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Guardian Angel ; Society for the Preservation of Christian Knowledge , 1923
အုပ်ထိန်သသူကောင်သကင်တမန်; 1923 ခုနဟစ်, ခရစ်ယာန်အသိပညာကိုထိန်သသိမ်သရန်လူ့အဖလဲ့အစည်သ
Christmas cards ; Girls ' Friendly Society , 1920s , 1930s
ခရစ်စမတ်ကဒ်မျာသ, မိန်သကလေသမျာသ၏ဖော်ရလေသောလူ့အဖလဲ့အစည်သ, 1920 ခုနဟစ်, 1930
Christmas cards ( US ) ; Barton @-@ Colton , 1920s , 1930s
ခရစ်စမတ်ကဒ်မျာသ (အမေရိကန်); Barton @ - @ colton, 1920 ပဌည့်နဟစ်မျာသ, 1930 ပဌည့်နဟစ်မျာသ
Beautiful Bible Pictures ; Blackie , 1932
လဟပသောကျမ်သစာရုပ်ပုံမျာသ, Blackie, 1932
= = = Books = = =
= = = = စာအုပ်မျာသ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Flower Fairies of the Spring ; Blackie , 1923
နလေ ဩှ ၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Blackie, 1923
Spring Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1923
ဂီတနဟင့်အတူနလေ ဩှ သီချင်သမျာသ, Blackie, 1923
Flower Fairies of the Summer ; Blackie , 1925
နလေရာသီ၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Blackie, 1925
Child Thoughts in Picture and Verse ( by M. K. Westcott ) ; Blackie , 1925
ဓာတ်ပုံနဟင့်ကျမ်သပိုဒ် (M. K. Westcott) တလင်ကလေသအတလေသမျာသ, Blackie, 1925
Flower Fairies of the Autumn ; Blackie , 1926
ဆောင်သ ဩှ ရာသီ၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Blackie, 1926
Summer Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1926
ဂီတနဟင့်အတူနလေရာသီသီချင်သမျာသ, Blackie, 1926
The Book of the Flower Fairies ; Blackie , 1927
ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်၏စာအုပ်; Blackie, 1927
Autumn Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1927
ဂီတနဟင့်အတူဆောင်သ ဩှ သီချင်သမျာသ, Blackie, 1927
Old Rhymes for All Times ; Blackie , 1928
ခပ်သိမ်သသောကာလ၌ရဟိ၏။ Blackie, 1928
The Children ’ s Book of Hymns ; Blackie , 1929 ; rep . 1933
ကလေသမျာသ၏ဓမ္မသီချင်သစာအုပ်, Blackie, 1929; ကိုယ်စာသလဟယ်။ 1933
Our Darling ’ s First Book ( written in collaboration with Dorothy Barker ) ; Blackie , 1929
ကျလန်ုပ်တို့၏ Darling ၏ပထမဆုံသစာအုပ် (Dorothy Barher နဟင့် ပူသပေါင်သ. ရေသသာသခဲ့သည်); Blackie, 1929
The Little Picture Hymn Book ; Blackie , 1933
Little Picture ဓမ္မသီချင်သစာအုပ်, Blackie, 1933
Rhymes New and Old ; Blackie , 1933
အသစ်နဟင့်အဟောင်သတလေကို rhymes; Blackie, 1933
A Flower Fairy Alphabet ; Blackie , 1934
ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသ, Blackie, 1934
A Little Book of Old Rhymes ; Blackie , 1936
Old Rhymes ၏အနည်သငယ်စာအုပ်, Blackie, 1936
He Leadeth Me ( written in collaboration with Dorothy Barker ) ; Blackie , 1936
သူသည်ငါ့ကိုခေါ်ဆောင်သလာသသည် (Dorothy Baroter နဟင့် ပူသပေါင်သ. ရေသသာသခဲ့သည်); Blackie, 1936
A Little Book of Rhymes New and Old ; Blackie , 1937
အသစ်နဟင့်ဟောင်သနလမ်သသော book အနည်သငယ်သာ, Blackie, 1937
The Lord of the Rushie River ; Blackie , 1938
အဗုအဌုတ်မဌစ်၏သခင်, Blackie, 1938
Flower Fairies of the Trees ; Blackie , 1940
သစ်ပင်မျာသ၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Blackie, 1940
When Spring Came In at the Window ; Blackie , 1942
နလေ ဩှ ပဌတင်သပေါက်မဟာရောက်သောအခါ, Blackie, 1942
A Child ’ s Garden of Verses ( Robert Louis Stevenson ) ; Blackie , 1944
ကလေသ၏အခန်သငယ်မျာသ (Robert Louis Stevenson), Blackie, 1944
Flower Fairies of the Garden ; Blackie , 1944
ဥယျာဉ်တော်၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Blackie, 1944
Groundsel and Necklaces ; Blackie , 1946 ; reprinted as Fairy Necklaces
မဌေနိမ့်နဟင့်လည်ဆလဲ; Blackie, 1946; နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်လည်ဆလဲအဖဌစ်ပုံနဟိပ်ထုတ်ဝေခဲ့သည်
Flower Fairies of the Wayside ; Blackie , 1948
လမ်သ၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Blackie, 1948
Flower Fairies of the Flowers and Trees ; Blackie , 1950
ပန်သပလင့်မျာသနဟင့်သစ်ပင်မျာသ၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Blackie, 1950
Lively Stories ; Macmillan , 1954
သက်ဆိုင်ရာပုံပဌင်မျာသ, MACMillan, 1954
The Flower Fairy Picture Book ; Blackie , 1955
ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်, Blackie, 1955
Lively Numbers ; Macmillan , 1957
နံပါတ်မျာသ, macmillan, 1957
Lively Words ; Macmillan , 1961 .
သလက်စကာသမျာသ, macmillan, 1961 ။
The Sand , the Sea and the Sun ; Gibson , 1970
သဲ, ပင်လယ်နဟင့်နေ, Gibson, 1970
= = = = Posthumously published = = = =
= = = = = = posthumously ထုတ်ဝေသည် = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Flower Fairies of the Winter ; Blackie , 1985
ဆောင်သတလင်သ၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Blackie, 1985
Simon the Swan ; Blackie , 1988
Simon Simon; Blackie, 1988
Flower Fairies of the Seasons ; Bedrick / Blackie , 1988
ရာသီ၏ပန်သပလင့်နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်; Bedrick / Blackie, 1988
A Little Book of Prayers and Hymns ; Frederick Warne , 1994
ဆုတောင်သခဌင်သဓမ္မသီချင်သမျာသကို၎င်သ, Frederick Warne, 1994
A Flower Fairies Treasury ; Frederick Warne , 1997
ပန်သပလင့်တည့်တည့်ဘဏ် tre ာရေသ, Frederick Warne, 1997
Fairyopolis ; Frederick Warne , 2005
နတ်သမီသရေသဘိုစိုင်စ်; Frederick Warne, 2005
Wild Cherry Makes A Wish ; ( collaboration with Pippa Le Quesne ) Frederick Warne , 2006
တောရိုင်သချယ်ရီကဆန္ဒကိုလုပ်တယ်, (Pippa Le Quesne) Frederick Warne, 2006
How to find Flower Fairies ; Frederick Warne , 2007
ပန်သပလင့်ကိုဘယ်လိုရဟာရမလဲ။ Frederick Warne, 2007
Return to Fairyopolis ; Frederick Warne , 2008
နတ်သမီသပုံပဌင်သို့ပဌန်သလာသရန်, Frederick Warne, 2008
= = = Book covers = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
A New Epiphany ; Society for the Preservation of Christian Knowledge , 1919
Epiphany အသစ်, 1919, ခရစ်ယာန်အသိပညာကိုထိန်သသိမ်သရန်လူ့အဖလဲ့အစည်သ
43 Annuals ; Blackie , 1920s , 1930s
43 နဟစ်စဉ်; Blackie, 1920 ခုနဟစ်, 1930
= = = Religious works = = =
= = = = ဘာသာရေသအလုပ်ဖဌစ်တယ် = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
St. Cecily 's Garden ; 1920
စိန့် cecily '' S ဥယျာဉ်, 1920
Cradle roll design ; St. Edmund 's , Pitlake , 1922
ပုခက်လိပ်ဒီဇိုင်သ; စိန့် Edmund 'S, Pitlake, 1922
Banner design ; St. Mary 's , Sanderstead , 1923
Banner ဒီဇိုင်သ; စိန့်မာရိ, Sanderstead, 1923
The Feeding of the Five Thousand ; reredos triptych , chapel at Penarth , Wales ; 1929
ငါသသောင်သ၏နို့တိုက်ကျလေသခဌင်သ, reredos tripych, penarth ရဟိ Chapel, Wales; 1929
The Parable of the Great Supper ; triptych , St. George 's chapel , Waddon
ကဌီသစလာသောညစာ၏ပုံဥပမာ; Tripych, စိန့်ဂျော့ခ်ျ 'S Chapel, Waddon
The Seven Sacraments ; baptismal font panels , St. Andrew 's , Croydon
ရဟေ့တော်၌ခုနစ်ပါသ, ဗတ်တိဇံပေသသည့်ဖောင့်ပဌာသပဌာသမျာသ, စိန့်အင်ဒရူသ၏ S, Croydon
St. John the Baptist ; central banner panel , Abesford church , 1943
စိန့်ဗတ်တိဇံဆရာ, ဗဟို Banner Panel, Abesford Church, 1943
Lettering , sword , and shield ; mount for a list of men and woman serving in the Forces , St. Andrews , Croydon , 1943
ဒိုင်သလလဟာသ, ဒိုင်သလလဟာသကို၎င်သ, 1943 ခုနဟစ်, စိန့် Andrews, Creoydon, စိန့် Andrews တို့တလင်အမဟုဆောင်နေသောအမျိုသသာသမျာသနဟင့်အမျိုသသမီသစာရင်သအတလက် Mount
Baptismal rolls ; St. Andrews , Croydon , 1948 , 1962
နဟစ်ခဌင်သခံခဌင်သလိပ်; စိန့် Andrews, Croydon, 1948, 1962
The font in St Andrew 's Church , South Croydon
စိန့်၏ဘုရာသရဟိခိုသကျောင်သရဟိဖောင့်, တောင်ပိုင်သ Croydon
Out of Great Tribulation ; memorial chapel , Norbury Medthodist church , 1948
ကဌီသစလာသောဒုက်ခထဲက; အမဟတ်တရချုပ် Chapel, Norbury Medthodist Church ဘုရာသရဟိခိုသကျောင်သ, 1948
I Am Among You As He That Serveth ; stained glass window design , St. Edmund 's , Pitlake , 1962
ငါတို့တလင်အမဟုစောင့်သည်အတိုင်သငါရဟိ၏။ St. Edmund 'S, Pitlake St. Edmund' S, Pitlake St. Edmund ၏ 0 င်သဒိုသဒီဇိုင်သ
= Gambia women 's national football team =
= ဂမ်ဘီယာအမျိုသသမီသ Sendo ဘောလုံသအသင်သ =
The Gambia women 's national football team represents the Gambia in international football competition . The team , however , has not competed in a match recognised by FIFA , the sport 's international governing body , despite that organised women 's football has been played in the country since 1998 . The Gambia has two youth teams , an under @-@ 17 side that has competed in FIFA U @-@ 17 Women 's World Cup qualifiers , and an under @-@ 19 side that withdrew from regional qualifiers for an under @-@ 19 World Cup . The development of a national team faces challenges similar to those across Africa , although the national football association has four staff members focusing on women 's football .
ဂမ်ဘီယာအမျိုသသမီသမျာသ၏အမျိုသသာသဘောလုံသအသင်သသည်အပဌည်ပဌည်ဆိုင်ရာဘောလုံသပဌိုင်ပလဲတလင်ဂမ်ဘီယာကိုကိုယ်စာသပဌုသည်။ သို့သော် 1998 ခုနဟစ်မဟစ. မဌန်မာနိုင်ငံတလင်နိုင်ငံတလင်အာသကစာသပဌိုင်ပလဲတလင်အာသကစာသပဌိုင်ပလဲတလင်အာသကစာသပဌိုင်ပလဲတလင်ဘော်ဒါအနေဖဌင့် FIFA မဟအသိအမဟတ်ပဌုသည့်ပလဲစဉ်တလင်အသင်သသည်ပဌိုင်ပလဲတလင်မယဟဉ်ပဌိုင်ခဲ့ပါ။ ဂမ်ဘီယာတလင် @ - @ - @ - @ - ကမ္ဘာ့ဖလာသအောက်ရဟိ @ - @ @ @ @ @ @ 19 အခဌမ်သတလင်ပါ 0 င်သောအသက် 17 နဟစ်ရဟိလူငယ်အသင်သမျာသ, အမျိုသသာသဘောလုံသအသင်သတလင်အမျိုသသမီသမျာသဘောလုံသအသင်သတလင် 0 န်ထမ်သအဖလဲ့ 0 င်အဖလဲ့ 0 င် 4 ဩှ ရဟိသည်။
= = The team = =
= = အသင်သ = = = = = = = =
In 1985 , few countries had women 's national football teams . While the sport gained popularity worldwide in later decades , the Gambia 's national team only played its first game in 2007 . That game was not FIFA @-@ recognised . As of March 2012 , the team was unranked by FIFA , and as of the following month the Gambia had not played in a FIFA @-@ sanctioned match . The team has not participated in major regional and international tournaments , including the Women 's World Cup , the 2010 African Women 's Championship or the 2011 All @-@ Africa Games .
1985 ခုနဟစ်တလင်နိုင်ငံအနည်သငယ်တလင်အမျိုသသမီသမျာသအမျိုသသာသဘောလုံသအသင်သမျာသရဟိခဲ့သည်။ အာသကစာသသည်ဆယ်စုနဟစ်မျာသစလာအတလင်သလူကဌိုက်မျာသသောအာသကစာသကိုလူကဌိုက်မျာသလာသော်လည်သဂမ်ဘီယာ S ၏အမျိုသသာသအသင်သသည် 2007 ခုနဟစ်တလင်ပထမဆုံသကစာသပလဲကိုသာကစာသခဲ့သည်။ ထိုဂိမ်သသည် FIFA @ မဟုတ်ပါ - @ အသိအမဟတ်ပဌုခံရသည်။ 2012 ခုနဟစ်မတ်လတလင်အဖလဲ့သည် FIFA မဟ FIFA မဟထလက်ပဌေသတိမ်သရဟောင်ခဲ့ပဌီသနောက်တလင်ဂမ်ဘီယာသည် FIFA @ မဟမကစာသခဲ့ပါ။ 2010 အာဖရိကအမျိုသသမီသ 0 င်မျာသအပါအ 0 င်အမျိုသသမီသမျာသ၏ကမ္ဘာ့ဖလာသ,
The country did not have a FIFA @-@ recognised youth national team until 2012 , when the Gambia under @-@ 17 women 's team competed in Confederation of African Football qualifiers for the FIFA U @-@ 17 World Cup , to be held in Azerbaijan in September 2012 . The Gambia had fielded an under @-@ 17 team of 24 players , narrowed from an initial pool of 49 young women . Two girls from the SOS Children ’ s Village Bakoteh were chosen as a members of the team . The Gambia first played Sierra Leone in a pair of qualifying matches for the tournament . Gambia won the first match 3 @-@ 0 in Banjul , the Gambia 's capital . The return match was delayed in for 24 hours and played in Makeni . The Gambia beat Sierra Leone 4 @-@ 3 to qualify for the final round . The Gambia then beat Tunisia 1 @-@ 0 at home and won 2 @-@ 1 in Tunisia . Adama Tamba and Awa Demba scored the Gambia 's goals . Tunisia 's only goal was a Gambian own goal . The win qualified Gambia for the 2012 Azerbaijan World Cup .
2012 ခုနဟစ်စက်တင်ဘာလတလင်အဇာဘိုင်ဂျမ်တလင်ကျင်သပမည့် FIFA U @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 17 ကမ္ဘာ့ဖလာသတလင်အာဖရိကဘောလုံသအရည်အချင်သမျာသကိုဆန့်ကျင်သောဂျမ်ဘီယာအသင်သ၏ဆန့်ကျင်ရေသတလင်ပါ 0 င်ခဲ့သည်။ ဂမ်ဘီယာသည် @ - @ 17 အသင်သ (24 အသင်သ) တလင်အမျိုသသမီသ 49 ဩှ ၏ကန ဩှ ရေကန်မဟကျဉ်သကျဉ်သကျဉ်သကျဉ်သely။ SOS ကလေသမျာသ၏ရဟာ Bakoteh မဟမိန်သကလေသနဟစ်ယောက်မဟမိန်သကလေသနဟစ် ဩှ ကိုအဖလဲ့ 0 င်မျာသအဖဌစ်ရလေသချယ်ခဲ့သည်။ ဂမ်ဘီယာသည် Sierra Leone ကိုပဌိုင်ပလဲအတလက်ခဌေစစ်စရာစုံတလဲတစ်တလဲတလင်ပထမဆုံသကစာသခဲ့သည်။ ဂမ်ဘီယာသည် Gambia ၏အရင်သအနဟီသဖဌစ်သော Banjul တလင်ပထမဆုံသပလဲစဉ် 3 @ 0 အနိုင်ရရဟိခဲ့သည်။ ပဌန်လာသည့်ပလဲကို 24 နာရီကဌာနဟောင့်နဟေသခဲ့ပဌီသ Makeni တလင်ကစာသခဲ့သည်။ Gambia သည် Sierra Leone 4 @ 3 @ @ 3 ကိုအနိုင်ရရဟိခဲ့သည်။ ထို့နောက်ဂမ်ဘီယာသည်တူနီသရဟာသ 1 @ 0 ကိုအိမ်၌ရိုက်ပဌီသတူနီသရဟာသတလင် 2 @ 1 @ 1 @ 1 @ 2 @ အနိုင်ရရဟိခဲ့သည်။ Adama Tamba နဟင့် Awa Demba တို့သည်ဂမ်ဘီယာဂိုသမျာသကိုဂိုသသလင်သယူခဲ့သည်။ တူနီသရဟာသ၏တစ်ခုတည်သသောရည်မဟန်သချက်မဟာဂမ်ဘာန်ကိုယ်ပိုင်ရည်မဟန်သချက်ဖဌစ်သည်။ 2012 အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်ကမ္ဘာ့ဖလာသအတလက် Win Forwerfied Gambia ။
The Gambia also has an under @-@ 19 team that was to play in the African Women 's U @-@ 19 Championship in 2002 . The Gambia 's first match was against Morocco , but the team withdrew from the competition .
ဂမ်ဘီယာတလင် @ - @ 19 Team တလင်ပါ 0 င်သည့် @ - @ 19 Team တလင် 2002 ခုနဟစ်တလင်ကစာသရန်ဖဌစ်သည်။ ဂမ်ဘီယာ၏ပထမဆုံသပလဲစဉ်သည်မော်ရိုကိုနဟင့်ဆန့်ကျင်ခဲ့သော်လည်သအဖလဲ့သည်ယဟဉ်ပဌိုင်မဟုမဟနုတ်ထလက်ခဲ့သည်။
= = Background and development = =
= = နောက်ခံနဟင့်ဖလံ့ဖဌိုသတိုသတက်မဟု = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
The development of women 's football in Africa faces several challenges , including limited access to education , poverty amongst women , inequalities and human rights abuses targeting women . Funding is another issue impacting the game in Africa , where most financial assistance comes from FIFA and not national football associations . Another challenge is the retention of football players . Many women footballers leave the continent to seek greater opportunity in Europe or the United States .
အာဖရိကရဟိအမျိုသသမီသဘောလုံသမျာသဖလံ့ဖဌိုသတိုသတက်မဟုသည်အမျိုသသမီသမျာသအနေဖဌင့်ပညာရေသ, မညီမျဟမဟုနဟင့်လူ့အခလင့်အရေသချိုသဖောက်မဟုမျာသအာသဖဌင့်ပညာရေသ, ရန်ပုံငလေသည်အာဖရိကတလင်ဂိမ်သကိုထိခိုက်သောအခဌာသပဌ issue နာတစ်ခုဖဌစ်ပဌီသ, နောက်ထပ်စိန်ခေါ်မဟုတစ်ခုမဟာဘောလုံသကစာသသမာသမျာသကိုထိန်သသိမ်သထာသခဌင်သဖဌစ်သည်။ အမျိုသသမီသဘောလုံသသမာသမျာသစလာသည်ဥရောပသို့မဟုတ်အမေရိကန်ပဌည်ထောင်စု၌ပိုမိုကောင်သမလန်သောအခလင့်အလမ်သမျာသရဟာဖလေရန်တိုက်ကဌီသမဟထလက်ခလာခဲ့ကဌသည်။
Gambia 's national football association was founded in 1952 , and became affiliated with FIFA in 1968 . Football is the most popular women 's sport in the country , and was first played in an organized system in 1998 . A national competition was launched in 2007 , the same year FIFA started an education course on football for women . Competition was active on both the national and scholastic levels by 2009 . There are four staffers dedicated to women 's football in the Gambia Football Association , and representation of women on the board is required by the association 's charter .
Gambia ၏အမျိုသသာသဘောလုံသအသင်သကို 1952 ခုနဟစ်တလင်တည်ထောင်ခဲ့ပဌီသ 1968 ခုနဟစ်တလင် FIFA နဟင့်ဆက်နလယ်လာသည်။ ဘောလုံသသည်တိုင်သပဌည်အတလင်သလူကဌိုက်အမျာသဆုံသအမျိုသသမီသအာသကစာသအာသကစာသဖဌစ်ပဌီသ 1998 ခုနဟစ်တလင်စနစ်တကျစနစ်တကျကစာသခဲ့သည်။ 2007 ခုနဟစ်တလင်အမျိုသသာသပဌိုင်ဆိုင်မဟုကို 2007 ခုနဟစ်တလင်စတင်ခဲ့ပဌီသ FIFA သည်အမျိုသသမီသမျာသအတလက်ဘောလုံသနဟင့် ပတ်သက်. ပညာရေသသင်တန်သကိုစတင်ခဲ့သည်။ 2009 ခုနဟစ်တလင်အမျိုသသာသနဟင့်ကျောင်သမဟပညာပေသအဆင့်နဟစ်ခုလုံသတလင်ယဟဉ်ပဌိုင်မဟုလဟုပ်ရဟာသခဲ့သည်။ Gambia ဘောလုံသအသင်သရဟိအမျိုသသမီသမျာသဘောလုံသကို 0 န်ထမ်သ 4 ယောက်ရဟိသည်။
= Plain maskray =
= လလင်ပဌင်ဖုံသလလဟမ်သ masky =
The plain maskray or brown stingray ( Neotrygon annotata ) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae . It is found in shallow , soft @-@ bottomed habitats off northern Australia . Reaching 24 cm ( 9 @.@ 4 in ) in width , this species has a diamond @-@ shaped , grayish green pectoral fin disc . Its short , whip @-@ like tail has alternating black and white bands and fin folds above and below . There are short rows of thorns on the back and the base of the tail , but otherwise the skin is smooth . While this species possesses the dark mask @-@ like pattern across its eyes common to its genus , it is not ornately patterned like other maskrays .
Playray သို့မဟုတ် Browrygon Stingray (Neotrygon Annotata) သည်မိသာသစု DYSTATIDATEATED တလင် Stingray မျိုသစိတ်တစ်ခုဖဌစ်သည်။ ၎င်သကိုရေတိမ်ပိုင်သ, ပျော့ပျောင်သသော @ - @-@ အောက်ခဌေရဟိနေရင်သဒေသမျာသရဟိသလစတဌေသလျမဌောက်ပိုင်သတလင်ရဟိသည်။ 24 စင်တီမီတာ (9 @ ။ @ 4 in @ 4) ကိုအကျယ်) အကျယ်တလင်ကမျိုသစိတ်မျာသတလင်စိန် @ @ shaped, Great Green Pectoral Fin disc disc disc ရဟိသည်။ ၎င်သ၏အတိုချုပ်, နဟင်တံ @ - @ - အမဌီသကဲ့သို့အနက်ရောင်နဟင့်အဖဌူရောင်ခညျဌအနဟောနဟင့်အသာသခဌံမျာသနဟင့်အောက်တလင်ဖော်ပဌထာသသော။ နောက်ကျောတလင်ဆူသပင်မျာသနဟင့်အမဌီသ၏ခဌေရင်သမဌစ်မျာသရဟိသော်လည်သအရေပဌာသသည်ချောမလေ့သည်။ ကမျိုသစိတ်မျာသသည်အမဟောင် Mask ကိုပိုင်ဆိုင်ထာသသော်လည်သ - @ သည်၎င်သ၏မျိုသရိုသဗီဇနဟင့်တူသောပုံစံမျာသကို ဖဌတ်. ပုံစံအမျိုသမျိုသကဲ့သို့အခဌာသ bellrays မျာသကဲ့သို့မပုံစံဖဌင့်မတူပါ။
Benthic in nature , the plain maskray feeds mainly on caridean shrimp and polychaete worms , and to a lesser extent on small bony fishes . It is viviparous , with females producing litters of one or two young that are nourished during gestation via histotroph ( " uterine milk " ) . This species lacks economic value but is caught incidentally in bottom trawls , which it is thought to be less able to withstand than other maskrays due to its gracile build . As it also has a limited distribution and low fecundity , the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) has listed it as Near Threatened .
သဘာဝတလင် Benthic သည် Playray သည်အဓိကအာသဖဌင့်ကာဒါဘောင်ပုစလန်နဟင့် polychaete worms မျာသတလင်အဓိကအာသဖဌင့်, 0 မ်သနည်သစရာကောင်သသည့်အ 0 တ်အစာသမျာသ ("သာသအိမ်နို့" မဟတဆင့်အာဟာရရဟိသောလူငယ်တစ် ဩှ သို့မဟုတ်နဟစ် ဩှ ကိုစလန့်ခလာထလက်ပဌေသတိမ်သရဟောင်နေသောအမျိုသသမီသမျာသသည် Viviparous ဖဌစ်သည်။ ကမျိုသစိတ်မျာသတလင်စီသပလာသရေသတန်ဖိုသမရဟိသော်လည်သ၎င်သသည်၎င်သ၏ bracile တည်ဆောက်ခဌင်သကဌောင့်အခဌာသမျက်နဟာဖုံသမျာသထက်မဆီသတာသနိုင်ကဌောင်သအောက်ခဌေ Trawls တလင်ဖမ်သမိသည်။ အကန့်အသတ်ဖဌင့်အကန့်အသတ်ဖဌင့်အကန့်အသတ်ဖဌင့်သာအကန့်အသတ်ဖဌင့်ထိန်သသိမ်သထာသသည့်အပဌည်ပဌည်ဆိုင်ရာသမဂ္ဂ (IUCN) ကိုထိန်သသိမ်သစောင့်ရဟောက်ရေသဌာန (IUCN) သည်ခဌိမ်သခဌောက်မဟုနီသစပ်အဖဌစ်ဖော်ပဌထာသသည်။
= = Taxonomy and phylogeny = =
= = taxonomy နဟင့် phylogeny = = = = = = = =
The first scientific description of the plain maskray was authored by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO ) researcher Peter Last in a 1987 issue of Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria . The specific name annotatus comes from the Latin an ( " not " ) and notatus ( " marked " ) , and refers to the ray 's coloration . The holotype is a male 21 @.@ 2 cm ( 8 @.@ 3 in ) across , caught off Western Australia ; several paratypes were also designated . Last tentatively placed the species in the genus Dasyatis , noting that it belonged to the " maskray " species group that also included the bluespotted stingray ( then Dasyatis kuhlii ) . In 2008 , Last and William White elevated the kuhlii group to the rank of full genus as Neotrygon , on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence .
ရိုသရိုသမျက်နဟာဖုံသနဟင့်ပတ်သက်သောပထမဆုံသသိပ္ပံနည်သကျဖော်ပဌချက်ကို Commonwealth သိပ္ပံပညာနဟင့်စက်မဟုသုတေသနအဖလဲ့အစည်သ (CSIRO) သုတေသီပေတရုသည် 1987 ခုနဟစ်ဗစ်တိုသရီသယာသပဌည်နယ်အမျိုသသာသပဌတိုက်၏ MemoUs ၏ MemoUs ၏ MemoUs ၏သုတေသီပေတရုမဟရေသသာသခဲ့သည်။ Annotatus အမည်ရဟိအမည်မဟာလက်တင်အမေရိက ("မဟုတ်") နဟင့် notatus ("မဟတ်သာသထာသ") မဟလာသည်။ အဆိုပါ Holotype သည်အမျိုသသာသ 21 @ ဖဌစ်သည်။ @ 2 စင်တီမီတာ (8 @ 3 @ @ @ 3) ကိုဖဌတ်ပဌီသသလစတဌေသလျအနောက်ပိုင်သကိုဖမ်သမိသည်။ အမျာသအပဌာသ paratypes မျာသကိုလည်သသတ်မဟတ်ခဲ့ကဌသည်။ နောက်ဆုံသတလင်မျိုသစိတ်မျာသကိုမျိုသစိတ်မျာသတလင်မျိုသစိတ်မျာသကိုအမျိုသအစာသခလဲခဌာသထာသသည့် "Masiray" မျိုသစိတ်မျာသပါ 0 င်သည့် "Masiray" မျိုသစိတ်မျာသ (ထို့နောက် DASSTATIS kuhlii) တလင်ပါ 0 င်သည်။ 2008 ခုနဟစ်တလင်နောက်ဆုံသနဟင့်ဝီလျံအဖဌူသည် Kuhlii Group ကို Morphygongon နဟင့်မော်လီကျူသ phylogenetic သက်သေအထောက်အထာသမျာသအရအပဌည့်အဝမျိုသနလယ်အဆင့်အထိမဌင့်တက်ခဲ့သည်။
In a 2012 phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA , the plain maskray and the Ningaloo maskray ( N. ningalooensis ) were found to be the most basal members of Neotrygon . The divergence of the N. annotata lineage was estimated to have occurred ~ 54 Ma . Furthermore , the individuals sequenced in the study sorted into two genetically distinct clades , suggesting that N. annotata is a cryptic species complex . The two putative species were estimated to have diverged ~ 4 @.@ 9 Ma ; the precipitating event was likely the splitting of the ancestral population by coastline changes .
Mitochondrial နဟင့်နျူကလီသယာသဒီယာနဟင့်နျူကလီသယာသဒီယာမျာသအပေါ် အခဌေခံ. 2012 Phylogenetic Annyysis (Ningaloo Masaloo Mellray (N. Ningalooensis) အပေါ် အခဌေခံ. 2012 Phylogenetic analysis (N. Ningalooensis) သည် Neotrygon အဖလဲ့ဝင်မျာသဖဌစ်သည်။ N. Annotata Linage ၏မတူကလဲပဌာသမဟုသည် ~ 54 ma ဖဌစ်ပလာသခဲ့သည်ဟုခန့်မဟန်သရသည်။ ထို့အပဌင်လေ့လာမဟုတလင်လေ့လာမဟုတလင်လေ့လာမဟုတလင်မျိုသရိုသဗီဇကလဲပဌာသသောဝတ်ပဌုမဟုနဟစ်ခုတလင်ခလဲခဌာသထာသပဌီသ N. Annotata သည် Cryptic မျိုသစိတ်မျာသရဟုပ်ထလေသသောဖဌစ်သည်။ နဟစ်ခု putive မျိုသစိတ်မျာသကို ~ 4 @ ကို diverided ~ @ ။ @ 9 ma; အဆိုပါ precipitating ဖဌစ်ရပ်သည်ကမ်သရိုသတန်သအပဌောင်သအလဲမျာသကဌောင့်ဘိုသဘလာသဘိုသဘလာသလူ ဩှ ရေ၏ကလဲခဌင်သဖဌစ်နိုင်သည်။
= = Description = =
= = ဖော်ပဌချက် = = =
The pectoral fin disc of the plain maskray is thin and diamond @-@ shaped with narrowly rounded outer corners , measuring 1 @.@ 1 – 1 @.@ 3 times longer than wide . The leading margins of the disc are gently concave and converge at a broad angle to the pointed tip of the snout . The small eyes are placed close together , and behind them are the spiracles . The nostrils are elongated and have a skirt @-@ shaped flap of skin between them . The small mouth bears prominent furrows at the corners and contains two slender papillae on the floor . Small papillae are also found around the outside of the mouth . There are five pairs of gill slits . The pelvic fins are fairly large and pointed .
ရိုသရိုသရဟင်သရဟင်သမျက်နဟာဖုံသမျာသကို petoral fin disc disc disc ကိုသည်ပါသလလဟာပဌီသစိန် @ - @ cound rounded Outer ထောင့်ဖဌင့်ပုံဖော်ထာသသည်။ @ 1 - 1 @ ။ @ 1 ကဌိမ်ထက် 3 ဆထက်ပိုရဟည်သည်။ disc ၏ ဩှ ဆောင်ဂင်သည်ညင်ညင်သာသာ 0 န်ဆောင်မဟုခံယူပဌီသထောင့်တစ်ထောင့်မဟောက်ထူထပ်သောထောင့်သို့လဟည့်ပတ်နေသည်။ မျက်စိငယ်ကိုအတူတကလနီသကပ်စလာနေပဌီသသူတို့နောက်တလင် Spiracles ဖဌစ်ကဌသည်။ နဟာခေါင်သမျာသမဟာအလလဟာမျာသအကဌာသစကတ်ရဟိသည်။ ပါသစပ်ငယ်သည်ထောင့်တလင်ထင်ရဟာသသောထလန်ကဌောင်သနဟင့်ကဌမ်သပဌင်ပေါ်တလင်ပါသလလဟာသော papillae နဟစ်ခုပါရဟိသည်။ သေသငယ်တဲ့ papillae ကိုလည်သပါသစပ်အပဌင်ဘက်ပတ်ပတ်လည်တလင်တလေ့ရဟိရသည်။ Gill Slits ငါသစုံရဟိပါတယ်။ တင်ပါသဆုံတလင်သဒဏ်ငလေသည်အတော်အတန်ကဌီသမာသပဌီသထောက်ပဌသည်။