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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: While AAP caused a 117 - fold elevation of serum transaminase activities in mice kept on a standard laboratory diet , which was significantly exacerbated by ethanol and inhibited by nicotinic acid amide ( NAA ) , adverse effects were noted in animals fed a diet free of precursors of NAD .
### Output Text: | While <span class="chemical">AAP</span> caused a 117 - fold elevation of serum transaminase activities in mice kept on a standard laboratory diet , which was significantly exacerbated by <span class="chemical">ethanol</span> and inhibited by <span class="chemical">nicotinic acid amide</span> ( <span class="chemical">NAA</span> ) , adverse effects were noted in animals fed a diet free of precursors of <span class="chemical">NAD</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In these animals , only minor increases of serum transaminase activities were measured in the presence of AAP , and unlike the exacerbation caused by ethanol in mice on a standard diet , the liver damage was inhibited by 50 % by ethanol .
### Output Text: | In these animals , only minor increases of serum transaminase activities were measured in the presence of <span class="chemical">AAP</span> , and unlike the exacerbation caused by <span class="chemical">ethanol</span> in mice on a standard diet , the liver damage was inhibited by 50 % by <span class="chemical">ethanol</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A further 64 % reduction of hepatitis was observed , when NAA was given to ethanol / AAP - mice .
### Output Text: | A further 64 % reduction of hepatitis was observed , when <span class="chemical">NAA</span> was given to <span class="chemical">ethanol</span> / <span class="chemical">AAP</span> - mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Our results provide evidence that the AAP - induced hepatitis and its exacerbation by ethanol can either be reduced by end - product inhibition of PARP by NAA or by dietary depletion of the enzyme ' s substrate NAD .
### Output Text: | Our results provide evidence that the <span class="chemical">AAP</span> - induced hepatitis and its exacerbation by <span class="chemical">ethanol</span> can either be reduced by end - product inhibition of PARP by <span class="chemical">NAA</span> or by dietary depletion of the enzyme ' s substrate <span class="chemical">NAD</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We see the main application of NAA as for the combinational use in pharmaceutical preparations of acetaminophen in order to avoid hepatic damage in patients treated with this widely used analgesic .
### Output Text: | We see the main application of <span class="chemical">NAA</span> as for the combinational use in pharmaceutical preparations of <span class="chemical">acetaminophen</span> in order to avoid hepatic damage in patients treated with this widely used analgesic . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nightmares and hallucinations after long - term intake of tramadol combined with antidepressants .
### Output Text: | Nightmares and hallucinations after long - term intake of <span class="chemical">tramadol</span> combined with antidepressants . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Tramadol is a weak opioid with effects on adrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission that is used to treat cancer pain and chronic non malignant pain .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Tramadol</span> is a weak opioid with effects on adrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission that is used to treat cancer pain and chronic non malignant pain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This drug was initiated in association with paroxetine and dosulepine hydrochloride in a tetraparetic patient with chronic pain .
### Output Text: | This drug was initiated in association with <span class="chemical">paroxetine</span> and <span class="chemical">dosulepine hydrochloride</span> in a tetraparetic patient with chronic pain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Fifty - six days after initiation of the treatment the patient presented hallucinations that only stopped after the withdrawal of psycho - active drugs and tramadol .
### Output Text: | Fifty - six days after initiation of the treatment the patient presented hallucinations that only stopped after the withdrawal of psycho - active drugs and <span class="chemical">tramadol</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The case report questions the long term use of pain killers combined with psycho - active drugs in chronic non malignant pain , especially if pain is under control .
### Output Text: | The case report questions the long term use of pain killers combined with psycho - active drugs in chronic non malignant pain , especially if pain is under control . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Effect of calcium chloride and 4 - aminopyridine therapy on desipramine toxicity in rats .
### Output Text: | Effect of <span class="chemical">calcium chloride</span> and <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> therapy on <span class="chemical">desipramine</span> toxicity in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Hypotension is a major contributor to mortality in tricyclic antidepressant overdose .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Hypotension is a major contributor to mortality in tricyclic antidepressant overdose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Recent data suggest that tricyclic antidepressants inhibit calcium influx in some tissues .
### Output Text: | Recent data suggest that tricyclic antidepressants inhibit <span class="chemical">calcium</span> influx in some tissues . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This study addressed the potential role of calcium channel blockade in tricyclic antidepressant - induced hypotension .
### Output Text: | This study addressed the potential role of <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel blockade in tricyclic antidepressant - induced hypotension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: METHODS : Two interventions were studied that have been shown previously to improve blood pressure with calcium channel blocker overdose .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Two interventions were studied that have been shown previously to improve blood pressure with <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel blocker overdose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CaCl2 and 4 - aminopyridine .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">CaCl2</span> and <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Anesthetized rats received the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine IP to produce hypotension , QRS prolongation , and bradycardia .
### Output Text: | Anesthetized rats received the tricyclic antidepressant <span class="chemical">desipramine</span> IP to produce hypotension , QRS prolongation , and bradycardia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Fifteen min later , animals received CaCl2 , NaHCO3 , or saline .
### Output Text: | Fifteen min later , animals received <span class="chemical">CaCl2</span> , <span class="chemical">NaHCO3</span> , or saline . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In a second experiment , rats received tricyclic antidepressant desipramine IP followed in 15 min by 4 - aminopyridine or saline .
### Output Text: | In a second experiment , rats received tricyclic antidepressant <span class="chemical">desipramine</span> IP followed in 15 min by <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> or saline . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : NaHCO3 briefly ( 5 min ) reversed hypotension and QRS prolongation .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : <span class="chemical">NaHCO3</span> briefly ( 5 min ) reversed hypotension and QRS prolongation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CaCl2 and 4 - aminopyridine failed to improve blood pressure .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">CaCl2</span> and <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> failed to improve blood pressure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias ( p = 0 . 004 ) and seizures ( p = 0 . 03 ) in the CaCl2 group was higher than the other groups .
### Output Text: | The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias ( p = 0 . 004 ) and seizures ( p = 0 . 03 ) in the <span class="chemical">CaCl2</span> group was higher than the other groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSION : The administration of CaCl2 or 4 - aminopyridine did not reverse tricyclic antidepressant - induced hypotension in rats .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : The administration of <span class="chemical">CaCl2</span> or <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> did not reverse tricyclic antidepressant - induced hypotension in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CaCl2 therapy may possibly worsen both cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">CaCl2</span> therapy may possibly worsen both cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These findings do not support a role for calcium channel inhibition in the pathogenesis of tricyclic antidepressant - induced hypotension .
### Output Text: | These findings do not support a role for <span class="chemical">calcium</span> channel inhibition in the pathogenesis of tricyclic antidepressant - induced hypotension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Valsartan , a new angiotensin II antagonist for the treatment of essential hypertension : a comparative study of the efficacy and safety against amlodipine .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Valsartan</span> , a new <span class="chemical">angiotensin II</span> antagonist for the treatment of essential hypertension : a comparative study of the efficacy and safety against <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To compare the antihypertensive efficacy of a new angiotensin II antagonist , valsartan , with a reference therapy , amlodipine .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : To compare the antihypertensive efficacy of a new <span class="chemical">angiotensin II</span> antagonist , <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> , with a reference therapy , <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: METHODS : One hundred sixty - eight adult outpatients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomly allocated in double - blind fashion and equal number to receive 80 mg valsartan or 5 mg amlodipine for 12 weeks .
### Output Text: | METHODS : One hundred sixty - eight adult outpatients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomly allocated in double - blind fashion and equal number to receive 80 mg <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> or 5 mg <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> for 12 weeks . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After 8 weeks of therapy , in patients whose blood pressure remained uncontrolled , 5 mg amlodipine was added to the initial therapy .
### Output Text: | After 8 weeks of therapy , in patients whose blood pressure remained uncontrolled , 5 mg <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> was added to the initial therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patients were assessed at 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks .
### Output Text: | Patients were assessed at 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure at 8 weeks .
### Output Text: | The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure at 8 weeks . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Secondary variables included change in sitting systolic blood pressure and responder rates .
### Output Text: | Secondary variables included change in sitting systolic blood pressure and responder rates . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : Both valsartan and amlodipine were effective at lowering blood pressure at 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Both <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> and <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> were effective at lowering blood pressure at 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Similar decreases were observed in both groups , with no statistically significant differences between the groups for any variable analyzed .
### Output Text: | Similar decreases were observed in both groups , with no statistically significant differences between the groups for any variable analyzed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: For the primary variable the difference was 0 . 5 mm Hg in favor of valsartan ( p = 0 . 68 ; 95 % confidence interval , - 2 . 7 to 1 . 7 ) .
### Output Text: | For the primary variable the difference was 0 . 5 mm Hg in favor of <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> ( p = 0 . 68 ; 95 % confidence interval , - 2 . 7 to 1 . 7 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Responder rates at 8 weeks were 66 . 7 % for valsartan and 60 . 2 % for amlodipine ( p = 0 . 39 ) .
### Output Text: | Responder rates at 8 weeks were 66 . 7 % for <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> and 60 . 2 % for <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> ( p = 0 . 39 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Both treatments were well tolerated .
### Output Text: | Both treatments were well tolerated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The incidence of drug - related dependent edema was somewhat higher in the amlodipine group , particularly at a dose of 10 mg per day ( 2 . 4 % for 80 mg valsartan ; 3 . 6 % for 5 mg amlodipine ; 0 % for valsartan plus 5 mg amlodipine ; 14 . 3 % for 10 mg amlodipine ) .
### Output Text: | The incidence of drug - related dependent edema was somewhat higher in the <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> group , particularly at a dose of 10 mg per day ( 2 . 4 % for 80 mg <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> ; 3 . 6 % for 5 mg <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> ; 0 % for <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> plus 5 mg <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> ; 14 . 3 % for 10 mg <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : The data show that valsartan is at least as effective as amlodipine in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : The data show that <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> is at least as effective as <span class="chemical">amlodipine</span> in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results also show valsartan to be well tolerated and suggest that it is not associated with side effects characteristic of this comparator class , dihydropyridine calcium antagonists .
### Output Text: | The results also show <span class="chemical">valsartan</span> to be well tolerated and suggest that it is not associated with side effects characteristic of this comparator class , <span class="chemical">dihydropyridine</span> <span class="chemical">calcium</span> antagonists . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A measure of pupillary oscillation as a marker of cocaine - induced paranoia .
### Output Text: | A measure of pupillary oscillation as a marker of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - induced paranoia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cocaine - induced paranoia ( CIP ) remains an important drug - induced model of idiopathic paranoia for which no psychophysiologic marker has yet emerged .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Cocaine</span> - induced paranoia ( CIP ) remains an important drug - induced model of idiopathic paranoia for which no psychophysiologic marker has yet emerged . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Measures of pupillary oscillation were able to significantly distinguish a group of abstinent crack cocaine abusers endorsing past CIP ( n = 32 ) from another group of crack addicts who denied past CIP ( n = 29 ) .
### Output Text: | Measures of pupillary oscillation were able to significantly distinguish a group of abstinent <span class="chemical">crack cocaine</span> abusers endorsing past CIP ( n = 32 ) from another group of <span class="chemical">crack</span> addicts who denied past CIP ( n = 29 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Serotonin syndrome from venlafaxine - tranylcypromine interaction .
### Output Text: | Serotonin syndrome from <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> - <span class="chemical">tranylcypromine</span> interaction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Excessive stimulation of serotonin 5HT1A receptors causes a syndrome of serotonin excess that consists of shivering , muscle rigidity , salivation , confusion , agitation and hyperthermia .
### Output Text: | Excessive stimulation of <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> 5HT1A receptors causes a syndrome of <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> excess that consists of shivering , muscle rigidity , salivation , confusion , agitation and hyperthermia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The most common cause of this syndrome is an interaction between a monoamine oxidase inhibitor ( MAOI ) and a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor .
### Output Text: | The most common cause of this syndrome is an interaction between a monoamine oxidase inhibitor ( MAOI ) and a specific <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> reuptake inhibitor . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Venlafaxine is a new antidepressant agent that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Venlafaxine</span> is a new antidepressant agent that inhibits the reuptake of <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> and <span class="chemical">norepinephrine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We report a venlafaxine - MAOI interaction that resulted in the serotonin syndrome in a 23 - y - old male who was taking tranylcypromine for depression .
### Output Text: | We report a <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> - MAOI interaction that resulted in the serotonin syndrome in a 23 - y - old male who was taking <span class="chemical">tranylcypromine</span> for depression . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: He had been well until the morning of presentation when he took 1 / 2 tab of venlafaxine .
### Output Text: | He had been well until the morning of presentation when he took 1 / 2 tab of <span class="chemical">venlafaxine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Within 2 h he became confused with jerking movements of his extremities , tremors and rigidity .
### Output Text: | Within 2 h he became confused with jerking movements of his extremities , tremors and rigidity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: He was brought directly to a hospital where he was found to be agitated and confused with shivering , myoclonic jerks , rigidity , salivation and diaphoresis .
### Output Text: | He was brought directly to a hospital where he was found to be agitated and confused with shivering , myoclonic jerks , rigidity , salivation and diaphoresis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: His pupils were 7 mm and sluggishly reactive to light .
### Output Text: | His pupils were 7 mm and sluggishly reactive to light . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Vital signs were : blood pressure 120 / 67 mm Hg , heart rate 127 / min , respiratory rate 28 / min , and temperature 97 F .
### Output Text: | Vital signs were : blood pressure 120 / 67 mm Hg , heart rate 127 / min , respiratory rate 28 / min , and temperature 97 F . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: After 180 mg of diazepam i . v . he remained tremulous with muscle rigidity and clenched jaws .
### Output Text: | After 180 mg of <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> i . v . he remained tremulous with muscle rigidity and clenched jaws . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: He was intubated for airway protection and because of hypoventilation , and was paralyzed to control muscle rigidity .
### Output Text: | He was intubated for airway protection and because of hypoventilation , and was paralyzed to control muscle rigidity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: His subsequent course was remarkable for non - immune thrombocytopenia which resolved .
### Output Text: | His subsequent course was remarkable for non - immune thrombocytopenia which resolved . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The patient ' s maximal temperature was 101 . 2 F and his CPK remained < 500 units / L with no other evidence of rhabdomyolysis .
### Output Text: | The patient ' s maximal temperature was 101 . 2 F and his CPK remained < 500 units / L with no other evidence of rhabdomyolysis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: His mental status normalized and he was transferred to a psychiatry ward .
### Output Text: | His mental status normalized and he was transferred to a psychiatry ward . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This patient survived without sequelae due to the aggressive sedation and neuromuscular paralysis .
### Output Text: | This patient survived without sequelae due to the aggressive sedation and neuromuscular paralysis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cyclophosphamide associated bladder cancer - - a highly aggressive disease : analysis of 12 cases .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Cyclophosphamide</span> associated bladder cancer - - a highly aggressive disease : analysis of 12 cases . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: PURPOSE : We gained knowledge of the etiology , treatment and prevention of cyclophosphamide associated urothelial cancer .
### Output Text: | PURPOSE : We gained knowledge of the etiology , treatment and prevention of <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> associated urothelial cancer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: MATERIALS AND METHODS : The medical records of 6 men and 6 women ( mean age 55 years ) with cyclophosphamide associated bladder cancer were reviewed .
### Output Text: | MATERIALS AND METHODS : The medical records of 6 men and 6 women ( mean age 55 years ) with <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> associated bladder cancer were reviewed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : All tumors were grade 3 or 4 transitional cell carcinoma .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : All tumors were grade 3 or 4 transitional cell carcinoma . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Of the 5 patients initially treated with endoscopic resection alone only 1 is alive without disease .
### Output Text: | Of the 5 patients initially treated with endoscopic resection alone only 1 is alive without disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Of the 6 patients who underwent early cystectomy 4 were alive at 24 to 111 months .
### Output Text: | Of the 6 patients who underwent early cystectomy 4 were alive at 24 to 111 months . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The remaining patient with extensive cancer underwent partial cystectomy for palliation and died 3 months later .
### Output Text: | The remaining patient with extensive cancer underwent partial cystectomy for palliation and died 3 months later . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : Cyclophosphamide associated bladder tumor is an aggressive disease .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : <span class="chemical">Cyclophosphamide</span> associated bladder tumor is an aggressive disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , long - term survival is possible when radical cystectomy is performed for bladder tumors with any sign of invasion and for recurrent high grade disease , even when noninvasive .
### Output Text: | However , long - term survival is possible when radical cystectomy is performed for bladder tumors with any sign of invasion and for recurrent high grade disease , even when noninvasive . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A phase I clinical study of the antipurine antifolate lometrexol ( DDATHF ) given with oral folic acid .
### Output Text: | A phase I clinical study of the <span class="chemical">antipurine</span> antifolate <span class="chemical">lometrexol</span> ( <span class="chemical">DDATHF</span> ) given with oral <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Lometrexol is an antifolate which inhibits glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase ( GARFT ) , an enzyme essential for de novo purine synthesis .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Lometrexol</span> is an antifolate which inhibits <span class="chemical">glycinamide ribonucleotide</span> formyltransferase ( GARFT ) , an enzyme essential for de novo <span class="chemical">purine</span> synthesis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Extensive experimental and limited clinical data have shown that lometrexol has activity against tumours which are refractory to other drugs , notably methotrexate .
### Output Text: | Extensive experimental and limited clinical data have shown that <span class="chemical">lometrexol</span> has activity against tumours which are refractory to other drugs , notably <span class="chemical">methotrexate</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , the initial clinical development of lometrexol was curtailed because of severe and cumulative antiproliferative toxicities .
### Output Text: | However , the initial clinical development of <span class="chemical">lometrexol</span> was curtailed because of severe and cumulative antiproliferative toxicities . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Preclinical murine studies demonstrated that the toxicity of lometrexol can be prevented by low dose folic acid administration , i . e . for 7 days prior to and 7 days following a single bolus dose .
### Output Text: | Preclinical murine studies demonstrated that the toxicity of <span class="chemical">lometrexol</span> can be prevented by low dose <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> administration , i . e . for 7 days prior to and 7 days following a single bolus dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This observation prompted a Phase I clinical study of lometrexol given with folic acid supplementation which has confirmed that the toxicity of lometrexol can be markedly reduced by folic acid supplementation .
### Output Text: | This observation prompted a Phase I clinical study of <span class="chemical">lometrexol</span> given with <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> supplementation which has confirmed that the toxicity of <span class="chemical">lometrexol</span> can be markedly reduced by <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> supplementation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Thrombocytopenia and mucositis were the major toxicities .
### Output Text: | Thrombocytopenia and mucositis were the major toxicities . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There was no clear relationship between clinical toxicity and the extent of plasma folate elevation .
### Output Text: | There was no clear relationship between clinical toxicity and the extent of plasma <span class="chemical">folate</span> elevation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Associated studies demonstrated that lometrexol plasma pharmacokinetics were not altered by folic acid administration indicating that supplementation is unlikely to reduce toxicity by enhancing lometrexol plasma clearance .
### Output Text: | Associated studies demonstrated that <span class="chemical">lometrexol</span> plasma pharmacokinetics were not altered by <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> administration indicating that supplementation is unlikely to reduce toxicity by enhancing <span class="chemical">lometrexol</span> plasma clearance . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The work described in this report has identified for the first time a clinically acceptable schedule for the administration of a GARFT inhibitor .
### Output Text: | The work described in this report has identified for the first time a clinically acceptable schedule for the administration of a GARFT inhibitor . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This information will facilitate the future evaluation of this class of compounds in cancer therapy .
### Output Text: | This information will facilitate the future evaluation of this class of compounds in cancer therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Fatal excited delirium following cocaine use : epidemiologic findings provide new evidence for mechanisms of cocaine toxicity .
### Output Text: | Fatal excited delirium following <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> use : epidemiologic findings provide new evidence for mechanisms of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> toxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We describe an outbreak of deaths from cocaine - induced excited delirium ( EDDs ) in Dade County , Florida between 1979 and 1990 .
### Output Text: | We describe an outbreak of deaths from <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - induced excited delirium ( EDDs ) in Dade County , Florida between 1979 and 1990 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: From a registry of all cocaine - related deaths in Dade County , Florida , from 1969 - 1990 , 58 EDDs were compared with 125 victims of accidental cocaine overdose without excited delirium .
### Output Text: | From a registry of all <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - related deaths in Dade County , Florida , from 1969 - 1990 , 58 EDDs were compared with 125 victims of accidental <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> overdose without excited delirium . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Compared with controls , EDDs were more frequently black , male , and younger .
### Output Text: | Compared with controls , EDDs were more frequently black , male , and younger . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: They were less likely to have a low body mass index , and more likely to have died in police custody , to have received medical treatment immediately before death , to have survived for a longer period , to have developed hyperthermia , and to have died in summer months .
### Output Text: | They were less likely to have a low body mass index , and more likely to have died in police custody , to have received medical treatment immediately before death , to have survived for a longer period , to have developed hyperthermia , and to have died in summer months . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: EDDs had concentrations of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in autopsy blood that were similar to those for controls .
### Output Text: | EDDs had concentrations of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> and <span class="chemical">benzoylecgonine</span> in autopsy blood that were similar to those for controls . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The epidemiologic findings are most consistent with the hypothesis that chronic cocaine use disrupts dopaminergic function and , when coupled with recent cocaine use , may precipitate agitation , delirium , aberrant thermoregulation , rhabdomyolysis , and sudden death .
### Output Text: | The epidemiologic findings are most consistent with the hypothesis that chronic <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> use disrupts dopaminergic function and , when coupled with recent <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> use , may precipitate agitation , delirium , aberrant thermoregulation , rhabdomyolysis , and sudden death . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pemoline induced acute choreoathetosis : case report and review of the literature .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Pemoline</span> induced acute choreoathetosis : case report and review of the literature . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Pemoline is an oxazolidine derivative that is structurally different from amphetamines and used in the treatment of attention deficit disorder .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : <span class="chemical">Pemoline</span> is an <span class="chemical">oxazolidine</span> derivative that is structurally different from <span class="chemical">amphetamines</span> and used in the treatment of attention deficit disorder . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pemoline has not been commonly associated in the literature as a cause of acute movement disorders .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Pemoline</span> has not been commonly associated in the literature as a cause of acute movement disorders . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The following case describes two children acutely poisoned with pemoline who experienced profound choreoathetosis .
### Output Text: | The following case describes two children acutely poisoned with <span class="chemical">pemoline</span> who experienced profound choreoathetosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CASE REPORT : Two , 3 - year - old male , identical twin siblings presented to the emergency department after found playing with a an empty bottle of pemoline originally containing 59 tablets .
### Output Text: | CASE REPORT : Two , 3 - year - old male , identical twin siblings presented to the emergency department after found playing with a an empty bottle of <span class="chemical">pemoline</span> originally containing 59 tablets . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The children had a medical history significant for attention deficit disorder previously treated with methylphenidate without success .
### Output Text: | The children had a medical history significant for attention deficit disorder previously treated with <span class="chemical">methylphenidate</span> without success . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This was their first day of pemoline therapy .
### Output Text: | This was their first day of <span class="chemical">pemoline</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The choreoathetoid movements began 45 min to 1 h after ingestion .
### Output Text: | The choreoathetoid movements began 45 min to 1 h after ingestion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The children gave no history of prior movement disorders and there was no family history of movement disorders .
### Output Text: | The children gave no history of prior movement disorders and there was no family history of movement disorders . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The children received gastrointestinal decontamination and high doses of intravenous benzodiazepines in an attempt to control the choreoathetoid movements .
### Output Text: | The children received gastrointestinal decontamination and high doses of intravenous <span class="chemical">benzodiazepines</span> in an attempt to control the choreoathetoid movements . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Despite treatment , the children continued to have choreoathetosis for approximately 24 hours .
### Output Text: | Despite treatment , the children continued to have choreoathetosis for approximately 24 hours . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Forty - eight hours after admission , the children appeared to be at their baseline and were discharged home .
### Output Text: | Forty - eight hours after admission , the children appeared to be at their baseline and were discharged home . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Pemoline associated movement disorder has been rarely reported in the acute toxicology literature .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : <span class="chemical">Pemoline</span> associated movement disorder has been rarely reported in the acute toxicology literature . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The possibility of choreoathetoid movements should be considered in patients presenting after pemoline overdose .
### Output Text: | The possibility of choreoathetoid movements should be considered in patients presenting after <span class="chemical">pemoline</span> overdose . |
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