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41015076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashposhteh | Rashposhteh | Rashposhteh (, also Romanized as Rāshposhteh) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%20Mahalleh | Lat Mahalleh | Lat Mahalleh () may refer to:
Lat Mahalleh, Gilan
Lat Mahalleh, Amlash, Gilan Province
Lat Mahalleh, Mazandaran |
41015136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-anointing%20in%20animals | Self-anointing in animals | Self-anointing in animals, sometimes called anointing or anting, is a behaviour whereby a non-human animal smears odoriferous substances over themselves. These substances are often the secretions, parts, or entire bodies of other animals or plants. The animal may chew these substances and then spread the resulting saliva mixture over their body, or they may apply the source of the odour directly with an appendage, tool or by rubbing their body on the source.
The functions of self-anointing differ between species, but it may act as self-medication, repel parasites, provide camouflage, aid in communication, or make the animal poisonous.
Primates
Several primate species self-anoint with various items such as millipedes, leaves and fruit. They sometimes drool while doing this. Both capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys perform urine washing, when they deposit a small quantity of urine onto the palm of a hand and then rub it on the sole of the opposite foot. It is thought to have multiple functions including hygiene, thermoregulation and response to irritation from biting ectoparasites (such as ticks and botfly). Some strepsirrhines and New World monkeys also self-anoint the body with urine to communicate.
Capuchins
Wild wedge-capped capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceus) self-anoint with millipedes (Orthoporus dorsovittatus). Chemical analysis revealed these millipedes secrete two benzoquinones, compounds known to be potently repellent to insects and the secretions are thought to provide protection against insects, particularly mosquitoes (and the bot flies they transmit) during the rainy season. Millipede secretion is so avidly sought by the monkeys that up to four of them will share a single millipede. The anointment must also involve risks, since benzoquinones are toxic and carcinogenic; however, it is likely that for capuchins, the immediate benefits of self-anointment outweigh the long-term costs. Secretions from these millipedes also elicit self-anointing in captive male and female tufted capuchin (C. apella) and white-faced capuchin (C. capucinus) monkeys.
Wild Cebus anoint more with plant parts, including fruits, whereas wild Sapajus anoint more with ants and other arthropods. White-faced capuchins in particular use more plant species at each site for anointing compared with other capuchins and may specialize in anointing as an activity independent from foraging, whereas most other capuchin species tend to eat the substances they use for anointing. Wild Cebus anoint at a higher frequency than Sapajus as occurs in captive groups. However, contrary data from captive animals there no difference in the range of sociality for anointing between Cebus and Sapajus in the wild.
Capuchin monkeys at the Edinburgh Zoo rub onions and limes on their skin and into their fur as an antiseptic and insect repellent.
White-faced capuchin monkeys sometimes anoint their bodies with mud and plant matter, a natural insect repellent. With their heads and faces slathered in this mixture, these highly social primates lose their ability to recognise each other and previously friendly monkeys can become fighting foes.
Spider monkeys
Mexican spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) self-anoint with the leaves of three species of plants;
the Alamos pea tree (Brongniartia alamosana), the trumpet tree (Cecropia obtusifolia) and wild celery (Apium graveolens). In one study, only two males in a group of 10 individuals displayed self-anointing. Only the sternal and axillary regions of the body were rubbed with the mix of saliva and plant material. There was a lack of correlation between the occurrence of self-anointing and time of day, season of the year, ambient temperature or humidity, indicating that this behaviour does not function in repelling insects and/or mitigating topical skin infections in this species. Rather, the three plant species spread an intensive and aromatic odour when crushed, indicating that self-anointing in Mexican spider monkeys may play a role in the context of social communication, possibly for signalling of social status or to increase sexual attractiveness.
Lemurs
Male ring-tailed lemurs have scent glands on their wrists, chests, and in the genital area. During encounters with rival males they may perform ritualised aggression by having a "stink fight". The males anoint their tails by rubbing the ends of their tails on the inside of their wrists and on their chests. They then arch their tails over their bodies and wave them at their opponent. The male toward which this is directed either responds with a display of his own, physical aggression, or flees. "Stink fights" can last from 10 minutes to one hour.
Black lemurs have also been observed self-anointing with millipedes.
Ungulates
Several ungulates self-anoint with their own urine. Sometimes this is directly onto their body, or at other times, it is deposited onto the ground or into a wallow and the animal rubs its body onto the substrate.
In Nile lechwe, a unique form of marking is seen with the start of mating. The male bends his head to the ground and urinates on his throat and cheek hair. He then rubs his dripping beard on the female's forehead and rump.
Deer
Unlike other deer species, chital do not spray urine on their bodies. Instead, male chital mark their territory by dripping urine in scrapes, and then pawing them.
Sambar stags will wallow and dig their antlers in urine soaked soil and then rub against tree trunks. A stag will also mark himself by spraying urine directly in the face with a highly mobile penis, which is often erect during rutting activities. Similar urine-spraying behavior is common in other deer species, and is known as automarking.
Throughout the year white-tailed deer will rub-urinate, a process during which a deer squats while urinating so that urine will run down the insides of the deer's legs, over the tarsal glands, and onto the hair covering these glands. Bucks rub-urinate more frequently during the breeding season.
Elk
Bull elk often dig holes in the ground, in which they urinate and roll their body. The urine soaks into their hair and gives them a distinct smell which attracts cows. Some deer species, including elk, can mark themselves by spraying urine on their bodies from an erect penis. One type of scent-marking behavior in elk is known as "thrash-urination, which typically involves palpitation of the erect penis. A male elk's urethra points upward so that urine is sprayed almost at a right angle to the penis.
When urine marking, the male elk advertises this with a specialised vocalisation called the "bugle". During the last phase of the bugle, the bull rubs (palpates) his belly in rhythm with "yelps". He then directs a spray of urine towards his stomach or the ground. The hair on his stomach in front of the penis becomes soaked with urine and gains a dark brown tint.
Urine spraying is a variable behaviour. It may consist of simply dribbling a few drops of urine, or, large rhythmic discharges from an erect penis. A stream may be aimed at the mane on the neck, or, a fine mist might be sprayed against the stomach. The bull usually rub/palpates during this process. The urine can be voided almost at right angles to the erect penis. When a large volume of urine is sprayed, it usually takes place at a wallow. When urine spraying, the bull lowers his head towards the ground. In this position, his mane becomes soaked as he sprays urine forwards, between his legs. Once the wallow has been created, the male elk lowers himself into the area, rolls on his side and rub his mane on the soaked area of the wallow. He rubs the side of his face, his chest, stomach, legs, and flanks, which all become caked with mud. During wallowing, the elk's penis may remain erect and he may continue to spray urine.
Red deer
Male red deer anoint their wallows with urine and roll in these in a very similar way to elk.
Goats
Male goats self-anoint with their urine. This is done by extending the penis, bending the haunches and
extending the head backwards causing the urine to hit the mouth, throat, face and beard. This type of urination is possibly an indicator of rank and physical condition, and plays an important role in goat reproduction.
Rodents
The rice-field rat (Rattus rattoides) displays self-anointing behaviour in response to the anal-gland secretions of the weasel Mustela sibirica; however, they do not respond to the faeces and urine of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Juvenile rats born in the laboratory with no experience of weasels also display self-anointing behaviour. In this species, the self-anointing behaviour is not sex-specific or age-specific.
Ground squirrels chew rattlesnake skins and then lick their fur, a behaviour likely to deter that particular predator.
Hedgehogs
European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) have been widely reported to self-anoint with a range of toxic and irritating substances, particularly when introduced to a new or strong-smelling substance. These substances include toad skin, tobacco, soap and faecal matter. The hedgehog chews and licks at these substances when it encounters them which produces frothy saliva-substance mix that the hedgehog then spreads onto its spines.
Young hedgehogs will react to these substances and sometimes also lick substances on the spines of their mothers and self-anoint. Self-anointing has been observed in hedgehogs as young as 15 days of age, before their eyes open.
In one study, indications of self-anointing were observed in more than 11% of all observations. First-year, independent young self-anointed more than adults, and male hedgehogs had more indications of self-anointing than females. Self-anointing in adults displayed a peak in the summer, while no clear pattern was observed for young. It was concluded that self-anointing is dependent on gender, age and season.
Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the function of self-anointing in hedgehogs. It may function as a form of scent camouflage, to mask their own scent with the new scent in the environment. Hedgehogs are resistant to many toxins and one theory is that hedgehogs spread toxins on their quills as added protection. Hedgehogs will sometimes kill toads (Bufo), bite into the toads' poison glands and smear the toxic mixture on their spines.
Canines
Several canines self-anoint. In these species, it is sometimes known as scent rolling.
Domestic dogs
Domestic dogs often roll in odoriferous substances, choosing items such as cow manure, a road kill, or rotten fish.
Wolves
Captive wolves will scent roll in a wide range of substances including animal feces, carrion (elk, mouse, pig, badger), mint extract, perfume, animal repellant, fly repellent, etc.
Bears
North American brown bears (Ursus arctos) make a paste of Osha roots (Ligusticum porteri) and saliva and rub it through their fur to repel insects or soothe bites. This plant, locally known as bear root, contains 105 active compounds, such as coumarins that may repel insects when topically applied. Navajo Indians are said to have learned to use this root medicinally from the bear for treating stomach aches and infections.
Birds
The use of millipedes in self-anointing by birds has been reported for the strong-billed woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes promeropirhyncus) in Belize, the little shrike-thrush (Colluricincla megarhyncha parvula) in Australia, the black-throated shrikebill (Clytorhynchus nigrogularis) and the jungle mynah (Acridotheres fuscus) in the Fiji Islands, the European robin (Erithacus rubecula) in England and the grey-winged trumpeter (Psophia crepitans) and the pale-winged trumpeter (P. leucoptera) in northern South America.
In one study, mothballs (which contain naphthalene) were placed in a flowerbed. A common grackle picked one out, extended its left wing and rubbed the mothball up and down the length of the shaft of each of the secondary feathers. The grackle went on to rub the mothball over its secondary coverts on the ventral side and onto the propatagium area. The grackle then repeated the same rubbing actions on its right wing. The entire rubbing behaviour lasted approximately 10 minutes. European starlings also performed a similar behaviour with mothballs.
During anting, birds rub insects on their feathers, usually ants, which secrete liquids containing chemicals such as formic acid. These can act as an insecticide, miticide, fungicide, bactericide, or to make the insects edible by removing the distasteful acid. It possibly also supplements the bird's own preen oil. Although it has been suggested that anting acts as a way of reducing feather parasites such as mites or in controlling fungi or bacteria, there has been little convincing support for any of the theories. Some cases of anting involved the use of millipedes or puss moth caterpillars, and these too are known to release powerful defensive chemicals.
Another suggested function, based on observation of blue jays, is that the bird makes the insects edible, by discharging the harmful acid onto their feathers. The birds were found to show anting behaviour only if the ants had a full acid sac, and with subjects whose acid sacs had been experimentally removed, the behaviour was absent.
Finally, it has also been suggested that anting is related to feather moulting. The metabolic products of the ants may soothe skin irritated by unusually rapid feather replacement. However, the correlation may also be attributed to the greater activity of ants in summer.
Related behaviours
Some birds like antbirds and flickers not only wear ants, but also consume the ants as an important part of their diet. Other opportunist ant-eating birds include sparrows, wrens, grouse and starlings.
Social anointing
Owl monkeys (Aotus spp.) will anoint each other in groups of two or more by rubbing their bodies against one another while self-anointing with millipedes. Social anointing has been observed anecdotally in a captive colony for almost ten years. In 24, 5-min presentations to this group, a total of 25 separate bouts of social anointing were observed. Twenty-four of 35 owl monkeys were observed to socially anoint, including all ages and both sexes, in bouts which ranged from 5–322 seconds.
See also
Ring-tailed lemur#Olfactory communication
Personal grooming
References
External links
Video of self-anointing male elk
Animal communication
Ethology
Articles containing video clips |
41015146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadmorad%20Mahalleh%2C%20Mazandaran | Shadmorad Mahalleh, Mazandaran | Shadmorad Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Shādmorād Maḩalleh; also known as Shāhmorād Maḩalleh) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 313, in 79 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sang%20Poshteh | Sang Poshteh | Sang Poshteh () is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarku%20Sara | Sarku Sara | Sarku Sara (, also Romanized as Sarkū Sarā; also known as Sūrgūsarā) is a small village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 15 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarlimak | Sarlimak | Sarlimak (, also Romanized as Sarlīmāk) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 31 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talesh%20Sara | Talesh Sara | Talesh Sara (, also Romanized as Ţālesh Sarā) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 29 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallar%20Sar-e%20Gharbi | Tallar Sar-e Gharbi | Tallar Sar-e Gharbi (, also Romanized as Ţallār Sar-e Gharbī; also known as Ţalārsar) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 366, in 97 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallar%20Sar-e%20Sharqi | Tallar Sar-e Sharqi | Tallar Sar-e Sharqi (, also Romanized as Ţallār Sar-e Sharqī; also known as Tallār Sar-e Bālā) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 22 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaneh%20Kuh | Vaneh Kuh | Vaneh Kuh (, also Romanized as Vaneh Kūh) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 70, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyfi | Eyfi | Eyfi (, also Romanized as Eyfī) is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 65, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaneh | Akaneh | Akaneh () is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 63, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalayeh%2C%20Mazandaran | Kalayeh, Mazandaran | Kalayeh (, also Romanized as Kalāyeh) is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 63, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loj%2C%20Mazandaran | Loj, Mazandaran | Loj () is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mij%2C%20Mazandaran | Mij, Mazandaran | Mij (, also Romanized as Mīj) is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 35 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narneh | Narneh | Narneh (, also Romanized as Nārneh) is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 25 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadak | Nadak | Nadak (, also Romanized as Nadāk) is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 98, in 26 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separ%20Deh | Separ Deh | Separ Deh (, also Romanized as Sepār Deh; also known as Sebār Deh) is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 381, in 115 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomol%2C%20Mazandaran | Tomol, Mazandaran | Tomol (; also known as Tomon) is a village in Eshkevar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 245, in 72 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadmorad%20Mahalleh | Shadmorad Mahalleh | Shadmorad Mahalleh () may refer to:
Shadmorad Mahalleh, Gilan
Shadmorad Mahalleh, Mazandaran |
41015209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Men%27s%20NORCECA%20Volleyball%20Final%20Four%20Cup | 2013 Men's NORCECA Volleyball Final Four Cup | The 2013 Final Four Men's Volleyball Cup was the first edition of the annual men's volleyball tournament, played by four countries from November 6–9, 2013 in Monterrey, Mexico. Mexico won the event with the Dominican Republic in second place and Canada won the bronze over the fourth place, Venezuela. The Mexican Tomás Aguilera was awarded Most Valuable Player.
Competing Nations
Round robin
Final
Final standing
Awards
Most valuable player
Tomás Aguilera
Best scorer
Henry Tapia
Best spiker
Jesús Valdez
Best blocker
Samuel Cordón
Best server
Elnis Palomino
Best setter
Pedro Rangel
Best libero
Marshall Douglas
Best receiver
Héctor Salerno
Best libero
Edwin Peguero
References
NORCECA
F |
41015228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallar%20Sar | Tallar Sar | Tallar Sar or Talarsar () may refer to:
Tallar Sar-e Gharbi
Tallar Sar-e Sharqi |
41015321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Salmet | Henri Salmet | Henri Salmet (22 July 1878 – 1929?) was an early French aviator.
Early life
Henri Salmet was born on 22 July 1878, in Paris.
Blériot Flying School 1911
In early 1911, he was employed by the Blériot Flying School at Hendon Aerodrome, and was taught to fly by its Chief Flying Instructor, Pierre Prier. On 27 June 1911, he was awarded Aviator's Certificate No. 99 by the Royal Aero Club. Later in 1911, he succeeded Pierre Prier as Chief Flying Instructor. On 29 November 1911, he broke the British altitude record in a flight to .
London to Paris flight 1912
On 7 March 1912, in a Blériot XI, he attempted to break the record for the shortest time for a non-stop flight from London (Hendon Aerodrome) to Paris (Issy-les-Moulineaux), previously set by Pierre Prier on 13 April 1911. Salmet's time was three hours sixteen minutes, and that was duly reported in the press. However, Salmet later confessed that he had landed in France en route to Paris to locate his bearings, so the existing record was not broken.
"Wake Up England" tour 1912
In July and August 1912, Salmet took part in the "Wake Up England" aviation tour organised by Claude Graham-White, and sponsored by the Daily Mail newspaper. The purpose was to promote public interest in aviation, and it visited 121 towns, many of which were holiday resorts. Salmet flew a Blériot XI-2, a two-seater that enabled him to carry a paying passenger.
"The Daily Mail" Aeroplane Tour 1913-1914
In 1913, Salmet flew in a tour of Great Britain, again sponsored by the Daily Mail, whose title was emblazoned beneath the wings of his Blériot XI-2. One of his passengers that year was the English illustrator Wyndham Payne. In April 1914, he landed the Blériot at Gyllyngvase beach near Falmouth, where the wheels dug into the soft sand, and the aircraft tipped up onto its nose. The Blériot was then fitted with its optional floats to enable operation from the sea. Soon after, an engine failure caused a forced landing on the sea near Lizard Point, during a flight carrying the Lady Mayoress of Falmouth.
Wars of the Roses Air Race 1913
On 2 October 1913, Salmet displayed his aircraft at Leeds, and operated passenger flights during the preparation for the Wars of the Roses (air race).
Newspaper deliveries at Nice 1914
On 5 January 1914, the Daily Mail Riviera Supplement reported that Salmet had started to carry passengers on flights in the area of Nice, during which flowers and copies of the newspaper were dropped as publicity stunts.
World War I
After the outbreak of war, he joined the Aéronautique Militaire (French army air service), and served with the title Marechal des Logis, with Escadrille C9, flying Caudron G.4 reconnaissance bombers from Villers-lès-Nancy. On 7 April 1915, he was awarded the Croix de Guerre. In August 1915, a further citation was awarded to him.
References
Bibliography
Sanger, Ray. 2008. Bleriot in Britain 1899-1927. Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd.
1878 births
1929 deaths
Year of death uncertain
French military personnel of World War I
French World War I pilots
French aviation record holders |
41015388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghuz%20Koti%2C%20Ramsar | Aghuz Koti, Ramsar | Aghuz Koti (, also Romanized as Āghūz Kotī and Āghūzkatī; also known as Āghūzkī-ye Bālā) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 8 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekra%20Sar | Ekra Sar | Ekra Sar (, also Romanized as Ekrā Sar) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in six families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armu%2C%20Mazandaran | Armu, Mazandaran | Armu (, also Romanized as Ārmū) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 10, in 6 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churteh | Churteh | Churteh (, also Romanized as Chūrteh; also known as Choorti, Chortī, and Chūrdeh) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 8 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deraz%20Zamin | Deraz Zamin | Deraz Zamin (, also Romanized as Derāz Zamīn; also known as Derāz Zamīnak) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darreh%20Dom | Darreh Dom | Darreh Dom () is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 6 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelin%2C%20Mazandaran | Gelin, Mazandaran | Gelin (, also Romanized as Gelīn, Galīn, and Galyan) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45, in 21 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennat%20Rudbar | Jennat Rudbar | Jennat Rudbar (, also Romanized as Jennat Rūdbār) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District of Dalkhani District, Ramsar County, Mazandaran province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 191 in 77 households, when it was in the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 130 people in 62 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 174 people in 77 households; it was the largest village in its rural district.
After the 2016 census, Chehel Shahid and Jennat Rudbar Rural Districts were separated from the Central District into the new Dalkhani District, with the new city of Dalkhani (formerly Galesh Mahalleh) as its capital.
References
Ramsar County
Populated places in Mazandaran Province
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garikesh | Garikesh | Garikesh (, also Romanized as Garīkesh; also known as Karīkesh) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in 8 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garkesh | Garkesh | Garkesh (; also known as Karīkesh) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 8 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kord%20Kheyl%2C%20Ramsar | Kord Kheyl, Ramsar | Kord Kheyl (, also Romanized as Kord Khīl) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligah | Ligah | Ligah (, also Romanized as Līgāh; also known as Legā) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limakadeh | Limakadeh | Limakadeh (, also Romanized as Līmākadeh and Līmāk Deh) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 10 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namak%20Darreh | Namak Darreh | Namak Darreh (, also Romanized as Namakdarreh) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palhamjan | Palhamjan | Palhamjan (, also Romanized as Palhamjān) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 6 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20German%20cruisers%20named%20Karlsruhe | List of German cruisers named Karlsruhe | German cruiser Karlsruhe may refer to:
, German light cruiser, launched 1912, sunk 1914.
, German light cruiser, launched 1916, scuttled 1919.
(1927), German light cruiser, launched 1927, sunk 1940.
Others
Ersatz Karlsruhe, German World War I light cruiser. Not completed, scrapped in 1920.
See also
Karlsruhe (disambiguation) for other uses of the name Karlsruhe and ship names (Karlsruhe).
German Navy ship names |
41015466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chak%2C%20Iran | Chak, Iran | Chak () in Iran may refer to:
Chak, Gilan (چاك - Chāk)
Chak, South Khorasan (چك - Chak') |
41015495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20EM%20simulation%20software | Comparison of EM simulation software | The following table lists software packages with their own article on Wikipedia that are nominal EM (electromagnetic) simulators;
References
Software comparisons |
41015568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galyan | Galyan | Galyan may refer to:
A type of hookah or pipe
Galyan's, an American sporting goods chain
See also
Galin, Iran (disambiguation) |
41015599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karikesh | Karikesh | Karikesh () may refer to:
Garikesh
Garkesh |
41015673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadeh%2C%20Mazandaran | Sadeh, Mazandaran | Sadeh () is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 11, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sormoshk | Sormoshk | Sormoshk (; also known as Sūrmeshk) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 13 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talich%20Kuh | Talich Kuh | Talich Kuh (, also Romanized as Talīch Kūh) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 8, in 4 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaru%20Sara | Zaru Sara | Zaru Sara (, also Romanized as Zarū Sarā; also known as Zarūd Sarā) is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asalam%20Dasht | Asalam Dasht | Asalam Dasht (, also Romanized as Asālam Dasht) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 6 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astal%20Kenar | Astal Kenar | Astal Kenar (, also Romanized as Astal Kenār) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 158, in 46 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala%20Jir%20Kuh | Bala Jir Kuh | Bala Jir Kuh (, also Romanized as Bālā Jīr Kūh; also known as Jīr Kūh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamasi | Bamasi | Bamasi (, also Romanized as Bāmasī) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 105, in 31 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daq%20Langeh | Daq Langeh | Daq Langeh (, also Romanized as Dāq Langeh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%20Sara | Dom Sara | Dom Sara (, also Romanized as Dom Sarā) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 34, in 9 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darya%20Poshteh | Darya Poshteh | Darya Poshteh (, also Romanized as Daryā Poshteh; also known as Daryapushteh, and Daryāpushti) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 770, in 217 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20in%20Swedish%20football | 2014 in Swedish football | The 2014 season was the 117th season of competitive football in Sweden. The competitive started with the group stage of Svenska Cupen on 1 March. League competition started late March and early April with Allsvenskan on 30 March, Superettan on 6 April, Damallsvenskan on 13 April and Division 1 on 20 April. Svenska Cupen ended with the final on 18 May. Damallsvenskan ended on 19 October, Allsvenskan and Division 1 ended on 1 November, Superettan one day later on 2 November and lower men's leagues on the weekend before. Qualification play-offs were held after the end of league play with the Allsvenskan and Superettan play-offs being held on 6 and 9 November. Svenska Supercupen was held on 9 November and was contested by the winner of Allsvenskan and Svenska Cupen. Sweden participated in qualifying for the UEFA Euro 2016.
Honours
Men's football
Official titles
Competitions
Women's football
Official titles
Competitions
Promotions, relegations and qualifications
Men's football
Promotions
Relegations
International qualifications
Domestic results
Men's football
2014 Allsvenskan
2014 Allsvenskan qualification play-offs
Gefle IF won 4–1 on aggregate.
2014 Superettan
2014 Superettan qualification play-offs
IK Frej won 5–3 on aggregate.
1–1 on aggregate. Assyriska FF won on away goals.
2014 Division 1
Norra
Södra
2013–14 Svenska Cupen
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
2014 Svenska Supercupen
Women's football
2014 Damallsvenskan
Men's national team fixtures and results
Goalscorers
Swedish clubs' performance in Europe
These are the results of the Swedish teams in European competitions during the 2014–15 season. (Swedish team score displayed first)
Men's football
* For group games in UEFA Champions League, score in home game is displayed
** For group games in UEFA Champions League, score in away game is displayed
Women's football
Fotbollsgalan
Fotbollsgalan is the annual award ceremony held by the Swedish Football Association to present individual awards for both men's and women's football. The award ceremony was held on 10 November 2014 at the Ericsson Globe in Stockholm after the end of the domestic season. The nominations for the 2014 season were officially announced on 20 October 2014. Only the general awards are presented here, for league specific awards, see the articles 2014 Allsvenskan and 2014 Damallsvenskan respectively. Nominees are displayed below, the winners are marked in bold text.
Men's goalkeeper of the year
Andreas Isaksson (Kasımpaşa)
Kristoffer Nordfeldt (Heerenveen)
Robin Olsen (Malmö FF)
Men's defender of the year
Andreas Granqvist (Krasnodar)
Mikael Antonsson (Copenhagen)
Filip Helander (Malmö FF)
Men's midfielder of the year
Albin Ekdal (Cagliari)
Jimmy Durmaz (Olympiacos)
Emil Forsberg (Malmö FF)
Men's forward of the year
Zlatan Ibrahimović (Paris Saint-Germain)
Markus Rosenberg (Malmö FF)
Lasse Vibe (IFK Göteborg)
Women's goalkeeper of the year
Hedvig Lindahl (Kristianstads DFF)
Hilda Carlén (Piteå IF)
Stephanie Labbé (KIF Örebro)
Women's defender of the year
Nilla Fischer (VfL Wolfsburg)
Lina Nilsson (FC Rosengård)
Linda Sembrant (Tyresö FF / Montpellier)
Women's midfielder of the year
Caroline Seger (Tyresö FF / Paris Saint-Germain)
Ramona Bachmann (FC Rosengård)
Mariann Gajhede Knudsen (Linköpings FC)
Women's forward of the year
Lotta Schelin (Lyon)
Manon Melis (Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC)
Anja Mittag (FC Rosengård)
Guldbollen
Zlatan Ibrahimović (Paris Saint-Germain)
Diamantbollen
Lotta Schelin (Lyon)
Referees of the year
Pernilla Larsson (Ladies)
Jonas Eriksson (Men)
Goal of the year
Magnus Eriksson (Malmö FF)
Fotbollskanalen's honorary award
Tommy Svensson
Notes
References
Seasons in Swedish football |
41015722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan%20Geist | Morgan Geist | Morgan Geist is an American music songwriter, producer, mix engineer and DJ from Wayne, New Jersey. Among mainstream music consumers, he is best known for his UK number one song "Look Right Through," recorded under the alias Storm Queen and remixed by Marc Kinchen. Geist is also half of the influential duo Metro Area. He has also remixed many artists, among them Caribou, Tracey Thorne, The Rapture, Franz Ferdinand, and Telex.
Music career
2010–present: Breakthrough
In 2010 Storm Queen released his debut single "Look Right Through" on Geist's own Environ label. In 2011, the follow-up "It Goes On" was released. In July 2012 he released "Let's Make Mistakes" as his third single. On November 3, 2013, a licensed version of the single "Look Right Through" was released via Defected Records/Ministry of Sound. In the United Kingdom, the song entered at the top of the UK Singles Chart on November 10, 2013, becoming Storm Queen's first number one song in The UK, dethroning Eminem and Rihanna's "The Monster" from the top of the chart. In Ireland, the song entered at number thirty on the Irish Singles Chart on November 8, 2013, and peaked at number twenty.
Discography
Studio albums
The Driving Memoirs (as Morgan Geist, 1997)
Morgan Geist presents Environ: Into A Separate Space (1998)
Double Night Time (as Morgan Geist, 2008)
Collaborations
Metro Area (with Darshan Jesrani, 1998)
The Galleria (with Jessy Lanza, 2015)
Au Suisse (with Kelley Polar, 2022)
Singles
References
Musicians from New Jersey
American dance musicians
American house musicians
People from Wayne, New Jersey
Remixers
Ultra Records artists |
41015780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavramak | Gavramak | Gavramak (, also Romanized as Gāvramak; also known as Gāvramak-e Bālā) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 126, in 33 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javaher%20Deh | Javaher Deh | Javaher Deh (, also Romanized as Javāher Deh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 170, in 76 families.
The villagers are engaged in animal husbandry, agriculture and horticulture, and its handicrafts include felt-making, pottery, blacksmithing and coppersmithing. The only communication route of the jewel leads to Ramsar and is also connected to Qazvin through the mountains.
Today, the drinking water of the region is supplied from several springs such as "Suleiman", "Barshi" and "Kuh-e Kane".
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guhar%20Sara | Guhar Sara | Guhar Sara (, also Romanized as Gūhar Sarā) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 116, in 30 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan%20Sara%2C%20Mazandaran | Hasan Sara, Mazandaran | Hasan Sara (, also Romanized as Ḩasan Sarā; also known as Ḩanak Sarā and Ḩasanak Sarā) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 111, in 29 families. In 2003 Alireza Nouri spent three nights at the local guest house "Hasan Sara Lounge".
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohneh%20Patak | Kohneh Patak | Kohneh Patak () is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 9 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij%20Kuh | Kalij Kuh | Kalij Kuh (, also Romanized as Kalīj Kūh; also known as Kalīch Kūh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 142, in 37 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalak%2C%20Ramsar | Kalak, Ramsar | Kalak () is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 32, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenar%20Rud | Kenar Rud | Kenar Rud (, also Romanized as Kenār Rūd) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 8 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat-e%20Disar | Lat-e Disar | Lat-e Disar (, also Romanized as Lāt-e Dīsar) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 10 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limakesh | Limakesh | Limakesh (, also Romanized as Līmākesh; also known as Lamākesh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 86, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapa%20Sarak | Lapa Sarak | Lapa Sarak (, also Romanized as Lapā Sarak; also known as Espā Sar and Lapā Sar) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 242, in 70 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazulangeh | Mazulangeh | Mazulangeh (, also Romanized as Māzūlangeh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 19 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahar%20Mijeh | Mahar Mijeh | Mahar Mijeh (, also Romanized as Mahar Mījeh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mian%20Lat | Mian Lat | Mian Lat (, also Romanized as Mīān Lāt) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 360, in 97 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan%20Sara | Hasan Sara | Hasan Sara (), also known as Hanak Sara or Hasanak Sara, may refer to:
Hasan Sara, Gilan
Hasan Sara, Mazandaran |
41015857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adetomyrma%20aureocuprea | Adetomyrma aureocuprea | Adetomyrma aureocuprea (from Latin aureus, "golden" and cupreus "coppery", referring to the body coloration) is a species of ant endemic to Madagascar.
Description
Adetomyrma aureocuprea, only known from males, is easily separable from the other Adetomyrma males by the yellowish body color, no mesoscutal notaulus, poorly developed subpetiolar process, lack of posterodorsal projection or lobe on the paramere, short hairs on the compound eye, and vestigial parapsidal line.
The males of Adetomyrma aureocuprea display remarkable morphological variation in, for example, the size of the eye and ocelli, head shape, mesonotal shape, petiolar shape, and hairs on body surface.
Sympatry
A. aureocuprea is completely sympatric with A. bressleri, A. caputleae, A. goblin, and A. venatrix, and has been collected within a 20 km radius of A. cilium and within a 70 km radius of A. caudapinniger. The morphological differences between all species are clear and consistent in each case of sympatric and geographically close localities, even though apparent similarity may be shown to a character of another Adetomyrma species collected from distant localities. In addition to the above species, the distribution of A. aureocuprea is parapatric with A. clarivida. Separation between A. aureocuprea and A. clarivida is strongly supported by the morphological differences observed in the aedeagus.
References
Amblyoponinae
Blind animals
Insects described in 2012
Hymenoptera of Africa
Endemic fauna of Madagascar |
41015873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%20Department%20of%20Commerce%20and%20Economic%20Opportunity | Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity | The Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) is the code department of the Illinois state government that sponsors statewide economic development, with special emphases on increasing minority entrepreneurship, promoting the tourism industry, and recruiting Illinois as a location for business investment and film production.
See also
Tourism in Chicago
References
External links
Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity
Commerce and Economic Opportunity
State departments of commerce of the United States |
41015876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirajul%20Haque%20Khan | Sirajul Haque Khan | Sirajul Haque Khan, (1924 – 14 December 1971) born in the district of Noakhali, was a Bengali educationist and martyred intellectual of 1971.
Education
Khan graduated from college in 1949 and obtained an M.Ed. degree from Institute of Education Research (IER), Dhaka University, in 1965. He obtained Ed.D. from the State College of Colorado, United States in 1967 and joined IER, DU as a senior lecturer.
Death and legacy
On 14 December 1971, a group of Al-Badr members forcibly removed him from his home and murdered him. His body was found in Mirpur, Dhaka. He was buried in Dhaka University Central Mosque. On 14 November 1991, Bangladesh Post Office issued commemorative stamp with his name and picture. On 3 November 2013, two Jamaat leaders, Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin and Ashrafuz Zaman Khan, received a death sentence in absentia for his death.
Gallery
References
1924 births
1971 deaths
University of Dhaka alumni
Academic staff of the University of Dhaka
Bangladeshi murder victims
People killed in the Bangladesh Liberation War |
41015913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madak%2C%20Iran | Madak, Iran | Madak () may refer to:
Madak, Kurdistan |
41015962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranga%20Poshteh | Ranga Poshteh | Ranga Poshteh (, also Romanized as Rangā Poshteh; also known as Rangeh Poshteh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 11 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashulangeh | Rashulangeh | Rashulangeh (, also Romanized as Rashūlangeh and Rashū Langeh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shad%20Mansur%20Mahalleh | Shad Mansur Mahalleh | Shad Mansur Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Shād Manşūr Maḩalleh; also known as Shāh Manşūr Maḩalleh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 466, in 127 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefid%20Tameshk | Sefid Tameshk | Sefid Tameshk (, also Romanized as Sefīd Tameshk) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 634, in 183 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siasan | Siasan | Siasan (, also Romanized as Sīāsān) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 167, in 45 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asel%20Poshteh | Asel Poshteh | Asel Poshteh (, also Romanized as ʿAsel Poshteh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 10 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solmel | Solmel | Salmal () is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 11, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41015991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20lease | Telecommunications lease | A telecommunications lease is a lease that exists between a telecommunications provider, or a wireless company, and a landowner. Similar to other real estate leases, a telecommunications lease is put in place as an agreement to lease space on the landowner's property for a telecommunications site or cellular tower for a specified length of time. In exchange for the use of space, the telecommunications provider (also referenced as a tenant) agrees to pay the landowner (a monthly or annual) rent. Telecom leases can be excellent sources of ancillary income, in some cases providing the landowner with thousands of dollars per month.
Industry growth
The telecommunication industry is growing as the need for 4G and 5G networks flourishes. As a result of this growth, there is a constant demand for cellular networks to increase their coverage. Therefore, more cellular towers are constructed and more leases are drawn up between the cellular provider and landowners, which can include municipalities and private landowners, such as homeowners.
Types of leases
In the telecommunications industry, there are two types of telecommunications leases: a rooftop lease agreement and a ground lease agreement. In some cases, cellular sites are installed on the roofs of commercial office buildings or residential living complexes. These rooftop installations take advantage of the height of the buildings on which they are installed to provide quality cellular coverage. Ground leases, on the other hand are contracts typically made between the cellular provider and the landowner of a property for space at the ground level on which a cellular tower is installed.
Rooftop leases
Rooftops are leased for many different communication purposes, including many different types of antennas. Panel antennas are commonly placed on rooftops in urban and densely populated residential areas. These antennas typically range from 1–10 feet in height and have the ability to service multiple technologies, including: cellular antennas, PCS antennas, specialized mobile radios, fixed wireless services, and paging services.
Satellite dishes are also mounted on some rooftops, primarily for satellite TV service, but in other cases, much larger dishes are used. These antennas generally address Internet and cable needs and therefore are used for services such as video conferencing.
Rooftop leases include details about the amount of space leased, installation methods, and upgrade procedures that allow the tenant to operate at the site as needed while protecting the landlord's building.
Ground leases
Ground leases generally address antenna towers or billboards in which the landowner leases the space, or land, to the cellular provider to build the tower. Antenna towers range between 50 and 300 feet tall. These large, free-standing cellular towers can sometimes be “disguised” to blend in with the natural architecture of the building or the surrounding landscape. An example of this is a church property that may have a tower built to resemble, or in some cases built into an existing steeple. Alternatively, a property owner for another type of property may have a monopine or monopalm cellular structure. These are built to resemble pine or palm trees respectively.
Cellular providers such as Verizon Wireless and AT&T most commonly use ground leases.
Components
Location
Zoning
Proposals for new cell towers sometimes face public opposition in zoning proceedings from residents who raise aesthetic objections and fear health hazards.
Local zoning boards must follow the rules set forth in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. which sets guidelines for what are acceptable reasons to not permit the construction of a new cellular tower. A cellular tower zoning ordinance set in place in Greenburgh, New York in 1996 emphasizing esthetics, has been used as a model for communities to create their own wireless telecommunications ordinances.
Redundancy
Generally, cellular providers look for property that is in a densely populated area and that falls outside of a five-mile radius from the nearest tower. For a cellular company, redundancy occurs when two or more towers serve the same area. This often causes a loss of income for the cellular provider, as they generally need one tower rather than multiple. As companies continue to merge, redundancy has become a rising issue within the telecommunication industry.
Duration and termination
Generally, telecom leases are for an initial five-year term followed by additional five-year renewal terms. Leases typically also have a 30- to 90-day cancellation period when the cellular provider has the right to terminate the lease within 30 to 90 days of giving notice to the landowner. This specific portion of a telecom lease is due to recent mergers in the industry, which render some towers useless. Due to cellular providers merging with other cellular companies, one company can double its number of towers. This often causes redundancy, as previously mentioned, which often leads to the termination of leases and removal of redundant towers.
Fair market value
The fair market value of a lease is generally determined by the importance of the location to the cellular carrier's network, or the value of the coverage the location provides. The value will also be driven by the availability of surrounding alternate sites. Determining the fair market value of a cellular lease is difficult for most landowners due to a lack of available information. Cell tower lease rates are not public information, and these rates vary widely. There are however companies that specialize in providing information and assistance to property owners in this highly specialized field.
In order to make money, cellular carriers often undervalue a lease. Leasing agents typically receive bonuses for signing low-priced leases and therefore undervalue leases because the worse the deal is for the landowner, the greater the benefits are for the leasing agent. There are several methods for a landowner to evaluate their property:
Are there cell towers owned by the cellular company near by?
Is your property located in a densely populated area?
Is there a high demand for cellular coverage near your property?
Footprint
Colocation
Colocation is when the cellular company allows other companies to build on their tower. As a result, the cellular company that owns the tower receives rent from the co-locators. Within a lease, landowners can address colocation and receive a portion of the rent received by the cellular company.
Cell tower lease buyout
Property owners have the ability to sell their cell tower lease separate from their parcel. A Cell Tower Lease Prepayment or "buyout" is when a Landlord decides to sell their lease for a lump-sum of Cash today. The lump-sum is a discounted cash flow for a period of term defined in the Purchase and Sale Agreement. Investors purchase the cell tower lease as an easement or lease assignment.
Converting a wireless lease agreement to a Telecommunications Easement is the safest way to perform a Prepayment or Buyout for all involved. However, purchases can be structured in many ways, with the most common outlined below:
– Perpetual Easement – These transactions are typically for a period of 99 years, with the option to take additional 99-year terms for a small consideration.
– Term Easement – These transactions are for a period from 35 years through 98 years. Term Easements revert the rent back to the Landlord after the expiration of the then-defined term, typically investors take Right or First Refusal provisions that allow them to re-purchase the agreement should the Landlord decide to sell again in the future.
– Fee Simple Purchase – Basically, it's a real estate transaction. Fee Simple or Fee Simple Absolute is the most complete form of ownership. A Fee Simple buyer is given title (ownership) of the property, which includes the land and any improvements to the land in perpetuity.
– Rent Assignment – aka LPA (Lease Purchase and Assignment) – Rent Assignments are the riskiest form of investment for an investor because these do not grant an Easement on the property to protect the investor's interest in the event of Default. Investors historically try to avoid these types of transactions unless the potential for upside outweighs the risk of the Landlord defaulting on the property.
Three main factors that influence cell tower buyout prices are: current rent, the rent escalator, and the date of lease expiration.
Mass deployment of Fifth Generation cellular technology (5G) has the potential to impact rental income streams paid to property owners, especially in densely populated urban areas where multiple 5G nodes or small cells could render a macrocell site obsolete with emphasis placed on cell sites with higher rental payments. This could also affect investors holding portfolios of cellular telecommunication leases in urban areas.
Different types of cell tower lease buyout offers have different implications for landowners. For example, a cell tower lease buyout on farmland is much different than the purchase of a lease on a building rooftop. Some necessary considerations for cell tower lease buyout transactions are:
Access requirements.
Tax implications. (easement vs. lease assignment)
Property redevelopment rights.
For rooftop sites, how is property damage addressed.
The challenge of selling a cellular leasehold is the acquisition market is highly unregulated. Lease Acquisition agents have the ability to modify and deliver information to the landowner to acquire leaseholds at a highly discounted price. Similar to the oil barons of the 1800s, these agents are compensated heavily to obtain these rights, and often the underlying value of expiration and an expanded sale market is shielded from the landowner.
References
Telecommunications
Telecommunications law
Telecommunications economics |
41016022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halkbank%20%28Turkmenistan%29 | Halkbank (Turkmenistan) | Joint-Stock Commercial Bank of Turkmenistan Halkbank (, "People's Bank"), is a Turkmen state-owned bank and financial services company, headquartered in Ashgabat. A network of Halkbank offices covers the whole territory of Turkmenistan, providing a wide range of services to the public.
According to The Banker, Halkbank was in 2011 awarded the title of "Best Bank of the Year in Turkmenistan".
History
The first savings bank in the Turkmen SSR was opened on August 4, 1923.
Since January 1, 1941, 419 savings banks have been operating on the territory of the Turkmen SSR.
In 1963, the savings banks were transferred to the department of the State Bank.
After the banking reform of 1988, which resulted in the formation of a two-tier system of banks (the Central Bank and specialized banks), state savings banks from a specialized state bank serving the population and legal entities turned into a Savings Bank.
On April 30, 1993, the Turkmen Republican Bank of the State Bank of the USSR was transformed into the Savings Bank of Turkmenistan, and in 2001 it was renamed the State Commercial Bank of Turkmenistan Halkbank.
In 2021, the State Commercial Bank Halkbank was transformed into an open Joint Stock Company Halkbank. President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov signed the decree on reorganization of the bank at a government meeting.
Building
In October 2011, new headquarters were built for Halkbank in Ashgabat and were opened on the Bank's 20th anniversary. The building has 12 stories, and is located on the central Atamyrat Niyazov Avenue 154. It has a large operating room, offices for work with VIP clients, modern ATMs, a help desk, and a conference room for 200 people. Adjacent to this building is a site which accommodates the offices of the Central Bank of Turkmenistan's assay office.
Services
The bank has several types of deposits and loans. Since early 2017, Internet banking and mobile banking have begun to operate. There is also an online payment service for communal services and payment for gas and electricity.
External links
Official Website
References
Banks of Turkmenistan
Banks established in 1993
1993 establishments in Turkmenistan
Companies based in Ashgabat
Government-owned banks
Government-owned companies of Turkmenistan |
41016039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talesh%20Mahalleh-ye%20Fatuk | Talesh Mahalleh-ye Fatuk | Talesh Mahalleh-ye Fatuk (, also Romanized as Ţālesh Maḩalleh-ye Fatūk) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District of the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 949 in 270 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,066 people in 335 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,106 people in 375 households; it was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Ramsar County
Populated places in Mazandaran Province
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41016042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazeh%20Patak | Tazeh Patak | Tazeh Patak (, also Romanized as Tāzeh Patak) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 109, in 34 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41016044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang%20Darreh-ye%20Gharbi | Tang Darreh-ye Gharbi | Tang Darreh-ye Gharbi (, also Romanized as Tang Darreh-ye Gharbī; also known as Tang Darreh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 273, in 78 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41016046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarmak | Tarmak | Tarmak () is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41016047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubon%2C%20Ramsar | Tubon, Ramsar | Tubon (, also Romanized as Tūbon) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 457, in 125 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41016048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vachkalayeh | Vachkalayeh | Vachkalayeh (, also Romanized as Vāchkalāyeh) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146, in 37 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41016053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsialam | Valsialam | Valsialam (, also Romanized as Valsīālam) is a village in Sakht Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 65, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Ramsar County |
41016124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globigerinoides | Globigerinoides | Globigerinoides is an extant genus of shallow-water planktonic foraminifera of family Globigerinidae. First appearing in the Oligocene these foraminifera are found in all modern oceans. Species of this genus occupy the euphotic zone, generally at depths between 10-50m, in waters which cover a range of salinities and temperatures. They are a shorter lived species, especially when compared to Globorotalia genus. As a genus Globigerinoides is widely used in various fields of research including biostratigraphy, isotope geochemistry, biogeochemistry, climatology, and oceanography.
Morphology
The foraminifera of genus Globigerinoides are all shallow-water species with spinose forms made of hyaline calcite.
Most species have trochospiral chamber arrangement, though some species exhibit further complexity with streptospiral chamber arrangement. Tests are composed of thin perforated walls, with very large pores, and spines being added at the end of individual chamber formation. Certain species are known to produce a modified type of calcium carbonate, O enriched-gametogenic calcite, at the end of their life cycle. Prior to gametogenesis and the production of the final calcite layer, the spines are reabsorbed by the foraminifera leaving behind a test that is heavily calcified, and shows the remnants of spine holes. As with other amoeboids these foraminifera utilize pseudopodia. Pseudopodia are widely used throughout their entire lifecycle for various purposes including feeding, movement, protection, and chamber formation.
Symbionts
Many Globigerinoides species bear photosynthetic symbiotic algae. The relationship between the symbiotic algae and its host foraminifera provides the host with at least three main advantages, including energy from photosynthesis, an enhancement of calcification, and uptake of host metabolites. All in all it is a prime example of ectosymbiosis. For those species that bear symbiotic algae, experiments have shown that their symbionts play a hugely important role in the success of individual foraminifera. Experiments using Globigerinoides sacculifer found that the life cycle of individuals is severely shorted when the symbionts photosynthetic cycle is disrupted or stopped (via darkness or removal of symbionts).
Notable species
Certain species of Globigerinoides are more commonly used in various types of research than others. Commonly used species include G. ruber,G. sacculifer, G. subquadratus, and G. altiaperturus.
Globigerinoides sacculifer
Globigerinoides sacculifer exhibits two different morphologies, known as G. sacculifer with sac and G. sacculifer without sac. The sac feature is a sac shaped terminal chamber that is formed prior to the production of the gametogenic calcite. When using G. sacculifer tests for bulk isotope analysis tests without the sac morphology are often preferentially selected. G. sacculifer is also notable for certain in vivo experiments that have been conducted on it. It was found that individuals of this species are able to reconstruct their tests after injury when subjected to slight crushing in a laboratory setting. These repaired tests would often have nonstandard morphologies.
Globigerinoides ruber
Globigerinoides ruber are carnivorous and prey upon copepods and nauplii. Once a copepod or nauplii is caught in its spines G. ruber uses its pseudopodia to draw the caught prey close to its test to allow it to feed. Also notable about G. ruber is its two morphologies, a form with pink tests, and a form with whitish tests. White test individuals are found today in warm to temperate climate zones of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, where as pink tested G. ruber is now only found in the Atlantic Ocean. It is unknown why the pink individuals are no longer found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, but this variety disappeared from those oceans ~120,000 yr.G. ruber has been found to tolerate hyposaline waters, in laboratory cultures it was able to remain alive in salinity ranges of 22-49%.
Globigerinoides subquadratus
Among other microfossil evidence, the last common occurrence of G. subquadratus is defined as the beginning of the Tortonian stage of the geologic time scale. The boundary is defined at the Monte dei Corvi Beach section in Italy.
Globigerinoides altiaperturus
The first appearance datum of G. altiaperturus is the proposed base of the Burdigalian stage of the geologic time scale. The boundary has not yet been defined with a GSSP by the International Commission on Stratigraphy.
References
Rotaliida genera
Globigerinina |
41016140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20Live%20the%20Victory%20of%20Mao%20Zedong%20Thought | Long Live the Victory of Mao Zedong Thought | Long Live the Victory of Mao Zedong Thought () is an epoxy resin statue in Shenyang, Liaoning, China. The monument is located on Zhongshan Square in the center of the city. The statue is one of the largest of Chairman Mao Zedong in the country. It is one of the main provincial Cultural Revolution-era monuments not removed in later years.
Statue
The monument was erected by students from the Art Academy, who worked for two years on the project. They were supervised by a committee of peasants and workers. It was inaugurated on October 1, 1970, during the 21st anniversary celebrations of the founding of the People's Republic of China. The statue of Chairman Mao is tall, and the base another tall. The phrase "Long Live the Victory of Mao Zedong Thought" was carved on the front of the base.
Its base is surrounded by statues of 58 'worker-peasant-soldier heroes'. They are divided into eight groups, representing different struggles of the Chinese people under the leadership of Chairman Mao. Most of the surrounding characters originally carried Little Red Books, but most of these have been removed. The first group represents soldiers and civilians, propagating the appeal of the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party ("Unite to win still greater victories"). The group of statues at back of the base is titled "Party Building", and seeks to display the early phase of the Communist Party. The three groups on the left ("A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire", "Long Live the People's War" and "Carry the Revolution to the End") illustrate struggles during the Chinese Civil War. The remaining three groups ("Socialism is Good", "Long Live the Three Red Banners" and "Carry the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution Through to the End") on the right side of the base illustrate the phase of socialist revolution.
References
Shenyang
1970 sculptures
Colossal statues in China
Statues of Mao Zedong
1970 establishments in China |
41016173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn%20Goovaerts | Agustín Goovaerts | Augustin Goovaerts (1885 – August 15, 1939) was a Belgian architect and engineer, born in Schaerbeek, Belgium, in 1885. Throughout his life, he designed a number of important urban architectural buildings, mainly in Colombia, where he worked as the department of Antioquia's official architect during the 1920s. Some of his works have been declared National monuments in Colombia. He died at the age of 58 in Brussels due to leukemia caused by typhoid.
Biography
Goovaerts was born in Schaerbeek (present-day Brussels, Belgium) in 1885. He was the son of Celina and Alfonso Van Engelgeny (1847-1922), a leading intellectual in the European academic circles, as a librarian in Antwerp and later as a senior archivist of the Kingdom of Belgium. His father was also a polyglot, historian, musicologist, genealogist, editor.
At a young age, Goovaerts began studying drawing at the Academy of Arts in Brussels, which he later completed in addition to architecture and engineering at the University of Leuven. Mandatory practices for students at Belgian universities allowed him to have direct contact with the work of Victor Horta, who was commissioned, the old Abbey of La Cambre, and the Dutchman Hendrik Berlage. He took up residence in Etterbeek, Brussels neighborhood where he began his architectural production, such as: the family home of Goovaerts, completed in 1907, and residences for families Desmet-Sillis and Desvaux-Berleur. He worked for a time in the office of the architect Edmond Serneels (1875-1934), who influenced the work of Goovaerts. There, he was responsible for the construction of the Church of Saint-Antoine, in Etterbeek, completed in 1910.
In 1914, he volunteered as a soldier at the beginning of the First World War. He was discharged from military service because of wounds suffered in combat. However, he continued as an active military organizer of a bilingual education network in Calais, the Belgian military barracks on the border with France. Before that, Goovaerts had taught drawing at the Belgian Military Institute of Vocational Rehabilitation. He served military service until 1918.
The initial period of his work in Medellin time between 1921 and 1924. During this period he created his largest projects, almost none of which is preserved, such as the Junín Theater, Cellular Jail La Ladera, and Ismael Correa Calpe, which hosted the mayor of Medellin in the twenties.
Style
When Goovaerts arrived in Colombia, he came with a lot of knowledge to implement. There was division between two stylistic tendencies: a very traditional, orthodox and academic type and an oriented position with the avant-garde, especially the art nouveau and modernism. The first was reflected more in public buildings and the second in his work for individuals.
Goovaerts was involved in the design and construction of more than 40 religious buildings.
Selected works
National Palace, Colombia (1925)
Rafael Uribe Uribe Palace of Culture, Colombia (1920-1930)
Edificio Gonzalo Mejía, Medellín, Colombia (1922-1924) (Junín Theatre and Hotel Europa)
Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Colombia (1924-1939)
College of Medicine, University of Antioquia
Church of San José of El Poblado (1926)
Monument in the San Pedro Cemetery Museum for Camilo Restrepo (1926)
Chapel for the San Pedro Cemetery Museum (1925)
Gallery
References
Sources
https://www.the-low-countries.com/article/augustin-goovaerts-a-belgian-palace-builder-in-colombia
1885 births
1939 deaths
Belgian architects
People from Schaerbeek
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from typhoid fever
Deaths from cancer in Belgium
Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
Belgian expatriates in Colombia
Colombian architects |
41016179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavbiuro | Kavbiuro | Kavbiuro was an organisation set up by the Bolsheviks in April 1920 as the regional organ of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) in the Caucasus.
Kavbiuro was set up on 8 April 1920 under the leadership of the Georgian Grigory Ordzhonikidze (Chairman) and the Russian Sergey Kirov (Vice Chairman). One immediate concern was that Kavbiuro did not want to see any independent communist parties being created outside of their control.
Karabagh
One decision the Kavbiuro was involved in concerned Karabagh, a predominantly Armenian area disputed between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Under Tsarist rule the area had been administered from Baku. However in the context of the ethnic conflicts following the Russian Revolution the Karabagh Armenians wanted to become annexed by Armenia. This was prevented first through the intervention of the Ottoman Empire, and following its collapse, by the British. Originally the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, established in April 1920 promised that Karabagh would become part of Armenia. This position was endorsed by Kavbiuro on 3 July 1920, only to be reversed two days later "considering the necessity of national harmony between Muslims and Armenians, the economic linkage between upper and lower Karabagh, and its permanent ties to Azerbaijan." Some Armenian historians have attributed this to the intervention of Stalin and Nariman Narimanov, chairman of Azrevkom, the Azerbaijani Revolutionary Committee. This position was maintained despite protests from the Armenian Communist Party. Aleksandr Myasnikyan described the Kavbiuro meeting:
"the last session of the Kavbiuro can be characterized as if Aharonian, Topchubashov and Chkhenkeli were sitting there. Azerbaijan declared that if Armenia demanded Karabagh, then we will not give them kerosene."
References
Bodies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
History of the Caucasus under the Soviet Union
Organizations established in 1920
Organizations disestablished in 1922 |
41016249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%2C%20Iran | Term, Iran | Term (; also known as Term Şaḩrā) is a village in Kolijan Rostaq-e Sofla Rural District, in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 420, in 101 families.
References
Populated places in Sari County |
41016319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Young%20Doctor%27s%20Notebook%20%28TV%20series%29 | A Young Doctor's Notebook (TV series) | A Young Doctor's Notebook is a British dark comedy television programme based on the short story collection of the same name by Mikhail Bulgakov. Jon Hamm and Daniel Radcliffe portray the show's main characters (a doctor at the fictional Muryevo Hospital in Russia at different ages). The first series was broadcast between 6 December and 27 December 2012 on Sky Arts 1, and a second (and final) series aired from 21 November to 12 December 2013. The first series takes place in the year 1917 during the Russian Revolution, and the second series takes place in the following year during the Russian Civil War.
Production
The second series is based on the short story titled "Morphine" by Bulgakov. The title cards and credits use faux Cyrillic. The music for the programme was composed by Stephen Warbeck. It features violin, a clarinet, acoustic guitar, and cello. The theme song was featured on Sky Arts' compilation album Sky Theme Tunes, Vol. 2.
Series overview
Dr. Vladimir Bomgard leads a team at the fictional Muryevo Hospital in Russia. The team consists of Pelageya Ivanovna (Rosie Cavaliero), a junior midwife; Demyan Lukich (Adam Godley), a feldsher; and Anna Nikolayevna (Vicki Pepperdine), a senior midwife. The typical episode follows the team in their attempts to treat patients' illnesses. Bomgard contends with the uneducated populace, which refuses his treatment. He regularly provides them with rapid and accurate diagnoses.
Bomgard has a physical relationship with Pelageya. In the third episode, they have sex for the first time. In the second series, they try being a couple, and make their relationship work. In the sixth episode, Bomgard tells Pelageya he never loved her, and they separate.
A Young Doctor's Notebook is set in the fictional town of Muryevo, Korobovo in Russia. The first series takes place in the year 1917 during the Russian Revolution, and the second series takes place in the following year during the Russian Civil War. The programme also takes place in the years 1934 and 1935. The show's main character reads his old diary and recalls his experiences, interjecting himself into the story of his younger self. The doctor interacts with his younger self, having conversations that reveal aspects of the story yet to unfold.
In the second series, the Russian Civil War begins to affect the fictional Muryevo Hospital, as an influx of wounded soldiers from both the Bolsheviks and the White Guard arrive for treatment. Meanwhile, the young doctor is battling an all-encompassing morphine addiction. His older self stands watch over him, and a young aristocrat named Natasha arrives in the hospital. The young doctor takes an intense, destructive interest in Natasha. At the same time, The Feldsher takes a romantic interest in a tall, moustached Colonel of the White Guard, who is also staying in the hospital. They are both fond of each other, and share a love for pickled sprats. At one point, The Feldsher is seen bringing him a bouquet of flowers. The Colonel reciprocates.
A significant plot element is Bomgard's use of morphine to manage pain, caused by living in a remote and isolated community and abdominal pain. When he has no access to morphine, he occasionally self-medicates with cocaine. Bomgard also frequently chain smokes when he is on medical duty. In the first series finale, the young doctor reacts to mercy killing by taking morphine, and his addiction recurs. At the close of the first series finale, the young doctor begins to hallucinate. His addiction leads to conflicts with Pelageya. In the last episode, the young doctor admits he is addicted to morphine, describing himself as a "hopeless addict". In the first series, the older doctor is under investigation for writing false prescriptions for morphine for himself, before he attempts suicide via overdose, and is subsequently incarcerated as a result. At the opening of the second series premier, the older and rehabilitated Doctor Bomgard is released from a mental institution, with his addiction under control.
The young doctor is constantly reminded of the former doctor Leopold Leopoldovich's austere presence through comments comparing them by the midwives, and the several large, foreboding portraits of Leopold sporting a huge beard on the walls of the medical practice. The young doctor often feels insecure and inadequate when faced with Leopoldovich's reputation and skills, which grows into resentful annoyance.
Cast
All five of the main actors appeared in every episode. All five play staff who work at the fictional Muryevo Hospital in Russia. Jon Hamm and Daniel Radcliffe received star billing.
Jon Hamm as the older Dr. Vladimir "Nika" Bomgard. The older doctor fails to prevent his younger self from making the mistakes he currently regrets.
Daniel Radcliffe as the young Dr. Vladimir "Nika" Bomgard. A graduate at the top of his class at the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, he arrives, idealistic, and with no practical experience. In the face of ignorant patients, an endless workload of hopeless cases, little support, a personal illness, and extreme isolation, the young doctor quickly degrades into apathy and despair. The young doctor struggles all the while, gradually descending from chain smoking into morphine addiction.
Rosie Cavaliero as Pelageya Ivanovna, a junior midwife. She is brusquely kind.
Adam Godley as Demyan Lukich, a feldsher. Trained as a field doctor, he practices as the doctor's assistant during operations. He smokes a tobacco pipe, and is fond of pickled sprats and atlases. The young doctor views Lukich as socially inappropriate and annoying, though well-intentioned.
Vicki Pepperdine as Anna Nikolayevna, a senior midwife. She is very stern, and treats the doctor as a child because of his age and inexperience. She has a loving devotion to Leopold Leopoldovitch, the much-admired, much-accomplished previous doctor, and often compares Bomgard to him or cites his many accomplishments.
Despite the programme's short run, several recurring characters emerged:
Christopher Godwin as Leopold Leopoldovitch, the former doctor at the hospital. He has an austere presence and high reputation and skills. He appears in hallucinations in the final two episodes of the first series.
Shaun Pye as Yegorych. He appears in three episodes of series one.
Tim Steed as NKVD Agent Kirill, who investigates the older doctor on behalf of the law enforcement agency. He appears in all four episodes of series one.
Margaret Clunie as Natasha, a beautiful young aristocrat who arrives at the clinic during the war. She appears in the final three episodes of the second series.
Charles Edwards as The Colonel. He appears in the final three episodes of the second series.
Tom Forbes as Anatoliy. He appears in the final three episodes of the second series.
Daniel Cerqueira as Vlas, a morphine addict-hating vagrant travelling by train with the older doctor. He appears in all four episodes of series two.
Episodes
A half-hour behind the scenes documentary immediately followed the last episode on Sky Arts 1 on 12 December 2013.
Reception
The average viewing for the first series was 252,000 people making it the most watched programme on Sky Arts 1 at the time of its airing. It was well received by critics, and was nominated for the Magnolia Award for Best Television Film or Miniseries at the 19th Shanghai Television Festival in 2013, as well as for the Satellite Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy at the 18th Satellite Awards in 2014.
Release
The first series was broadcast in the United States between 2 October and 23 October 2013 on Ovation, and a second series aired from 19 August to 9 September 2014.
See also
Morphine, 2008 Russian film based on the same Bulgakov short stories.
References
External links
A Young Doctor's Notebook at Sky Arts. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013.
A Young Doctor's Notebook at Sky.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015.
A Young Doctor's Notebook at Sky Go
A Young Doctor's Notebook & Other Stories at Sky Go
A Young Doctor's Notebook: Behind The Scenes at Sky Go
A Young Doctor's Notebook at Big Talk Productions
A Young Doctor's Notebook at Ovation
A Young Doctor's Notebook at BBC First
2012 British television series debuts
2013 British television series endings
2010s British drama television series
2010s British medical television series
Television shows based on works by Mikhail Bulgakov
Sky UK original programming
Fiction set in 1917
Fiction set in 1918
Fiction set in 1919
Fiction set in 1935
Television series set in the 1910s
Television series set in the 1930s
English-language television shows
Television shows set in Russia
Works about the Russian Revolution
Television shows about drugs
Television series by Big Talk Productions
Television series based on short fiction
Films scored by Stephen Warbeck |
41016375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalak%2C%20Sari | Kalak, Sari | Kalak (, also Romanized as Kalāk) is a village in Miandorud-e Kuchak Rural District, in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 18 families.
References
Populated places in Sari County |
41016389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malekabad-e%20Pain | Malekabad-e Pain | Malekabad-e Pain (, also Romanized as Malekābād-e Pā’īn) is a village in Miandorud-e Kuchak Rural District, in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 409, in 109 families.
References
Populated places in Sari County |
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