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|Routes||Topical, Epidural, Spinal|
|ATC code||C05 D04 N01 S01|
|Mol. mass||264.363 g/mol|
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Tetracaine (INN, also known as amethocaine; trade name Pontocaine. Ametop and Dicaine) is a potent local anesthetic of the ester group. It is mainly used topically in ophthalmology and as an antipruritic, and it has been used in spinal anesthesia.
In biomedical research, tetracaine is used to alter the function of calcium release channels (ryanodine receptors) that control the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Tetracaine is an allosteric blocker of channel function. At low concentrations, tetracaine causes an initial inhibition of spontaneous calcium release events, while at high concentrations, tetracaine blocks release completely.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.
Tetracaine is synthesized from 4-butylaminobenzoic acid. The ethyl ester is formed through an acid-catalyzed esterification reaction. Base-catalyzed transesterification is achieved by boiling the ethyl ester of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with excess 2-dimethylaminoethanol in the presence of a small amount of sodium ethoxide.
- Györke, S; Lukyanenko, V et al. (1997). Dual effects of tetracaine on spontaneous sodium release in rat ventricular myocytes 500 (2). J Physiol. pp. 297–309.
- "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines". World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- Winthrop Chemical Company, Inc. U.S. Patent 1,889,645, 1932.
- O. Eisleb, U.S. Patent 1,889,645 (1932).
|This drug article relating to the nervous system is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
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More artifacts unearthed at site of Civil War prison in Georgia
The Yankee soldier, who had meager possessions, must have been proud of his ring and its distinctive diamond-shaped centerpiece.
Somehow, the size-11 ring was lost, discarded or left behind, only to be swallowed by the earth on a rise near Millen, Georgia.
Untouched by human hands for nearly 150 years, the ring recently was discovered by archaeology students who have unearthed more artifacts at the site of Camp Lawton, a Civil War stockade and prison.
The Georgia Southern University team is finding personal items that will help tell the desperate story of Union soldiers who tried to stay alive while food was scarce and disease rampant....
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Thank you for helping us expand this topic!
Simply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article.
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The topic Reveil is discussed in the following articles:
A liberal in his early years, he was converted about 1830 to strict Calvinist orthodoxy, becoming one of the pillars of the Réveil, a religious revival and antimodernist movement. In politics Groen provided the theoretical basis for the Dutch denominational political party system. He prepared the way for the foundation of the Anti-Revolutionary Party formed in 1878 by Abraham Kuyper,...
significance to Dutch culture
TITLE: Netherlands SECTION: Queen Wilhelmina and World War I
...of Impressionists displayed great gifts, only Vincent van Gogh, who spent most of his active life in France, achieved world reputation. Dutch literature ran parallel to main currents abroad; the Réveil early in the century was a movement of intensely religious romanticism with strongly conservative ideas, while Eduard Douwes Dekker (pseudonym Multatuli) in mid-century expressed the...
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Recently the New York Academy of Sciences launched Global STEM Alliance at the United Nations in an effort to bring students from across the globe together to solve world problems. NY1’s Adam Balkin filed the following report.
It is not just a problem in the U.S: getting kids to study the STEM subjects: science, technology, engineering and math. So in an effort to get all of the world’s students interested and working on solving world problems from global warming to hunger, through STEM, The New York Academy of Sciences has spearheaded the launch of the Global STEM Alliance, which it just unveiled at the United Nations with leaders from around the world.
“It’s a coalition of over 70 governments, schools, universities, NGOs from 50 different countries who have come together to increase access to great STEM education,” said Dr. Meghan Groome of the New York Academy of Sciences.
The Alliance will start by having one spot online for students to get involved with STEM projects, even help them find STEM internships. Students helping to launch the program say for their and the planet’s future, it’s imperative that their peers take advantage of opportunities like this.
“STEM is everywhere, STEM is everywhere we look and everywhere we touch,” said one student.
“It can help improve human’s lives in so many areas, ranging from smartphones to computers to like problems that we’re facing today like environmental problems, social problems,” said another.
Now, some of you might be thinking helping children from around the world is great but shouldn't organizations like the New York Academy of Sciences be focusing first on children in the U.S. who are having enough of their own problems getting into STEM subjects? Well, creators of the program say thinking of this as one giant, global competition is just an outdated way of thinking and frankly, counterproductive.
“Everyone pretty much feels panic about this the Singaporians feel panic about it and they’re doing the best job basically of everybody so in order to do STEM it really needs to be a global network, everybody needs to be working together so in terms of helping the competition, it’s not really a competition anymore for these kids it’s gotta be about collaboration and it’s gotta be about global networks of kids coming together to solve the world’s biggest problems,” said Dr. Groome.
This initiative will live online at GlobalStemAlliance.org.
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Latest Paul Bays Stories
You'd probably remember seeing a man with pink hair more than you could recall the guy walking next to him with brown hair. That's because our brains best remember attention-grabbing images, according to a new study. Previous research has implied an upper limit to the number of visual images a person can store in short-term memory, but a new study found that memory capacity is much more flexible. "Before people have had this idea that visual memory has a very simple limit:...
- A punctuation mark (/) used to separate related items of information.
- A little rod; a twig.
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Latest Khoisan Stories
April Flowers for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online Thousands of years ago, a genetic mutation occurred which might be the answer to how early humans were able to move from central Africa and across the continent. This movement has been called "the great expansion." Three teams of researchers, from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Medicine, have analyzed genetic sequence variation patterns in...
Some 220 individuals from different regions in southern Africa participated in the research that led to the analysis of around 2.3 million DNA variants per individual — the biggest ever Genetically, culturally and ethically the Khoe-San have something special to add to this world. The importance of this study is to put the Khoe and San heritage in the right place in history and this research will provide a genetic backdrop for future studies - Mattias Jakobsson. The largest...
- A cloth or covering, more or less ornamented, laid over the saddle or furniture of a horse, especially of a sumpter-horse or horse of state.
- Clothing, especially sumptuous clothing; equipment; outfit.
- To cover with a caparison, as a horse.
- To dress sumptuously; adorn with rich dress.
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Urbanites less focused
A study finds that city life lessens attention span.
During your morning commute you navigate traffic, scan the day’s headlines at a newsstand, dodge fellow pedestrians and look for the closest Starbucks.
And while you’re acknowledging stimuli, your brain is computing and disregarding all the useless material, too.
Such daily urban stimulation may cause an overall decrease in focus, suggests a study to be published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.
Researchers from the University of London’s Goldsmith College examined a very specific segment of Namibians: the Himba people. Himba are traditionally rural farmers. Some Himba have retained this way of life, while others have migrated to the city Opuwo, where their lives are largely westernized.
More from MSN Living: Crazy dating trends we hope go away
By comparing the attention spans of these two populations of Himba on designated tasks, researchers concluded that city life likely causes a cognitive load that favors “reduced attentional engagement.” Urbanites’ minds must compute more information, so they engage less devotedly with the specifics, in other words.
In the study, rural Himba were far better at tuning out distractions than their urban counterparts during an experiment where they were asked to identify arrows pointing in particular directions.
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To ascertain whether this phenomenon held across cultures, the researchers compared urban Himba brain patterns to Londoners’: they were remarkably similar.
While the researchers didn't conclude that city folk have inferior attention spans to country folk, they do report that, “the effect of cognitive load was indistinguishable from the effect of urbanization."
So it may be that life in the city isn’t faster, it’s just that your focus is in high demand.
Photo: Jasper James/Getty Images
inspire: live a better life
Getting to happy may be easier than you think.
Drowning in debt? Maybe there's a silver lining.
“But it’s not real life, you know. It’s a vacation.”
Nothing can stop a woman with a plan. Whether she's creating her own hair care line in a Brooklyn kitchen, like Carol's Daughter's Lisa Price, or leaving a modeling career behind to launch her own media empire, like Tyra Banks, it all starts with a dream.
Our list of must-dos before hitting the road.
Vacations are relaxing, yet sometimes stressful.
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The topic Sud Aviation is discussed in the following articles:
...makers were nationalized and combined into six companies according to their geographic locations. Through successive mergers and renamings, four of the six became two companies and then one, Sud Aviation, which was formed in 1957. The remaining two, following integration and amalgamation with a third partner, became Nord Aviation in 1958. Sud Aviation achieved great success...
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By Chris Clayton
DTN Ag Policy Editor
BARSTOW, Calif. (DTN) -- The vineyards, peaches and orange groves are gone from San Bernardino, Upland, Duarte and Pasadena, replaced by homes and concrete. The citrus associations dissolved a long time ago.
"There were orchards and vineyards that were everywhere along that stretch, but most of it is just gone," said Glen Duncan, who helped produce a historical book, "Images of America, Route 66 in California."
"A few people have old orange or lemon trees in their backyards, but that's about it," said Duncan.
Route 66 stretches across the high desert and through to valleys on the other side of the San Bernardino Mountains before blending into the weaving interstates and highways of greater Los Angeles. Any reflection of the old highway heading to Santa Monica Pier gets lost in the intensity of daily Los Angeles interstate traffic.
Farmers are becoming an endangered species in San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties. The counties were once known for their great fruit orchards. In the 1940 Ag Census, as the country was still coming out of the Great Depression that drove migrant workers to California agriculture, San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties combined for nearly 159,000 acres of fruit trees, as well as millions of grape vines. Almost all of that fruit production has disappeared in the area. The two counties now account for less than 7,000 acres in fruit orchards.
"When I was growing up, there were vineyards and orchards until you got to the foothills around Ontario," said Barstow dairy farmer Eldert Van Dam. "The land just got too valuable is what it amounts to. That's all been taken over by sprawl."
Most commercial agriculture along Route 66 effectively ends around Barstow and the Mojave Desert where at least some farms can still tap the underlying aquifer to irrigate alfalfa and feed the remaining area dairies.
Van Dam, 57, started on his own hauling hay for dairies in Chino, Calif., when he was able to finally develop his own dairy outside of Barstow. Van Dam's operation milks about 2,000 cows three times a day. He gets most of his alfalfa from a farm in Utah, about 350 miles away. "We import all of our feed. We don't grow any of our own. We have a little bit of pasture for dry cows, but that's about it."
Van Dam's father came from Holland in 1947 to work in southern California dairies. The outskirts of Los Angeles were filled with dairy operations, he recalled. "There was a lot of immigration from Holland back then in the Torrance, Cerritos and Artesia areas back then," Van Dam said. "It was called Dairy Valley back in the '50s and '60s. There were a lot of little dairies and processors until urbanization pushed it out."
You can still see remnants of past dairy or other livestock operations between Barstow and Victorville, but most of them have vanished. There used to be 200 dairies in the Mojave River valley, Van Dam said.
"This is a dwindling thing," Van Dam said. "The water issues are tough. California in general is tough."
FARMERS ARE GOING NUTS
Joe Harter, 59, grows mostly alfalfa and small grains on about 1,100 acres under pivot near Newberry Springs, about 20 miles southeast of Barstow along Route 66. His latest venture, however, is to try growing some pistachio trees.
Harter's latest potential venture may be a pistachio orchard. Marketers pitched to Harter to consider putting some land into the nut trees. It's a big decision that would effectively delay any revenue from a field for five years while waiting for the trees to mature.
"I know they think this would be a good area for it," he said. "They are anxious for us to put some pistachios in here."
By the same token, Harter noted he would have that much less hay to sell to area livestock and dairy producers.
Nut trees overall have taken off over the past decade or so in California. Acres for nut trees are up about 400,000 acres statewide, often at the expense of hay acres that have fallen by a comparable volume. Almonds, walnuts and pistachios are all in the list of top five exports from California, along with dairy products and wine. Pistachio sales have seen double-digit growth annually in both U.S. and Asian markets.
REGULATORY PRESSURES ABOUND
Van Dam lamented the regulatory challenges in California. He noted that when Gov. Jerry Brown cut state agency budgets, the agencies made up for shortfalls by raising fees.
"There's a guy standing at every corner trying to pick something out of your pocket," Van Dam said of California's regulatory scheme.
California regulations look at water usage, waste discharge and air quality. Farmers are awaiting regulations that could force them to phase out their tractors, equipment and trucks that operate with older diesel engines.
California is implementing regulations to reduce particle matter from diesel engines. Farmers for now are exempt, but will come under the law in 2023. By Jan. 1, 2015, farmers will have to sign up their vehicles with the California Air Resources Board to qualify for the current exemption.
"I'm not sure what's going to be coming down, but just on trucks, I have a 2005 diesel that I understand would be regulated," Harter said.
The easiest option may be to sell the vehicle out of state.
"We've been trying to replace tractors as we can with the newer engines. We don't want to get hit all at one time."
Then there are the inspectors. Van Dam laughed when recalling a state inspector who suggested the dairy could conserve water by not washing his cows so much. "This is a food product I'm making. We have to produce milk the best we can. No common sense."
He added, "You can whip a skunk with a stick, but did you really win?"
ADJUDICATION WHITTLES WATER RIGHTS
Harter used to send more of his hay to dairies in Chino, a Los Angeles suburb, but a lot of those dairies have gone away there as well.
"With the cities and the growth and everything that has gone on, a lot of the agriculture has gone down," he said.
For more than 20 years now, Harter and other area farmers have been wrapped up in court rulings over groundwater rights. The cities of Barstow and Victorville began litigating over big housing developments that would risk downstream flows along the Mojave River and aquifer recharge. A water agency was formed to oversee water rights. All irrigators were drawn into a lawsuit, which led to adjudication of water rights.
"We had to come in and prove our water rights by the water we have been pumping," Harter said.
Harter believed there was an underlying right to water. In the end, water rights were determined by the courts and everyone in the system had to reduce their irrigation by 20%. As the years have progressed, studies have concluded that the drawdown of water in the basin is still greater than the recharge, so the allocation keeps getting ratcheted down. The allocation now is down to 57.5% of the original water right.
"They want us to be in balance, so they keep telling us we have to reduce," he said. "They keep working us down."
The fear moving forward is that allocations could whittle down to about 35%. Lately, several organizations have come together trying to create a sustainability plan for the Baja basin. Farmers, along with the Mojave Water Agency, the Bureau of Reclamation and local USDA agencies, are each discussing what can be done to ensure farming remains part of the high desert economy.
"We're all trying to come up with ways to sustain the agricultural system," Harter said. "We're trying to make sure they don't shut this thing down so much that we're eventually driven out of business here."
Harter and other groundwater irrigators are about to get a new layer of oversight. The California Legislature in late August passed a new law giving the state the power to regulate groundwater. Under the bill, water agencies such as the Mojave agency must have plans to control pumping overdrafts. State officials, however, would now have authority to approve the plans and also step in if they think the local agencies aren't effectively regulating usage.
"Water is always going to be the big factor in growth here," Harter said. "It's tough because it's getting harder to protect your water rights."
Chris Clayton can be reached at [email protected].
Follow him on Twitter @ChrisClaytonDTN
© Copyright 2014 DTN/The Progressive Farmer. All rights reserved.
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Skip to Main Content
With space development advanced, the robot technology is essential expected to support astronauts. Presently, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Keio University is developing space robot, which can reconfigure and walk on space structures. During walking on space structures, the position and attitude of space robot must be stabilized, so powerful and compact hand is required. For this purpose a hand developed, which modularized is with four fingers, each of which has three joints, and two linear actuators. The mechanism based on the patent of THK Co. (# Pend. 2002-113681) is employed to reduce the actuators.
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Coal Mine Emissions Will Not Be Regulated by EPA
The Agency denies petition to set methane emission rules for coal mines
Back in 2010, EarthJustice filed a petition asking that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States roll out a legislation aimed at setting methane emission rules for coal mines up and running all throughout the country.What the petition was basically asking for was that coal mines in the United States be added to the Clean Air Act and that their activity be regulated so as to improve on their ecological footprint.
Only a few days back, EPA has decided to deny this petition on account of its lacking the resources and the money needed in order to implement the measures listed in it.
Although EPA's Administrator, Bod Perciasepe, had denied the petition on April 30, the Federal Register only published an announcement of the agency's decision this May 8.
“This action provides notice that on April 30, 2013, the Acting EPA Administrator, Bob Perciasepe, signed a letter denying a petition to add coal mines to the Clean Air Act (CAA) section 111 list of stationary source categories,” reads EPA's official statement on this matter.
“The agency denied the petition because the EPA must prioritize its actions in light of limited resources and ongoing budget uncertainties, and at this time, cannot commit to conducting the process to determine whether coal mines should be added to the list of categories under CAA 111(b)(1)(A),” EPA further explains.
According to Environmental Leader, coal mines are currently considered by many to be the fourth largest source of methane emissions in the United States.
Because of this, greenheads were not in the least pleased to hear that EPA had decided to deny this petition and not add coal mines to the Clean Air Act.
The same source informs us that both Rep. Henry Waxman and Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse believe that “modest” rules would be more than enough to cut coal mine methane emissions by as much as 24% and thus significantly improve on the industry's ecological footprint.
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If you woke up tomorrow, and your internet looked like this, what would you do?
Imagine all your favorite websites taking forever to load, while you get annoying notifications from your ISP suggesting you switch to one of their approved “Fast Lane” sites.
Think about what we would lose: all the weird, alternative, interesting, and enlightening stuff that makes the Internet so much cooler than mainstream Cable TV. What if the only news sites you could reliably connect to were the ones that had deals with companies like Comcast and Verizon?
On September 10th, just a few days before the FCC’s comment deadline, public interest organizations are issuing an open, international call for websites and internet users to unite for an “Internet Slowdown” to show the world what the web would be like if Team Cable gets their way and trashes net neutrality. Net neutrality is hard to explain, so our hope is that this action will help SHOW the world what’s really at stake if we lose the open Internet.
If you’ve got a website, blog or tumblr, get the code to join the #InternetSlowdown here: https://battleforthenet.com/sept10th
Everyone else, here’s a quick list of things you can do to help spread the word about the slowdown: http://tumblr.fightforthefuture.org/post/96020972118/be-a-part-of-the-great-internet-slowdown
Get creative! Don’t let us tell you what to do. See you on the net September 10th!
via Battle For The Net.
These are some materials for discussion in the 2014 Annenberg Graduate Fellows Microseminar convened by Aniko Imre and Virginia Kuhn.
“Teaching the Video Essay Assignment,” Cinema Journal Teaching Dossier Vol. 1(2) Spring/Summer 2013. Various authors.
Critical Commons: http://www.criticalcommons.org/ This is a media advocacy site run by a colleague; you upload clips that you use often in class and add some commentary making the fair use evident. It takes some effort but then you have them for good! You can use others’ clips too, and it makes a great class project to upload and annotate.
The Rhetoric of Remix, Transformative Works and Cultures, Vol 9, 2012. (Kuhn) This is a rationale for remix as digital argument. It’s one of my most cited essays so it might be helpful.
Nomadic Archives: Remix and the Drift to Praxis, from Digital Humanities Pedagogy, Open Book Press, January, 2012. (Kuhn and Callahan). Full collection available online: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/161 This is an overview and rationale for the trajectory of a foundational class. (For a graduate version with some examples, please see: Hacking the Classroom: Eight Perspectives and then “Kuhn” although all of these pieces are smart and useful.)
“Speaking with Students: Profiles in Digital Pedagogy,” (Kuhn, Johnson, Lopez) [PDF of the introductory text and the rubric attached. Published in Kairos and republished in a “best of” 2010 articles book]. A video-based rationale for students producing digital theses.
The YouTube Gaze: Permission to Create? (Kuhn) in Enculturation: A Journal of Rhetoric, Writing, and Culture. Special issue on Video and Participatory Culture, October 2010. Lists alternatives to YouTube.
From Pencils to Pixels: The Stages of Literacy Technology by Dennis Baron. A seminal articles that has influenced my thinking a great deal.
Filmic Texts and the Rise of the Fifth Estate, International Journal of Learning and Technology (done in Scalar: http://scalar.usc.edu/ ) (Kuhn) This is the first piece published in Scalar, which is a good option for using in class. It’s free and open source, created by academics for academic scholarship.
These stats, assembled by We Are Social, may not be exact, but certainly seem plausible.
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- Two types of GM crop are currently authorised for cultivation in the EU: an insect-resistant maize and a potato with modified starch content for industrial use.
- Neither of these is relevant or suitable for production in the UK.
- In 2011, the maize was grown on 114,490 hectares in 6 EU countries and the potato was grown on 17 hectares in 2 countries.
- Worldwide, in 2011 GM crops were grown by around 16.7 million farmers in 29 countries.
- The area grown has increased steadily year-on-year, reaching about 160 million hectares in 2011.
- This represents an 8% increase in the number of farmers and the area grown since 2010.
More top news
The Tonight programme investigates the tough reality of life for people with learning disabilities in this country.
The al-Bakrs were devastated after Israeli airstrikes killed four boys in their family, they are now waiting for news from the boat tragedy.
Zalkalns was jailed in his native Latvia for eight years in 1988 after he admitted killing his wife with a piece of electrical equipment.
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Ancient asteroid strike in Australia "changed face of earth"tags: impact events, Reuters, asteroids, Australia
SYDNEY (Reuters) - A strike from a big asteroid more than 300 million years ago left a huge impact zone buried in Australia and changed the face of the earth, researchers said on Friday.
"The dust and greenhouse gases released from the crater, the seismic shock and the initial fireball would have incinerated large parts of the earth," said Andrew Glikson, a visiting fellow at the Australian National University.
The asteroid was bigger than 10 km (6 miles) in diameter, while the impact zone itself was larger than 200 km (120 miles) - the third largest impact zone in the world....
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IN THE comedy film "Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls" the title character, a pet detective played by Jim Carrey, extolls guano as “an essential ingredient for the production of 84% of the world's organic fertilizer, a $1.4 billion industry.” Although the numbers do not quite add up, the benefits of animal waste cannot be overestimated. Records dating back to 1850BC suggest that Egyptian women used crocodile excrement as a spermicide. Tanneries in the Victorian era exploited the flammability of pigeon droppings and dog feces to soften animal hide, a prerequisite for making fine leather. During the 1940s German troops in North Africa experimented with camel dung to cure dysentery. Today, Indonesia is home to Kopi Luwak, the world's most expensive coffee extracted from palm-civet droppings, and in Bolivia, llamas' alkaline dung helps treat toxic water leaking from abandoned silver and tin mines.
It does not, then, come as a surprise that Mahima Mehra, a Delhi-based paper merchant, turned to elephant dung as a raw material. Ms Mehra sells paper, produced by her business partner Vijayendra Shekhawat, under the name Haathi Chaap, Hindi for "Elephant Mark". They stumbled on the idea during their visit to Amer fort in Jaipur. They observed that the clumps of roughage left behind by elephants ferrying tourists up to the fort bore a striking similarity to the raw fibre used in paper-making.
The idea is not wholly new. Paper producers in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, and even America have employed pachyderm poop to the same effect. Unable to chew, elephants consume food in large gulps. The salivary glands act as a lubricant which softens the coarse fare and aids digestion. But like all heavy non-ruminating mammals, they have trouble digesting cellulose, an organic compound which constitutes a third of all plant matter. Bacterial fermentation helps to break cellulose down in the digestive tract, but of pachyderms' average daily intake of 150kg or so of plant matter, about 60% passes right through.
Sure enough, Mr Shekhawat discovered that the resulting, fibre-rich dung is ideal for manufacturing paper. The elaborate production process begins literally in his own backyard where, one morning each week, he dumps a truckload of dung collected from the roadside. His family removes foreign objects like chocolate wrappers and cigarette foils. The dung is then washed thoroughly for about two hours in a large container. What remains is wet straw. (The washing water, which seeps into the soil, acts as a good fertiliser.) Next, the soggy substance is boiled for a couple of hours to disinfect it. (Hydrogen peroxide or caustic soda can also be used to kill bacteria, but it pollutes the water and harms plants, says Ms Mehra.)
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How can the U.S. bring democracy to nations abroad, like Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, Syria and the Ukraine, when we have no idea what it is at home? Is democracy just the simple act of voting?
Democracy is respect for the basic democratic organization of government. That means a legislature that asserts its duty to do the legislating and a chief executive who confines himself to administration. And all branches of government should know how to be sensitive to local home rule.
Democracy is the rich looking out for the poor and paying their fair share.
Democracy is equal justice for all, not special consideration for those who can pay for it.
Democracy is limited taxes, limited government, limited debt and limited foreign war.
Democracy is citizens going to public meetings, speaking out and exercising oversight of what is going on in government at all levels.
Democracy is business and financial leaders who are exposed to more than a one-hour lecture on ethics while in business school.
Democracy is an education system that gives all voters a broad knowledge of basic democratic law rather than just watching them be swayed by smooth-sounding, vote-buying slogans every four years.
Democracy is many strong, vital political parties electing people who represent a diversity of political opinion rather than, for example, the drab red and blue propaganda of two political parties.
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Forsyth Institute scientist Peter Jezewski, DDS, Ph.D., says that duplication and diversification of protein regions ('modules') within ancient master control genes is key to the understanding of certain birth disorders. Tracing the history of these changes within the proteins coded by the Msx gene family over the past 600 million years has also provided additional evidence for the ancient origin of the human mouth.
Jezewski published the study examining the Msx family that has ancient roots as a master control gene for patterned embryonic growth. Previous work identified mutations within the human MSX1 gene in two different birth disorders: either cleft lip and palate or skin derivative disorders ('ectodermal dysplasias') that include tooth and nail malformations. The mutations associated with the more severe clefting disorder are found within unique portions of the MSX protein, thus providing the first molecular explanation for this disease pattern. This work may eventually enable genetically susceptible families with environmental risk factors to prevent these common birth disorders.
Jezewski is a research associate in the Department of Cytokine Biology at the Forsyth Institute and an instructor, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. The Jezewski lab studies inheritance patterns of human oral-facial diseases particularly complex birth disorders as well as forms of aggressive periodontitis.
Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common birth defects. Both genes and environment contribute to this condition. "If we can learn more about genetic susceptibility of these families, we can start to examine how environmental factors, like maternal smoking, may contribute to their manifestation," says Dr. Jezewski. "This information could lead to recommendations for appropriate behavioral changes within families who are genetically at risk."
The research team performed a battery of evolutionary analyses on 46 Msx proteins from a diverse collection of animals, ranging from sponges to humans. This analysis identified human sequence variants in Msx likely to underlie disease, and indicated why mutations in the same gene can lead to either orofacial clefting or ectodermal dysplasias.
These clinical insights were gleaned from work demonstrating that certain portions of the Msx proteins have remained constant over extremely long periods of time (>600 million years) while other Msx protein modules had duplicated and then subsequently diverged within the duplicated Msx sister genes, a previously unrecognized avenue for the evolution of morphological innovation.
They say these observations will help to prioritize future clinical and functional research on these disease mutations. An outgrowth of these insights was the realization that the highly conserved protein modules that make up the Msx protein help to define a class of animal specific master control genes that each go on to specifically pattern the body plan of all modern animals.
This work was supported in part by research grants from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
The study, "Domain duplication, divergence, and loss events in vertebrate Msx paralogs reveal phylogenomically informed disease markers," was published in BMC Evolutionary Biology January 14, 2009. This research was led by Dr. Peter Jezewski at The Forsyth Institute, and was conducted with collaborators at Boston University, Drs. John Finnerty and Maureen Mazza.
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The Bible doesn’t directly explain why Christmas takes place in the winter. Was the Dec. 25 date really just a way to convert pagans? A story last year, republished below, examined the longstanding dispute about when and how to celebrate Jesus’ birth.
Here’s a thought for the harried among us who are unready for the arrival of another Christmas season: There was a time when some scholars argued that the holiday should be observed in the spring. Just imagine three more months of shopping!
It seems to us a matter of course that Christmas should come on Dec. 25. But over the past 2,000 years or so, the timing of Jesus’ birth—which, as the bumper stickers like to remind us, is the original reason for the season—has generated considerable controversy. In fact, there has been enough uncertainty about when to celebrate Jesus’ birthday that some Christians have chosen not to celebrate it at all.
The Bible offers little help in resolving the question: No dates are offered in the Gospel stories. There isn’t even a reference to the season of the year. Some readers have thought they detected a clue in the evangelist Luke’s mention of shepherds tending their flocks at night as they hear the news of Jesus’ birth. To some, this suggests not a December birth, but one during the spring lambing season, when the animals would be free to roam out of their corrals. But wait: Advocates for a December Nativity answer that sheep reserved for temple sacrifices would have grazed unfettered even in deepest winter.
Clearly, any dispute that hinges on knowledge of Middle Eastern livestock practices of antiquity is not going to be resolved easily.
Why should it matter? The earliest Christian writers were more interested in Jesus’ death and resurrection than in his birth. The oldest of the Gospels, Mark’s, makes no mention of Jesus’ birth. Later, Matthew and Luke offered extravagant detail—stars, wise men, mangers—but no specifics about timing.
This didn’t stop others from making their own guesses. The theologian Clement of Alexandria, writing around 200, mentions some of the dates that had by then already been proposed as the true date of Jesus’ birth. Spring Nativities were popular, with dates in May, April, and March being proposed. Dec. 25 is not mentioned as a possibility.
So how did we end up celebrating a wintry white Christmas? The church only settled on a Dec. 25 Christmas in the fourth century. The standard explanation is that the early church conflated its celebration of the Nativity with pre-existing pagan festivals. Romans had their Saturnalia, the ancient winter festival, and northern European people had their own solstice traditions. Among the features: parties, gift-giving, dwellings decorated with greenery.
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Know these essential literary terms?
c.1200, "to cry with short breaths," probably of imitative origin, related to Old English seofian "to lament," Old High German sufan "to draw breath," West Frisian sobje "to suck." Related: Sobbed; sobbing.
late 14c., from sob (v.). Sob story is from 1913. Sob sister "female journalist who writes sentimental stories or advice columns" is from 1912.
son of a bitch (1918+)
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John Quincy Adams' First State of the Union Address
|←James Monroe's Eighth State of the Union Address||First State of the Union Address (1825)
|John Quincy Adams' Second State of the Union Address→|
|Given 6 December 1825.|
Fellow Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
In taking a general survey of the concerns of our beloved country, with reference to subjects interesting to the common welfare, the first sentiment which impresses itself upon the mind is of gratitude to the Omnipotent Disposer of All Good for the continuance of the signal blessings of His providence, and especially for that health which to an unusual extent has prevailed within our borders, and for that abundance which in the vicissitudes of the seasons has been scattered with profusion over our land. Nor ought we less to ascribe to Him the glory that we are permitted to enjoy the bounties of His hand in peace and tranquillity — in peace with all the other nations of the earth, in tranquillity among our selves. There has, indeed, rarely been a period in the history of civilized man in which the general condition of the Christian nations has been marked so extensively by peace and prosperity.
Europe, with a few partial and unhappy exceptions, has enjoyed 10 years of peace, during which all her Governments, what ever the theory of their constitutions may have been, are successively taught to feel that the end of their institution is the happiness of the people, and that the exercise of power among men can be justified only by the blessings it confers upon those over whom it is extended.
During the same period our intercourse with all those nations has been pacific and friendly; it so continues. Since the close of your last session no material variation has occurred in our relations with any one of them. In the commercial and navigation system of Great Britain important changes of municipal regulation have recently been sanctioned by acts of Parliament, the effect of which upon the interests of other nations, and particularly upon ours, has not yet been fully developed. In the recent renewal of the diplomatic missions on both sides between the two Governments assurances have been given and received of the continuance and increase of the mutual confidence and cordiality by which the adjustment of many points of difference had already been effected, and which affords the surest pledge for the ultimate satisfactory adjustment of those which still remain open or may hereafter arise.
The policy of the United States in their commercial intercourse with other nations has always been of the most liberal character. In the mutual exchange of their respective productions they have abstained altogether from prohibitions; they have interdicted themselves the power of laying taxes upon exports, and when ever they have favored their own shipping by special preferences or exclusive privileges in their own ports it has been only with a view to countervail similar favors and exclusions granted by the nations with whom we have been engaged in traffic to their own people or shipping, and to the disadvantage of ours. Immediately after the close of the last war a proposal was fairly made by the act of Congress of 1815-03-03, to all the maritime nations to lay aside the system of retaliating restrictions and exclusions, and to place the shipping of both parties to the common trade on a footing of equality in respect to the duties of tonnage and impost. This offer was partially and successively accepted by Great Britain, Sweden, the Netherlands, the Hanseatic cities, Prussia, Sardinia, the Duke of Oldenburg, and Russia. It was also adopted, under certain modifications, in our late commercial convention with France, and by the act of Congress of 1824-01-08, it has received a new confirmation with all the nations who had acceded to it, and has been offered again to all those who are or may here after be willing to abide in reciprocity by it. But all these regulations, whether established by treaty or by municipal enactments, are still subject to one important restriction.
The removal of discriminating duties of tonnage and of impost is limited to articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the country to which the vessel belongs or to such articles as are most usually first shipped from her ports. It will deserve the serious consideration of Congress whether even this remnant of restriction may not be safely abandoned, and whether the general tender of equal competition made in the act of 1824-01-08, may not be extended to include all articles of merchandise not prohibited, of what country so ever they may be the produce or manufacture. Propositions of this effect have already been made to us by more than one European Government, and it is probable that if once established by legislation or compact with any distinguished maritime state it would recommend itself by the experience of its advantages to the general accession of all.
The convention of commerce and navigation between the United States and France, concluded on 1822-06-24, was, in the understanding and intent of both parties, as appears upon its face, only a temporary arrangement of the points of difference between them of the most immediate and pressing urgency. It was limited in the first instance to two years from 1822-10-01, but with a proviso that it should further continue in force 'til the conclusion of a general and definitive treaty of commerce, unless terminated by a notice, 6 months in advance, of either of the parties to the other. Its operation so far as it extended has been mutually advantageous, and it still continues in force by common consent. But it left unadjusted several objects of great interest to the citizens and subjects of both countries, and particularly a mass of claims to considerable amount of citizens of the United States upon the Government of France of indemnity for property taken or destroyed under circumstances of the most aggravated and outrageous character. In the long period during which continual and earnest appeals have been made to the equity and magnanimity of France in behalf of these claims their justice has not been, as it could not be, denied.
It was hoped that the accession of a new Sovereign to the throne would have afforded a favorable opportunity for presenting them to the consideration of his Government. They have been presented and urged hither to without effect. The repeated and earnest representations of our minister at the Court of France remain as yet even without an answer. Were the demands of nations upon the justice of each other susceptible of adjudication by the sentence of an impartial tribunal, those to which I now refer would long since have been settled and adequate indemnity would have been obtained.
There are large amounts of similar claims upon the Netherlands, Naples, and Denmark. For those upon Spain prior to 1819 indemnity was, after many years of patient forbearance, obtained; and those upon Sweden have been lately compromised by a private settlement, in which the claimants themselves have acquiesced. The Governments of Denmark and of Naples have been recently reminded of those yet existing against them, nor will any of them be forgotten while a hope may be indulged of obtaining justice by the means within the constitutional power of the Executive, and without resorting to those means of self-redress which, as well as the time, circumstances, and occasion which may require them, are within the exclusive competency of the Legislature.
It is with great satisfaction that I am enabled to bear witness to the liberal spirit with which the Republic of Colombia has made satisfaction for well-established claims of a similar character, and among the documents now communicated to Congress will be distinguished a treaty of commerce and navigation with that Republic, the ratifications of which have been exchanged since the last recess of the Legislature. The negotiation of similar treaties with all of the independent South American States has been contemplated and may yet be accomplished. The basis of them all, as proposed by the United States, has been laid in two principles — the one of entire and unqualified reciprocity, the other the mutual obligation of the parties to place each other permanently upon the footing of the most favored nation. These principles are, indeed, indispensable to the effectual emancipation of the American hemisphere from the thralldom of colonizing monopolies and exclusions, an event rapidly realizing in the progress of human affairs, and which the resistance still opposed in certain parts of Europe to the acknowledgment of the Southern American Republics as independent States will, it is believed, contribute more effectually to accomplish. The time has been, and that not remote, when some of those States might, in their anxious desire to obtain a nominal recognition, have accepted of a nominal independence, clogged with burdensome conditions, and exclusive commercial privileges granted to the nation from which they have separated to the disadvantage of all others. They are all now aware that such concessions to any European nation would be incompatible with that independence which they have declared and maintained.
Among the measures which have been suggested to them by the new relations with one another, resulting from the recent changes in their condition, is that of assembling at the Isthmus of Panama a congress, at which each of them should be represented, to deliberate upon objects important to the welfare of all. The Republics of Colombia, of Mexico, and of Central America have already deputed plenipotentiaries to such a meeting, and they have invited the United States to be also represented there by their ministers. The invitation has been accepted, and ministers on the part of the United States will be commissioned to attend at those deliberations, and to take part in them so far as may be compatible with that neutrality from which it is neither our intention nor the desire of the other American States that we should depart.
The commissioners under the 7th article of the treaty of Ghent have so nearly completed their arduous labors that, by the report recently received from the agent on the part of the United States, there is reason to expect that the commission will be closed at their next session, appointed for May 22 of the ensuing year.
The other commission, appointed to ascertain the indemnities due for slaves carried away from the United States after the close of the late war, have met with some difficulty, which has delayed their progress in the inquiry. A reference has been made to the British Government on the subject, which, it may be hoped, will tend to hasten the decision of the commissioners, or serve as a substitute for it.
Among the powers specifically granted to Congress by the Constitution are those of establishing uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States and of providing for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the services of the United States. The magnitude and complexity of the interests affected by legislation upon these subjects may account for the fact that, long and often as both of them have occupied the attention and animated the debates of Congress, no systems have yet been devised for fulfilling to the satisfaction of the community the duties prescribed by these grants of power.
To conciliate the claim of the individual citizen to the enjoyment of personal liberty, with the effective obligation of private contracts, is the difficult problem to be solved by a law of bankruptcy. These are objects of the deepest interest to society, affecting all that is precious in the existence of multitudes of persons, many of them in the classes essentially dependent and helpless, of the age requiring nurture, and of the sex entitled to protection from the free agency of the parent and the husband. The organization of the militia is yet more indispensable to the liberties of the country. It is only by an effective militia that we can at once enjoy the repose of peace and bid defiance to foreign aggression; it is by the militia that we are constituted an armed nation, standing in perpetual panoply of defense in the presence of all the other nations of the earth. To this end it would be necessary, if possible, so to shape its organization as to give it a more united and active energy. There are laws establishing an uniform militia throughout the United States and for arming and equipping its whole body. But it is a body of dislocated members, without the vigor of unity and having little of uniformity but the name. To infuse into this most important institution the power of which it is susceptible and to make it available for the defense of the Union at the shortest notice and at the smallest expense possible of time, of life, and of treasure are among the benefits to be expected from the persevering deliberations of Congress.
Among the unequivocal indications of our national prosperity is the flourishing state of our finances. The revenues of the present year, from all their principal sources, will exceed the anticipations of the last. The balance in the Treasury on the first of January last was a little short of $2,000,000, exclusive of $2,500,000, being the moiety of the loan of $5,000,000 authorized by the act of 1824-05-26. The receipts into the Treasury from the first of January to the 30th of September, exclusive of the other moiety of the same loan, are estimated at $16,500,000, and it is expected that those of the current quarter will exceed $5,000,000, forming an aggregate of receipts of nearly $22,000,000, independent of the loan. The expenditures of the year will not exceed that sum more than $2,000,000. By those expenditures nearly $8,000,000 of the principal of the public debt that have been discharged.
More than $1,500,000 has been devoted to the debt of gratitude to the warriors of the Revolution; a nearly equal sum to the construction of fortifications and the acquisition of ordnance and other permanent preparations of national defense; $500,000 to the gradual increase of the Navy; an equal sum for purchases of territory from the Indians and payment of annuities to them; and upward of $1,000,000 for objects of internal improvement authorized by special acts of the last Congress. If we add to these $4,000,000 for payment of interest upon the public debt, there remains a sum of $7,000,000, which have defrayed the whole expense of the administration of Government in its legislative, executive, and judiciary departments, including the support of the military and naval establishments and all the occasional contingencies of a government coextensive with the Union.
The amount of duties secured on merchandise imported since the commencement of the year is about $25,500,000, and that which will accrue during the current quarter is estimated at $5,500,000; from these $31,000,000, deducting the draw-backs, estimated at less than $7,000,000, a sum exceeding $24,000,000 will constitute the revenue of the year, and will exceed the whole expenditures of the year. The entire amount of the public debt remaining due on the first of January next will be short of $81,000,000.
By an act of Congress of the 3d of March last a loan of $12,000,000 was authorized at 4.5%, or an exchange of stock to that amount of 4.5% for a stock of 6%, to create a fund for extinguishing an equal amount of the public debt, bearing an interest of 6%, redeemable in 1826. An account of the measures taken to give effect to this act will be laid before you by the Secretary of the Treasury. As the object which it had in view has been but partially accomplished, it will be for the consideration of Congress whether the power with which it clothed the Executive should not be renewed at an early day of the present session, and under what modifications.
The act of Congress of the 3d of March last, directing the Secretary of the Treasury to subscribe, in the name and for the use of the United States, for 1,500 shares of the capital stock of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, has been executed by the actual subscription for the amount specified; and such other measures have been adopted by that officer, under the act, as the fulfillment of its intentions requires. The latest accounts received of this important undertaking authorize the belief that it is in successful progress.
The payments into the Treasury from the proceeds of the sales of the public lands during the present year were estimated at $1,000,000. The actual receipts of the first two quarters have fallen very little short of that sum; it is not expected that the second half of the year will be equally productive, but the income of the year from that source may now be safely estimated at $1,500,000. The act of Congress of 1824-05-18, to provide for the extinguishment of the debt due to the United States by the purchasers of public lands, was limited in its operation of relief to the purchaser to the 10th of April last. Its effect at the end of the quarter during which it expired was to reduce that debt from $10,000,000 to $7,000,000 By the operation of similar prior laws of relief, from and since that of 1821-03-02, the debt had been reduced from upward of $22,000,000 to $10,000,000.
It is exceedingly desirable that it should be extinguished altogether; and to facilitate that consummation I recommend to Congress the revival for one year more of the act of 1824-05-18, with such provisional modification as may be necessary to guard the public interests against fraudulent practices in the resale of the relinquished land.
The purchasers of public lands are among the most useful of our fellow citizens, and since the system of sales for cash alone has been introduced great indulgence has been justly extended to those who had previously purchased upon credit. The debt which had been contracted under the credit sales had become unwieldy, and its extinction was alike advantageous to the purchaser and to the public. Under the system of sales, matured as it has been by experience, and adapted to the exigencies of the times, the lands will continue as they have become, an abundant source of revenue; and when the pledge of them to the public creditor shall have been redeemed by the entire discharge of the national debt, the swelling tide of wealth with which they replenish the common Treasury may be made to reflow in unfailing streams of improvement from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
The condition of the various branches of the public service resorting from the Department of War, and their administration during the current year, will be exhibited in the report of the Secretary of War and the accompanying documents herewith communicated. The organization and discipline of the Army are effective and satisfactory. To counteract the prevalence of desertion among the troops it has been suggested to withhold from the men a small portion of their monthly pay until the period of their discharge; and some expedient appears to be necessary to preserve and maintain among the officers so much of the art of horsemanship as could scarcely fail to be found wanting on the possible sudden eruption of a war, which should take us unprovided with a single corps of cavalry.
The Military Academy at West Point, under the restrictions of a severe but paternal superintendence, recommends itself more and more to the patronage of the nation, and the numbers of meritorious officers which it forms and introduces to the public service furnishes the means of multiplying the undertakings of the public improvements to which their acquirements at that institution are peculiarly adapted. The school of artillery practice established at Fortress Monroe Hampton, VA is well suited to the same purpose, and may need the aid of further legislative provision to the same end. The reports of the various officers at the head of the administrative branches of the military service, connected with the quartering, clothing, subsistence, health, and pay of the Army, exhibit the assiduous vigilance of those officers in the performance of their respective duties, and the faithful accountability which has pervaded every part of the system.
Our relations with the numerous tribes of aboriginal natives of this country, scattered over its extensive surface and so dependent even for their existence upon our power, have been during the present year highly interesting. An act of Congress of 1824-05-25, made an appropriation to defray the expenses of making treaties of trade and friendship with the Indian tribes beyond the Mississippi. An act of 1825-03-03, authorized treaties to be made with the Indians for their consent to the making of a road from the frontier of Missouri to that of New Mexico, and another act of the same date provided for defraying the expenses of holding treaties with the Sioux, Chippeways, Menomenees, Sauks, Foxes, etc., for the purpose of establishing boundaries and promoting peace between said tribes.
The first and last objects of these acts have been accomplished, and the second is yet in a process of execution. The treaties which since the last session of Congress have been concluded with the several tribes will be laid before the Senate for their consideration conformably to the Constitution. They comprise large and valuable acquisitions of territory, and they secure an adjustment of boundaries and give pledges of permanent peace between several tribes which had been long waging bloody wars against each other.
On the 12th of February last a treaty was signed at the Indian Springs between commissioners appointed on the part of the United States and certain chiefs and individuals of the Creek Nation of Indians, which was received at the seat of Government only a very few days before the close of the last session of Congress and of the late Administration. The advice and consent of the Senate was given to it on the 3d of March, too late for it to receive the ratification of the then President of the United States; it was ratified on the 7th of March, under the unsuspecting impression that it had been negotiated in good faith and in the confidence inspired by the recommendation of the Senate. The subsequent transactions in relation to this treaty will form the subject of a separate communication.
The appropriations made by Congress for public works, as well in the construction of fortifications as for purposes of internal improvement, so far as they have been expended, have been faithfuly applied. Their progress has been delayed by the want of suitable officers for superintending them. An increase of both the corps of engineers, military and topographical, was recommended by my predecessor at the last session of Congress. The reasons upon which that recommendation was founded subsist in all their force and have acquired additional urgency since that time. The Military Academy at West Point will furnish from the cadets there officers well qualified for carrying this measure into effect.
The Board of Engineers for Internal Improvement, appointed for carrying into execution the act of Congress of 1824-04-30, "to procure the necessary surveys, plans, and estimates on the subject of roads and canals", have been actively engaged in that service from the close of the last session of Congress. They have completed the surveys necessary for ascertaining the practicability of a canal from the Chesapeake Bay to the Ohio River, and are preparing a full report on that subject, which, when completed, will be laid before you. The same observation is to be made with regard to the two other objects of national importance upon which the Board have been occupied, namely, the accomplishment of a national road from this city to New Orleans, and the practicability of uniting the waters of Lake Memphramagog with Connecticut River and the improvement of the navigation of that river. The surveys have been made and are nearly completed. The report may be expected at an early period during the present session of Congress.
The acts of Congress of the last session relative to the surveying, marking, or laying out roads in the Territories of Florida, Arkansas, and Michigan, from Missouri to Mexico, and for the continuation of the Cumberland road, are, some of them, fully executed, and others in the process of execution. Those for completing or commencing fortifications have been delayed only so far as the Corps of Engineers has been inadequate to furnish officers for the necessary superintendence of the works. Under the act confirming the statutes of Virginia and Maryland incorporating the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, three commissioners on the part of the United States have been appointed for opening books and receiving subscriptions, in concert with a like number of commissioners appointed on the part of each of those States. A meeting of the commissioners has been post-poned, to await the definitive report of the board of engineers.
The light-houses and monuments for the safety of our commerce and mariners, the works for the security of Plymouth Beach and for the preservation of the islands in Boston Harbor, have received the attention required by the laws relating to those objects respectively. The continuation of the Cumberland road, the most important of them all, after surmounting no inconsiderable difficulty in fixing upon the direction of the road, has commenced under the most promising of auspices, with the improvements of recent invention in the mode of construction, and with advantage of a great reduction in the comparative cost of the work.
The operation of the laws relating to the Revolutionary pensioners may deserve the renewed consideration of Congress. The act of 1818-03-18, while it made provision for many meritorious and indigent citizens who had served in the War of Independence, opened a door to numerous abuses and impositions. To remedy this the act of 1820-05-01, exacted proofs of absolute indigence, which many really in want were unable and all susceptible of that delicacy which is allied to many virtues must be deeply reluctant to give. The result has been that some among the least deserving have been retained, and some in whom the requisites both of worth and want were combined have been stricken from the list. As the numbers of these venerable relics of an age gone by diminish; as the decays of body, mind, and estate of those that survive must in the common course of nature increase, should not a more liberal portion of indulgence be dealt out to them? May not the want in most instances be inferred from the demand when the service can be proved, and may not the last days of human infirmity be spared the mortification of purchasing a pittance of relief only by the exposure of its own necessities? I submit to Congress the expediency of providing for individual cases of this description by special enactment, or of revising the act of 1820-05-01, with a view to mitigate the rigor of its exclusions in favor of persons to whom charity now bestowed can scarcely discharge the debt of justice.
The portion of the naval force of the Union in actual service has been chiefly employed on three stations — the Mediterranean, the coasts of South America bordering on the Pacific Ocean, and the West Indies. An occasional cruiser has been sent to range along the African shores most polluted by the traffic of slaves; one armed vessel has been stationed on the coast of our eastern boundary, to cruise along the fishing grounds in Hudsons Bay and on the coast of Labrador, and the first service of a new frigate has been performed in restoring to his native soil and domestic enjoyments the veteran hero whose youthful blood and treasure had freely flowed in the cause of our country's independence, and whose whole life has been a series of services and sacrifices to the improvement of his fellow men.
The visit of General Lafayette, alike honorable to himself and to our country, closed, as it had commenced, with the most affecting testimonials of devoted attachment on his part, and of unbounded gratitude of this people to him in return. It will form here-after a pleasing incident in the annals of our Union, giving to real history the intense interest of romance and signally marking the unpurchasable tribute of a great nation's social affections to the disinterested champion of the liberties of human-kind.
The constant maintenance of a small squadron in the Mediterranean is a necessary substitute for the humiliating alternative of paying tribute for the security of our commerce in that sea, and for a precarious peace, at the mercy of every caprice of four Barbary States, by whom it was liable to be violated. An additional motive for keeping a respectable force stationed there at this time is found in the maritime war raging between the Greeks and the Turks, and in which the neutral navigation of this Union is always in danger of outrage and depredation. A few instances have occurred of such depredations upon our merchant vessels by privateers or pirates wearing the Grecian flag, but without real authority from the Greek or any other Government. The heroic struggles of the Greeks themselves, in which our warmest sympathies as free men and Christians have been engaged, have continued to be maintained with vicissitudes of success adverse and favorable.
Similar motives have rendered expedient the keeping of a like force on the coasts of Peru and Chile on the Pacific. The irregular and convulsive character of the war upon the shores has been extended to the conflicts upon the ocean. An active warfare has been kept up for years with alternate success, though generally to the advantage of the American patriots. But their naval forces have not always been under the control of their own Governments. Blockades, unjustifiable upon any acknowledged principles of international law, have been proclaimed by officers in command, and though disavowed by the supreme authorities, the protection of our own commerce against them has been made cause of complaint and erroneous imputations against some of the most gallant officers of our Navy. Complaints equally groundless have been made by the commanders of the Spanish royal forces in those seas; but the most effective protection to our commerce has been the flag and the firmness of our own commanding officers.
The cessation of the war by the complete triumph of the patriot cause has removed, it is hoped, all cause of dissension with one party and all vestige of force of the other. But an unsettled coast of many degrees of latitude forming a part of our own territory and a flourishing commerce and fishery extending to the islands of the Pacific and to China still require that the protecting power of the Union should be displayed under its flag as well upon the ocean as upon the land.
The objects of the West India Squadron have been to carry into execution the laws for the suppression of the African slave trade; for the protection of our commerce against vessels of piratical character, though bearing commissions from either of the belligerent parties; for its protection against open and unequivocal pirates. These objects during the present year have been accomplished more effectually than at any former period. The African slave trade has long been excluded from the use of our flag, and if some few citizens of our country have continued to set the laws of the Union as well as those of nature and humanity at defiance by persevering in that abominable traffic, it has been only by sheltering themselves under the banners of other nations less earnest for the total extinction of the trade of ours.
The active, persevering, and unremitted energy of Captain Warrington and of the officers and men under his command on that trying and perilous service have been crowned with signal success, and are entitled to the approbation of their country. But experience has shown that not even a temporary suspension or relaxation from assiduity can be indulged on that station without reproducing piracy and murder in all their horrors; nor is it probably that for years to come our immensely valuable commerce in those seas can navigate in security without the steady continuance of an armed force devoted to its protection.
It were, indeed, a vain and dangerous illusion to believe that in the present or probable condition of human society a commerce so extensive and so rich as ours could exist and be pursued in safety without the continual support of a military marine — the only arm by which the power of this Confederacy can be estimated or felt by foreign nations, and the only standing military force which can never be dangerous to our own liberties at home. A permanent naval peace establishment, therefore, adapted to our present condition, and adaptable to that gigantic growth with which the nation is advancing in its career, is among the subjects which have already occupied the foresight of the last Congress, and which will deserve your serious deliberations. Our Navy, commenced at an early period of our present political organization upon a scale commensurate with the incipient energies, the scanty resources, and the comparative indigence of our infancy, was even then found adequate to cope with all the powers of Barbary, save the first, and with one of the principle maritime powers of Europe.
At a period of further advancement, but with little accession of strength, it not only sustained with honor the most unequal of conflicts, but covered itself and our country with unfading glory. But it is only since the close of the late war that by the numbers and force of the ships of which it was composed it could deserve the name of a navy. Yet it retains nearly the same organization as when it consisted only of 5 frigates. The rules and regulations by which it is governed earnestly call for revision, and the want of a naval school of instruction, corresponding with the Military Academy at West Point, for the formation of scientific and accomplished officers, is felt with daily increasing aggravation.
The act of Congress of 1824-05-26, authorizing an examination and survey of the harbor of Charleston, in South Carolina, of St. Marys, in Georgia, and of the coast of Florida, and for other purposes, has been executed so far as the appropriation would admit. Those of the 3d of March last, authorizing the establishment of a navy yard and depot on the coast of Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico, and authorizing the building of ten sloops of war, and for other purposes, are in the course of execution, for the particulars of which and other objects connected with this Department I refer to the report of the Secretary of the Navy, herewith communicated.
A report from the PostMaster General is also submitted, exhibiting the present flourishing condition of that Department. For the first time for many years the receipts for the year ending on the first of July last exceeded the expenditures during the same period to the amount of more than $45,000. Other facts equally creditable to the administration of this Department are that in two years from 1823-07-01, an improvement of more than $185,000 in its pecuniary affairs has been realized; that in the same interval the increase of the transportation of the mail has exceeded 1,500,000 miles annually, and that 1,040 new post offices have been established. It hence appears that under judicious management the income from this establishment may be relied on as fully adequate to defray its expenses, and that by the discontinuance of post roads altogether unproductive, others of more useful character may be opened, 'til the circulation of the mail shall keep pace with the spread of our population, and the comforts of friendly correspondence, the exchanges of internal traffic, and the lights of the periodical press shall be distributed to the remotest corners of the Union, at a charge scarcely perceptible to any individual, and without the cost of a dollar to the public Treasury.
Upon this first occasion of addressing the Legislature of the Union, with which I have been honored, in presenting to their view the execution so far as it has been effected of the measures sanctioned by them for promoting the internal improvement of our country, I can not close the communication without recommending to their calm and persevering consideration the general principle in a more enlarged extent. The great object of the institution of civil government is the improvement of the condition of those who are parties to the social compact, and no government, in what ever form constituted, can accomplish the lawful ends of its institution but in proportion as it improves the condition of those over whom it is established. Roads and canals, by multiplying and facilitating the communications and intercourse between distant regions and multitudes of men, are among the most important means of improvement. But moral, political, intellectual improvement are duties assigned by the Author of Our Existence to social no less than to individual man.
For the fulfillment of those duties governments are invested with power, and to the attainment of the end — the progressive improvement of the condition of the governed — the exercise of delegated powers is a duty as sacred and indispensable as the usurpation of powers not granted is criminal and odious.
Among the first, perhaps the very first, instrument for the improvement of the condition of men is knowledge, and to the acquisition of much of the knowledge adapted to the wants, the comforts, and enjoyments of human life public institutions and seminaries of learning are essential. So convinced of this was the first of my predecessors in this office, now first in the memory, as, living, he was first in the hearts, of our country- men, that once and again in his addresses to the Congresses with whom he cooperated in the public service he earnestly recommended the establishment of seminaries of learning, to prepare for all the emergencies of peace and war — a national university and a military academy. With respect to the latter, had he lived to the present day, in turning his eyes to the institution at West Point he would have enjoyed the gratification of his most earnest wishes; but in surveying the city which has been honored with his name he would have seen the spot of earth which he had destined and bequeathed to the use and benefit of his country as the site for a university still bare and barren.
In assuming her station among the civilized nations of the earth it would seem that our country had contracted the engagement to contribute her share of mind, of labor, and of expense to the improvement of those parts of knowledge which lie beyond the reach of individual acquisition, and particularly to geographical and astronomical science. Looking back to the history only of the half century since the declaration of our independence, and observing the generous emulation with which the Governments of France, Great Britain, and Russia have devoted the genius, the intelligence, the treasures of their respective nations to the common improvement of the species in these branches of science, is it not incumbent upon us to inquire whether we are not bound by obligations of a high and honorable character to contribute our portion of energy and exertion to the common stock? The voyages of discovery prosecuted in the course of that time at the expense of those nations have not only redounded to their glory, but to the improvement of human knowledge.
We have been partakers of that improvement and owe for it a sacred debt, not only of gratitude, but of equal or proportional exertion in the same common cause. Of the cost of these undertakings, if the mere expenditures of outfit, equipment, and completion of the expeditions were to be considered the only charges, it would be unworthy of a great and generous nation to take a second thought. One hundred expeditions of circumnavigation like those of Cook and La Prouse would not burden the exchequer of the nation fitting them out so much as the ways and means of defraying a single campaign in war. but if we take into account the lives of those benefactors of man-kind of which their services in the cause of their species were the purchase, how shall the cost of those heroic enterprises be estimated, and what compensation can be made to them or to their countries for them? Is it not by bearing them in affectionate remembrance? Is it not still more by imitating their example — by enabling country-men of our own to pursue the same career and to hazard their lives in the same cause?
In inviting the attention of Congress to the subject of internal improvements upon a view thus enlarged it is not my desire to recommend the equipment of an expedition for circumnavigating the globe for purposes of scientific research and inquiry. We have objects of useful investigation nearer home, and to which our cares may be more beneficially applied. The interior of our own territories has yet been very imperfectly explored. our coasts along many degrees of latitude upon the shores of the Pacific Ocean, though much frequented by our spirited commercial navigators, have been barely visited by our public ships. The River of the West, first fully discovered and navigated by a country-man of our own, still bears the name of the ship in which he ascended its waters, and claims the protection of our armed national flag at its mouth. With the establishment of a military post there or at some other point of that coast, recommended by my predecessor and already matured in the deliberations of the last Congress, I would suggest the expediency of connecting the equipment of a public ship for the exploration of the whole north-west coast of this continent.
The establishment of an uniform standard of weights and measures was one of the specific objects contemplated in the formation of our Constitution, and to fix that standard was on of the powers delegated by express terms in that instrument to Congress. The Governments of Great Britain and France have scarcely ceased to be occupied with inquiries and speculations on the same subject since the existence of our Constitution, and with them it has expanded into profound, laborious, and expensive researches into the figure of the earth and the comparative length of the pendulum vibrating seconds in various latitudes from the equator to the pole. These researches have resulted in the composition and publication of several works highly interesting to the cause of science. The experiments are yet in the process of performance. Some of them have recently been made on our own shores, within the walls of one of our own colleges, and partly by one of our own fellow citizens. It would be honorable to our country if the sequel of the same experiments should be countenanced by the patronage of our Government, as they have hitherto been by those of France and Britain.
Connected with the establishment of an university, or separate from it, might be undertaken the erection of an astronomical observatory, with provision for the support of an astronomer, to be in constant attendance of observation upon the phenomena of the heavens, and for the periodical publication of his observances. it is with no feeling of pride as an American that the remark may be made that on the comparatively small territorial surface of Europe there are existing upward of 130 of these light-houses of the skies, while throughout the whole American hemisphere there is not one. If we reflect a moment upon the discoveries which in the last four centuries have been made in the physical constitution of the universe by the means of these buildings and of observers stationed in them, shall we doubt of their usefulness to every nation? And while scarcely a year passes over our heads without bringing some new astronomical discovery to light, which we must fain receive at second hand from Europe, are we not cutting ourselves off from the means of returning light for light while we have neither observatory nor observer upon our half of the globe and the earth revolves in perpetual darkness to our unsearching eyes?
When, on 1791-10-25, the first President of the United States announced to Congress the result of the first enumeration of the inhabitants of this Union, he informed them that the returns gave the pleasing assurance that the population of the United States bordered on 4,000,000 persons. At the distance of 30 years from that time the last enumeration, 5 years since completed, presented a population bordering on 10,000,000. Perhaps of all the evidence of a prosperous and happy condition of human society the rapidity of the increase of population is the most unequivocal. But the demonstration of our prosperity rests not alone upon this indication.
Our commerce, our wealth, and the extent of our territories have increased in corresponding proportions, and the number of independent communities associated in our Federal Union has since that time nearly doubled. The legislative representation of the States and people in the two Houses of Congress has grown with the growth of their constituent bodies. The House, which then consisted of 65 members, now numbers upward of 200. The Senate, which consisted of 26 members, has now 48. But the executive and, still more, the judiciary departments are yet in a great measure confined to their primitive organization, and are now not adequate to the urgent wants of a still growing community.
The naval armaments, which at an early period forced themselves upon the necessities of the Union, soon led to the establishment of a Department of the Navy. But the Departments of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior, which early after the formation of the Government had been united in one, continue so united to this time, to the unquestionable detriment of the public service. The multiplication of our relations with the nations and Governments of the Old World has kept pace with that of our population and commerce, while within the last 10 years a new family of nations in our own hemisphere has arisen among the inhabitants of the earth, with whom our intercourse, commercial and political, would of itself furnish occupation to an active and industrious department.
The constitution of the judiciary, experimental and imperfect as it was even in the infancy of our existing Government, is yet more inadequate to the administration of national justice at our present maturity. Nine years have elapsed since a predecessor in this office, now not the last, the citizen who, perhaps, of all others throughout the Union contributed most to the formation and establishment of our Constitution, in his valedictory address to Congress, immediately preceding his retirement from public life, urgently recommended the revision of the judiciary and the establishment of an additional executive department. The exigencies of the public service and its unavoidable deficiencies, as now in exercise, have added yearly cumulative weight to the considerations presented by him as persuasive to the measure, and in recommending it to your deliberations I am happy to have the influence of this high authority in aid of the undoubting convictions of my own experience.
The laws relating to the administration of the Patent Office are deserving of much consideration and perhaps susceptible of some improvement. The grant of power to regulate the action of Congress upon this subject has specified both the end to be obtained and the means by which it is to be effected, "to promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries". If an honest pride might be indulged in the reflection that on the records of that office are already found inventions the usefulness of which has scarcely been transcended in the annals of human ingenuity, would not its exultation be allayed by the inquiry whether the laws have effectively insured to the inventors the reward destined to them by the Constitution — even a limited term of exclusive right to their discoveries?
On 1799-12-24, it was resolved by Congress that a marble monument should be erected by the United States in the Capitol at the city of Washington; that the family of General Washington should be requested to permit his body to be deposited under it, and that the monument be so designed as to commemorate the great events of his military and political life. In reminding Congress of this resolution and that the monument contemplated by it remains yet without execution, I shall indulge only the remarks that the works at the Capitol are approaching to completion; that the consent of the family, desired by the resolution, was requested and obtained; that a monument has been recently erected in this city over the remains of another distinguished patriot of the Revolution, and that a spot has been reserved within the walls where you are deliberating for the benefit of this and future ages, in which the mortal remains may be deposited of him whose spirit hovers over you and listens with delight to every act of the representatives of his nation which can tend to exalt and adorn his and their country.
The Constitution under which you are assembled is a charter of limited powers. After full and solemn deliberation upon all or any of the objects which, urged by an irresistible sense of my own duty, I have recommended to your attention should you come to the conclusion that, however desirable in themselves, the enactment of laws for effecting them would transcend the powers committed to you by that venerable instrument which we are all bound to support, let no consideration induce you to assume the exercise of powers not granted to you by the people.
But if the power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases what so ever over the District of Columbia; if the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; if the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several States and with the Indian tribes, to fix the standard of weights and measures, to establish post offices and post roads, to declare war, to raise and support armies, to provide and maintain a navy, to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States, and to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying these powers into execution — if these powers and others enumerated in the Constitution may be effectually brought into action by laws promoting the improvement of agriculture, commerce, and manufactures, the cultivation and encouragement of the mechanic and of the elegant arts, the advancement of literature, and the progress of the sciences, ornamental and profound, to refrain from exercising them for the benefit of the people themselves would be to hide in the earth the talent committed to our charge — would be treachery to the most sacred of trusts.
The spirit of improvement is abroad upon the earth. It stimulates the hearts and sharpens the faculties not of our fellow citizens alone, but of the nations of Europe and of their rulers. While dwelling with pleasing satisfaction upon the superior excellence of our political institutions, let us not be unmindful that liberty is power; that the nation blessed with the largest portion of liberty must in proportion to its numbers be the most powerful nation upon earth, and that the tenure of power by man is, in the moral purposes of his Creator, upon condition that it shall be exercised to ends of beneficence, to improve the condition of himself and his fellow men.
While foreign nations less blessed with that freedom which is power than ourselves are advancing with gigantic strides in the career of public improvement, were we to slumber in indolence or fold up our arms and proclaim to the world that we are palsied by the will of our constituents, would it not be to cast away the bounties of Providence and doom ourselves to perpetual inferiority? In the course of the year now drawing to its close we have beheld, under the auspices and at the expense of one State of this Union, a new university unfolding its portals to the sons of science and holding up the torch of human improvement to eyes that seek the light. We have seen under the persevering and enlightened enterprise of another State the waters of our Western lakes mingle with those of the ocean. If undertakings like these have been accomplished in the compass of a few years by the authority of single members of our Confederation, can we, the representative authorities of the whole Union, fall behind our fellow servants in the exercise of the trust committed to us for the benefit of our common sovereign by the accomplishment of works important to the whole and to which neither the authority nor the resources of any one State can be adequate?
Finally, fellow citizens, I shall await with cheering hope and faithful cooperation the result of your deliberations, assured that, without encroaching upon the powers reserved to the authorities of the respective States or to the people, you will, with a due sense of your obligations to your country and of the high responsibilities weighing upon yourselves, give efficacy to the means committed to you for the common good. And may He who searches the hearts of the children of men prosper your exertions to secure the blessings of peace and promote the highest welfare of your country.
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How financial incentives and cognitive abilities affect task performance in laboratory settings: an illustration
AbstractDrawing on Gneezy and Rustichini (2000), we illustrate that subjects' cognitive abilities seem at least as important for their performance as do financial incentives they face. Theorists should thus pay more attention to the ability aspect of cognitive production.
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by Elsevier in its journal Economics Letters.
Volume (Year): 85 (2004)
Issue (Month): 3 (December)
Contact details of provider:
Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolet
Other versions of this item:
- Ondrej Rydval & Andreas Ortmann, 2004. "How financial incentives and cognitive abilities affect task performance in laboratory settings: An illustration," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp221, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economic Institute, Prague.
- C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
- C91 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
- C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
- D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search, Learning, and Information
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Ignacio Palacios-Huerta, 2002.
"Learning to Open Monty Hall's Doors,"
2002-23, Brown University, Department of Economics.
- Smith, Vernon L & Walker, James M, 1993. "Monetary Rewards and Decision Cost in Experimental Economics," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, Western Economic Association International, vol. 31(2), pages 245-61, April.
- Smith, Vernon L, 1982. "Microeconomic Systems as an Experimental Science," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, American Economic Association, vol. 72(5), pages 923-55, December.
- Uri Gneezy & Aldo Rustichini, 2000.
"Pay Enough Or Don'T Pay At All,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press,
MIT Press, vol. 115(3), pages 791-810, August.
- Gneezy, U. & Rustichini, A., 1998. "Pay Enough - Or Don't Pay at All," Discussion Paper, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research 1998-57, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
- Wilcox, Nathaniel T, 1993. "Lottery Choice: Incentives, Complexity and Decision Time," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, Royal Economic Society, vol. 103(421), pages 1397-1417, November.
- Eckel, Catherine, 1999. "Commentary on "The Effects of Financial Incentives in Experiments: A Review and Capital-Labor-Production Framework."," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, Springer, vol. 19(1-3), pages 47-48, December.
- Camerer, Colin F. & Hogarth, Robin M., 1999.
"The Effects of Financial Incentives in Experiments: A Review and Capital-Labor-Production Framework,"
Working Papers, California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences
1059, California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Camerer, Colin F & Hogarth, Robin M, 1999. "The Effects of Financial Incentives in Experiments: A Review and Capital-Labor-Production Framework," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, Springer, vol. 19(1-3), pages 7-42, December.
- Smith, Vernon L, 1976. "Experimental Economics: Induced Value Theory," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, American Economic Association, vol. 66(2), pages 274-79, May.
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This week's book giveaway is in the Mac OS forum. We're giving away four copies of a choice of "Take Control of Upgrading to Yosemite" or "Take Control of Automating Your Mac" and have Joe Kissell on-line! See this thread for details.
Subclasses can access protected members by inheritance. So an instance of the subclass can access it's own protected member from the superclass, but it can't access the same member on a different object. Your example neatly demonstrates exactly what this means - line 27 compiles but line 24 doesn't.
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|Rank||Country||HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS|
|36||Central African Republic||130,000|
|46||Congo, Republic of the||77,000|
|65||Papua New Guinea||34,000|
|84||Trinidad and Tobago||15,000|
|139||Bosnia and Herzegovina||900|
Definition: This entry gives an estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS.
Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of January 1, 2012See also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS map
AHF Milestone: 350,000 People in 36 Countries Now Receiving AIDS Care and Treatment
Yahoo Finance - 9/26/2014 1:48:41 AM
“All of us at AHF are very proud to have reached this significant milestone and want to express our gratitude to the staff, partners, patients, supporters and all members of the AHF community around the world ... million living with HIV/AIDS worldwide ...
50m people living with HIV/AIDS in the world
Daily Times - 9/20/2014 9:22:36 PM
KARACHI: Senior Physician of Sindh AIDS Control Program (SACP), Dr Sikander Iqbal on Saturday said there are approximately 50 million people currently living with HIV/AIDS in the world and 25 million ... of HIV/AIDS in the country was still under one ...
Roche Bearer Share : Landmark HIV Diagnostic Access Program Will Save $150m
4 Traders - 9/29/2014 9:23:16 AM
With the aim of laying the foundation to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, the world has embraced a new treatment ... together to ensure that over 31 million people living with HIV/AIDS in low and middle-income countries will be able to access viral load ...
World leaders unite towards ending the AIDS epidemic among adolescents
UNAIDS - 9/29/2014 3:06:52 PM
AIDS ... young people living with HIV, called on leaders to reflect on their current efforts to prevent the spread of HIV among adolescents, and to invest more in the most effective interventions. Government representatives from around the world, including ...
HIV/ AIDS Cure & Treatment Update 2014
The Latin Post - 9/27/2014 2:04:48 PM
and it has claimed the lives of about 36 million people globally. But according to the UN, AIDS/HIV could be controlled by 2030 and ended "in every region, in every country." the AIDS conference in Australia is giving the world a view at many new ...
LANDMARK HIV DIAGNOSTIC ACCESS PROGRAM WILL SAVE $150M AND HELP ACHIEVE NEW GLOBAL GOALS ON HIV
Press Release Point - 9/26/2014 2:45:57 AM
Other partners in the DAI include the World Health Organization ... global partners who came together to ensure that over 31 million people living with HIV/AIDS in low and middle-income countries will be able to access viral load testing at this reduced ...
Roche launches Global Access Program for HIV viral load testing
Hispanic Business - 9/25/2014 10:13:56 PM
The Program is a key action step in response to the Diagnostics Access Initiative 1, which was launched during the 20 th International AIDS conference ... to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 35 million people living with HIV around the ...
Roche Launches Global Program for HIV Viral Load Testing
Drug Discovery & Development - 9/26/2014 10:02:37 AM
To support the Global Access Program, Roche has committed to expanding access to its COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test version 2.0 through a special pricing scheme for qualifying organizations in eligible countries ... patients living with HIV and AIDS.
PHL reaches 20,000 mark in HIV cases
Sun Star - 9/30/2014 8:53:27 AM
THE Philippines now has more than 20,000 people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 30 years since the first case was reported in the country. According to the August 2014 Philippine HIV/AIDS Registry Report, there are now 20,424 HIV cases ...
Tyne Daly, Chita Rivera and Jerry Mitchell Set for GMHC's A PART OF OUR WORLD Cabaret Honoring Terrence McNally Tonight
Broadway World - 9/29/2014 10:13:22 AM
"A Part of Our World ... around the country. About Gay Men's Health Crisis - Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC) is the nation's leading provider of HIV/AIDS care, prevention services and advocacy, serving nearly 9,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in New ...
HIV/AIDS Afflicts Migrants Living in Wealthy Countries
Voice of America - 12/1/2012 10:45:37 AM
To mark this year's World ... of people living with HIV has increased in the last 10 years in high-income countries in North America and Europe. The International Organization for Migration says migrants are particularly badly affected by AIDS in high ...
Why the United Nations is adopting Canadian scientist’s HIV strategy
Global News - 9/29/2014 12:07:54 PM
TORONTO – Make sure 90 per cent of people infected with HIV are tested ... Nations as the global authority’s strategy in its fight against HIV/AIDS. Countries around the world will be following these targets, put together by a Vancouver doctor who ...
It's National Gay Men's HIV/AIDS Awareness Day; Are You Being Treated?
EDGE Boston - 9/27/2014 4:53:37 AM
"A top prevention priority at CDC is making sure every gay man with HIV knows his status and receives ongoing medical care -- otherwise, we will never tackle the HIV epidemic in the country." To help achieve the goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy ...
HIV/AIDS Vaccine in Sight
TPM - 9/16/2014 10:28:47 AM
In 1987, a person diagnosed with HIV/AIDS was given six months to live. In 2014 ... the highest death rate in the country,” she said of her home state. She then closed the discussion by highlighting the struggles patients face when it comes to housing ...
World Aids Day: Living with HIV
The Independent - 11/26/2011 11:20:35 PM
the number of people living with HIV has reached a record 34 million. Thanks to antiretroviral drugs, which almost 50 per cent of people with the virus can now access, the number of Aids-related deaths around the world stands at 1.8 million a year – its ...
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||Fourth Grade Newsletter
Our Mission: At Shrine Catholic Grade School we try to exemplify Christ by praying, learning, and growing together.
FEAST OF St. Therese, Wednesday, October 1st. Mass @ 9AM.
PICTURE DAY October 3rd....wear your Sunday best!!!!
Week of September 29, 2014
Religion-This is a very special week in our school and parish. We celebrate the feast day of Saint Therese on Wednesday. Join us, if you can, for the All Schools Mass, where students from the Academy and High School join us to honor and celebrate her life. Students will view "Thérèse: The Story of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux". This movie shows the struggles Therese endured to serve God as she was called.
Students have also been reading and talking about God's plan for us. In our new Bibles, children read the parable of Jonah and the big fish, which we are all familiar with! It teaches the lesson, thousands of years later, that God has a plan for all living and non living things. Another lesson we discussed was that God loves EVERYONE, which means those we consider our enemies are loved. The Israelites, since they were the chosen ones, thought God should wipe out their enemies, yet God didn't. It was a lesson for them, too. We continue exploring God's plan this week and work on an illustration of our ultimate prayer space to talk to God!
Science-Students enjoyed their IPad quizzes last week! I printed out their individual reports and sent those home last week. Ask your student their results!
We wrap up fungi this week and move into the popular topic of animals. We'll discuss how animal adaptations enable them to meet their needs. We have a visit to the Science Lab near the end of the week to use a variety of "bird beaks" to pick up "food". Bird beaks are developed to specifically pick up certain foods. Which beaks work best for worms? Seeds? Water? We'll find out!
Reading- Our story this week is The Horned Toad Prince, a modern fairy tale. Students will be identifying the elements of fairy tales such as good & evil characters, royalty, magic, LOVE, and the numbers 3 & 7. Students will be exposed to a variety of fairy tales this week including some of the old goodies like Cinderella, Goldilocks & the Three Bears, The Three Little Pigs, and Little Red Riding Hood to see if the elements are found in these tales as well. Last week's Time for Kids focused on school dress codes, even in public schools. Our class discussion left us at about a 50/50 tie regarding whether dress codes should be set or not. We also read that Honey Nut Cheerios is the #1 selling cereal in the country and there is a 9:00 p.m. kid curfew being mandated in Baltimore, Maryland. Interesting stuff! We really love reading about current events in Time for Kids!
English- This week we will move onto studying, identifying, and using singular, plural, common and proper nouns in our writing. Students will also be writing their own narrative paragraphs with a grabber sentence.
MATH-The week of October 6th kicks off our annual IOWA testing, so all week long we will focus on strategies and review basic math concepts covered on the test. There will NOT be a chapter 3 TEST, but there will be a QUIZ on this material Thursday. There will not be the usual workbook pages this week either. Instead, your child will be assigned worksheets that cover a specific skill each night. We have been using the iPads in class to practice facts and telling time as we prepare for testing, but this week we'll also use the "clickers" as well. When I use the clickers, I format assessments and lessons to mimic the IOWA test. We'll review estimating, eliminating wrong answers, reading the questions carefully, and checking our answers in the IOWA format which will hopefully help your child understand expectations. If you are interested in helping your child prepare for the IOWA tests, I highly recommend accessing IXL Math on your computer. It is grade leveled and subject/topic specific.
SOCIAL STUDIES-Our Great Lakes projects adorn the fourth grade hallway and I have to say, I'm impressed with the effort and quality that went into these projects! We'll use much of this week reviewing MICHIGAN and the Great Lakes as we prepare for a test on Friday. We'll also spend time discussing the IOWA test and use the clickers to practice some IOWA-formatted questions. Reading maps, timelines, using scales, and interpreting graphs are an important skill tested. Why not help your child prepare by pulling out a map at home and asking a few questions about it? Or look at a graph in the newspaper and discuss what is being shown.
Mrs. Gmeiner, Mrs. Morrison, Mrs. Frechette
4th Grade Website
Shrine Catholic Grade School
Royal Oak, MI 48067
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Galen Clark, Mariposa Grove Cabin
April 12, 2013
Galen Clark was the first "Guardian" of Yosemite after the Yosemite Grant was signed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Clark persuaded lawmakers to protect the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias as well as Yosemite Valley for future generations. His impact was so influential that an iconic peak, Mt. Clark, was named after him. Here he is in 1904 at the age of 90 standing next to his Mariposa Grove cabin.
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Did You Know?
In Yosemite Valley, dropping over 594-foot Nevada Fall and then 317-foot Vernal Fall, the Merced River creates what is known as the “Giant Staircase.” Such exemplary stair-step river morphology is characterized by a large variability in river movement and flow, from quiet pools to the dramatic drops of the waterfalls themselves.
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nombre masculino/masculine noun
- 1.1 (fervor, entusiasmo) ardor (inglés norteamericano/American English) ardour (inglés británico/British English) [literario/literary] defendía su causa con ardor she defended her cause ardently o/or zealously trabaja con ardor he works with great zeal 1.2 (dolor) burning; (escozor) (América Latina/Latin America) smarting ardor de estómago heartburn
Find clear and straightforward guidance that will help you improve your Spanish grammar, pronunciation, and writing skills...
Mexico's muralist movement flourished between the two World Wars during a time of nationalist fervor. It was led by Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Their work reflected revolutionary themes and working-class struggle. They decorated many public buildings.
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earth axis shift
Earth changes and the pole shift - ning, Providing information and discussion about the earth changes, the pending pole shift, and how to prepare for this event.. Pole shift hypothesis - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, This article is about the hypothesis of pole shift in its historical context. for a description of the modern scientific understanding, see true polar wander.. Earth's equator after 40 degree axis shift (closeup) - youtube, Http://www.timelinetothefuture.com (science and research) http://www.ivanstein.com (creators website) http://www.projecttristar.net (sustainability.
Axis shift & epic global changes, Epic global changes & axis shifts: documented axis shifts; axis shifts cause historic tsunami's & quakes; rising sea levels, increased humidity. Explaining the earth wobble - earth changes and the pole shift, Most of us understand the mechanics behind the increasingly erratic weather earth is experiencing as the result of the magnetic influence of planet x in the inner. Earth's equator after 40 degree axis shift - youtube, Http://www.timelinetothefuture.com (science and research) http://www.ivanstein.com (creators website) this video illustrates approximately where the new.
Quake moved japan coast 8 feet, shifted earth's axis - cnn.com, Friday's powerful earthquake appears to have moved the main island of japan by 8 feet ; report: the 8.9-magnitude earthquake shifted the earth on its axis. Pole shift - when, where, and how - great dreams, Pole shift. when, where, and how. compiled by dee finney. updated -4-4-11,updated 3-10-12, updated 6-8-12. updated 3-31-13 , 4-1-13. Hollow earth, ufo,alien,pole shift,mars,et,crop circles,mont, Ufo,alien,pole shift,mars,et,crop circles,montauk,harrp,mahdi,quran,shadow gov,iran,iraq,russia,china,stargate,jesus, cloning,bible code, nikola tesla,time travel.
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The topic break flour is discussed in the following articles:
...grinding at this stage. The “chop,” the resulting product leaving the rolls, is sieved, and three main separations are made: some of the endosperm, reduced to flour called “first break flour”; a fair amount of the coarse nodules of floury substances from the endosperm, called semolina; and relatively large pieces of the grain with much of the endosperm still adhering to...
In modern milling of refined flours the wheat kernels are cleaned and tempered by the addition or removal of moisture and then split open by a pair of rolls. The finest particles, called break flour, are sieved out and bagged. Coarser particles of endosperm (called semolina) and pieces of bran with endosperm attached are then subjected to a series of rolls in which semolina of steadily reducing...
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Technology and Engineering - Electronics (1392 results)
Transmission of PowerPolyphase System
There are to-day thousands of waterfalls with millions of horse power of energy going to waste for lack of economical means of transporting such power to places of use.<br><br>Each horse power of work for ten hours for each working day requires, through a steam engine, about six tons of coal per annum, so that the development and utilization of these inexhaustible sources of power will be equivalent to the saving of millions of tons of coal each year, and will thus assist in solving the problem of conserving our enormous, but exhaustible, fuel supply.<br><br>The means for transporting this power and delivering it in suitable form for commercial uses is found in recent applications of electricity. Through the developments already made, electric energy is now available for lighting, for the distribution of power and for heating. The wide extent of its successful application to lighting, and the distribution of power are familiar to every one, and its utilization in heating bids fair to make this method a formidable rival of coal in the vicinity of water powers.<br><br>The introduction of successful methods of utilizing these natural sources of power will not only meet the present demands of cities within a suitable radius, but it may be safely predicted that there will be a rapid building up of industries in such localities, and a consequent shifting of centers of population, with also a development of industries which have heretofore lain dormant on account of the cost of power.
The Electric Circuit
Je 566 Apr 2 4 1911 Twie Preface. (.UThis pamphlet, together with the companion pamphlet entitled The Magnetic Circuit is intended to give a student in electrical engineering the theoretical elements necessary for calculation of the performance of dynamo-electric machinery and of transmission lines. The advanced student must be taught to treat every electric machine as a particular combination of electric and magnetic circuits, and to base its performance upon the fundamental theoretical relations rather than upon a separate theory established for each kind of machinery, as is often done. The first chapter is devoted to a review of the direct-current circuit, the next four chapters treat of sine-wave alternatingcurrent circuits, and the last two chapters give the fundamental properties of the electrostatic circuit. All the important results and methods are illustrated by numerical problems of which there are over one hundred in the text. The pamphlet is not intended for a beginner, but for a student who has had an elementary descriptive course in electrical engineering and some simple laboratory experiments. The treatment is made as far as possible uniform, so that the student sees analogous relations in the direct-current circuit, in the alternating-current circuit, in the electrostatic circuit, and finally in the magnetic circuit. All matter of purely historical or academic interest, not bearing directly upon the theory of electric machinery, has been left out. An ambitious student will find a more exhaustive treatment in the works mentioned at the end of the pamphlet. The electrostatic circuit is treated in accordance with the modern conception of elastic displacement of electricity in dielectrics. No use has been made of the action of electric charges at a distance, or of the electrostatic system of units. The volt-ampere-ohm system of units is used for electrostatic calculations, in accordance with Professor Giorgis ideas (see a paper by Professor Ascoli in Vol.
An Introduction to the Study of Electrical Engineering
Learn the basics of circuits, motors and switches with this in-depth introduction. Perfect for beginners! An Introduction to the Study of Electrical Engineering is a textbook authored by Henry Hutchison Norris. The book is written on the assumption that the reader has little technical knowledge of electrical engineering, but is equipped with a general understanding of the subjects examined. Norris' work would make an appropriate first textbook for a student new to the field of study. The book is divided into chapters, each of which provides a fairly detailed examination of a broad topic. Subjects covered include the history of electrical engineering, electrical circuits, the construction of electrical generators, electrical motors and their application, electrical measurements, and much more. The book concludes with a lengthy section of review questions, intended to provide the student with an opportunity to test their understanding of the subject matter. An Introduction to the Study of Electrical Engineering is an aptly titled work. The book serves as an excellent introduction to the subject matter, and remains approachable even by the layman. Readers interested in engineering and electronics are encouraged to consider adding this excellent work to their personal library.
How to Make a Motor or Dynamo
An electric motor is capable of appearing in as many different forms as a steam engine. To decide just what form is best adapted for amateurs and other experimenters is difficult to state. As soon as the builder starts, he must decide between a drum or a ring armature, high or low speed, bipolar or multipolar fields, salient or consequent poles; wrought or cast-iron field magnets, iron clad or other forms of magnetic circuits. The armature may be placed at the top, middle or bottom of the machine. If the constructor were to look in technical papers and books to decide which form to adopt, he would find himself in hopeless perplexity.
Wiring Houses for the Electric LightTogether With Special References to Low Voltage Battery Systems
A supply of electric current in the house for lighting, cooking, and for the operation of the laborsaving household appliances is no longer looked on as a luxury.<br><br>Electricity in the house is a necessity.<br><br>The wiring of the house therefore is a subject awakening vast interest and the second edition of this book has become necessary in order to keep abreast of the constantly arriving improvements in electrical work.<br><br>Although many farms and isolated dwellings are installing low voltage plants of their own, operated by a gasoline engine, there exists no reason why the wiring itself should not be as safe as that required for the higher voltage of the Public Service lines. Therefore, the directions in the succeeding pages are devoted to first class work only, and that suitable for all ordinary household voltages.<br><br>The rules of the National Board of Fire Underwriters have been freely consulted, an extensive digest with notes is given in a complete chapter of this edition.<br><br>In addition to practically all the information contained in the former edition, there has been added thirty-two new pages on conduit wiring and concentric wiring and a number of full-page plates.<br><br>Condulets and other fittings for conduit work have been described, together with BX armored cable and the handling of it.
Fundamental Principles of Electric and Magnetic Circuits
This book has been written as an introduction to the study of electric power machinery and transmission. The material contained in it is what the author considers to be the vital fundamental principles. It is intended for undergraduate students and therefore does not go as deeply into the physical and mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism as would be required for graduate study, nor does it include all the possible variations in conditions which might affect the application of the principles as laid down. These may be brought out in discussion and the student taught to think out some of them for himself.<br><br>The author desires to thank Professors F. D. Paine and F. H. McClain for valuable suggestions in the preparation of the book.
TransformersTheir Theory, Construction and Amplification, Simplified
It has often been observed by almost every member of the electrical fraternity, that induction, and its outcome, the transformer, is to the popular mind, the greatest mystery of the whole lighting system with which they come in contact.<br><br>There is something tangible about the dynamo. Its movement, and the applied power are apparent. The lamp glows, and its action is appreciable, but the transformer remains to them an uncanny mystery.<br><br>So too the average electrician whose training has long accustomed him to the management and application of the electric current, finds in the transformer as a rule, more points regarding which his mind is hazy and uncertain, than in any other one piece of apparatus with which he has to deal.<br><br>The greater part of the printed matter dealing with the transformer which has from time to time appeared, has been either strictly technical, or entirely popular.
Electric Furnaces in the Iron and Steel Industry
Electric furnaces and their use in the manufacture of steel and iron have been described in books by Borchers, Neumann Askenasy, and others. Their treatises have either described so fully the whole subject of electro-metallurgy that only a very small space could be allotted to electric iron and steel, or else, as in Nemnann svolmne, only a glance is given at the early experiments which were made when these furnaces were first introduced. Hence, there is need for a work thoroughly describing electric furnaces, which are designed only for the steel and iron industry. For practical reasons the book is divided into two parts, of which the first deals with all questions relative to the construction of these electric furnaces, and the apparatus used, while the other part takes up the practical use of electric furnaces in the steel mill and all its metallurgical reactions. While undertaking this work the authors were conscious of the diflSculty of describing each type of furnace entirely from personal observation. This diflSculty, however, confronts all who are similarly situated, as these electric furnaces have only recently been introduced into the iron trades and it is practically impossible to know each type from ones own experience. As both practical and theoretical men differ regarding the advantages of these furnaces for steel and iron making, it is not to be expected from this book that any one type of furnace is pictured as being better than any other type. Wherever possible, therefore, results are given which are based on actual experience, although much other material has been used. The Authors. Volklingbn, SaAR, I9Ii.
Electrical Machine DesignThe Design and Specification of Direct and Alternating Current Machinery
The following work was compiled as a course of lectures on Electrical Machine Design delivered at McGill University. Since the design of electrical machinery is as much an art as a science no list of formulae or collection of data is sufficient to enable one to become a successful designer. There is a certain amount of data, however, sifted from the mass of material on the subject, which every designer finds convenient to compile for ready reference. This work contains data that the author found necessary to tabulate during several years of experience as a designer of electrical apparatus.<br><br>A study of design is of the utmost importance to all students, because only by such a study can a knowledge of the limitations of machines be acquired. The machines discussed are those which have become more or less standard, namely, direct-current generators and motors, alternating current generators, synchronous motors, polyphase induction motors, and transformers; other apparatus seldom offers an electrical problem that is not discussed under one or more of the above headings.<br><br>The principle followed throughout the work is to build up the design for the given rating by the use of a few fundamental formulae and design constants, the meaning and limits of which are discussed thoroughly, and the same procedure has been followed for the several pieces of apparatus.<br><br>The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. B. A. Behrend, under whom he learned the first principles of electrical design and whose influence will be seen throughout the work; to the engineers of the Allis-Chalmers-Bullock Company of Montreal, Canada, and particularly to Mr. Bradley T. McCormick, Mr. G. P. Cole and Mr. H. F. Eilers; to Mr. A. McNaughton of McGill University for criticism of the arrangement of the work and to Mr. A. M. S.Boyd for assistance in the proofreading.
Principles of Direct Current Machines
This book has been prepared with the object of placing before junior and senior students of electrical engineering a reasonably complete treatment of the fundamental principles that underly the design and operation of all types of direct-current machinery. Instead of attempting to touch the high spots in the whole field of direct-current engineering, attention has been concentrated upon certain important features that are ordinarily dismissed with little more than passing mention, but which, in the. opinion of the author, are vital to a thorough grasp of the subject. For example, the book will be found to contain in Chapter III a full derivation of the rules covering armature windings (following Professor Arnold), in addition to the usual description of typical windings; Chapters VI and VII include a considerable amount of new material concerning the operating characteristics of generators and motors, the treatment being largely graphical and including the use of three-dimensional diagrams for depicting the mutual relationships among all of the variables; and in Chapters VIII and IX there has been developed a much more extensive treatment of the important subject of commutation than has been heretofore easily accessible to students of the type for whom the book is intended. In the selection and arrangement of the material dealing with commutation, care has been exercised to eliminate those minute details and excessive refinements that are more likely to confuse than to clarify. Although the methods of the calculus have been freely used throughout the book, a conscious effort has been made to give special prominence to the physical concepts of which the equations are merely the short-hand expressions; to this end, the mathematical analysis has been preceded, wherever possible, by a full and copiously illustrated discussion of the physical facts of the problem and their relations to one another.
Standard Tables for Electric WiremenWith Instructions for Wiremen and Linemen, Underwriters Rules, and Useful Formulæ and Data
Mr. Davis, and has been completed by other hands. Much that was alien to the purpose of the book has been discarded, and new material so extensively introduced as to render this a practically new work. The wiring tables have all been recalculated on a uniform basis and arranged in a more convenient manner for practical use. The object has been to produce a book for wiremen thoroughly reliable and practical in its data, and free from verbiage and padding. Preface To Fourth Edition. The new insurance rules of the Underwriters International Electric Association, which havebeen generallyadopted throughout the United States, and will, it is thought, finally supersede all others, have been substituted in the present edition. An important section has been expressly prepared for this edition on the calculation of alternating current wiring, which, for the first time, brings this subject within the reach of practical men.
Electronics What Everyone Should Know
In America today, in fact throughout the world, a word whose origin dates back many centuries has taken on a new and mighty meaning. It promises a future to eclipse the most fantastic scientific dream. We mean, of course, Electronics.<br><br>But what is electronics? What does it import to you as an individual?<br><br>Make a long-distance telephone call. Turn on your radio. Read a magazine. You are benefiting from the science of electronics, in its earliest and simplified forms.<br><br>The phone call and the radio are both dependent on electronics, and the magazine was probably manufactured or printed with the aid of electronic control.<br><br>Electronics is an art and an industry built around electronic devices and electronic tubes. These tubes and devices have special ways of putting electrons to work - electrons, those invisible particles existing in all matter, incredibly small, and capable of moving at unimaginable speeds.<br><br>Your home radio is an electronic device because it uses electronic tubes. These tubes can transform, control and amplify electronic energy. They can change a whisper into radio energy of many horsepower and send it out into space. They can dig infinitesimal voltages out of the air and fill your living room with music.
Protective RelaysTheir Theory, Design, and Practical Operation
In preparing a work of this nature, it will be realized that the subject is so broad and varied in its scope as to preclude an authors intimate personal knowledge of each and every system described. Attempt has been made to cover the subject from the first principles of Protective Relays to the protection of high tension net-works, the object being to make the work of value not only to the operator and tester who has a fair knowledge of electricity and is seeking more information, but also to the designer of the system who may find many points not previously taken into consideration in his calculations.<br><br>Consequently, many reliable sources of information were freely consulted and in several instances, passages were quoted verbatim from a booklet entitled "Performance of Instrument Transformers" and from "Protective Relays" which in turn was reprinted from an article by Mr. L. N. Crichton in The Electric Journal, Full credit is hereby given to the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company for such excerpts; also to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers for several paragraphs quoted from its June, 1919, Proceedings.<br><br>Some of this material has been published in the form of articles I by the author in Power, Power Plant Engineering, Electrical Record and Southern Engineer, and thanks are hereby given to their editors for permission to use the text and electro-types for illustrations.<br><br>The author also wishes to extend his thanks and appreciation- to Mr. F. A. Annett, Associate Editor of Power, for personal interest and assistance in the preparation of the work; to Mr. L. N. Crichton, Relay Engineer of the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, and writer of several articles from which much valuable information was obtained, who kindly read this manuscript, and offered many helpful suggestions and constructive criticisms; and to officials of the Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Company, the General Electric Company and the Condit Electric Company, for valuable assistance in procuring photographs for illustrations.
Electric Generators was written by Horace Field Parshall in 1900. This is a 397 page book, containing 96037 words and 235 pictures. Search Inside is enabled for this title.
Radio Simplified What It Is-How to Build, and Operate the Apparatus
It has been the purpose of the authors in the preparation of Radio Simplified to provide in non-technical language an explanation of radio with emphasis upon how it works, and to furnish simple and definite directions and suggestions for assembling and installing home radio equipment at small cost. They have endeavored to answer clearly and simply those questions which first arise in the mind of the novice and which they have found to be most frequently asked by students in radio classes.<br><br>Radio itself is introduced in a manner which removes the necessity for a preliminary course in electrical engineering. Technicalities are omitted unless they are to be put to some practical use by the amateur. Equipment which is suggested is that which is most easily obtainable and in many cases can be made at home. In every instance, definite and specific directions are given for hooking it up. Numerous picture diagrams accompany the circuits suggested, so that the novice may have no difficulty in fitting his equipment into the hook-up. A great number of good practical hook-ups are shown, especially for regenerative sets, in which the experimenter may use to advantage the apparatus he already owns, without purchasing additional equipment.<br><br>Considerable space has been given to the proper erection of aerials, to the end that they may give the best results and that they may be a protection against lightning rather than a fire hazard.<br><br>The advantages and the limitations of various hook-ups and types of sets are frankly discussed.
The Theory of Electricity
The Theory of Electricity was written by George Henry Livens in 1918. This is a 724 page book, containing 276794 words and 113 pictures. Search Inside is enabled for this title.
The Theory, Design and Construction of Induction Coils
Although the induction coil is one of the oldest forms of electrical apparatus, comparatively little progress has been made toward rendering its design an exact science. There are several reasons for this lack of progress, the most important of which are the following: The limited field of application, the method of rating by length of secondary spark, erroneous assumptions in the mathematical treatment of the theory, non-uniform performance of interrupters, and lack of instruments suitable for experimental study of the performance.<br><br>The field of application has within the past few years spread from the laboratory and lecture room to medicine, radiology, wireless telegraphy, gas-engine ignition, etc., so that to-day the induction coil is as much a commercial machine as is the electric motor. The constantly growing commercial importance of this type of apparatus and the lack of an exact and definite treatment of its theory and performance, determined the writer to undertake the translation of H. Armagnat's most excellent work.<br><br>In this work the author has recognized the extreme importance of the interrupter, and has devoted a generous portion of the work to the treatment of the theory, construction and operation of the various types now used. It is well known that the design of induction coils is almost entirely empirical, due to the lack of exact knowledge upon which a practical working theory can be based. H. Armagnat has done much toward clearing up the obscure points, and his work marks a decided advance toward the day when the induction coil will be calculated for a given service with the same assurance and accuracy.
A First Book of Applied Electricity
In this presentation of a few of the elementary principles that underlie the useful applications of electricity and magnetism, reference has been made to the manifestations of electricity which are most often met with in daily life, without first requiring the reader to survey aspects of the subject which, although of ultimate theoretical importance, are not the basis of the applications with which he is already acquainted. For this reason, it has been sought to make the reader familiar with electric currents and their various effects, pointing out how some of these are applied, before he is introduced to electrostatics; for it is considered more important for him to think in volts and amperes than in electrostatic units.<br><br>In a work of this size, it would have been impossible to enter into details of real electrical engineering practice without unduly restricting the outline of the principles involved.<br><br>Only the most elementary mathematics are employed, and the object has been more to help to give an understanding of principles than to provide the equipment for the exact calculations which will be of more profit at a later stage when those principles have been mastered.
Practical Electric Wiring
The object of this volume is to present to the student the practical side of electrical wiring. The endeavor throughout the book has been to furnish not only general information but sufficient special information to enable the student actually to install electric wiring. The subject is treated comprehensively from the method of distributing current by different systems to the minute details in wiring for and in installing the different fittings.<br><br>For the wireman or electrical contractor the wiring tables and data will form a ready reference and some of the practical methods for saving time and material may suggest a source of increased income.<br><br>Several important rules from the National Electrical Code have been given but the complete regulations have not been included as they may be had for the asking by applying to the National Board of Fire Underwriters in New York, Boston or Chicago. A special effort, however, has been made throughout the book to comply with. the rules contained in the 1913 edition of the code.<br><br>The author is indebted to Professor Louis D. Bliss of the Bliss Electrical School for many criticisms and valuable suggestions of an electrical nature and to Professor Robert J. Peters of Carnegie Institute of Technology for criticism and arrangement of the final copy.
Principles of Electrical Engineering
This text is the outgrowth of experience in teaching the principles of electrical engineering to students of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It aims to provide a substantial first course in the subject by presenting rigorously, and at the same time in understandable form, the really basic principles upon which modern electrical engineering rests. In furtherance of this purpose many problems and examples from current engineering practice are introduced. The book is not, however, to be mistaken for a complete condensed treatise on the entire subject. It is strictly a first course on the principles, and its study should be followed by detailed courses in direct-current and alternating-current machinery. Where-ever applications of the principles are introduced, they are for the purpose of illustrating these principles and rendering them real and alive to the student.<br><br>The book has the following special features, which we believe to be desirable:<br><br>1. The subject of the magnetic circuit has been stressed. It has been the common experience of teachers of electrical engineering that students beginning the subject find this a stumbling block. Much more space than is usual has, therefore, been devoted to this matter.<br><br>2. As a basis for explanation, the modern electron theory has been freely used. It has been found that this affords the most rational means of tying together the otherwise widely divergent principles with which the electrical engineer deals.<br><br>3. The subjects of thermionic emission, conduction through gases, electrolytic conduction and certain high-frequency phenomena have been included.
Problems and Solutions in Elementary Electricity and MagnetismEmbracing the South Kensington Papers for the Years 1885-1894
The object of this little book is to supplement the ordinary text-books and class-work, and to afford the student some information as to the method of answering examination papers clearly and concisely.<br><br>The recent extensive applications of Electricity in various industries have resulted in the adoption of a more systematic nomenclature than was previously in general use, and we have endeavoured, as far as practicable, to adhere to the more modern terms and expressions. There are, however, many such terms which are beyond the scope of the usual elementary course, and to adopt these, therefore, would tend rather to confuse the student than to assist him.<br><br>The student should carefully study the Original Questions which are given on the closing pages of this book: they will be found to cover practically the whole of the South Kensington Syllabus, and the student who can furnish satisfactory answers to those questions may be said to have a very fair knowledge of the rudiments of the science of Electricity and Magnetism. In applying knowledge to the solution of questions, a great deal depends upon the form in which the answer is stated, and every care should be exercised to ensure, not only that every point raised in the problem has been met, but also that no discursive or extraneous matter is introduced.
Problems in Alternating Current Machinery
These problems chiefly concern the theory of the operation of alternating current machinery, and are such as we give to the fourth year students in electrical engineering in this subject.<br><br>In each chapter the problems of a similar nature are grouped together, and those of each group are then arranged in the approximate order of their difficulty. The groups in each chapter follow each other in as logical an order as possible, both from point of difficulty and the presentation of the subject. In order that this collection of problems may be useful among different classes of students a large variety has been included, ranging from the very simple to those of considerable difficulty. Wherever it is essential the data have been taken from actual apparatus. This was possible through the courtesy of two of the large manufacturing companies. In some of the problems so few data are given that approximate methods of solution must be used, but care has been taken to so state them that the errors thus introduced need not be large. This lack of data is frequently met in practice.<br><br>It has been thought best not to give introductory paragraphs for each chapter as was done in the preceding volume of problems inasmuch as they would have to be of considerable length to be of much value.<br><br>The answers to the problems will probably be ready for publication in the fall of 1914. They will be available to all but undergraduate students at a nominal price. Undergraduate students can obtain them only on the recommendation of their instructors.
The Magnetic Circuit
This book, together with the companion book entitled The Electric Circuit, is intended to give a student in electrical engineering the theoretical elements necessary for the correct understanding of the performance of dynamo-electric machinery, transformers, transmission lines, etc. The book also contains the essential numerical relations used in the predetermination of the performance and in the design of electrical machinery and apparatus. The whole treatment is based upon a very few fundamental facts and assumptions. The student must be taught to treat every electric machine as a particular combination of electric and magnetic circuits, and to base its performance upon the fundamental electromagnetic relations rather than upon a separate theory established for each kind of machinery, as is sometimes done. The book is not intended for a beginner, but for a student who has had an elementary descriptive course in electrical engineering and some simple laboratory experiments. The treatment is somewhat different from that given in most other books dealing with magnetic phenomena. It is based directly upon the circuital relation, or interlinkage, between an electric current and the magnetic flux produced by it. This relation, and the law of induced electromotive force, are taken to be the fundamental phenomena of electro-magnetism. No use whatever is made of the usual artificial concepts of unit pole, magnetic charge, magnetic shell, etc. These concepts of mathematical physics, together with the law of inverse squares, embody the theory of action at a distance, and are both superfluous and misleading from the modem point of view of a continuous action in the medium itself. The ampere-ohm system of units is used throughout, in accordance with Professor Giorgis ideas, as is explained in the oQ 4.
The Design of Static Transformers
The present treatise is exclusively of a practical nature. It constitutes, however, merely a brief introduction to the practical aspects of transformer design and construction. If the reader has not already acquired a knowledge of the theory underlying the subject, he could not do better than to study either Prof. Gisbert Kapp's "Transformers," or Prof. J. A. Fleming's "The Alternate-current Transformer." In spite of the ten years which have intervened since the publication of the last edition of the latter work, it still remains, in my opinion, one of the very clearest expositions of the theory of the transformer. My own work in this field, so far as it is set forth in the present volume, simply deals with the application to practice of the theory so admirably set forth by Profs. Fleming and Kapp in the excellent treatises to which I have referred. Although remarkably few books have been written on transformers, nevertheless there exists a fairly extensive literature on the subject, but it is in the form of articles and papers. Amongst the most noteworthy recent contributions may be mentioned the paper by Messrs. A. P. M. Fleming and K. M. Faye-Hansen, which was read in November, 1908, at the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and the paper read in June, 1909, by Mr. E. G. Reed, at the Thirty-second Annual Convention of the National Electric Light Association.<br><br>A perusal of my treatise entitled "Electricity" (Constable & Co., London, 1910), will assist to an understanding of the terms "power factor." "inductance," "reactance" and "impedance," if the reader is not already clear as to the meaning of these terms.
A Course in Electrical Engineering Direct Currents
For some time past the editors of the McGraw-Hill Electrical Engineering Texts have experienced a demand for a comprehensive text covering in a simple manner the general field of Electrical Engineering Accordingly, these two volumes were written at their request, after the scope and general character of the two volumes had been carefully considered.<br><br>As the title implies, the books begin with the most elementary conceptions of magnetism and current-flow and gradually advance to a more or less thorough discussion of the many types of direct and alternating current machinery, transmission devices, etc., which are met in practice. These two books are intended for Electrical Engineering students as a stepping stone to the more advanced Electrical Engineering Texts which are already a part of the series.<br><br>These two volumes should be useful also to students not planning to specialize in the electrical engineering field, who are taking courses in Electrical Engineering as a part of their general training. Such men often find difficulty in obtaining detailed and straightforward discussions of the subject in any one text and the brevity of their course does not give them time to assimilate fragmentary information obtainable only by consulting a number of references. Men taking foremen sand industrial courses in Electrical Engineering, which as a rule are carried on only in the evening, require text books sufficiently comprehensive, but at the same time not involving much mathematical analysis. Ordinarily, this type of student does not have ready access to reference libraries and is usually out of contact with his instructors except during the short time available for class-room work. In preparing this work the needs of the foregoing types of students have been carefully kept in mind and as a result, a liberal use of figures and illustrative problems has been made.
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Definition: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of January 1, 2012See also: Infant mortality rate map
What Milwaukee can learn from poor countries on infant mortality
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel - 9/16/2014 3:04:58 AM
Expansive new research in some of the poorest countries of the world has uncovered specific interventions and advances that are helping them reduce maternal and child mortality. Milwaukee's infant mortality rate is worse than that in some Third World ...
Child Mortality Falling, U.N. Says, but Not Fast Enough
New York Times - 9/16/2014 10:43:06 AM
Nearly all of the countries with the highest mortality rates are in Africa, the report said, and two countries that are among the world’s most populous ... “The data clearly demonstrate that an infant’s chances of survival increase dramatically ...
Death rates down, but world lags in meeting goal of sharply reducing child mortality by 2015
Vancouver Desi South Asian news - 9/16/2014 11:40:22 AM
WASHINGTON — More of the world’s children are surviving to ... It found that eight of the 60 countries with particularly high child mortality had lowered their rates by more than two-thirds since 1990: Malawi, Bangladesh, Liberia, Tanzania, Ethiopia ...
Ohio's infant mortality rate among highest in nation
The Morning Journal - 9/15/2014 11:20:05 AM
“Ohio had the highest infant mortality rates in the country,” said the Rev. Tim Williams, president of the Lorain City School Board. “Ohio isn’t first at anything. What we’ve found is it does correlate to educational disparity and economic disparity.
Child mortality drops in 2013: UN
Rappler - 9/16/2014 12:09:00 PM
Eight countries have succeeded in slashing their child mortality rates by at least two-thirds since 1990: Malawi, Bangladesh, Liberia, Tanzania, Ethiopia, East Timor, Niger and Eritrea. Still, a child born in Angola, which has the world's highest child ...
Fastest decline in child mortality rates witnessed
m.thehindu.com - 9/16/2014 1:13:26 PM
New data released today (September 16) by the United Nations Organisation show that under-five mortality rates have dropped by 49 per cent ... there are still 17,000 child deaths every day in the world. The neonatal period (0-27 days) is the most ...
‘Turn trials into triumphs’: Speaker shares message of survival at infant mortality awareness event
Times and Democrat - 9/16/2014 5:56:46 AM
The world needs our ... slightly from the 2011 rate of 7.4. Health disparities can also be seen in data from the Low Country Healthy Start service region. FSLC Director Virginia Berry White said in addition to infant mortality, the agency is concerned ...
Almost half of child deaths occur in first month of life, UN estimates
theguardian.com - 9/16/2014 1:06:16 PM
However, the pace of change has accelerated over recent years, according to the Levels and trends in child mortality ... has the world’s highest rate – 92 deaths per 1,000 live births; almost 15 times the average rate in high-income countries.
Shelby County has highest infant mortality rate in Tennessee
WREG - 9/3/2014 7:33:55 PM
MEMPHIS , Tenn. — Shelby County has the highest infant mortality rate in the state. “We are much higher than the rest of the state, and also there are parts of the country, and the world,” Dr. Helen Morrow, health officer with the Shelby County ...
UN: child mortality rates drop
Independent Online - 9/16/2014 1:06:16 PM
Mortality rates of children under the age of five are now dropping ... “There is now a gathering momentum from countries in every part of the world to make sure proven, cost effective interventions are applied where they will save the most lives ...
More children live to age 5, work still to be done
The Seattle Times - 9/16/2014 1:13:26 PM
The world's highest rate of child mortality was in ... families may swaddle the infant rather than letting mom's body warm the baby and, by resting on her chest, allowing for breastfeeding on demand. How do poor countries take the steps needed to lower ...
Why is the infant mortality rate in St. Petersburg so high?
MyFox Tampa Bay - 9/12/2014 4:38:36 PM
"It is shocking, and it's sad that in a country where we're so developed and a county where we have so many resources and so many people looking at this issue, that we still have high infant mortality rates," Dr. Sheila Devanesan told FOX 13 News.
Brazil Shows How To Slash Infant Mortality Rates: With Breast Milk Banks Instead Of Formula
The Inquisitr - 9/5/2014 11:56:24 PM
The nation of Brazil has reduced their infant mortality rate by more than two-thirds since 1985 — by ... They have the largest network of breast milk donor banks in the world, and babies are benefiting. “This is one of the most beautiful things in ...
Proposed program is designed to improve Ohio’s infant mortality rate
The Daily Reporter - 9/15/2014 3:41:57 AM
“At 6.11 per 1,000 live births, the United States’ infant mortality rate is worse than many developed countries. Ohio, however, is worse than the country’s overall rate at 7.9 per 1,000 live births,” Jones said. “That puts us at 48th in the 50 state
US Infant Mortality Rate Higher Than Other Wealthy Countries
The Huffington Post - 6/25/2012 12:06:49 PM
... and compare only the infant mortality rate of Caucasian Americans, our ranking versus the competitor countries is unaffected. Infant mortality is just one of many metrics where the US used to be a world leader and has slipped in the last few decades.
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Carbon monoxide monitoring should be a formal process during any fire incident. It should include assessment and use of rehabilitation tags.
The Effect of Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide can affect firefighters throughout an incident, not just during initial fire operations. Photo Michael Coppola
The goal of rehab is to protect our most valuable asset—our personnel. Photo Michael Coppola
Environmentally Controlled Area
A formal, environmentally controlled area and assessment process ensures dangerous CO levels and cardiovascular abnormalities aren't missed. Photo Michael Coppola
Oxygen therapy should be started as early as possible on firefighters and others exposed to carbon monoxide. Photo Michael Coppola
The use of rehabilitation tags ensures that each firefighter is assessed, hydrated and monitored appropriately. Photo Chris Swabb
Today's Featured Posts
EMS Airway Clinic
Simulation is an educational tool that can be used to develop and refine clinical skills of the student in a controlled environment before they progress to becoming practicing clinicians.
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Major Cities of Canada Teacher Resources
Find Major Cities of Canada educational ideas and activities
Showing 1 - 20 of 69 resources
Canada's Territorial Instincts
Students examine a map of Canada, differentiating among the provinces and territories. They explore the new Nunavut territory and its leader by reading and discussing "In New Land of Eskimos, a New Chief Offers Hope."
6th - 12th Social Studies & History 3 Views 3 Downloads
Provinces and Capitals of Canada
Students locate Canadian provinces, territories and capital cities. They access the Atlas of Canada website along with other printed resources and use the information to locate, identify and label a map of Canada.
4th - 5th Social Studies & History 12 Views 76 Downloads
Geographical Pursuit in Canada
Young scholars participate in a game designed to introduce them to basic geography facts about Canada and it Pacific and Atlantic neighbors. They access current information on the Atlas of Canada website and complete a worksheet.
6th - 8th Social Studies & History 8 Views 120 Downloads
Canada Eh? Pre/Post Tests on Canada Using GPS
Students participate in a GPS activity and answer questions about Canada. In this Canada lesson, students identify location by using a GPS Unit and latitude and longitude. Students find an Inuksuk (station) and a complete worksheet.
6th - 8th Social Studies & History 3 Views 46 Downloads
Canada Now and in the Future
Eleventh graders research the current and projected population density in Canada and factor in the amount of habitable land. They focus their research by completing a worksheet and consider how to lessen their own personal impact on the land.
11th Science 3 Views 7 Downloads
Canada Now and in the Future
Eleventh graders research information about Canada in The Canadian Atlas, examine human impact upon landscape of Canada, and discuss ways Canadians can preserve their land and standard of living by using country's natural resources more efficiently.
11th Social Studies & History 3 Views 10 Downloads
As Simple as Beans: Canada's Population
Students gather facts about Canada from various maps. In this Canada lesson, students use beans to relate the populations of the U.S. and Canada. Students create population distribution maps based on the placement of the beans.
6th - 12th Social Studies & History 4 Views 37 Downloads
What is the Best Way To Connect Canada?
Students predict whether road, rail, waterway, air, or telecommunications is best way to connect Canada, and justify their choices taking into consideration environmental and economic concerns. Students then compare mass of materials being moved by different modes and examine how technology has reduced time needed to move letter across country.
9th - 10th Social Studies & History 3 Views 7 Downloads
What is the Best Way to Connect Canada?
Students predict which is the best way to connect Canada. They must justify their choice with research. They compare the mass of materials being moved and discover how technology has greatly reduced the amount of time needed to move goods.
9th - 10th Social Studies & History 3 Views 1 Download
Canadian Studies Exercise
In this Canadian studies worksheet, students fill in the blanks in 10 sentences, describe the significance of 5 notable people or events, and respond to 10 true and false questions pertaining to Canada and its history.
6th - 9th Social Studies & History 5 Views 49 Downloads
Where Do Canadians Live?
Students investigate Canadian people by researching the geography of the country. In this world geography lesson plan, students identify locations within Canada with large populations based on their access to waterways. Students view and create their own maps of Canada after several days of activities.
K - 2nd Visual & Performing Arts 3 Views 13 Downloads
5th Grade Social Studies Canada Unit: Lesson 3
Fifth graders look at the characteristics of British Columbia. In this Canadian social studies instructional activity, 5th graders create a fact sheet about British Columbia. They do the project on a person, event, or tourist attractions.
5th Social Studies & History 3 Views 6 Downloads
Inuits and Native Americans: Constructing Comparisons
Learners investigate the culture of the Inuit indians and make comparisons to the native tribes of America. They conduct research in small groups and concentrate on the geographical location of the tribe in order to speculate about the effect of topographical features upon lifestyle for the indians.
4th - 5th Social Studies & History 3 Views 27 Downloads
Canada, Our Neighbor to the North
Here is an outstanding series of lessons on Canada - it's geography and its history. In it, third graders locate Canada's regions, provinces, major cities, and prominent landforms. They work together in groups to gather information about Canada, and create a travel brochure about a certain area of Canada.
3rd Language Arts 18 Views 73 Downloads
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Volunteering Teacher Resources
Find Volunteering educational ideas and activities
Showing 1 - 20 of 11,962 resources
Recording Information to Write a Report - Kids Who Volunteer in Their Communities
Young scholars analyze multiple sources and write a cohesive report for what they learned about kids' volunteer activities. In this service learning lesson, students watch videos about kids who volunteer and complete an organizer for the activity.
4th - 7th Language Arts 3 Views 11 Downloads
Identifying Career Interests in the Volunteer and Government Sectors
Here is a great way to give your class a real-life job experience, while also serving the community. They explore a variety of volunteer opportunities to build career interests, gain work experience, and help their community grow. This is a great activity.
9th - 12th Social Studies & History 6 Views 15 Downloads
Therapeutic Riding Volunteer
For students who have a love of horses becoming a therapeutic riding volunteer may be a perfect fit. This short showcases how therapeutic riding helps both special needs students and horse lovers alike. Students will hear what they would be required to do and what they'd need to know to become a riding volunteer.
4 mins 4th - 12th Social Studies & History 3 Views 0 Downloads
New Review Parent Volunteer Sign-Up
Planning a field trip? Looking for parents to lead small groups or assist in the classroom? Use a sign-up form to gather volunteers. There is space for parent name, a student name, a phone number, and comments on availability. See the materials for a second form for signing up for parent teacher conferences.
Pre-K - 6th Classroom Support 3 Views 1 Download
International Volunteer Day
In this international volunteer day worksheet, students read or listen to the passage, then match phrases, fill in the blanks, choose the correct words, unscramble words and sentences, put sentences in order, write discussion questions and conduct a survey.
7th - 8th Social Studies & History 3 Views 7 Downloads
Introduction of the "We the People..." Project and Volunteer Survey
Students complete a survey about their role in volunteering. They research opportunities to volunteer in their community. They identify ways in which the community would be different if no one volunteered.
9th - 12th Social Studies & History 3 Views 7 Downloads
This Land is Your Land: Volunteering in the Community
Students discover what a Relief Office does. In this volunteer lesson plan, students investigate what a Relief Office does, and who helps run it. Students discuss ways he/she could become a volunteer.
K - 2nd Social Studies & History 3 Views 1 Download
Volunteering for Others
Young scholars research the kind of volunteer options for teens in their area, using the Internet and calls to local agencies. Students conduct a simple survey in your school or ask volunteer organizations you contact to help you get in touch with those who volunteer in your area.
11th - 12th Language Arts 3 Views 3 Downloads
Reward your pupils for volunteering in class. This editable PDF certificate allows you to type in the recipient's name, the reason for the award, the date, and the teacher name and title. The award is great for reinforcing positive classroom behavior!
Pre-K - 10th Social Studies & History 3 Views 0 Downloads
Practice public speaking in this oral presentation lesson. Middle schoolers list the characteristics of a powerful speaker. They watch a video of two speakers, compare them and discuss the qualities of a good speech. Afterwards, they prepare and present a 10 minute speech about volunteering for a philanthropic organization.
6th - 8th Language Arts 32 Views 175 Downloads CCSS: Designed
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a classic heroic fantasy novel, written by English author Richard Adams, published in 1972. Set in south-central England, the story features a small group of rabbits. Although they live in their natural environment, they are anthropomorphised, possessing their own culture, language (Lapine), proverbs, poetry, and mythology. Evoking epic themes, the novel is the Aeneid of the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home.
Hmmm... Don't waste time sifting through piles of worksheets - save yourself the headache and create a master book, a tool that organizes all your papers and keeps them all in one place. Tackle your mound of papers by sorting through each one, tossing what you dont need and keeping one copy of every important worksheet. Place them in a 3-ring binder with dividers for each month.
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Your favorite word could be our Word of the Day!
1880 (the noun, ephebe, is attested from 1690s), from Greek ephebos "of age 18-20," from epi "upon" (see epi-) + hebe "early manhood," from PIE *yegw-a- "power, youth, strength." In classical Athens, a youth of 18 underwent his dokimasia, had his hair cut off, and was enrolled as a citizen. His chief occupation for the next two years was garrison duty.
ephebic e·phe·bic (ĭ-fē'bĭk)
Of or relating to the period of puberty or adolescence.
in ancient Greece, any male who had attained the age of puberty. In Athens it acquired a technical sense, referring to young men aged 18-20. From about 335 BC they underwent two years of military training under the supervision of an elected kosmetes and 10 sophronistai ("chasteners"). At the end of the first year each ephebus received a sword and shield from the state; probably at this stage he took the ephebic oath. During their service, ephebi were exempt from civic duties and deprived of most civic rights. During the 3rd century BC, ephebic service ceased to be compulsory and the duration was reduced to one year. The ephebia became an institution for the wealthy classes only. By the 1st century BC foreigners were admitted, and the curriculum was expanded to include philosophic and literary studies, although the military character of the ephebia was not wholly lost. The system began to decay late in the 3rd century AD. In other Hellenistic cities the term ephebi was applied to youths aged 15-17.
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TITLE: Cyprus SECTION: The failure of intercommunal talks
...the Turks demanding and the Greeks rejecting the proposal for a bizonal federation with a weak central government. In February 1975 the Turkish Cypriots proclaimed the Turkish-occupied area the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (a body calling itself the Provisional Cyprus-Turkish Administration had been in existence among Turkish Cypriots since 1967); Denktash announced that their purpose...
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divide up the profits. They put the two young Jews --brother and sister -- in a room together at night, a roomthat was pitch black and they told them what they wereto do with each other. Neither had any idea with whomhe or she was sharing the room. The Talmud relates thateach of them retired to opposite corners of the room,and sat on the ground weeping. The son thought tohimself "I am a Kohen the son of High Priests of Israel.How can I have relations with a slave girl?" Likewise hissister said to herself: "I am the daughter of a priest,descended from the High Priests of Israel. Should Ibecome married to a slave?" They each cried the entirenight. When the dawn came they recognized each other.They embraced and cried at what had befallen them.They died crying upon one another. The Talmudconcludes the narration by saying that the prophetYirmiyahu referred this when he said "My eye, my eye,sheds tears..." [Eicha 1:16]How did such a tragedy occur to the children of RabbiYishmael? How did it wind up that they were sold asslaves and put into such a situation? The MaharamM'Pano says an unbelievable thing: They were "Gilgulim"of Amnon and Tamar. Dovid HaMeleh fathered twochildren – Amnon and Tamar who were not halachicsiblings. Amnon lusted for Tamar. He arranged asituation where he would be alone with Tamar and heforcibly took her. [Shmuel II Chapter 13] MaharamM'Pano states that as a result of that sin, the two of them had to come back and be placed in a similarsituation where they would withstand the temptationand sanctify G-d's Name, rather that participate in thedesecration of G-d's Name that took place in the story inthe Book of Shmuel. We read about the situationdescribed in Tractate Gittin and ask how such a thingcould happen to the children of Rabbi Yishmael. Theanswer, says the Maharam M'Pano, is "sod haGilgul" –the secret of the transmigration of souls. We only seehalf the picture. With the understanding that sometimeswe come back to this world to rectify something whichwent wrong in a previous "cycle," things make a littlemore sense.The Chofetz Chaim once gave a parable to explain theexpression "tzodku yachdav" in the pasuke "The laws of Hashem are True, together they are just" (tzodkuyachdav) [Tehillim 19:10]: There was once a personwho came down to this world and was fantastically
26 Old Mill Road, Great Neck, NY 11023 (516) 487-6100 Shabbat Announcements Parshat Bamidbar 5773
Great Neck SynagogueShabbat Activities Program
Dale Polakoff, RabbiIan Lichter, Assistant RabbiDr. Ephraim Wolf ,z”l, Rabbi EmeritusZe’ev Kron, CantorEleazer Schulman, z”l, Cantor EmeritusRabbi Sholom Jensen, Youth DirectorZehava & Michael Atlas, Youth DirectorsMark Twersky, Executive DirectorRabbi Avraham Bronstein, Program DirectorDr. Scott Danoff, PresidentHarold Domnitch, Chairman of the Board
wealthy. As is many times the case, wealthy people can beterribly arrogant with people not of their means. This personwas indeed arrogant and abusive to people of less stature. Heoffended many poor people in this world. He came up toHeaven and was chastised for never asking for forgivenessfrom all these poor people he offended. It was thereforedecreed that he would have to revisit the world to makeamends. The soul pleaded to the Almighty – "Please Hashemsend me down the next time as a poor person, as a pauper."The Attribute of Justice responded: "No, that would not be atrue test. Send him down again as a wealthy man!" But againthe soul pleaded with the Almighty to be sent down thesecond time as a destitute and broken person. The Almightyin His Compassion granted the soul his wish and it camedown as a pauper, a smelly nobody. He lived a miserableexistence, but he rectified the sin of his soul and cleansed it.The Chofetz Chaim explains that this is the interpretation of the pasuk "The laws of Hashem are True, together they are just." We would look at this fellow and ask "Why is he unableto make a living? Why is he so down-trodden? What did he doto deserve it?" We cannot understand it. But ultimately it is"Tzadku Yachdav". If we take into account the entire picture,his earlier existence and sins in that situation, the fact thathe was here once before and had abused his privilege of wealth...then the matter becomes clear and sensible. It onlymakes sense when the two things are taken together.That is why it is important for us to know this MaharamM'Pano. There are so many things in life that are inexplicable.We cannot begin to understand them. Maybe the answer isthat this is a Gilgul. It is a Gilgul that had to come down at acertain time in a certain condition for a certain amount of time. This time, the neshama might be able to do what it wassupposed to do originally and then return to the World of theSouls and wait for the Resurrection of the Dead. The Rambanrefers to this secret many times in his commentary toChumash. Again, we do not understand these things. Weshould avoid delving into the world of the mystical, but weshould at least be aware of the general concept. Gilgul is thegreat equalizer that can perhaps help give us insight andunderstanding into matters that appear totally beyond ourcomprehension.
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This is replica hardware at Fermilab that was designed to help scientists mount the camera to the Blanco telescope. Image credit: Fermilab.Although the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) was built at Fermilab, it’s not there anymore. The team determined that the best place for the camera to get shots of far-off galaxies is Chile. The camera is mounted on the Victor M. Blanco telescope, which has a 13-foot-wide light-gathering mirror.
This is an image, shot with the DECam, of a star cluster 17,000 light years from Earth. Image credit: Dark Energy Survey Collaboration.The camera itself is designed to be particularly sensitive to red light (thanks to 62-charge-coupled-device array). The camera has been taking pictures since September of this year and Fermilab and the Dark Energy Survey group are sharing the images with the public.
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In January we saw some increased seismic activity worldwide. The strongest earthquake was registered as M 7.5 and it hit Southeastern Alaska on January 5, 2013. M 6.8 hit Atacama region in Chile on January 30, 2013. Sharp increase in seismic activity was recorded around Santa Cruz Islands, Solomon Islands in last week of January. Swarm of M5+ and M6+ earthquakes struck the area. Ending with January 31, worldwide seismographs recorded 72 M5+, 6 M6+ and one M7+ earthquakes.
We saw landslides triggered by earthquake activity and impacts of tropical cyclones. Also, impressive rockfall happen in New Zealand, when massive part of Mt. Dixon collapsed.
44 volcanoes erupted in January. Increased activity was recorded around Stromboli, Etna, Tungurahua, Reventador, White Island, Paluweh, Colima, Copahue, Manam and all Kamchatkan volcanoes. Submarine volcano near El Hierro at Canary Islands show some seismic activity at the beginning of the month.
January is the month of Pacific Tropical Storm season. We saw nine named storm systems, generally impacting Australia, Madagascar and areas around Philippines. Remnants of Tropical Cyclone Oswald caused devastated record floods in Australia. Massive floods also ravaged areas around Limpopo river in Mozambique.
January was month of extreme temperature records. Massive heatwave backed up by devastating wildfires hit Australia and Tasmania, with maximum recorded temperatures reaching almost 50 degree Celsius. At the same time cold snap was stretching across Europe, Asia and North America bringing heavy snowfall and record low temperatures.
Sudden stratospheric warming phenomenon caused an Arctic outbreak in North America during the middle of January. The polar vortex splitted and shifted its position to northern Quebec, Canada. The other piece of the vortex was displaced southward setting up a wedge of cold air over Europe and Asia, displacing steering-levels winds and setting up cold storms from the UK to part of the Middle East. Beginning of 2013 started with intense cold and freezing temperatures in western and northeastern China, Mongolia, Russia, and the Korean Peninsula as well as in Middle East and parts of Europe.
Dust storms blew through all month. Tons of dust particles was uplifted into atmosphere. Probably the most impressive dust storm was the one in Australia that blanketed the city of Onslow in the first half of the month. Smoke and haze were covering Indian subcontinent, as well as central Africa. Some parts of Northern Hemisphere reached record air pollution levels. The worst situation was in Beijing, China.
Our planet was at perihelion, the point in its orbit at which it is closest to the Sun. During this perihelion, the Earth was exactly 147,098,161 kilometers (91,402,560 miles) from the Sun.
Solar activity was at low to moderate levels. At the beginning of the month, visible solar disk was peppered with sunspots. At one period there were 14 numbered sunspots. The biggest of them, AR 1654 stretched more than 180,000 km (14 Earth diameters) from end to end. There were only 5 M-class events, however, we saw coronal mass ejections mostly emanating from solar prominences. There were only few geomagnetic disturbances.
Quadrantid meteor shower put nice show at the beginning of the month and few interesting asteroid/comet flybys (Apophis, Linear) were making warm-up for February which is expected to bring us some impressive skywatching events.
At the Mars, Curiosity found widespread evidence for flowing water in the highly diverse, rocky scenery of Yellowknife Bay area on Mars and it conducted first martian ground drill ever. And back here, at Earth, scientists successfully drilled into Lake Whillans, a subglacial expanse of water measuring about 1.2 square miles (3 square kilometers) and hidden deep beneath the Antarctic ice sheet.
Kepler mission scientists announced on January 7th the discovery of literally hundreds of new exoplanet candidates — 461, to be exact — orbiting distant stars within a relatively small cross-section of our galaxy, bringing the total number of potential planets awaiting confirmation to 2,740.
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Nigeria has a population of about 140 million and is rich in natural and human resources. Despite its rich natural resources, Nigeria has a per capita income of less than USD1,000 per annum and a life expectancy of 45 years (World Bank 2006). The country suffers from poor infrastructure (bad roads, poor power supply etc.) and the education system is under-funded, with a literacy rate around 40%. The doctor:patient ratio is almost 1:1,000. The public sector is very weak and corruption threatens to crumble the country. The three major sectors of the economy are oil and gas, financial services and telecommunications. These sectors co-exist with thriving traditional agricultural and trading economies. This context of poverty, poor infrastructure and weak institutions provides a fertile ground for some multinational corporations (MNCs) in Nigeria to engage in CSR in order to make up for failures of governance by the government and at the same time protect their business interests in the country (Amaeshi et al. 2006).
More about this publication?
The World Guide to CSR: A Country-by-Country Analysis of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility
The World Guide to CSR is the first book to provide comparable national profiles that describe the evolution and practice of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility (CSR) for 58 countries and 5 global regions. Each regional and national profile includes key information about the relevant CSR history, country-specific issues, trends, research and leading organisations. The purpose of the book is to give CSR professionals (including managers, consultants, academics and NGOs focusing on the social, environmental and ethical responsibilities of business) a quick reference guide to CSR in different regional and national contexts. This unique resource will be an essential acquisition for all organisations who need to benchmark their CSR strategies throughout different regions and cultures and want the best possible intelligence on the key issues and concerns relating to corporate social responsibility in all of the markets in which they operate.
- Submit a Paper
- Purchase hard copy print edition
- Learn More about Greenleaf Publishing
- ingentaconnect is not responsible for the content or availability of external websites
Open access content
Free trial content
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Network Management & Monitoring with Linux
SNMP is a simple but powerful protocol that can help us monitor our resources with little stress to the network. It's possible the extensions being developed now will increase the complexity and capabilities of this tool but they will also increase the resources needed to implement them.
In this article, we have explored a couple of tools found on the Net. There are a lot of tools being developed each day. You can check the Usenet newsgroup comp.protocols.snmp for announcements of new software and MIBS.
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The arrangement of defensive lines or fortifications so that they can defend each other.
More example sentences
- It has been claimed that fortified defence lines, supported by defence in depth, were an outmoded concept in the face of a warfare of movement.
- In the 1720s, the strategic military forces were concentrated around Moscow, able to deploy to any theater, while a series of fortified lines were constructed along the outer perimeters to provide a defense in depth.
- As the Stalin Line had been largely dismantled, there was no defence in depth.
Definition of defence in depth in:
- The US English dictionary
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Get the DVD
Receive Rethinking Cancer on DVD for $19.95 plus shipping and handling.
Get the Book
Rethinking Cancer, by Ruth Sackman, is an excellent companion book to the film. Learn More
Established in 1971, the Foundation for Advancement in Cancer Therapy (FACT) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational organization that supports non-toxic, biologically sound alternative cancer therapies. FACT is the creator of the documentary film Rethinking Cancer and rethinkingcancer.org.
What Is the Point of RethinkingCancer.org?
FACT's goal is to educate practitioners and patients about nontoxic therapies for cancer and other chronic conditions in the hope that the public will gain an understanding of all viable medical options.
Rethinking Cancer is an educational documentary film that provides a rare look into the psychological and therapeutic journeys of five men and women who used biological alternative cancer therapies to overcome serious illness. Their stories represent successes that mainstream medicine and the public ought to know about.
Four of the featured subjects had been diagnosed with cancer; two of these patients were considered terminal cases. The fifth patient had a severe case of Lyme disease. All five have outlived their diseases, between 15 and nearly 40 years, thus far.
Cranberries are native to the swampy regions of both the temperate and arctic zones of North America and Europe. Because they grow on slender, curved stalks, suggesting the neck of a crane, they were named “crane-berry”, or “cranberry”.
Long before the first colonists arrived in this country the cranberry was in common use by the Native Americans. The Pilgrims found them in the low marshes near the shore on the Cape Cod peninsula, and the women preserved them as a delicacy and served them with wild turkey at Thanksgiving and Christmas feasts.
Cultivation of the cranberry began …
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Comparison of Oklahoma’s 2009 Mathematics Standards with Common Core’s Mathematics Standards
2 would significantly improve their quality. No such easy fix exists for the Common Core because its weaknesses are spread throughout the standards
. Furthermore, correcting them is beyond Oklahoma’s
power because their copyright belongs to Washington, D.C., organizations. Consequently, this report recommends that Oklahoma returns to its own mathematics PASS standards and consider their revision over time.
This comparison between Oklahoma’s 2009 Priority Academic Student Skills (PASS) in mathematics and
Common Core mathematics was done in response to a request of State Representative Jason Nelson. The purpose is to assist legislators and the public to evaluate whether the replacement of PASS by the
Common Core standards is likely to improve or weaken Oklahoma’s public
education. The Thomas B. Fordham Institute performed a comparison of Common Core and PASS in 2010 as a part
of its “State of the State Standards” project. Unfortunately, Fordham ha
d modified its evaluation criteria at that time, thereby breaking the trend line used by Fordham since 1998. For this comparison I used the original Fordham 2005 evaluation criteria.
The evaluation is based on four rubrics: Clarity, Content, Reason, and Negative Qualities. Each rubric is scored on a scale of 0 to 4 and totaled to a weighted average, with Content double the weight (40%) of the other three rubrics (each 20%). The following description of the rubrics is drawn from the 2005 Fordham report:
refers to the success the document has in achieving its own purpose, i.e., making clear to teachers, test developers, textbooks authors, and parents what the state desires. Clarity refers to more than the prose, however. The clarity grade is the average of three separate sub-categories: 1.
of the language: The words and sentences themselves must be understandable, syntactically unambiguous, and without needless jargon. 2.
of the prescriptions given: What the language says should be mathematically and pedagogically definite, leaving no doubt of what the inner and outer boundaries are, of what is being asked of the student or teacher. 3.
of the lessons as described: The statement or demand, even if understandable and completely defined, might yet ask for results impossible to test in the school environment. We assign a positive value to testability.
, the second criterion, is plain enough in intent. Mainly, it is a matter of what might be called
“subject coverage,” i.e., whether the topics offered and the performance demanded at each level are
sufficient and suitable. To the degree we can determine it from the standards documents, we ask, is the state asking K-12 students to learn the correct skills, in the best order and at the proper speed? For this report, the content score comprises 40 percent of the total grade for any state.
David Klein et al., The State of State MATH Standards, 2005. Thomas B. Fordham Foundation and Institute.
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Photo By Stringer/colombia/Reuters
Colombian Nobel Prize laureate Gabriel Garcia Marquez celebrates the 20th anniversary of his novel "100 Years of Solitude" in Bogota in this June, 1987 file photo. Garcia Marquez, the Colombian author whose beguiling stories of love and longing brought Latin America to life for millions of readers and put magical realism on the literary map, died on April 17, 2014. He was 87. Known affectionately to friends and fans as "Gabo", he is arguably Latin America's best-known author and his books have sold in the tens of millions.
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This file has been deleted from www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
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Patrones de Rangoli Rangoli Patterns Houston Children's Museum pdf
pg 18 pg 19 © 2011 The Childrens Museum of Houston Institute for Family Learning. Created by the Childrens Museum of Houston for the Seasons of Sharing exhibit. © 2011 The Childrens.
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qtn symmetry rangoli patterns doc
Step 2: Using the dots as a guide, draw any three lines in the top right section. Be imaginative and choose your own lines! Step 3: Reflect your.
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Rangoli Patterns And Symmetry pdf
Rangoli Patterns And Symmetry Rangoli Patterns. Hindu and Sikh families often decorate their homes with Rangoli Some have.
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Indian Rangoli Patterns ppt
www.primaryresources.co.uk/art/powerpoint/indian_rangoli_patterns.ppt +1 alternative download link
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*ON O 11111 CERTIFICATE The largest rangoli pattern is 9 307 pdf
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Rangoli Maths pdf
Rangoli Maths Jan 15, 2008 - symmetry. Rangoli patterns. Ran oli patterns. A rangoli is a colourful design made on the floor near the entrance to a house to welcome.
Size: 167 KB
Rangoli Symmetry Worksheets pdf
Rangoli Symmetry Worksheets Jan 15, 2008 - symmetry. Rangoli patterns. Ran oli patterns. A rangoli is a colourful design made on the floor near the entrance to a house.
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Creating Rangoli Patterns pdf
Creating Rangoli Patterns Rangoli Patterns. Hindu and Sikh families often decorate their homes with Rangoli Some have.
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Dot Rangoli For Beginners pdf
Dot Rangoli For Beginners Jan 15, 2008 - symmetry. Rangoli patterns. Ran oli patterns. A rangoli is a colourful design made on the floor near the entrance to a house to welcome.
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Topic web spring 29 copies pdf
RE P. E.
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Shiva Worship III Rangoli is a traditional folk National Gallery of pdf
Shiva worship 2 Rangoli is a traditional folk art practised all over India, where the geometric patterns were created on oors and walls inside.
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qtn rangoli patterns doc
You can design these patterns yourself using a ruler, pencil and squared – or square dotty – paper. SHAPE MERGEFORMAT SHAPE MERGEFORMAT Construct.
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exploring the techniques colours and patterns of Rangoli pdf
www.wanboroughprimary.org/dove topic web_sept_10.pdf
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RANGOLI COMPETITION 9 November 2012 DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL pdf
the house teachers. The competition was heldon November 2012 Diwali. Six participants from each house participated and made beautiful designs and patterns.
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Little Claremont News Autumn 04 2011 pdf
the children prepared for a party by making Diwali cards, Rangoli Patterns, Diva and cooked Dahl. After lunch they painted their.
www.claremont-school.co.uk/uploads/newsletter/little claremont news autumn 04 2011.pdf +1 alternative download link
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Making Math Real pdf
Making Math Real should have a real grounding in religious concepts to be of value. tasting, Bangra dancing, rangoli pattern making.
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LITERACY MATHS FRENCH Authors and letters Adding subtracting pdf
PE / GAMES Indian dance Cricket ART DESIGN Rangoli and Henna patterns Indian food cooking Chalk peacocks YEAR 3 SUMMER TERM.
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Dot Rangoli Pdf
Dot Rangoli Pdf Jan 15, 2008 - symmetry. Rangoli patterns. Ran oli patterns. A rangoli is a colourful design made on the floor near the entrance to a house to welcome guests.
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Dot Rangoli Kolam pdf
Dot Rangoli Kolam Jan 15, 2008 - symmetry. Rangoli patterns. Ran oli patterns. A rangoli is a colourful design made on the floor near the entrance to a house to welcome.
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Rangoli Competition 6 pdf
RANGOLI Rangoli Competition was an interest ing event. Four participants from each House created eye-catching patterns on floor. Students drew.
dav14gurgaon.org/competition/rangoli competition 6.pdf
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Rangoli Patterns Exercise 2 doc
1. The arrangements shown below give some pleasing Rangoli patterns. Make these arrangements – you can print and colour your favourite ones,.
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Rangoli Patterns Exercise 1 doc
Make Rangoli patterns using the arrangements shown. You can print and colour the patterns you get, or you can experiment with some designs of your own.
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simple rangoli designs for home pdf
simple rangoli designs for home. pdf DOWNLOAD HERE 1 / 2 Patrones de Rangoli Rangoli Patterns http://teachers. cmhouston. pdf Rangoli designs are. or sand, and decorate.
www.pdfspath.com/download/simple rangoli designs for home.pdf
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Year 5 6 topic web Summer term 2011 doc
Rangoli patterns Batik – textiles Cooking Indian food Collage Moon buggy Literacy Dramatic conventions -Apollo 13 Newspaper reports.
www.edlesborough.bucks.sch.uk/mainfolder/year 5-6 topic web summer term 2011.doc
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Rangoli patterns 2 Now create your own rangoli pattern. Think about symmetry. EMBED Flash. Movie ©learnthings Ltd 2005.
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Skip to Main Content
Neural network models are used as strong interpolation tools to model digital I/O buffer circuits accurately. Training a neural network involves use of complex training algorithms. Optimizing a neural network is complicated due to a large number of variable parameters involved in the process. Genetic algorithms are used to optimize a problem with a very large number of possible solutions as they can quickly find a near optimal solution without having to do an exhaustive search of the solution space. In this paper, a methodology based on genetic algorithms is proposed to optimize a neural network model to accurately capture the nonlinearity of digital driver circuits. The proposed methodology is tested on IBM driver circuits and results show significant improvement in the accuracy of the neural network model.
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An intervention to improve communication between clinicians in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and family members of a dying patient significantly reduces feelings of stress,// anxiety, and depression in the family members, according to a study that appears in the February 1, 2007 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
The study, funded in part by the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), showed that this intervention also allows family members to express their emotions and arrive at a more realistic expectation of the outcome.
The researchers evaluated a set of communication guidelines for family conferences between ICU clinicians and family members. Based on earlier, extensive end-of-life research conducted by one of the collaborating researchers, Dr. J. Randall Curtis of the University of Washington, and funded by NINR, the guidelines followed the mnemonic VALUE: to Value what the family members said, Acknowledge their emotions, Listen, Understand the patient as a person through asking questions, and Elicit questions from the family members.
“Communication in these difficult situations is vital to all involved, including the patients, the family members, and the ICU physicians and nurses,” said Dr. Patricia Grady, the Director of NINR. “This research furthers our understanding of how clinicians can work with family members in the decision-making process and help them cope with the impending loss of a critically ill loved one.”
“I think this is a remarkable moment in end-of-life care,” said Dr. Curtis, “because this study shows that improving communication about end-of-life care in the ICU results in a dramatic reduction in symptoms” related to post-traumatic stress disorder in family members up to 3 months later.
Families of a patient near death in the ICU are often under great stress, and they rely on clinicians for information and support. A Page: 1 2 3 Related medicine news :1
. Better Communication With FDA Could Speed Up Approval Of New Drugs2
. Lack Of Communication Between Brain Areas Can Cause Autism3
. Better Communication Ensured Between Humans and Computers4
. Orissa Boy Invents Unique Communication Device For Paralysed5
. Physician Communication Spotty When Prescribing Medications6
. Researchers Uncover Critical Player in Cell Communication7
. How Ion Channels are Organized to Control Nerve Cell Communication?8
. Inadequate Communication Reduces Benefits of Mammogram Screening for Black Women9
. Brain Networks Strengthened by Closing Ion Channels
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Grains Teacher Resources
Find Grains educational ideas and activities
Showing 1 - 20 of 263 resources
Diet: Cereal Grains and Nutrition
Young scholars identify the nutritional value of various cereal grains. Without adding sugar, they cook with grains and compare the taste to cereal containing sugar. In addition, students complete worksheets about the different grains, noting their characteristics.
9th - 12th Health 6 Views 6 Downloads
The Great Whole Grain Cereal and Oatmeal Chapter
Students investigate the nutrition benefits of whole grain cereals and oatmeal. They decide to choose whole grain cereals and oatmeal. Students list the protective effects of whole grain cereal and oatmeal against heart disease, cancer and type II diabetes.
Higher Ed Health 5 Views 19 Downloads
Students watch television commercials, then analyze the nutritional value of the cereals. In this health and nutrition lesson, the teacher shows students several cereal commercials, then the students describe the cereals. Students read the nutritional label for each type of cereal, then look at how much sugar and salt is in each type of cereal and determine how healthy each type is.
K - 6th Health 3 Views 11 Downloads
Food Product Packaging: Marketing & the Nutrition Facts Label
How can you choose healthier foods by reading the nutritional labels? Your class will discover how companies market food items to make them enticing and how to check the food labels of those items to see if they are healthy. They listen to a lecture and then work in small groups to practice finding nutritional information on the side of a cereal box.
4th - 6th Health 47 Views 274 Downloads
Nutrition and the Elderly
Study the nutrition of elderly people and how it helps them to remain independent and healthy. Learners investigative the nutrition concerns of the elderly. MyPlate, vitamine requirements and sensory changes in the elderly are discussed. Note: The lesson would be great for 12th graders thinking about working as a CNA.
12th - Higher Ed Health 16 Views 58 Downloads
Key to Good Health #1: Nutrition
Students learn tips for healthy eating. In this nutrition lesson, students learn about the four main food groups, view a food pyramid, and get tips on how to get the most nutrition out of their meals. Students also learning about eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia.
6th - 8th Health 4 Views 40 Downloads
Exploring Grains: For the Love of Fuel and Fiber
Fourth graders examine the health benefits of whole grain food. For this whole grain food lesson, 4th graders determine how consuming whole grain foods increases the consumption of fiber, and what health benefits are associated with this. They increase their own consumption of whole grains.
4th Health 3 Views 2 Downloads
"Energy Plus!" from Together Counts is three days worth of lessons, discussions, and activities about nutrition. The materials help you teach youngsters about eating healthy and burning calories. Energy in and energy out. Included are information on nutrition labels and food groups, links to fact sheets, a worksheet, and the website for dietary guidelines.
3rd - 5th Health 10 Views 22 Downloads
This lesson seems pretty advanced for K-2nd graders, but there are some pieces that can be used with young learners. Look through this comprehensive, fact-filled lesson and pull out information and activities that you can adapt to fit your grade level needs.
K - 2nd Health 3 Views 8 Downloads
Nutrition & You
Complete a unit on diet and nutrition with young learners. They will explore various websites, create a food pyramid, categorize foods into food groups, list the benefits of various types of foods, evaluate a fast food meal, and identify a myth about candy.
K - 3rd Health 26 Views 260 Downloads
The Whole Trut about Whole Grain Breads
Students comprehend the nutrition benefits whole grain breads. They explore how to overcome the common barriers to eating whole grain bread. Students investigate how to choose and store whole grain breads. They comprehend the protective effects of whole grain bread against heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes.
Higher Ed Health 4 Views 19 Downloads
Sports Nutrition and Performance
Take a look at this nutrition lesson which is specifically geared for high school competitive athletes. This is a comprehensive lesson and is worth perusing if you are serious about having your athletes understand how important food is to their performance levels.
9th - 12th Physical Education 53 Views 97 Downloads
Plant Parts You Eat
Plants provide a variety of delicious foods essential for human survival. In the fourth lesson of this series on food science, young scientists investigate common fruits, vegetables, and grains in order to determine which plant part is represented by each.
K - 5th Science 41 Views 29 Downloads
Getting the Whole Grain Story
Students studying healthy habits for older adults, review the concept of whole grains and whole grain foods. They discuss the benefits of eating whole grain foods and discover tips for reading labels and finding foods that are whole grain.
Higher Ed Health 4 Views 8 Downloads
Importance of Whole Grain Foods and Calcium-Rich Foods
Young scholars investigate whole grains. In this healthy eating habits lesson plan, students explore whole grain seeds and discuss their nutritional value. Young scholars discover how many servings of whole grains and dairy products are necessary for good health.
3rd - 5th Health 3 Views 9 Downloads
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Whitewater Bay is a large, open body of water that can prove challenging for some boaters. Strong winds and long distances can make this an arduous paddle for canoes and kayaks. Navigation can by tricky thanks to the monotony of the mangrove shoreline. Visitors are encouraged to use NOAA Chart #11433 to assist them in exploring this area.
Did You Know?
The pink coloration of the Roseate Spoonbill comes from a red pigment, related to Vitamin A, found in some crustaceans that they eat. Look for them foraging among the shallows of Everglades National Park.
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Astronomers have mapped the cosmic watershed in which our Milky Way Galaxy is a droplet. The massive structure, which the research team dubs the Laniakea Supercluster, extends more than 500 million light-years and contains 100,000 large galaxies.
There are not that many coming attractions that people actually seem to want to see; there are fewer that feel like they are defining some kind of moment in cinema. But there does seem to be one small weird thing going in trailers: The adults are thinking about the stars, and the teens are too. Everyone is suddenly terrified of infinity and it's making them all fall in love.
Here is the new trailer for Christopher Nolan's Interstellar:
"The earliest sunset really comes in the first week in December, and the latest sunrise occurs in early January. Yet December 21 really is the shortest day of the year. Why?" —Click the link to get the Science stuff on solstices and orbital curvatures and whatever; the important thing to take away here is that the days of early darkness are over! I mean, in the sky. In your own life darkness will continue to come earlier with each passing page of the calendar until you wake up in the morning to discover that it is dark in your soul already and the sun [...]
Haven't we already figured out what happens to animals if we blast them into space? Isn't sending them up there now just asking for trouble? Like, taking the chance that they will pass through some cosmic gamma rays and come back as super-rodents bent on revenge? I mean, that is my understanding of how space travel works. I could be wrong. Anyway, if nothing else it seems kind of cruel, although I guess it is probably better than living in Russia.
We live on a small-ish planet orbiting a standard G-type main-sequence star floating through the inner rim of the Orion Arm of the Milky Way, which is itself a standard barred-spiral galaxy among so many others in the Virgo Supercluster. But it's a nice planet, even if there are probably 17 billion just like it, just within our own minor galaxy. And NASA has just announced that another galaxy has been confirmed as the biggest measured so far, at five times' the size of our own puny galaxy.
The spectacular barred spiral galaxy NGC 6872 has ranked among the biggest stellar systems for decades. Now a [...]
It was 40 years ago when humans last made the effort to visit another heavenly sphere, on the Apollo 17 mission that launched on this day in 1972. But astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison "Jack" Schmitt didn't just walk on the lunar surface—they also drove around in a dune buggy, and also skipped around while singing songs. Nixon was so angry about this expression of joy that humans were banned from every visiting the moon again.
Our overwhelming reliance on space technology makes us acutely vulnerable were it to ever break down or be deliberately sabotaged. For those gathered at the conference on national security and space at the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (RUSI) yesterday it was an issue they felt needed to be confronted more [...]
In the modern world we’re never more than a glance away from a digital display of today’s date or the time to the nearest second. The use of GPS devices in cars or even in our own pockets with smartphones has all but eroded the art of map-reading and navigation. This is all exceedingly convenient, of course, but I think that many of us in developed nations are feeling increasingly disconnected from the fundamental principles and processes that support our lives, sensing that our basic skills are atrophying and perhaps feeling anxious of being a little too reliant on the magic of modern technology.
Guess what people on the Internet have discovered? Life on Mars! But it is not, according to current theories, Martian. It's a … ground squirrel, or perhaps a regular Martian rock that looks a little like a ground squirrel from a certain angle and a certain light. The very large NASA image from the rover Curiosity is here, so you can spend the next hour or so looking for Waldo the Martian Ground Squirrel, or you can just accept the conclusion of this UFO blog:
A lot of people are emailing me saying that this squirrel was part of a NASA experiment to test how long it [...]
Here is the kind of space math that is completely appropriate for 2012: SpaceX founder Elon Musk says he's preparing for a permanent Mars colony stocked with 80,000 wealthy humans in their 40s. Are you in your 40s right now? Too late! This won't happen for another decade, or more. Are you poor and 30? Well maybe you've got a shot, but probably not. Do you have a degree from a good school and maybe a new job at Facebook or Twitter or Google? You might get to be a "new pilgrim," on Mars! You'll even get to enjoy gardening, the latest craze for people who build APIs [...]
Would you like to take a tour of the earth from space? Then please allow Dr. Justin Wilkinson of the International Space Station to be your guide. Fair warning: If today's shockingly dingy weather is making you sleepy, the twinkly music in the background here is certainly not going to do anything to help. Anyway, enjoy. It's pretty beautiful. Yes, even the moon part. [Via]
All coffee is good, from the shittiest diner to the most annoyingly rigorous high-end shop, except for coffee that comes in a pod and claims to be annoyingly rigorous and high end, but which is actual garbage that has been toasted, ground up, dehydrated and put into a non-biodegradable plastic coffin. And now that coffee is in space, which is a good reason to never leave this big dumb rock with all of its perfectly fine non-garbage coffee.
In Chelyabinsk the men are tough. So tough there is a meme among Russians depicting the tough men from Chelyabinsk acting out their audacious toughness: shouldering a dead horse through a peat bog, using a chainsaw to shave, having sex with a giant scorpion. When the meteor 60-feet-wide and weighing more than the Eiffel Tower shot towards Chelyabinsk at 41,000 miles-per-hour and burst into a fireball brighter than the sun, the tough men of Chelyabinsk looked up at the sky and cursed quietly. When the fireball exploded 14 miles above Chelyabinsk it did so with a force 30 times that of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The subsequent shockwave [...]
Are you stupid about science and things? I am! I can barely do math. So after several years of study, I can tell you, fellow dingbat, what you need to know about space before seeing terrifying and wonderful space movie Gravity. It really is as good as everyone says. Here's one tip about seeing this film: when you can, keep your eyes on the horizon line. I was worried I was gonna heave a little, in part from visual orientation problems but also from anxiety. Throwing up in a movie theater is the third worst place to throw up. The second worst is the subway. We'll get to the [...]
The heroic Iranian monkey who supposedly rode a rocket into space last week returned to Earth with strange new powers. For instance, the monkey's distinctive face mole was completely gone when the creature was photographed by government officials upon landing. The creature's white-blonde hair had changed to brunette, too, much like the hair of Moses changed from black to white after he spotted the Hebrew God cowering under a bush. What other mutant powers could the Persian primate have developed while exposed to dangerous gamma rays or whatever, in orbit?
With just over a week remaining before the Mayan Apocalypse, the situation around Planet Earth has been anything but calm. If you've been busy getting drunk at Christmas parties, you may be blissfully unaware of the huge flying mountains that have very nearly obliterated our world. But the asteroids are only half of the story: broken comets, secret meteor storms and a mysterious robot space shuttle are also haunting our skies this week.
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Meat is a nasty business, filled with blood, guts and, yes, shit. While there’s nothing in the U.S. today that matches the hellish conditions described in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle at the turn of the last century, there is no avoiding the fact that if we want to eat meat, we need to do things that are stomach-churning for the average person: kill things, cut them up, pack the pieces into containers and ship them out.
We’ve all done an excellent job of hiding this process from our daily lives. In the time we’ve moved out of the country and into cities and suburbs (in 1910, 72 percent of Americans lived in rural areas; in 2010, only 16 percent did), we’ve both literally and emotionally distanced ourselves from the provenance of our dinners.
In her book on the history of meat production in the U.S., In Meat We Trust, Maureen Ogle notes that as early as 1870s, city dwellers were desperate to get the dirty business of the slaughterhouse off their cobblestone streets. And as cities became less industrialized and more “refined,” the sight and smell of slaughter became even less tolerable.
So we drove meat production into the hinterlands, in the process encouraging the growth of massive meat conglomerates that did much more than simply process: They grew, slaughtered, processed, shipped and marketed.
To keep up with demand, they used all the resources they could marshall to become ever more efficient at these tasks. In 2010, we consumed 34,156,000 metric tons of the stuff total. Per person, we average 270.7 pounds of meat per year, well above the world average of 102.5 pounds and second only to tiny Luxembourg.
Can Mass Meat Be Both Cheap and Safe?
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Unemployment, Education and Earnings Growth
AbstractI use the European Community Household Panel to ask whether unemployment affects the relationship between education and subsequent earnings growth. show that individuals with more education have more to lose in terms of subsequent earnings growth from the experience of unemployment. This result partially compensates the fact that more education reduces the incidence of unemployment: unemployment is less likely among the better educated, but its occurrence has more sizeable effects on subsequent earnings growth.
Download InfoIf you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 311.
Length: 19 pages
Date of creation: Jun 2001
Date of revision:
Contact details of provider:
Postal: IZA, P.O. Box 7240, D-53072 Bonn, Germany
Phone: +49 228 3894 223
Fax: +49 228 3894 180
Web page: http://www.iza.org
Postal: IZA, Margard Ody, P.O. Box 7240, D-53072 Bonn, Germany
Find related papers by JEL classification:
- J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2001-07-13 (All new papers)
- NEP-LAB-2001-07-13 (Labour Economics)
- NEP-LTV-2001-07-13 (Unemployment, Inequality & Poverty)
You can help add them by filling out this form.
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- Wöhlbier, Florian, 2002. "Subsidising Education with Unionised Labour Markets," Discussion Papers in Economics, University of Munich, Department of Economics 7, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Mark Fallak).
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
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Science comes alive in second grade
Second-graders learn about world of bugs
Second-grade students at Magee Elementary are learning about the world of insects. Firsthand experiences with live mealworms, waxworms, painted lady butterflies, and milkweed bugs provide powerful learning experiences that allow students to construct a deeper understanding of the natural world around them.
Students are introduced to insects in a nonbiased environment through insect modules.
These modules engage students in scientific inquiry. Insects are readily accessible to all students to handle.
Each investigation allows students to observe structures and behaviors, discuss findings and ask questions. Students observe life cycles of insects to build explanations about the similarities and differences in the insect world.
Two types of assessment are used in the insect modules: formative and summative.
Formative assessments are embedded in the investigations to provide diagnostic information to make decisions about instruction for individual students and for the class. Formative assessments include teacher observation, anecdotal notes, student interviews, student journals and student sheets.
Summative assessment includes an end-of-module assessment and portfolio checklist. These tools provide evidence about student learning and are used for more evaluative purposes.
Through the observation of each life cycle stage, students remain engaged, challenged, and excited. In addition, collaboration among teams provides skills for college and career readiness.
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AS IT APPEARED IN PRINT: PDF collection of Oconomowoc "Athletic Fields Forever" coverage.
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Latest Rho factor Stories
The atomic-level action of a remarkable class of ring-shaped protein motors has been uncovered by researchers with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) using a state-of-the-art protein crystallography beamline at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). These protein motors play pivotal roles in gene expression and replication, and are vital to the survival of all biological cells, as well as infectious agents, such as the human papillomavirus, which has been linked to cervical...
- Like a worm in form or movement; vermiform; tortuous or sinuous; also, writhing or wriggling.
- Like the track or trace of a worm; appearing as if worm-eaten; vermiculate.
- Marked with fine, close-set, wavy or tortuous lines of color; vermiculated.
- A form of rusticated masonry which is so wrought as to appear thickly indented with worm-tracks.
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can i make it any more obvious?
Mathematics and Traditional Cuisine
The mathematics of Pasta: A process analysis to find unity, formulas and ways to express structure mathematics of pasta shapes, by their mathematical and geometric properties.
See more at: The Maths of Pasta by George L. Legendre.
- 'Pasta By Design' - Created by a team of designers, ‘Pasta by Design’ book reveals the hidden mathematical beauty of pasta: its geometrical shapes and surfaces are explained by mathematical formulae, drawings and illustrations.
- Animated gifs - From video: The traditional pasta making techniques used at Della Terra Pasta by Chris Becker [Video] - shared at here.
Types of Pasta in the post (From left to right): Agnolotti - Tortellini - Saccottini - Sagne Incannulate - Pappardelle.
This video from Awti, an ASL storyteller, demonstrates how you could create rhymes using signs. According to his website, he’s hearing and was raised in a deaf family, so I’d think he’d have a pretty informed perspective on this question.
I went into more detail about rhyme and rhythm in ASL on Lexicon Valley, including videos of an ASL interpreter rap battle as well as an example of a finger fumbler (the sign language equivalent of a tongue twister). And judging from the comments on the video, it looks like this may end up inspiring some people to create poetry or songs directly in ASL, without translation, which would be great.
Okay so the Colbert Report posted a link to the Ellen Page interview, right
And I was already happy it was a fan favorite. But THE COMMENTS
IT’S JUST TOO GREAT
ADAM AND EVE NOT ADAM AND MAPLE LEAF
just spent 10 minutes standing on top of a pile of textbooks trying to unstick my windowshade so I can get some sleep
I was unsuccessful
i am too fucking tired for this
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Converging Methods for Understanding Reading and Dyslexia (Language, Speech, and Communication)
In the information age, reading is one of the most important cognitive skills an individual acquires. A scientific understanding of this skill is important to help optimize its acquisition and performance. This book offers an interdisciplinary look at the acquisition, loss, and remediation of normal reading processes. Its two main goals are to illustrate, through state-of-the-art examples, various approaches used by scientists to understand the complex skill of reading and its breakdown, and to stimulate innovative research strategies that combine these methods. The book is divided into five sections: normal adult reading and its development, developmental dyslexia, varieties of brain-damaged reading, neuroimaging, and computational modeling.
Contributors: Marlene Behrmann, Derek Besner, Lori Buchanan, Thomas H. Carr, John C. DeFries, Jonathan B. Demb, Martha J. Farah, Helen Forsberg, John Gabrieli, Javier Gayan, Usha Goswami, Nancy Hilderbrandt, Betty Ann Levy, Maureen W. Lovett, G. E. MacKinnon, Michael E. J. Masson, Bruce D. McCandliss, Richard K. Olson, David C. Plaut, Russell A. Poldrack, Michael L. Posner, Keith Rayner.
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Scrabble word: PRICKLE
In which Scrabble dictionary does PRICKLE exist?
Definitions of PRICKLE in dictionaries:
- noun - a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf
- verb - cause a prickling sensation
- verb - cause a stinging or tingling sensation
- verb - make a small hole into, as with a needle or a thorn
- A small sharp point, spine, or thorn.
- A tingling or pricking sensation.
- To prick as if with a thorn.
- To cause a tingling or pricking sensation in.
- To feel a tingling or pricking sensation.
- To rise or stand up like prickles.
- verb - to puncture slightly
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Christ Notes > Bible Commentary > Matthew Henry’s Commentary > Isaiah > Isaiah 31
The sin and folly of seeking help from Egypt. (1-5) God's care for Jerusalem. (6-9)
(Read Isaiah 31:1-5)
God will oppose the help sought from workers of iniquity. Sinners may be convicted of folly by plain and self-evident truths, which they cannot deny, but will not believe. There is no escaping the judgments of God; and evil pursues sinners. The Lord of hosts will come down to fight for Mount Zion. The Lion of the tribe of Judah will appear for the defence of his church. And as birds hovering over their young ones to protect them, with such compassion and affection will the Lord of hosts defend Jerusalem. He will so defend it, as to secure its safety.
(Read Isaiah 31:6-9)
They have been backsliding children, yet children; let them return, and their backslidings shall be healed, though they have sunk deep into misery, and cannot easily recover. Many make an idol of their silver and gold, and by the love of that are drawn from God; but those who turn to God, will be ready to part with it. Then, when they have cast away their idols, shall the Assyrian fall by the sword of an angel, who strikes more strongly than a mighty man, yet more secretly than a mean man. God can make the stoutest heart to tremble. But if we keep up the fire of holy love and devotion in our hearts and houses, we may depend upon God to protect us and them.
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Lyme disease, a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, is difficult to diagnose because its symptoms mimic those of other disorders. Although diagnostic tests are currently available, there is a growing controversy over the unreliability of standard testing, as well as the use of new testing approaches.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has cautioned against using assays whose accuracy and clinical usefulness has not been adequately established. These include urine antige ...
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a Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, New York University School of Medicine; and the Picower Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
Picower Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Analysis on exergy consumption patterns for space heating in Slovenian buildings
AbstractProblem of high energy use for heating in Slovenian buildings is analyzed with exergy and energy analysis. Results of both are compared and discussed. Three cases of exterior building walls are located in three climatic zones in winter conditions. Results of energy analyses show that the highest heating energy demand appears in the case with less thermal insulation, especially in colder climate. If the comparison is made only on the energy supply and exergy supply, the results of exergy analysis are the same as those of energy analysis. The main difference appears, if the whole chain of supply and demand is taken into consideration. Exergy calculations enable us to analyze how much exergy is consumed in which part, from boiler to building envelope. They also reveal how much energy is supplied for the purpose of heating. Results show that insulation has much bigger effect than effect of boiler efficiency. However, the most effective solution is to improve building envelope together with boiler efficiency. Better thermal insulation also makes an important contribution to the improvement of thermal comfort conditions. It causes higher surface temperatures resulting in a larger warm radiant exergy emission rate and consequently better thermal comfort.
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by Elsevier in its journal Energy Policy.
Volume (Year): 38 (2010)
Issue (Month): 6 (June)
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Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol
Exergy Slovenian buildings Space heating;
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- Cansino, José M. & Pablo-Romero, María del P. & Román, Rocío & Yñiguez, Rocío, 2011. "Promoting renewable energy sources for heating and cooling in EU-27 countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 3803-3812, June.
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By Marla J. Stelk, Policy Analyst, ASWM
I have experienced first-hand the losing battle with invasive species. It’s a battle I fight every year just trying to stop the advancement of Asiatic Bittersweet which is killing almost every tree in the wooded area behind our back yard. I have seen the devastation that invasive species can wreck on habitats, flora and fauna so it’s not a subject I take lightly. But in my efforts to understand the issues and practices involved in addressing the issue of invasive species, I continually find myself at odds with the overwhelmingly prevalent practice of rapid eradication – particularly with methods that employ toxic chemicals such as glyphosate or the introduction of new exotic species.
In trying to explain my consternation, my mind constantly evokes the analogy of those annoying pharmaceutical commercials that promise to alleviate suffering from specific ailments by taking this or that new drug. But wait, you may also experience this barrage of side effects such as blurred vision, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, feelings of suicide, hair loss, skin lesions, cancer, stroke, internal bleeding, infertility, etc., etc., etc. – are you really willing to take these risks just to alleviate one condition? I suppose it depends on the level of your suffering, but nevertheless, the “solution” doesn’t come without significant trade-offs. And do these “solutions” really address the underlying causes of suffering?
Similarly in regard to invasive species management, have we really done our due diligence to research the potential short term and long term side effects of our current management strategies for eradicating invasive species? For example, do we really know the long-term implications of the widespread use of glyphosate in wetlands? Some studies indicate that glyphosate may pose a threat to human health (including celiac disease and gluten intolerance) and certain species of frogs. What happens when the soils, flora or fauna reach a tipping point in the amount that they can bioaccumulate? Are our “solutions” really addressing the root causes of why invasive species have proliferated? And have we really done due diligence to study these species, learn about them and learn from them – in other words, have we fully considered what hidden benefits these species may be offering in our panic to eradicate them?
For example, in the American southwest, Tamarix has spread rapidly and has been targeted as an invasive species. Tamarix is a native tree-shrub that was intentionally introduced into the U.S. from Eurasia. Its deep root system, tolerance for saline conditions, and prolific seed production has made it extremely adaptive to riparian areas of the America West where water tables have dropped and water flows and spring floods have decreased. According to a 2008 article in Restoration Ecology, Tamarix is viewed by many as a key factor in the decline of riparian habitats because its establishment occurred concurrently with the decline of those ecosystems. Invasive species in general are seen as a threat to biodiversity. We should be fair, however, and consider a more logical theory that the loss of biodiversity is not the fault of invasive species – they are simply taking advantage of the stage we have set. It’s widely known that invasive species proliferate in areas altered by human activity.
It has been discovered in certain places, that Tamarix actually provides critical habitat for birds, among others, the Yellow-billed Cuckoo whose western population is a candidate for federal endangered species status due to riparian habitat loss. The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher, a federally listed endangered species, breeds in both native (willow) and exotic (Tamarix) habitat types and research by Owen et al. conclude that “there was no indication that birds breeding in Tamarix were suffering negative physiological effects compared to those in native habitats.” (Sogge, Sferra & Paxton, p. 149) This is not to imply that Tamarix is somehow superior or even equal in ecological value to native riparian vegetation. However, the case can be made that it provides an important ecosystem benefit in the absence of suitable habitat for previously existing native vegetation that, for a variety of reasons, may or may not be able to reestablish itself.
Our most recent “solution” to eradicate Tamarix is to introduce the exotic Tamarix beetle. The beetle was imported from Kazakhstan and has an incredible appetite for the Tamarix tree/shrub. However, it is not site specific. This means that it does not discriminate between Tamarix living in areas where it does not offer habitat or ecosystem benefits and Tamarix that is providing critical habitat for threatened or endangered species. What happens when we rapidly eradicate Tamarix without giving sufficient time for willow to reestablish itself? According to Sogge, Sferra and Paxton, Tamarix “can fulfill an important habitat role for some species, especially in areas where degraded riparian systems preclude the establishment of native vegetation.” (Sogge, Sferra & Paxton, p. 150) In fact, they go on to point out that “cuckoos have all but disappeared in the lower Pecos valley from Six-Mile Dam near Carlsbad to the border of Texas following a large-scale Tamarix removal project from 1999 through 2006.”
Invasive species are successional – they take advantage of landscapes that humans have altered and/or degraded and are incredibly adaptive. They survive and flourish where the “native” species cannot. I suggest that in an age of climate change and the recognized need to develop more resilient and adaptive communities and land management practices that we may have a lot to learn from invasive species and a lot to gain by considering them as a component in a more site specific management strategy. Certainly, in many cases they can be too much of a good thing, but in other cases they are providing really important successional and ecosystem benefits. To label them as “invasive” feels unjust and overly subjective. We would be better served by managing them within a more holistic restoration framework for land management that works within a more natural long-term time frame.
And speaking of long-term time frames, we have many species that exist in North America that are widely embraced by society which were originally exotics introduced from abroad such as pheasants, earthworms and honeybees. Pheasants came from western Asia to Europe and then to America. About 33% of U.S. earthworms came over from Europe and 100% of honeybees came over from Europe. Should we stop protecting and restoring pheasant habitat? Should we eradicate all earthworms from our soils? How about honeybees? We have most certainly come to rely on their pollination benefits.
What happens when species move to follow the shift of their habitats due to climate change? If mangroves move into Georgia and South Carolina will we attempt to exterminate them with glyphosate if they displace other species who cannot relocate? And let’s consider Quaking Aspens – a huge tourist attraction out West. Quaking Aspens are the first successional species to repopulate forested areas after a major forest fire. Their relatively short life span allows them “to decompose and put nutrients back into the forest floor more often than other trees.” (Weiber) In fact, according to a recent article, even though they are invasive, they are considered a “keystone species” because they help to maintain local biodiversity. What is displacing them? The conifers and junipers that were there before the aspens.
As expressed in a publication by Dr. Jack Dekker, “The concept of ‘invasive species’ has broader social, economic and political implications, emphasizing the differences in how humans perceive weedy and colonizing species.” (p. 73) He goes on to say “Human perception of what is natural and indigenous, what is disturbed and artificial, is therefore compromised to some degree. In one form or another, willingly or not, the earth is the garden of humanity. The equivocal nature of what harm is caused by invasive species is therefore confounded by the heterogeneous array of human viewpoints and aesthetic values of what is desirable in landscapes. This heterogeneity of opinion is not resolvable but remains at the core of invasion biology because values guide activity and management. For better or worse, the actualization of human values creates opportunity space for new species to invade: they are a direct reflection of human activity.” (p.79)
Indeed, the human species has promoted greater homogeneity year after year – particularly when it comes to agriculture – one of the greatest land modifiers. One of the biggest drivers of homogeneity has been through monoculture farming practices and a market system which favors economies of scale. Driven by profits, we can make more money by reducing per unit costs of production. We all know it costs less per unit to produce a dozen of the same apples than it costs to produce one of many varieties. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world has over 50,000 edible plants. Just three of them, rice, maize and wheat, provide 60 percent of the world’s food energy intake – only a few hundred contribute significantly to food supplies. Just 15 crop plants provide 90 percent of the world’s food energy intake. And let me throw another wrench in this – what about hybrids and genetically modified organisms….
So how does one define “native” species? What are the boundaries (spatial and temporal) for those definitions? Does evolution preclude the concept of preservation? At what point do invasive species become native or do they? I am a fan of preservation and conservation and, as most folks do, I find change to be both exciting and terrifying at the same time. But for Peat’s Sake, rather than adopting eradication as the solution to the presence of an invasive species, let’s sit back, re-evaluate and consider the bigger picture.
A Short History of Honeybees on Earth. Retrieved August 22, 2014 from Let it Bee Apiaries™
Blakemore, R.J. (December, 2008). American earthworms (Oligochaeta) from north of the Rio Grande – a species checklist. Retrieved from Annelid Resources, Earthworm.
Buffin, D. and Jewell, T. (July, 2001). Health and environmental impacts of glyphosate: The implications of increased use of glyphosate in association with genetically modified crops. Friends of the Earth.
Dekker, J. (2009). The Evolutionary Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants. Retrieved online from Agronomy Department, Iowa State University
Lanctôt, C., Robertson, C., Navarro-Marti̒n, L., Edge, C., Melvin, S.D., Houlahan, J., Trudeau, V.L. (2013). Effects of the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup WeatherMax® on metamorphosis of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in natural wetlands. Aquatic Toxicology, 140-141; 48-57.
Owen, J.C., Sogge, M.K. & Kern, M.D. (2005). Habitat and Sex Differences in Physiological condition of Breeding Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax Traillii Extimus). The Auk, 122(4):1261-1270.
Pheasant History, Ecology & Biology. Retrieved August 22, 2014 from Pheasants Forever website.
Reed, G. (April 30, 2013). New Review Points to Glyphosate’s Dangerous Health Effects. Food & Water Watch.
Samsel, A. and Seneff, S. (2013). Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases II: Celiac sprue and gluten intolerance. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 6(4): 159-184. SETOX & IEPT, SASc.
Sogge, M.K., Sferra, S.J. & Paxton, E.H. (March, 2008). Tamarix as Habitat for Birds: Implications for Riparian Restoration in the Southwestern United States. Restoration Ecology, 16(1): 146-154.
Staple foods: What do people eat? Retrieved August 22, 2014 online from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department Corporate Document Repository.
Weiber, A. (August 9, 2014). Aspen disappearing in the West. Retrieved online from Reno Gazette-Journal.
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...bearing her name. Phnom Penh’s other educational institutions included the independent Buddhist University and institutes for Buddhist and Pāli studies. A world-renowned attraction was the Royal Ballet, until modern times restricted to performances before Cambodian royalty. Its authentically bejeweled dancing girls gave mimed versions of ancient Buddhist and Hindu legends. There was...
Dancing and drama were also important forms of artistic expression. The Royal Ballet in Phnom Penh specialized in the classical, highly stylized apsara dances, as well as dance-dramas recounting the Reamker (Ramayana) epic and other tales. These forms were adapted over the centuries by both the Khmer and the Thai from the ancient dances of Angkor. In the...
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An anonymous reader writes "They may be creepy and crawly, but spiders produce some of the world's strongest material: silk. Weight for weight, spider silk is five times as strong as piano wire. Now, scientists at Arizona Statue University have announced that they have found a way to obtain a wide variety of elastic properties of the silk of several intact spiders' webs using a sophisticated laser light scattering technique."
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Aubrey de Grey
Aubrey de Grey Chief Science Officer, SENS Foundation
I think it's important to understand that when people who describe individuals who've lived to, let's say 102, without a disease, they're relatively healthy – first of all, the relative word is "relatively." They still couldn't quite keep up with their granddaughter on the dance floor the day before they died, or even the year before they died, and so I think if we want to be not ageist – if we want to take the view that old people really are people, too – then we have to be very careful in using phrases like "healthy for their age."
Second of all, I think that one thing that's easy to overlook is that most people who die in relatively good health at an extreme age, like 100 or more, do have problems. It's just that those problems are not of the type that we tend to give names to, specific names. So, yes, they didn't have cancer. Yes, they didn't have diabetes. Though in fact it turns out that if you do autopsies on them, they did certainly have these things. It's just that they hadn't progressed to a life-threatening stage and they died of something more nonspecific before all the other things got to them. So, really, the same sets of things are happening in everybody, except that they're happening a little bit more slowly in some people than others.
How is breast implant surgery performed?
Answered by Discovery Fit & Health
What is a virus made of?
Answered by Craig C. Freudenrich and Science Channel
What types of hearing aids exist, and how do they operate?
Answered by Discovery Channel
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Originally published 08/15/2013
Maps of Japanese cities that were devastated by Allied air raids during World War II are currently on display at the National Archives of Japan in Tokyo's Chiyoda Ward.Covering 131 municipalities stretching from northern Hokkaido to southern Kagoshima Prefecture, most of the maps are being shown to the public for the first time.The maps were completed in December 1945 to provide information to military personnel, as well as civilian workers for the military, on their way home from overseas battlefields. Records show the maps were displayed in ships bringing back demobilized soldiers to Japan, according to officials....
Originally published 02/22/2013
Thousands of anti-fascist protesters blocked a neo-Nazi march in Dresden, Germany, on Wednesday night, on the 68th anniversary of the British and American air campaign that killed an estimated 25,000 people in 37 hours of bombing.In recent years, the German broadcaster Deutsche Welle reports, anti-fascist activists “have outnumbered neo-Nazis who previously had used Dresden’s bombing anniversary to stage large ‘funeral’ marches to recall the demise of Hitler’s Third Reich.” On Wednesday, about 800 neo-Nazis were prevented from marching by thousands of police officers and counter-demonstrators, as more than 10,000 anti-fascist protesters formed a human chain in the city....
- Coming Soon, a Century Late: A Black Film Gem
- The discovery that complicated the history of sex change operations
- NYT identifies the person who exposed Gary Hart's philandering
- Decades After Trinity Nuclear Test in New Mexico, U.S. Studies Cancer Fallout
- Lawrence Of Arabia's Hand-Drawn, WWI Map Is Up for Auction
- Ken Burns and the Myth of Theodore Roosevelt
- What Ken Burns Doesn't Understand about the Roosevelts
- A call for historians to do macro history
- Colorado school board, worried about the new AP framework, wants to make sure high school kids are taught patriotic history
- Professor premieres animated short on Pueblo revolt on PBS
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Videos Help Reduce Smoking by Pregnant Women
From 1996 to 1997, researchers at the Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Neb., developed an interactive multimedia video program designed to assist low-income pregnant and postpartum smoking women to quit smoking.
Researchers also pilot tested the intervention on a sample of low-income pregnant smokers attending Women, Infants and Children (WIC) clinics in Omaha.
National surveys indicate that approximately 30 percent of all women in their childbearing years smoke cigarettes; many of them continue to smoke during pregnancy and child-rearing.
The interactive film modules were designed based on phone surveys of 49 WIC clients and three focus groups with 27 WIC clients as well as with WIC staff.
- Difficulties in the recruitment and retention of participants prevented the gathering of conclusive data about the intervention's effectiveness. The results, however, suggest that the intervention is worthy of further investigation, especially since it is potentially low cost and easy to disseminate.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) supported the project with a grant of $167,156 between February 1996 and December 1997.
National surveys indicate that approximately 30 percent of all women in their childbearing years smoke cigarettes; many of them continue to smoke during pregnancy and child-rearing. This not only affects their own health but that of their children as well, particularly unborn children, since smoking during pregnancy is connected with low birthweight. Pregnancy provides an excellent window of opportunity to help women quit smoking because of their concern for the health of their unborn children.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) interest in smoking cessation in pregnancy led to its 1993 authorization of the Smoke-Free Families program (SFF), in which funding was to be provided for 10 two-year controlled studies of innovative smoking cessation interventions targeted at women of childbearing age. The program was renewed and expanded in 1998.
This project planned to develop and test a multimedia software program designed to involve pregnant women in learning about the harmful effects of smoking, encourage them to quit smoking, assist them to progress through the stages of change, and help them avoid a return to smoking after delivery. The software program was to be interactive, adapting to the needs of pregnant women in the different stages of the quitting process, and placing the user in the active role of peer counselor.
The target population for the study consisted of low-income pregnant women enrolled in the Douglas/Sarpy County (Omaha, Neb.) Women's, Infants and Children (WIC) Program, a federal initiative to provide nutritional support and child care. About 32 percent of the pregnant women enrolled in this WIC program smoked during their pregnancies in 1992, according to CDC Pregnancy Surveillance Data from 1992. This project supported SFF's goals, but RWJF staff regarded this study as more preliminary than studies normally funded under SFF. Because the two efforts shared similar goals, RWJF included staff from this project in numerous SFF meetings.
The study consisted of two parts. The first part was a "natural history" study designed to document the actual rate of smoking cessation in the target population as a result of the methods already utilized by the WIC program. The second part of the study would measure the responses of another group of pregnant women to the study intervention. Investigators also planned to document the actual costs of implementation to determine whether the intervention, if proven effective, could be reproduced at a low cost.
The collection of baseline data on a comparison group of pregnant WIC-clinic clients was intended to allow the investigators to provide benchmark data for estimating the likely efficacy of the study intervention. Quit rates for both groups were validated through saliva testing for cotinine (a byproduct of cigarette smoke), and the final result for both studies was the percentage of biochemically confirmed quitters at the end of pregnancy among the two groups.
The project was designed to take advantage of the structure of the WIC program. Women enrolled in the WIC program make monthly visits to pick up vouchers for food and child care. A study participant was expected to make at least four visits to the WIC clinic before the end of her pregnancy. On her first visit, project volunteers were to enroll her into either the natural history or intervention group, and test her saliva for cotinine, to biochemically confirm whether or not she was a smoker. On visits two and three, she would receive "usual care advice" if she were in the natural history group, or work with the interactive video program and receive printed messages if she were in the intervention group. She would undergo a final saliva test during her fourth visit to see if she was still smoking (members of both groups).
Project staff designed the interactive film modules based on phone surveys of 49 WIC clients and three focus groups with 27 WIC clients as well as two focus groups with WIC staff. The project also created an eight-minute videotape to give to new mothers who participated in the intervention group, encouraging them to be smoke-free. The modules were for use in the WIC clinics under the administration of WIC staff on CD-I format, which is a television screen attached to a compact disc (CD) player, and which permits full-motion video. The program is activated by touching the television screen.
The video offers three pathways to fit three different stages of a woman's readiness to change smoking behavior: someone not yet considering quitting, someone considering quitting, and someone trying to quit. The participant answers questions at the beginning of the module to determine the pathway she will follow. Each of these pathways involves participation in role-playing soap-opera-like scenarios in which the participant takes on the role of an advisor to characters in the videos facing a variety of common, real-life situations. One scenario involves, for example, a young African-American woman who works in a day care center, and just found out she is pregnant. She is trying to decide whether or not to quit smoking. The participant is given the choice of advising the character, or requesting expert advice from the software program to learn more about the problem. Participants indicate their choices by pushing a button. The characters in the scenario complain if they are given bad advice, and prompt the participant to learn more. This "active advisor" methodology was employed to increase the user's sense of involvement in the learning, and of control over similar issues in her own quitting struggles.
The script was designed for a sixth-grade reading level, and the dialogue boxes or lines of the text are read by a narrator. The text being read also is highlighted to help participants who have may poor reading skills. These factors might enable the intervention, if proven successful, to supplant or complement more expensive, labor-intensive interventions, such as face-to-face counseling.
The five participating WIC clinics in Douglas County, NE, served clients from a variety of ethnic/racial groups, the majority of whom were between ages 20 and 35, and had completed education through middle school. Study participants were recruited from pregnant WIC clients who smoked. The investigators hoped to recruit a group of 120 women for the pilot study of the interactive film intervention, as well as another group of 120 for the natural history baseline study.
Delays in the recruitment and difficulties in the retention of study participants were the project's principal problems. Recruitment targets were almost reached, but a large number of participants in each study dropped out before the end (see Results). Reasons for the difficulty in recruitment and retention of participants included:
- The proposal called for the intervention to be conducted in the WIC clinics by WIC employees. The employees, however, were reluctant to take on this extra responsibility, and there were fewer employees following a 15 percent budget cut in January 1997. In the end, personnel from the medical school had to come in and administer the intervention. Volunteers were recruited for this, but the unforeseen drain on the grantee organization's personnel time was substantial.
- The investigators realized only midway through the trial that they needed incentives to induce participants to join and stay with the study. While they did devise and try out an incentive system, it was an extra expense which they had not foreseen or included in their budget.
- The WIC clinic population presented a challenge to retention because many of the women moved frequently and/or did not have telephones.
The results were as follows:
|Project Group||Patients Recruited||Patients Retained||Confirmed Quitters (%)|
|Natural History||119||75||3 (4%)|
The 10 percent biochemically confirmed cessation rate for the intervention was greater than the 4 percent rate in the natural history portion of the investigation. Because of the very low numbers of quitters, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Since the intervention's efficacy remains to be established, plans for cost analysis and a study of cost-effectiveness have not yet been carried out. The investigators did succeed, however, in transforming an innovative idea into an actual intervention that is still in the process of being refined. They also gained experience in the recruitment of participants and implementation of the intervention, which could prove useful in future trials. Project staff believe the results suggest that this intervention may be useful and worth a follow-up, especially because it is potentially low cost, relatively easy to distribute, and designed for low-income women.
No significant dissemination has occurred. The researchers plan to submit an article based on this pilot study for publication in an academic journal such as the American Journal of Public Health. To assist in disseminating findings, RWJF staff are organizing a supplement to the journal Tobacco Control, to be published in mid-2000, which will contain discussions of results and lessons learned from this and the projects in the RWJF national program, Smoke Free Families (SFF) (ID# 037567).
- The recruitment and retention of trial participants is expensive and time-consuming. For future trials of this sort it should be assumed that incentives may be needed for participant recruitment/retention, and/or that grantee personnel may be needed to conduct the trial. Moreover, eligible settings must be able to demonstrate the necessary staffing and organizational capabilities to assure research and treatment implementation. Time for a trial recruitment and research period is also likely to prove helpful.
AFTER THE GRANT
Following this project, RWJF, through the evaluation of SFF (ID# 032822) being conducted by Robert L. Goldenberg at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, provided support to Walter J. Scott, M.D., the principal investigator of this grant, and each grantee organization in SFF to address difficulties in the implementation of smoking cessation trials targeted toward pregnant smokers, particularly concerning recruitment and retention of participants.
Under this project, Scott and the other investigators conducted focus groups and surveyed random participants and WIC employees from the original study asking for suggestions for improvement. Participants made suggestions for structural changes to make the intervention easier for people to use and more relevant to their lives. The investigators also probed the attitudes of the WIC staff to learn more about the difficulties they encountered in working with WIC participants/staff and discovered that WIC staff see their role as primarily a nutrition program and do not generally see the relevance of a smoking cessation program.
In response to a National Cancer Institute request for proposals for novel cancer control interventions using new communications media, the principal investigator submitted a proposal for a larger clinical trial of this intervention.
GRANT DETAILS & CONTACT INFORMATION
Interactive Videos on Smoking Cessation for Pregnant Women and Their Families
Creighton University School of Medicine (Omaha, NE)
Dates: February 1996 to December 1997
Walter J. Scott, M.D.
(Current as of date of this report; as provided by grantee organization; not verified by RWJF; items not available from RWJF.)
Audio-Visuals and Computer Software
"Smoking Cessation: So What's New?" (Eight-minute videotape given to new mothers). Omaha, Neb., 1997.
Report prepared by: David Gray
Reviewed by: Susan G. Parker
Reviewed by: Janet Heroux
Program Officer: C. Tracy Orleans
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Margaret Sanger: Out Spoken Activist and Social Reformer
Early Years Sanger started her campaign to educate women about sex in 1912 by writing a newspaper column called "What Every Mother Should Know." She also worked as a nurse on the Lower East Side, a predominantly poor immigrant neighborhood during the time. Through her work, Sanger treated a number of women who had undergone back-alley abortions or tried to self-terminate their pregnancies. Sanger objected to the unnecessary suffering endured by these women “Sanger began dreaming of a "magic pill" to be used to control pregnancy. "No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother," Sanger said.
Early feminism In 1914, Sanger started a feminist publication called The Woman Rebel, which promoted a woman's right to have birth-control. Because of the Comstock Act of 1873, which prohibited the trade, disbursement or circulation of what was deemed immoral or obscene materials--it was illegal to send out information on contraception through the mail--- Margaret Sanger was reprimanded. The alternative to jail was to flee to England --- While there, she worked in their existing women's movement and researched other forms of birth control, including diaphragms, which she later smuggled back into the United States.
Activism Sanger returned to the United States in October 1915 After charges against her had been dropped. She began touring to promote birth-control (a term that she coined) In 1916, she opened the first birth control clinic in the United States. Sanger and her staff, including her sister Ethel, were arrested during a raid of the Brooklyn clinic nine days after it opened. They were charged with providing information on contraception and fitting women for diaphragms. Sanger and her sister spent 30 days in jail for breaking the Comstock law
Sanger appealed her conviction and acquired a victory for the birth control movement. The court wouldn't overturn the earlier verdict, but it made an exception in the existing law to allow doctors to prescribe contraception to their female patients for medical reasons. Around this time, Sanger also published her first issue of The Birth Control Review.
Advocacy Senator Henry D. Hatfield, Representative of West Virginia, a former physician and surgeon, who has introduced a bill legalizing the transportation and distribution of birth control material and information by licensed physicians, photographed with Mrs. Margaret Sanger, internationally known advocate of birth control and Chairman of the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control, who spoke on behalf of the measure before a subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
Birth-Control Legally Introduced In 1921, Sanger established the American Birth Control League, a precursor to today's Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Sanger was the president until 1928. In 1923, Sanger opened the first legal birth control clinic in the United States. The clinic was named TheBirth Control Clinical Research Bureau.
Protesting Censorship of Birth-Control Margaret Sanger has her mouth covered in protest of not being allowed to talk about birth control in Boston April 17, 1929.
Sanger started the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control in 1929. The committee sought to make it legal for doctors to freely distribute birth control. One legal hurdle was overcome in 1936, when the U.S. Court of Appeals allowed for birth control devices and related materials to be imported into the country.
International Help for Birth-Control Issues She also worked in other countries on the birth control issues. (Europe and Asia). Sanger established the International Planned Parenthood Federation in 1952. Sanger recruited Gregory Pincus, a human reproduction expert, to produce the "magic pill," in the early 1950s. Katharine McCormick, the International Harvester heiress, provided the necessary financial support for the project. This research project created the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1960.
There are numerous women's health clinics around the world that carry the Sanger name in remembrance of her work to advance the cause of women's rights and the birth control movement
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8. Savory Flavors
- Leo M. L. Nollet
Published Online: 11 JUN 2012
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Handbook of Meat, Poultry and Seafood Quality, Second Edition
How to Cite
Cerny, C. (2012) Savory Flavors, in Handbook of Meat, Poultry and Seafood Quality, Second Edition (ed L. M. L. Nollet), Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK. doi: 10.1002/9781118352434.ch8
Department of Engineering Sciences, Hogeschool Gent, Ghent, Belgium
- Published Online: 11 JUN 2012
- Published Print: 20 JUL 2012
Print ISBN: 9780470958322
Online ISBN: 9781118352434
- Savory flavors;
- meat flavor;
- fish flavor;
- seafood flavor;
- taste compounds
Flavor of a food is not caused by a single compound or a single compound class, but by the sensory impression stimulated by a multitude of differently structured chemicals. These components can be divided into three categories: volatile aroma compounds (smell), nonvolatile compounds (five basic tastes), and synergistic intensifying compounds.
These savory flavors are detailed for meat (beef, chicken, pork, sheep) and for fish and seafood.
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Each week, the Internet Archive's tumblr account
is completely transformed by a digital resident
along a theme of their choosing. [more inside]
The Things They Leave Behind.
"When the Vietnam Veterans Memorial opened 30 years ago, something unexpected happened: People started leaving things at the wall. One veteran has spent decades cataloging the letters, mementos, and other artifacts of loss — all 400,000 of them." (Via.) [more inside]
This iconic photo
of the first Aboriginal woman to enlist in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps was used as a recruitment tool, and "appeared all over the British Empire [in 1942] to show the power of the colonies fighting for King and country." Its original caption in the Canadian War Museum read, "Unidentified Indian princess getting blessing from her chief and father to go fight in the war."
Its current caption in The Library and Archives of Canada reads: "Mary Greyeyes being blessed by her native Chief prior to leaving for service in the CWAC, 1942."
But as it turns out, the two people in the photo had never met before that day. They weren't from the same tribe or even related and Private Mary Greyeyes was not an "Indian Princess." 70 years after the photo was taken, her daughter-in-law Melanie made sure the official record was corrected. Via [more inside]
A year ago this August, 72 migrant workers -- 58 men and 14 women -- 'were on their way to the US border when they were murdered by a drug gang
at a ranch in northern Mexico, in circumstances that remain unexplained. Since then, a group of Mexican journalists and writers have created' a "Day of the Dead-style Virtual Altar" Spanish-language website, 72migrantes.com
, to commemorate each of the victims, some of whom have never been identified. The New York Review of Books has English translations of five of their profiles. [more inside]
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You can add multiple languages to Internet Explorer to display webpage and Address bar text correctly. Keep in mind that installing languages in Internet Explorer only makes those languages available in websites and in the Address bar. To change the language used for menus and buttons in Internet Explorer, you need to install a version of Internet Explorer that is written in the language you prefer.
Open Internet Explorer by clicking the Start button . In the search box, type Internet Explorer, and then, in the list of results, click Internet Explorer.
Click the Tools button, and then click Internet Options.
Click the General tab, and then click Languages.
In the Language Preference dialog box, click Add.
In the Add Language dialog box, select a language from the list, and then click OK.
Repeat steps 4 and 5 until you have added all of the languages you want to use.
Click OK twice.
If you speak several languages, you should arrange them in order of preference (priority). If a website is available in multiple languages, the content will be displayed in the language that has the highest priority. To reorder the languages, click a language and then use the Move up or Move down buttons to arrange the languages in order of priority.
Most webpages contain information that tells the web browser what language and character set to use when displaying the page.
This type of information is referred to as language encoding. Internet Explorer can usually determine the correct language encoding, even if the webpage does not include language encoding information, as long as the Language Encoding Auto-Select feature is turned on. Here's how to turn it on:
Navigate to a webpage.
Right-click the webpage, point to Encoding, and then click Auto-Select.
If Auto-Select cannot determine the correct language encoding and you know what language encoding it should be, you can manually select it.
Navigate to a webpage you want to select a language for.
Right-click the webpage, point to Encoding, point to More, and then click the appropriate language.
If you are prompted to download language support components, click Download.
You can add a Language Encoding button to your toolbar to make switching between languages quicker. To learn how to do this, see Customize the Internet Explorer toolbars.
If your computer needs a new font to display text written in a specific language, Internet Explorer can download the font automatically. This feature is turned on by default, but you can follow these steps to turn it on again if someone turned it off.
Click the Security tab, and then click Custom level.
In the Security Settings dialog box, scroll to the Downloads section, and then, under Font download, do one of the following:
To turn off automatic font installation, click Disable.
To allow automatic font installation, click Enable.
To have Internet Explorer ask you whether to install a font, click Prompt.
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Khandwa is identified with the Kognabanda of the Greek geographer Ptolemy and is traditionally said to have been surrounded by the Khandava forests that were described in the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata. In the 12th century ce the city was an important seat of Jain worship.
It was constituted a municipality in 1867. The city is located on the major roads leading from northern India to the Deccan region and is a major road and rail junction. Khandwa is engaged in cotton, timber, and grain trade; cotton ginning, oilseed milling, and sawmilling are important industries. It has an experimental sericulture farm and several government colleges affiliated with Dr. Harisingh Gour University in Sagar. Pop. (2001) 172,242; (2011) 200,738.
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Most of December and January have declared no burn days in the San Joaquin Valley because of concern from wood smoke.
Now, the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution District, which stretches from Stockton to Bakersfield, is offering rebates to homeowners who switch from wood to natural gas.
Anthony Presto of the Pollution Control District, which has strict limitations on wood burning, says gas is the ideal alternative to wood. He says, with gas, residents won't have to worry about whether or not it's a no burn day.
"Natural gas is the cleanest and most efficient way to heat your home," he says.
Wood burning is the chief source of air pollution in the San Joaquin Valley in the winter.
Valley wide it can create as much as 17 tons per day of airborne particles. Presto says this year has been particularly bad because of the dry conditions.
"Rain and wind are what cleans the valley's air, this is so far this season is the worst we've seen," Presto says.
Low-income applicants can receive rebates up to $1,500 for converting to natural gas.
(AP) - California is the first state government in the nation to adopt a single-use plastic grocery bag ban.
Governor Jerry Brown traveled to New York to tout California’s bi-partisan efforts to combat climate change.
An estimated 60,000 people will take part in California's biggest one day volunteer effort on Sept. 20, and anyone can participate.
El Niño is not expected to end the California drought but ‘atmospheric rivers’ might help.
Forecasters say the chances are diminishing that El Niño will bring rain to California.
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This week's book giveaway is in the Mac OS forum. We're giving away four copies of a choice of "Take Control of Upgrading to Yosemite" or "Take Control of Automating Your Mac" and have Joe Kissell on-line! See this thread for details.
System.out.printf("The temperature is %.2fC or %.2fF.%n", celsius, fahrenheit);
That will print "The temperature is 20.00C or 68.00F.", assuming you haven't got a rounding error producing 67.99F or similar!
Joined: Nov 26, 2008
OH... so I don't need to specify strings at all. The % acts kind of like an escape character?
I had read the tutorial but did not see how to specify a string in addition to numbers. Your post was very helpful
Thanks Campbell!! - jeff
Joined: Oct 13, 2005
You're welcome. You can print a String variable with the %s tags. For entertainment purposes: try the %s tag with a variety of different Objects and see what happens. Then try the %b tag with a variety of different Objects and numbers and see what happens. Be sure to try some "null" references amongst the Objects.
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The Revolutionary War Era (American Popular Culture Through History)
This volume in Greenwood's American Popular Culture through History series recreates the many ways in which a new American culture took root during the Revolutionary period. Tavern culture and pamphlet literature played integral parts in debates surrounding the Revolution. Newspapers spread information while printing the first advertisements. Courtship and marriage rituals varied greatly among the rich and poor, and among city and country folk. Public performance art was a hotly debated component of the increased schism between secular and religious concerns, though many Americans enjoyed recreations of recent military battles. Foodways were distinctly regional, yet food rationing was a universal hardship among army personnel. Randall Huff's narrative essays, as well as many extra front- and back-matter resources, help describe citizen's lives in the newly formed United States of America as the nation fought to win its independence.
American Popular Culture through History is the only reference series that presents a detailed, narrative discussion of United States popular culture. This volume is one of 17 in the series, each of which presents essays on Everyday America, The World of Youth, Advertising, Architecture, Fashion, Food, Leisure Activities, Literature, Music, Performing Arts, Travel, and Visual Arts.
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Impact of Land tenure systems
on women in Sierra Leone
• History and Context setting
• Acquisition of land in the provinces
• Impact of land tenure on women
• The 2007 laws
• Impact of the 2007 laws on women
• Issues for Reflection
History and Context setting
• Sierra Leone a country started off as a British
occupied territory since 1787
• Became a British crown colony in 1808
• 2 systems of Administration existed (Colony and
• Colony governed by direct rule-Administered by
• Protectorate- Land situated outside of the colony
and governed indirectly through Chiefs supervised
by British District Officers
• In present day Sierra Leone, 2 distinct systems of
land tenure coexist within the same geographical
divide (English land law applying to the Western
Area/ Colony & Customary law applying to
• The colony/Western Area provides for individuals
to acquire individual ownership of land through
purchase (title deeds)
• Under the provinces ( sub-divided into smaller
administrative units referred to as Chiefdoms –
headed by a Paramount Chief), provincial land use
is vested in the Paramount Chief as caretaker.
• Paramount Chiefs are elected by an electoral
college (constituted by 20 tax payers to 1 voter –
• very few female representatives are part of the
electoral college because women were not
allowed to pay tax (although this is now
• Paramount Chiefs are elected for life
• There are currently 149 Paramount Chiefs and
only 6 out of this number are women
• This institution is founded on Patriarchy (male
lineage; male secret society)
Acquisition of land in the Provinces
• In the provinces there are three ways in which
land is acquired Communal, Family and
• communal tenure -it seeks to protect the
paramount interest of the entire group.
• The Paramount chief holds the land in trust on
behalf of the community.
• Family Tenure- Family land are acquired when
certain pieces of land within a particular
chiefdom is vested in a family.
• Such pieces of lands are controlled by family
• Family heads are almost always men.
• Individual Tenure is strange and of modern
development. This type of tenure is now
scattered throughout the provinces more
especially in provincial and other headquarters
towns although it has been argued that Individual
Tenure is contrary to Customary Law in Sierra
• Individual tenure is earned by the following
• BY ALIENATION- i.e. through land sale or
• BY GIFT OF LAND- i.e. land is donated to an individual
• By partitions- family land is shared among individual
• CUSTOMARY PLEDGE- Land can be pledged to
individuals under customary law and can vest
paramount ownership on an individual.
• LEASE OR CUSTOMARY TENANCIE- An individual can
acquire an interest in land. The individual land holding
does not expire at death but pass on to the surviving
children who will have continuity of tenure in the land.
Impact of Land Tenure on women
• Positive Impacts
• Individual tenure makes it possible for women
to own land titles in provincial and other
• Women who are economically empowered
can lease provincial land for as long as 40
years giving them control of such lands.
• Economically empowered women can buy
land in the Western Area
• Grants of land that is being made to investors has
implications on poor women farming groups who
are normally dispossessed of such land
• In Sierra Leone all tribes practice a system of
patrilineal decent, except the Sherbro who
practice matrilineal decent in family holdings.
• Family heads are almost always males
Traditionally the eldest male family member with
regards to age, education, power and wealth.
• Women are most times given user rights
The 2007 Laws
• The laws of 2007 are the domestic violence
act, customary marriage and divorce Act and
devolution of estates act
• The Devolution of Estates Act deals with the
distribution of the property (land) of a
• It applies when a person dies intestate
Impacts of the 2007 Acts on women
• The independence of women to own property (land) is
guaranteed under the customary marriage Act. Under
section 18 of the Customary Marriage and Divorce Act
2007, “A wife in a customary marriage shall have the
capacity to personally acquire and dispose of
properties and to enter into contracts in her own
• A woman who has lived with the deceased person at
least 5 years before his death, whether married or
unmarried is regarded as a beneficiary of the
deceased’s property (land).
• The new law allows for girls to benefit form
property (land) from their fathers and brothers.
• Law only covers cases from 2007- when laws
• Women can only benefit from their partners
(when co-habiting) property (land) in 2013.
• There is no new law specifically for land yet. Law
covers all property including land.
Issues for Reflection
• Banks normally give loans to multilateral
cooperation but not to women’s farming groups.
• Opportunities through the CAADP process omits
women focus Agro Business Centres (ABCs).
• Mining companies and big investors dispossess
poor families from land and women suffer the
• Communities argues that women do not utilize
• Chiefs are not willing to have a change in the land
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Education News Archive - April 08, 2009
Rigorous new research from Washington University in St Louis shows significant gains from a national service program that trains experienced Americans to help low-income children one-on-one in urban public schools.
Middle school youth are engaging in sexual intercourse as early as age 12, according to a study by researchers at The University of Texas School of Public Health.
- Like a worm in form or movement; vermiform; tortuous or sinuous; also, writhing or wriggling.
- Like the track or trace of a worm; appearing as if worm-eaten; vermiculate.
- Marked with fine, close-set, wavy or tortuous lines of color; vermiculated.
- A form of rusticated masonry which is so wrought as to appear thickly indented with worm-tracks.
|
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Latest Nicholas Makris Stories
Knowing how powerful a hurricane is, before it hits land, can help to save lives or to avoid the enormous costs of an unnecessary evacuation. Some MIT researchers think there may be a better, cheaper way of getting that crucial information.So far, there's only one surefire way of measuring the strength of a hurricane: Sending airplanes to fly right through the most intense winds and into the eye of the storm, carrying out wind-speed measurements as they go.That's an expensive approach--the...
BOSTON -- A group of Boston-area scientists has come up with what they say is a better way of tracking and estimating fish populations, which in turn could change the way fishery regulators manage the resource. The new sonar technique is able to scan for fish over an area a million times larger than what could previously be studied, the report's lead author said. "I've had these dreams where you are floating in the water in the darkness and look down and suddenly see everything; that's what...
- Like a worm in form or movement; vermiform; tortuous or sinuous; also, writhing or wriggling.
- Like the track or trace of a worm; appearing as if worm-eaten; vermiculate.
- Marked with fine, close-set, wavy or tortuous lines of color; vermiculated.
- A form of rusticated masonry which is so wrought as to appear thickly indented with worm-tracks.
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WYCC KIDS AND FAMILY
2014 Back-to-School Attendance Challenge
High school students who attend school every day can help their school earn a special visit from hip-hop recording artist, Common!
The B2S Attendance Challenge begins Tuesday, September 2nd (first day of school) and concludes Tuesday, September 30, 2014.
During the month of September, students are challenged to help their high school exceed attendance figures from the same period last year. Special prizes will be awarded to two (2) high schools with the most improved attendance figures. Click here for details on guest appearance prizes and well as a $1,000 gift card from Fifth Third Bank.
Who is Hispanic or Latino?
“The term Hispanic or Latino, refers to Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. On the 2010 Census form, people of Spanish, Hispanic and/or Latino origin could identify themselves as Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or "another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin."
To celebrate the history, culture, and achievement of Latino Americans, tune on Sunday, September 21, 2014 at 9 PM to watch the landmark six-hour documentary series, Latino Americans.
This groundbreaking series features interviews with nearly 100 Latin Americans and covers over 500 years of history.
In an Education Week article, entitled, “Grit May Not Spur Creative Success, Scholars S...
These grade-by-grade portraits from preschool through fifth grade summarize what’s cove...
Each day 6 million kids count on PBS. Math + fun = infinite possibilities.
Children are born explorers. Help PBS open their eyes to the wonders of the world.
PBS inspires children to love reading, opening up a a world of possibilities.
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|An earlier fossil|
(The new one still has the jaw attached to the rest of the skull)
Even when we look at prehistoric mammals, it's the big ones that get most of the attention. Mammoths. Prehistoric rhinos. Enormous tank-like armadillos. Giant wombats. Big animals are cool, and there were some pretty large ones in the distant past.
Yet, at any point since their first appearance, small animals will always have been more common than large ones. Lots of small and interesting things doubtless scurried about under the feet of the dinosaurs, and so it was with the Age of Mammals, too. So today I want to look at the recently described fossil of a small mammal, and how it too, can tell us something interesting.
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Latest photos on AncientFaces
No one from the enderlein-scherer community has shared photos. Here are new photos on AncientFaces:
Enderlein-scherer Surname History
The family history of the Enderlein-scherer last name is maintained by the AncientFaces community. Join the community by adding to to this genealogy of the Enderlein-scherer:
- Enderlein-scherer family history
- Enderlein-scherer country of origin, nationality, & ethnicity
- Enderlein-scherer last name meaning & etymology
- Enderlein-scherer spelling & pronunciation
- genealogy and family tree
Enderlein-scherer Country of Origin, Nationality, & Ethnicity
No one has submitted information on enderlein-scherer country of origin, nationality, or ethnicity. Add to this section
No content has been submitted about the Enderlein-scherer country of origin. The following is speculative information about Enderlein-scherer. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The nationality of Enderlein-scherer can be very difficult to determine because countries change over time, making the nation of origin indeterminate. The original ethnicity of Enderlein-scherer may be difficult to determine depending on whether the name originated organically and independently in various locales; e.g. in the case of family names that come from a profession, which can crop up in multiple places independently (such as the surname "Carpenter" which was given to woodworkers).
Enderlein-scherer Meaning & Etymology
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No content has been submitted about the meaning of Enderlein-scherer. The following is speculative information about Enderlein-scherer. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The meaning of Enderlein-scherer come may come from a trade, such as the name "Fisher" which was given to fishermen. Some of these trade-based surnames may be a profession in a different language. Because of this it is good to research the ethnicity of a name, and the languages spoken by its ancestors. Many names like Enderlein-scherer come from religious texts like the Quran, the Bible, the Bhagavadgītā, etc. Commonly these names are shortened versions of a religious sentiment such as "From the ash tree".
Enderlein-scherer Pronunciation & Spelling Variations
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Knowing spelling variations and alternate spellings of the Enderlein-scherer last name are important to understanding the etymology of the name. Names like Enderlein-scherer transform in spelling and pronunciation as they travel across tribes, family lines, and countries over time. In times when literacy was uncommon, names such as Enderlein-scherer were written down based on their pronunciation when people's names were written in government records. This could have led to misspellings of Enderlein-scherer.
Last names similar to Enderlein-schererEnderlein-schmidt Enderleit Enderle-kling Enderle-lorenz Enderle-martin Enderlen Enderle norman Enderle-schmid Enderle-schmitt Enderle-spitz Enderle stein Enderlet Enderle-walz Enderley Enderlez Enderli Enderlich Enderlie Enderlig Enderlin
enderlein-scherer Family Tree
Here are a few of the enderlein-scherer genealogies shared by AncientFaces users. Click here to see more enderlein-scherers
|
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Tissue Paper Collages - July 5, 2011 - Quick and Easy Daily Crafts for Kids
Written by Jenny Wanderscheid
Tissue Paper Collages
Tissue paper can be cut or torn by the children to make various shapes and sizes. OR if you prefer not using the fish shapes, how about tissue paper collages on paper using the various ocean colors: blues, greens and purples. In either project, paint on the tissue paper with liquid starch or diluted school glue to give it a "wet look" as the children create it and then a stiff texture when it has dried. The children may want to add fish to this "ocean". If so, provide small rubber stamps of fish for the children to stamp on fish pictures or furnish more tissue paper in other colors for them to tear and cut their fish shapes. Do either of these when the ocean picture has dried. If you want to use this as a sort of a printing experience, you can have the children peel off the tissue paper when they have finished painting it on and while their projects are still wet, and the colors will remain, kind of a watercolor look.
Each weekday we will publish an easy craft for kids.
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Last Updated on Sunday, 03 July 2011 18:48
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Contains information that ensures building work runs smoothly - for both professional builders and homeowners. This title offers advice and information that guides the reader through the whole process.
Matthys Levy; Mario Salvadori
The authors, both premier structural engineers, discuss architectural and structural catastrophes, from the Parthenon and Rome's Coliseum to the Hyatt Regency in Kansas City and the Malpasset Dam in France...
Presents a compilation of tables, data, facts and formulae needed for scheme design by structural engineers. This book contains the facts and figures needed for preliminary design whether in the...
David Chapman; Nicole Metje; Alfred...
Tunnelling is one of the most fascinating disciplines within civil engineering and provides a robust solution to a variety of engineering challenges. This book covers a range of areas which...
J. Roger Knowles
This book examines 200 contractual problems that regularly arise on building and engineering projects and provides a detailed explanation of their solutions, citing standard contract conditions and key parts of...
Don't let your mathematical skills fail you! In Engineering, Construction, and Science examinations, marks are often lost through carelessness or from not properly...
Updated throughout and featuring a new chapter on Sustainable Drainage Systems, this third edition is suitable for students from pre-degree through all undergraduate level courses as well as a reference...
New edition of the best-selling Heinemann textbook, with a user-friendly style, accessible language and an approachable layout, now fully updated to match the 2010 specification.
Whether building a summer cottage in the woods or homesteading off the grid, this book gives readers a logical approach to building permanent shelter in out of the way places...
Ordinary concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. Even reinforced concrete, where steel bars are used to take up the tension that the concrete cannot...
Robert W. Day
Complete, up-to-date coverage of foundation engineering, emphasizing the geotechnical aspects and the use of the 2009 International Building Code (IBC)
An enduring record of the UK's Eurocodes implementation for bridge design, with papers written by invited experts who have been at the very heart of Eurocode developments in the UK.
Michel Bruneau; Chia-Ming Uang; ...
A completely revised and updated in-depth guide to the requirements central to earthquake-resistant design of steel structures
Francis D. K. Ching
The classic visual guide to the basics of building construction, now with the most current information For nearly three decades, Building Construction Illustrated has offered an outstanding...
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A new device called the Argus II has been implanted in over 50 patients, many of whom can now see color, movement and objects and researchers have even streamed braille patterns directly into a blind patient's retina, allowing him to read four-letter words accurately and quickly with the ocular neuroprosthetic device.
Argus II uses a small camera mounted on a pair of glasses, a portable processor to translate the signal from the camera into electrical stimulation and a microchip with electrodes implanted directly on the retina.
Similar in concept to successful cochlear implants, the visual implant uses a grid of 60 electrodes—attached to the retina—to stimulate patterns directly onto the nerve cells. For this study, the researchers at Second Sight used a computer to stimulate six of these points on the grid to project the braille letters. A series of tests were conducted with single letters as well as words ranging in length from two letters up to four. The patient was shown each letter for half a second and had up to 80% accuracy for short words.
Argus II and the grid of electrons directly implanted on the retina. Credit: Second Sight
"In this clinical test with a single blind patient, we bypassed the camera that is the usual input for the implant and directly stimulated the retina. Instead of feeling the braille on the tips of his fingers, the patient could see the patterns we projected and then read individual letters in less than a second with up to 89% accuracy," explains researcher Thomas Lauritzen, lead author of the paper. "There was no input except the electrode stimulation and the patient recognized the braille letters easily. This proves that the patient has good spatial resolution because he could easily distinguish between signals on different, individual electrodes."
The study was authored by researchers at Second Sight, the company who developed the device, and has been published in Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics.
Argus II retinal implant device headset. Credit: Second Sight
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Published on Dec 20, 2013
Presented on 12/20/2013 by Donna Russell, Graduate Student Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville. The purpose of this webinar is to educate parents about Autism Spectrum Disorder and the national physical activity recommendations for children. Parents will be provided with a variety of strategies to engage in developmentally-appropriate, inclusive group and/or individual physical activities to use with their child(ren) who have been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Sewing Machine Teacher Resources
Find Sewing Machine educational ideas and activities
Showing 1 - 20 of 221 resources
Sewing Unit (Textiles)
Get out that sewing machine it's time for a textile project. The class learns how to use a sewing machine, read a pattern, and create a simple article of clothing. They identify the sewing machine parts, use an iron, and think about exploring a career in the clothing industry.
6th - 8th Visual & Performing Arts 29 Views 100 Downloads
Vocational: Basic Sewing
Pupils discover how to use sewing machines, ironing boards, and steam irons. Using diagrams, they label all the parts of a sewing machine and solve crossword puzzles in groups. Following a teacher demonstration, students sew their own chill bands.
10th - 12th 21st Century Skills 17 Views 95 Downloads
4-H Clothing and Textiles Leader's Page
This activity could be used in a home economics class to teach students about sewing and clothing. Using this 10 question instructional activity, learners explore the function of a sewing machine, and plan a project.
7th - 12th 21st Century Skills 11 Views 77 Downloads
Sewing Machine Parts
Learners examine and identify the various parts of the sewing machines. As a class, they watch a demonstration by their teacher to discover how the machine operates. To end the lesson, they review how to operate the machine safely.
9th - 12th 21st Century Skills 4 Views 25 Downloads
Threading the Sewing Machine
Students identify the different parts of the sewing machine and their function. After watching a demonstration, they practice threading the machine, winding the bobbin and putting the bobbin in its correct place in the case. To end the lesson, they discuss sewing machine safety.
6th - 8th 21st Century Skills 5 Views 26 Downloads
Exploring Machine Trapunto
This machine quilting class will teach you how to add beautiful trapunto effects without having to make tiny slits in the back of your quilt. (Shops and teachers may use this description in their announcements, flyers, etc.)
9th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts 3 Views 3 Downloads
Sewing Tools and Equipment
Students define the meaning of words related to sewing. For this sewing tools lesson, students read a paragraph and answer questions about sewing tools. Students separate sewing tools by their purpose. Students become familiar with the parts of the sewing machine.
6th - 8th Language Arts 22 Views 100 Downloads
Heirloom Machine Quilting
Students practice using the sewing machine to make designs. After viewing demonstration, they discuss the best workspace, batting selections and how to prepare the quilt for use. They share their final quilt with the class.
5th - 8th Visual & Performing Arts 3 Views 0 Downloads
4-H Line & Design Activity Page
In this 4-H activity worksheet, students will select their favorite activities and projects from a menu of choices. Then they will work with their 4-H leaders and parents to create a project plan for the year. The activities include sewing and craft projects.
2nd - 7th 21st Century Skills 15 Views 89 Downloads
Create works of art using fabric. Learners use fabric, tissue paper, acrylic gel, and paint to create a unique and interesting piece of work. They discuss the different techniques that can be used to create works of art and evaluate different methods.
K - 12th Visual & Performing Arts 3 Views 34 Downloads
Inventor's Challenge Review
In this science worksheet, students match each invention or device to its inventor listed on the right. There are 32 inventors listed and some may be used twice. Then they order the items in each group from oldest to newest and state the dates for each.
9th - 10th Social Studies & History 3 Views 21 Downloads
Students practice basic sewing procedures such as measuring, using cutting board with grid, cutting using rotary cutter, threading sewing machine, and sewing straight line and backstitch. Students then cut fabric into squares to common size.
7th - 12th 21st Century Skills 6 Views 24 Downloads
Fast, Fun & Easy Fabric Vases
Students construct a fabric vase as shown in the book, "Fast, Fun & Easy Fabric Vases" by Linda Johansen. They cut fabric and appliques using plastic templates then iron on fusible interface. Pieces of the vase are then sewn together and shaped.
6th - Higher Ed Visual & Performing Arts 3 Views 10 Downloads
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Denis Poroy/Getty Images
Petco Park, the home field of baseball's San Diego Padres, on opening day against the Los Angeles Dodgers in April 2013.
A combination of low rainfall, low snowpack in the mountains, and dwindling supplies from the drought-stricken Colorado River threaten every one of the main sources of water for this Southern California city that's home to more than 1.3 million people.
With predictions of another dry winter this year, San Diego County Water Authority officials say they're prepared to meet the county's water needs through next summer, thanks to 25 water reservoirs that contain an "ample supply."
But should this year's drought continue into next year and the year after that, the situation becomes much more problematic.
"We built these assets to use them," Ken Weinberg, the authority's water resources director, told San Diego Magazine. "But if you start to see successive dry years and use that storage – that's where we're vulnerable."
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Photographic artifacts of black Civil War troopstags: NYT, Civil War, USCT
In the year’s most haunting image of black Civil War soldiers, the opening battlefield sequence in Steven Spielberg’s “Lincoln,” Confederate forces massacre many fallen former slaves.
In reality, African-American prisoners of war were killed en masse. Black troops in action endured lower wages and poorer medical care and living conditions than their white counterparts. But soldiers of both races did have surprisingly easy access to the luxury of photography.
Photographers ran government-sanctioned booths near encampments, selling souvenir portraits. The images of black personnel, from officers to gravediggers, are now on view widely in 150th-anniversary commemorations of the Emancipation Proclamation. They provide a nuanced view of African-American life at the front, even though some of the subjects can no longer be identified....
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Word Of The Day
The Feltz Philological Challenge
Calling regulars and first timers! Why not have a go at making a shortish, coherent sentence or story with this week's words - it's such fun! The words are - METANOIA - the change in one's way of thinking after penitence, NICTATION - the process of blinking, PRECISIAN - a person who is rigidly precise, and SWITCHEROO - unexpected change.
Thinking caps on and email your efforts to [email protected] - please include your phone number and you could feature in tomorrow's show.
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English 2 Teacher's Edition & Toolkit CD
by BJU Press
Mardel Price $63.61
Description of English 2 Teacher's Edition & Toolkit CD by BJU Press
The Teacher's Edition provides easy instructions to teach grammar for understanding and to guide the teaching of writing using the Writing Process. Students plan, draft, revise, proofread, and publish eight different types of writing: personal story, instructions, couplet and shape poem, book report, friendly letter, make-believe story, descriptive paragraph, and research report. Rubrics are provided to help the teacher evaluate each type of writing. The Teacher's Edition contains reduced student pages and Extra Practice pages (with answers) as well as Keeping Up transparency masters (with answers) to quickly review grammar during the writing chapters. A thorough presentation of English instruction with a balance of grammar study and writing practice.
Coordinates with English 2 Student Worktext (2nd ed.), English 2 Tests, and English 2 Tests Answer Key.
|Product:|| English 2 Teacher's Edition & Toolkit CD|
|Vendor:|| BJU Press|
|Edition Number:|| 2nd|
|Binding Type:|| Perfect|
|Media Type:|| Book|
|Minimum Grade:|| 2nd Grade|
|Maximum Grade:|| 2nd Grade|
|Number of Pages:|| 505|
|Weight:|| 3.08 pounds|
|Length:|| 11 inches|
|Width:|| 10.75 inches|
|Height:|| 1.58 inches|
|Vendor Part Number:|| BJU191957|
|Subject:|| Grammar, Writing|
|Curriculum Name:|| BJU Press|
|Learning Style:|| Auditory, Visual|
|Teaching Method:|| Traditional|
There are currently no reviews for English 2 Teacher's Edition & Toolkit CD.
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Enterprise in the sports industry
This presentation discusses Drucker's thesis that failure is a "good thing" if the opportunities that arise from such failure allow the development of personal and enterprise skills
In this activity, students construct their own rocket-powered boat called an "aqua-thruster." These aqua-thrusters will be made from a film canister and will use carbon dioxide gas produced from a chemical reaction between an antacid tablet and water to propel it. Students observe the effect that surface area of this simulated solid rocket fuel has on thrust.
This slide show is loaded with information for older students. Indeed, there is so much data that the slides may be paused to allow students to catch-up with the information presented. This set of marine community illustrations can be used as visual aids
during formal or informal instruction while teaching about the marine
realm. There are three versions of each illustration:
unlabeled illustration titled, unlabeled illustration titled, and labeled illustration.
PSY372 Session 7 Summer 2012
Industrial and Organizational Psychology with Donna El-Armale Guest: Sharon Rich,
12: Panel Q&A on "Shaping & Strengthening Correctional Policy & Legislation through Research"
Panelists answer questions on the panel "Shaping & Strengthening Correctional Policy & Legislation through Research - What are the possibilities for New Jersey" at Evidence-Based Interventions Lead to Improved Outcomes, Day 1 of The Rutgers University Evidence-Based Initiative For Justice Policies and Practices' Conference, Evidence: The Catalyst of Change in October 2011.
Columbus and His Voyages Part 2
As Christopher Columbus entered his 30s, his experience and training, education, and contacts had awakened a gnawing intuition that he could reach Japan by sailing west. This is a great resource to use in conjunction with non-fiction texts and/or lessons on this topic. (3:59)
Spencer Repeating Rifle Patented
On March 6, 1860, young Christopher M. Spencer was issued his first patent for a breech-loading repeating rifle. This weapon would become one of the most trusted, popular and perhaps decisive of the War Between the States. Length: 3:51
Ionizing Radiation, Part 4: Alpha Radiation
This film examines exposures to alpha particles that are emitted from the nuclei of some heavy, unstable atoms. Major topics include health effects, exposures, and protective measures. Other educational concepts include internal radiation hazard, radon and its daughters/progeny. This instructional film is from Kansas State University's web-based course, GENAG 711, Occupational and Agricultural Health. Copyright 2011, Mitch Ricketts. For an illustrated transcript, copy and paste this web add
Munch, The Storm, 1893 - Smart History at Khan Academy
Edvard Munch, The Storm, 1893, oil on canvas, 36 1/8 x 51 1/2" (91.8 x 130.8 cm), (MoMA) Speakers: Dr. Juliana Kreinik, Dr. Amy Hamlin. (04:01)
How To Escape Rip Currents
In this video, the Ocean City Maryland Beach Patrol shows how to break grip of a rip current. Actual video and animation are shown. ( 4:43)
Looking at Learning...Again, Part 1: Workshop 8. The International Picture
This workshop offers an opportunity to investigate various aspects of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), other than the test scores themselves. Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology William Schmidt presents differences in curricula, textbooks, and teaching practices around the world, and a group of community members discuss how the TIMSS results reflect societal and cultural values.,This DVD does have supporting footage in terms of supporting comments for
Economic Update - "Economics And Pornography"
Description not set
Mrs. Rice Teaches About Nouns (Common, Plural, Proper, Possessive)
In this video, Mrs. Rice talks about all the different kinds of nouns there are out there. Common nouns, proper nouns, possessives, irregular, and plurals are discussed. This is a great resource to help reinforce these important grammar rules in the classroom. (5:48)
Margolin Reel 14
Description not set
U.S., Ukraine sign $1 billion aid deal
U.S. Treasury Secretary Jack Lew and Ukrainian Finance Minister Oleksandr Shlapak sign a $1 billion loan guarantee at the Treasury Department. Rough Cut (no reporter narration). Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe More Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews Reuters tells the world's stories like no one else. As the largest international multimedia news provider, Reuters provides coverage around the globe and across topics including business, financial, national, and internat
Beginning Writing Groups
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Video Culture Class: Spanish Holidays #15 - Constitution Day
Learn more about Spanish culture with SpanishPod101.com! Ever wondered what the most important Spanish holidays are, and how they are celebrated? Then this 25-lesson video series is for you! With this series, you’ll learn the what, why, when and how of 25 well-known holidays in Spain. In this video, you’ll [...]
Virtual Maths, Shapes Space and Measure, Surface of semi cylinder
Interactive simulation demonstrating how to calculate the surface area of a cover for an astro turf pitch including the ends by using a semi (half) cylinder.
Genghis Khan BBC 4/5
A story of the greatest conqueror ever in world history and his Mongol Empire that ruled the world a thousand years ago. Two Alien Cultures Clash, the Mongols and the Chinese. Few Chinese Villages had seen a Mongol Warrior in the 13th century. He had to get over the Great Chinese Wall.
Choral Vespers - 4/10/14 at 5:15PM
Choral Vespers - 4/10/14
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nombre masculino/masculine noun
- 1 [Zoología/Zoology] 1.1 (ave) parrot aprender/recitar algo como un papagayo to learn/recite sth parrot-fashion hablar como un papagayo to be a chatterbox o/or windbag [familiar/colloquial] 1.2 (pez) parrot fish 1.3 (en Ec) (víbora) poisonous snake
Find clear and straightforward guidance that will help you improve your Spanish grammar, pronunciation, and writing skills...
Mexico's muralist movement flourished between the two World Wars during a time of nationalist fervor. It was led by Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Their work reflected revolutionary themes and working-class struggle. They decorated many public buildings.
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The circle is an ancient symbol for eternity.
A circle has no beginning — and no end. Wreaths and wedding rings express this symbol.
Pliny wrote a book, “Natural History” in ancient times. From that, we learn the many market gardens of Athens supplied the city with flowers, vegetables and wreaths.
The flowers were raised mainly for garland and wreath makers. They formed a distinct trade.
Wreaths were an important part of every festive occasion in ancient times. They were used to adorn statues and altars.
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Reading and Writing About Literature: A Portable Guide
by Janet E. Gardner
Paperback: 256 pages
Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's
Availability: Usually ships in 24 hours
Far less expensive than comparable guides, Reading and Writing about Literature: A Portable Guide is an ideal supplement for writing courses where literature anthologies and individual literary works that lack writing instruction are assigned. This brief guide introduces strategies for reading literature, explains the writing process and common writing assignments for literature courses, provides instruction in writing about fiction, poetry, and drama, and includes coverage of writing a research paper and of literary criticism and theory. This volume in the popular Bedford/St. Martin's series of Portable Anthologies and Guides offers a trademark combination of high quality and great value.
- Journey Through New Testament: Student Text 9-12
- Courage and Calling: Embracing Your God-Given Potential
- Literature: A Portable Anthology
- Pocket Dictionary of Biblical Studies: Over 300 Terms Clearly & Concisely Defined
- Tunneling to the Center of the Earth: Stories
Scribendi offers Books and Software in association with Amazon.com. Portions copyright Amazon Inc. and its affiliates used under license.
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Jun 1, 2014 No Comments ›› Chuck Biscuits
Excerpted from THE MUSLIM NEWS: Within 24 hours, Italian authorities have seen thousands of asylum seekers nearing their coastline near Sicily. Most of the refugees were said to be Syrian and Egyptian.
The Italian navy confirmed on Saturday that roughly 3,000 asylum seekers had crossed into Italian waters near Sicily. The influx occurred between Friday and Saturday.
In an interview with several European newspapers, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi renewed Rome’s calls to the European Union to curb the sharp increase of asylum seekers.
The migrants, most of whom are believed to have started their crossing from Libya, were said to be mostly Syrian and North African.
“Europe has to call on the United Nations to intervene in Libya and more generally it must show a capacity to manage the immigration phenomenon,” Renzi told the Italian daily La Stampa, according to Reuters news agency.
While not all of the makeshift boats had been brought to shore, Italian authorities reported an estimated 1,400 individuals making their way to their land on Friday, followed by at least 1,300 more on Saturday.
In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of migrants setting off in boats from the North African coast seeking to reach the EU, where they hope to build a better life. Political instability, social unrest and civil wars in countries like Libya has contributed to this problem. With it, the number of migrant deaths at sea has also increased. Some 60,000 asylum seekers crossed into Italy in 2011 in the wake of the Arab Spring. Italian authorities have registered nearly 40,000 migrants this year.
Greece, Italy and Malta have repeatedly asked their fellow EU countries for help in handling the large numbers of migrants. Some 45,000 boat migrants, including thousands of children, made dangerous Mediterranean crossings to land in Italy and Malta in 2013, according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM).
More than 350 people died last October in a shipwreck off the Italian island of Lampedusa. The boat of mainly Eritrean migrants was trying to reach Europe.
The aftermaths of several shipwrecks off of the southern Italian island of Lampedusa since 2013 have occupied EU leaders, who are considering changes to the 28-member bloc’s migration policies.
kms/rc (AFP, Reuters, dpa)
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This mountain is said to be where the goddess Amaterasu's grandson descended to Earth to establish the Japanese Imperial Family. Trouble is, the distant town of Takachiho also claims that honor. The dispute has never been settled, either legally or spiritually. Mt. Takchiho is at the southern end of the Kirishima range, and a hike to the summit takes about three hours. One a clear day, you can see the surrounding mountains in Kirishima National Park. Due to volcanic activity
in the area, particularly of Shinmoedake, some trails may be closed. Ask ahead of time at the Takachiho-gawara Visitor Center, 0995–57–2505.
Kirishima, Kagoshima-ken, Japan
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Sixth Grade Writing 1 6th Grade Writing Assessments Descriptive Essay Personal Narrative Essay Compare / Contrast Essay Persuasive Essay Ware County ... Down
101 Persuasive Essay Topics . By: Mr. Morton. Whether you are a student in need of a persuasive essay topic, or a teacher looking to assign a persuasive essay, this ... Down
Writing Prompts Writing Skills Writing Tips Education & Higher Learning Advice & Counseling Classroom Technology Colleges & Universities ... Argumentative Essay ... Down
Writing Prompts Writing Skills Writing Tips Education & Higher Learning Advice & Counseling Classroom Technology Colleges & Universities ... Argumentative Essay …wordslingingwoman.com/122-US10/TopicsBuzzle.pdf
4 What should students know about speculative/text- based writing prompts? Speculative writing tasks will present students with a briefly describedwww.nj.gov/education/assessment/ms/speculative.pdf
Page 1 of 3 Courtesy the Odegaard Writing & Research Center http://www.depts.washington.edu/owrc Argumentative Paper Format *Please note …depts.washington.edu/owrc/Handouts/Argumentative%20Paper%20Format.pdf
Argument Prompts For 6th Grade Grade 8: Nonfiction Reading and Research-Based Argument Essay Writing Students will need paper, copies of the actual texts,www.isohd.com/pdf/argument-prompts-for-6th-grade.pdf
exercise for text-based argumentative writing and as a useful formative assessment for ... Using released writing prompts and student samples from the Georgia Grade ...www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-Instruction-and-Assessment/Assessment/...
AP Argumentative Essay Prompts Othello Writing Prompts Argument Essay Writing Prompts 1 2 3 4 5 Related searches for argumentative essay prompt for othellopdfsdir.com/download/argumentative-essay-prompt-for-othello.pdf
DECEMBER 2008 Reading and Writing Persuasive Text FEATURE “What Should I Write?” Helping Students Respond to Prompts by Nancy Mack CLASSROOM …www.ohiorc.org/orc_documents/ORC/Adlit/InPerspective/2008-12/in...
writing to stretch out words and record more sounds. Editing As you teach each editing mini-lesson, track the expectations on an anchor chart.blog.wsd.net/ebonnemort/files/2012/04/Persuasive-Writing-Oreo-and...
Persuasive Essay Prompts Fahrenheit 451 Choose one of the following prompts drawn from Fahrenheit 451 and write a persuasive essay arguing either for or against thecastor.bentonville.k12.ar.us/.../19/Persuasive%20Essay%20Prompts.pdf
Oklahoma School Testing Program Oklahoma Core Curriculum Tests (OCCT) Grade 8 Writing Parent, Student, and teacher Guide 2012–2013 Oklahoma State Department …ok.gov/sde/sites/ok.gov.sde/files/OCCT_GR8_Wr_s13.pdf
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adjetivoVolver al principio
Relating to or denoting the Siouan language family.
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- Members of the Siouan language family proper are to be found practically everywhere east of the Rocky Mountains except on the southern Plains and in the Northeast.
- We examined the data for Algonquian as well as Siouan language groups.
- His research helped debunk earlier notions that the Monacans and other Siouan groups were largely nomadic hunters and gatherers.
Definición de Siouan en:
- el diccionario Inglés de EE.UU.
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9:16 AM, Sep 18, 2014 • By THOMAS DONNELLY
In the late 17th century, times were tough in Scotland. The Stuarts, the Scots’ royal family, had been tossed off the throne of England for a second time, and the country had been excluded from the burgeoning English system of international trade regulated by the Navigation Acts. Even the climate was more miserable than usual: these were the worst years of northern Europe’s “little ice age.”
In an attempt to try to improve its economy and its international position, the Scottish government formed a trading company like the English had established in the East Indies and North America. Its purpose was to establish a colony and commercial center in Darien, on the Pacific coast of the isthmus of Panama. “The idea attracted immense enthusiasm among all classes in Scotland,” wrote T.O. Lloyd, “and led to disaster.” It was an economic disaster and a strategic failure. “[T]he Spanish first watched it carefully to see that it showed no sign of succeeding and eventually in 1700 they captured it.” The loss was “perhaps as much as half the floating capital of Scotland.”
At least for appearance’ sake, the Scots blamed the English for the collapse of their one and only attempt at independent colonization – that is, competing in an era of rapid globalization – but in fact, they took the lesson to heart. One of the terms of the 1707 Acts of Union with England was that the Darien investors would be repaid, but the more important, if informal, deal was that the Scots would become full partners in the British empire. “[T]he effect was to give eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Scotsmen opportunities…that had previously been closed to them,” observed Lloyd. “And these opportunities were very considerable…at the time people saw [the empire] as the largest area of unrestricted trade in the world.” Many of these opportunities lay in America. The Colonies’ rapid growth in the 18th century owed much to enterprising Scots immigrants, who numbered among the most vociferous advocates of the prospects for empire in North America; Benjamin Franklin swiped a good part of his best imperial propaganda from Cadwallader Colden, a Scotsman born in Ireland who came to Philadelphia in 1710.
In sum, simply being a member in good standing of the British empire has made Scotland and Scots richer, freer, and safer than they were, would have been, or, quite possibly will be on their own. Since the English themselves no longer seem to be very British, neither Prime Minister David Cameron nor the hapless “Better Together” campaign have been bold enough to remind voters in Thursday referendum of Scotland’s previous and unfulfilling experiences of independence.
Likewise the American press is indulging itself in an exhilarating “Braveheart” moment, and quivers in hopes that the Catalans or Basques might be next. But just as the building of the British imperial union was foundation and precursor to an American one, so might the unraveling be a similar foreshadowing. Today Britain seems to harbor the desire to be anything but great – as, increasingly, does Barack Obama’s America.
6:15 AM, Sep 18, 2014 • By JONATHAN FOREMAN
This week’s referendum on Scottish independence may seem like an obscure, perhaps even Ruritanian quarrel to many Americans, but it has profound implications not just for the U.K. and Europe but also for the United States.
They didn’t let the old game down.Sep 22, 2014, Vol. 20, No. 02 • By C. J. CIARAMELLA
“Good old rugby football. All over the
British Isles its exponents were in the van of those who went.”
Bishop of Bloemfontein
and former British Lion, 1921
2:23 PM, Sep 2, 2014 • By GEOFFREY NORMAN
With the president attending this week's NATO summit in Wales, and the heightened concerns among the organization’s members – especially the newer ones with experience of hand’s-on Russian domination and rule – it might be profitable for our “allies” to consider some facts reported by Gideon Rachman in the
Before the trenchesSep 8, 2014, Vol. 19, No. 48 • By GEOFFREY NORMAN
The Great War did not begin in the trenches, in rain, mud, and dark futility. At first, the fighting was out in the open under blue skies and late summer sunshine. There were bugles and drums, and sometimes the troops even sang when they charged. French officers leading these attacks wore white gloves.
On the whole, Europe welcomed the war. One of England’s finest young poets, Rupert Brooke, wrote in gratitude
2:48 PM, Aug 15, 2014 • By JOSH COHEN
It was a threat Europe’s security services had long feared coming true.
2:32 PM, Aug 14, 2014 • By EDWARD ALEXANDER
In a Wall Street Journal op-ed piece of August 6 about “the surge of poisonous anti-Semitism around the world, particularly in Europe,” Andrew Nagorski had the temerity to note that “the president [Obama] has not prominently addressed the subject of rising anti-Semitism in Europe, much less its pervasiveness in the Muslim world.” This is, of course, an understatement.
5:33 PM, Aug 5, 2014 • By ETHAN EPSTEIN
Here, in the parlance of the times, is a “pro-tip.” When attempting to rebut the notion that anti-Semitism in Europe is largely a problem caused by young Muslim men, don’t cite two horrific anti-Semitic atrocities perpetrated by . . . young Muslim men.
11:58 AM, Jul 25, 2014 • By JEFFREY GEDMIN
I've lived in Europe the past dozen years—in Berlin, Prague, and London. When it comes to Israel, Europe's ways seldom cease to amaze.
2:12 PM, May 27, 2014 • By GEOFFREY NORMAN
Going by the returns, the voters were weary of high unemployment, economic growth that it would be charitable to call “sluggish,” and a high-living, rule-writing bureaucratic elite enthralled by its own policymaking genius and inclined to dismiss critics as ignorant racists.
Italy tries someone new.Apr 28, 2014, Vol. 19, No. 31 • By MICHAEL LEDEEN
Italy has long been Europe’s political laboratory, having invented fascism, incubated eurocommunism, launched the postwar economic miracle, and brought the social democratic nanny state to ruin. Most Italians are very unhappy, as well they might be. Unemployment is at record highs (13 percent overall, the highest in the history of the measurement, while for 15-24-year-olds, it’s 42 percent). The cost of living, as anyone who has visited recently will know, is outrageously high, and more and more parents are telling their children to learn German or English and emigrate.
1:26 PM, Apr 15, 2014 • By GEOFFREY NORMAN
The crisis in Ukraine has not reached the dreaded point where it turns into a shooting war. And likely it will not. So we hear no urgent analysis of things like objectives, interior lines, unity of command, logistical staying power, the durability of alliances, and the other matters that have been the concern of European strategists since the days of Napoleon.
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Final Test - Hard
|Name: _________________________||Period: ___________________|
This test consists of 5 short answer questions and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. At first, what are Agnes' feelings toward the young poet?
2. Is Michael happy with his daughter's choice of husband, and how does he address his son-in-law?
3. What is Michael doing when he is first seen in the last scene?
4. Why does Michael ask to reread the young poet's works a second time?
5. What does Agnes do with the "God Is Love" pillow when she hears Michael coming back into the room at the end of Act 3, Scene 2?
Essay Topic 1
Throughout the play there are intense scenes of drama, but also lighthearted instances of humor. Respond to the following with examples to support your essay:
1) When has humor been used in the play?
2) Why are these situations humorous and are they as humorous to Michael and Agnes as they are to the audience?
3) Why is it important to the author and the audience to break up the dramatic scenes of the play with bursts of humor?
Essay Topic 2
Though it is clear that Agnes and Michael are in love on their wedding night, there is still a strong sense of uneasiness being alone with each other. Compare the couple's wedding night with the morning of their move to a new apartment in the last scene.
1) What has changed between Agnes and Michael in their relationship?
2) How do they act toward each other in each situation?
3) What, if anything, has remained the same?
Essay Topic 3
Infidelity is an event that can ruin a marriage or bring spouses together. Michael confesses his infidelity to Agnes in the play, and the result is a closeness in their relationship for the couple. Using examples to support your answer, respond to the following:
1) What reasons does Michael give for why he cheated on Agnes? Are these reasons validated for Michael? For Agnes?
2) How do Michael and Agnes overcome infidelity and strengthen their relationship?
3) Does Michael's infidelity have a lasting affect on Agnes?
3) Does the author portray infidelity as something that is easily overcome in a marriage?
This section contains 1,799 words
(approx. 6 pages at 300 words per page)
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