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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Effects of deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane on neuropsychological function .
### Output Text: | Effects of deliberate hypotension induced by <span class="chemical">labetalol</span> with <span class="chemical">isoflurane</span> on neuropsychological function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The effect of deliberate hypotension on brain function measured by neuropsychological tests was studied in 41 adult patients .
### Output Text: | The effect of deliberate hypotension on brain function measured by neuropsychological tests was studied in 41 adult patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Twenty - four patients were anaesthetized for middle - ear surgery with deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane ( hypotensive group ) .
### Output Text: | Twenty - four patients were anaesthetized for middle - ear surgery with deliberate hypotension induced by <span class="chemical">labetalol</span> with <span class="chemical">isoflurane</span> ( hypotensive group ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Seventeen patients without hypotension served as a control group .
### Output Text: | Seventeen patients without hypotension served as a control group . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The mean arterial pressure was 77 + / - 2 mmHg ( 10 . 3 + / - 0 . 3 kPa ) before hypotension and 50 + / - 0 mmHg ( 6 . 7 + / - 0 . 0 kPa ) during hypotension in the hypotensive group , and 86 + / - 2 mmHg ( 11 . 5 + / - 0 . 3 kPa ) during anaesthesia in the control group .
### Output Text: | The mean arterial pressure was 77 + / - 2 mmHg ( 10 . 3 + / - 0 . 3 kPa ) before hypotension and 50 + / - 0 mmHg ( 6 . 7 + / - 0 . 0 kPa ) during hypotension in the hypotensive group , and 86 + / - 2 mmHg ( 11 . 5 + / - 0 . 3 kPa ) during anaesthesia in the control group . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The following psychological tests were performed : four subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ( similarities , digit span , vocabulary and digit symbol ) , Trail - Making tests A and B , Zung tests ( self - rating anxiety scale and self - rating depression scale ) and two - part memory test battery with immediate and delayed recall .
### Output Text: | The following psychological tests were performed : four subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ( similarities , digit span , vocabulary and digit symbol ) , Trail - Making tests A and B , Zung tests ( self - rating anxiety scale and self - rating depression scale ) and two - part memory test battery with immediate and delayed recall . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The tests were performed preoperatively and 2 days postoperatively .
### Output Text: | The tests were performed preoperatively and 2 days postoperatively . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the tests in the changes from preoperative value to postoperative value .
### Output Text: | There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the tests in the changes from preoperative value to postoperative value . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results indicate that hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane has no significant harmful effects on mental functions compared to normotensive anaesthesia .
### Output Text: | The results indicate that hypotension induced by <span class="chemical">labetalol</span> with <span class="chemical">isoflurane</span> has no significant harmful effects on mental functions compared to normotensive anaesthesia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Apparent cure of rheumatoid arthritis by bone marrow transplantation .
### Output Text: | Apparent cure of rheumatoid arthritis by bone marrow transplantation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We describe the induction of sustained remissions and possible cure of severe erosive rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) by bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) in 2 patients .
### Output Text: | We describe the induction of sustained remissions and possible cure of severe erosive rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) by bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) in 2 patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: BMT was used to treat severe aplastic anemia which was caused by gold in one case and D - penicillamine in the other .
### Output Text: | BMT was used to treat severe aplastic anemia which was caused by <span class="chemical">gold</span> in one case and <span class="chemical">D - penicillamine</span> in the other . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the 8 and 6 years since the transplants ( representing 8 and 4 years since cessation of all immunosuppressive therapy , respectively ) , the RA in each case has been completely quiescent .
### Output Text: | In the 8 and 6 years since the transplants ( representing 8 and 4 years since cessation of all immunosuppressive therapy , respectively ) , the RA in each case has been completely quiescent . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although short term remission of severe RA following BMT has been reported , these are the first cases for which prolonged followup has been available .
### Output Text: | Although short term remission of severe RA following BMT has been reported , these are the first cases for which prolonged followup has been available . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This experience raises the question of the role of BMT itself as a therapeutic option for patients with uncontrolled destructive synovitis .
### Output Text: | This experience raises the question of the role of BMT itself as a therapeutic option for patients with uncontrolled destructive synovitis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Seizures induced by combined levomepromazine - fluvoxamine treatment .
### Output Text: | Seizures induced by combined <span class="chemical">levomepromazine</span> - <span class="chemical">fluvoxamine</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We report a case of combined levomepromazine - fluvoxamine treatment - induced seizures .
### Output Text: | We report a case of combined <span class="chemical">levomepromazine</span> - <span class="chemical">fluvoxamine</span> treatment - induced seizures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: It seems that combined treatment of fluvoxamine with phenothiazines may possess proconvulsive activity .
### Output Text: | It seems that combined treatment of <span class="chemical">fluvoxamine</span> with <span class="chemical">phenothiazines</span> may possess proconvulsive activity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Case report : pentamidine and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia revisited .
### Output Text: | Case report : <span class="chemical">pentamidine</span> and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia revisited . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pentamidine isethionate has been associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias , including torsade de pointes .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Pentamidine isethionate</span> has been associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias , including torsade de pointes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This article reports two cases of this complication and reviews all reported cases to date .
### Output Text: | This article reports two cases of this complication and reviews all reported cases to date . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Pentamidine - induced torsade de pointes may be related to serum magnesium levels and hypomagnesemia may synergistically induce torsade .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Pentamidine</span> - induced torsade de pointes may be related to serum <span class="chemical">magnesium</span> levels and hypomagnesemia may synergistically induce torsade . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Torsade de pointes occurred after an average of 10 days of treatment with pentamidine .
### Output Text: | Torsade de pointes occurred after an average of 10 days of treatment with <span class="chemical">pentamidine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In these patients , no other acute side effects of pentamidine were observed .
### Output Text: | In these patients , no other acute side effects of <span class="chemical">pentamidine</span> were observed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Torsade de pointes can be treated when recognized early , possibly without discontinuation of pentamidine .
### Output Text: | Torsade de pointes can be treated when recognized early , possibly without discontinuation of <span class="chemical">pentamidine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: When QTc interval prolongation is observed , early magnesium supplementation is advocated .
### Output Text: | When QTc interval prolongation is observed , early <span class="chemical">magnesium</span> supplementation is advocated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Efficacy and tolerability of lovastatin in 3390 women with moderate hypercholesterolemia .
### Output Text: | Efficacy and tolerability of <span class="chemical">lovastatin</span> in 3390 women with moderate hypercholesterolemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lovastatin in women with moderate hypercholesterolemia .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of <span class="chemical">lovastatin</span> in women with moderate hypercholesterolemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: DESIGN : The Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin ( EXCEL ) Study , a multicenter , double - blind , diet - and placebo - controlled trial , in which participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or lovastatin at doses of 20 or 40 mg once daily , or 20 or 40 mg twice daily for 48 weeks .
### Output Text: | DESIGN : The Expanded Clinical Evaluation of <span class="chemical">Lovastatin</span> ( EXCEL ) Study , a multicenter , double - blind , diet - and placebo - controlled trial , in which participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or <span class="chemical">lovastatin</span> at doses of 20 or 40 mg once daily , or 20 or 40 mg twice daily for 48 weeks . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: SETTING : Ambulatory patients recruited by 362 participating centers throughout the United States .
### Output Text: | SETTING : Ambulatory patients recruited by 362 participating centers throughout the United States . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: PATIENTS : Women ( n = 3390 ) from the total cohort of 8245 volunteers .
### Output Text: | PATIENTS : Women ( n = 3390 ) from the total cohort of 8245 volunteers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: MEASUREMENTS : Plasma total , low - density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , and high - density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol , and triglycerides ; and laboratory and clinical evidence of adverse events monitored periodically throughout the study .
### Output Text: | MEASUREMENTS : Plasma total , low - density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , and high - density lipoprotein ( HDL ) <span class="chemical">cholesterol</span> , and <span class="chemical">triglycerides</span> ; and laboratory and clinical evidence of adverse events monitored periodically throughout the study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : Among women , lovastatin ( 20 to 80 mg / d ) produced sustained ( 12 - to 48 - week ) , dose - related changes ( P < 0 . 001 ) : decreases in LDL cholesterol ( 24 % to 40 % ) and triglycerides ( 9 % to 18 % ) , and increases in HDL cholesterol ( 6 . 7 % to 8 . 6 % ) .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Among women , <span class="chemical">lovastatin</span> ( 20 to 80 mg / d ) produced sustained ( 12 - to 48 - week ) , dose - related changes ( P < 0 . 001 ) : decreases in LDL <span class="chemical">cholesterol</span> ( 24 % to 40 % ) and <span class="chemical">triglycerides</span> ( 9 % to 18 % ) , and increases in HDL <span class="chemical">cholesterol</span> ( 6 . 7 % to 8 . 6 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Depending on the dose , from 82 % to 95 % of lovastatin - treated women achieved the National Cholesterol Education Program goal of LDL cholesterol levels less than 4 . 14 mmol / L ( 160 mg / dL ) , and 40 % to 87 % achieved the goal of 3 . 36 mmol / L ( 130 mg / dL ) .
### Output Text: | Depending on the dose , from 82 % to 95 % of <span class="chemical">lovastatin</span> - treated women achieved the National <span class="chemical">Cholesterol</span> Education Program goal of LDL <span class="chemical">cholesterol</span> levels less than 4 . 14 mmol / L ( 160 mg / dL ) , and 40 % to 87 % achieved the goal of 3 . 36 mmol / L ( 130 mg / dL ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Successive transaminase elevations greater than three times the upper limit of normal occurred in 0 . 1 % of women and were dose dependent above the 20 - mg dose .
### Output Text: | Successive transaminase elevations greater than three times the upper limit of normal occurred in 0 . 1 % of women and were dose dependent above the 20 - mg dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Myopathy , defined as muscle symptoms with creatine kinase elevations greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal , was rare and associated with the highest recommended daily dose of lovastatin ( 80 mg ) .
### Output Text: | Myopathy , defined as muscle symptoms with <span class="chemical">creatine</span> kinase elevations greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal , was rare and associated with the highest recommended daily dose of <span class="chemical">lovastatin</span> ( 80 mg ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Estrogen - replacement therapy appeared to have no effect on either the efficacy or safety profile of lovastatin .
### Output Text: | Estrogen - replacement therapy appeared to have no effect on either the efficacy or safety profile of <span class="chemical">lovastatin</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Lovastatin is highly effective and generally well tolerated as therapy for primary hypercholesterolemia in women .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : <span class="chemical">Lovastatin</span> is highly effective and generally well tolerated as therapy for primary hypercholesterolemia in women . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Tetany and rhabdomyolysis due to surreptitious furosemide - - importance of magnesium supplementation .
### Output Text: | Tetany and rhabdomyolysis due to surreptitious <span class="chemical">furosemide</span> - - importance of <span class="chemical">magnesium</span> supplementation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Diuretics may induce hypokalemia , hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia .
### Output Text: | Diuretics may induce hypokalemia , hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: While severe hypokalemia may cause muscle weakness , severe hypomagnesemia is associated with muscle spasms and tetany which cannot be corrected by potassium and calcium supplementation alone ( 1 , 2 ) .
### Output Text: | While severe hypokalemia may cause muscle weakness , severe hypomagnesemia is associated with muscle spasms and tetany which cannot be corrected by <span class="chemical">potassium</span> and <span class="chemical">calcium</span> supplementation alone ( 1 , 2 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Surreptitious diuretic ingestion has been described , mainly in women who are concerned that they are obese or edematous .
### Output Text: | Surreptitious diuretic ingestion has been described , mainly in women who are concerned that they are obese or edematous . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Symptomatic hypokalemia has been reported in such patients ( 3 - 7 ) and in one case hypocalcemia was observed ( 8 ) , but the effects of magnesium depletion were not noted in these patients .
### Output Text: | Symptomatic hypokalemia has been reported in such patients ( 3 - 7 ) and in one case hypocalcemia was observed ( 8 ) , but the effects of <span class="chemical">magnesium</span> depletion were not noted in these patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ciprofloxacin - induced nephrotoxicity in patients with cancer .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Ciprofloxacin</span> - induced nephrotoxicity in patients with cancer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nephrotoxicity associated with ciprofloxacin is uncommon .
### Output Text: | Nephrotoxicity associated with <span class="chemical">ciprofloxacin</span> is uncommon . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Five patients with cancer who developed acute renal failure that followed treatment with ciprofloxacin are described and an additional 15 cases reported in the literature are reviewed .
### Output Text: | Five patients with cancer who developed acute renal failure that followed treatment with <span class="chemical">ciprofloxacin</span> are described and an additional 15 cases reported in the literature are reviewed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Other than elevation of serum creatinine levels , characteristic clinical manifestations and abnormal laboratory findings are not frequently present .
### Output Text: | Other than elevation of serum <span class="chemical">creatinine</span> levels , characteristic clinical manifestations and abnormal laboratory findings are not frequently present . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Allergic interstitial nephritis is believed to be the underlying pathological - process .
### Output Text: | Allergic interstitial nephritis is believed to be the underlying pathological - process . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Definitive diagnosis requires performance of renal biopsy , although this is not always feasible .
### Output Text: | Definitive diagnosis requires performance of renal biopsy , although this is not always feasible . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: An improvement in renal function that followed the discontinuation of the offending antibiotic supports the presumptive diagnosis of ciprofloxacin - induced acute renal failure .
### Output Text: | An improvement in renal function that followed the discontinuation of the offending antibiotic supports the presumptive diagnosis of <span class="chemical">ciprofloxacin</span> - induced acute renal failure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Venous complications of midazolam versus diazepam .
### Output Text: | Venous complications of <span class="chemical">midazolam</span> versus <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Although some studies have suggested fewer venous complications are associated with midazolam than with diazepam for endoscopic procedures , this variable has not been well documented .
### Output Text: | Although some studies have suggested fewer venous complications are associated with <span class="chemical">midazolam</span> than with <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> for endoscopic procedures , this variable has not been well documented . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We prospectively evaluated the incidence of venous complications after intravenous injection of diazepam or midazolam in 122 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy .
### Output Text: | We prospectively evaluated the incidence of venous complications after intravenous injection of <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> or <span class="chemical">midazolam</span> in 122 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Overall , venous complications were more frequent with diazepam ( 22 of 62 patients ) than with midazolam ( 4 of 60 patients ) ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
### Output Text: | Overall , venous complications were more frequent with <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> ( 22 of 62 patients ) than with <span class="chemical">midazolam</span> ( 4 of 60 patients ) ( p < 0 . 001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A palpable venous cord was present in 23 % ( 14 of 62 ) of patients in the diazepam group , compared with 2 % ( 1 of 60 patients ) in the midazolam group ( p < 0 . 002 ) .
### Output Text: | A palpable venous cord was present in 23 % ( 14 of 62 ) of patients in the <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> group , compared with 2 % ( 1 of 60 patients ) in the <span class="chemical">midazolam</span> group ( p < 0 . 002 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pain at the injection site occurred in 35 % ( 22 of 62 ) of patients in the diazepam group compared with 7 % ( 4 of 60 patients ) in the midazolam group ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
### Output Text: | Pain at the injection site occurred in 35 % ( 22 of 62 ) of patients in the <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> group compared with 7 % ( 4 of 60 patients ) in the <span class="chemical">midazolam</span> group ( p < 0 . 001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Swelling and warmth at the injection site were not significantly different between the two groups .
### Output Text: | Swelling and warmth at the injection site were not significantly different between the two groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Smoking , nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug use , intravenous catheter site , dwell time of the needle , alcohol use , and pain during the injection had no effect on the incidence of venous complications .
### Output Text: | Smoking , nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug use , intravenous catheter site , dwell time of the needle , <span class="chemical">alcohol</span> use , and pain during the injection had no effect on the incidence of venous complications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Clarithromycin - associated visual hallucinations in a patient with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Clarithromycin</span> - associated visual hallucinations in a patient with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Visual hallucinations are a rare event in chronic renal failure and not related to uremia per se .
### Output Text: | Visual hallucinations are a rare event in chronic renal failure and not related to uremia per se . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Unreported in the literature is visual hallucinations occurring in association with the new macrolide antibiotic , clarithromycin .
### Output Text: | Unreported in the literature is visual hallucinations occurring in association with the new <span class="chemical">macrolide</span> antibiotic , <span class="chemical">clarithromycin</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We describe such a case in a patient with end - stage renal disease ( ESRD ) maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD ) .
### Output Text: | We describe such a case in a patient with end - stage renal disease ( ESRD ) maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The combination of a relatively high dose of clarithromycin in face of chronic renal failure in a functionally anephric patient , with underlying aluminum intoxication , may have facilitated the appearance of this neurotoxic side effect .
### Output Text: | The combination of a relatively high dose of <span class="chemical">clarithromycin</span> in face of chronic renal failure in a functionally anephric patient , with underlying <span class="chemical">aluminum</span> intoxication , may have facilitated the appearance of this neurotoxic side effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: It is important to understand the pharmacokinetics of medications in face of chronic renal failure , the possibility of drug interactions , and how these factors should help guide medication therapy in the ESRD patient .
### Output Text: | It is important to understand the pharmacokinetics of medications in face of chronic renal failure , the possibility of drug interactions , and how these factors should help guide medication therapy in the ESRD patient . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Changes in peroxisomes in preneoplastic liver and hepatoma of mice induced by alpha - benzene hexachloride .
### Output Text: | Changes in peroxisomes in preneoplastic liver and hepatoma of mice induced by <span class="chemical">alpha - benzene hexachloride</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Peroxisomes in hepatomas and hyperplastic preneoplastic liver lesions induced in mice by 500 ppm alpha - benzene hexachloride were examined histochemically and electron microscopically .
### Output Text: | Peroxisomes in hepatomas and hyperplastic preneoplastic liver lesions induced in mice by 500 ppm <span class="chemical">alpha - benzene hexachloride</span> were examined histochemically and electron microscopically . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Although most of the hepatomas were well - differentiated tumors and contained a considerable number of peroxisomes , the tumor cells did not respond to ethyl - alpha - p - chlorophenoxyisobutyrate with proliferation of peroxisomes .
### Output Text: | Although most of the hepatomas were well - differentiated tumors and contained a considerable number of peroxisomes , the tumor cells did not respond to <span class="chemical">ethyl - alpha - p - chlorophenoxyisobutyrate</span> with proliferation of peroxisomes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: At the 16th week of carcinogen feeding , hyperplastic nodules appeared and advanced to further stages .
### Output Text: | At the 16th week of carcinogen feeding , hyperplastic nodules appeared and advanced to further stages . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A majority of the nodules showed a considerable number of peroxisomes and the inductive proliferation of peroxisomes .
### Output Text: | A majority of the nodules showed a considerable number of peroxisomes and the inductive proliferation of peroxisomes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Within the nodules , foci of proliferation of the cells that showed no inducibility of proliferation of peroxisomes appeared .
### Output Text: | Within the nodules , foci of proliferation of the cells that showed no inducibility of proliferation of peroxisomes appeared . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These cells proliferated further , replacing the most part of the nodules , and with this process hepatomas appeared to have been formed .
### Output Text: | These cells proliferated further , replacing the most part of the nodules , and with this process hepatomas appeared to have been formed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: No abnormal matrical inclusions of peroxisomes were formed in the cells of hyperplastic nodules by ethyl - alpha - p - chlorophenoxyisobutyrate unlike in the case of rats .
### Output Text: | No abnormal matrical inclusions of peroxisomes were formed in the cells of hyperplastic nodules by <span class="chemical">ethyl - alpha - p - chlorophenoxyisobutyrate</span> unlike in the case of rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to salt - sensitivity in lifetime captopril - treated spontaneously hypertensive rats .
### Output Text: | Contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to salt - sensitivity in lifetime <span class="chemical">captopril</span> - treated spontaneously hypertensive rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To test the hypothesis that , in lifetime captopril - treated spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) , the sympathetic nervous system contributes importantly to the hypertensive effect of dietary sodium chloride supplementation .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : To test the hypothesis that , in lifetime <span class="chemical">captopril</span> - treated spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) , the sympathetic nervous system contributes importantly to the hypertensive effect of <span class="chemical">dietary sodium chloride</span> supplementation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : Male SHR ( aged 6 weeks ) that had been treated from conception onward with either captopril or vehicle remained on a basal sodium chloride diet or were fed a high sodium chloride diet .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Male SHR ( aged 6 weeks ) that had been treated from conception onward with either <span class="chemical">captopril</span> or vehicle remained on a basal <span class="chemical">sodium chloride</span> diet or were fed a high <span class="chemical">sodium chloride</span> diet . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: After 2 weeks , the rats were subjected to ganglionic blockade and 2 days later , an infusion of clonidine .
### Output Text: | After 2 weeks , the rats were subjected to ganglionic blockade and 2 days later , an infusion of <span class="chemical">clonidine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Lifetime captopril treatment significantly lowered mean arterial pressure in both groups .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Lifetime <span class="chemical">captopril</span> treatment significantly lowered mean arterial pressure in both groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Intravenous infusion of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium resulted in a rapid decline in MAP that eliminated the dietary sodium chloride - induced increase in MAP in both groups .
### Output Text: | Intravenous infusion of the ganglionic blocker <span class="chemical">hexamethonium</span> resulted in a rapid decline in MAP that eliminated the <span class="chemical">dietary sodium chloride</span> - induced increase in MAP in both groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Infusion of the central nervous system alpha2 - adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine also resulted in a greater reduction in MAP in both groups of SHR that were fed the high ( compared with the basal ) sodium chloride diet .
### Output Text: | Infusion of the central nervous system <span class="chemical">alpha2 - adrenergic receptor agonist</span> <span class="chemical">clonidine</span> also resulted in a greater reduction in MAP in both groups of SHR that were fed the high ( compared with the basal ) <span class="chemical">sodium chloride</span> diet . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : In both lifetime captopril - treated and control SHR , the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the pressor effects of a high sodium chloride diet .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : In both lifetime <span class="chemical">captopril</span> - treated and control SHR , the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the pressor effects of a high <span class="chemical">sodium chloride</span> diet . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Angioedema associated with droperidol administration .
### Output Text: | Angioedema associated with <span class="chemical">droperidol</span> administration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Angioedema , also known as angioneurotic edema or Quincke ' s disease , is a well - demarcated , localized edema involving the subcutaneous tissues that may cause upper - airway obstruction .
### Output Text: | Angioedema , also known as angioneurotic edema or Quincke ' s disease , is a well - demarcated , localized edema involving the subcutaneous tissues that may cause upper - airway obstruction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We report the case of a previously healthy 19 - year - old man with no known drug allergies in whom angioedema with significant tongue swelling and protrusion developed within 10 minutes of the administration of a single IV dose of droperidol .
### Output Text: | We report the case of a previously healthy 19 - year - old man with no known drug allergies in whom angioedema with significant tongue swelling and protrusion developed within 10 minutes of the administration of a single IV dose of <span class="chemical">droperidol</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Late cardiotoxicity after treatment for a malignant bone tumor .
### Output Text: | Late cardiotoxicity after treatment for a malignant bone tumor . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cardiac function was assessed in long - term survivors of malignant bone tumors who were treated according to Rosen ' s T5 or T10 protocol , both including doxorubicin .
### Output Text: | Cardiac function was assessed in long - term survivors of malignant bone tumors who were treated according to <span class="chemical">Rosen ' s T5 or T10 protocol</span> , both including <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thirty - one patients , age 10 - 45 years ( median age 17 . 8 years ) were evaluated 2 . 3 - 14 . 1 years ( median 8 . 9 years ) following completion of treatment .
### Output Text: | Thirty - one patients , age 10 - 45 years ( median age 17 . 8 years ) were evaluated 2 . 3 - 14 . 1 years ( median 8 . 9 years ) following completion of treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cumulative doses of doxorubicin were 225 - 550 mg / m2 ( median dose 360 ) .
### Output Text: | Cumulative doses of <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> were 225 - 550 mg / m2 ( median dose 360 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The evaluation consisted of a history , physical examination , electrocardiogram ( ECG ) , signal averaged ECG , 24 - hour ambulatory ECG , echocardiography and radionuclide angiography .
### Output Text: | The evaluation consisted of a history , physical examination , electrocardiogram ( ECG ) , signal averaged ECG , 24 - hour ambulatory ECG , echocardiography and radionuclide angiography . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Eighteen of 31 ( 58 % ) patients showed cardiac toxicity , defined as having one or more of the following abnormalities : late potentials , complex ventricular arrhythmias , left ventricular dilation , decreased shortening fraction , or decreased ejection fraction .
### Output Text: | Eighteen of 31 ( 58 % ) patients showed cardiac toxicity , defined as having one or more of the following abnormalities : late potentials , complex ventricular arrhythmias , left ventricular dilation , decreased shortening fraction , or decreased ejection fraction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The incidence of cardiac abnormalities increased with length of follow - up ( P < or = . 05 ) .
### Output Text: | The incidence of cardiac abnormalities increased with length of follow - up ( P < or = . 05 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: No correlation could be demonstrated between cumulative dose of doxorubicin and cardiac status , except for heart rate variability .
### Output Text: | No correlation could be demonstrated between cumulative dose of <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> and cardiac status , except for heart rate variability . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: When adjusted to body surface area , the left ventricular posterior wall thickness ( LVPW index ) was decreased in all patients .
### Output Text: | When adjusted to body surface area , the left ventricular posterior wall thickness ( LVPW index ) was decreased in all patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The incidence of doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity is high and increases with follow - up , irrespective of cumulative dose .
### Output Text: | The incidence of <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> - induced cardiotoxicity is high and increases with follow - up , irrespective of cumulative dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Life - long cardiac follow - up in these patients is warranted .
### Output Text: | Life - long cardiac follow - up in these patients is warranted . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The results of our study suggest that heart rate variability and LVPW index could be sensitive indicators for cardiotoxicity .
### Output Text: | The results of our study suggest that heart rate variability and LVPW index could be sensitive indicators for cardiotoxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Acute blood pressure elevations with caffeine in men with borderline systemic hypertension .
### Output Text: | Acute blood pressure elevations with <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> in men with borderline systemic hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Whether the vasoconstrictive actions of caffeine are enhanced in hypertensive persons has not been demonstrated .
### Output Text: | Whether the vasoconstrictive actions of <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> are enhanced in hypertensive persons has not been demonstrated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thus , caffeine ( 3 . 3 mg / kg ) versus placebo was tested in 48 healthy men ( aged 20 to 35 years ) selected after screening on 2 separate occasions .
### Output Text: | Thus , <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> ( 3 . 3 mg / kg ) versus placebo was tested in 48 healthy men ( aged 20 to 35 years ) selected after screening on 2 separate occasions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Borderline hypertensive men ( n = 24 ) were selected with screening systolic blood pressure ( BP ) of 140 to 160 mm Hg and / or diastolic BP 90 to 99 mm Hg .
### Output Text: | Borderline hypertensive men ( n = 24 ) were selected with screening systolic blood pressure ( BP ) of 140 to 160 mm Hg and / or diastolic BP 90 to 99 mm Hg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Low - risk controls ( n = 24 ) reported no parental history of hypertension and had screening BP < 130 / 85 mm Hg .
### Output Text: | Low - risk controls ( n = 24 ) reported no parental history of hypertension and had screening BP < 130 / 85 mm Hg . |
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