freeze it in time.
- Blitz, while the same Genesis type as the Lieutenant, can stun them and posseses Plasma Wreath, which can give him a higher chance of survivng the volley.
- Viper is Viper, and can use his poisons to damage the Quadrakiller while running. He is also good against other dangerous enemies, since his Expunge is one of the most damaging attacks in the game.
- Seraph-XS has a ranged attack, so she can keep her distance at all times. This is also one of the few times her Passive is useful, as once she is cloaked the Quadrakiller will ignore her until she emerges from stealth or attacks.
- Skar can sneak up behind the Quadrakiller while under a Shadow Cloak, Shadow Sting it, then finish it off before it knows what happened.
- Quadrakillers are some of the few instances of Darkspore that have mechanical weapons as well as armor.
- They have Char's feet an head, Lumin's hands, Zrin's Cashout Weapon on their neck and Orion's Time Blasters as weapons.
- Quadrakillers seem to hold their weapons by hand instead of having the cannons attached to the arms.
- Quadrakillers were revealed in the Spore Ballistic Quadrakiller Template Challenge. As it turned out, there were many differences between the Template and the final Lieutenant. It was also revealed that "Ballistic Quadrakiller" was the name of the Quadrakillers' Invasion Variant. |
में 100 का नाम सबसे ऊपर आता है। आपको बता दें कि 100 सालों से भारतीय सड़कों पर दौड़ रही है और ग्रामीण इलाकों में इसकी अच्छी खासी डिमांड भी है। ऐसे में आप अगर इस फेस्टिव सीजन सस्ती बाइक खरीदने का मन बना रहे हैं तो 100 आपके लिए बेस्ट ऑप्शन साबित होगा। 2021 एनटीएसई की परीक्षा प्रत्येक वर्ष नवंबर और दिसंबर में होती है। एनटीएसई स्टेज वन की परीक्षा को लेकर विद्यार्थियों को कोचिंग का जिम्मा इस बार शिक्षकों को अपनेअपने स्कूल के विद्यार्थियों को ही मिलेगा। सूर्य का गोचर सुबह 8 बजकर 14 मिनट पर सूर्य देव विशाखा नक्षत्र में प्रवेश करेंगे और 19 नवंबर दोपहर 2 बजकर 12 मिनट तक यहीं पर रहेंगे। मुगलसराय। मुंबई में महिला पत्रकार के साथ समाचार संकलन के दौरान हुए गैंग रेप व उत्तर प्रदेश के इटावा क्षेत्र में पत्रकार की हत्या के विरोध में स्थानीय लाल बहादुर शास्त्री पार्क से नगर के समस्त पत्रकारों द्वारा एक मौन जुलूस निकाला गया। जुलूस नगर भ्रमण करते हुए नेता जी सुभाष पार्क में जाकर गोष्ठी के रूप में तब्दील हुआ। गोष्ठी की अध्यक्षता वरिष्ठ पत्रकार भागवत नरायण चौरसिया व संचालन कमलेश तिवारी ने किया। जानकारी के मुताबिक 10 नवंबर 2016 को शादी के</s> |
You can easily bleed your radiators yourself, by following these simple steps:
- Switch off the heating system and allow the water to settle, preferably overnight.
- Go to each radiator and turn the small air vent using a special air bleed key. You can purchase air bleed keys from our website. This little tool helps stop dirty water from marking carpets, floors, and walls. A built in reservoir collects the bleed water making the job super easy and fast.
- Be sure to catch any water that bubbles out; the water may be black and dirty and could stain surfaces it comes into contact with.
- As soon as the air bubbles cease, turn off the valve. It should not be necessary to run water from the radiator to clear the air.
- Check for any automatic air bleed valves that may be in the system, in the boiler, or at any high points in the piping system.
Remember, a panel radiator needs a continuous flow of hot water to work effectively if the radiator is hot at the bottom but cold at the top, you will need to bleed the air out. |
अधिक है, लेकिन इसमें किसी प्रकार की छूट का प्रावधान नहीं है। आयकर अधिवक्ता दीपक कुमार ने बताया कि जिन करदाताओं ने बचत की है, उनके लिए पुराने स्लैब के अनुसार रिटर्न दाखिल करना फायदेमंद होगा। इसके अलावा इंडस्ट्रियल यूज के लिए 425 किलो के जंबो सिलेंडर को भी लांच किया गया है। इस दौरान डिलीवरी वाहनों को भी हरी झंडी दिखाकर रवाना किया गया। मुख्य अतिथि आईओसी उप्र के कार्यकारी निदेशक व राज्य प्रमुख डॉ। उत्तीय भट्टाचार्य, महाप्रबध्ाक एलपीजी अरुण प्रसाद, महाप्रबंधक एलपीजी सेल्स एमके अंसारी उपस्थित रहे। उप महाप्रबंधक एलपीजी इलाहाबाद एरिया आफिस अंबिकार पाल ने अतिथियों का स्वागत किया। मौके पर कैश लेस, डिजिटल भुगतान, प्री डेलीवरी चेक अभियान की भी लांचिंग की गई। बताया गया कि डिजिटल भुगतान को बढ़ावा देने के लिए विभिन्न प्रकार के आईओसी वन ऐप, डेबिट कार्ड, पेटीएम, क्यूआर कोड, व्हाट्सऐप, सीएक्सइंडियन आयलइन, अमेजान आदि के उपयोग के बारे में भी बताया गया। श्रीभट्टाचार्य ने प्री डेलीवरी चेक पर जोर देते हुए कहा कि रिफिल डेलीवरी करने से पहले प्री चेक करना जरूरी है। इससे अनहोनी घटनाएं टल जाती हैं। उन्होंने अंदावा स्थित इंडियन आयल के पेट्रोल पंप मेसर्स गुलाब सिंह एंड संस से छोटू को लांच किया। इराकी एयरवेज फ्लाइट 163</s> |
9 भारत में जल्द होंगे लॉन्च, जानें इस दोनों फोन्स की खूबियां काउंसिल फॉर दि इंडियन स्कूल सर्टिफिकेट एग्जामिनेशन (सीआईएससीई) ने 10वीं और 12वीं परीक्षा की तारीखों... झाबुआ को जोड़ने वाले इस मार्ग पर रूपगढ़ के पहले बना पुल लगभ 30 साल पुराना हो गया हैं। नदी पर बना यह पुल हर साल बाढ़ की मार झेलता हैं। 2011 में हुई तेज बरसात के कारण वह पुलिया नीचे की ओर से क्षतिग्रस्त हो गया। इससे जब भी उस पुल से भारी वाहन निकलते हैं तो पुल कंपन करने लगता हैं। हिण्डौनसिटी. शहर में दिनभर तेज धूप और झुलसाते गर्म हवाओं के थपेड़ों के बाद शाम को मौसम ने पलटा खाया। शाम को बादल छाने, तेज हवा चलने के साथ बूंदाबांदी होने से लोगों को भीषण गर्मी से कुछ राहत मिली। प्रतापगढ़ रायबरेलीजौनपुर हाईवे के चौड़ीकरण के दौरान पाइप लाइन उखाड़ दिए जाने से दर्ज जानिए पीपल के पेड़ से क्या लाभ होते हैं पीएम के समय बवाल मचाते मृतक के परिचित व रिश्तेदार। हमेशा विवादों में घिरे रहने वाले पत्रकार राजदीप सरदेसाई अलगअलग मामलों में आरोपित बनाए गए व्यक्तियों के साक्षात्कार के लिए तैयार हैं। गौरतलब है कि सुशांत सिंह राजपूत के मृत्यु मामलों में मुख्य आरोपित रिया चक्रवर्ती का</s> |
For the Gnocchi
- Combine ricotta and egg to form a loose paste.
- Turn out onto a cutting board, and add flour until a smooth dough forms.
- Roll into ropes the thickness of a double-A battery.
- Cut into small dumplings and blanch in salted boiling water.
- When gnocchis float, pull out of water with a spider strainer or slotted spoon, and rest on an oiled cookie sheet. Once pasta is cool, toss with oil.
- When you are ready to serve, sauté on medium high heat till golden brown and serve with your favorite sauce.
For the Ricotta
- Heat ingredients until just beginning to curdle.
- Once curdling begins, turn off heat and let sit until curds are fully formed.
- Strain through a piece of cheesecloth and refrigerate curd till cool.
Note: Save whey (the liquid left over from this process) to use to cook grains or tenderize meat. |
In an effort to up my game and get back in the swing of things, I’ve decided to write an occasional micro-story from a roll of the Story Cube dice. This is one such exercise.
Story Cubes: Hand or palm, Tower, Apple, Alien, Lightbulb, the letter L, Fountain, Moon, Flower
She sighed and rested her chin in her palm as she gazed out the open window onto the lush fields below. Flowers swayed in the breeze, glittering like diamonds as the dew on their petals caught the faint light of the crescent moon. Leaves rippled as the wind played in the orchard, the apple trees lined up at attention, as stiff and reticent as the Imperial Guard.
She sighed again as she pushed herself away from the window and padded across the room, ornate rugs muffling the sound of her bare feet. Her quarters in the Tower were luxurious, if cramped. Exotic textiles from all corners of the Empire were brought to make her imprisonment comfortable, as befitting a woman of her status. But that did not change the fact that she was confined to this gilded cage for the unlikeliest of reasons: love, with a capital L.
Recalling the day they met still brought a flutter to her stomach. She had just returned from a hunt and stopped at the fountain to water her horse as she had, once again, overtaxed the poor beast. A loud bang startled her as she handed the reins to a groom. Nothing seemed out of the ordinary, so she began to search for the source of the noise. Rounding a corner within the palace, she nearly bowled over a figure crouching to pick up the shattered remains of a lightbulb.
The figure rose, locked eyes with her, and she was lost. She fell into the depths of those eyes, frozen, mesmerized. It was only an instant, but she now belonged heart and soul to the creature before her. Spindly grey fingers wrapped around her own and the alien led her away in silence. They had almost reached the spaceship when the Imperial Guard captured her and dragged away from her Love. She had since been left to rot in the Tower Cell, her Empire forgotten as she pined each day for the alien to return for her. |
गिरती हुई कई सौ टन की भारी भरकम चट्टान निकली तो मंदिर को जमींदोज करने के संतवादसमाजवाद को भूलकर अरिहंतों की वाणी को याद रखना : विनम्र सागर संगठन की यह बैठक खासी हंगामेदार रही। पूर्व वाइस प्रेसीडेंट अधर शर्मा ने एक साल में पत्रकारों के साथ हुई 19 घटनाओं पर क्लब की निष्क्रियता पर रोष जताया, जिस में एक पत्रकार मोहन शर्मा की हत्या भी शामिल है। मोहन के हत्यारों की गिरफ्तारी के लिए आंदोलन क्लब ने गुपचुप समाप्त कर दिया था, दलील थी कि हत्यारे पुलिस ने जेल भेज दिए हैं। जबकि तय यह हुआ था कि आंदोलन तब तक चलेगा जब तक आश्रितों को आर्थिक मदद न मिल जाए। बृजेंद्र पटेल ने तत्काल बदला लेने की बात कहकर माहौल गर्मा दिया। डा. एमसी शर्मा ने उनका समर्थन किया। पवन सिंह ने अब तक के घटनाक्रम पर प्रकाश डाला। इसी तरह एक सप्ताह पूर्व हरीपर्वत पुलिस ने एक पत्रकार को सींखचों के पीछे धकेल दिया था। मार्कशीटों में गड़बड़ी करने वाले एक रैकेट ने एक पत्रकार को ब्लैकमेल किया था लेकिन क्लब ने दखल नहीं दिया। हाल यह था कि बैठक में प्रेसीडेंट और जनरल सेकेट्री के अतिरिक्त मात्र दो निर्वाचित पदाधिकारी मौजूद थे। कंपनी चालू रहेमुखिया :</s> |
Rumble is a nourishing drink for any snack occasion providing a substantial boost for hungry bodies on-the-go. Remember the old saying that if it tastes good, it can’t be good for you? Like the beverage world, Rumble is turning this one upside down. Rumble is all about the big taste you want, with the nutritional balance you need.
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SAGE Research Methods is a research methods tool created to help researchers, faculty and students with their research projects. SAGE Research Methods links over 175,000 pages of SAGE’s renowned book, journal and reference content with truly advanced search and discovery tools. Researchers can explore methods concepts to help them design research projects, understand particular methods or identify a new method, conduct their research, and write up their findings. Since SAGE Research Methods focuses on methodology rather than disciplines, it can be used across the social sciences, health sciences, and more.
With SAGE Research Methods, researchers can explore their chosen method across the depth and breadth of content, expanding or refining their search as needed; read online, print, or email full-text content; utilize suggested related methods and links to related authors from SAGE Research Methods' robust library and unique features; and even share their own collections of content through Methods Lists. SAGE Research Methods contains content from over 720 books, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and handbooks, the entire “Little Green Book,” and "Little Blue Book” series, two Major Works collating a selection of journal articles, and specially commissioned videos. |
PUBLIC SPEAKING EVENTS
Public speaking refers to a knowledgeable expert who educates and shares ideas with an audience. It is no surprise that the demand for public speakers persists in our increasingly media-driven age. While information can be shared through many other means and persuasive appeals, such as social media, websites, advertising, television, radio, etc., there remains a significant role for public speaking as a means for sharing ideas, educating and motivating others.
The Project Pros understands the potential impact that speaking to an audience, as an expert in your field, can have on your business or endeavor. We will organize the venue, help you advertise, and make sure all arrangements are made for you to have a successful event. Come ready to share your exceptional ideas and let The Project Pros do the rest. |
Global trends in the magnitude of blindness and visual impairment
The first global estimate on the magnitude and causes of visual impairment was based on the 1990 world population data (38 million blind). This estimate was later extrapolated to the 1996 world population (45 million blind), and to the projected 2020 world population (76 million), indicating a twofold increase in the magnitude of visual impairment in the world by 2020. It provided the basis for the 1999 launch of VISION 2020, the Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness.
The extent of the global burden of visual impairment in 2002 is not strictly comparable to the previous estimates of 1990, which indicated there were 148 million visually impaired, of which 38 million were blind. While the 2002 world population has increased by 18.5% as compared to 1990, the population 50 years of age and older has increased by nearly 30%. The population increase is more prominent in developing countries. Taking into account the changes in world population over the past 12 years, the extent of blindness and visual impairment in 2002 appears to be lower than was projected – 37 million instead of the projected 52 million.
It is likely that the change is due to two major factors:
- More data from population based studies on visual impairment carried out over the last decade are available allowing for more accurate estimates to be made. ¨
- Significant achievements have been made in the prevention and management of avoidable blindness along the lines of the "VISION 2020: The Right to Sight" priorities.
- Increased public awareness and utilization of eye health care services
- Increased availability and affordability of eye health care services
- Increased global political commitment to prevention of visual impairment
- Increased professional commitment to prevention of visual impairment
- Commitment and support of non-governmental organizations
- Involvement and partnership with the corporate sector
- More effective primary eye care activities as an integral part of the primary health care system which have contributed to the decline in vision loss from trachoma, onchocerciasis, vitamin A deficiency and even from cataract through better services including outreach case finding and eye health education.
- Impressive successes with elimination of blindness efforts in the Gambia, India, Morocco, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and other countries.
Poverty underlies not only the causes, but also the perpetuation of ill health, including eye health. Blindness remains a key barrier to development. Health is the centrepiece of development and poverty alleviation; continuing to eliminate avoidable blindness among the poorest of the poor is a moral imperative
An ever-increasing number of people are at risk of visual impairment as populations grow and demographic shifts move towards the predominance of older age groups.
Potentially blinding eye conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are increasing as the number of people affected grows. These are non-communicable chronic eye diseases to which the principles of long-term care including issues of cost of treatment and compliance (adherence) apply. Additionally, more programmes for those with low vision will need to be made available.
The global disparity and inequity in the availability of eye health care services still fails to prevent and control an overwhelmingly increasing magnitude of avoidable blindness in the highly populated poorest parts of the world. |
ENSAYOS DE DUREZA
Vickers Hardness Test
It is the standard method for measuring the hardness of metals, particularly those with extremely hard surfaces: the surface is subjected to a standard pressure for a standard length of time by means of a pyramid-shaped diamond. The diagonal of the resulting indention is measured under a microscope and the Vickers Hardness value read from a conversion table.
Vickers hardness is a measure of the hardness of a material, calculated from the size of an impression produced under load by a pyramid-shaped diamond indenter.
The indenter employed in the Vickers test is a square-based pyramid whose opposite sides meet at the apex at an angle of 136º. The diamond is pressed into the surface of the material at loads ranging up to approximately 120 kilograms-force, and the size of the impression (usually no more than 0.5 mm) is measured with the aid of a calibrated microscope. The Vickers number (HV) is calculated using the following formula:
HV = 1.854(F/D2),
with F being the applied load (measured in kilograms-force) and D2 the area of the indentation (measured in square millimeters). The applied load is usually specified when HV is cited.
The Vickers test is reliable for measuring the hardness of metals, and also used on ceramic materials. The Vickers testing method is similar to the Brinell test. Rather than using the Brinell's steel ball type indenter, and have to calculate the hemispherical area of impression, the Vickers machine uses a penetrator that is square in shape, but tipped on one corner so it has the appearance of a playing card "diamond". The Vickers indenter is a 136 degrees square-based diamond cone, the diamond material of the indenter has an advantage over other indenters because it does not deform over time and use. The impression left by the Vickers penetrator is a dark square on a light background. The Vickers impression is more easily "read" for area size than the circular impression of the Brinell method. Like the Brinell test, the Vickers number is determined by dividing the load by the surface area of the indentation (H = P/A). The load varies from 1 to 120 kilograms. To perform the Vickers test, the specimen is placed on an anvil that has a screw threaded base. The anvil is turned raising it by the screw threads until it is close to the point of the indenter. With start lever activated, the load is slowly applied to the indenter. The load is released and the anvil with the specimen is lowered. The operation of applying and removing the load is controlled automatically.
Several loadings give practically identical hardness numbers on uniform material, which is much better than the arbitrary changing of scale with the other hardness machines. A filar microscope is swung over the specimen to measure the square indentation to a tolerance of plus or minus 1/1000 of a millimeter. Measurements taken across the diagonals to determine the area, are averaged. The correct Vickers designation is the number followed "HV" (Hardness Vickers). The advantages of the Vickers hardness test are that extremely accurate readings can be taken, and just one type of indenter is used for all types of metals and surface treatments. |
Oral thrush is considered to be a type of formation of yeast. Candida albicans is the bacteria or organism which is the cause for the uncontrollable growth of oral thrush in mouth. This type of bacteria generally rests in different parts of your body. It may rest on your under skin, in your mouth or in your gut. These organisms or bacteria’s do not bother anyone but it starts multiplying gradually and in due time it will turn out to be gland in the place it rests. These bacteria’s grow uncontrollably which later causes inflammation and extreme pain. When they develop enough to cause pain they are termed as candidiasis or moniliais which is a yeast formation.
The causes and features of oral thrush
- Most of the people think that they can take good care of their oral health and thus they can prevent it from happening. However this is not the way how it works. The yeast will be present inside your mouth already and there are plenty of reasons which can initiate their growth. Once their growth has been initiated there tend to grow uncontrollably.
- Gorge of antibiotics is considered to be one of the primary or the leading reason for the rapid growth of these organism or bacteria’s.
- There are different types of bacteria’s with which the yeasts are compatible with. These bacteria live under our skin and many other places in our body. They are very helpful to us.
- These bacteria’s helps in fighting against the growth of yeast in those places and also any kind of yeast infections.
- When you consume the antibiotics which are used to cure the formation of yeast and their growth they unknowingly kills the bacteria’s which fight against the yeast infections as well. You can consider that at the very end yeast will be the one which is not affected by the antibiotics but the helpful bacteria’s.
- Sometimes the yeasts will go out of control when the bacteria which stop them are eliminated. Hence the antibiotics are indirectly helping in the formation of yeast and its growth in body.
- The yeast starts to multiply as soon as the bacteria dies and hence causes the oral thrush.
- The steroids and cancer medications will also enable the yeast to flourish.
- The medications which are consumed by the patients of asthmatics or chronic lungs will help the increase of yeast infection in body.
The treatment for oral thrush
- Candidiasis is not considered to be the critical condition until it enters the blood and starts to multiply.
- This can reach different organs inside the body and make the system immune. Antifungal prescriptions are to be injected into the mouth and it can be swallowed to stop the infection.
- Antifungal medications will be advised by the physicians who can prolong for a long duration of time in body.
- Some of the anti fungal drugs like micronazole, amphotericin B, nystatin or geneitan are used for the treatment.
Violet Rinsing the mouth after the use of inhalers by the patients will help in preventing of the oral thrush infections. Take good advice from physicians. |
Cyber Attacks and Their Culprits
Cybercrime is a big business around the world, affecting individuals, major corporations, and even government agencies. The statistics on cyber attacks are easy to find: in 2014 in the UK alone, online banking fraud rose by 48% and cost £60.4 million according to figures published by Financial Fraud Action UK. Another study by the UK government found that 90% of large and 74% of small organizations suffered a security breach in 2014. With cyber attacks on the increase, technology evolving every day, and each and every one of us a potential target, becoming wise to cyber security issues is more important than ever.
What are cyber attacks and where do they come from? A cyber attack is the deliberate exploitation of computer systems, infrastructures, computer networks, or personal computer devices in which attackers use malicious code to alter computer code, logic, or data. The ultimate aim is to either steal, alter, or destroy information. The people behind cyber attacks can have various motives, from cybercriminals interested in making money through fraud or from selling valuable information to “hacktivists” who attack companies for political or ideological reasons. There are even hackers who simply like the challenge of hacking into computer systems for fun.
Cyber attacks can be targeted or untargeted. In untargeted attacks, attackers indiscriminately target as many devices, services, or users as possible, exploiting the vulnerabilities in a system and taking advantage of the openness of the internet. “Phishing” is one such example; emails are sent to large numbers of people requesting sensitive information or encouraging users to visit a fake website. “Water holing” is another example, where cybercriminals set up a fake website or compromise a legitimate one to source personal information from unsuspecting users.
In a targeted attack, a deliberately chosen organization or individual is singled out for attack, and the results can be more damaging. “Spear-phishing” is an example—emails are sent to targeted individuals and contain an attachment or link holding malicious software. “Botnets” are another method. These are “zombie computers”—groups or network of machines secretly taken over by cybercriminals who are then able to silently harvest sensitive information from users.
Over the past decade, there have been some high-profile cases of cyber attacks affecting global corporations. Whether the target is global businesses or individuals, attackers always look for vulnerabilities in IT systems, so the same guidance applies to all: the more protected you are, the less likely you are to fall prey to a cyber attack.
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The Effectiveness of the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in diaspora engagement for the purpose of national development
a case study of Jamaica
Migration as a result of increased globalization has impacted population distribution worldwide and many countries now have considerably large Diasporas. These groups represent a valuable resource for exploitation by and partnership with governments for the purpose of social and economic development in their respective mother countries or homeland. In the face of advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the changing composition of the Diaspora’s constituents, the need for governments to procure effective tools and develop technologically innovative ways to engage Diaspora members who are increasingly technologically savvy, has become increasingly important.
Using primary data collected from individual Jamaican Diaspora members and representatives of key Government stakeholders in the Diaspora engagement process, as well as secondary data from previous research in the form of journal articles and case studies, this qualitative paper : (1) measures the perceived level of ineffectiveness of the current ICT-based Diaspora engagement mechanism in enhancing Jamaican national development, (2) identifies the major issues; and (3) recommends best practices for extrapolation in Jamaica. In order to capture the impact of Diaspora engagement on national development
In order to capture the impact of Diaspora engagement on national development, an attempt was made to find a correlation between effective engagement, particularly second and subsequent generation members and their willingness to contribute to national development processes in the homeland, Jamaica. This paper also provides evidence that failure to adapt to advances in information and communication technology affects Diaspora engagement effectiveness and weakens cultural affinity and patriotism.
These findings support the idea that government’s increased investment in more modern information and communication technology tools, particularly in line Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) which liaise directly with Diaspora members, is necessary, as it has the capacity to improve the efficacy of current engagement levels, and, by extension, increase the contributions of this group to social and economic national development, particularly those members who are from second and subsequent generations, as they are more likely to be less patriotic and increasingly lacking in cultural affinity to the homeland.
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Mountain Humor in Folktales and Other Media
Intro Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 4 Activities
Whats in a Picture Book?
- To equip students with skills for analysis of picture books
- To encourage sharing of opinions in pairs or groups
- To enable students to synthesize treatments of humor, folktale characteristics, and Appalachian values in picture books
- To focus on the writing process as students develop their own critical analysis of an Appalachian folktale picture book
Notes to the Teacher:
This lesson will probably take a couple of days to complete.
Pages in AppLit that are relevant to this lesson (see also Complete List of AppLit pages on Picture Books):
- Article: Wonder Tales in Appalachia by Grace Toney Edwards
- Article: Oral Traditions and Modern Adaptations: Survey of Appalachian Folktales in Children's Literature by Tina L. Hanlon
- Bibliographies: Lesson Plans and Resources for Teaching Contemporary American Picture Books to Older Students by Tina L. Hanlon
- Bibliographies: Annotated Index of Appalachian Folktales by Tina L. Hanlon
- Bibliographies: Background Resources on Appalachian Folktales and Storytelling by Tina L. Hanlon
- Bibliographies: Appalachian Folktales in Children's Literature and Collections by Tina L. Hanlon and others
- Study Guides: Activities for Teaching Appalachian Folktales and Dramatizations by the Jack Tale Players by Tina L. Hanlon and R. Rex Stephenson
- Study Guides: Notes on Language Use in Alan Schroeder's Smoky Mountain Rose: An Appalachian Cinderella by Stephanie Humphries
- Study Guides: Exercise on Appalachian Language in Jack and the Three Sillies by Ann Fulcher and Tina L. Hanlon
- Study Guides: In Support of Integrating Minority Dialect Literature Into the Classroom by Stephanie Humphries
- Study Guides: Resources on Appalachian Dialects background and teaching guides by Stephanie Humphries
- Study Guides: Some Features of Appalachian Dialects by Stephanie Humphries
The following book and URL are excellent general resources for examining picture books:
Nodelman, Perry. Words About Pictures: The Narrative Art of Childrens Picture Books. Athens: Georgia UP, 1988.
Kay E. Vandergrift Web Pages
Teachers may use any Appalachian folktale picture book for this lesson. A short bibliography is provided for your convenience. (Note: I, personally, do not believe that all of the books contained in this list present positive representations of Appalachia or Appalachians. However, I believe that it is often beneficial to have both good and bad examples of Appalachian literature so that students may form their own opinions while developing objective critical and analytical skills. Others are listed in AppLit's bibliography of Appalachian Folktales in Picture Books.)
Birdseye, Tom. Soap! Soap! Dont Forget the Soap! Illus. Andrew Glass. New York: Holiday House, 1993.
Compton, Joanne. Ashpet: An Appalachian Tale. Illus. Ken Compton. New York: Holiday House, 1995.
Davis, Donald. Jack and the Animals: An Appalachian Folktale. Illus. Kitty Harvill. Little Rock. Arkansas: August House Little Folk, 1995.
Haley, Gail E. Jack and the Bean Tree. Illus. Gail E. Haley. New York: Crown, 1986.
Haley, Gail E. Jack and the Fire Dragon. Illus. Gail E. Haley. New York, Crown, 1988.
Harshman, Marc, and Bonnie Collins. Rocks in My Pockets. Illus. Wendy Popp. New York: Cobblehill, 1991.
Hooks, William H. The Three Little Pigs and the Fox. Illus. S. D. Schindler. New York: Macmillan, 1989.
Hooks, William H. Snowbear Whittington: An Appalachian Beauty and the Beast. Illus. Victoria Lisi. New York: Macmillan, 1994.
Johnson, Paul Brett. Fearless Jack. New York: Margaret K. McElderry, 2001. N. pag.
Schroeder, Alan. Smoky Mountain Rose: An Appalachian Cinderella. Illus. Brad Sneed. New York: Dial Books, 1997.
Sloat, Teri. Sody Sallyratus. Illus. Teri Sloat. New York: Dutton Childrens Books, 1997.
Wooldridge, Connie Nordhielm. Wicked Jack. Illus. Will Hillenbrand. New York: Holiday House, 1995.
Wright, Jill. The Old Woman and the Willy Nilly Man. Illus. Glen Rounds. New York: Putnam, 1987.
1. Prepare and Distribute Handout 1 "Exploring the Connection Between Text and Illustrations" using the following information. Have students read the handout as homework in preparation for the following activity. (You may want to select from the following study questions that are most relevant to the books your class is examining.)
EXPLORING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN TEXT AND ILLUSTRATIONS
(From: Nodelman, Perry. Words About Pictures: The Narrative Art of Childrens Picture Books. Athens: Georgia UP, 1988, and Tina Hanlons Handouts for Childrens Literature classes.)
Assumptions we carry with us as we look at books:
- Is it hardback with textured, one-color covers (more forbidding and respectable), hardback with luridly colored plastic coatings (conventionally popular material), or softback (disposable and unthreatening)?
- Is it large (rambunctious, energetic) or small (fragile, delicate)?
- Is the paper stock glossy (distancing, making it difficult to focus on specific objects; implying a sense of serenity, stillness) or roughly textured (supporting atmosphere of involvement, intimacy)?
- Is the type large or small? It often conveys information about the intended audience (large print for children, small for adults).
- Of what significance is the size or shape of picture books? Beatrix Potter's original small books and Maurice Sendak's Nutshell Library have been very popular with young children for decades. Large formats are also popular in picture books (e.g., Dr. Seuss, Babar books). Do horizontal or vertical formats work better for certain types of texts? Should editions of picture books be published and sold that vary from the original size and shape? Do you know of other books for which size, shape, structure, or format are especially important?
- What difference does it make for an artist to illustrate a text written by someone else, and his or her own text? (Sendak and many others have done both.)
- What do you see as the essential ingredients of a "true picture book"? How does the function of the illustrations, and their relationship to the text, differ in illustrated books (longer books with illustrations of selected scenes) as compared to picture books? Are retellings of folktales ever found in "true picture books"? What do you think of Sendak's 1970 comment that it is "offensive" and "insane" to publish illustrated versions of adult novels?
- Does it matter whether the author or illustrator of a tale from a particular cultural tradition is a native of that culture? Pay attention to whether the books give background on the author or illustrator and their research, on the origins of the stories, or on the art work.
Questions for folktale analysis:
- The legends and folktales retold in many picture books are derived from ancient oral traditions; in some cases, such as Native American tales, they were told in languages that had no written forms. In what ways do they seem different from literary stories that are composed in written form by individual authors?
- Do the folktales contain the types of well-developed individual characters we find in other story traditions? How do the characters function in these tales?
- Myths and folktales are not realistic stories about nature or about life in a particular culture. But they do reflect realities of life that were important to the people who told the tales. One modern view of myth is that it means true story, and in addition, a story that is a most precious possession because it is sacred, exemplary, significant. What are some of the concerns or realities of life and belief that we learn about from reading tales originating in different cultural traditions? In what sense are the tales exemplary (representative), significant, or true?
- Modern analysis of folktales involves tracing common motifs or themes found in tales from around the world. Do any of these folktales contain motifs or themes that you see in other folktales, legends, fairy tales, myths or stories that you are familiar with? Notice how often people, events, and objects occur in threes in folktales from around the world. Some other examples of very common folk motifs are sibling rivalry, parent-child conflict, wicked stepmothers, a quest or journey, tests of the heros abilities or character traits, help from magical characters and objects, trickster characters who use their wits to overcome obstacles, old or poor characters who need help and often offer a reward in return, transformation of people into animals or objects, rewards for deserving characters (often involving money and/or marriage).
- Often in myths and folktales magic and supernatural elements and creatures reflect basic human fears and desires. How do magic and the supernatural function in the tales you have read?
- Do the books you have read contain culturally specific content? That is, do they contain material that is specific to a particular cultural tradition? How much significance is there in the cultural or ethnic background of the characters or setting?
In-depth questions for analysis:
- How do words and pictures interact in picture books? Look for examples in which elements of character, plot, setting, or point of view that are not revealed in words are portrayed through pictures. What details or scenes from the text has the illustrator chosen not to depict? What is the difference between perceiving various details through words and through pictures? How is the flow of the story (or progression of concepts or impressions if it is not a narrative) affected by the placement of pictures? In picture books with a substantial story line, are the pictures or the words the first to indicate what is happening in the plot, or do they work together on the same two-page spread at about the same pace?
- How do wordless books convey character, plot, setting, point of view, tone, theme or plot? Are wordless picture books just for very young children? Why has the author chosen to put words on some pages and not others in picture books like David Wiesner's Tuesday (Caldecott winner, 1992) or The Knight and the Dragon by Tomi de Paola?
- How is action conveyed in picture books? Do different individuals, including children of different ages, read books and the actions they depict differently from the usual left to right and top to bottom? Perry Nodelman (in Words About Pictures) observes that action usually progresses from left to right, and pictures in which characters face left, or the picture is oriented toward the left, often indicate some interruption or obstacle in the action.
- Does amount of white space, use of borders (doorways, windows, arches of trees, white space) or no borders, placement of text (in boxes, superimposed on pictures, placed in different parts of pages), variations in size of pictures or words, or use of pictures overflowing outlined borders contribute to the meaning of the book? Do frames make it seem tidier, less energetic, invite the reader into another world? (Notice how Maurice Sendak manipulates these elements.)
- How is perspective conveyed or varied in pictures as well as text? Do we get a child's-eye view, or animal's-eye view in some pictures? If the illustrator shows certain characters looking straight out at us from the page, what is the significance of their gazing at us?
- Some contemporary picture books incorporate postmodern techniques like those found in other postmodern art and literature, including various experimental literary and artistic techniques such as multiple and shifting points of view, exploration of the unconscious mind and different ways of viewing reality, parody and blending of previous literary or artistic styles and stories, blending of influences from different media (such as film, comic books, painting, folk literature, etc.), drawing attention to the artificiality of fiction and art, questioning or satirizing or violating our usual expectations about the form and nature of books, fiction, art, etc. Do you see any of these techniques in the picture books you have read?
- What significance can be attached to the choice of cover picture? Are there pictures on the end pages, title page, dedication page? Do these pictures contribute to the essential nature of the story? Do they convey tone or mood? Do they present a color, shape, etc. that will be repeated throughout the story?
- Is the use of color symbolic (eliciting specific emotions from the reader) or non-symbolic (characters talk of red and the foliage contains red)? Is there a predominate use of color? Is there an overall darkness or lightness to the pictures? Is there an absence of color, the use of black and white with lines creating texture?
- Do the media chosen by the artist convey or impose certain moods upon the pictures? For example: crayon, supplemented with pen and ink, is pleasantly childlike; collage inhibits creation of depth; watercolor, in its translucency, creates the impression of light more readily than tempera. However, even though the characteristics of media influence the way they are used, they do not limit the artists to particular effects.
- What object offers the most visual weight? (The more we notice them, the more weight they have.) People tend to focus on people; however, size, particular objects, symbols, etc. can alter visual weight. Those familiar with Christian imagery will understand a shadow of a cross differently than those not familiar with Christian imagery. Are various symbols from various sources combined? Is the reader's reaction subconscious? (We are conditioned to associating physical ugliness with spiritual evil—we may ignore the plot of "Snow White," which indicates that the evil queen is the fairest in the land.) Are animal stories symbolic of human characteristics such as the fox/craftiness, lion/arrogance, peacock/pride, pig/gluttony, mice/timidity, rat/nastiness, or do they purposefully distort these classifications?
- Is there irony existent between the text and the pictures (words are different from the pictures)? For example, is there a fox following a hen that is never mentioned in the text? Does the tone of the words match the situation the picture shows us? For example, we see a boy chasing a dog with a fork but all the text says is that he was causing mischief.
(From Kay E. Vandergrift Web Page):
"Illustrations perform various functions with reference to the text in which they are embedded. At the simplest level they decorate the text and dramatize the action. . . . Illustrations can also interpret the text by portraying characters as dismayed or joyful, weeping or brave. . . . Illustrations may even reformulate the text by supplying information different or absent from the text. For the reader who glances at the illustration and even more for the listener whose eyes linger on pictures while someone else reads, the power of pictures to recast the text into memorable images is formidable."
Questions to consider when examining a picture book:
- How many of the key incidents from the text are pictures? Which ones? How does it affect the book?
- How do different sequences of pictures create different rhythms in the telling of the tale? What is the effect?
- Does the choice of incidents presented in visual images influence interpretation? How?
- Are omissions of particular incidents significant? How?
- How are specific compositional elements (character, mood, setting, etc.) enhanced or changed by their visual images? In other words, is the specific content of the story altered in any way by the illustrations–by the colors used by the type of illustration, etc.?
- How does the illustrator manage details from the text? Do they add to or detract from the book?
- How do illustrators use additional background details? Do they add to or detract from the book?
- How does the placement of pictures on the page and from page to page contribute to the spirit and movement of the story?
- Why might a particular image have been chosen? What does it convey to readers? If presented prior to the telling of the tale, can the illustration influence reader's interpretation?
2. Choose an Appalachian folktale book to use as a model for discussing Handout 1. Read aloud and show the pictures to the class. Allow for open discussion that relates to Handout 1. Be sure that students understand that the text and illustrations should work together, adding to each other. Encourage students to comment on Folktale Characteristics, Appalachian Values, and Appalachian Humor. Because many students may be unfamiliar with picture books in general, and because Appalachian students may be particularly sensitive to comical texts or illustrations, teachers need to help students see that not all comic illustrations are stereotypes (a log house is not; a shack with trash around it, pigs and chickens running in and out of the house, moonshine jugs, etc. is) and that use of regional dialect is not necessarily stereotyping (students need to learn to be proud of their dialect; however, if eye-dialect is used, it may indicate little more than an attempt to show ignorance). (Refer to Lesson 2, Handout 3: Modified).
3. Bring in as many Appalachian folktale picture books as you can locate. (Check your school and public libraries.) This will allow in-class time for students to work.
4. Pair students and provide one book for each pair. (If you do not have enough books to pair students, have them work in small groups.) Pairing students will allow them to discuss and learn from each other. Advise students to use notes and handouts from Lesson 2, along with Lesson 3, Handout 1 to analyze their book.
5. Prepare and Distribute Handout 2 "Appalachian Picture Book" using the following information. Students will be writing individual essays. Advise students to follow the writing process. Allow for in-class time for revision and editing workshops.
APPALACHIAN PICTURE BOOK
Directions: Use notes and handouts from Lesson 2, Handout 3: Modified, along with Handout 1 from Lesson 3.
1. Working in pairs, or small groups, analyze an Appalachian folktale picture book, writing down notes as you read and discuss. Be sure that you analyze both the text and the illustrations of the book.
2. Write an essay exploring one of the suggested questions, or choose another topic of interest to you.
3. Final paper should be typed or word-processed. Include internal citations and Works Cited page.
Write an essay that includes the following:
- The title (underlined), author, and illustrator
- A brief summary of the book
- The answer to one of the following questions:
Does this book reveal something about Appalachian values?
Does this book reveal something about Appalachian humor?
Does this book accurately represent Appalachia, its culture, and its people?
- Support your answer by incorporating information obtained from your analysis of the book. Use specific details and information from the text and illustrations of the book to support your thesis.
Suggestions for structuring your paper:
- Start with your introduction/thesis paragraph. Begin with an interesting opening sentence that attracts the reader's attention.
- Be sure to include the title of the book (underlined), the author, and the illustrator somewhere in the first paragraph, possibly integrated in the first sentence.
- Then, transition smoothly into a brief summary of the book (3-4 sentences). Again, transition into your thesis statement, which will be the last sentence. "For Appalachians, the land is . . . ." OR "Rylant's book presents one of the most positive qualities of Appalachians, that of . . . . " OR "Mama is a Miner is an accurate representation of women working in the coal mines, especially . . . ." OR "There are times when the text and illustrations of a book contradict each other, presenting both a positive and a negative picture of the region . . . ."
Body Paragraphs (at least three):
- Each paragraph should support your thesis.
- Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence (controlling idea) which limits the content of the paragraph. (Choose three points of analysis from Lesson 2, Handout 3: Modified. Be sure to incorporate Lesson 3, Handout 1 into your analysis.)
- Primary support sentences answer the questions "how?" and "why?" for each of the topic sentences (they elaborate upon the basic idea put forth in the topic sentence). Secondary sentences give details—examples to explain or clarify the primary sentence.
- The first sentence begins with the specific point of the thesis statement (sums up everything said in the paper in a precise way).
- The second and following sentences should effectively make general statements about the subject.
- OR You can summarize the main points; give your personal opinion, why you enjoyed or did not enjoy the book; explain whether or not you would recommend it, why or why not, to whom; and offer any suggestions you feel might be relevant to others.
Mountain Humor in Folktales and Other Media: Intro
Complete list of AppLit pages on Folklore
This Page Created: 11/08/2001
Last Update: 7/13/05 |
on Wednesday, October 3, 2012
With new electronic devices like the iPhone 5, iPad, and others, there may be a rise in patients who suffer from computer vision syndrome. Computer vision syndrome is a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer use. Problems from computer vision syndrome can range from physical fatigue to eye twitching. If you think you are suffering from computer vision syndrome, it is important to see an eye doctor who can assess the best personalized treatment for you.
However, if you are like most people who work on electronic devices all day, there are things that you can do to prevent computer vision syndrome. Here are some tips that you can use:
- See An Eye Doctor: The first step to preventing computer vision syndrome is seeing your eye doctor for an eye exam. It is one of the only ways to keep track of your eye health. Make sure to tell your eye doctor if you are a heavy user of electronic devices.
- Embrace the 20/20/20 Rule: If you work on a computer at your desk, make sure to take a 20 second break every 20 minutes and shift your vision to something else 20 feet away.
- Remember to Blink: When you work at a computer or on other electronic devices, you are less likely to blink. However, blinking is important because it keeps your eyes moist and prevents dry eye. So remember to blink when you are using electronic devices.
- Take Mini Breaks: Most people only take two 15 minute breaks throughout the work day, but taking shorter more frequent breaks from working on electronic devices like computers are easier on your eyes. Make sure to get up, stretch, and move around during your breaks so that your eyes get a break from looking at a screen.
- Check Your Monitor: According to the AOA, most people find it easier to view a computer screen at a downward angle. The AOA recommends that the computer screen should be 15 to 20 degrees below eye level (about 4 or 5 inches) as measured from the center of the screen and 20 to 28 inches from the eyes.
- Check Your Lighting: Make sure to position your computer screen from overhead fluorescent lights in order to avoid glare. Using curtains on windows can also help prevent glare from outdoor light. Another good trick is to use floor lamps instead of overhead lighting in order to reduce glare.
- Make Sure To Adjust Your Computer Display Settings: Tweaking the display settings of your computer can help you avoid straining your eyes. Adjust the brightness of your screen so that it matches the light around you. If your screen looks like a light source, it is too bright. If it looks dull or gray, it is too dark. Text size and contrast make a difference too. Typically, looking at dark letter against a light background is easier on the eyes.
- Check Your Chair: Adjusting your seat can help prevent your eyes from getting too fatigued. Chairs should be comfortably padded and conform to the body. Your feet should rest flat on the floor, so you may need to adjust your chair height. Check your arm rests to ensure that they are providing support while you type.
- Invest In a Document Holder: If you need to work with reference materials, make sure that you have a document holder that can tilt and display your materials at an angle in front of your computer screen. It should be placed below your monitor but above your key board.
- Ask About Computer Eyewear: Your eye doctor may be able to prescribe computer eyewear that can help alleviate eye strain. |
द्वारका जिले के बिंदापुर इलाके में मंगलवार शाम गली में खेल रही एक मासूम बच्ची को कार ने कुचल दिया। मौके पर ही उसकी मौत हो गई। मृतका की शिनाख्त निधि (६) के रूप में हुई। हादसा मासूम के पिता के सामने हुआ।
आरोपी कार चालक युवक विनीत शर्मा को मौके पर ही दबोच लिया और पुलिस के हवाले कर दिया। पुलिस ने मामला दर्ज कर छानबीन शुरू कर दी है। पुलिस ने बुधवार को पोस्टमार्टम के बाद शव परिजनों के हवाले कर दिया है। घटना गली में लगे एक सीसीटीवी कैमरे में कैद हो गई।
पुलिस के मुताबिक, निधि अपने परिवार के साथ डीडीए फ्लैट, पॉकेट-३, बिंदापुर में रहती थी। परिवार में पिता अरुण गुप्ता, मां व अन्य सदस्य हैं। निधि पास के एक पब्लिक स्कूल में केजी की छात्रा थी। मंगलवार शाम वह गली में खेल रही थी। इस दौरान गली में ही रहने वाली विनीत नामक युवक ने तेज गति से अपनी स्विफ्ट कार मोड़ पर मोड़ दी।
अचानक सामने आई निधि को विनीत देख नहीं पाया और बच्ची उसकी कार के नीचे आ गई। हादसे के समय अरुण अपने घर के दरवाजे पर खड़ा था। उसने बेटी को कार के नीचे आते देखा तो वह भागकर मौके पर पहुंचा। किसी तरह बच्ची को कार के नीचे से निकालकर नजदीकी अस्पताल ले जाया गया, जहां उसे मृत घोषित कर दिया। आरोपी विनीत हादसे के समय अपने कॉलेज से घर लौट रहा था। |
“SELF INFLATING TYRES”
BY T.Shiva Bharath
ABSTRACT Self -inflating tyres are designed to constantly maintain tyre pressure at the proper level. Self-inflating systems are designed more for slow leaks and for optimizing performance . It allow vehicle to adjust to the current terrain for ideal performance and safety in those conditions. Most of them are only available for commercial and military applications.
SELF-INFLATING SYTEMS •
Tire inflation systems have three general goals Detect when the air pressure in a particular tire has dropped this means they have to constantly monitor the air pressure in each tyre Notify the driver of problem Inflate the tire back to the proper level-this means there has to be an air supply as well as check valve that opens when needed.
PARTS OF ANY SELF-INFLATING SYSTEM
They all use some type of valve to isolate individual tires to prevent air flow from all tires when one is being checked or inflated. They have a method for sensing tire pressures. This is addressed in most cases with central sensors that relay information to an electronic control unit and then to the driver. They have an air source such as braking or pneumatic systems. Which is an existing onboard source.when using an existing system, however
they have to ensure that they don't jeopardize its original function. For this reason they have safety checks to ensure that there is enough air pressure for the source’s primary use before pulling air to the tire inflation. There has to be a way to get air from the air source to the tires which is usually through the axle. There is a pressure relief vent to vent air from the tire without risking to the hub or rear-axle seals.
CENTRAL TIRE INFLATION SYTEM(CTIS) CTIS is provided to control the air pressure in each tire as a way to improve performance on different surfaces. Another function of CTIS is to maintain pressure in the tires if there is slow leak or puncture. In this case, the system controls the inflation automatically based on the selected pressure the driver has set.
DESCRIPTION A wheel valve is located at each wheel end. Its job is to isolate the tire from the system when its not in use in order to let the pressure off of the seal and extend its life. An electronic control unit mounted behind the passenger seat is the brain of the system. It processes the driver commands, monitors all signals throughout the system and tells the system to check tire pressures every 10 min to make sure the selected pressure is being maintained.
. The ECU sends commands to the pneumatic control unit ,which directly controls the wheel valves and air system. • An operator control panel allows driver to select the tire pressure modes to match the current conditions. • When vehicles are moving faster (like on a high way ),tire pressure should be higher to prevent tire damage .CTIS includes a speed sensor that sends vehicle speed to electronic control unit. • The system automatically inflates tires to an appropriate pressure at that speed.
TIRE INFLATION SYSTEM (TMS)
THE FUTURE OF SELF-INFLATING TYRES They are at least two other systems in the early development stages that are oriented toward the consumer market …the ENTIRE system and the AIR PUMP SYSTEM The entire self-inflating tire system uses a valve the pulls in air from the atmosphere.It then pulls air into the under-inflated tire using a peristaltic-pump action.
These are most widely used for military applications. This system automatically adjusts the pressure in each tire while the vehicle is in operation to compensate for leaks and slow-leak punctures. The driver will be able to adjust the pressure depending on the desired driving mode: comfort, sporty, allterrain or over-obstacle. |
Litigating Whiteness: Trials of Racial Determination in the Nineteenth Century South
Posted: 24 May 1998
Date Written: May 1998
Judges in the nineteenth-century South repeatedly held that race was a matter of "fact," not "law," something best left to juries to decide, because juries represented the sense of the community. Race was something common-sensical something a Southerner just knew. Witnesses in the courtroom reinforced the notion of race as common sense by invoking an ineffable something that made someone white which any Southerner could discern and, likewise, the belief that a drop of African blood would make itself known, and a Southerner could sense it "as the alligator . . . knows three days in advance that a storm is brewing."
This paper examines the litigation of whiteness in nineteenth-century trial courts in a variety of disputes in which a person's racial status came into question, from slaves' suits for freedom to inheritance battles. It is based on my reading of most of the extant trial records of racial determination cases which were appealed to state high courts in the nineteenth century South, a database of sixty-eight cases. My research demonstrates that legal determinations of race could not simply reflect community consensus as comfortably as some judges hoped, because there was no consensus to reflect. These trials, despite the rhetoric of racial common-sense, tapped deep cultural anxiety about the unknowability of hidden essences. While nineteenth-century white Southerners believed in an inner racial essence, there was no agreement about how to discover it. By examining the kinds of evidence witnesses and litigants brought forth at trial, I hope to suggest that law, broadly defined, played an important role in constituting the cultural meaning of racial identities.
In this paper, I argue that law became part of the definition of race in two related ways. First, among the variety of kinds of evidence litigants might present at trial, law made the "performance" of whiteness especially important. Doing the things a white man or woman did became the law's working definition of what it meant to be white. This definition of race as performance operated in a law-like fashion, prescribing certain rules of behavior for people of different races. Furthermore, one of the most important ways in which men in particular could perform whiteness was, paradoxically, through the exercise of legal rights. Witnesses at trial frequently proved a person's whiteness by reporting on his performance of acts of citizenship; voting, mustering for the militia, sitting on a jury which made rightsholding part of the definition of whiteness. The trials thus reveal the implications of a racial ideology which decreed that "negro blood" made a person inferior in virtue, competency, and behavior and that "blood" made a person act in certain ways. The "laws" of race could be subverted by people who followed all the rules of whiteness but "hid" their intrinsic blackness. Law, which provided the forum for these challenges, made a discourse of race as performance especially salient.
Section II of this paper examines the various bases on which litigants, witnesses, jurors and judges relied to make their arguments and decisions about someone's racial status. This Section discusses the lack of consensus in the courtroom, and the tension between common-sense and different kinds of "expertise" as a basis for racial knowledge. It looks at the tremendous profusion and confusion of criteria for whiteness within any given moment or particular case, as well as the rise, over the course of the antebellum period, of two discourses of "race," one of science and another of performance.
Section III explores the performative, prescriptive aspect of race: the way in which people whose racial status was at issue had to perform white womanhood or manhood, both within the courtroom and without, and the way race depended on understandings of identity that were essentially social and legal in nature. Finally, Section IV concludes with a discussion of the contemporary uses of the history of the social and legal construction of race, across the political spectrum.
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation |
बरेली। त्योहारों और जुलूसों पर अपेक्षित सहयोग नहीं मिलने पर प्रशासन ने सभी पुलिस मित्र हटा दिए। उन्हें दिया गया परिचय पत्र जमा कराया जा रहा है। प्रशासन ने शांति समितियों को भंग करने का निर्णय लिया है, जिनका नये सिरे से गठन किया जाएगा।
शहर के हर थाना क्षेत्र में शांति समिति गठित की गई थी। इसमें इलाके के शिक्षित और गणमान्य लोगों को शामिल किया गया है। किसी भी त्योहार से पहले संबंधित थाने में बैठक की जाती है। प्रशासन के अफसर और समिति सदस्यों के बीच जन सुविधाओं और सुरक्षा व्यवस्था पर चर्चा होती है। समिति सदस्यों पर इलाके के संदिग्ध लोगों पर नजर रखने और गोपनीय सूचनाएं प्रशासन को देने की जिम्मेदारी होती है। जिससे उपद्रव करने से पहले प्रशासन संदिग्ध लोगों पर शिकंजा कस सके। वर्ष २०१० में पुलिस मित्र बनाए गए थे। इन पुलिस मित्रों को एसपी सिटी और संबंधित थाना प्रभारी के हस्ताक्षर किया परिचय पत्र जारी किया गया था। त्योहारों और जुलूस निकलने पर शांति व्यवस्था बनाए रखने में सहयोग और संदिग्ध व अपराधी किस्म के लोगों की सूचना पुलिस को देने की जिम्मेदारी दी गई थी। देखने में आया कि ज्यादातर शांति समिति के सदस्य, किसी न किसी वजह से अफसरों के इर्द गिर्द घूमने वाले लोग और यहां तक कि कई अपराधी किस्म के लोग भी पुलिस मित्र बन गए। कई पुलिस मित्रों ने अपने घर पर बड़ा सा बोर्ड लगा लिया और उन्होंने सीधे पुलिस और लोगों के बीच दलाली शुरू कर दी। पुलिस मित्रों के सक्रिय न रहने के चलते ही कांवर यात्रा और जन्माष्टमी पर उपद्रव होने से पहले पुलिस को इस बाबत कोई भनक नहीं लगी।
एसएसपी सत्येंद्र वीर सिंह ने बताया कि शांति समिति के सदस्य और पुलिस मित्रों की खास उपयोगिता नहीं दिखी। मीटिंग में दिखाई देने के अलावा माहौल को शांत कराने में कोई खास सहयोग नहीं किया। न ही धार्मिक स्थलों की सुरक्षा में सहयोग किया। इससे पुलिस मित्रों को हटा दिया गया। उन्होंने बताया कि शांति समितियां भी भंग की जाएंगी। एसएसपी के मुताबिक पहले तो पुलिस मित्र और शांति समिति का सदस्य, दोनों एक ही व्यक्ति नहीं हो सकता। शांति समितियों में पढ़े लिखे, प्रोफेसर, डाक्टर, संभ्रांत और साफ छवि वाले लोग शामिल होंगे।
प्रशासन के फैसले के कोई समर्थन में तो कोई विरोध में शांति समिति सदस्य व पुलिस मित्र जेसी पालीवाल का कहना कि कि प्रशासन का कदम एकदम सही है। लोग बैठकों में तो दिखाई देते थे, लेकिन उसके बाद शांति का माहौल तैयार करने के लिए कोई काम नहीं करते थे। शांति कमेटियों का नये सिरे से गठन होगा तो ईमानदार आगे आएंगे। खलील कादरी के मुताबिक पुलिस मित्रों को हटाना तो ठीक है, मगर दंगे के माहौल में उनकी अपनी भी दिक्कत होती है। इस दौरान लोकल पुलिस होती नहीं है, बाहर की पुलिस पहचानती नहीं। ऐसे में पुलिस मित्र काम कैसे करें? शांति समिति सदस्य और पुलिस मित्र जहीर अहमद का कहना है, यह प्रशासन पर निर्भर करता है कि उनका सहयोग लेना है कि नहीं। हम तो अमन चैन चाहते हैं। मो. नबी कोतवाली व किला की शांति समिति सदस्य होने के साथ पुलिस मित्र हैं। उनका कहना है कि इस माहौल में शांति समिति और पुलिस मित्रों का सहयोग अत्यधिक जरूरी है। इसलिए अभी उन्हें हटाना उचित निर्णय नहीं है। |
वाटिकन सिटी, शनिवार, ७ अप्रैल २०१८ (रेई) संत पापा फ्राँसिस ने युवाओं को चुनौती दी कि वे येसु को सुनें तथा अपने आपमें बदलाव लायें ताकि प्रेम के ईश्वर के राज्य की स्थापना कर सकें।
शनिवार को वाटिकन स्थित पौल षष्ठम सभागार में उतरी इटली के ब्रेशिया धर्मप्रांत के ३००० युवाओं से मुलाकात करते हुए संत पापा फ्राँसिस ने उन्हें अपना संदेश दिया।
उन्होंने कहा, "येसु का स्वप्न, जैसा कि सुसमाचार में कहा गया है ईश्वर का राज्य है। ईश्वर के राज्य का अर्थ है ईश्वर से प्रेम एवं एक-दूसरे से प्रेम, जिसके द्वारा एक वृहद परिवार में हम एक-दूसरे के भाई और बहन बनते तथा ईश्वर को पिता मानते हैं जो अपने सभी बच्चों को प्यार करते तथा उस समय अत्यधिक आनन्दित होते हैं जब एक खोया हुआ पुत्र वापस लौट जाता है।"
संत पापा ने युवाओं को सम्बोधित कर कहा कि वे उनके उस सवाल से अत्याधिक प्रभावित हुए जिसमें उन्होंने पूछा है कि "क्या धर्माध्यक्ष सचमुच विश्वास करते हैं कि युवा कलीसिया में बदलाव लाने में सहयोग कर सकते हैं?" उन्होंने कहा, "यह मेरे लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि आगामी सिनॉड, जिसमें युवा, विश्वास एवं बुलाहटीय आत्मजाँच पर आधारित होगा, यह युवाओं को सुनने के द्वारा तैयार किया गया है।"
संत पापा ने कहा, "जब मैं कहता हूँ "सच्चा श्रवण", इसका अर्थ है बदलाव लाने, एक साथ चलने, अपनी तमन्नाओं को बांटने की तत्परता।"
उन्होंने युवाओं से एक प्रश्न किया कि क्या वे येसु को सुनने एवं अपने आप में बदलाव लाने के लिए तैयार हैं।
संत पापा ने युवाओं को बदलाव लाने के लिए प्रेरित करते हुए कहा, येसु स्पष्ट रूप से कहते हैं, "यदि कोई मेरा अनुसरण करना चाहता है तो वह आत्मत्याग करें।" येसु क्यों इन शब्दों का प्रयोग करते हैं जो अच्छा नहीं लगता, इसे किस तरह समझा जा सकता है? "आत्मत्याग करना," का अर्थ यह बिलकुल नहीं है कि उन चीजों से नफरत करना जिनको स्वयं ईश्वर ने हमें प्रदान किया है, जीवन, अभिलाषा, शरीर, संबंध आदि, जी नहीं, बल्कि ईश्वर इन सारी चीजों को हमारी भलाई के लिए हमें देना चाहते हैं। फिर भी वे पूछते हैं कि यदि कोई उनका अनुसरण करने के लिए अपने आप का त्याग करना चाहता है, क्योंकि हम सभी में एक पुराना व्यक्तित्व है, जो ईश्वर के तर्क का अनुसरण नहीं चलता जो प्रेम का तर्क है बल्कि इसके विपरीत अहम की भावना के अनुसार चलता है, जो स्वार्थ, अपनी रूचि, दिखावटी एवं छिपने के तर्क के अनुसार है।
येसु हमें इस दासता से मुक्त करने के लिए क्रूस पर मर गये, जो कि बाह्य नहीं किन्तु आंतरिक है। पाप हमें आंतरिक रूप से मार डालता है। केवल येसु ही हैं जो हमें इस बुराई से बचा सकते हैं किन्तु इसके लिए हमारे सहयोग की आवश्यकता है, हमें यह कहना है, "येसु मुझे क्षमा कर, मुझे आपके समान नम्र एवं प्रेमी हृदय प्रदान कर।
संत पापा ने कहा कि इस प्रकार की प्रार्थना को येसु गंभीरता से लेते एवं जो लोग उन पर विश्वास करते हैं वे चमत्कार देखते हैं। संत पापा ने युवाओं को बाईबिल का पाठ करने एवं यूखरिस्त में भाग लेने की सलाह दी जिसके द्वारा वे आनन्द का अनुभव कर सकते हैं उन्होंने कहा कि ऐसा करने के द्वारा वे पीड़ा, बामारी एवं एकाकी के क्षण में येसु की उपस्थिति का एहसास करेंगे। उन्हें घमंड, उपधारणा एवं दूसरों का न्याय किये बिना धारा के विपरीत जाने हेतु साहस प्राप्त होगा। यह एक वरदान हैं जो हमें अपने आपमें शून्यता एवं उनके द्वारा भरे जाने का अनुभव प्रदान करेगा।
संत पापा ने असीसी के संत फ्राँसिस एवं संत दमियन का उदाहरण दिया जो युवा के रूप में स्वाप्नों से भरे थे किन्तु ये ईश्वर के नहीं बल्कि दुनिया के स्वप्न थे। येसु ने उन्हें प्रेरित किया और वे अपने पुराने व्यक्तित्व को त्यागकर विनम्रता, गरीबी, सरलता, दयालुता, सृष्टि के प्रति स्नेह आदि गुणों को अपनाते हुए येसु को स्वीकार किया।
संत पापा ने युवाओं को उनके मुलाकात के लिए धन्यवाद देते हुए उनके लिए माता मरियम से प्रार्थना की तथा अपना प्रेरितिक आशीर्वाद दिया। |
- I am so lucky I don’t own a blowtorch.
- It’s believed that a man may have set fire to his apartment while trying to kill a ‘huge wolf spider’ in a bedroom with fire.
- According to a carer for one of the men living in the Redding, northern California apartment complex, the flaming spider ran under the mattress, which caused the fire to spread to a flag collection and the drapes.
- Residents tried to put out the blaze with a garden hose, but it ultimately took firefighters 20 minutes to control the fire that caused approx $11,000 in damage.
- It’s reported that all residents in the apartment complex escaped without injury, but there is no word on the fate of the spider.
- Note: I will never unsee the image of a wolf spider I came across while doing this story. |
A more diminutive variety of the jade plant, Crassula ovata (Hobbit Jade) is a succulent plant that grows up to three feet tall. The stubby, 2-inch green leaves are tubular with curled edges and bright red tips, leading some people to compare the plant to sea coral. As with other succulents, the leaves are fleshy and filled with water, and larger plants have woody stems. The small, star-shaped flowers are white or pale pink, but they only bloom under ideal conditions.
The Hobbit Jade is slow-growing but can spread up to two feet across at maturity. It will grow indoors or out, and it needs infrequent repotting as a houseplant since it likes having roots that are close together.
- Plant in well-drained soil with compost added, and include perlite for drainage. A layer of pebbles and sand at the bottom will help with drainage and prevent rot from forming.
- Outside, plant Hobbit Jade in an area that will get at least four hours of direct sunlight each day. It can grow in indirect light, but the color won’t be as vibrant. As a houseplant, place the pot near a window that gets a lot of light.
- Since jade is a desert plant, fertilization once a year is plenty, and diluted liquid fertilizer is the best choice. Don’t fertilize during the winter, though, since that’s a period of dormancy for the Hobbit Jade.
- Mealybugs, spider mites and scale will attack jade plants, but you can easily get rid of them in the early stages of an infestation. First, remove the pests with a cotton ball dipped in alcohol. Then swab the leaves with insecticidal soap, but don’t spray it directly on the plant.
- The slow growth of the Hobbit Jade makes it a good choice for terrariums. It’s also an excellent bonsai plant and a hard-to-kill houseplant. Outdoors, it creates an attractive, non-invasive ground cover. Outdoor potted jade plants should be brought inside before the first winter frost.
- Overwatering will cause the Hobbit Jade to rot at the base and perish. Allow it to dry out before watering again since the plant is better off with too little water than too much. If you find rot at the base, you can still make cuttings from the leaves for propagation.
- The Hobbit Jade is transplanted by using stem cuttings. The flowers produce seed, but jade plants only bloom under ideal conditions. Allow a cutting to dry out and form a film over the raw edge before transplanting. Then put it into a well-drained soil mixture. In the garden, jade plants will spread by dropping leaves that end up rooting in the nearby soil.
- In order for this plant to bloom, it needs well-drained soil and has to experience cold temperatures in the autumn. Indoor potted Hobbit Jade can be exposed to fall temperatures by putting it outside on a porch or patio for a few weeks. As the days grow shorter and cooler, the plant’s biological clock will tell it to bloom.
- The stems of Hobbit Jade can become leggy, and pruning them in the fall will help the plant retain a rounded shape. In the spring, cutting away some of the new growth will help the main stem grow stronger and keep the plant more compact.
- The jade plant originated on the African continent, in South Africa and Mozambique. The Hobbit Jade is a garden cultivar that was introduced in the 1970s. |
## Magic Squares
How to Solve a Magic Square Using Google OR-Tools.
Posted: Nov. 2, 2020
Suppose we have a 4 x 4 magic square as shown in the diagram. The sum of each row, column and diagonal must be the same. Additionally, each number (1 to 16) may only be used once.
This type of problem can easily be solved using Google OR-Tools CP-SAT Solver.
Here is how to do it using Python:
Declare the CP-SAT model:
`model = cp_model.CpModel()`
Create the decision variables:
```# 0 1 2 3
# 4 5 6 7
# 8 9 10 11
# 12 13 14 15
numbers = [model.NewIntVar(1, 16, f"h{str(i)}") for i in range(1, 17)]```
Add a constraint that all the decision variables be different:
`model.AddAllDifferent(numbers)`
Add constraints for all rows, columns and diagonals to sum to 34:
```model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (0, 1, 2, 3)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (4, 5, 6, 7)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (8, 9, 10, 11)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (12, 13, 14, 15)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (0, 4, 8, 12)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (1, 5, 9, 13)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (2, 6, 10, 14)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (3, 7, 11, 15)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (0, 5, 10, 15)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (3, 6, 9, 12)) == 34)```
Add a constraint to set the decision variables as per the diagram:
```model.Add(numbers[0] == 9)
model.Add(numbers[4] == 4)
model.Add(numbers[5] == 15)
model.Add(numbers[8] == 14)
model.Add(numbers[12] == 7)
model.Add(numbers[10] == 8)
model.Add(numbers[15] == 2)```
Call the CP-SAT solver:
```solver = cp_model.CpSolver()
solver.Solve(model)```
Configure a solution printer (so all solutions are printed nicely):
`solution_printer = VarArraySolutionPrinter(numbers)`
Search for all possible solutions:
`status = solver.SearchForAllSolutions(model, solution_printer)`
Print the status of the solutions (OPTIMAL, FEASIBLE, INFEASIBLE, MODEL_INVALID or UNKNOWN):
`print(f"Status = {solver.StatusName(status)}")`
Print the number of solutions found:
`print(f"Number of solutions found: {solution_printer.solution_count()}")`
Here is the code output:
```9 6 3 16
4 15 10 5
14 1 8 11
7 12 13 2
Status = OPTIMAL
Number of solutions found: 1```
The only bits I left out go at the top of the Python script.
These are importing the CP-SAT model and configuring the solution printer by overriding the methods appropriately.
See these in the full listing of the code below:
```from ortools.sat.python import cp_model
class VarArraySolutionPrinter(cp_model.CpSolverSolutionCallback):
"""Print intermediate solutions."""
def __init__(self, variables):
cp_model.CpSolverSolutionCallback.__init__(self)
self.__variables = variables
self.__solution_count = 0
def on_solution_callback(self):
self.__solution_count += 1
# for v in self.__variables:
# print('%s=%i' % (v, self.Value(v)), end=' ')
vars = list(self.__variables)
print(
f"{self.Value(vars[0])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[1])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[2])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[3])}"
)
print(
f"{self.Value(vars[4])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[5])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[6])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[7])}"
)
print(
f"{self.Value(vars[8])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[9])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[10])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[11])} "
)
print(
f"{self.Value(vars[12])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[13])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[14])} "
f"{self.Value(vars[15])} "
)
print()
def solution_count(self):
return self.__solution_count
model = cp_model.CpModel()
# 0 1 2 3
# 4 5 6 7
# 8 9 10 11
# 12 13 14 15
numbers = [model.NewIntVar(1, 16, f"h{str(i)}") for i in range(1, 17)]
model.AddAllDifferent(numbers)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (0, 1, 2, 3)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (4, 5, 6, 7)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (8, 9, 10, 11)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (12, 13, 14, 15)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (0, 4, 8, 12)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (1, 5, 9, 13)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (2, 6, 10, 14)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (3, 7, 11, 15)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (0, 5, 10, 15)) == 34)
model.Add(sum(number for position, number in enumerate(numbers) if position in (3, 6, 9, 12)) == 34)
model.Add(numbers[0] == 9)
model.Add(numbers[4] == 4)
model.Add(numbers[5] == 15)
model.Add(numbers[8] == 14)
model.Add(numbers[12] == 7)
model.Add(numbers[10] == 8)
model.Add(numbers[15] == 2)
solver = cp_model.CpSolver()
solver.Solve(model)
solution_printer = VarArraySolutionPrinter(numbers)
status = solver.SearchForAllSolutions(model, solution_printer)
print(f"Status = {solver.StatusName(status)}")
print(f"Number of solutions found: {solution_printer.solution_count()}")```
Return to blog |
इंप्रेसन्स मिले हैं। सीरियल में धीरज धूपर और श्रद्धा आर्या की जोड़ी को काफी पसंद किया जा रहा है। दूसरे पर टीवी सीरियल अनुपमा है। अनुपमा को भी दर्शकों का बेशुमार प्यार मिल रहा है। इस सीरियल को कुल 7292 इंप्रेसन्स मिले हैं। तीसरे स्थान पर जी टीवी का सीरियल कुमकुम भाग्य है। सृति झा और शबीर अहलुवालिया की जोड़ी दर्शकों की पसंदीदा आॅनस्क्रीन जोड़ियों में से एक रही है। इस शो को 6257 इंप्रेसन्स मिले हैं। मलाइका अरोड़ा के इंडियाज बेस्ट डांसर के सेट पर आने के बाद से इसकी टीआरपी में भी सुधार देखने को मिल रहा है। शो 5766 इंप्रेसन्स के साथ चौथे नंबर पर है। जबकी लोगों का चहेता कॉमेडी शो तारक मेहता का उल्टा चश्मा 5667 इंप्रेशन्स के साथ पांचवे स्थान पर है। नई दिल्ली। केंद्र सरकार के तीन कृषि बिलों के खिलाफ बुधवार को अम्बालादिल्ली नेशनल हाईवे पर किसानाें और पुलिस प्रशासन तीन बार आमनेसामने हुए। सबसे पहले सुबह 11:30 बजे जब पुलिस ने दिल्लीअम्बाला रेलवे लाइन पर शाहपुर फाटक किसानों को क्रॉस नहीं करने दी तो किसानों ने पुलिस प्रशासन पर पथराव किया। सीआईए वन से साहब सिंह घायल हुए। इसके बाद संयुक्त किसान मोर्चा के आह्वान पर भारतीय किसान यूनियन चढ़नी गुट</s> |
#!/usr/bin/python
import sqlite3
import Tkinter
import urllib2
from Tkinter import *
from urllib2 import *
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
##-------------------------------crawl html of a web----------------------------------------
# Take the html form de page
def recuperarhtml(url):
try:
f = urllib2.urlopen(url)
page = f.read()
f.close()
return page
except HTTPError, e:
print "Ocurrio un error"
print e.code
except URLError, e:
print "Ocurrio un error"
print e.reason
except ValueError, e:
print e.message
# take the urls from the html
def filtrar(html):
soup = BeautifulSoup(str(html), 'html.parser')
Titulo =""
table = soup.find_all( class_=["TituloIndice", "LinkIndice"])
for tag in table:
print tag.get("class")
if tag.get("class") == [u'TituloIndice']:
Titulo = tag.next
if tag.get("class") == [u'LinkIndice']:
# Conexion con la DB
conn = sqlite3.connect('Categorias.db')
conn.text_factory = str
print "Opened database successfully";
# Almacenamos los datos
conn.execute("INSERT INTO CATEGORIA (NAME,LINK,CATEGORIA) \
VALUES (?,?,?);", [tag.next, tag['href'], Titulo])
# commit y close connection
conn.commit()
conn.close()
def crawl():
url = "http://www.sevillaguia.com/sevillaguia/agendacultural/agendacultural.asp"
page = recuperarhtml(url)
filtrar(page)
##------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
##-------------------------------search on DB----------------------------------------
def imprimir_etiqueta(cursor):
v = Toplevel()
sc = Scrollbar(v)
sc.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
lb = Listbox(v, width=150, yscrollcommand=sc.set)
for row in cursor:
lb.insert(END,row[0])
lb.insert(END,row[1])
lb.insert(END,row[2])
lb.insert(END,'')
lb.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH)
sc.config(command = lb.yview)
def search():
root2 = Tkinter.Toplevel(top)
root2.title="Categoria search"
entry = Entry(root2)
entry.pack()
entry.focus_set()
def onDBsearch():
# Conexion con la DB
conn = sqlite3.connect('Categorias.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
aux = entry.get()
print str(aux)
cursor = conn.execute("SELECT NAME, LINK, CATEGORIA from CATEGORIA where CATEGORIA LIKE ?", (aux,))
imprimir_etiqueta(cursor)
root2.destroy()
conn.close()
b = Button(root2, text='search', command=onDBsearch)
b.pack(side='bottom')
root2.mainloop()
##------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
##--------------------------------------------Buscar evento-------------------------------------------------
def filtrarEvento(html, textoDeBusqueda):
soup = BeautifulSoup(str(html), 'html.parser')
table = soup.find_all(class_=["Sala", "Destacamos"])
texto = textoDeBusqueda
titulo= ""
fecha = ""
esTitulo = TRUE
guardado = FALSE
result=[["",""],]
for a in table:
if(a.get("class")==[u'Sala']):
fecha = a.next
esTiutlo= TRUE
guardado= FALSE
if(a.get("class")==[u'Destacamos']):
esTitulo = TRUE
guardado = FALSE
for div in a.stripped_strings:
if esTitulo:
titulo=div
esTitulo=FALSE
if texto in div and guardado == FALSE:
result.append([titulo,fecha])
guardado = TRUE
break
return result
def evento():
#Nueva ventana y buscador
window2 = Tkinter.Toplevel(top)
L1 = Tkinter.Label(window2, text="key word")
L1.pack(side=Tkinter.LEFT)
E1 = Tkinter.Entry(window2, bd=5)
E1.pack(side=Tkinter.RIGHT)
def buscarC_button_action2():
window3 = Tkinter.Toplevel(window2)
auxtext = Tkinter.StringVar()
aux = ""
plainText = Tkinter.Message(window3, textvariable=auxtext)
url = "http://www.sevillaguia.com/sevillaguia/agendacultural/agendacultural.asp"
page = recuperarhtml(url)
for result in filtrarEvento(page, E1.get()):
aux = aux + "Titulo: " + result[0] + "\nFecha: " + result[1] + "\n\n"
auxtext.set(aux)
plainText.pack()
window3.minsize(width=200, height=200)
window3.resizable(width=True, height=True)
window3.mainloop()
listar_button2 = Tkinter.Button(window2, text="ok", command=buscarC_button_action2, bg="blue")
window2.minsize(width=200, height=200)
window2.resizable(width=True, height=True)
listar_button2.pack(side=Tkinter.BOTTOM)
window2.mainloop()
top = Tkinter.Tk()
frame = Frame(top)
frame.pack()
AlmacenarButton = Tkinter.Button(frame, text="Almacenar Categorias", command=crawl)
ListarButton = Tkinter.Button(frame, text="Buscar Categoria", command=search)
SearchButton = Tkinter.Button(frame, text="Buscar Evento", command=evento)
AlmacenarButton.pack(side=LEFT)
ListarButton.pack(side=LEFT)
SearchButton.pack(side=LEFT)
top.mainloop() |
We’re basically all salespeople, in some form or other. There’s always a pitch to be made – whether it is selling a product, an idea, a service or a project. If you want to be successful, you need a compelling value prop to entice potential customers and expand your reach.
As authors, we have to be innovators. We need to figure out how to differentiate ourselves from the competition and capitalize on these distinctions in order to be effective.
Three key questions need to be answered in order to establish and solidify our positioning to potential readers.
1. What do we write?
Do you write about topics that are unique? Trendy? Exciting? Dismal? Newsworthy? Are there established audiences for these subjects who are interested in consuming different views/perspectives/ideas? Is the subject matter widely appealing? Or does the subject have only a small niche group of interested readers? What sets your work apart from all others?
2. How do we write?
Do you use special techniques to craft a manuscript? Does the writing entail a lot of research to satisfy a thirst for knowledge about a particular topic? What is your general style? Conversational? Informative? Snarky? Humorous? How do readers typically respond to your style? Is your style appealing to the masses?
3. Why do we write?
Herein lies the key. Why do you take precious time out of your days to write? Why is your subject matter special enough that it should demand attention? Why does your story need to be told? What is the perceived benefit of your work in the eyes of potential readers? What’s in it for them?
Answer all of these questions and you’ll set the foundation for your author brand. I know, it sounds easy in theory. In reality, it requires a tremendous amount of time and research. I’ve barely scratched the surface on all of this myself and there is always new information to uncover.
What I’ve outlined above is a tried-and-true methodology, and it makes sense if you think about it. Figure out what makes your work special and unique and find an audience who supports that belief. Form relationships with these people, get to know them, let them get to know you – as a person as well as an author. Spend the time to figure out what makes your offering so attractive and nurture your reader relationships to ensure that you are always delivering value. After all, the most important thing about writing is satisfying the needs and wants of your audience. Take care of them and they will (hopefully) return the favor. |
Creating rounded corners on images in InDesign CS4 or earlier is notoriously fiddly, especially if you want to add curves to not all of the corners. It’s much simpler in InDesign CS5.
Select an image box and click on the yellow box on the upper right side to begin editing the corners. Click on the yellow diamonds on any corner and drag to adjust the size of the rounded corners.
Holding Shift while dragging adjusts only the corner selected. Holding Option/Alt changes the corner style, with options from the bad (Inverse Rounded) to the hideous (Fancy). Please don’t do this.
- New layout tools including the Content Grabber, and quick frame rotation and image grid creation.
- Multiple page sizes in one document.
- Photoshop-style Layers panel.
- Export EPub interactive books for readers such as the iPad.
- Improved interactive tools. |
२०१८ मैं भारत मैं एक्सपेसिव रिचार्ज पावर बैंको।
१९ ऑक्ट २०१८ को भारत मैं सबसे महंगे {कैटेगरी_नामी) ख़रीदे। अधिकतम कीमत र्स. २,९९० हैं ! हमें सबसे कम कीमतें प्रमुख ऑनलाइन स्टोर जैसे फ्लिपकार्ट, स्नैपडील,पेत्म से प्राप्त हो रही हैं! अब आप आसानी से कुछ ही मिनटों मैं तुलना करके स्मार्ट शॉपिंग कर सकते हैं। इन प्रोडक्ट्स को ब्राउज़ करें, कीमतों की तुलना करें और उनका विवरण और समीक्षाएँ पढ़ें! प्रोडक्ट के चित्रो को देखें और अपने दोस्तों के साथ सबसे बढ़िया कीमतों को शेयर करें। भारत मैं सबसे लोकप्रिय और महंगा रिचार्ज पावर बैंको हैं रिचार्ज 5२700२ ली-पॉलीमर रिचार्जेबल २500 बैटरी (ग... जिसकी कीमत र्स. २,९९० हैं ।
रिचार्ज पावर बैंको की मूल्य सीमा हैं।
२ रिचार्ज पावर बैंको र्स. १,७९४ से ज़्यादा मैं उपलब्ध हैं। भारत मैं सबसे महंगा प्रोडक्ट रिचार्ज 5२700२ ली-पॉलीमर रिचार्जेबल २500 बैटरी (ग... हैं और यह र्स. २,९९० मैं उपलब्ध हैं। अब आप प्रीमियम प्रोडक्ट्स की सूची को देख कर उनकी कीमतों की तुलना करें और सबसे कम कीमत पर इन्हें ऑनलाइन खरीद कर स्मार्ट शॉपर बने। कीमतें सभी प्रमुख शहर जैसे मुंबई, नई दिल्ली, बंगलौर , चेन्नई, पुणे , कोलकाता, हैदराबाद , जयपुर, चंडीगढ़ , अहमदाबाद , एनसीआर मैं ऑनलाइन शॉपिंग के लिए मान्य हैं । |
This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:
written by researcher(s)
How frontotemporal dementia changes the brain
Around 55 million people worldwide suffer from dementia such as Alzheimer's disease. Recently, the actor Bruce Willis was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia, or FTD, a rare type of dementia that typically affects people ages 45 to 64. In contrast to Alzheimer's, in which the major initial symptom is memory loss, FTD typically involves changes in behavior.
The initial symptoms of FTD may include changes in personality, behavior and language production. For instance, some FTD patients exhibit inappropriate social behavior, impulsivity and loss of empathy. Others struggle to find words and to express themselves. This insidious disease can be especially hard for families and loved ones to deal with. There is no cure for FTD, and there are no effective treatments.
Up to 40% of FTD cases have some family history, which means a genetic cause may run in the family. Since researchers identified the first genetic mutations that cause FTD in 1998, more than a dozen genes have been linked to the disease. These discoveries provide an entry point to determine the mechanisms that underlie the dysfunction of neurons and neural circuits in the brain and to use that knowledge to explore potential approaches to treatment.
I am a researcher who studies the development of FTD and related disorders, including the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS. ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, results in progressive muscle weakness and death. Uncovering the similarities in pathology and genetics between FTD and ALS could lead to new ways to treat both diseases.
Genetic causes of FTD
Genes contain the instructions cells use to make the proteins that carry out functions essential to life. Mutated genes can result in mutated proteins that lose their normal function or become toxic.
How mutated proteins contribute to FTD has been under intense investigation for decades. For instance, one of the key proteins in FTD, called tau, helps stabilize certain structures in neurons and can form clumps in diseased brains. Another key protein, progranulin, regulates cell growth and a part of the cell called the lysosome that breaks down cellular waste products.
Remarkably, the most common genetic mutation in FTD—in a gene called C9orf72—also causes ALS. In fact, apart from the mutations in genes that encode for tau and progranulin, most genetic mutations that cause FTD also cause ALS. Another protein, TDP-43, forms clumps in the brains of over 95% of ALS cases and almost half of FTD cases. Thus, these disorders share close links in genetics and pathology.
The same genetic mutation can cause FTD in one patient, ALS in another or symptoms of both FTD and ALS at the same time. Remarkably, some people who carry these genetic mutations may have no obvious symptoms for decades.
One reason the same mutation can cause both FTD and ALS is that, in addition to lifestyle and environmental factors, other genes may also influence whether mutated genes lead to disease. Identifying these modifier genes in FTD, ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases could lead to new treatment approaches by boosting the activity of those that protect against disease or suppressing the activity of those that promote disease.
Modifier genes have long been a focus of research in my laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School. When my laboratory was still in San Francisco, we collaborated with neurologist Bruce Miller and generated the first stem cell lines from FTD patients with mutations in progranulin and C9orf72. These stem cells can be turned into neurons for researchers to study in a petri dish. My team also uses fruit flies to identify modifier genes and then test how they influence disease in neurons from patients with FTD or ALS.
For instance, in close collaboration with cell biologist J. Paul Taylor, my laboratory was among the first to discover a small subset of modifier genes that help transport molecules into or out of the nucleus of a neuron. We also discovered modifier genes that encode for some proteins that help repair damaged DNA. Targeting these modifier genes using gene-silencing techniques developed by Nobel laureate Craig Mello and other researchers at UMass Chan could offer potential treatments.
Treating behavioral changes in FTD
Because the brain is an extremely complex organ, it can be very difficult to understand what causes personality and behavioral changes in FTD patients.
Over the years, my team has used mice to study the causes of these changes. For instance, we found that the reduced social interaction we observed in mice engineered to have FTD is linked to two different disease proteins in the same part of the brain, suggesting that this symptom may be caused by defects in the same neural circuit. These deficits could be reversed by injecting a molecule called microRNA-124 into the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain that controls social behaviors.
Moreover, with my longtime collaborator neuroscientist Wei-Dong Yao, our labs found that mice with FTD have defects at the synapses in this part of the brain. Synapses are areas where neurons are in contact with each other and play an important role in transporting information in the nervous system. Recently, he found that lack of empathy in another mouse model of FTD could be reversed by increasing activity in the prefrontal cortex.
Further research to understand the molecular mechanisms and brain circuitry behind FTD offer hope that its devastating symptoms, including behavioral and personality changes, will be treatable in the future.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article. |
Hello there everybody ^^
It's been such a looooooong time I know but what should I do school -_-
Anyways, it's almost Valentine so HAPPY VALENTINE everybody ^^
I sort of made it in a hurry so it's not that good.
Nothing so special about it some textures, brushes and belnding effects ^^" |
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease. In resource-limited countries PAH outcomes are worse because therapy costs are prohibitive. To improve global outcomes, noninvasive and widely available biomarkers that identify high-risk patients should be defined. Serum chloride is widely available and predicts mortality in left heart failure, but its prognostic utility in PAH requires further investigation. Methods and Results In this study 475 consecutive PAH patients evaluated at the University of Minnesota and Vanderbilt University PAH clinics were examined. Clinical characteristics were compared by tertiles of serum chloride. Both the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to assess survival and predictors of mortality, respectively. Categorical net reclassification improvement and relative integrated discrimination improvement compared prediction models. PAH patients in the lowest serum chloride tertile (≤101 mmol/L: hypochloremia) had the lowest 6-minute walk distance and highest right atrial pressure despite exhibiting no differences in pulmonary vascular disease severity. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival was reduced in hypochloremic patients when compared with the middle- and highest-tertile patients (86%/64%/44%, 95%/78%/59%, and, 91%/79%/66%). After adjustment for age, sex, diuretic use, serum sodium, bicarbonate, and creatinine, the hypochloremic patients had increased mortality when compared with the middle-tertile and highest-tertile patients. The Minnesota noninvasive model (functional class, 6-minute walk distance, and hypochloremia) was as effective as the French noninvasive model (functional class, 6-minute walk distance, and elevated brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) for predicting mortality. Conclusions Hypochloremia (≤101 mmol/L) identifies high-risk PAH patients independent of serum sodium, renal function, and diuretic use. |
def main():
soma_salario_anterior, soma_salario_novo, salario = 0, 0, 1.0
while salario > 0:
salario = float(input("digite o salario dos funcionarios: "))
soma_salario_anterior = soma_salario_anterior + salario
novo_salario = calcSalario(salario)
soma_salario_novo = soma_salario_novo + novo_salario
print("Novo Salario R$ %2.f"%novo_salario)
diferenca_salarios = soma_salario_novo - soma_salario_anterior
print("Soma dos Novos Salarios R$ %2.f" % soma_salario_novo)
print("Dieferenca das somas dos novos Salario R$ %2.f" % diferenca_salarios)
def calcSalario(valor):
if valor < 3000.0:
salario = valor + valor * 0.25
if valor >= 3000.0 and valor < 6000.0:
salario = valor + valor * 0.20
if valor >= 6000.0 and valor < 10000.0:
salario = valor + valor * 0.15
if valor >= 10000.0:
salario = valor + valor*0.10
salario_reajustado = salario
return salario_reajustado
if __name__=="__main__":
main() |
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