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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between phenytoin medication and cerebellar atrophy in patients who had experienced clinical intoxication .
### Output Text: | The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> medication and cerebellar atrophy in patients who had experienced clinical intoxication . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Five females and 6 males , 21 - 59 years of age , were examined with a 1 . 5 - T whole - body system using a circular polarized head coil .
### Output Text: | Five females and 6 males , 21 - 59 years of age , were examined with a 1 . 5 - T whole - body system using a circular polarized head coil . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Conventional spin echo images were acquired in the sagittal and transverse orientation .
### Output Text: | Conventional spin echo images were acquired in the sagittal and transverse orientation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In addition , we performed a high - resolution 3D gradient echo , T1 - weighted sequences at a 1 - mm slice thickness .
### Output Text: | In addition , we performed a high - resolution 3D gradient echo , T1 - weighted sequences at a 1 - mm slice thickness . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The images were subsequently processed to obtain volumetric data for the cerebellum .
### Output Text: | The images were subsequently processed to obtain volumetric data for the cerebellum . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cerebellar volume for the patient group ranged between 67 . 66 and 131 . 08 ml ( mean 108 . 9 ml ) .
### Output Text: | Cerebellar volume for the patient group ranged between 67 . 66 and 131 . 08 ml ( mean 108 . 9 ml ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In addition 3D gradient echo data sets from 10 healthy male and 10 healthy female age - matched volunteers were used to compare cerebellar volumes .
### Output Text: | In addition 3D gradient echo data sets from 10 healthy male and 10 healthy female age - matched volunteers were used to compare cerebellar volumes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Using linear regression we found that no correlation exists between seizure duration , elevation of phenytoin serum levels and cerebellar volume .
### Output Text: | Using linear regression we found that no correlation exists between seizure duration , elevation of <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> serum levels and cerebellar volume . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , multiple regression for the daily dosage , duration of phenytoin treatment and cerebellar volume revealed a correlation of these parameters .
### Output Text: | However , multiple regression for the daily dosage , duration of <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> treatment and cerebellar volume revealed a correlation of these parameters . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We conclude that phenytoin overdosage does not necessarily result in cerebellar atrophy and it is unlikely that phenytoin medication was the only cause of cerebellar atrophy in the remaining patients .
### Output Text: | We conclude that <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> overdosage does not necessarily result in cerebellar atrophy and it is unlikely that <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> medication was the only cause of cerebellar atrophy in the remaining patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Quantitative morphometric studies of the cerebellum provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of cerebellar disorders .
### Output Text: | Quantitative morphometric studies of the cerebellum provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of cerebellar disorders . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Late recovery of renal function in a woman with the hemolytic uremic syndrome .
### Output Text: | Late recovery of renal function in a woman with the hemolytic uremic syndrome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A case is reported of the hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS ) in a woman taking oral contraceptives .
### Output Text: | A case is reported of the hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS ) in a woman taking <span class="chemical">oral contraceptives</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: She was treated with heparin , dipyridamole and hemodialysis ; and after more than three months , her urinary output rose above 500 ml ; and six months after the onset of anuria , dialysis treatment was stopped .
### Output Text: | She was treated with <span class="chemical">heparin</span> , <span class="chemical">dipyridamole</span> and hemodialysis ; and after more than three months , her urinary output rose above 500 ml ; and six months after the onset of anuria , dialysis treatment was stopped . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This case emphasizes the possibility that HUS in adults is not invariably irreversible and that , despite prolonged oliguria , recovery of renal function can be obtained .
### Output Text: | This case emphasizes the possibility that HUS in adults is not invariably irreversible and that , despite prolonged oliguria , recovery of renal function can be obtained . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Therefore , in adult patients affected by HUS , dialysis should not be discontinued prematurely ; moreover , bilateral nephrectomy , for treatment of severe hypertension and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia , should be performed with caution .
### Output Text: | Therefore , in adult patients affected by HUS , dialysis should not be discontinued prematurely ; moreover , bilateral nephrectomy , for treatment of severe hypertension and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia , should be performed with caution . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Morphological features of encephalopathy after chronic administration of the antiepileptic drug valproate to rats .
### Output Text: | Morphological features of encephalopathy after chronic administration of the antiepileptic drug <span class="chemical">valproate</span> to rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A transmission electron microscopic study of capillaries in the cerebellar cortex .
### Output Text: | A transmission electron microscopic study of capillaries in the cerebellar cortex . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Long - term intragastric application of the antiepileptic drug sodium valproate ( Vupral " Polfa " ) at the effective dose of 200 mg / kg b .
### Output Text: | Long - term intragastric application of the antiepileptic drug <span class="chemical">sodium valproate</span> ( Vupral " Polfa " ) at the effective dose of 200 mg / kg b . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: w . once daily to rats for 1 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months revealed neurological disorders indicating cerebellum damage ( " valproate encephalopathy " ) .
### Output Text: | w . once daily to rats for 1 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months revealed neurological disorders indicating cerebellum damage ( " <span class="chemical">valproate</span> encephalopathy " ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The first ultrastructural changes in structural elements of the blood - brain - barrier ( BBB ) in the cerebellar cortex were detectable after 3 months of the experiment .
### Output Text: | The first ultrastructural changes in structural elements of the blood - brain - barrier ( BBB ) in the cerebellar cortex were detectable after 3 months of the experiment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: They became more severe in the later months of the experiment , and were most severe after 12 months , located mainly in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex .
### Output Text: | They became more severe in the later months of the experiment , and were most severe after 12 months , located mainly in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Lesions of the capillary included necrosis of endothelial cells .
### Output Text: | Lesions of the capillary included necrosis of endothelial cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Organelles of these cells , in particular the mitochondria ( increased number and size , distinct degeneration of their matrix and cristae ) and Golgi apparatus were altered .
### Output Text: | Organelles of these cells , in particular the mitochondria ( increased number and size , distinct degeneration of their matrix and cristae ) and Golgi apparatus were altered . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Reduced size of capillary lumen and occlusion were caused by swollen endothelial cells which had luminal protrusions and swollen microvilli .
### Output Text: | Reduced size of capillary lumen and occlusion were caused by swollen endothelial cells which had <span class="chemical">luminal</span> protrusions and swollen microvilli . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pressure on the vessel wall was produced by enlarged perivascular astrocytic processes .
### Output Text: | Pressure on the vessel wall was produced by enlarged perivascular astrocytic processes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Fragments of necrotic endothelial cells were in the vascular lumens and in these there was loosening and breaking of tight cellular junctions .
### Output Text: | Fragments of necrotic endothelial cells were in the vascular lumens and in these there was loosening and breaking of tight cellular junctions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Damage to the vascular basement lamina was also observed .
### Output Text: | Damage to the vascular basement lamina was also observed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Damage to the capillary was accompanied by marked damage to neuroglial cells , mainly to perivascular processes of astrocytes .
### Output Text: | Damage to the capillary was accompanied by marked damage to neuroglial cells , mainly to perivascular processes of astrocytes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The proliferation of astrocytes ( Bergmann ' s in particular ) and occasionally of oligodendrocytes was found .
### Output Text: | The proliferation of astrocytes ( Bergmann ' s in particular ) and occasionally of oligodendrocytes was found . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Alterations in the structural elements of the BBB coexisted with marked lesions of neurons of the cerebellum ( Purkinje cells are earliest ) .
### Output Text: | Alterations in the structural elements of the BBB coexisted with marked lesions of neurons of the cerebellum ( Purkinje cells are earliest ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In electron micrographs both luminal and antiluminal sides of the BBB of the cerebellar cortex had similar lesions .
### Output Text: | In electron micrographs both <span class="chemical">luminal</span> and antiluminal sides of the BBB of the cerebellar cortex had similar lesions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The possible influence of the hepatic damage , mainly hyperammonemia , upon the development of valproate encephalopathy is discussed .
### Output Text: | The possible influence of the hepatic damage , mainly hyperammonemia , upon the development of <span class="chemical">valproate</span> encephalopathy is discussed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Fatal intracranial bleeding associated with prehospital use of epinephrine .
### Output Text: | Fatal intracranial bleeding associated with prehospital use of <span class="chemical">epinephrine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We present a case of paramedic misjudgment in the execution of a protocol for the treatment of allergic reaction in a case of pulmonary edema with wheezing .
### Output Text: | We present a case of paramedic misjudgment in the execution of a protocol for the treatment of allergic reaction in a case of pulmonary edema with wheezing . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The sudden onset of respiratory distress , rash , and a history of a new medicine led the two paramedics on the scene to administer subcutaneous epinephrine .
### Output Text: | The sudden onset of respiratory distress , rash , and a history of a new medicine led the two paramedics on the scene to administer subcutaneous <span class="chemical">epinephrine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Subsequently , acute cardiac arrest and fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred .
### Output Text: | Subsequently , acute cardiac arrest and fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Epinephrine has a proven role in cardiac arrest in prehospital care ; however , use by paramedics in patients with suspected allergic reaction and severe hypertension should be viewed with caution .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Epinephrine</span> has a proven role in cardiac arrest in prehospital care ; however , use by paramedics in patients with suspected allergic reaction and severe hypertension should be viewed with caution . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Role of activation of bradykinin B2 receptors in disruption of the blood - brain barrier during acute hypertension .
### Output Text: | Role of activation of <span class="chemical">bradykinin</span> B2 receptors in disruption of the blood - brain barrier during acute hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cellular mechanisms which account for disruption the blood - brain barrier during acute hypertension are not clear .
### Output Text: | Cellular mechanisms which account for disruption the blood - brain barrier during acute hypertension are not clear . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The goal of this study was to determine the role of synthesis / release of bradykinin to activate B2 receptors in disruption of the blood - brain barrier during acute hypertension .
### Output Text: | The goal of this study was to determine the role of synthesis / release of <span class="chemical">bradykinin</span> to activate B2 receptors in disruption of the blood - brain barrier during acute hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Permeability of the blood - brain barrier was quantitated by clearance of fluorescent - labeled dextran before and during phenylephrine - induced acute hypertension in rats treated with vehicle and Hoe - 140 ( 0 . 1 microM ) .
### Output Text: | Permeability of the blood - brain barrier was quantitated by clearance of fluorescent - labeled <span class="chemical">dextran</span> before and during <span class="chemical">phenylephrine</span> - induced acute hypertension in rats treated with vehicle and <span class="chemical">Hoe - 140</span> ( 0 . 1 microM ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Phenylephrine infusion increased arterial pressure , arteriolar diameter and clearance of fluorescent dextran by a similar magnitude in both groups .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Phenylephrine</span> infusion increased arterial pressure , arteriolar diameter and clearance of fluorescent <span class="chemical">dextran</span> by a similar magnitude in both groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These findings suggest that disruption of the blood - brain barrier during acute hypertension is not related to the synthesis / release of bradykinin to activate B2 receptors .
### Output Text: | These findings suggest that disruption of the blood - brain barrier during acute hypertension is not related to the synthesis / release of <span class="chemical">bradykinin</span> to activate B2 receptors . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss in preterm infants .
### Output Text: | Risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss in preterm infants . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Among 547 preterm infants of < or = 34 weeks gestation born between 1987 and 1991 , 8 children ( 1 . 46 % ) developed severe progressive and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss .
### Output Text: | Among 547 preterm infants of < or = 34 weeks gestation born between 1987 and 1991 , 8 children ( 1 . 46 % ) developed severe progressive and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Perinatal risk factors of infants with hearing loss were compared with those of two control groups matched for gestation and birth weight and for perinatal complications .
### Output Text: | Perinatal risk factors of infants with hearing loss were compared with those of two control groups matched for gestation and birth weight and for perinatal complications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Our observations demonstrated an association of hearing loss with a higher incidence of perinatal complications .
### Output Text: | Our observations demonstrated an association of hearing loss with a higher incidence of perinatal complications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Ototoxicity appeared closely related to a prolonged administration and higher total dose of ototoxic drugs , particularly aminoglycosides and furosemide .
### Output Text: | Ototoxicity appeared closely related to a prolonged administration and higher total dose of ototoxic drugs , particularly <span class="chemical">aminoglycosides</span> and <span class="chemical">furosemide</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Finally , we strongly recommend to prospectively and regularly perform audiologic assessment in sick preterm children as hearing loss is of delayed onset and in most cases bilateral and severe .
### Output Text: | Finally , we strongly recommend to prospectively and regularly perform audiologic assessment in sick preterm children as hearing loss is of delayed onset and in most cases bilateral and severe . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Seizure resulting from a venlafaxine overdose .
### Output Text: | Seizure resulting from a <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> overdose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To report a case of venlafaxine overdose .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : To report a case of <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> overdose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CASE SUMMARY : A 40 - year - old woman with major depression took an overdose of venlafaxine in an apparent suicide attempt .
### Output Text: | CASE SUMMARY : A 40 - year - old woman with major depression took an overdose of <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> in an apparent suicide attempt . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After the ingestion of 26 venlafaxine 50 - mg tablets , the patient experienced a witnessed generalized seizure .
### Output Text: | After the ingestion of 26 <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> 50 - mg tablets , the patient experienced a witnessed generalized seizure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: She was admitted to the medical intensive care unit , venlafaxine was discontinued , and no further sequelae were seen .
### Output Text: | She was admitted to the medical intensive care unit , <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> was discontinued , and no further sequelae were seen . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: DISCUSSION : To our knowledge , this is the first reported case of venlafaxine overdose that resulted in a generalized seizure .
### Output Text: | DISCUSSION : To our knowledge , this is the first reported case of <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> overdose that resulted in a generalized seizure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Based on nonoverdose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of venlafaxine and the potential risks of available interventions , no emergent therapy was instituted .
### Output Text: | Based on nonoverdose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> and the potential risks of available interventions , no emergent therapy was instituted . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : The venlafaxine overdose in our patient resulted in a single episode of generalized seizure but elicited no further sequelae .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : The <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> overdose in our patient resulted in a single episode of generalized seizure but elicited no further sequelae . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Combined effects of prolonged prostaglandin E1 - induced hypotension and haemodilution on human hepatic function .
### Output Text: | Combined effects of prolonged <span class="chemical">prostaglandin E1</span> - induced hypotension and haemodilution on human hepatic function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Combined effects of prolonged prostaglandin E1 ( PGE1 ) - induced hypotension and haemodilution on hepatic function were studied in 30 patients undergoing hip surgery .
### Output Text: | Combined effects of prolonged <span class="chemical">prostaglandin E1</span> ( <span class="chemical">PGE1</span> ) - induced hypotension and haemodilution on hepatic function were studied in 30 patients undergoing hip surgery . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups ; those in group A ( n = 10 ) were subjected to controlled hypotension alone , those in group B ( n = 10 ) to haemodilution alone and those in group C ( n = 10 ) to both controlled hypotension and haemodilution .
### Output Text: | The patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups ; those in group A ( n = 10 ) were subjected to controlled hypotension alone , those in group B ( n = 10 ) to haemodilution alone and those in group C ( n = 10 ) to both controlled hypotension and haemodilution . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Haemodilution in groups B and C was produced by withdrawing approximately 1000 mL of blood and replacing it with the same amount of dextran solution , and final haematocrit values were 21 or 22 % .
### Output Text: | Haemodilution in groups B and C was produced by withdrawing approximately 1000 mL of blood and replacing it with the same amount of <span class="chemical">dextran</span> solution , and final haematocrit values were 21 or 22 % . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Controlled hypotension in groups A and C was induced with PGE1 to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at 55 mmHg for 180 min .
### Output Text: | Controlled hypotension in groups A and C was induced with <span class="chemical">PGE1</span> to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at 55 mmHg for 180 min . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Measurements included arterial ketone body ratio ( AKBR , aceto - acetate / 3 - hydroxybutyrate ) and clinical hepatic function parameters .
### Output Text: | Measurements included arterial ketone body ratio ( AKBR , <span class="chemical">aceto - acetate</span> / <span class="chemical">3 - hydroxybutyrate</span> ) and clinical hepatic function parameters . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: AKBR and biological hepatic function tests showed no change throughout the time course in groups A and B .
### Output Text: | AKBR and biological hepatic function tests showed no change throughout the time course in groups A and B . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In group C , AKBR showed a significant decrease at 120 min ( - 40 % ) and at 180 min ( - 49 % ) after the start of hypotension and at 60 min ( - 32 % ) after recovery of normotension , and SGOT , SGPT , LDH and total bilirubin showed significant increases after operation .
### Output Text: | In group C , AKBR showed a significant decrease at 120 min ( - 40 % ) and at 180 min ( - 49 % ) after the start of hypotension and at 60 min ( - 32 % ) after recovery of normotension , and SGOT , SGPT , LDH and total <span class="chemical">bilirubin</span> showed significant increases after operation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The results suggest that a prolonged combination of more than 120 min of PGE1 - induced hypotension and moderate haemodilution would cause impairment of hepatic function .
### Output Text: | The results suggest that a prolonged combination of more than 120 min of <span class="chemical">PGE1</span> - induced hypotension and moderate haemodilution would cause impairment of hepatic function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cardiovascular alterations in rat fetuses exposed to calcium channel blockers .
### Output Text: | Cardiovascular alterations in rat fetuses exposed to <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel blockers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Preclinical toxicologic investigation suggested that a new calcium channel blocker , Ro 40 - 5967 , induced cardiovascular alterations in rat fetuses exposed to this agent during organogenesis .
### Output Text: | Preclinical toxicologic investigation suggested that a new <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel blocker , <span class="chemical">Ro 40 - 5967</span> , induced cardiovascular alterations in rat fetuses exposed to this agent during organogenesis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that calcium channel blockers in general induce cardiovascular malformations indicating a pharmacologic class effect .
### Output Text: | The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel blockers in general induce cardiovascular malformations indicating a pharmacologic class effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We studied three calcium channel blockers of different structure , nifedipine , diltiazem , and verapamil , along with the new agent .
### Output Text: | We studied three <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel blockers of different structure , <span class="chemical">nifedipine</span> , <span class="chemical">diltiazem</span> , and <span class="chemical">verapamil</span> , along with the new agent . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pregnant rats were administered one of these calcium channel blockers during the period of cardiac morphogenesis and the offspring examined on day 20 of gestation for cardiovascular malformations .
### Output Text: | Pregnant rats were administered one of these <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel blockers during the period of cardiac morphogenesis and the offspring examined on day 20 of gestation for cardiovascular malformations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A low incidence of cardiovascular malformations was observed after exposure to each of the four calcium channel blockers , but this incidence was statistically significant only for verapamil and nifedipine .
### Output Text: | A low incidence of cardiovascular malformations was observed after exposure to each of the four <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel blockers , but this incidence was statistically significant only for <span class="chemical">verapamil</span> and <span class="chemical">nifedipine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: All four agents were associated with aortic arch branching variants , although significantly increased only for Ro 40 - 5967 and verapamil .
### Output Text: | All four agents were associated with aortic arch branching variants , although significantly increased only for <span class="chemical">Ro 40 - 5967</span> and <span class="chemical">verapamil</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The site of common side effects of sumatriptan .
### Output Text: | The site of common side effects of <span class="chemical">sumatriptan</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Atypical sensations following the use of subcutaneous sumatriptan are common , but of uncertain origin .
### Output Text: | Atypical sensations following the use of subcutaneous <span class="chemical">sumatriptan</span> are common , but of uncertain origin . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: They are almost always benign , but can be mistaken for a serious adverse event by the patient .
### Output Text: | They are almost always benign , but can be mistaken for a serious adverse event by the patient . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Two patients are presented with tingling or burning sensations limited to areas of heat exposure or sunburn .
### Output Text: | Two patients are presented with tingling or burning sensations limited to areas of heat exposure or sunburn . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In these individuals , side effects are most likely generated superficially in the skin .
### Output Text: | In these individuals , side effects are most likely generated superficially in the skin . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Macula toxicity after intravitreal amikacin .
### Output Text: | Macula toxicity after intravitreal <span class="chemical">amikacin</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Although intravitreal aminoglycosides have substantially improved visual prognosis in endophthalmitis , macular infarction may impair full visual recovery .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Although intravitreal <span class="chemical">aminoglycosides</span> have substantially improved visual prognosis in endophthalmitis , macular infarction may impair full visual recovery . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : We present a case of presumed amikacin retinal toxicity following treatment with amikacin and vancomycin for alpha - haemolytic streptococcal endophthalmitis .
### Output Text: | METHODS : We present a case of presumed <span class="chemical">amikacin</span> retinal toxicity following treatment with <span class="chemical">amikacin</span> and <span class="chemical">vancomycin</span> for alpha - haemolytic streptococcal endophthalmitis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Endophthalmitis resolved with improvement in visual acuity to 6 / 24 at three months .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Endophthalmitis resolved with improvement in visual acuity to 6 / 24 at three months . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Fundus fluorescein angiography confirmed macular capillary closure and telangiectasis .
### Output Text: | Fundus <span class="chemical">fluorescein</span> angiography confirmed macular capillary closure and telangiectasis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : Currently accepted intravitreal antibiotic regimens may cause retinal toxicity and macular ischaemia .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : Currently accepted intravitreal antibiotic regimens may cause retinal toxicity and macular ischaemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Treatment strategies aimed at avoiding retinal toxicity are discussed .
### Output Text: | Treatment strategies aimed at avoiding retinal toxicity are discussed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The role of nicotine in smoking - related cardiovascular disease .
### Output Text: | The role of <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> in smoking - related cardiovascular disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Nicotine activates the sympathetic nervous system and in this way could contribute to cardiovascular disease .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Nicotine</span> activates the sympathetic nervous system and in this way could contribute to cardiovascular disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Animal studies and mechanistic studies indicate that nicotine could play a role in accelerating atherosclerosis , but evidence among humans is too inadequate to be definitive about such an effect .
### Output Text: | Animal studies and mechanistic studies indicate that <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> could play a role in accelerating atherosclerosis , but evidence among humans is too inadequate to be definitive about such an effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Almost certainly , nicotine via its hemodynamic effects contributes to acute cardiovascular events , although current evidence suggests that the effects of nicotine are much less important than are the prothrombotic effects of cigarette smoking or the effects of carbon monoxide .
### Output Text: | Almost certainly , <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> via its hemodynamic effects contributes to acute cardiovascular events , although current evidence suggests that the effects of <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> are much less important than are the prothrombotic effects of cigarette smoking or the effects of <span class="chemical">carbon monoxide</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nicotine does not appear to enhance thrombosis among humans .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Nicotine</span> does not appear to enhance thrombosis among humans . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Clinical studies of pipe smokers and people using transdermal nicotine support the idea that toxins other than nicotine are the most important causes of acute cardiovascular events .
### Output Text: | Clinical studies of pipe smokers and people using transdermal <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> support the idea that toxins other than <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> are the most important causes of acute cardiovascular events . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Finally , the dose response for cardiovascular events of nicotine appears to be flat , suggesting that if nicotine is involved , adverse effects might be seen with relatively low - level cigarette exposures .
### Output Text: | Finally , the dose response for cardiovascular events of <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> appears to be flat , suggesting that if <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> is involved , adverse effects might be seen with relatively low - level cigarette exposures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Iatrogenically induced intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia after verapamil and catheter ablation in a patient with Wolff - Parkinson - White syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy .
### Output Text: | Iatrogenically induced intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia after <span class="chemical">verapamil</span> and catheter ablation in a patient with Wolff - Parkinson - White syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In a patient with WPW syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy , intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia ( AVRT ) was iatrogenically induced .
### Output Text: | In a patient with WPW syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy , intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia ( AVRT ) was iatrogenically induced . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: QRS without preexcitation , caused by junctional escape beats after verapamil or unidirectional antegrade block of accessory pathway after catheter ablation , established frequent AVRT attack .
### Output Text: | QRS without preexcitation , caused by junctional escape beats after <span class="chemical">verapamil</span> or unidirectional antegrade block of accessory pathway after catheter ablation , established frequent AVRT attack . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Epidemic of liver disease caused by hydrochlorofluorocarbons used as ozone - sparing substitutes of chlorofluorocarbons .
### Output Text: | Epidemic of liver disease caused by <span class="chemical">hydrochlorofluorocarbons</span> used as <span class="chemical">ozone</span> - sparing substitutes of <span class="chemical">chlorofluorocarbons</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Hydrochlorofluorocarbons ( HCFCs ) are used increasingly in industry as substitutes for ozone - depleting chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : <span class="chemical">Hydrochlorofluorocarbons</span> ( <span class="chemical">HCFCs</span> ) are used increasingly in industry as substitutes for <span class="chemical">ozone</span> - depleting <span class="chemical">chlorofluorocarbons</span> ( <span class="chemical">CFCs</span> ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Limited studies in animals indicate potential hepatotoxicity of some of these compounds .
### Output Text: | Limited studies in animals indicate potential hepatotoxicity of some of these compounds . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We investigated an epidemic of liver disease in nine industrial workers who had had repeated accidental exposure to a mixture of 1 , 1 - dichloro - 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethane ( HCFC 123 ) and 1 - chloro - 1 , 2 , 2 , 2 - tetrafluoroethane ( HCFC 124 ) .
### Output Text: | We investigated an epidemic of liver disease in nine industrial workers who had had repeated accidental exposure to a mixture of <span class="chemical">1 , 1 - dichloro - 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethane</span> ( <span class="chemical">HCFC 123</span> ) and <span class="chemical">1 - chloro - 1 , 2 , 2 , 2 - tetrafluoroethane</span> ( <span class="chemical">HCFC 124</span> ) . |
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