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text stringlengths 1 10.6k	sentences sequencelengths 1 138 ⌀	parses sequencelengths 1 138 ⌀
On May 22, 2010, Morissette married rapper Mario “MC Souleye” Treadway.	[ "On May 22, 2010, Morissette married rapper Mario “MC Souleye” Treadway." ]	[ "(S (PP (IN On) (NP (NNP May) (CD 22) (, ,) (CD 2010))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VBD married) (NP (NN rapper) (NNP Mario) (`` “) (NNP MC) (NNP Souleye) ('' ”) (NNP Treadway))) (. .))" ]
Morissette has had many albums. Her 1995 album "Jagged Little Pill" became a very popular album. It has sold over 30 million copies worldwide. The album caused Morissette to win four Grammy Awards. The album "Jagged Little Pill" touched many people.	[ "Morissette has had many albums.", "Her 1995 album \"Jagged Little Pill\" became a very popular album.", "It has sold over 30 million copies worldwide.", "The album caused Morissette to win four Grammy Awards.", "The album \"Jagged Little Pill\" touched many people." ]	[ "(S (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN had) (NP (JJ many) (NNS albums)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (PRP$ Her) (CD 1995) (NN album)) (`` \") (NP (NNP Jagged) (NNP Little) (NNP Pill)) ('' \")) (VP (VBD became) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ popular)) (NN album))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN sold) (NP (QP (IN over) (CD 30) (CD million)) (NNS copies)) (ADVP (RB worldwide)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NN album)) (VP (VBD caused) (S (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB win) (NP (CD four) (NNP Grammy) (NNPS Awards)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN album)) (`` \") (NP (NNP Jagged) (NNP Little) (NNP Pill)) ('' \")) (VP (VBD touched) (NP (JJ many) (NNS people))) (. .))" ]
On the album, Morissette sang songs about many different things. These things include:	[ "On the album, Morissette sang songs about many different things.", "These things include:" ]	[ "(S (PP (IN On) (NP (DT the) (NN album))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VBD sang) (NP (NP (NNS songs)) (PP (IN about) (NP (JJ many) (JJ different) (NNS things))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT These) (NNS things)) (VP (VBP include)) (: :))" ]
Morissette has written many songs. Some of her most famous songs are:	[ "Morissette has written many songs.", "Some of her most famous songs are:" ]	[ "(S (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN written) (NP (JJ many) (NNS songs)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT Some)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ her) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ famous)) (NNS songs)))) (VP (VBP are)) (: :))" ]
Adobe Illustrator	[ "Adobe Illustrator" ]	[ "(NP (NNP Adobe) (NNP Illustrator))" ]
Adobe Illustrator is a computer program for making graphic design and illustrations. It is made by Adobe Systems. Pictures created in "Adobe Illustrator" can be made bigger or smaller, and look exactly the same at any size. It works well with the rest of the products with the Adobe name.	[ "Adobe Illustrator is a computer program for making graphic design and illustrations.", "It is made by Adobe Systems.", "Pictures created in \"Adobe Illustrator\" can be made bigger or smaller, and look exactly the same at any size.", "It works well with the rest of the products with the Adobe name." ]	[ "(S (NP (NNP Adobe) (NNP Illustrator)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN computer) (NN program)) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG making) (NP (JJ graphic) (NN design) (CC and) (NNS illustrations))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNP Adobe) (NNPS Systems))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (NNS Pictures)) (VP (VBN created) (PP (IN in) (`` \") (NP (NNP Adobe) (NNP Illustrator)) ('' \")))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN made) (S (ADJP (JJR bigger) (CC or) (JJR smaller))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VB look) (ADJP (RB exactly) (DT the) (JJ same)) (PP (IN at) (NP (DT any) (NN size)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ works) (ADVP (RB well)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN rest)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS products)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT the) (NNP Adobe) (NN name)))))))) (. .))" ]
It was first released in 1986 for the Apple Macintosh. The latest version is Adobe Illustrator CS6, part of Creative Suite 6.	[ "It was first released in 1986 for the Apple Macintosh.", "The latest version is Adobe Illustrator CS6, part of Creative Suite 6." ]	[ "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (ADVP (RB first)) (VP (VBN released) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1986))) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NNP Apple) (NNP Macintosh))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (JJS latest) (NN version)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NNP Adobe) (NNP Illustrator) (NNP CS6)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Creative) (NNP Suite) (CD 6)))))) (. .))" ]
Andouille	[ "Andouille" ]	[ "(NP (NNP Andouille))" ]
Andouille is a type of pork sausage. It is spicy (hot in taste) and smoked. There are different kinds, all with different combinations of pork meat, fat, intestines (tubes going to the stomach), and tripe (the wall of the stomach).	[ "Andouille is a type of pork sausage.", "It is spicy (hot in taste) and smoked.", "There are different kinds, all with different combinations of pork meat, fat, intestines (tubes going to the stomach), and tripe (the wall of the stomach)." ]	[ "(S (NP (NN Andouille)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN type)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN pork) (NN sausage))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (ADJP (ADJP (JJ spicy)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (ADJP (JJ hot) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN taste)))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (CC and) (VP (VBN smoked)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS kinds)) (, ,) (NP (DT all) (IN with) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS combinations)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN pork) (NN meat)) (, ,) (NP (NN fat)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNS intestines)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNS tubes)) (VP (VBG going) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN stomach)))))) (-RRB- -RRB-) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NN tripe)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN wall)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN stomach)))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (. .))" ]
Other sorts are "French andouille" and "German andouille"; they are less spicy than Cajun. Cajun has extra salt, black pepper, and garlic. Andouille makers smoke the sausages over pecan wood and sugar cane for a maximum of seven or eight hours, at about 175 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius).	[ "Other sorts are \"French andouille\" and \"German andouille\"; they are less spicy than Cajun.", "Cajun has extra salt, black pepper, and garlic.", "Andouille makers smoke the sausages over pecan wood and sugar cane for a maximum of seven or eight hours, at about 175 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius)." ]	[ "(S (S (NP (JJ Other) (NNS sorts)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (`` \") (NP (JJ French) (NN andouille)) ('' \") (CC and) (`` \") (NP (JJ German) (NN andouille)) ('' \")))) (: ;) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (ADJP (RBR less) (JJ spicy)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NNP Cajun)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP Cajun)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (JJ extra) (NML (NML (NN salt)) (, ,) (NP (JJ black) (NN pepper)) (, ,) (CC and) (NML (NN garlic))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Andouille) (NNS makers)) (VP (VBP smoke) (NP (DT the) (NNS sausages)) (PP (IN over) (NP (NP (NN pecan) (NN wood)) (CC and) (NP (NN sugar) (NN cane)))) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN maximum)) (PP (IN of) (NP (QP (CD seven) (CC or) (CD eight)) (NNS hours))))) (, ,) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 175)) (NNS degrees)) (NNP Fahrenheit)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (CD 80) (NNS degrees)) (NN Celsius)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))) (. .))" ]
Farming	[ "Farming" ]	[ "(NP (NN Farming))" ]
Farming is growing crops or keeping animals by people for food and raw materials. Farming is a part of agriculture.	[ "Farming is growing crops or keeping animals by people for food and raw materials.", "Farming is a part of agriculture." ]	[ "(S (NP (NN Farming)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VP (VBG growing) (NP (NNS crops))) (CC or) (VP (VBG keeping) (NP (NNS animals)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNS people))) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NN food)) (CC and) (NP (JJ raw) (NNS materials))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Farming)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN agriculture))))) (. .))" ]
Agriculture started thousands of years ago, but no one knows for sure how old it is. The development of farming gave rise to the Neolithic Revolution whereby people gave up nomadic hunting and became settlers in what became cities.	[ "Agriculture started thousands of years ago, but no one knows for sure how old it is.", "The development of farming gave rise to the Neolithic Revolution whereby people gave up nomadic hunting and became settlers in what became cities." ]	[ "(S (S (NP (NN Agriculture)) (VP (VBD started) (ADVP (NP (NP (NNS thousands)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS years)))) (RB ago)))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (DT no) (PRP one)) (VP (VBZ knows) (PP (IN for) (ADJP (JJ sure))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how) (JJ old)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN development)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN farming)))) (VP (VBD gave) (NP (NN rise)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Neolithic) (NNP Revolution)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB whereby)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VP (VBD gave) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (JJ nomadic) (NN hunting))) (CC and) (VP (VBD became) (NP (NNS settlers)) (PP (IN in) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBD became) (NP (NNS cities))))))))))))) (. .))" ]
Agriculture and domestication probably started in the Fertile Crescent (the Nile Valley, The Levant and Mesopotamia). The area called Fertile Crescent is now in the countries of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, and Egypt. Wheat and barley are some of the first crops people grew. People probably started agriculture slowly by planting a few crops, but still gathered many foods from the wild. People may have started farming because the weather and soil began to change. Farming can feed many more people than hunter-gatherers can feed on the same amount of land.	[ "Agriculture and domestication probably started in the Fertile Crescent (the Nile Valley, The Levant and Mesopotamia).", "The area called Fertile Crescent is now in the countries of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, and Egypt.", "Wheat and barley are some of the first crops people grew.", "People probably started agriculture slowly by planting a few crops, but still gathered many foods from the wild.", "People may have started farming because the weather and soil began to change.", "Farming can feed many more people than hunter-gatherers can feed on the same amount of land." ]	[ "(S (NP (NN Agriculture) (CC and) (NN domestication)) (ADVP (RB probably)) (VP (VBD started) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Fertile) (NNP Crescent)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Nile) (NNP Valley)) (, ,) (NP (DT The) (NNP Levant)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Mesopotamia))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN area)) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NNP Fertile) (NNP Crescent))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB now)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS countries)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Iraq) (, ,) (NNP Syria) (, ,) (NNP Turkey) (, ,) (NNP Jordan) (, ,) (NNP Lebanon) (, ,) (NNP Israel) (, ,) (CC and) (NNP Egypt)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Wheat) (CC and) (NN barley)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT some)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NNS crops)) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD grew)))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS People)) (ADVP (RB probably)) (VP (VP (VBD started) (NP (NN agriculture)) (ADVP (RB slowly)) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG planting) (NP (DT a) (JJ few) (NNS crops)))))) (, ,) (CC but) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VBD gathered) (NP (JJ many) (NNS foods)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (JJ wild))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN started) (S (VP (VBG farming))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT the) (NN weather) (CC and) (NN soil)) (VP (VBD began) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB change)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Farming)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB feed) (NP (NP (ADJP (JJ many) (JJR more)) (NNS people)) (SBAR (IN than) (S (NP (NN hunter) (HYPH -) (NNS gatherers)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB feed) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN amount)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN land)))))))))))) (. .))" ]
Arable farming means growing crops. This would include wheat or vegetables. Growing fruit means having orchards devoted to fruit. They cannot be switched easily with growing field crops. Therefore they are not classed as arable land in the statistics.	[ "Arable farming means growing crops.", "This would include wheat or vegetables.", "Growing fruit means having orchards devoted to fruit.", "They cannot be switched easily with growing field crops.", "Therefore they are not classed as arable land in the statistics." ]	[ "(S (NP (JJ Arable) (NN farming)) (VP (VBZ means) (S (VP (VBG growing) (NP (NNS crops))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB include) (NP (NN wheat) (CC or) (NNS vegetables)))) (. .))", "(S (S (VP (VBG Growing) (NP (NN fruit)))) (VP (VBZ means) (S (VP (VBG having) (S (NP (NNS orchards)) (VP (VBN devoted) (PP (IN to) (NP (NN fruit)))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (MD can) (RB not) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN switched) (ADVP (RB easily)) (PP (IN with) (NP (VBG growing) (NN field) (NNS crops)))))) (. .))", "(S (ADVP (RB Therefore)) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (RB not) (VP (VBN classed) (PP (IN as) (NP (JJ arable) (NN land))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNS statistics))))) (. .))" ]
Agriculture is not only growing food for people and animals, but also growing other things like flowers and nursery plants, manure or dung, animal hides (skins or furs), leather, animals, fungi, fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, and flax), biofuel , and drugs (biopharmaceuticals, marijuana, opium).	[ "Agriculture is not only growing food for people and animals, but also growing other things like flowers and nursery plants, manure or dung, animal hides (skins or furs), leather, animals, fungi, fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, and flax), biofuel , and drugs (biopharmaceuticals, marijuana, opium)." ]	[ "(S (NP (NN Agriculture)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (CONJP (RB not) (RB only)) (VP (VBG growing) (NP (NP (NN food)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNS people) (CC and) (NNS animals))))) (, ,) (CONJP (CC but) (RB also)) (VP (VBG growing) (NP (NP (JJ other) (NNS things)) (PP (IN like) (NP (NP (NP (NNS flowers)) (CC and) (NP (NN nursery) (NNS plants))) (, ,) (NP (NN manure) (CC or) (NN dung)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN animal) (NNS hides)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNS skins) (CC or) (NNS furs)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (, ,) (NP (NN leather)) (, ,) (NP (NNS animals)) (, ,) (NP (NNS fungi)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NP (NNS fibers)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN cotton) (, ,) (NN wool) (, ,) (NN hemp) (, ,) (CC and) (NN flax))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (, ,) (NP (NN biofuel)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NP (NNS drugs)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNS biopharmaceuticals) (, ,) (NN marijuana) (, ,) (NN opium))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (. .))" ]
Many people still live by subsistence agriculture, on a small farm. They can only grow enough food to feed the farmer, his family, and his animals. The yield is the amount of food grown on a given amount of land, and it is often low. This is because subsistence farmers are generally less educated, and they have less money to buy equipment. Drought and other problems sometimes cause famines. Where yields are low, deforestation can provide new land to grow more food. This provides more nutrition for the farmer's family, but can be bad for the country and the surrounding environment over many years.	[ "Many people still live by subsistence agriculture, on a small farm.", "They can only grow enough food to feed the farmer, his family, and his animals.", "The yield is the amount of food grown on a given amount of land, and it is often low.", "This is because subsistence farmers are generally less educated, and they have less money to buy equipment.", "Drought and other problems sometimes cause famines.", "Where yields are low, deforestation can provide new land to grow more food.", "This provides more nutrition for the farmer's family, but can be bad for the country and the surrounding environment over many years." ]	[ "(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VBP live) (PP (IN by) (NP (JJ subsistence) (NN agriculture))) (, ,) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT a) (JJ small) (NN farm)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VB grow) (NP (NP (JJ enough) (NN food)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB feed) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN farmer)) (, ,) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN family)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (PRP$ his) (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (DT The) (NN yield)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN amount)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN food)))) (VP (VBN grown) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBN given) (NN amount)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN land))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB often)) (ADJP (JJ low)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN because) (S (S (NP (NN subsistence) (NNS farmers)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB generally)) (ADJP (RBR less) (VBN educated)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (JJR less) (NN money)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB buy) (NP (NN equipment)))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (NN Drought)) (CC and) (NP (JJ other) (NNS problems))) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBP cause) (NP (NNS famines))) (. .))", "(S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB Where)) (S (NP (NNS yields)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ low))))) (, ,) (NP (NN deforestation)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB provide) (NP (NP (JJ new) (NN land)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB grow) (NP (JJR more) (NN food))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VP (VBZ provides) (NP (JJR more) (NN nutrition)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN farmer) (POS 's)) (NN family)))) (, ,) (CC but) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ bad) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN country)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (VBG surrounding) (NN environment))))) (PP (IN over) (NP (JJ many) (NNS years)))))) (. .))" ]
In some countries, farms are often fewer and larger. During the 20th century they have become more productive because farmers are able to grow better varieties of plants, use more fertilizer, use more water, and more easily control weeds and pests. Many farms also use machines, so fewer people can farm more land. There are fewer farmers in rich countries, but the farmers are able to grow more.	[ "In some countries, farms are often fewer and larger.", "During the 20th century they have become more productive because farmers are able to grow better varieties of plants, use more fertilizer, use more water, and more easily control weeds and pests.", "Many farms also use machines, so fewer people can farm more land.", "There are fewer farmers in rich countries, but the farmers are able to grow more." ]	[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT some) (NNS countries))) (, ,) (NP (NNS farms)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB often)) (ADJP (JJR fewer) (CC and) (JJR larger))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN During) (NP (DT the) (JJ 20th) (NN century))) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN become) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ productive)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS farmers)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB grow) (NP (NP (JJR better) (NNS varieties)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS plants))))) (, ,) (VP (VB use) (NP (JJR more) (NN fertilizer))) (, ,) (VP (VB use) (NP (JJR more) (NN water))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (ADVP (RBR more) (RB easily)) (VP (VB control) (NP (NNS weeds) (CC and) (NNS pests))))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS farms)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBP use) (NP (NNS machines)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN so) (S (NP (JJR fewer) (NNS people)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB farm) (NP (JJR more) (NN land))))))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (JJR fewer) (NNS farmers)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ rich) (NNS countries))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS farmers)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB grow) (NP (JJR more)))))))) (. .))" ]
This kind of intensive agriculture comes with its own set of problems. Farmers use a lot of chemical fertilizers, pesticides (chemicals that kill bugs), and herbicides (chemicals that kill weeds). These chemicals can pollute the soil or the water. They can also create bugs and weeds that are more resistant to the chemicals, causing outbreaks of these pests. The soil can be damaged by erosion (blowing or washing away), salt buildup, or loss of structure. Irrigation (adding water from rivers) can pollute water and lower the water table. These problems have all got solutions, and modern young farmers usually have a good technical education.	[ "This kind of intensive agriculture comes with its own set of problems.", "Farmers use a lot of chemical fertilizers, pesticides (chemicals that kill bugs), and herbicides (chemicals that kill weeds).", "These chemicals can pollute the soil or the water.", "They can also create bugs and weeds that are more resistant to the chemicals, causing outbreaks of these pests.", "The soil can be damaged by erosion (blowing or washing away), salt buildup, or loss of structure.", "Irrigation (adding water from rivers) can pollute water and lower the water table.", "These problems have all got solutions, and modern young farmers usually have a good technical education." ]	[ "(S (NP (NP (DT This) (NN kind)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ intensive) (NN agriculture)))) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ own) (NN set)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS problems)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS Farmers)) (VP (VBP use) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN lot)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN chemical) (NNS fertilizers)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNS pesticides)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNS chemicals)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP kill) (NP (NNS bugs)))))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNS herbicides)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNS chemicals)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP kill) (NP (NNS weeds)))))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT These) (NNS chemicals)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB pollute) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN soil)) (CC or) (NP (DT the) (NN water))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VB create) (NP (NP (NNS bugs) (CC and) (NNS weeds)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ resistant) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NNS chemicals)))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG causing) (NP (NP (NNS outbreaks)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (NNS pests)))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NN soil)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN damaged) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NN erosion)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (ADVP (NN blowing) (CC or) (VBG washing) (ADVP (RB away))) (-RRB- -RRB-) (, ,) (NP (NN salt) (NN buildup)) (, ,) (CC or) (NP (NP (NN loss)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN structure))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (NN Irrigation)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (S (VP (VBG adding) (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS rivers))))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VP (VB pollute) (NP (NN water))) (CC and) (VP (VB lower) (NP (DT the) (NN water) (NN table))))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (DT These) (NNS problems)) (VP (VBP have) (DT all) (VP (VBN got) (NP (NNS solutions))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (JJ modern) (JJ young) (NNS farmers)) (ADVP (RB usually)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (JJ technical) (NN education)))) (. .))" ]
Farmers select plants with better yield, taste, and nutritional value. They also choose plants that can survive plant disease and drought, and are easier to harvest. Centuries of artificial selection and breeding have changed crop plants. The crops produce better yield. Fertilizers, chemical pest control, and irrigation all help.	[ "Farmers select plants with better yield, taste, and nutritional value.", "They also choose plants that can survive plant disease and drought, and are easier to harvest.", "Centuries of artificial selection and breeding have changed crop plants.", "The crops produce better yield.", "Fertilizers, chemical pest control, and irrigation all help." ]	[ "(S (NP (NNS Farmers)) (VP (VBP select) (NP (NP (NNS plants)) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJR better) (NML (NML (NN yield)) (, ,) (NML (NN taste)) (, ,) (CC and) (NML (JJ nutritional) (NN value))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBP choose) (NP (NP (NNS plants)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VP (MD can) (VP (VB survive) (NP (NN plant) (NN disease) (CC and) (NN drought)))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJR easier) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB harvest)))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (NNS Centuries)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ artificial) (NN selection) (CC and) (NN breeding)))) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN changed) (NP (NN crop) (NNS plants)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NNS crops)) (VP (VBP produce) (NP (JJR better) (NN yield))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (NNS Fertilizers)) (, ,) (NP (NN chemical) (NN pest) (NN control)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN irrigation))) (DT all) (VP (VBP help)) (. .))" ]
Some plants are improved with genetic engineering. One example is modifying the plant to resist herbicides.	[ "Some plants are improved with genetic engineering.", "One example is modifying the plant to resist herbicides." ]	[ "(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS plants)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN improved) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ genetic) (NN engineering))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (CD One) (NN example)) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (VBG modifying) (NP (DT the) (NN plant)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB resist) (NP (NNS herbicides)))))))) (. .))" ]
It is important for there to be enough food for everyone. The food must also be safe and good. People say it is not always safe, because it contains some chemicals. Other people say intensive agriculture is damaging the environment. For this reason, there are several types of agriculture.	[ "It is important for there to be enough food for everyone.", "The food must also be safe and good.", "People say it is not always safe, because it contains some chemicals.", "Other people say intensive agriculture is damaging the environment.", "For this reason, there are several types of agriculture." ]	[ "(S (NP (NP (PRP It))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ important)) (SBAR (IN for) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (JJ enough) (NN food)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN everyone))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NN food)) (VP (MD must) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ safe) (CC and) (JJ good)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (ADVP (RB always)) (ADJP (JJ safe)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ contains) (NP (DT some) (NNS chemicals))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (JJ Other) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (NP (JJ intensive) (NN agriculture)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG damaging) (NP (DT the) (NN environment))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN For) (NP (DT this) (NN reason))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ several) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN agriculture))))) (. .))" ]
Agricultural policy focuses on the goals and methods of agricultural production. Common goals of policy include the quality, amount, and safety of food.	[ "Agricultural policy focuses on the goals and methods of agricultural production.", "Common goals of policy include the quality, amount, and safety of food." ]	[ "(S (NP (JJ Agricultural) (NN policy)) (VP (VBZ focuses) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS goals) (CC and) (NNS methods)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ agricultural) (NN production)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (JJ Common) (NNS goals)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN policy)))) (VP (VBP include) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN quality) (, ,) (NN amount) (, ,) (CC and) (NN safety)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN food))))) (. .))" ]
There are some serious problems that people face trying to grow food today.	[ "There are some serious problems that people face trying to grow food today." ]	[ "(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT some) (JJ serious) (NNS problems)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP face) (S (VP (VBG trying) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB grow) (NP (NN food))))) (NP (NN today))))))))) (. .))" ]
These include:	[ "These include:" ]	[ "(S (NP (DT These)) (VP (VBP include)) (: :))" ]
The major crops produced in the world in 2002, are maize (corn), wheat, rice, and cotton.	[ "The major crops produced in the world in 2002, are maize (corn), wheat, rice, and cotton." ]	[ "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ major) (NNS crops)) (VP (VBN produced) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN world))) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 2002))))) (, ,) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NP (NN maize)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN corn)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (, ,) (NN wheat) (, ,) (NN rice) (, ,) (CC and) (NN cotton))) (. .))" ]
Arithmetic	[ "Arithmetic" ]	[ "(NP (NN Arithmetic))" ]
In mathematics, arithmetic is the basic study of numbers. The four basic arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, although other operations such as exponentiation and extraction of roots are also studied in arithmetic.	[ "In mathematics, arithmetic is the basic study of numbers.", "The four basic arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, although other operations such as exponentiation and extraction of roots are also studied in arithmetic." ]	[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNS mathematics))) (, ,) (NP (NN arithmetic)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ basic) (NN study)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS numbers))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (CD four) (JJ basic) (NN arithmetic) (NNS operations)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NN addition) (, ,) (NN subtraction) (, ,) (NN multiplication) (, ,) (CC and) (NN division)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN although) (S (NP (NP (JJ other) (NNS operations)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (NN exponentiation) (CC and) (NN extraction)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS roots)))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBN studied) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN arithmetic)))))))) (. .))" ]
Other arithmetic topics includes working with signed numbers, fractions, decimals and percentages.	[ "Other arithmetic topics includes working with signed numbers, fractions, decimals and percentages." ]	[ "(S (NP (JJ Other) (JJ arithmetic) (NNS topics)) (VP (VBZ includes) (S (VP (VBG working) (PP (IN with) (NP (VBN signed) (NNS numbers) (, ,) (NNS fractions) (, ,) (NNS decimals) (CC and) (NNS percentages)))))) (. .))" ]
Most people learn arithmetic in primary school, but some people do not learn arithmetic and others forget the arithmetic they learned. Many jobs require a knowledge of arithmetic, and many employers complain that it is hard to find people who know enough arithmetic. A few of the many jobs that require arithmetic include carpenters, plumbers, auto mechanics, accountants, architects, doctors, and nurses. Arithmetic is needed in all areas of mathematics, science, and engineering.	[ "Most people learn arithmetic in primary school, but some people do not learn arithmetic and others forget the arithmetic they learned.", "Many jobs require a knowledge of arithmetic, and many employers complain that it is hard to find people who know enough arithmetic.", "A few of the many jobs that require arithmetic include carpenters, plumbers, auto mechanics, accountants, architects, doctors, and nurses.", "Arithmetic is needed in all areas of mathematics, science, and engineering." ]	[ "(S (S (NP (JJS Most) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP learn) (NP (NN arithmetic)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ primary) (NN school))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (S (NP (DT some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB learn) (NP (NN arithmetic))))) (CC and) (S (NP (NNS others)) (VP (VBP forget) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN arithmetic)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD learned)))))))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS jobs)) (VP (VBP require) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN knowledge)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN arithmetic)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (JJ many) (NNS employers)) (VP (VBP complain) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ hard)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP know) (NP (JJ enough) (NN arithmetic)))))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ few)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ many) (NNS jobs)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP require) (NP (NN arithmetic)))))))) (VP (VBP include) (NP (NP (NNS carpenters)) (, ,) (NP (NNS plumbers)) (, ,) (NP (NN auto) (NNS mechanics)) (, ,) (NP (NNS accountants)) (, ,) (NP (NNS architects)) (, ,) (NP (NNS doctors)) (, ,) (CC and) (NNS nurses))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Arithmetic)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN needed) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT all) (NNS areas)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS mathematics) (, ,) (NN science) (, ,) (CC and) (NN engineering))))))) (. .))" ]
Some arithmetic can be carried out mentally. A calculator can also be used to perform arithmetic. Computers can do it more quickly, which is one reason Global Positioning System receivers have a small computer inside.	[ "Some arithmetic can be carried out mentally.", "A calculator can also be used to perform arithmetic.", "Computers can do it more quickly, which is one reason Global Positioning System receivers have a small computer inside." ]	[ "(S (NP (DT Some) (NN arithmetic)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN carried) (PRT (RP out)) (ADVP (RB mentally))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT A) (NN calculator)) (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB perform) (NP (NN arithmetic)))))))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (NNS Computers)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB do) (NP (PRP it)) (ADVP (RBR more) (RB quickly))))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (CD one) (NN reason)) (SBAR (S (NP (NML (NNP Global) (NNP Positioning) (NNP System)) (NNS receivers)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (JJ small) (NN computer)) (ADVP (RB inside))))))))) (. .))" ]
Addition	[ "Addition" ]	[ "(NP (NN Addition))" ]
In mathematics, addition, represented by the symbol formula_1, is an operation which combines two mathematical objects together into another mathematical object of the same type, called the sum. Addition can occur with simple objects such as numbers, and more complex objects such as vectors and matrices.	[ "In mathematics, addition, represented by the symbol formula_1, is an operation which combines two mathematical objects together into another mathematical object of the same type, called the sum.", "Addition can occur with simple objects such as numbers, and more complex objects such as vectors and matrices." ]	[ "(SINV (PP (IN In) (NP (NNS mathematics))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN addition)) (, ,) (VBN represented) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN symbol)) ($ formula_1) (, ,))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN operation)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ combines) (NP (CD two) (JJ mathematical) (NNS objects)) (ADVP (RB together)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (NP (DT another) (JJ mathematical) (NN object)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN type)))) (, ,) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sum))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Addition)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB occur) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NP (JJ simple) (NNS objects)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NNS numbers)))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ complex)) (NNS objects)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NNS vectors) (CC and) (NNS matrices)))))))) (. .))" ]
In arithmetic, addition is finding the total of two or more numbers. The sign for addition is "+", and the name for the sign "+" is "plus". Another name for the total is the sum.	[ "In arithmetic, addition is finding the total of two or more numbers.", "The sign for addition is \"+\", and the name for the sign \"+\" is \"plus\".", "Another name for the total is the sum." ]	[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NN arithmetic))) (, ,) (NP (NN addition)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG finding) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN total)) (PP (IN of) (NP (QP (CD two) (CC or) (JJR more)) (NNS numbers)))))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sign)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN addition)))) (VP (VBZ is) (`` \") (NN +))) (, \") (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN name)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sign)) (`` \") (FW +) ('' \")))) (VP (VBZ is) (`` \") (NP (JJR plus)))) (. \") (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT Another) (NN name)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NN total)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN sum))) (. .))" ]
For example, there are objects in two groups. The objects are small circles: "o". One group has five of these objects. The other group has three of these objects. To find the total number of objects in both groups, the objects can be counted. Another way to find the number of objects in both groups is to add the numbers in each group.	[ "For example, there are objects in two groups.", "The objects are small circles: \"o\".", "One group has five of these objects.", "The other group has three of these objects.", "To find the total number of objects in both groups, the objects can be counted.", "Another way to find the number of objects in both groups is to add the numbers in each group." ]	[ "(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NNS objects)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD two) (NNS groups)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NNS objects)) (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ small) (NNS circles)) (: :) (`` \") (INTJ (FW o)) ('' \")) (. .))", "(S (NP (CD One) (NN group)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (CD five)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (NNS objects))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (JJ other) (NN group)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (CD three)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (NNS objects))))) (. .))", "(S (S (VP (TO To) (VP (VB find) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ total) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS objects))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT both) (NNS groups))))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNS objects)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN counted)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT Another) (NN way)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS objects))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT both) (NNS groups))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB add) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS numbers)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT each) (NN group)))))))) (. .))" ]
Another method is to add the numbers of objects in group A and group B, since they are already counted. In symbols:	[ "Another method is to add the numbers of objects in group A and group B, since they are already counted.", "In symbols:" ]	[ "(S (NP (DT Another) (NN method)) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB add) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS numbers)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS objects)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN group) (NN A)) (CC and) (NP (NN group) (NN B)))))))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN since) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB already)) (VP (VBN counted)))))) (. .))", "(PP (IN In) (NP (NNS symbols)) (: :))" ]
There are rules for adding numbers that people learn. There are also rules for adding numbers that are built into machines (binary adder). The rule says that:	[ "There are rules for adding numbers that people learn.", "There are also rules for adding numbers that are built into machines (binary adder).", "The rule says that:" ]	[ "(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NNS rules)) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG adding) (NP (NP (NNS numbers)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP learn)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB also)) (NP (NP (NP (NNS rules)) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG adding) (NP (NP (NNS numbers)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN built) (PP (IN into) (NP (NNS machines)))))))))))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ binary) (NN adder)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NN rule)) (VP (VBZ says) (NP (IN that))) (: :))" ]
In another counting example, Sally and Bill have 2 children. Sally and Bill get 3 more children. Sally and Bill have added three children to their two children, and now have five children.	[ "In another counting example, Sally and Bill have 2 children.", "Sally and Bill get 3 more children.", "Sally and Bill have added three children to their two children, and now have five children." ]	[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT another) (NN counting) (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Sally) (CC and) (NNP Bill)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (CD 2) (NNS children))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP Sally) (CC and) (NNP Bill)) (VP (VBP get) (NP (ADJP (CD 3) (JJR more)) (NNS children))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP Sally) (CC and) (NNP Bill)) (VP (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN added) (NP (CD three) (NNS children)) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP$ their) (CD two) (NNS children))))) (, ,) (CC and) (ADVP (RB now)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (CD five) (NNS children)))) (. .))" ]
Vertical Addition	[ "Vertical Addition" ]	[ "(NP (NNP Vertical) (NNP Addition))" ]
The animation above demonstrates the addition of seven hundred and eighty six and four hundred and sixty seven, the problems digits have been separated into units, tens and hundreds (place value).	[ "The animation above demonstrates the addition of seven hundred and eighty six and four hundred and sixty seven, the problems digits have been separated into units, tens and hundreds (place value)." ]	[ "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN animation)) (ADVP (RB above))) (VP (VBZ demonstrates) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN addition)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (CD seven) (NNS hundred) (CC and) (CD eighty) (CD six)) (CC and) (NP (QP (CD four) (CD hundred) (CC and) (CD sixty) (CD seven)))))) (, ,) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS problems) (NNS digits)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN separated) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (NNS units) (, ,) (NNS tens) (CC and) (NNS hundreds)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN place) (NN value)) (-RRB- -RRB-))))))))) (. .))" ]